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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Umkhonto_we_Sizwe:_1976–1979" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umkhonto_we_Sizwe:_1976–1979"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Umkhonto we Sizwe: 1976–1979</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umkhonto_we_Sizwe:_1976–1979-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detention:_1979–1988" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detention:_1979–1988"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Detention: 1979–1988</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detention:_1979–1988-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_parliamentary_career:_1994–2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Defence Minister: 2021–2024</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_Minister:_2021–2024-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hostage_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hostage_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Hostage crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hostage_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ANC_National_Executive_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ANC_National_Executive_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>ANC National Executive Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ANC_National_Executive_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_cruelty_charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Thandi Modise</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="314" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="314" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_and_Military_Veterans" title="Minister of Defence and Military Veterans">Minister of Defence and Military Veterans</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 August 2021 – 19 June 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thabang_Makwetla" title="Thabang Makwetla">Thabang Makwetla</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nosiviwe_Mapisa-Nqakula" title="Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula">Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Angie_Motshekga" title="Angie Motshekga">Angie Motshekga</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa">Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 May 2019 – 5 August 2021</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Cyril Ramaphosa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lechesa_Tsenoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon Lechesa Tsenoli">Solomon Lechesa Tsenoli</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Baleka_Mbete" title="Baleka Mbete">Baleka Mbete</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">5th <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_National_Council_of_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces">Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 May 2014 – 22 May 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Raseriti Tau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mninwa_Johannes_Mahlangu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mninwa Johannes Mahlangu">Mninwa Johannes Mahlangu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amos_Masondo" title="Amos Masondo">Amos Masondo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_West" title="Premier of North West">Premier of North West</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 November 2010 – 20 May 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Modiselle" title="Maureen Modiselle">Maureen Modiselle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supra_Mahumapelo" title="Supra Mahumapelo">Supra Mahumapelo</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Legislative offices<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">2010–present</span> </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="National Assembly of South Africa">National Assembly of South Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 May 2019 – 28 May 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Delegate to the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Provinces" title="National Council of Provinces">National Council of Provinces</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 May 2014 – 7 May 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)" title="North West (South African province)">North West</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Provincial_Legislature" title="North West Provincial Legislature">North West Provincial Legislature</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 November 2010 – 20 May 2014 </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Party offices<br /> </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">Deputy Secretary-General of the African National Congress</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 December 2007 – December 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Secretary-General</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gwede_Mantashe" title="Gwede Mantashe">Gwede Mantashe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sankie_Mthembi-Mahanyele" title="Sankie Mthembi-Mahanyele">Sankie Mthembi-Mahanyele</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Duarte" title="Jessie Duarte">Jessie Duarte</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Women%27s_League" title="African National Congress Women's League">Deputy President of the African National Congress Women's League</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1993–2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela" title="Winnie Madikizela-Mandela">Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albertina_Sisulu" title="Albertina Sisulu">Albertina Sisulu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mavivi_Myakayaka-Manzini" title="Mavivi Myakayaka-Manzini">Mavivi Myakayaka-Manzini</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Thandi Ruth Modise</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1959-12-25</span>) </span>25 December 1959<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 64)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vryburg" title="Vryburg">Vryburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Province" title="Cape Province">Cape Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe">uMkhonto we Sizwe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1976–1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">Commander</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thandi Ruth Modise</b> (born 25 December 1959) is a South African politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_and_Military_Veterans" title="Minister of Defence and Military Veterans">Minister of Defence and Military Veterans</a> from 2021 to 2024. She was previously the <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_North_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the North West">Premier of the North West</a> from 2010 to 2014, <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_National_Council_of_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces">Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces</a> from 2014 to 2019, and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa">Speaker of the National Assembly</a> from 2019 to 2021. </p><p>Modise has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (ANC) since the <a href="/wiki/1976_Soweto_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="1976 Soweto Uprising">1976 Soweto uprising</a>, when she dropped out of high school to join <a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe">uMkhonto we Sizwe</a> (MK), the ANC's armed wing, in exile. In 1978 she returned to South Africa as a trained <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> operative for MK and from 1980 to 1988 she was imprisoned under the <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_Act,_1967" title="Terrorism Act, 1967">Terrorism Act</a> for her <a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">anti-apartheid activism</a>. </p><p>She was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South African Parliament</a> in South Africa's <a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">first democratic election</a> in 1994. After ten years in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="National Assembly of South Africa">National Assembly</a>, she served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_North_West_Provincial_Legislature" title="List of speakers of the North West Provincial Legislature">Speaker</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Provincial_Legislature" title="North West Provincial Legislature">North West Provincial Legislature</a> from 2004 to 2009 before becoming Premier in 2010. She next returned to the executive branch of government in August 2021, when President <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> appointed her to replace <a href="/wiki/Nosiviwe_Mapisa-Nqakula" title="Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula">Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula</a> as Defence Minister. </p><p>Modise has also held various senior positions in the ANC, including as Deputy President of the <a href="/wiki/ANC_Women%27s_League" class="mw-redirect" title="ANC Women's League">ANC Women's League</a> from 1993 to 2003 under <a href="/wiki/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela" title="Winnie Madikizela-Mandela">Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</a> and as Deputy Secretary-General of the ANC from 2007 to 2012 under <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>. She was first elected to the ANC <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">National Executive Committee</a> in <a href="/wiki/49th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="49th National Conference of the African National Congress">December 1994</a>, and she was re-elected to another five-year term on the committee in <a href="/wiki/55th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="55th National Conference of the African National Congress">December 2022</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_activism">Early life and activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modise was born on 25 December 1959 in <a href="/wiki/Huhudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Huhudi">Huhudi</a>, a township near <a href="/wiki/Vryburg" title="Vryburg">Vryburg</a> in what is now the <a href="/wiki/North_West_(South_African_province)" title="North West (South African province)">North West province</a> (then the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Province" title="Cape Province">Cape province</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father, Frans Modise, was a railway worker (a stoker) and a member of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (ANC), which was banned by the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> government the year after Modise's birth.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the youngest of six children.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modise was educated at Barolong High School until she dropped out in July 1976 during the <a href="/wiki/Soweto_uprising" title="Soweto uprising">Soweto uprising</a>. The student protests were given particular fervor in Huhudi because of the imminent threat that the township would be incorporated into the so-called <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">independent homeland</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bophuthatswana" title="Bophuthatswana">Bophuthatswana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in July, Modise, with some former classmates, fled to Botswana, crossing the border by foot, and joined the ANC in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Umkhonto_we_Sizwe:_1976–1979"><span id="Umkhonto_we_Sizwe:_1976.E2.80.931979"></span>Umkhonto we Sizwe: 1976–1979</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Umkhonto we Sizwe: 1976–1979"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modise received preliminary political education in Tanzania and then received military training at various <a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe">Umkhonto we Sizwe</a> (MK) camps in Angola and later in <a href="/wiki/Maputo,_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Maputo, Mozambique">Maputo, Mozambique</a>, becoming one of the few women in MK's famous "June 16" detachment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her training she worked in MK camps as a <a href="/wiki/Political_commissar" title="Political commissar">political commissar</a>, a section commissar, and ultimately a <a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">commander</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also sang <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> in a recreational MK <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1978, shortly after her 19th birthday, Modise used a false passport to cross the <a href="/wiki/Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swazi</a> border into South Africa, where she worked underground as an MK operative.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had received <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topographical</a> training and her primary task was <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> of potential targets for <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was based variously in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Diepkloof" title="Diepkloof">Diepkloof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Eldorado_Park,_Gauteng" title="Eldorado Park, Gauteng">Eldorado Park</a>, and she occasionally crossed back into Swaziland to report back to the MK regional command stationed there.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of two days in March 1978, she planted homemade <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">incendiary devices</a>, concealed in matchboxes, inside two <a href="/wiki/OK_Bazaars" title="OK Bazaars">OK Bazaars</a> and Edgars stores in Johannesburg.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Detention:_1979–1988"><span id="Detention:_1979.E2.80.931988"></span>Detention: 1979–1988</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Detention: 1979–1988"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modise was arrested on 31 October 1979 in Eldorado Park, where she was completing a new MK assignment which involved political mobilisation through a network of underground ANC cells in the area. According to <a href="/wiki/South_African_Police" title="South African Police">the police</a>, she was arrested on the basis of a tip-off which identified her as a <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was <a href="/wiki/Detention_without_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Detention without trial">detained without trial</a> during five months of <a href="/wiki/Interrogation" title="Interrogation">interrogation</a> at the notorious <a href="/wiki/John_Vorster_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="John Vorster Square">John Vorster Square</a>. She later told a judge that, though she was pregnant during the first months of her detention, she had been intimidated and assaulted by police officers.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She and her co-accused first appeared in the Johannesburg <a href="/wiki/Magistrate%27s_court_(South_Africa)" title="Magistrate's court (South Africa)">Magistrate's Court</a> in May 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modise faced various charges related to her MK activities between 1976 and 1978, including that she had trained with MK, plotted to commit <a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">arson</a>, propagated the aims of the banned ANC, conducted reconnaissance with the intention to commit sabotage, possessed illegal weapons and explosives, and recruited for the ANC.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was convicted of three charges under the <a href="/wiki/Terrorism_Act,_1967" title="Terrorism Act, 1967">Terrorism Act</a> and on 7 November 1980 was sentenced to a total of 16 years' <a href="/wiki/Imprisonment" title="Imprisonment">imprisonment</a> – two eight-year sentences run concurrently.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modise served her full eight-year sentence (less one day) in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_Central_Prison" title="Pretoria Central Prison">Pretoria Central Prison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroonstad" title="Kroonstad">Kroonstad</a> Women's Prison, and <a href="/wiki/Klerksdorp" title="Klerksdorp">Klerksdorp</a> Women's Prison.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in prison, she completed her <a href="/wiki/Matriculation" title="Matriculation">matriculation</a> certificate and, through the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Africa" title="University of South Africa">University of South Africa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_organizational_psychology" title="Industrial and organizational psychology">industrial psychology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was released in November 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_parliamentary_career:_1994–2004"><span id="Early_parliamentary_career:_1994.E2.80.932004"></span>Early parliamentary career: 1994–2004</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early parliamentary career: 1994–2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Africa's <a href="/wiki/1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">first post-apartheid election</a> in April 1994, Modise was elected to represent the ANC in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="National Assembly of South Africa">National Assembly</a>, the lower house of the new <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">South African Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She held her seat until 2004 and from 1998 onwards, she served as chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/Portfolio_Committee_on_Defence_and_Military_Veterans" title="Portfolio Committee on Defence and Military Veterans">Portfolio Committee on Defence</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Committees_of_the_Parliament_of_South_Africa#Joint_Standing_Committees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Committees of the Parliament of South Africa">Joint Standing Committee on Defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Robben_Island_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Robben Island Museum">Robben Island Museum</a> Council from 1994 to 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For much of her early parliamentary career, Modise served as an ordinary member of the ANC's <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">National Executive Committee</a>. She was first elected to the committee at the party's <a href="/wiki/49th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="49th National Conference of the African National Congress">49th National Conference</a> in December 1994; by popularity she was ranked 50th of 60 candidates elected.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="50th National Conference of the African National Congress">next national conference</a> in 1997 she was not re-elected to the committee but was <a href="/wiki/Co-option" title="Co-option">co-opted</a> onto it shortly after the elections.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, she was returned by election at the <a href="/wiki/51st_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="51st National Conference of the African National Congress">51st National Conference</a> in 2002, ranked 31st of 60.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_West_"Talibans":_2002"><span id="North_West_.22Talibans.22:_2002"></span>North West "Talibans": 2002</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: North West "Talibans": 2002"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a parliamentarian, Modise emerged as a key figure in the North West branch of the ANC, particularly as a member of a group which sought to challenge the leadership of longstanding ANC Provincial Chairperson and Premier <a href="/wiki/Popo_Molefe" title="Popo Molefe">Popo Molefe</a>. While Molefe's opponents argued that Molefe had failed to act against <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> or resolve divisions in the provincial party,<sup id="cite_ref-:15_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> academic Andrew Manson suggested that Modise's supporters were motivated by <a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">nativism</a>, believing that the political leadership of the North West "ought to be in the hands of people <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous</a> to the province, i.e. herself and her supporters".<sup id="cite_ref-:10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, Modise and others, backed by <a href="/wiki/Supra_Mahumapelo" title="Supra Mahumapelo">Supra Mahumapelo</a> and other provincial leaders of the <a href="/wiki/ANC_Youth_League" class="mw-redirect" title="ANC Youth League">ANC Youth League</a>, introduced an unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a> in Molefe's leadership of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mahumapelo-led pro-Modise <a href="/wiki/Political_faction" title="Political faction">faction</a> was nicknamed "the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Talibans</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-:10_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a moniker that was borrowed two decades later by <a href="/wiki/Siboniso_Duma" title="Siboniso Duma">Siboniso Duma</a>'s faction in the <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> ANC.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahead of the 2002 North West ANC provincial elective conference, Modise mounted an unsuccessful challenge to Molefe's bid for re-election.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her campaign to become ANC Provincial Chairperson in the North West initially appeared highly successful: she was nominated for the position by four of five regional branches in the province, with only <a href="/wiki/Bojanala_Platinum_District_Municipality" title="Bojanala Platinum District Municipality">Bojanala</a> region expressing support for Molefe, and she received strong support from the provincial Youth League, from the provincial Women's League, and from senior members of the ANC <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Executive_Committees_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress">Provincial Executive Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:16_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was also viewed as the favoured candidate of the incumbent national leadership of the party under ANC President <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, when the elective conference was held in June 2002 in <a href="/wiki/Rustenburg" title="Rustenburg">Rustenberg</a>, Modise lost, winning only 229 votes against Molefe's 355.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath, the <i><a href="/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian" title="Mail & Guardian">Mail & Guardian</a></i> reported that she was upset about the way the election had been conducted.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political commentator William Gumede described the conference as "ugly" and adduced, from the "derogatory slogans" shouted at Modise during the conference, that she had lost because she was "seen as Mbeki's candidate".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ANC_Women's_League_presidential_campaign:_2003"><span id="ANC_Women.27s_League_presidential_campaign:_2003"></span>ANC Women's League presidential campaign: 2003</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: ANC Women's League presidential campaign: 2003"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modise served as a member of the National Executive Committee of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Women%27s_League" title="African National Congress Women's League">ANC Women's League</a> from 1991 until December 1993,<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when she was elected as deputy president of the league.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She held that position for two terms until 2003. Towards the end of her second term, in April 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela" title="Winnie Madikizela-Mandela">Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</a> resigned as ANC Women's League president and Modise stepped in as acting president.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modise subsequently launched a campaign to succeed Madikizela-Mandela permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a heated contest, she was defeated in August 2003 by league secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Nosiviwe_Mapisa-Nqakula" title="Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula">Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula</a>, who beat her by 528 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_West_Provincial_Legislature:_2004–2014"><span id="North_West_Provincial_Legislature:_2004.E2.80.932014"></span>North West Provincial Legislature: 2004–2014</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: North West Provincial Legislature: 2004–2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speaker_of_the_North_West:_2004–2010"><span id="Speaker_of_the_North_West:_2004.E2.80.932010"></span>Speaker of the North West: 2004–2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Speaker of the North West: 2004–2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/2004_South_African_general_election" title="2004 South African general election">2004 general election</a>, Modise left the national Parliament to become a member of the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Provincial_Legislature" title="North West Provincial Legislature">North West Provincial Legislature</a>. She was <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_North_West_Provincial_Legislature" title="List of speakers of the North West Provincial Legislature">Speaker</a> of the provincial legislature from 2004 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ANC_Deputy_Secretary-General:_2007–2010"><span id="ANC_Deputy_Secretary-General:_2007.E2.80.932010"></span>ANC Deputy Secretary-General: 2007–2010</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: ANC Deputy Secretary-General: 2007–2010"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the ANC's <a href="/wiki/52nd_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="52nd National Conference of the African National Congress">52nd National Conference</a> in December 2007, Modise was elected to a five-year term as Deputy <a href="/wiki/Secretary_(title)" title="Secretary (title)">Secretary-General</a> of the ANC. She was nominated from the floor of the conference after <a href="/wiki/Baleka_Mbete" title="Baleka Mbete">Baleka Mbete</a>, the frontrunner until then, withdrew her name to stand instead for the position of National Chairperson.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:53_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:53-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modise's candidacy was part of an informal <a href="/wiki/Slate_(elections)" title="Slate (elections)">slate</a> aligned to <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>, who won the ANC presidency at the same conference.<sup id="cite_ref-:53_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:53-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She comfortably defeated <a href="/wiki/Thoko_Didiza" title="Thoko Didiza">Thoko Didiza</a> for the position, winning 2,304 votes to Didiza's 1,455.<sup id="cite_ref-officials_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-officials-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She served only one term as Deputy Secretary-General. She was nominated for reelection at the end of her term but declined, choosing instead to challenge Mbete, who was running – with Zuma's endorsement – for reelection as National Chairperson.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the election was held at the <a href="/wiki/53rd_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="53rd National Conference of the African National Congress">53rd National Conference</a> in December 2012, Modise lost, receiving only 939 votes against Mbete's 3,010.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also failed to gain election to an ordinary seat on the National Executive Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premier_of_the_North_West:_2010–2014"><span id="Premier_of_the_North_West:_2010.E2.80.932014"></span>Premier of the North West: 2010–2014</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Premier of the North West: 2010–2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2009_South_African_general_election" title="2009 South African general election">2009 general election</a>, Modise was re-elected to the North West Provincial Legislature, and the <i>Mail & Guardian</i> reported that the North West branch of the ANC supported a proposal to elect her as <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_North_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the North West">Premier of the North West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Modiselle" title="Maureen Modiselle">Maureen Modiselle</a> was selected instead – but only until 19 November 2010, when Modise succeeded her as Premier.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modise was Premier during the <a href="/wiki/Marikana_massacre" title="Marikana massacre">Marikana massacre</a> in the North West in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her tenure, she had an increasingly difficult relationship (which she described in 2011 as "a bit of a headache")<sup id="cite_ref-:10_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Supra Mahumapelo, then the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Chairperson_of_the_African_National_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Chairperson of the African National Congress">ANC Provincial Chairperson</a> in the North West and the Speaker of the North West Provincial Legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She remained in office as Premier until the <a href="/wiki/2014_South_African_general_election" title="2014 South African general election">next general election</a> in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when she was succeeded by Mahumapelo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_national_politics:_2014–2024"><span id="Return_to_national_politics:_2014.E2.80.932024"></span>Return to national politics: 2014–2024</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Return to national politics: 2014–2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NCOP_Chairperson:_2014–2019"><span id="NCOP_Chairperson:_2014.E2.80.932019"></span>NCOP Chairperson: 2014–2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: NCOP Chairperson: 2014–2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Pursuant to the 2014 election, Modise was elected unopposed as <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_National_Council_of_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces">Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces</a> (NCOP), the upper house of the national Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-NCOP_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCOP-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She held the position throughout the second term of President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>. She later said, during a 2021 hearing of the <a href="/wiki/Zondo_Commission" title="Zondo Commission">Zondo Commission</a>, that it was "a pity" that she and other parliamentary leaders did not "wake up" to allegations of <a href="/wiki/State_capture" title="State capture">state capture</a> during Zuma's <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jacob_Zuma" title="Presidency of Jacob Zuma">presidency</a> and therefore did not use Parliament's investigatory powers to their fullest.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_%282%29.jpg/220px-Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_%282%29.jpg/330px-Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_%282%29.jpg/440px-Spotkanie_premier_Beaty_Szyd%C5%82o_z_Thandi_Modise_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Modise with Polish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Beata_Szyd%C5%82o" title="Beata Szydło">Beata Szydło</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, September 2016</figcaption></figure><p>In 2017, NCOP administrators reportedly advised Modise that she had claimed an excessively large parliamentary travel allowance, calculated using an incorrect formula. She was asked to repay the <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>125,953 which she had received in excess since 2014. The <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times_(South_Africa)" title="Sunday Times (South Africa)">Sunday Times</a></i> reported that she was "resisting" this request and disputed the claim that she had been overpaid.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, Modise regained her seat on the National Executive Committee, winning another five-year term at the <a href="/wiki/54th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="54th National Conference of the African National Congress">54th National Conference</a> in December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Mahumapelo resigned as Premier in 2018, it was rumoured that Modise would return to the North West to replace him.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Addressing the rumours, Modise said lightheartedly, "If the ANC asks you to do something, you go, but I wish they don’t send me back there";<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she ultimately served the full parliamentary term as NCOP Chairperson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NA_Speaker:_2019–2021"><span id="NA_Speaker:_2019.E2.80.932021"></span>NA Speaker: 2019–2021</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: NA Speaker: 2019–2021"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following her term as NCOP Chairperson, Modise was elected to the counterpart position in the National Assembly, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa">Speaker of the National Assembly</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2019_South_African_general_election" title="2019 South African general election">2019 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Maverick" title="Daily Maverick">Daily Maverick</a></i> complimented Modise's performance, which it said had helped restore dignity to the assembly's proceedings after years of "destabilising" controversy during Zuma's administration.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assessment received wide assent among parliamentary leaders of the country's opposition parties: the <a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Movement" title="United Democratic Movement">United Democratic Movement</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bantu_Holomisa" title="Bantu Holomisa">Bantu Holomisa</a> described Modise as "a no-nonsense-taker", while <a href="/wiki/Narend_Singh" title="Narend Singh">Narend Singh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party" title="Inkatha Freedom Party">Inkatha Freedom Party</a> said she had "run a tight ship" and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(South_Africa)" title="Democratic Alliance (South Africa)">Democratic Alliance</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Natasha_Mazzone" title="Natasha Mazzone">Natasha Mazzone</a> described her as the legislature's "<a href="/wiki/UN_Peacekeeping_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Peacekeeping forces">UN peacekeeping force</a>" and as truly <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">non-partisan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Day_(South_Africa)" title="Business Day (South Africa)">Business Day</a></i> agreed that she "exercised a firm grip" over the assembly's sittings.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_Minister:_2021–2024"><span id="Defence_Minister:_2021.E2.80.932024"></span>Defence Minister: 2021–2024</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Defence Minister: 2021–2024"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 August 2021, President <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> appointed Modise to <a href="/wiki/Second_Cabinet_of_Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Second Cabinet of Cyril Ramaphosa">his cabinet</a> as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_and_Military_Veterans" title="Minister of Defence and Military Veterans">Minister of Defence and Military Veterans</a>. Her appointment was part of a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_reshuffle" title="Cabinet reshuffle">cabinet reshuffle</a> which saw her swap positions with former Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Nosiviwe_Mapisa-Nqakula" title="Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula">Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula</a> and which was partly intended to reinvigorate the so-called security cluster of ministries following an <a href="/wiki/2021_South_African_unrest" title="2021 South African unrest">episode of serious civil unrest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She served in the office until the <a href="/wiki/2024_South_African_general_election" title="2024 South African general election">2024 general election</a>, when she lost her seat in the National Assembly as a result of the ANC's decline in electoral support.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hostage_crisis">Hostage crisis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hostage crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the evening of 14 October 2021, Modise was at a hotel in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> when she was held <a href="/wiki/Hostage" title="Hostage">hostage</a> by a group of <a href="/wiki/Military_veterans" class="mw-redirect" title="Military veterans">military veterans</a> calling themselves the Liberation Struggle War Veterans. She was detained with 25 others, including her deputy, <a href="/wiki/Thabang_Makwetla" title="Thabang Makwetla">Thabang Makwetla</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Minister_in_the_Presidency" title="Minister in the Presidency">Minister in the Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mondli_Gungubele" title="Mondli Gungubele">Mondli Gungubele</a>. The veterans demanded a meeting with President Ramaphosa and <a href="/wiki/Reparations_(transitional_justice)" title="Reparations (transitional justice)">reparations</a> for their role in the <a href="/wiki/Internal_resistance_to_apartheid" title="Internal resistance to apartheid">anti-apartheid struggle</a>. After almost three hours, members of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Task_Force_(SAPS)" title="Special Task Force (SAPS)">Special Task Force</a> entered the hotel, freeing the hostages and making dozens of arrests.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Prosecuting_Authority" title="National Prosecuting Authority">National Prosecuting Authority</a> charged 53 people with <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a> and suggested that it might add terrorism-related charges,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in May 2022 the case was withdrawn.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ANC_National_Executive_Committee">ANC National Executive Committee</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: ANC National Executive Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 March 2022, the <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress#National_Working_Committee" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">National Working Committee</a> of the ANC appointed Modise to lead a task team to assess the status of the ANC Women's League, which at the time was in disarray.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Controversially, Modise recommended that the mainstream party should disband the incumbent leadership of the league, at that time headed by <a href="/wiki/Bathabile_Dlamini" title="Bathabile Dlamini">Bathabile Dlamini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:14_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahead of the ANC's <a href="/wiki/55th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="55th National Conference of the African National Congress">55th National Conference</a> in December 2022, there were rumours that Modise was a possible candidate to become ANC Deputy President.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ANC Women's League supported this proposal,<sup id="cite_ref-:14_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but she did not appear on the ballot paper. Instead, the 55th National Conference re-elected her as an ordinary member of the ANC National Executive Committee; she was ranked 32nd of the 80 members elected.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animal_cruelty_charges">Animal cruelty charges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Animal cruelty charges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals" title="Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals">NSPCA</a> discovered a number of dead animals, including chickens, pigs, goats and geese, on a farm owned by Modise in <a href="/wiki/Modderfontein_(East_Rand)" title="Modderfontein (East Rand)">Modderfontein</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Potchefstroom" title="Potchefstroom">Potchefstroom</a>. The animals had starved to death and some of the surviving pigs were eating the carcasses of other animals.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:18_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modise said that the animals had been abandoned by a caretaker she had hired to monitor the farm while she was attending to her NCOP responsibilities in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, and she said she was "saddened" by the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also said, "I am not a farmer. I am trying to farm. I am learning. But if you are a woman and you are learning you are not allowed to make mistakes".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Front_Plus" title="Freedom Front Plus">Freedom Front Plus</a> said that Modise was a poor example for emerging black farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On behalf of the NSPCA, <a href="/wiki/AfriForum" title="AfriForum">AfriForum</a> instituted <a href="/wiki/Private_prosecution" title="Private prosecution">private prosecution</a> against Modise on <a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">animal cruelty</a> charges. However, in April 2021, a Potchefstroom court found Modise not guilty, ruling that Modise had not been <a href="/wiki/Negligence" title="Negligence">negligent</a> and that the hired caretaker should be held responsible for the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modise has four children.<sup id="cite_ref-SAHIST_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAHIST-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She gave birth to a daughter named Boingotlo in January 1975 when she was still in high school.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second daughter, Mandisa, was born on 15 February 1980 at Johannesburg Hospital while Modise was being detained by the apartheid police.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Modise was occupied with her MK work, Boingotlo and Mandisa were raised by her mother.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mail+%26+Guardian&rft.atitle=AfriForum+to+privately+prosecute+Thandi+Modise+over+animal+cruelty&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Farticle%2F2018-07-19-afriforum-to-privately-prosecute-thandi-modise-over-animal-cruelty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThandi+Modise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/news24/thandi-modise-will-cooperate-as-her-farm-of-horrors-is-investigated-20150429">"Thandi Modise will cooperate as her farm of horrors is investigated"</a>. <i>News24</i>. 7 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News24&rft.atitle=Thandi+Modise+will+cooperate+as+her+farm+of+horrors+is+investigated&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Fnews24%2Fthandi-modise-will-cooperate-as-her-farm-of-horrors-is-investigated-20150429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThandi+Modise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.co.za/article/2014-07-08-thandi-modise-another-survivor-on-sas-animal-farm/">"Thandi Modise: Another survivor on SA's 'Animal Farm'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Mail & Guardian</i>. 8 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News24&rft.atitle=Animal+cruelty+case+against+Thandi+Modise+dismissed&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft.aulast=Mitchley&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Fnews24%2FSouthAfrica%2FNews%2Fjust-in-animal-cruelty-case-against-thandi-modise-dismissed-20210430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThandi+Modise" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thandi_Modise&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pa.org.za/person/thandi-modise//">Thandi Ruth Modise</a> at People's Assembly</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4066108">"Thandi Modise, a woman in war"</a> at <i>Agenda</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SouthAfricaAssemblySpeakers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SouthAfricaAssemblySpeakers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_Lower_House_of_Parliament_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_South_Africa" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa">Speakers</a> of the Lower House of Parliament of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of Assembly (1910–1994)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Tennant_Molteno" title="James Tennant Molteno">Molteno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Krige" title="Joel Krige">Krige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_George_Jansen" title="Ernest George Jansen">Jansen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Hendrick_Hofmeyr_de_Waal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Hendrick Hofmeyr de Waal (page does not exist)">De Waal</a></li> <li>Jansen</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._M._van_Coller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. M. van Coller (page does not exist)">Van Coller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Naud%C3%A9" title="Tom Naudé">Naudé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._Conradie" title="J. H. Conradie">Conradie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_Klopper" title="Henning Klopper">Klopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwyn_Schlebusch" title="Alwyn Schlebusch">Schlebusch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jannie_Loots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jannie Loots (page does not exist)">Loots</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._P._du_Toit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. P. du Toit (page does not exist)">Du Toit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Greeff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Greeff (page does not exist)">Greeff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_le_Grange" title="Louis le Grange">Le Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Louw" title="Gene Louw">Louw</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/90px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/135px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/180px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Assembly (1994–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frene_Ginwala" title="Frene Ginwala">Ginwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baleka_Mbete" title="Baleka Mbete">Mbete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Mahlangu-Nkabinde" title="Gwen Mahlangu-Nkabinde">Mahlangu-Nkabinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Sisulu" title="Max Sisulu">Sisulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baleka_Mbete" title="Baleka Mbete">Mbete</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosiviwe_Mapisa-Nqakula" title="Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula">Mapisa-Nqakula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Senate_and_NCOP_of_South_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SouthAfricaSenateNCOPPresidents" title="Template:SouthAfricaSenateNCOPPresidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SouthAfricaSenateNCOPPresidents" title="Template talk:SouthAfricaSenateNCOPPresidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SouthAfricaSenateNCOPPresidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SouthAfricaSenateNCOPPresidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Senate_and_NCOP_of_South_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_South_Africa" title="President of the Senate of South Africa">Presidents</a> of the Senate and NCOP of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First Senate (1910–1981)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Reitz" title="Francis William Reitz">Reitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_van_Heerden" title="Harry van Heerden">Van Heerden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._A._Kerr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. A. Kerr (page does not exist)">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christiaan_Andries_van_Niekerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christiaan Andries van Niekerk (page does not exist)">Van Niekerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._S._Malan" title="F. S. Malan">Malan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippus_Arnoldus_Myburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippus Arnoldus Myburgh (page does not exist)">Myburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._J._Wessels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P. J. Wessels (page does not exist)">Wessels</a></li> <li>Van Niekerk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Naud%C3%A9" title="Tom Naudé">Naudé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Klerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes de Klerk">De Klerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_Viljoen" title="Marais Viljoen">Viljoen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Kruger" title="Jimmy Kruger">Kruger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second Senate (1994–1997)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kobie_Coetsee" title="Kobie Coetsee">Coetsee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Council of Provinces (1997–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosiuoa_Lekota" title="Mosiuoa Lekota">Lekota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naledi_Pandor" title="Naledi Pandor">Pandor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Kgoali" title="Joyce Kgoali">Kgoali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._J._Mahlangu" title="M. J. Mahlangu">Mahlangu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Masondo" title="Amos Masondo">Masondo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premiers_of_the_North_West" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NWPremiers" title="Template:NWPremiers"><abbr 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Modiselle">Modiselle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supra_Mahumapelo" title="Supra Mahumapelo">Mahumapelo</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Nelson_(politician)" title="Wendy Nelson (politician)">Nelson</a> <i>(acting)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Mokgoro" title="Job Mokgoro">Mokgoro</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Motlalepula_Rosho" title="Motlalepula Rosho">Rosho</a> <i>(acting)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushy_Maape" title="Bushy Maape">Maape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzy_Mokgosi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazzy Mokgosi">Mokgosi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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