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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_of_the_National_Executive_Committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_of_the_National_Executive_Committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Election of the National Executive Committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_of_the_National_Executive_Committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resolutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resolutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Resolutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resolutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">50th National Conference of the African National Congress</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">50th National Conference of the African National Congress</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_African_National_Congress.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/49th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="49th National Conference of the African National Congress">1994</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>16–20 December 1997<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1997-12-16</span> – <span class="dtend">1997-12-20</span>)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/51st_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="51st National Conference of the African National Congress">2002</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress#National_Executive_Committee_1994–1997" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">Outgoing NEC</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress#National_Executive_Committee_1997–2002" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">Elected NEC</a> →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />3,000 party delegates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #008000"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01_%28cropped2%29.jpg/166px-SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01_%28cropped2%29.jpg/249px-SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01_%28cropped2%29.jpg/332px-SthAfrica.ThaboMbeki.01_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="902" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;width:0;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Candidate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Delegate vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><i><b>Unopposed</b></i> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a><br /> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>50th National Conference of the African National Congress</b> (ANC) took place from 16 to 20 December 1997 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_North_West" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the North West">University of the North West</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in what was then called <a href="/wiki/Mahikeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahikeng">Mafikeng</a>. Attended by 3,000 voting delegates,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the conference elected a successor to outgoing ANC President <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, who declined to stand for another term. <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> was elected unopposed, and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> was elected unopposed as his deputy; they were later elected President and Deputy President of the country in the <a href="/wiki/1999_South_African_general_election" title="1999 South African general election">1999 general elections</a>, in which the ANC won 66.35% of the vote, up from 62.65% in 1994. </p><p>Although the conference entirely changed the composition of the party's top leadership, with Mbeki and Zuma the only residuum of the so-called "Top Six" as <a href="/wiki/49th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="49th National Conference of the African National Congress">elected in 1994</a>, most candidates were elected unopposed, and there was relatively little appearance of friction from any wing of the party. On some accounts, this was because the top leadership prepared assiduously for the conference, advocating unity and continuity, lobbying for a slate of preferred candidates, and negotiating compromises with potential dissidents.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, two of the top positions – National Chairperson and Deputy Secretary General – were contested, and neither went to the Mbeki-allied candidate. The conference also elected the 60-member <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">National Executive Committee</a> (NEC) without any significant upsets. Significant resolutions of the conference endorsed <a href="/wiki/Cadre_deployment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadre deployment">cadre deployment</a>; endorsed the controversial <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare_programs_in_South_Africa#Growth,_Employment_and_Redistribution_(GEAR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare programs in South Africa">Growth, Employment and Redistribution</a> policy; and changed the ANC constitution to reduce the frequency of the <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="National Conference of the African National Congress">national conferences</a> and to centralise the election process for parliamentary candidates. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resignation_of_Nelson_Mandela">Resignation of Nelson Mandela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Resignation of Nelson Mandela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:27%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The time has come to hand over the baton in a relay that started more than 85 years ago in <a href="/wiki/Mangaung" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangaung">Mangaung</a>... [H]ere are the reins of the movement – protect and guard its precious legacy; defend its unity and integrity as committed disciples of change; pursue its popular objectives like true revolutionaries who seek only to serve the nation. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">– <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>'s closing address to the 50th Conference<sup id="cite_ref-Mandela_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandela-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nelson_Mandela,_2000_(5)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Nelson_Mandela%2C_2000_%285%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Nelson_Mandela%2C_2000_%285%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Nelson_Mandela%2C_2000_%285%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Nelson_Mandela%2C_2000_%285%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Nelson_Mandela%2C_2000_%285%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption>Outgoing ANC President <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></figcaption></figure> <p>President <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, the outgoing president of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> (ANC), had, since February 1995<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or earlier, made it clear publicly that he intended to retire after the <a href="/wiki/1999_South_African_general_election" title="1999 South African general election">1999 general elections</a>. The 50th National Conference thus centred around electing his successor as ANC President, who would become the ANC's presidential candidate in the national elections and therefore would likely become the next President of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mandela's political report to the conference, delivered on 16 December, took over four hours to deliver, and included strongly-worded rhetoric decrying resistance to social change.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mandela harshly criticised those who acted as "the anti-democratic forces of counter revolution," including foreign-funded non-governmental organisations, "various elements of the former ruling group," and "the bulk of the mass media." He said that, since the ANC's <a href="/wiki/49th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="49th National Conference of the African National Congress">49th National Conference</a> during the fall of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, there had been a "counter-offensive which would seek to maintain the privileges of the white minority," and that white-led political parties had "essentially decided against the pursuit of a national agenda" and in favour of "a reactionary, dangerous and opportunist position."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the closing session, newly elected ANC President <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> used his speeches to the plenary to deliver tributes to Mandela.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mandela likewise honoured the ANC's former leaders in his final address.<sup id="cite_ref-Mandela_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mandela-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_election">Leadership election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leadership election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President">President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Mbeki, who had been Mandela's deputy in the party and in the government since 1994, was widely understood within the ANC to be the candidate whom Mandela and other top leaders intended to become the next ANC President. In July 1996, Mandela said that Mbeki was "very talented and very popular and if the organisation elected him, I would feel that they have made the correct decision."<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a televised interview on 14 December 1997, two days before the conference, he said:</p><blockquote><p>...Thabo Mbeki is already a <i>de facto</i> President of the country. I am pushing everything to him and I’m a ceremonial president. They can ask me any day to hand over all powers to Thabo Mbeki – he is the man who is already running the government of the country. And my stepping down will be very smooth, it won’t bring about any disruption.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>It was indeed the case that he had increasingly delegated authority to Mbeki in recent years,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was seen as the most likely successor to Mandela as early as February 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There remained persistent rumours that Mandela's preferred successor was former trade unionist and ANC Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had resigned from politics the previous year to pursue a career in business, but Mbeki was elected unopposed.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winnie_Mandela_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Winnie_Mandela_2.jpg/220px-Winnie_Mandela_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Winnie_Mandela_2.jpg/330px-Winnie_Mandela_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Winnie_Mandela_2.jpg/440px-Winnie_Mandela_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela" title="Winnie Madikizela-Mandela">Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</a> in 1996</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_President">Deputy President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Deputy President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September, the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Women%27s_League" title="African National Congress Women's League">ANC Women's League</a> announced that it would nominate its president, <a href="/wiki/Winnie_Madikizela-Mandela" title="Winnie Madikizela-Mandela">Winnie Madikizela-Mandela</a>, for the ANC deputy presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senior elements of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a> province also reportedly supported Madikizela-Mandela.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, following her controversial appearances at the <a href="/wiki/Truth_and_Reconciliation_Commission_(South_Africa)" title="Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)">Truth and Reconciliation Commission</a>, the Women's League nomination was invalidated on a technicality, and she received no nominations ahead of the conference.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the second day of the conference, she was nominated from the floor. According to the ANC constitution, a nomination from the floor stood only if it was seconded by at least 25 per cent of delegates (recently increased from 10 per cent).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madikizela-Mandela's nomination reportedly received support from only 125 delegates<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or fewer,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> far short of the threshold, but, before a tally could be announced, she conferred with the NEC and then announced from the podium, to applause, that she would decline the nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mokaba" title="Peter Mokaba">Peter Mokaba</a> said that she had long planned not to stand for election, while others, including outgoing acting Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Carolus" title="Cheryl Carolus">Cheryl Carolus</a>, said that she had not made the decision until the seconders were being counted.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outgoing National Chairperson <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> was ultimately elected unopposed as deputy president. Both <a href="/wiki/Lindiwe_Sisulu" title="Lindiwe Sisulu">Lindiwe Sisulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julius_Malema" title="Julius Malema">Julius Malema</a> have since criticised the ANC for elevating Zuma over Madikizela-Mandela at Mafikeng, with Malema implying that senior leadership had expressly excluded Madikizela-Mandela from the competition.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Chairperson">National Chairperson</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: National Chairperson"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although it was understood that senior leadership backed Minister of Sport and Recreation <a href="/wiki/Steve_Tshwete" title="Steve Tshwete">Steve Tshwete</a>, an ally of Mbeki's, for the party chairmanship, the branches nominated two other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Mathews_Phosa" title="Mathews Phosa">Mathews Phosa</a>, Premier of <a href="/wiki/Mpumalanga" title="Mpumalanga">Mpumalanga</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mosiuoa_Lekota" title="Mosiuoa Lekota">Terror Lekota</a>, Chairperson of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Provinces" title="National Council of Provinces">National Council of Provinces</a>. Phosa declined the nomination, leaving a two-horse race between Tshwete and Lekota, who were known to be on poor terms.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lekota had the support of six of the nine provincial branches, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_South_African_Trade_Unions" title="Congress of South African Trade Unions">Congress of South African Trade Unions</a> (COSATU) and the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Communist_Party" title="South African Communist Party">South African Communist Party</a> (SACP). Tshwete had the support of the other three provinces, the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Youth_League" title="African National Congress Youth League">ANC Youth League</a>, and, at least initially, the Women's League – after the nominations phase, Tshwete was involved in a public dispute with Madikizela-Mandela, the Women's League President, over government service delivery.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the conference, Lekota won the vote by an overwhelming margin.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_positions">Other positions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only other Top Six position voted on was that of Deputy Secretary General. The Mbeki-allied candidate was <a href="/wiki/Mavivi_Manzini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mavivi Manzini">Mavivi Myakayaka-Manzini</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Thenjiwe_Mtintso" title="Thenjiwe Mtintso">Thejiwe Mtintso</a>, with the support of COSATU,<b><sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> ultimately narrowly won the election.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> COSATU also supported <a href="/wiki/Pravin_Gordhan" title="Pravin Gordhan">Pravin Gordhan</a> for the Treasurer General post,<b><sup id="cite_ref-:5_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> but he did not run. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results">Results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The results of the leadership elections were as follows (victorious candidates in <b>bold</b>):<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>President </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2">Unopposed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deputy President </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2">Unopposed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">National Chairperson </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mosiuoa_Lekota" title="Mosiuoa Lekota">Terror Lekota</a></b> </td> <td><b>1,775</b> </td> <td><b>67.39%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tshwete" title="Steve Tshwete">Steve Tshwete</a> </td> <td>859 </td> <td>32.61% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Secretary General </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2">Unopposed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Deputy Secretary General </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Thenjiwe_Mtintso" title="Thenjiwe Mtintso">Thenjiwe Mtintso</a></b> </td> <td><b>1,398</b> </td> <td><b>54.40%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mavivi_Manzini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mavivi Manzini">Mavivi Manzini</a> </td> <td>1,172 </td> <td>45.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Treasurer General </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mendi_Msimang" title="Mendi Msimang">Mendi Msimang</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2">Unopposed </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_of_the_National_Executive_Committee">Election of the National Executive Committee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Election of the National Executive Committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress#National_Executive_Committee_1997–2002" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">List of members</a></div> <p>The conference also elected the sixty additional members of the NEC, from a list of 131 candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following ten candidates received the most votes:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> (2,390 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kader_Asmal" title="Kader Asmal">Kader Asmal</a> (2,324 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallo_Jordan" title="Pallo Jordan">Pallo Jordan</a> (2,304 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Maharaj" title="Mac Maharaj">Mac Maharaj</a> (2,260 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Naidoo" title="Jay Naidoo">Jay Naidoo</a> (2,243 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Mboweni" title="Tito Mboweni">Tito Mboweni</a> (2,242 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Manuel" title="Trevor Manuel">Trevor Manuel</a> (2,240 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dullah_Omar" title="Dullah Omar">Dullah Omar</a> (2,166 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Valli_Moosa" title="Mohammed Valli Moosa">Valli Moosa</a> (2,162 votes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Kasrils" title="Ronnie Kasrils">Ronnie Kasrils</a> (2,150 votes)</li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Ebrahim" title="Ebrahim Ebrahim">Ebrahim Ebrahim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thandi_Modise" title="Thandi Modise">Thandi Modise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stella_Sigcau" title="Stella Sigcau">Stella Sigcau</a> failed to gain re-election to the NEC – Sigcau was the only cabinet minister not to be elected<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – but all three were co-opted onto the committee soon after the conference in February 1998. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resolutions">Resolutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Resolutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 50th National Conference marked the inauguration of a formal ANC policy of <a href="/wiki/Cadre_deployment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadre deployment">cadre deployment</a> in the public service. The conference resolved that the ANC should pursue a strategy of cadre deployment across "the key centres of power," including by establishing deployment committees at every level of the organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resolution was implemented from 1998, when the national deployment committee was founded under the leadership of Zuma, the newly elected ANC Deputy President.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following allegations of <a href="/wiki/State_capture" title="State capture">state capture</a> in later years, the cadre deployment policy has become controversial. </p><p>The conference also weighed in on the burgeoning controversy around the <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare_programs_in_South_Africa#Growth,_Employment_and_Redistribution_(GEAR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare programs in South Africa">Growth, Employment and Redistribution</a> policy (GEAR), a neoliberal macroeconomic policy introduced in 1997, and its implications for the ANC's flagship <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_and_Development_Programme" title="Reconstruction and Development Programme">Reconstruction and Development Programme</a> (RDP). The conference endorsed GEAR as a central part of the ANC's economic and social framework, and resolved that GEAR did not supplant the RDP but rather "aimed at giving effect to the realisation of the RDP."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:42_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:42-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite dogged criticism of GEAR in the past from within the party and its <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Alliance" title="Tripartite Alliance">Tripartite Alliance</a> partners, the resolution was adopted unanimously after fifteen minutes discussion, possibly because the leadership had engaged extensively with critics prior to the conference.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, the conference made modifications to the ANC constitution which are viewed as having consolidated executive power within the organisation. The constitution was changed such that national conferences would be held only every five years, instead of every three years, with national general councils introduced as the mid-term national meeting of the ANC.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This extended the term of the Top Six and NEC commensurately. The constitution was also changed to establish a "national list committee," composed of between five and nine members chosen by the NEC, which would control the election of parliamentary candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDuke1997" class="citation news cs1">Duke, Lynne (18 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/12/18/winnie-mandela-drops-bid-for-ancs-no-2-post/87c3f4b0-6190-46ea-8f18-23d5775be665/">"Winnie Mandela drops bid for ANC's no. 2 post"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Winnie+Mandela+drops+bid+for+ANC%27s+no.+2+post&rft.date=1997-12-18&rft.aulast=Duke&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1997%2F12%2F18%2Fwinnie-mandela-drops-bid-for-ancs-no-2-post%2F87c3f4b0-6190-46ea-8f18-23d5775be665%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A50th+National+Conference+of+the+African+National+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320020822/http://anc.org.za/show.php?id=2440">"50th National Conference: Credentials Report"</a>. <i>ANC</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anc.org.za/show.php?id=2440">the original</a> on 20 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANC&rft.atitle=50th+National+Conference%3A+Credentials+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanc.org.za%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D2440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A50th+National+Conference+of+the+African+National+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooysen2011" class="citation book cs1">Booysen, Susan (2011). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polity&rft.atitle=Patriarchy+robbed+Winnie+of+the+opportunity+to+be+the+first+woman+president+-+Malema&rft.date=2018-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polity.org.za%2Farticle%2Fpatriarchy-robbed-winnie-of-the-opportunity-to-be-the-first-woman-president---malema-2018-04-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A50th+National+Conference+of+the+African+National+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-09-26-eff-would-not-exist-if-winnie-madikizela-mandela-had-been-anc-president-lindiwe-sisulu/">"EFF 'would not exist' if Winnie Madikizela-Mandela had been ANC president: Lindiwe Sisulu"</a>. <i>Sowetan</i>. 26 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927020726/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-09-26-eff-would-not-exist-if-winnie-madikizela-mandela-had-been-anc-president-lindiwe-sisulu/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANC&rft.atitle=50th+National+Conference%3A+NEC+Election+Results&rft.date=2014-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anc.org.za%2Fshow.php%3Fid%3D2451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A50th+National+Conference+of+the+African+National+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anc1912.org.za/50th-national-conference-resolutions-building-the-anc-2/">"50th National Conference: Resolutions – Building the ANC"</a>. <i>ANC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109160432/https://www.anc1912.org.za/50th-national-conference-resolutions-building-the-anc-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANC&rft.atitle=50th+National+Conference%3A+Resolutions+%E2%80%93+Building+the+ANC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anc1912.org.za%2F50th-national-conference-resolutions-building-the-anc-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A50th+National+Conference+of+the+African+National+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anc1912.org.za/50th-national-conference-resolutions-economic-transformation-2/">"50th National Conference: Resolutions – Economic Transformation"</a>. <i>ANC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109160431/https://www.anc1912.org.za/50th-national-conference-resolutions-economic-transformation-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANC&rft.atitle=50th+National+Conference%3A+Resolutions+%E2%80%93+Economic+Transformation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anc1912.org.za%2F50th-national-conference-resolutions-economic-transformation-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A50th+National+Conference+of+the+African+National+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:42-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:42_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooysen2011" class="citation book cs1">Booysen, Susan (2011). "Policy, pursuit of the 'turn to the left' and the paradox of continuity". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E-xWuwEACAAJ&q=susan+booysen+african+national+congress"><i>The African National Congress and the Regeneration of Political Power</i></a>. Wits University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77614-166-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77614-166-1"><bdi>978-1-77614-166-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Policy%2C+pursuit+of+the+%27turn+to+the+left%27+and+the+paradox+of+continuity&rft.btitle=The+African+National+Congress+and+the+Regeneration+of+Political+Power&rft.pub=Wits+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-77614-166-1&rft.aulast=Booysen&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE-xWuwEACAAJ%26q%3Dsusan%2Bbooysen%2Bafrican%2Bnational%2Bcongress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A50th+National+Conference+of+the+African+National+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunusamy2014" class="citation web cs1">Munusamy, Ranjeni (7 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-09-08-the-road-to-perdition-how-the-anc-lost-its-way-one-conference-at-a-time/">"The road to perdition: How the ANC lost its way, one conference at a time"</a>. <i>Daily Maverick</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Maverick&rft.atitle=The+road+to+perdition%3A+How+the+ANC+lost+its+way%2C+one+conference+at+a+time&rft.date=2014-09-07&rft.aulast=Munusamy&rft.aufirst=Ranjeni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2014-09-08-the-road-to-perdition-how-the-anc-lost-its-way-one-conference-at-a-time%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A50th+National+Conference+of+the+African+National+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Twala, Chitja (2014-11-01). "The African National Congress (ANC) and the Cadre Deployment Policy in the Postapartheid South Africa: A Product of Democratic Centralisation or a Recipe for a Constitutional Crisis?". <i>Journal of Social Sciences</i>. <b>41</b> (2): 159–165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:10.1080/09718923.2014.11893352.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=50th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717194551/http://www.anc.org.za/events.php?t=50th%20National%20Conference%20-%20Mafikeng">ANC documents from the conference</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?97607-1/african-national-congress-party-conference">Mandela's political report at the conference</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/2f2ea4f99918e6b021a0a173e3e7a49d">AP footage of the conference (1)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_46_CIFsBE">AP footage of the conference (2)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SNrE8Cya9Y">AP footage of the conference (3)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blQ8-Wq5qRc">AP footage of the nominations</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Leaders" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008000;color:white;">President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Langalibalele_Dube" title="John Langalibalele Dube">John Langalibalele Dube</a> (1912–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefako_Makgatho" title="Sefako Makgatho">Sefako Makgatho</a> (1917–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Richard_Mahabane" title="Zacharias Richard Mahabane">Zacharias Richard Mahabane</a> (1924–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Tshangana_Gumede" title="Josiah Tshangana Gumede">Josiah Tshangana Gumede</a> (1927–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixley_ka_Isaka_Seme" title="Pixley ka Isaka Seme">Pixley ka Isaka Seme</a> (1930–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Richard_Mahabane" title="Zacharias Richard Mahabane">Zacharias Richard Mahabane</a> (1937–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bitini_Xuma" title="Alfred Bitini Xuma">Alfred Bitini Xuma</a> (1940–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moroka" title="James Moroka">James Moroka</a> (1949–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a> (1952–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Tambo" title="Oliver Tambo">Oliver Tambo</a> (1967–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (1991–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> (1997–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> (2007–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008000;color:white;">Deputy President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rubusana" title="Walter Rubusana">Walter Rubusana</a> (1912–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (1952–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Tambo" title="Oliver Tambo">Oliver Tambo</a> (1958–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> (1985–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> (1994–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> (1997–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a> (2007–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> (2012–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mabuza" title="David Mabuza">David Mabuza</a> (2017–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mashatile" title="Paul Mashatile">Paul Mashatile</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#008000;color:white;">Secretary-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Plaatje" title="Sol Plaatje">Sol Plaatje</a> (1912–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selope_Thema" title="Selope Thema">Selope Thema</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Msane" title="Saul Msane">Saul Msane</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li>Horatio L. Bud-M'belle (1919–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Mweli_Skota" title="TD Mweli Skota">TD Mweli Skota</a> (1923–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._J._Khaile" title="E. J. Khaile">E. J. Khaile</a> (1927–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Mdolomba" title="Elijah Mdolomba">Elijah Mdolomba</a> (1930–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Calata" title="James Calata">James Calata</a> (1936–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a> (1949–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Tambo" title="Oliver Tambo">Oliver Tambo</a> (1955–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duma_Nokwe" title="Duma Nokwe">Duma Nokwe</a> (1958–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Baphethuxolo_Nzo" title="Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo">Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo</a> (1969–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a> (1991–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a> (1997–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwede_Mantashe" title="Gwede Mantashe">Gwede Mantashe</a> (2007–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Magashule" title="Ace Magashule">Ace Magashule</a> (2017–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fikile_Mbalula" title="Fikile Mbalula">Fikile Mbalula</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="National Conference of the African National Congress"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">National Conferences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morogoro_Conference" title="Morogoro Conference">Morogoro</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="48th National Conference of the African National Congress">48th</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="49th National Conference of the African National Congress">49th</a> (1994)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">50th</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="51st National Conference of the African National Congress">51st</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="52nd National Conference of the African National Congress">52nd</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="53rd National Conference of the African National Congress">53rd</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="54th National Conference of the African National Congress">54th</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_National_Conference_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="55th National Conference of the African National Congress">55th</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%">Structure and wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Working_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="National Working Committee of the African National Congress">National Working Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="National Executive Committee of the African National Congress">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Executive_Committees_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="Provincial Executive Committees of the African National Congress">Provincial Executive Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Women%27s_League" title="African National Congress Women's League">ANC Women's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Youth_League" title="African National Congress Youth League">ANC Youth League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress_Veterans%27_League" title="African National Congress Veterans' League">ANC Veterans' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthuli_House" title="Luthuli House">Luthuli House</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ANC_Today" title="ANC Today">ANC Today</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_National_Congress" title="History of the African National Congress"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defiance_Campaign" title="Defiance Campaign">Defiance Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_People_(1955)" title="Congress of the People (1955)">Congress of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Charter" title="Freedom Charter">Freedom Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivonia_Trial" title="Rivonia Trial">Rivonia Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rivonia_Trial" title="Little Rivonia Trial">Little Rivonia Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMkhonto_we_Sizwe" class="mw-redirect" title="UMkhonto we Sizwe">uMkhonto we Sizwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Freedom" title="Radio Freedom">Radio Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Mahlangu_Freedom_College" title="Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College">Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Vula" title="Operation Vula">Operation Vula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisho_massacre" title="Bisho massacre">Bisho massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_House_massacre" title="Shell House massacre">Shell House massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Alliance" title="Tripartite Alliance"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Allied organisations</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_South_African_Trade_Unions" title="Congress of South African Trade Unions">Congress of South African Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Communist_Party" title="South African Communist Party">South African Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 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