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[o]" accesskey="o"> Masuk log</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting">pelajari lebih lanjut</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y">Kontribusi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimologi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Etimologi </button> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iman,_islam,_dan_ihsan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iman,_islam,_dan_ihsan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Iman, islam, dan ihsan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iman,_islam,_dan_ihsan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Muslim </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsep_ketuhanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsep_ketuhanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Konsep ketuhanan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konsep_ketuhanan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Konsep ketuhanan </button> <ul id="toc-Konsep_ketuhanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tauhid_(Monoteisme)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tauhid_(Monoteisme)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Tauhid (Monoteisme) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tauhid_(Monoteisme)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asmaulhusna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asmaulhusna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Asmaulhusna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asmaulhusna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zikir_dan_doa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zikir_dan_doa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Zikir dan doa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zikir_dan_doa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsep_ketakwaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsep_ketakwaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Konsep ketakwaan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konsep_ketakwaan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Konsep ketakwaan </button> <ul id="toc-Konsep_ketakwaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aqidah:_kepercayaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aqidah:_kepercayaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Aqidah: kepercayaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aqidah:_kepercayaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiqih:_ibadah_dan_muamalah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiqih:_ibadah_dan_muamalah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Fiqih: ibadah dan muamalah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiqih:_ibadah_dan_muamalah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adab_dan_akhlak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adab_dan_akhlak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Adab dan akhlak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adab_dan_akhlak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nabi_Islam_Muhammad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nabi_Islam_Muhammad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Nabi Islam Muhammad </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nabi_Islam_Muhammad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Nabi Islam Muhammad </button> <ul id="toc-Nabi_Islam_Muhammad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sebelum_mendakwahkan_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebelum_mendakwahkan_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Sebelum mendakwahkan Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sebelum_mendakwahkan_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dakwah_di_Makkah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dakwah_di_Makkah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Dakwah di Makkah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dakwah_di_Makkah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dakwah_di_Madinah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dakwah_di_Madinah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Dakwah di Madinah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dakwah_di_Madinah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber_hukum_dan_ajaran_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_hukum_dan_ajaran_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Sumber hukum dan ajaran Islam </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sumber_hukum_dan_ajaran_Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sumber hukum dan ajaran Islam </button> <ul id="toc-Sumber_hukum_dan_ajaran_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Al-Qur'an" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Qur'an"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Al-Qur'an </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Qur'an-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadis/Sunnah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadis/Sunnah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Hadis/Sunnah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadis/Sunnah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ijmak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ijmak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Ijmak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ijmak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Kias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sejarah </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Masa_pra_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa_pra_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Masa pra Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa_pra_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-609–632:_masa_kenabian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#609–632:_masa_kenabian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 609–632: masa kenabian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-609–632:_masa_kenabian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-632–661:_Khalifah_Rasyidin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#632–661:_Khalifah_Rasyidin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 632–661: Khalifah Rasyidin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-632–661:_Khalifah_Rasyidin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-632–Abad_ke-20:_Masa_kekhalifahan_selanjutnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#632–Abad_ke-20:_Masa_kekhalifahan_selanjutnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 632–Abad ke-20: Masa kekhalifahan selanjutnya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-632–Abad_ke-20:_Masa_kekhalifahan_selanjutnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Masa_Keemasan_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa_Keemasan_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Masa Keemasan Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa_Keemasan_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam_era_Modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam_era_Modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.2 Islam era Modern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam_era_Modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Era_kontemporer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Era_kontemporer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Era kontemporer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Era_kontemporer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masyarakat_dan_budaya_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masyarakat_dan_budaya_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Masyarakat dan budaya Islam </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Masyarakat_dan_budaya_Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Masyarakat dan budaya Islam </button> <ul id="toc-Masyarakat_dan_budaya_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demografi_dan_Denominasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi_dan_Denominasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Demografi dan Denominasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografi_dan_Denominasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sunni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Sunni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syiah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syiah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Syiah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syiah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hari_raya_dan_hari_besar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hari_raya_dan_hari_besar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Hari raya dan hari besar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hari_raya_dan_hari_besar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tempat_ibadah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tempat_ibadah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Tempat ibadah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tempat_ibadah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Lihat pula </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Referensi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Referensi </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Catatan kaki </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kutipan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kutipan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Kutipan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kutipan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Daftar pustaka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bacaan lanjutan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Islam</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 265 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-265" aria-hidden="true" > 265 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89seulam" title="Éseulam – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Éseulam" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислъам – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Ислъам" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8D%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%93" title="እስልምና – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እስልምና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allad%C5%8Dm" title="Alladōm – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Alladōm" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilam" title="Isilam – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Isilam" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="الإسلام – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإسلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%A0%DC%90%DC%A1" title="ܐܣܠܐܡ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܣܠܐܡ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="إسلام – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسلام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="الاسلام – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاسلام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইছলাম – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইছলাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slam" title="İslam – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İslam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ایسلام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسلام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Islam" title="Agama Islam – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Agama Islam" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islams" title="Islams – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Islams" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bajau Sama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Іслам – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іслам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Іслам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іслам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selam" title="Selam – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Selam" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Ислям – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ислям" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="အိစ်သာလမ်ဘာႏသာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိစ်သာလမ်ဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silameya" title="Silameya – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Silameya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ইসলাম – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসলাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="དབྱི་སི་ལམ་ཆོས་ལུགས། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱི་སི་ལམ་ཆོས་ལུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selleng" title="Selleng – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Selleng" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лалын шажан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лалын шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AC-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86-l%C3%A0ng-g%C3%A1u" title="Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ئیسلام – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیسلام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamu" title="Islamu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Islamu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0sl%C3%A2m" title="İslâm – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İslâm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Islám" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulunsi" title="Musulunsi – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Musulunsi" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slam" title="İslam – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İslam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%B0" title="އިސްލާމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިސްލާމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Ισλάμ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισλάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C%C5%9Blam" title="Ìślam – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ìślam" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamo" title="Islamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Islamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اسلام – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسلام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lislaamu" title="Lislaamu – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Lislaamu" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamediusk" title="Muhamediusk – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Muhamediusk" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islame" title="Islame – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Islame" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islaam" title="Islaam – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Islaam" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioslam" title="Ioslam – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ioslam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slam" title="İslam – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İslam" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="伊斯蘭教 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊斯蘭教" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioslam" title="Ioslam – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ioslam" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ايسلام – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايسلام" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A3" title="Islã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Islã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC" title="𐌹𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌼 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌼" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE" title="ઇસ્લામ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇસ્લામ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Islam" title="Yn Islam – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Islam" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musulunci" title="Musulunci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Musulunci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AE-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82-l%C3%A0n-kau" title="Yî-sṳ̂-làn-kau – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yî-sṳ̂-làn-kau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%CA%BBomana_Mohameka" title="Hoʻomana Mohameka – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Hoʻomana Mohameka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אסלאם – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסלאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamis" title="Islamis – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Islamis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iszl%C3%A1m" title="Iszlám – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iszlám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Իսլամ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսլամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իսլամութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իսլամութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80lak%E1%BB%A5%CC%80ba" title="Àlakụ̀ba – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Àlakụ̀ba" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamo" title="Islamo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Islamo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslam" title="Íslam – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íslam" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E6%95%99" title="イスラム教 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イスラム教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izlam" title="Izlam – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Izlam" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/musyjda" title="musyjda – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="musyjda" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ისლამი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისლამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tineslemt" title="Tineslemt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tineslemt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислъам – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Ислъам" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iizilaam" title="Iizilaam – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Iizilaam" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwikpaa%CC%B1pyia%CC%B1" title="Khwikpaa̱pyia̱ – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Khwikpaa̱pyia̱" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisilamu" title="Kisilamu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kisilamu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6" title="ឥស្លាមសាសនា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឥស្លាមសាសនា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EA%B5%90" title="이슬람교 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이슬람교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اِسلام – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِسلام" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eslam" title="Îslam – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îslam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio_Islamica" title="Religio Islamica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Religio Islamica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamiximo" title="Islamiximo – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Islamiximo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamu" title="Islamu – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Islamu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1" title="ສາສະໜາອິສະລາມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາສະໜາອິສະລາມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamas" title="Islamas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Islamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C4%81ms" title="Islāms – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Islāms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silamo" title="Silamo – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Silamo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihirama" title="Ihirama – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ihirama" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="ഇസ്‌ലാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്‌ലാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯝ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%BF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="အေဿလာမ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="အေဿလာမ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%BClam" title="Iżlam – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Iżlam" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eislan" title="Eislan – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eislan" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="အစ္စလာမ်ဘာသာ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစ္စလာမ်ဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ایسلام – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایسلام" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम धर्म – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इस्लाम धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इस्लाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islame" title="Islame – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Islame" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%96%DF%98%DF%8D%DF%AC%DF%9E%DF%9F%DF%8F%DF%AC%DF%A6%DF%8A" title="ߖߘߍ߬ߞߟߏ߬ߦߊ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߘߍ߬ߞߟߏ߬ߦߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islaamaa" title="Islaamaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Islaamaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE_%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE" title="ଇସଲାମ ଧର୍ମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇସଲାମ ଧର୍ମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пысылмон дин – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Пысылмон дин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਇਸਲਾਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਲਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islaam" title="Islaam – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Islaam" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="इस्लाम धम्म – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="इस्लाम धम्म" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islem" title="Islem – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Islem" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اسلام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسلام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اسلام – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسلام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Islamismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Іслам – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Іслам" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamu" title="Islamu – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Islamu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="इस्लाम्-मतम् – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इस्लाम्-मतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислаам – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ислаам" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اسلام – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسلام" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A1ma" title="Isláma – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Isláma" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lislam" title="Lislam – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Lislam" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ඉස්ලාම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉස්ලාම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اسلام – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اسلام" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyisalama" title="Uyisalama – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Uyisalama" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islaam" title="Islaam – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Islaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islami" title="Islami – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Islami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uislamu" title="Uislamu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uislamu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுலாம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுலாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ಇಸ್ಲಾಮ್ ಧರ್ಮ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಸ್ಲಾಮ್ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="ఇస్లాం మతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇస్లాం మతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ислом – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ислом" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="ศาสนาอิสลาม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาอิสลาม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9D%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8D%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%93" title="ምስልምና – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ምስልምና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4m" title="Isläm – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Isläm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0slam" title="İslam – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İslam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vusurumani" title="Vusurumani – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vusurumani" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ислам – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ислам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkramosom" title="Nkramosom – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nkramosom" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="ئىسلام دىنى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسلام دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Іслам – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іслам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اسلام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسلام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islom" title="Islom – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Islom" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93i_gi%C3%A1o" title="Hồi giáo – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồi giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slam" title="Slam – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Slam" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lislaam" title="Lislaam – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Lislaam" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99" title="回教 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="回教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%97%D0%BD" title="Лал шаҗн – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Лал шаҗн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ისლამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ისლამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D" title="איסלאם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איסלאם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80s%C3%ACn_Islam" title="Ẹ̀sìn Islam – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀sìn Islam" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yihswhlanzgyau" title="Yihswhlanzgyau – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yihswhlanzgyau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E" title="ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯兰教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99" title="回教 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="回教" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="伊斯蘭教 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊斯蘭教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Islam" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q432#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Islam" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label 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Anda hanya dapat melihat sumbernya. [e]" accesskey="e">Lihat sumber</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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</ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Islam">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Islam&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Islam" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Islam" hreflang="id">Wikibuku</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Islam" hreflang="id">Wikikutip</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q432" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24669155">.mw-parser-output .agama{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Symmetric_religious_symbols.svg")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .st{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/P_religion_world.svg")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .flex-container{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:green;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><caption class="infobox-title">Islam</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">الإسلام al-’Islām</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/250px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/375px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/500px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah</a> di <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>, markah suci dan <a href="/wiki/Kiblat" title="Kiblat">kiblat</a> umat Muslim</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">Agama universal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Penggolongan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Agama_Abrahamik" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Abrahamik">Abrahamik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci" title="Kitab suci">Kitab suci</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Teologi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monoteisme" title="Monoteisme">Monoteisme</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Bahasa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Klasik" title="Bahasa Arab Klasik">Arab Klasik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Daerah</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Pendiri</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Didirikan</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Jabal_an-Nur" title="Jabal an-Nur">Jabal an-Nur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Pecahan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Babisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Babisme">Babisme</a>,<a href="#cite_note-browne-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD" title="Baháʼí">Baháʼí</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Umat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam_menurut_negara" title="Islam menurut negara">1,9 miliar</a> (2020)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">seri</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/110px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/165px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Iman" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukun Iman">Rukun Iman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">Keesaan</a> <a href="/wiki/Allah_(Islam)" title="Allah (Islam)">Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaikat_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaikat (Islam)">Malaikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci_Islam" title="Kitab suci Islam">Kitab-kitab Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_dan_rasul_dalam_Islam" title="Nabi dan rasul dalam Islam">Nabi dan Rasul Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaumulkiamah" title="Yaumulkiamah">Hari Kiamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qada" title="Qada">Qada</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Takdir_dalam_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Takdir dalam Islam">Qadar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Islam" title="Rukun Islam">Rukun Islam</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syahadat" title="Syahadat">Syahadat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">Salat</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saum" title="Saum">Puasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji" title="Haji">Haji</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Studi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Studi Islam">Sumber hukum Islam</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">al-Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirah" title="Sirah">Sirah</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akidah" class="mw-redirect" title="Akidah">Akidah</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fikih" title="Fikih">Fikih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syariat" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariat">Syariat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Islam" title="Sejarah Islam">Sejarah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garis_waktu_sejarah_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Garis waktu sejarah Islam">Garis waktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahlulbait" title="Ahlulbait">Ahlulbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabat_Nabi" title="Sahabat Nabi">Sahabat Nabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khulafaur_Rasyidin" title="Khulafaur Rasyidin">Khulafaur Rasyidin</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah">Khalifah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamah" title="Imamah">Imamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_pengetahuan_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Ilmu pengetahuan Islam abad pertengahan">Ilmu pengetahuan Islam abad pertengahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyebaran_Islam" title="Penyebaran Islam">Penyebaran Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penerus_Nabi_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Penerus Nabi Muhammad">Penerus Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Budaya_Islam" title="Budaya Islam">Budaya</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunia Muslim">masyarakat</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Studi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Studi Islam">Akademik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlak" title="Akhlak">Akhlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_anak-anak" title="Islam dan anak-anak">Anak-anak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakwah" title="Dakwah">Dakwah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_menurut_negara" title="Islam menurut negara">Demografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekonomi Islam">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminisme_Islam" title="Feminisme Islam">Feminisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Islam" title="Filsafat Islam">Filsafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_raya_Muslim" title="Hari raya Muslim">Hari raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_hewan" title="Islam dan hewan">Hewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalender_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Islam">Kalender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khitan">Khitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_LGBT" title="Islam dan LGBT">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasah" title="Madrasah">Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid" title="Masjid">Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Musik Islam">Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_Islam" class="mw-disambig" title="Pendidikan Islam">Pendidikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perbankan_syariah" title="Perbankan syariah">Perbankan syariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukiah_(Islam)" title="Rukiah (Islam)">Rukiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_dan_cabang_Islam" title="Mazhab dan cabang Islam">Firkah, manhaj, dan mazhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni Islam">Seni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politik_Islam" title="Politik Islam">Politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puisi_Islam" title="Puisi Islam">Puisi/syair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_perbudakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan perbudakan (halaman belum tersedia)">Perbudakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_ilmu_pengetahuan" title="Islam dan ilmu pengetahuan">Sains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasawuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasawuf">Tasawuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanita_dalam_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanita dalam Islam">Wanita</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">Topik lainnya</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murtad" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtad">Murtad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritik_terhadap_Islam" title="Kritik terhadap Islam">Kritik</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Al-Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_hadis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap hadis (halaman belum tersedia)">Hadis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_agama_lain" title="Islam dan agama lain">Agama lain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Islamisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_kekerasan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan kekerasan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekerasan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terorisme_Islam" title="Terorisme Islam">Terorisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_perang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan perang (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofobia" title="Islamofobia">Islamofobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jihadisme" title="Jihadisme">Jihadisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraturan_perang_Islam" title="Peraturan perang Islam">Peraturan perang</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_istilah_Islam" title="Daftar istilah Islam">Daftar istilah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Islam" title="Templat:Islam"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Islam" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Islam"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Islam&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Islam (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: ٱلْإِسْلَام, <abbr title="transliterasi">translit.</abbr> al-’Islām, <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e5\/Ar-al_islam.ogg\/Ar-al_islam.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"dengarkan"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"id","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-al islam.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Ar-al_islam.ogg/Ar-al_islam.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Putar audio" title="Putar audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">dengarkan</a><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ar-al_islam.ogg" title="Berkas:Ar-al islam.ogg">ⓘ</a>) adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">agama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Din" title="Din">Dīn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: دٖين) <a href="/wiki/Monoteisme" title="Monoteisme">monoteisme</a> <a href="/wiki/Agama_Abrahamik" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Abrahamik">Abrahamik</a> yang berpusat terutama di sekitar <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a>, sebuah teks agama yang diimani oleh umat <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci" title="Kitab suci">kitab suci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kitabullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitabullah">kitābullāh</a>) dan firman langsung dari <a href="/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan">Tuhan</a> (muslim menyebutnya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Allah_(Islam)" title="Allah (Islam)">Allāh</a>) seperti yang diwahyukan kepada <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, nabi Islam yang utama dan terakhir.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19883-5">[5]</a> Pada 2020, Islam diperkirakan dianut oleh 1,9 miliar orang di seluruh dunia sehingga menjadi agama terbesar kedua berdasarkan jumlah populasi setelah <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Muslim percaya bahwa Islam adalah versi lengkap dan universal dari iman <a href="/wiki/Primordial" class="mw-redirect" title="Primordial">primordial</a> yang diturunkan berkali-kali melalui nabi-nabi sebelumnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim" title="Ibrahim">Ibrahim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musa" title="Musa">Musa</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Isa" title="Isa">Isa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yesus" title="Yesus">Yesus</a>).<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Wahyu sebelumnya ini dikaitkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a>, yang dianggap dalam Islam sebagai agama pendahulu spiritual.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Mereka juga menganggap <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a>, ketika disimpan dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Klasik" title="Bahasa Arab Klasik">bahasa Arab Klasik</a>, sebagai wahyu Tuhan yang tidak berubah dan terakhir bagi umat manusia. Seperti agama Abrahamik lainnya, Islam juga mengajarkan tentang <a href="/wiki/Hari_Kiamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari Kiamat">Penghakiman Terakhir</a>, di mana orang yang <a href="/wiki/Saleh" title="Saleh">saleh</a> akan dimasukkan ke <a href="/wiki/Surga" title="Surga">surga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jannah">Jannah</a>) dan orang yang jahat akan dihukum di <a href="/wiki/Neraka" title="Neraka">neraka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jahannam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a>).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Konsep dan praktik keagamaan termasuk <a href="/wiki/Rukun_Islam" title="Rukun Islam">Rukun Islam</a> —dianggap sebagai ibadah wajib— dan mengikuti hukum Islam (<a href="/wiki/Syariah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syariah">syarīʿah</a>), yang menyentuh hampir setiap aspek kehidupan, dari perbankan dan keuangan dan kesejahteraan hingga peran perempuan dan lingkungan. Kota <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem">Yerusalem</a> adalah rumah bagi tiga situs paling suci dalam Islam, dalam urutan menurun: <a href="/wiki/Masjidil_Haram" title="Masjidil Haram">Masjidil Haram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi" title="Masjid Nabawi">Masjid Nabawi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Al-Aqsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid Al-Aqsa">Masjid Al-Aqsa</a>, masing-masing.<a href="#cite_note-:15-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Muslim#Etmologi" title="Muslim">Muslim § Etmologi</a></div> Dalam bahasa Arab, Islam (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: إسلام, <a href="/wiki/Arti_harfiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Arti harfiah">har.</a> 'berserah diri [ke Tuhan]')<a href="#cite_note-Schimmel-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> adalah kata benda verbal dari <a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85#Arabic" class="extiw" title="wikt:أسلم">Bentuk IV</a> yang berasal dari kata kerja سلم (salama), dari <a href="/wiki/Akar_bahasa_Semit" title="Akar bahasa Semit">akar triliteral</a> س-ل-م (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0-L-M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Š-L-M (halaman belum tersedia)">S-L-M</a>), yang membentuk kelas kata yang besar yang sebagian besar berkaitan dengan konsep penyerahan, keselamatan, dan kedamaian.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Dalam konteks agama, ini merujuk pada penyerahan total kepada kehendak <a href="/wiki/Tuhan" title="Tuhan">Tuhan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Seorang <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> (مُسْلِم), kata untuk pengikut Islam,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Partisip" title="Partisip">partisip aktif</a> dari bentuk kata kerja yang sama, dan berarti "orang yang menyerah (kepada Tuhan)" atau "orang yang tunduk (kepada Tuhan)". Dalam <a href="/wiki/Hadis_Jibril" title="Hadis Jibril">Hadis Jibril</a>, Islam disajikan sebagai salah satu bagian dari tiga serangkai yang juga mencakup <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iman_(Islam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iman (Islam) (halaman belum tersedia)">imān</a> (iman), dan <a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">ihsān</a> (kesempurnaan).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito2000[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76_76–77]-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Islam sendiri secara historis disebut <a href="/wiki/Mohammedan" title="Mohammedan">Mohammedanisme</a> di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_berbahasa_Inggris" title="Dunia berbahasa Inggris">dunia berbahasa Inggris</a>. Istilah ini telah tidak digunakan lagi dan terkadang dianggap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_offence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religious offence (halaman belum tersedia)">menyinggung</a>, karena menyiratkan bahwa seorang manusia, bukan Tuhan, adalah pusat agama Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iman,_islam,_dan_ihsan">Iman, islam, dan ihsan</h3></div> Istilah islam juga merujuk kepada aspek hukum dan yurisprudensi di dalam ajaran agama Islam, bersama iman untuk aspek teologi dan ihsan untuk aspek moral.<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[21]</a> Istilah rukun islam (أركان الإسلام "pilar-pilar islam") dan rukun iman mengambil dari pengertian ini. Selanjutnya mengenai klasifikasi ini lihat bagian <a href="#Konsep_ketakwaan">§ Konsep ketakwaan</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim">Muslim</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a></div> Muslim adalah orang yang memeluk ajaran Islam dengan cara menyatakan kesaksiannya tentang <a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">keesaan</a> Allah dan <a href="/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi">kenabian</a> Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhy_Islam-22">[22]</a> Bentuk jamaknya adalah muslimin, muslimun, atau umat Islam. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsep_ketuhanan"> Konsep ketuhanan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Allah_(Islam)" title="Allah (Islam)">Allah (Islam)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21575556">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Audio-input-microphone.svg/50px-Audio-input-microphone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Audio-input-microphone.svg/75px-Audio-input-microphone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Audio-input-microphone.svg/100px-Audio-input-microphone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BERROUACHEDI_DJAMEL_VOICE.ogg" title="Berkas:BERROUACHEDI DJAMEL VOICE.ogg">Nama "Allah"</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="BERROUACHEDI_DJAMEL_VOICE.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/BERROUACHEDI_DJAMEL_VOICE.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/BERROUACHEDI_DJAMEL_VOICE.ogg/BERROUACHEDI_DJAMEL_VOICE.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Cara pengucapan nama "Allah" dalam bahasa Arab, yang khususnya dipakai oleh muslim.</div></div></div></div> </div> Konsep dasar mengenai ketuhanan di dalam Islam dijelaskan dalam satu surah bernama <a href="/wiki/Surah_Al-Ikhlas" title="Surah Al-Ikhlas">Surah Al-Ikhlas</a> yang hanya terdiri dari empat ayat. Ayat pertama dari surah ini menyebutkan bahwa Tuhan yang Maha Esa bernama Allah. Ayat kedua menjelaskan tentang kemampuan yang dimiliki-Nya sebagai Tuhan, yaitu sebagai tempat meminta segala sesuatu. Kemudian, pada ayat ketiga disebutkan sifat-Nya ialah tidak beranak dan tidak diperanakkan. Ayat keempat juga menyebutkan sifat-Nya yaitu tidak ada sesuatu apapun yang menyerupai-Nya.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Dalam ajaran Islam. Allah adalah satu-satunya Tuhan yang berhak disembah, memiliki nama-nama terbaik, dan memiliki sifat dan karakter tertinggi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201016-24">[24]</a> Ajaran <a href="/wiki/Monoteisme" title="Monoteisme">monoteisme</a> Islam disebut tauhid, yang didefinisikan sebagai pengesaan Allah dalam hal-hal yang menjadi kekhususan Tuhan dan yang Dia wajibkan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201015-25">[25]</a> Pengesaan Allah dalam hal-hal kekhususan Tuhan dibagi menjadi dua bahasan: tauhid rububiyah dan tauhid asma' wash-shifat, sedangkan pengesaan Allah dalam hal-hal yang Dia wajibkan dibahas dalam tauhid uluhiyah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201017-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tauhid_(Monoteisme)">Tauhid (Monoteisme)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">Tauhid</a></div> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Tauhid#Rububiyah" title="Tauhid">tauhid rububiyah</a>, Allah diakui sebagai satu-satunya Rabb (Yang Menguasai), sehingga semua selain Allah adalah ‘abd (hamba/budak/yang dikuasai).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201015-16-27">[27]</a> Allah adalah Rabb Yang Berkuasa dalam penciptaan, pengurusan, dan kerajaan alam semesta.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin200021-28">[28]</a> Allah sebagai satu-satunya Pencipta adalah juga Yang Memberi rezeki, Yang Menghidupkan, Yang Mematikan, serta Yang Memberi manfaat dan bahaya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaki2017-29">[29]</a> Allah yang mengurus segala sesuatu; semua urusan yang Dia tangani adalah kebaikan; dan Allah Mahakuasa terhadap apa yang Dia kehendaki.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaki2017-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sumber-sumber_hukum_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumber-sumber hukum Islam">Dalilnya</a> adalah ayat dalam Al-Qur'an, “Segala penciptaan dan urusan menjadi hak-Nya.”[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/7/54">Al-A'raf:54</a>]<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin200021-28">[28]</a> Allah juga diakui memiliki kesempurnaan <a href="#Asmaulhusna">nama</a> dan atribut (atribut esensial dan atribut aksidental) selain mencipta, mengurus, dan merajai alam semesta; hal ini dibahas dalam <a href="/wiki/Tauhid#Asma_wa_sifat" title="Tauhid">tauhid asma wa sifat</a> (keesaan nama dan sifat).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201017-26">[26]</a> Nama dan sifat Allah diketahui melalui dan ditetapkan dengan Al-Qur'an dan <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a> pada makna tersuratnya dan tidak bisa ditetapkan oleh akal semata.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin19846-8-30">[30]</a> Namun, nama dan sifat Allah tidak terbatas; selain dari yang disebutkan dalam Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah dirahasiakan dalam ilmu gaib-Nya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin19848-31">[31]</a> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Tauhid#Uluhiyah/Ibadah" title="Tauhid">tauhid uluhiyah</a>, Allah diakui sebagai Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dalam segala bentuk <a href="#Ibadah">peribadahan</a> dari seluruh makhluk-Nya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201017-26">[26]</a> Pengakuan Allah sebagai satu-satunya Rabb berkonsekuensi penyembahan makhluk kepada Rabb-nya semata.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201018-32">[32]</a> Ibadah atau penghambaan diri kepada Allah merupakan perbuatan makhluk untuk merendahkan diri kepada-Nya dengan mengerjakan perintah-perintah-Nya dan menjauhi larangan-larangan-Nya seumur hidup.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201021-33">[33]</a> Ibadah tidak boleh ditujukan sedikit pun kepada selain Allah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201026-34">[34]</a> Beribadah kepada selain Allah, meskipun juga menyembah Allah, adalah dosa yang paling besar dalam Islam yang disebut dengan syirik (mempersekutukan Allah), sebagaimana disebutkan dalam firman-Nya:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201026-34">[34]</a> <table style="width:640px;margin-left:40px;margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">Dan (ingatlah) ketika Lukman berkata kepada anaknya, ketika dia memberi pelajaran kepadanya, ”Wahai anakku! Janganlah engkau mempersekutukan Allah, sesungguhnya mempersekutukan (Allah) adalah benar-benar kezhaliman yang besar.” </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">وَإِذْ قَالَ لُقْمَانُ لِابْنِهِ وَهُوَ يَعِظُهُ يَا بُنَيَّ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّ الشِّرْكَ لَظُلْمٌ عَظِيمٌ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Aya-13.png/20px-Aya-13.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Aya-13.png/30px-Aya-13.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Aya-13.png/40px-Aya-13.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-left:17px;">—<a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/31/13">Luqman:13</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asmaulhusna">Asmaulhusna</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Asmaulhusna" title="Asmaulhusna">Asmaulhusna</a></div> Allah menjelaskan tentang nama-nama dan atribut-atribut ketuhanan di Quran.<a href="#cite_note-Whyislam_2014-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zikir_dan_doa">Zikir dan doa</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Zikir" title="Zikir">Zikir</a></div> Zikir dan doa adalah dua macam ibadah kepada Allah yang secara umum tidak memiliki batasan waktu dan tempat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697,_I/703,_II/7-36">[36]</a> Zikir secara bahasa artinya mengingat atau menyebut. Secara istilah, zikir mencakup ibadah memuji Allah, mengingat nama-nama-Nya, nikmat-Nya, keputusan dan <a href="/wiki/Takdir" class="mw-redirect" title="Takdir">takdir</a>-Nya, <a href="#Ajaran_Islam:_Takwa">ajaran agama-Nya</a>, serta janji balasan <a href="/wiki/Pahala" title="Pahala">pahala</a> dan ancaman siksa-Nya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697-8-37">[37]</a> Ibadah zikir mencakup zikir hati dan zikir lisan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/702-38">[38]</a> Zikir bertujuan untuk mewujudkan kesempurnaan peribadahan kepada Allah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697-39">[39]</a> Membaca Al-Qur'an juga termasuk zikir.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJawas20055-40">[40]</a> Doa secara bahasa artinya memanggil atau meminta. Secara istilah, doa mencakup panggilan pujian dan permintaan kepada Allah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009II/7-41">[41]</a> Setiap muslim diperbolehkan untuk berdoa meminta kebaikan atau berlindung dari keburukan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri20099-10-42">[42]</a> Allah memerintahkan untuk berdoa kepada-Nya dengan doa-doa yang terdapat di Al-Qur'an dan <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009II/10-43">[43]</a> Doa yang tidak terdapat di dalam Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah diperbolehkan selain doa yang melampaui batas, seperti meminta agar mengetahui segala sesuatu atau mengetahui hal <a href="/wiki/Gaib" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaib">gaib</a> karena itu merupakan kekhususan Allah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009II/10-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsep_ketakwaan">Konsep ketakwaan</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Iman" title="Iman">Iman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Hadis_Jibril" title="Hadis Jibril">Hadis Jibril</a></div> Inti dari ajaran Islam sekaligus sebab berbagai kebaikan adalah <a href="/wiki/Takwa" title="Takwa">takwa</a> kepada Allah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Taqwa_Sabab_Kull_Khair-44">[44]</a> Takwa adalah perbuatan menjalankan perintah Allah dan meninggalkan larangan-Nya yang dilandasi oleh rasa takut, harap, dan cinta kepada Allah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar20129-10-45">[45]</a> Seorang muslim menyembah Allah juga dalam rangka berharap masuk surga dan terhindar dari neraka.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar201211-46">[46]</a> Istilah takwa merupakan istilah yang paling banyak disebutkan di dalam Al-Qur'an. Adapun ayat yang paling menjelaskan tentang kedudukan takwa adalah:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsy-Syarif2017-47">[47]</a> <table style="width:640px;margin-left:40px;margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">Dan sungguh, Kami telah memerintahkan kepada orang yang diberi kitab suci sebelum kamu dan (juga) kepadamu agar bertakwa kepada Allah. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَنِ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-left:17px;">—<a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/4/131">An-Nisa’:131</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Ajaran ketakwaan Islam yang terkandung dalam Al-Qur'an dan <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">sunnah</a> (perilaku kehidupan Muhammad) dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan hadis berikut ini menjadi iman, islam, dan ihsan. Umar bin al-Khatthab berkata, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Pada suatu hari kami berkumpul bersama Rasulullah ﷺ , tiba-tiba datang seorang laki-laki yang bajunya sangat putih, rambutnya sangat hitam. Tidak kelihatan tanda-tanda kalau dia melakukan perjalanan jauh, dan tak seorangpun dari kami yang mengenalnya. Laki-laki itu kemudian duduk di hadapan Nabi ﷺ sambil menempelkan kedua lututnya pada lutut Nabi ﷺ . sedangkan kedua tangannya diletakkan di atas paha Nabi ﷺ . Laki-laki itu bertanya, "Wahai Muhammad beritahukanlah aku tentang Islam." Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab, "Islam adalah kamu bersaksi tiada tuhan selain Allah dan Muhammad adalah utusan Allah, mengerjakan shalat, menunaikan zakat, puasa pada bulan Ramadhan dan kamu haji ke Baitullah jika kamu telah mampu melaksanakannya." Laki-laki itu menjawab, "Kamu benar." Umar berkata, "Kami heran kepada laki-laki itu. Dia bertanya, lalu dia menilai jawabannya benar." Laki-laki itu bertanya lagi, "Beritahukanlah aku tentang Iman." Nabi menjawab, "Iman adalah engkau beriman kepada Allah, malaikat-Nya, kitab-kitab-Nya, para rasul-Nya, hari kiamat dan qadar (ketentuan) Allah) yang baik dan yang buruk." Laki-laki itu menjawab, "Kamu benar." Laki-laki itu bertanya lagi, "Beritahukanlah aku tentang Ihsan." Nabi menjawab, "Ihsan adalah kamu menyembah Allah seolah-olah kamu melihat-Nya, jika kamu tidak dapat melihat-Nya, maka sesungguhnya Dia melihatmu." Kemudian orang itu pergi. Setelah itu aku (Umar) diam beberapa saat. Kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ bertanya kepadaku, "Wahai Umar siapakah orang yang datang tadi?" Aku menjawab, "Allah dan Rasul-Nya lebih mengetahui." Lalu Nabi ﷺ bersabda, "Sesungguhnya laki-laki itu adalah [Malaikat] Jibril. Ia datang kepadamu untuk mengajarkan agamamu."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>HR. Muslim, 9<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[48]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Koranschool_op_Java_TMnr_10002385.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Koranschool_op_Java_TMnr_10002385.jpg/270px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Koranschool_op_Java_TMnr_10002385.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Koranschool_op_Java_TMnr_10002385.jpg/405px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Koranschool_op_Java_TMnr_10002385.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Koranschool_op_Java_TMnr_10002385.jpg/540px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_Koranschool_op_Java_TMnr_10002385.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah sekolah Al-Qur'an di <a href="/wiki/Jawa" title="Jawa">Jawa</a>. Oleh: Tropenmuseum, National Museum of World Cultures.</figcaption></figure> Dari segi keilmuan, semula ketiganya merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak terbagi-bagi. Namun selanjutnya para <a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">ulama</a> mengadakan pemisahan, sehingga menjadi bagian ilmu sendiri. Bagian-bagian itu mereka elaborasi sehingga menjadi bagian ilmu yang berbeda. Perhatian terhadap <a href="/wiki/Iman" title="Iman">Iman</a> memunculkan ilmu <a href="#Aqidah">Aqidah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">ilmu tauhid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kalam" title="Ilmu kalam">ilmu kalam</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">teologi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[21]</a> Perhatian khusus pada aspek Islam menghadirkan <a href="#Fiqih">Fiqih</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syariat_Islam" title="Syariat Islam">hukum Islam</a>). Sedangkan penelitian terhadap dimensi Ihsan melahirkan <a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">ilmu tasawuf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akhlak" title="Akhlak">akhlak</a>, dan adab (moral dan etika).<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200626-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyalabi198529-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aqidah:_kepercayaan"> Aqidah: kepercayaan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Akidah_Islam" title="Akidah Islam">Akidah Islam</a></div> Ajaran pokok dalam Islam adalah hal-hal yang menyangkut kepercayaan atau keyakinan hati terhadap <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>, para malaikat-Nya, kitab suci yang diturunkan-Nya, para utusan-Nya, dan peristiwa di kehidupan setelah kematian. Muslim juga mempercayai <a href="/wiki/Rukun_Iman" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukun Iman">Rukun Iman</a> yang terdiri atas 6 perkara, yaitu: <ol><li>iman kepada <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a>,</li> <li>iman kepada <a href="/wiki/Malaikat" title="Malaikat">malaikat</a> Allah,</li> <li>iman kepada <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitab Allah">kitab Allah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Injil_dalam_Islam" title="Injil dalam Islam">Injil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taurat_dalam_Islam" title="Taurat dalam Islam">Taurat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabur</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Suhuf" title="Suhuf">suhuf</a>),</li> <li>iman kepada <a href="/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi">nabi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Rasul" title="Rasul">rasul</a> Allah,</li> <li>iman kepada <a href="/wiki/Yaumul_Qiyamah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaumul Qiyamah">hari kiamat</a>, serta</li> <li>iman kepada <a href="/wiki/Qada" title="Qada">qada'</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Qadar" title="Qadar">qadar</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiqih:_ibadah_dan_muamalah">Fiqih: ibadah dan muamalah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Fikih" title="Fikih">Fikih</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Rukun_Islam" title="Rukun Islam">Rukun Islam</a></div> Aspek hukum dalam Islam meliputi berbagai amal perbuatan yang diperintahkan, dilarang, dan dibolehkan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200626-49">[49]</a> Amal-amal perbuatan tersebut dapat dibagi menjadi dua kategori dasar menurut arah hubungannya. <dl><dt>Ibadah</dt> <dd>Ibadah adalah amal perbuatan manusia berhubungan dengan Allah. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fikih_ibadah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fikih ibadah (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibadah</a> ada yang murni ibadah,<a href="#cite_note-51">[a]</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">Salat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Puasa" title="Puasa">puasa</a>; ada yang ibadah sosial,<a href="#cite_note-52">[b]</a> seperti <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Haji" title="Haji">Haji</a>. Keempat amal ini disebut sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Rukun_Islam" title="Rukun Islam">Rukun Islam</a>" setelah <a href="/wiki/Syahadat" title="Syahadat">syahadat</a>.</dd> <dt>Muamalah</dt> <dd>Muamalah adalah perbuatan manusia berhubungan dengan manusia lain. Hukum yang mengatur masalah <a href="/wiki/Fikih_muamalah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fikih muamalah">muamalah</a> dibagi lagi menjadi empat sub-bagian: <ul><li>hukum-hukum yang memastikan keberlangsungan <a href="/wiki/Dakwah" title="Dakwah">dakwah</a> Islam dan mempertahankannya. Hukum-hukum ini adalah yang dimaksud dengan <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a>. Jihad dapat berupa upaya bersenjata dan upaya tidak bersenjata.</li> <li>hukum-hukum keluarga untuk melindungi dan membina keluarga. Di dalamnya termasuk hukum pernikahan, perceraian, dan warisan.</li> <li>hukum-hukum perdagangan yang mengatur transaksi bisnis, kontrak sewa-pinjam, dan lain-lain.</li> <li>hukum-hukum pidana yang mengatur tindakan kriminal dalam masyarakat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200626-27-53">[51]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adab_dan_akhlak">Adab dan akhlak</h3></div> Bukan hanya ajaran kepercayaan dan hukum, ajaran Islam juga ada yang berkaitan dengan perbuatan hati dan jiwa, nilai-nilai moral, dan aturan perilaku. Islam mengajari agar semua muslim menghiasi diri lahir dan batin dengan mengembangkan sifat-sifat mulia yang tercakup dalam bidang ilmu tasawuf, adab, dan akhlak mulia .<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar1994147-54">[52]</a> Adab-adab dalam Islam:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Jazairy1964-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar1994-56">[54]</a> <ul><li>adab kepada Allah, termasuk adab dalam niat</li> <li>adab kepada Al-Qur'an</li> <li>adab kepada Muhammad sebagai utusan Allah</li> <li>adab kepada diri sendiri: taubat, muroqobah, muhasabah, dan mujahadah</li> <li>adab kepada semua makhluk <ul><li>berbakti kepada orang tua</li> <li>menyambung hubungan kekerabatan (silaturahim)</li> <li>berbuat baik kepada tetangga</li> <li>berbuat baik kepada anak yatim, fakir miskin, dan anak jalanan</li> <li>tidak mencela, berburuk sangka, memata-matai, maupun menyebarkan keburukan orang lain (gosip)</li></ul></li> <li>adab persaudaraan, cinta, dan benci karena Allah</li> <li>adab majelis</li> <li>adab makan dan minum</li> <li>adab bertamu</li> <li>adab bepergian</li> <li>adab berpakaian</li> <li>adab tidur</li></ul> Akhlak-akhlak terpuji dalam Islam:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Jazairy1964-55">[53]</a> <ul><li>sabar menghadapi cobaan</li> <li>bertawakal kepada Allah dan tidak hanya mengandalkan diri sendiri</li> <li>mendahulukan orang lain dan mencintai kebaikan</li> <li>adil dan berimbang</li> <li>kasih sayang</li> <li>malu</li> <li>melakukan yang terbaik</li> <li>jujur</li> <li>dermawan</li> <li>rendah diri, tidak sombong</li></ul> Akhlak-akhlak tercela dalam Islam:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Jazairy1964-55">[53]</a> <ul><li>lalim</li> <li>dengki</li> <li>menipu</li> <li>riya'</li> <li>bangga diri dan tertipu oleh dunia</li> <li>lemah dan malas</li></ul> Namun demikian, meskipun telah menjadi ilmu tersendiri, dalam tataran pengalaman kehidupan beragama, tiga perkara itu harus diterapkan secara bersamaan tanpa melakukan pembedaan. Tidak terlalu mementingkan aspek <a href="/wiki/Iman" title="Iman">Iman</a> dan meninggalkan dimensi <a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a> dan Islam, atau sebaliknya.<a href="#cite_note-:1-57">[55]</a> Misalnya orang yang sedang <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">shalat</a>, dia harus megesakan <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> disertai keyakinan bahwa hanya Dia yang wajib disembah (Iman), harus memenuhi syarat dan rukun shalat (Islam), dan <a href="/wiki/Salat" title="Salat">shalat</a> harus dilakukan dengan khusyuk dan penuh penghayatan (Ihsan).<a href="#cite_note-:1-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nabi_Islam_Muhammad"> Nabi Islam Muhammad</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">hadis</a></div> Sejarah dan keyakinan muslim menggambarkan Muhammad sebagai seorang manusia dan <a href="/wiki/Nabi" title="Nabi">nabi</a> yang memiliki jasa yang besar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19887-58">[56]</a> Biografi mengenai kehidupan awalnya tidak banyak diketahui; yang lebih banyak adalah catatan riwayat tentang kehidupannya setelah menjadi <a href="/wiki/Nabi_dan_Rasul" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi dan Rasul">nabi dan rasul</a> pada usia empat puluh tahun pada tahun <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19887-58">[56]</a> Al-Qur'an menjadi sumber informasi utama mengenai kehidupan Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19887-8-59">[57]</a> Di samping itu, <a href="#Hadis">hadis</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirah_nabawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirah nabawi (halaman belum tersedia)">sirah nabawi</a> (sejarah kehidupan kenabian) lebih jauh menggambarkan kedudukan dan perannya pada masa awal Islam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-60">[58]</a> Muhammad berperan sebagai penerima wahyu dari Allah dan sekaligus sebagai panutan agar semua muslim berusaha menirunya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-60">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sebelum_mendakwahkan_Islam">Sebelum mendakwahkan Islam</h3></div> Muhammad bin Abdullah (putra Abdullah) lahir pada tahun <a href="/wiki/570" title="570">570</a> M di <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a> (sekarang masuk <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888SinaiWatt2020-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[c]</a> Ayahnya yang merupakan seorang pedagang meninggal sebelum kelahirannya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201763-63">[60]</a> Ibunya, Aminah, meninggal saat Muhammad masih berusia enam tahun.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201769-64">[61]</a> Di permulaan masa mudanya, Muhammad tidak memiliki pekerjaan tetap di <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a> yang merupakan kota perdagangan yang sedang berkembang; banyak yang menyebutkannya bekerja sebagai penggembala kambing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201773Esposito19888-65">[62]</a> Pada usia 25 tahun Muhammad dipekerjakan oleh seorang janda kaya, <a href="/wiki/Khadijah_binti_Khuwailid" title="Khadijah binti Khuwailid">Khadijah binti Khuwailid</a>, untuk mengawasi angkutan dagangnya ke wilayah <a href="/wiki/Syam" title="Syam">Syam</a> (sekarang mencakup <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201774SinaiWatt2020-66">[63]</a> Muhammad membuat Khadijah terkesan atas hasil pekerjaannya yang mendatangkan keuntungan yang belum pernah ia dapatkan sebanyak itu–selain juga keterangan pembantu Khadijah yang menyertai perjalanan dagang itu tentang perilaku Muhammad–sampai Khadijah menawarkan diri kepada Muhammad untuk menikah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinaiWatt2020Al-Mubarakfuri201774-67">[64]</a> Saat menikah, Khadijah disebutkan telah berusia empat puluh tahun, tetapi pernikahan itu membuahkan dua anak laki-laki (Al-Qasim dan Abdullah, meninggal saat kanak-kanak) dan empat anak perempuan (Zainab, Ruqayyah, Ummu Kultsum, dan <a href="/wiki/Fatimah_az-Zahra" title="Fatimah az-Zahra">Fatimah</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201775SinaiWatt2020-68">[65]</a> Fatimah, putri bungsu Muhammad, adalah yang paling dikenal, yang menikahi sepupu Muhammad, <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib" title="Ali bin Abi Thalib">Ali bin Abi Thalib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khulafaur_Rasyidin" title="Khulafaur Rasyidin">khalifah</a> (“penerus”; penerus Muhammad sebagai pemimpin) keempat menurut Islam sunni dan imam sah pertama menurut <a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-60">[58]</a> Makkah merupakan pusat kemakmuran perdagangan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-60">[58]</a> Namun, masyarakatnya merupakan masyarakat kesukuan yang mudah bertikai.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri2017-69">[66]</a> Beberapa peristiwa yang menunjukkan hal tersebut, yang juga melibatkan Muhammad, adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertempuran_Fujjar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertempuran Fujjar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertempuran Fujjar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hilful_Fudul" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilful Fudul">Hilful Fudul</a>, serta renovasi <a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah</a> dan pemindahan <a href="/wiki/Hajar_Aswad" title="Hajar Aswad">Hajar Aswad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri2017-70">[67]</a> Peristiwa-peristiwa tersebut dan kondisi sosiologis lainnya ikut mempengaruhi Muhammad, yang menjadi seorang pribadi yang sukses di tengah masyarakat Makkah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-60">[58]</a> Dia dihormati atas sifatnya yang bisa dipercaya dan keputusan-keputusannya terhadap persengketaan; dia dikenal dengan gelarnya al-Amīn, “yang dapat dipercaya”.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201777-79-71">[68]</a> Kejujuran itu lengkap dengan kesukaannya merenung yang akhirnya membuat dia terbiasa menyendiri di <a href="/wiki/Gua_Hira%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Gua Hira'">Gua Hira'</a>–yang berjarak hampir dua <a href="/wiki/Mil" title="Mil">mil</a> di utara Makkah–saat usianya mendekati empat puluh tahun.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201781-72">[69]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cave_Hira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/150px-Cave_Hira.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/225px-Cave_Hira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cave_Hira.jpg/300px-Cave_Hira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1721" data-file-height="1976" /></a><figcaption>Gua Hira'.</figcaption></figure> Di sini, dalam waktu yang lama mengasingkan diri, dia merenungkan kehidupannya dan penyakit yang menimpa masyarakatnya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-60">[58]</a> Di sini, di usianya yang keempat puluh pada bulan <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, pada malam yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Lailatul_Qadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lailatul Qadar">Lailatul Qadar</a>, “malam kemuliaan”, Muhammad menerima wahyu pertama dari Allah melalui perantara Malaikat <a href="/wiki/Jibril" title="Jibril">Jibril</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-9-73">[70]</a> Wahyu yang turun adalah lima ayat permulaan <a href="/wiki/Surat_al-%27Alaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Surat al-'Alaq">Surat al-'Alaq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201784SinaiWatt2020-74">[71]</a> <table style="width:640px;margin-left:40px;margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(1) Bacalah dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan, </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/20px-Aya-1.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/30px-Aya-1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/40px-Aya-1.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(2) Dia telah menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/20px-Aya-2.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/30px-Aya-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/40px-Aya-2.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(3) Bacalah, dan Tuhanmulah Yang Mahamulia, </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/20px-Aya-3.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/30px-Aya-3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/40px-Aya-3.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(4) Yang mengajar (manusia) dengan pena. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/20px-Aya-4.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/30px-Aya-4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/40px-Aya-4.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(5) Dia mengajarkan manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/20px-Aya-5.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/30px-Aya-5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/40px-Aya-5.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-left:17px;">—<a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/96/1-5">Al-'Alaq:1-5</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Dengan turunnya wahyu ini, Muhammad diangkat menjadi nabi seperti nabi-nabi yang dikenal dalam agama-agama samawi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889-75">[72]</a> Setelah wahyu yang berikutnya turun setelah jeda beberapa hari,<a href="#cite_note-76">[d]</a> yaitu tujuh ayat permulaan <a href="/wiki/Surat_Al-Muddassir" class="mw-redirect" title="Surat Al-Muddassir">Surat Al-Muddassir</a>, Muhammad baru diutus sebagai seorang rasul (“utusan”) yang diperintah untuk <a href="/wiki/Dakwah" title="Dakwah">mendakwahkan</a> <a href="#Tauhid">tauhid</a> (monoteisme) dan memperingatkan masyarakatnya dari <a href="/wiki/Syirik" title="Syirik">kesyirikan</a> (politeisme).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201785-6Al-Barrak201038-77">[73]</a> Selama 22 tahun (<a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>-<a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a>), Muhammad terus menerima wahyu yang kemudian dikumpulkan dan ditulis menjadi Al-Qur'an (“bacaan”).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889-75">[72]</a> <table style="width:640px;margin-left:40px;margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(1) Wahai orang yang berkemul (berselimut)! </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/20px-Aya-1.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/30px-Aya-1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aya-1.png/40px-Aya-1.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(2) bangunlah, lalu berilah peringatan! </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">قُمْ فَأَنذِرْ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/20px-Aya-2.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/30px-Aya-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Aya-2.png/40px-Aya-2.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(3) dan agungkanlah Tuhanmu, </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">وَرَبَّكَ فَكَبِّرْ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/20px-Aya-3.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/30px-Aya-3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Aya-3.png/40px-Aya-3.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(4) dan bersihkanlah pakaianmu, </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">وَثِيَابَكَ فَطَهِّرْ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/20px-Aya-4.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/30px-Aya-4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Aya-4.png/40px-Aya-4.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(5) dan tinggalkanlah segala (perbuatan) yang keji, </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">وَالرُّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/20px-Aya-5.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/30px-Aya-5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Aya-5.png/40px-Aya-5.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(6) dan janganlah engkau (Muhammad) memberi (dengan maksud) memperoleh (balasan) yang lebih banyak. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">وَلَا تَمْنُن تَسْتَكْثِرُ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aya-6.png/20px-Aya-6.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aya-6.png/30px-Aya-6.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Aya-6.png/40px-Aya-6.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(7) Dan karena Tuhanmu, bersabarlah. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">وَلِرَبِّكَ فَاصْبِرْ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Aya-7.png/20px-Aya-7.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Aya-7.png/30px-Aya-7.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Aya-7.png/40px-Aya-7.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-left:17px;">—<a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/74/1-7">Al-Muddassir:1-7</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Hadis dari <a href="/wiki/Aisyah_binti_Abu_Bakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisyah binti Abu Bakar">Aisyah</a>, istri kedua Muhammad di kemudian hari, menceritakan betapa Muhammad ketakutan saat ditemui malaikat Jibril, yang sosoknya tidak pernah dia lihat sebelumnya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201783-4-78">[74]</a> Dia juga tidak begitu yakin dengan apa yang baru saja terjadi; apakah dia tidak waras atau kerasukan jin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889-75">[72]</a> Khadijah menenangkannya dan meyakinkannya bahwa dia tidaklah gila maupun kerasukan jin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201784-79">[75]</a> Khadijah segera mengajak suaminya itu menemui salah seorang sepupunya yang menganut <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kristen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waraqah_bin_Naufal" title="Waraqah bin Naufal">Waraqah bin Naufal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-80">[e]</a> dan Muhammad menceritakan kejadian yang baru saja menimpanya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201784-79">[75]</a> Mendengar itu, Waraqah mengatakan, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">Itu adalah makhluk kepercayaan Allah<a href="#cite_note-81">[f]</a> (Jibril) yang telah Allah utus kepada Nabi Musa! Andai saja aku masih bugar dan muda ketika itu! Andai saja aku masih hidup ketika engkau diusir oleh kaummu! ... tidak seorang pun yang membawa seperti yang engkau bawa ini melainkan akan dimusuhi, dan jika aku masih hidup pada saat itu niscaya aku akan membelamu dengan segenap jiwa ragaku.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201784-5-82">[76]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dakwah_di_Makkah">Dakwah di Makkah</h3></div> Bukanlah hal yang mudah mendakwahkan pesan mengenai Tuhan Yang Maha Esa di Kota Makkah karena kota ini adalah pusat agama.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201792Esposito198810-83">[77]</a> Muhammad mengawali dakwahnya secara sembunyi-sembunyi selama tiga tahun untuk menghindari hal yang akan memancing kemarahan penduduk Kota Makkah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201792-84">[78]</a> Di antara yang pertama menerima ajakannya adalah <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib" title="Ali bin Abi Thalib">Ali bin Abi Thalib</a>, sepupu dan menantunya yang saat itu masih kanak-kanak, dan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_ash-Shiddiq" title="Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq">Abu Bakar</a>, mertuanya di kemudian hari dan khalifah pertama.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198810Al-Mubarakfuri201792-3-85">[79]</a> Setelah itu, dia secara bertahap berdakwah secara terang-terangan mulai dari keluarga terdekat dari <a href="/wiki/Bani_Hasyim" title="Bani Hasyim">Bani Hasyim</a> sampai akhirnya kepada penduduk Makkah secara umum.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201796-10-86">[80]</a> Meskipun ada sejumlah orang yang masuk Islam menerima dakwahnya, perlawanan yang dia terima selama dakwahnya sangat hebat.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198810-87">[81]</a> Bagi masyarakat <a href="/wiki/Oligarki" title="Oligarki">oligarki</a> Makkah yang makmur dan kuat, pesan mengenai keesaan Tuhan, beserta penentangan terhadap gaya hidup Makkah yang tidak merata secara sosioekonomis, telah memunculkan penolakan langsung tidak hanya terhadap agama <a href="/wiki/Tradisi" title="Tradisi">tradisi</a> yang politeistik, tetapi juga terhadap kekuasaan dan hak istimewa yang telah mereka nikmati, serta mengancam kepentingan politik, sosial, dan ekonomi mereka.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198810-87">[81]</a> Muhammad mencela transaksi-transaksi tidak benar, riba, serta pengabaian dan eksploitasi terhadap <a href="/wiki/Janda" class="mw-disambig" title="Janda">janda</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yatim" class="mw-redirect" title="Yatim">anak yatim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198810-87">[81]</a> Dia membela hak-hak orang-orang miskin dan orang-orang tertindas, menekankan bahwa orang-orang kaya memiliki kewajiban atas orang-orang miskin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198810-87">[81]</a> Sebagai bentuk komitmen atas kewajiban itu, ditetapkanlah <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakat</a> atas harta dan produk pertanian dan perkebunan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198810-87">[81]</a> Persis seperti <a href="/wiki/Amos" title="Amos">Amos</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yeremia" title="Yeremia">Yeremia</a> sebelum dia, Muhammad merupakan seorang “pemberi peringatan” dari Tuhan untuk menegur para pendengarnya untuk <a href="/wiki/Tobat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobat">bertobat</a> dan bertakwa kepada-Nya, karena hari penghakiman sudah dekat: <table style="width:640px;margin-left:40px;margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(49) Katakanlah (Muhammad), “Wahai manusia! Sesungguhnya aku (diutus) kepadamu sebagai pemberi peringatan yang nyata.” </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا أَنَا لَكُمْ نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aya-49.png/20px-Aya-49.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aya-49.png/30px-Aya-49.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aya-49.png/40px-Aya-49.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(50) Maka orang-orang yang beriman dan mengerjakan kebajikan, mereka mem-peroleh ampunan dan rezeki yang mulia. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aya-50.png/20px-Aya-50.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aya-50.png/30px-Aya-50.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Aya-50.png/40px-Aya-50.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(51) Tetapi orang-orang yang berusaha menentang ayat-ayat Kami dengan maksud melemahkan (kemauan untuk beriman), mereka itu adalah penghuni-penghuni neraka Jahim. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">وَالَّذِينَ سَعَوْا فِي آيَاتِنَا مُعَاجِزِينَ أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَحِيمِ <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aya-51.png/20px-Aya-51.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aya-51.png/30px-Aya-51.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Aya-51.png/40px-Aya-51.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-left:17px;">—<a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/22/49-51">Al-Hajj:49-51</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198810-87">[81]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Awalnya, penduduk Makkah hanya berusaha agar orang-orang dari luar Makkah tidak mendengar dakwah itu dan melakukan perlawanan verbal dengan argumentasi dan celaan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri2017100-6-88">[82]</a> Kematian paman dan pelindungnya, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Thalib" title="Abu Thalib">Abu Thalib</a>, dan Khadijah pada tahun <a href="/wiki/619" title="619">619</a> menambah kesedihannya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198811-89">[83]</a> Perlawanan meningkat menjadi tindakan-tindakan <a href="/wiki/Persekusi" title="Persekusi">persekusi</a> sampai pemboikotan massal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198811Al-Mubarakfuri2017152-4-90">[84]</a> Karena kondisi di Makkah memburuk, Muhammad mengizinkan para pengikutnya untuk <a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">hijrah</a> ke luar Makkah, seperti Habasyah (<a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>) yang merupakan wilayah Kristen, untuk mendapat keamanan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198811-89">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dakwah_di_Madinah">Dakwah di Madinah</h3></div> Di <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>, Muhammad memiliki kesempatan sangat luas untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan dan menyebarluaskan dakwah atas perintah Allah, berkat posisinya sekarang sebagai nabi dan pemimpin masyarakat dari <a href="/wiki/Negara-kota" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara-kota">Negara-kota</a> Madinah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198811-89">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber_hukum_dan_ajaran_Islam">Sumber hukum dan ajaran Islam</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sumber-sumber_hukum_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumber-sumber hukum Islam">Sumber-sumber hukum Islam</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:FirstSurahKoran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/FirstSurahKoran.jpg/250px-FirstSurahKoran.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="425" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/FirstSurahKoran.jpg/375px-FirstSurahKoran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/FirstSurahKoran.jpg/500px-FirstSurahKoran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="1186" /></a><figcaption>Contoh halaman cetakan Al-Qur'an, terlihat halaman berisi <a href="/wiki/Surah_Al-Fatihah" title="Surah Al-Fatihah">Surah Al-Fatihah</a>. Surah tersebut merupakan surah pertama dalam Al-Qur'an.</figcaption></figure> <a href="#Fikih">Fikih</a> (hukum) adalah kajian keilmuan primer dalam Islam.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198875-91">[85]</a> Jika dalam <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">kekristenan</a> <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">teologi</a> adalah kajian primernya, dalam Islam, seperti halnya dalam <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a>, hukum lebih menjadi titik berat karena islam berarti tunduk kepada hukum Allah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198868-92">[86]</a> Meskipun demikian, penekanan pada ajaran hukum yang bersifat praktis tidaklah mengesampingkan ajaran kepercayaan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198868-92">[86]</a> Kepercayaan (iman) dan praktek yang benar (amal shalih) saling berkaitan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198868-92">[86]</a> Dalam masa pembentukannya, yaitu selama <a href="#Masa_kenabian">masa kenabian</a>, ajaran-ajaran dan hukum-hukum Islam diambil dari dua <a href="/wiki/Wahyu" title="Wahyu">wahyu</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sumber-sumber_hukum_Islam#Sumber_primer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumber-sumber hukum Islam">sumber primer</a>: Al-Qur'an dan sunnah.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar1994222Philips200619-93">[87]</a> Al-Qur'an berlaku sebagai sumber pokok dan <a href="/wiki/Cetak_biru" title="Cetak biru">cetak biru</a> untuk kehidupan Islami, sedangkan kehidupan sehari-hari Nabi (sunnah) berlaku untuk menerangkan prinsip-prinsip dalam cetak biru tersebut serta untuk menunjukkan cara mengaplikasikannya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips2006Asy-Syatsri2007218-94">[88]</a> Pada masa <a href="#Sahabat_Nabi">sahabat</a> ketika mereka bersentuhan dengan sistem pemerintahan, budaya, dan pola perilaku masyarakat yang baru yang belum pernah disinggung semasa kenabian, para <a href="#Khulafaur_Rasyidin">khalifah</a> dan sahabat lain harus menggunakan proses pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Ijmak" title="Ijmak">ijmak</a> (“<a href="/wiki/Konsensus" title="Konsensus">konsensus</a>”) dan <a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">ijtihad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200655-95">[89]</a> Dalam tahap perkembangannya pada masa <a href="#Kekhalifahan_Abbasiyah">Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah</a>, madzhab fikih bermunculan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200673-96">[90]</a> Para imam mazhab, seperti <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdullah_Muhammad_asy-Syafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Abdullah Muhammad asy-Syafi'i">Imam asy-Syafi'i</a>, dan ulama lainnya tetap menitikberatkan pada penggunaan Al-Qur'an dan sunnah sebagai sumber primer sebelum merujuk pada pendapat sahabat, baik pendapat konsensus maupun perseorangan, dan sumber atau metode penetapan hukum lainnya berupa qiyās (“analogi”), istiḥsān (“preferensi hukum”), dan ‘urf (“adat kebiasaan”).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200682-4-97">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a></div> Al-Qur'an adalah pokok dari semua argumentasi dan dalil.<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[48]</a> Al-Qur'an adalah dalil yang membuktikan kebenaran risalah Muhammad, dalil yang membuktikan benar dan tidaknya suatu ajaran. Al-Qur'an juga merupakan kitab Allah terakhir yang menegaskan pesan-pesan kitab-kitab samawi sebelumnya. Allah memerintahkan dalam Al-Qur'an agar kaum Muslim senantiasa mengembalikan persoalan yang diperselisihkan kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya: <table style="width:640px;margin-left:40px;margin-right:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:50%;">(59) Wahai orang-orang yang beriman! Taatilah Allah dan taatilah Rasul (Muhammad), dan Ulil Amri (pemegang kekuasaan) di antara kamu. Kemudian, jika kamu berbeda pendapat tentang sesuatu, maka kembalikanlah kepada Allah (Al-Qur'an) dan Rasul (sunnahnya), jika kamu beriman kepada Allah dan hari kemudian. Yang demikian itu lebih utama (bagimu) dan lebih baik akibatnya. </td> <td style="width:5%;"> </td> <td style="widht:45%;text-align:right;line-height:1.8em;">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنكُمْ ۖ فَإِن تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِن كُنتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Aya-59.png/20px-Aya-59.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Aya-59.png/30px-Aya-59.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Aya-59.png/40px-Aya-59.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="83" /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-left:17px;">—<a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/4/59">An-Nisa’:59</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198810-87">[81]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Mengembalikan persoalan kepada Allah, berarti mengembalikannya kepada Al-Qur'an.<a href="#cite_note-:2-48">[48]</a> Sedangkan mengembalikan persoalan kepada Rasul berarti mengembalikannya kepada hadits/sunnah Rasul. Meskipun Al-Qur'an menyatakan diri, “Inilah (Al-Qur'an) suatu keterangan yang jelas untuk semua manusia, dan menjadi petunjuk serta pelajaran bagi orang-orang yang bertakwa,”[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/3/138">Ali Imran:138</a>] yang disebutkan di dalamnya bukanlah aturan hukum yang komprehensif.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198879-80-98">[92]</a> Bagian demi bagian Al-Qur'an diturunkan secara berkelanjutan selama rentang waktu 22 tahun lebih untuk memecahkan persoalan yang dihadapi oleh Muhammad dan para sahabatnya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200619-99">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadis/Sunnah">Hadis/Sunnah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></div> Prinsip-prinsip dan nilai-nilai dalam Al-Qur'an dibakukan dan diejawantahkan oleh sunnah Muhammad, perilaku normatif Muhammad yang berfungsi sebagai contoh dan teladan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198880-100">[94]</a> Karena sama-sama merupakan wahyu meskipun dalam wujud yang berbeda dari Al-Qur'an, sunnah juga menjadi sumber hukum; yang kebanyakannya merupakan jawaban dari pertanyaan para sahabat atau penjelasan atas peristiwa yang tengah terjadi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200621-101">[95]</a> Kedudukan penting sunnah ini telah Al-Qur'an nyatakan dengan bentuk kalimat perintah, “Taatilah Allah dan taatilah Rasul (Muhammad), ... jika kamu berbeda pendapat tentang sesuatu, maka kembalikanlah kepada Allah (Al-Qur'an) dan Rasul (sunnahnya),”[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/4/59">An-Nisa’:59</a>] maupun dengan bentuk kalimat berita, “Sungguh, telah ada pada (diri) Rasulullah itu suri teladan yang baik bagimu (yaitu) bagi orang yang mengharap (rahmat) Allah dan (kedatangan) hari Kiamat dan yang banyak mengingat Allah.”[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/id/33/21">Al-Ahzab:21</a>]<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito198880-1-102">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ijmak">Ijmak</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Ijmak" title="Ijmak">Ijmak</a></div> Ijmak (إجماع)<a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a> adalah kesepakatan para ulama muslim dalam menetapkan suatu hukum dalam agama berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a> dalam suatu perkara yang terjadi.<a href="#cite_note-brown-56-105">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Forte-1978-7-106">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kias">Kias</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kias_(fikih)" title="Kias (fikih)">Kias (fikih)</a></div> Kias atau Qiyas (قياس) adalah penetapan suatu hukum<a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a> dan perkara baru yang belum ada pada masa sebelumnya namun memiliki kesamaan dalam sebab, manfaat, bahaya dan berbagai aspek dengan perkara terdahulu sehingga dihukumi sama.<a href="#cite_note-108">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a> Kias termasuk bagian dalam fiqh.<a href="#cite_note-uf-110">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Islam" title="Sejarah Islam">Sejarah Islam</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masa_pra_Islam">Masa pra Islam</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Arabia_pra-Islam" title="Arabia pra-Islam">Arabia pra-Islam</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a> sebelum kedatangan agama Islam merupakan sebuah kawasan perlintasan perdagangan dalam <a href="/wiki/Jalur_Sutra" title="Jalur Sutra">Jalur Sutra</a> yang menghubungkan antara <a href="/wiki/Indo_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo Eropa">Indo Eropa</a> dengan kawasan <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> di timur.<a href="#cite_note-111">[105]</a> Kebanyakan orang <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a> adalah penyembah berhala dan ada sebagian yang merupakan pengikut agama-agama <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdurrahman201216-20-112">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a> adalah tempat yang suci bagi bangsa Arab ketika itu,<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> karena di sana terdapat berhala-berhala agama mereka, telaga <a href="/wiki/Zamzam" title="Zamzam">Zamzam</a>, dan yang terpenting adalah <a href="/wiki/Ka%27bah" title="Ka'bah">Ka'bah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> Masyarakat ini disebut pula <a href="/wiki/Jahiliyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahiliyah">jahiliyah</a>, artinya bodoh, bukan dalam hal intelegensia namun dalam pemikiran moral.<a href="#cite_note-ambros-115">[109]</a> Warga <a href="/wiki/Quraisy" class="mw-redirect" title="Quraisy">Quraisy</a> adalah masyarakat yang suka berpuisi, dan menjadikan puisi sebagai salah satu hiburan di saat berkumpul di tempat-tempat ramai.<a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="609–632:_masa_kenabian"> 609–632: masa kenabian</h3></div> Islam bermula pada tahun <a href="/wiki/609" title="609">609</a> ketika wahyu pertama diturunkan kepada Muhammad di Gua Hira', 2 mil dari <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201782-117">[111]</a> Muhammad dilahirkan di <a href="/wiki/Makkah" title="Makkah">Makkah</a> pada tanggal <a href="/wiki/12" class="mw-redirect" title="12">12</a> <a href="/wiki/Rabiul_Awal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabiul Awal">Rabiul Awal</a> <a href="/wiki/Tahun_Gajah" title="Tahun Gajah">Tahun Gajah</a> (<a href="/wiki/571" title="571">571</a>). Ketika Muhammad berusia 40 tahun, ia mulai mendapatkan wahyu yang disampaikan Malaikat <a href="/wiki/Jibril" title="Jibril">Jibril</a>, dan sesudahnya selama beberapa waktu mulai mengajarkan ajaran Islam secara tertutup kepada para sahabatnya. Setelah tiga tahun menyebarkan Islam secara sembunyi-sembunyi, ia akhirnya menyampaikan ajaran Islam secara terbuka kepada seluruh penduduk Makkah, yang mana sebagian menerima dan sebagian lainnya menentangnya. Pada tahun <a href="/wiki/622" title="622">622</a>, Muhammad dan pengikutnya berpindah ke <a href="/wiki/Madinah" title="Madinah">Madinah</a>. Peristiwa ini disebut <a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">hijrah</a> dan menjadi dasar acuan permulaan perhitungan <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Islam">kalender Islam</a>, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Hijriah" title="Kalender Hijriah">Kalender Hijriah</a>. Di Madinah, Muhammad dapat menyatukan orang-orang <a href="/wiki/Anshar" class="mw-redirect" title="Anshar">anshar</a> (kaum muslimin dari Madinah) dan <a href="/wiki/Muhajirin" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhajirin">muhajirin</a> (kaum muslimin dari Makkah), sehingga umat Islam semakin menguat. Dalam setiap peperangan yang dilakukan melawan orang-orang kafir, umat Islam selalu mendapatkan kemenangan. Dalam fase awal ini, tak terhindarkan terjadinya perang antara Makkah dan Madinah. Keunggulan diplomasi Muhammad pada saat <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Hudaibiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjanjian Hudaibiyah">perjanjian Hudaibiyah</a>, menyebabkan umat Islam memasuki fase yang sangat menentukan. Banyak penduduk Makkah yang sebelumnya menjadi musuh kemudian berbalik memeluk Islam, sehingga ketika penaklukan kota Makkah oleh umat Islam tidak terjadi pertumpahan darah. Ketika Muhammad wafat di usia yang ke-61, hampir seluruh <a href="/wiki/Jazirah_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazirah Arab">Jazirah Arab</a> telah memeluk Islam. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="632–661:_Khalifah_Rasyidin">632–661: Khalifah Rasyidin</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Rasyidin" title="Kekhalifahan Rasyidin">Kekhalifahan Rasyidin</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Khulafaur_Rasyidin" title="Khulafaur Rasyidin">Khulafaur Rasyidin</a></div> Khalifah Rasyidin atau Khulafaur Rasyidin memilki arti pemimpin yang diberi petunjuk, diawali dengan kepemimpinan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakar">Abu Bakar</a>, dan dilanjutkan oleh kepemimpinan <a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Khattab" title="Umar bin Khattab">Umar bin Khattab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utsman_bin_Affan" title="Utsman bin Affan">Utsman bin Affan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abu_Thalib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali bin Abu Thalib">Ali bin Abu Thalib</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> Pada masa ini umat Islam mencapai kestabilan politik dan ekonomi.<a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> Abu Bakar memperkuat dasar-dasar kenegaraan umat Islam dan mengatasi pemberontakan beberapa suku-suku Arab yang terjadi setelah meninggalnya Muhammad. Umar bin Khattab, Utsman bin Affan dan Ali bin Abu Thalib berhasil memimpin militer Arab pada umumnya untuk memperluas wilayah negara Islam, terutama ke <a href="/wiki/Syam" title="Syam">Syam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>. Dengan takluknya negeri-negeri tersebut, banyak harta rampasan perang dan wilayah kekuasaan yang dapat diraih oleh Muslim.<a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="632–Abad_ke-20:_Masa_kekhalifahan_selanjutnya">632–Abad ke-20: Masa kekhalifahan selanjutnya</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Masa_Keemasan_Islam">Masa Keemasan Islam</h4></div> Setelah periode Khalifah Rasyidin, kepemimpinan umat Islam berganti dari tangan ke tangan dengan pemimpinnya yang juga disebut "khalifah", atau kadang-kadang disebut "amirul mukminin", "sultan", dan sebagainya. Pada periode ini khalifah tidak lagi ditentukan berdasarkan orang yang terbaik di kalangan umat Islam, melainkan secara turun-temurun dalam satu dinasti (bahasa Arab: bani) sehingga banyak yang menyamakannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan" class="mw-disambig" title="Kerajaan">kerajaan</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Aqidah.com-124">[118]</a> misalnya kekhalifahan <a href="/wiki/Bani_Umayyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Umayyah">Bani Umayyah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Bukhari-125">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bani_Abbasiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bani Abbasiyah">Bani Abbasiyyah</a>,<a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Bani Utsmaniyyah</a> yang kesemuanya diwariskan berdasarkan keturunan.<a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a> Besarnya kekuasaan kekhalifahan Islam telah menjadikannya salah satu kekuatan politik yang terkuat dan terbesar di dunia pada saat itu.<a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> Timbulnya tempat-tempat pembelajaran ilmu-ilmu agama, filsafat, sains, dan tata bahasa Arab di berbagai wilayah dunia Islam telah mewujudkan satu kontinuitas kebudayaan Islam yang agung.<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a> Banyak ahli-ahli ilmu pengetahuan bermunculan dari berbagai negeri-negeri Islam, terutamanya pada <a href="/wiki/Zaman_emas_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman emas Islam">zaman keemasan Islam</a> sekitar abad ke-7 sampai abad ke-13 masehi.<a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alatas-133">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam_era_Modern">Islam era Modern</h4></div> Luasnya wilayah penyebaran agama Islam dan terpecahnya kekuasaan kekhalifahan yang sudah dimulai sejak abad ke-8, menyebabkan munculnya berbagai otoritas-otoritas kekuasaan terpisah yang berbentuk "kesultanan"; misalnya <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Safawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesultanan Safawi">Kesultanan Safawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Seljuk" title="Dinasti Seljuk">Kesultanan Turki Seljuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mughal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Mughal">Kesultanan Mughal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Samudera_Pasai" title="Kesultanan Samudera Pasai">Kesultanan Samudera Pasai</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Malaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesultanan Malaka">Kesultanan Malaka</a>, yang telah menjadi kesultanan-kesultanan yang memiliki kekuasaan yang kuat dan terkenal di dunia. Meskipun memiliki kekuasaan terpisah, kesultanan-kesultanan tersebut secara nominal masih menghormati dan menganggap diri mereka bagian dari kekhalifahan Islam.<a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a> Pada kurun ke-18 dan ke-19 masehi, banyak kawasan-kawasan Islam jatuh ke tangan penjajah <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>. Kesultanan Utsmaniyyah (Kerajaan Ottoman) yang secara nominal dianggap sebagai kekhalifahan Islam terakhir, akhirnya tumbang selepas <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mann2004-138">[132]</a> Kerajaan ottoman pada saat itu dipimpin oleh Sultan Muhammad V. Karena dianggap kurang tegas oleh kaum pemuda <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> yang di pimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Pasya</a> atau Kemal Atatürk, sistem kerajaan dirombak dan diganti menjadi republik.<a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Era_kontemporer">Era kontemporer</h3></div> Pelopor modernisme Islam mempengaruhi gerakan politik Islam seperti <a href="/wiki/Ikhwanul_Muslimin" title="Ikhwanul Muslimin">Ikhwanul Muslimin</a> dan partai-partai terkait di dunia Arab,<a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> yang tampil baik dalam pemilihan setelah <a href="/wiki/Musim_Semi_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Musim Semi Arab">Musim Semi Arab</a>,<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> Jamaat-e-Islami di Asia Selatan dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partai_AK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partai AK (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai AK</a>, yang secara demokratis berkuasa di Turki selama beberapa dekade. Di <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, revolusi menggantikan monarki sekuler dengan <a href="/wiki/Negara_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Islam">negara Islam</a>. Lainnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Rasyid_Ridha" title="Rasyid Ridha">Rasyid Ridha</a> memisahkan diri dari modernis Islam <a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> dan mendorong untuk tidak merangkul apa yang dilihatnya sebagai pengaruh Barat.<a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a> Sementara beberapa diam , yang lain percaya pada kekerasan terhadap mereka yang menentang mereka bahkan Muslim lainnya, seperti <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">Negara Islam Irak dan Suriah</a>, yang bahkan akan mencoba untuk menciptakan kembali dinar emas modern sebagai sistem moneter mereka.<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> Namun Muslim atau negara Islam mana pun mengakui ISIS sebagai Muslim tetapi sebaliknya mereka dipandang sebagai ekstremis atau teroris. Menentang gerakan politik Islam, di <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> abad ke-20, militer melakukan kudeta untuk menggulingkan pemerintah Islam, dan jilbab dibatasi secara hukum, seperti yang juga terjadi di <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> Di tempat lain kekuasaan agama dikooptasi, seperti di <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>, di mana negara memonopoli ilmu agama dan sering dipandang sebagai boneka negara sementara Mesir menasionalisasi <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Al-Azhar" title="Universitas Al-Azhar">Universitas Al-Azhar</a>, sebelumnya merupakan kekuatan status pemeriksaan suara independen.<a href="#cite_note-economist-148">[142]</a> Salafisme didanai karena kepasifannya. Arab Saudi berkampanye melawan gerakan Islamis revolusioner di Timur Tengah, menentang Iran,<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> Turki<a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>. Minoritas Muslim dari berbagai etnis telah dianiaya sebagai kelompok agama.<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> Hal ini dilakukan oleh pasukan komunis seperti <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Merah" title="Khmer Merah">Khmer Merah</a>, yang menganggap mereka sebagai musuh utama yang harus dimusnahkan karena mereka menonjol dan menyembah tuhan mereka sendiri<a href="#cite_note-NYT-20160105-maps-152">[146]</a> dan Partai Komunis Tiongkok di Xinjiang<a href="#cite_note-Beydoun2018-153">[147]</a> dan oleh kaum nasionalis kekuatan seperti selama <a href="/wiki/Genosida_Bosnia" title="Genosida Bosnia">genosida Bosnia</a>. Globalisasi komunikasi telah meningkatkan penyebaran informasi keagamaan. Adopsi <a href="/wiki/Jilbab" title="Jilbab">jilbab</a> telah tumbuh lebih umum<a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a> dan beberapa intelektual Muslim semakin berusaha untuk memisahkan keyakinan Islam kitab suci dari tradisi budaya.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENigosian200441-155">[149]</a> Di antara kelompok lain, akses ke informasi ini telah menyebabkan munculnya pengkhotbah "televangelis" populer, seperti <a href="/wiki/Amr_Khaled" title="Amr Khaled">Amr Khaled</a>, yang bersaing dengan ulama tradisional dalam jangkauan mereka dan memiliki otoritas keagamaan yang terdesentralisasi.<a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito2010263-157">[151]</a> Penafsiran Islam yang lebih "individual"<a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> terutama mencakup Muslim Liberalyang mencoba untuk mendamaikan tradisi agama dengan pemerintahan sekuler saat ini<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito2004118–119,_179-159">[153]</a> dan isu-isu perempuan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERippin2001288-160">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Masyarakat_dan_budaya_Islam">Masyarakat dan budaya Islam</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografi_dan_Denominasi">Demografi dan Denominasi</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum_2012_green.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum_2012_green.png/300px-World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum_2012_green.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum_2012_green.png/450px-World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum_2012_green.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum_2012_green.png/600px-World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum_2012_green.png 2x" data-file-width="6970" data-file-height="3343" /></a><figcaption>Populasi Muslim dunia. Oleh: Pew Forum.</figcaption></figure> Sebuah data penelitian tahun 2015 memperkirakan 1.752.620.000 jiwa (24,1%) dari populasi dunia adalah muslim dengan angka pertumbuhan sejak 2010 adalah 31%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackettStonawski2017-161">[155]</a> Mayoritas muslim (61%) tinggal di negara-negara Asia-Pasifik; di <a href="/wiki/Timur_Tengah" title="Timur Tengah">Timur Tengah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> Utara adalah 20%; di Sub-Sahara adalah 16%, dan 3% di Eropa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackettStonawski2017-161">[155]</a> Jumlah muslim diperkirakan akan meningkat 70% pada tahun 2060 menjadi 2.987.390.000 jiwa; adapun <a href="/wiki/Kristen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen">Kristen</a> diperkirakan mencapai 3.054.460.000 jiwa pada tahun yang sama.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackettStonawski2017-161">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sunni">Sunni</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni">Sunni</a></div> Aliran Sunni atau Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah, merupakan aliran yang dianut mayoritas (75-90 %) Muslim di dunia.<a href="#cite_note-162">[156]</a> Istilah "Sunni" dapat diartikan sebagai golongan yang mengikuti <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a> (tradisi) dari Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> Sejumlah mazhab fiqih (hukum Islam) utama dalam aliran Sunni adalah <a href="/wiki/Syafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Syafi'i">Syafi'i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hambali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hambali">Hambali</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a> Akan tetapi, terdapat pemikiran <a href="/wiki/Salafiyah" title="Salafiyah">Salafisme</a> dalam aliran Sunni yang menolak mengikuti (taqlid) kepada mazhab-mazhab tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">Sufisme</a> Tasawuf dalam aliran Sunni didefinisikan sebagai ajaran pendalaman batin (<a href="/wiki/Asketisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Asketisme">asketisme</a>) kepada Allah, semisal dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Dzikir" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzikir">dzikir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a> Terdapat pula pemikiran <a href="/wiki/Wahhabisme" title="Wahhabisme">Wahhabisme</a> yang dicetuskan oleh <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a> sebagai paham ultra-konservatif yang dengan penekanan kepada "ajaran monoteisme murni" yang bersih dari segala "ketidakmurnian" seperti praktik-praktik yang mereka anggap <a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">bid'ah</a>, syirik dan khurafat.<a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-Virus_Wahabi-168">[162]</a> Wahhabisme menjadi paham Sunni yang berkembang di <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jihadisme_Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jihadisme Salafi">Jihadisme Salafi</a>,<a href="#cite_note-jihadist-169">[163]</a> atau umumnya sering diungkapkan sebagai "Jihadis" adalah sebuah paham <a href="/wiki/Salafisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafisme">Salafisme</a> yang dikembangkan menjadi bentuk-bentuk perlawanan yang mereka anggap sebagai <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a> untuk mencapai apa yang mereka sebut sebagai "Sunni sejati".<a href="#cite_note-jones-def-170">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> Mereka kadang-kadang disebut sebagai ragam dari Salafi dan terkadang dibedakan dari "Salafi yang baik".<a href="#cite_note-jihadist-169">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a> Beberapa gerakan pemberontak Muslim kebanyakan berasal dari paham ini.<a href="#cite_note-Kramer2003-173">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Syiah">Syiah</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a></div> Syiah dianut sebagai agama mayoritas di <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> Berbeda dengan aliran Sunni, aliran ini meyakini bahwa penerus Muhammad adalah <a href="/wiki/Rasyidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasyidin">khalifah rasyidin</a> keempat <a href="/wiki/Ali_bin_Abi_Thalib" title="Ali bin Abi Thalib">Ali bin Abi Thalib</a> sebagai menantu, sepupu, dan keturunan langsung <a href="/wiki/Bani_Hasyim" title="Bani Hasyim">Bani Hasyim</a>, keluarga Muhammad; sementara <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakar">Abu Bakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umar_bin_Khattab" title="Umar bin Khattab">Umar</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Utsman_bin_Affan" title="Utsman bin Affan">Utsman</a> tidak diakui sebagai khalifah umat Islam oleh pengikut Syiah,<a href="#cite_note-176">[170]</a> kecuali oleh sebagian kecil golongan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hari_raya_dan_hari_besar">Hari raya dan hari besar</h3></div> Hari perayaan dalam Islam secara umum dapat dibagi menjadi hari raya keagamaan dan hari besar lainnya. Hari raya keagamaan Islam ada dua, yaitu:<a href="#cite_note-177">[g]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[172]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idul_Fitri" class="mw-redirect" title="Idul Fitri">Idul Fitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idul_Adha" class="mw-redirect" title="Idul Adha">Idul Adha</a></li></ul> Sedangkan hari besar Islam lainnya, antara lain yaitu: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isra_Mikraj" title="Isra Mikraj">Isra Mikraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulid_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulid Muhammad">Maulid Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahun_Baru_Hijriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahun Baru Hijriyah">Tahun Baru Hijriyah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tempat_ibadah">Tempat ibadah</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Masjid" title="Masjid">Masjid</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r15025838/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:952px;max-width:952px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:244px;max-width:244px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:162px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg/242px-Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg/363px-Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg/484px-Great_Mosque_of_Mecca1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3891" data-file-height="2617" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:411px;max-width:411px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:162px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:2014-10-14-17h55m10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2014-10-14-17h55m10.jpg/409px-2014-10-14-17h55m10.jpg" decoding="async" width="409" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2014-10-14-17h55m10.jpg/614px-2014-10-14-17h55m10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2014-10-14-17h55m10.jpg/818px-2014-10-14-17h55m10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="2388" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:291px;max-width:291px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:162px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ISR-2013-Aerial-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ISR-2013-Aerial-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount_02.jpg/289px-ISR-2013-Aerial-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="289" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ISR-2013-Aerial-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount_02.jpg/434px-ISR-2013-Aerial-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/ISR-2013-Aerial-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount_02.jpg/578px-ISR-2013-Aerial-Jerusalem-Temple_Mount_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4444" data-file-height="2500" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left;background-color:transparent">Tiga masjid suci (dari kiri): <a href="/wiki/Masjidil_Haram" title="Masjidil Haram">Masjidil Haram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Nabawi" title="Masjid Nabawi">Masjid Nabawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masjidilaqsa" title="Masjidilaqsa">Masjidilaqsa</a>.</div></div></div></div> Masjid (bentuk tidak baku: mesjid) adalah rumah tempat ibadah umat Islam. Masjid artinya tempat sujud, sebutan lain yang berkaitan dengan masjid di Indonesia adalah <a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">musala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langgar" class="mw-redirect" title="Langgar">langgar</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Surau" title="Surau">surau</a>; istilah tersebut diperuntukkan bagi bangunan menyerupai masjid yang tidak digunakan untuk salat Jumat, <a href="/wiki/Iktikaf" title="Iktikaf">iktikaf</a>, dan umumnya berukuran kecil. Selain digunakan sebagai tempat ibadah, masjid juga merupakan pusat kehidupan komunitas muslim. Kegiatan-kegiatan perayaan hari besar, diskusi, kajian agama, ceramah dan belajar <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a> sering dilaksanakan di Masjid. Bahkan dalam sejarah Islam, masjid turut memegang peranan dalam aktivitas sosial kemasyarakatan hingga kemiliteran.<a href="#cite_note-Masdjid1-180">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Islam" class="extiw" title="commons:Islam">Islam</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> memiliki buku di: <div style="margin-left:10px;"><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/id:Islam" class="extiw" title="b:id:Islam">Islam</a></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Din" title="Din">Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabb" title="Rabb">Ar-Rabb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malik" class="mw-disambig" title="Malik">Al-Malik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilah" title="Ilah">Ilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bersuci_dari_hadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bersuci dari hadas">Bersuci dari hadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cendekiawan_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cendekiawan Muslim">Cendekiawan Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_topik_agama_Islam" title="Daftar topik agama Islam">Daftar topik agama Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Asyura" title="Hari Asyura">Hari Asyura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidayatullah" class="mw-disambig" title="Hidayatullah">Hidayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isra%27_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra' Mi'raj">Isra' Mi'raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemurtadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemurtadan">Kemurtadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Islam">Nabi Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perbankan_syariah" title="Perbankan syariah">Perbankan syariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puasa_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Puasa (Islam)">Puasa (Islam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_rupa_Islam" title="Seni rupa Islam">Seni rupa Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiratal_Mustaqim" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiratal Mustaqim">Shiratal Mustaqim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waktu_haram_puasa" title="Waktu haram puasa">Waktu haram puasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafus_Shalih" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafus Shalih">Salafus Shalih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Islam_di_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejarah Islam di Indonesia">Sejarah Islam di Indonesia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-browne-1"><a href="#cite_ref-browne_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=E.G._Browne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E.G. Browne (halaman belum tersedia)">Browne, Edward G.</a> (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/browne_babism">Bábism</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730061649/http://bahai-library.com/browne_babism">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-07-30. Diakses tanggal 2022-09-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=B%C3%A1bism&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=Edward+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fbrowne_babism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-bahai-idUSL225076120061127">"World's Baha'i connect with past in Israel"</a>. 20 Januari 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320082945/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-bahai-idUSL225076120061127">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-03-20. Diakses tanggal 2022-09-19 – via Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+Baha%27i+connect+with+past+in+Israel&rft.date=2007-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-israel-bahai-idUSL225076120061127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hunter, Shireen (2010). The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780253345493" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780253345493">9780253345493</a>. <q>Druze - Cabang dari Syiah; penganutnya tidak diakui sebagai Muslim oleh kaum ortodoksi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Islamic+Revivalism%3A+Diversity+and+Unity%3A+Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies+%28Washington%2C+D.C.%29%2C+Georgetown+University.+Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780253345493&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Shireen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Yazbeck Haddad, Yvonne (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199862634_s2g7">The Oxford Handbook of American Islam</a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199862634_s2g7/page/142">142</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780199862634" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780199862634">9780199862634</a>. <q>Sementara kebanyakan mazhab serupa dengan Islam yang normatif, Druze lebih seperti agama mandiri dengan interpretasi kitab yang berbeda. Druze dianggap pula berbeda dari Ismaili dan kepercayaan Muslim lainnya... penganut Druze juga tidak mengaku sebagai Muslim...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+American+Islam&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780199862634&rft.aulast=Yazbeck+Haddad&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780199862634_s2g7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19883-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19883_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205141406/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/number/all/">"Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050"</a>. Pew Research Center. 2 April 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/number/all/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2021-12-05. Diakses tanggal 21 Desember 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Religious+Composition+by+Country%2C+2010-2050&rft.date=2015-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2015%2F04%2F02%2Freligious-projection-table%2F2020%2Fnumber%2Fall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Reeves, J. C. 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Diakses tanggal 2022-10-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bible+and+Qur%CA%BC%C4%81n%3A+Essays+in+scriptural+intertextuality&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=90-04-12726-7&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=J.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWNId86Eu4TEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/themes/religion/index.html">"Global Connections . Religion | PBS"</a>. www.pbs.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213114929/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/themes/religion/index.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-13. Diakses tanggal 2022-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org&rft.atitle=Global+Connections+.+Religion+%7C+PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fglobalconnections%2Fmideast%2Fthemes%2Freligion%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, John L.</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588">"Eschatology"<img alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/14px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/18px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100913062714/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e588">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2010-09-13. Diakses tanggal 2022-10-16 – via Oxford Islamic Studies Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Islam&rft.atitle=Eschatology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft125%2Fe588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-10"><a href="#cite_ref-:15_10-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Coulson, Noel James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shariah">"Sharīʿah"<img alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/14px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/18px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221011075413/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shariah">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-10-11. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shar%C4%AB%CA%BFah&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Coulson&rft.aufirst=Noel+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FShariah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  (See also: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122164555/https://www.lexico.com/definition/sharia">sharia</a>" via <a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a>.) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaroslav_Trofimov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaroslav Trofimov (halaman belum tersedia)">Trofimov, Yaroslav</a>. 2008. The Siege of Mecca: The 1979 Uprising at Islam's Holiest Shrine. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knopf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knopf (halaman belum tersedia)">Knopf</a>. New York. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-307-47290-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-307-47290-8">978-0-307-47290-8</a>. p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-Schimmel-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Schimmel_12-0">^</a> Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Schimmel</code></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220509110220/https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam">"Definition of Islam | Dictionary.com"</a>. www.dictionary.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/islam">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 2022-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Islam+%7C+Dictionary.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fislam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Haywood, John (2002). Historical Atlas of the Medieval World (AD 600 - 1492) (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-1st). Spain: Barnes & Noble, Inc. hlm. 3.13. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7607-1975-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7607-1975-6">0-7607-1975-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Atlas+of+the+Medieval+World+%28AD+600+-+1492%29&rft.place=Spain&rft.pages=3.13&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7607-1975-6&rft.aulast=Haywood&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm">Siin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907230044/http://www.studyquran.co.uk/20_SIIN.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 7 September 2011 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.." Lane's Lexicon 4. – via <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Study_Quran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Study Quran (halaman belum tersedia)">StudyQuran</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Lewis, Barnard; Churchill, Buntzie Ellis (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi">Islam: The Religion and The People</a>. Wharton School Publishing. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamreligionpeo00lewi/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-13-223085-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-13-223085-8">978-0-13-223085-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+The+Religion+and+The+People&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Wharton+School+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-13-223085-8&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Barnard&rft.au=Churchill%2C+Buntzie+Ellis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamreligionpeo00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190913192608/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/muslim">Muslim</a>." <a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a>. UK: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito2000[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76_76–77]-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito2000[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76_76–77]_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito2000">Esposito (2000)</a>, hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00john/page/76">76–77</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Mahmutćehajić, Rusmir (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm">The mosque: the heart of submission<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fordham_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fordham University Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Fordham University Press</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mosqueheartsubmi00mahm/page/n104">84</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8232-2584-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8232-2584-2">978-0-8232-2584-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mosque%3A+the+heart+of+submission&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8232-2584-2&rft.aulast=Mahmut%C4%87ehaji%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Rusmir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmosqueheartsubmi00mahm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gibb, Sir Hamilton (1969). Mohammedanism: an historical survey. Oxford University Press. hlm. 1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780195002454" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780195002454">9780195002454</a>. <q>Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mohammedanism%3A+an+historical+survey&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780195002454&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Sir+Hamilton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book">1978-, Anam, Choirul,. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/945650142">Pemikiran KH. Achmad Siddiq tentang: aqidah, syari'ah dan tasawwuf, khitthah NU 1926, hubungan agama dan Pancasila, negara kesatuan RI bentuk final, watak sosial Ahlussunnah, seni dan agama</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/945650142">945650142</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pemikiran+KH.+Achmad+Siddiq+tentang%3A+aqidah%2C+syari%27ah+dan+tasawwuf%2C+khitthah+NU+1926%2C+hubungan+agama+dan+Pancasila%2C+negara+kesatuan+RI+bentuk+final%2C+watak+sosial+Ahlussunnah%2C+seni+dan+agama&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F945650142&rft.aulast=1978-&rft.aufirst=Anam%2C+Choirul%2C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F945650142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhy_Islam-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhy_Islam_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhy_Islam">Why Islam</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Nuruddin, Muhammad (2021). Hal-Hal yang Membingungkan Seputar Tuhan. Depok: Keira. hlm. 78. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-7754-64-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-7754-64-0">978-623-7754-64-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hal-Hal+yang+Membingungkan+Seputar+Tuhan&rft.place=Depok&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Keira&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-623-7754-64-0&rft.aulast=Nuruddin&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201016-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201016_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2010">At-Tuwaijiri 2010</a>, hlm. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201015-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201015_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2010">At-Tuwaijiri 2010</a>, hlm. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201017-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201017_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201017_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201017_26-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2010">At-Tuwaijiri 2010</a>, hlm. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201015-16-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201015-16_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2010">At-Tuwaijiri 2010</a>, hlm. 15-16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin200021-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin200021_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin200021_28-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Utsaimin2000">Al-Utsaimin 2000</a>, hlm. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaki2017-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaki2017_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaki2017_29-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFZaki2017">Zaki 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin19846-8-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin19846-8_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Utsaimin1984">Al-Utsaimin 1984</a>, hlm. 6-8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin19848-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Utsaimin19848_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Utsaimin1984">Al-Utsaimin 1984</a>, hlm. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201018-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201018_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2010">At-Tuwaijiri 2010</a>, hlm. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201021-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201021_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2010">At-Tuwaijiri 2010</a>, hlm. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201026-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201026_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri201026_34-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2010">At-Tuwaijiri 2010</a>, hlm. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-Whyislam_2014-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Whyislam_2014_35-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whyislam.org/allah/god/names-and-attributes-of-allah/">"The Names and Attributes of Allah"</a>. WhyIslam?. 25 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309143733/https://www.whyislam.org/allah/god/names-and-attributes-of-allah/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-03-09. Diakses tanggal 18 Maret 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WhyIslam%3F&rft.atitle=The+Names+and+Attributes+of+Allah&rft.date=2014-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whyislam.org%2Fallah%2Fgod%2Fnames-and-attributes-of-allah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697,_I/703,_II/7-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697,_I/703,_II/7_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2009">At-Tuwaijiri 2009</a>, hlm. I/697, I/703, II/7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697-8-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697-8_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2009">At-Tuwaijiri 2009</a>, hlm. I/697-8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/702-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/702_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2009">At-Tuwaijiri 2009</a>, hlm. I/702. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009I/697_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2009">At-Tuwaijiri 2009</a>, hlm. I/697. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJawas20055-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJawas20055_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJawas2005">Jawas 2005</a>, hlm. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009II/7-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009II/7_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2009">At-Tuwaijiri 2009</a>, hlm. II/7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri20099-10-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri20099-10_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2009">At-Tuwaijiri 2009</a>, hlm. 9-10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009II/10-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009II/10_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Tuwaijiri2009II/10_43-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2009">At-Tuwaijiri 2009</a>, hlm. II/10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAt-Taqwa_Sabab_Kull_Khair-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAt-Taqwa_Sabab_Kull_Khair_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAt-Taqwa_Sabab_Kull_Khair">At-Taqwa Sabab Kull Khair</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar20129-10-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar20129-10_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Asyqar2012">Al-Asyqar 2012</a>, hlm. 9-10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar201211-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar201211_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Asyqar2012">Al-Asyqar 2012</a>, hlm. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsy-Syarif2017-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsy-Syarif2017_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAsy-Syarif2017">Asy-Syarif 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_48-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/808811005">Risalah ahlussunnah wal-jama'ah : dari pembiasaan menuju pemahaman dan pembelaan akidah-amaliah NU</a>. N.U.. Pengurus Wilayah Jawa Timur. Tim Aswaja (edisi ke-Cet. 1). Surabaya: Khalista. 2012. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-979-1353-36-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-979-1353-36-6">978-979-1353-36-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/808811005">808811005</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164025/https://www.worldcat.org/title/808811005">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-19. Diakses tanggal 2022-05-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Risalah+ahlussunnah+wal-jama%27ah+%3A+dari+pembiasaan+menuju+pemahaman+dan+pembelaan+akidah-amaliah+NU&rft.place=Surabaya&rft.edition=Cet.+1&rft.pub=Khalista&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F808811005&rft.isbn=978-979-1353-36-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F808811005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200626-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilips200626_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilips200626_49-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPhilips2006">Philips 2006</a>, hlm. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyalabi198529-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyalabi198529_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSyalabi1985">Syalabi 1985</a>, hlm. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilips200626-27-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilips200626-27_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPhilips2006">Philips 2006</a>, hlm. 26-27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar1994147-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar1994147_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Asyqar1994">Al-Asyqar 1994</a>, hlm. 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Jazairy1964-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Jazairy1964_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Jazairy1964_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Jazairy1964_55-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Jazairy1964">Al-Jazairy 1964</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar1994-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Asyqar1994_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Asyqar1994">Al-Asyqar 1994</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Abdusshomad, Muhyiddin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/606237527">Hujjah NU : akidah, amaliah, tradisi</a> (edisi ke-Cet. 1). Surabaya: Khalista. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-979-1353-06-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-979-1353-06-9">978-979-1353-06-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/606237527">606237527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hujjah+NU+%3A+akidah%2C+amaliah%2C+tradisi&rft.place=Surabaya&rft.edition=Cet.+1&rft.pub=Khalista&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F606237527&rft.isbn=978-979-1353-06-9&rft.aulast=Abdusshomad&rft.aufirst=Muhyiddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F606237527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19887-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19887_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19887_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19887-8-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19887-8_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 7-8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888_60-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888_60-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888_60-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888_60-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888_60-5">f</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888SinaiWatt2020-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888SinaiWatt2020_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8; <a href="#CITEREFSinaiWatt2020">Sinai & Watt 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201763-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201763_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201769-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201769_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 69. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201773Esposito19888-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201773Esposito19888_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 73; <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201774SinaiWatt2020-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201774SinaiWatt2020_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 74; <a href="#CITEREFSinaiWatt2020">Sinai & Watt 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinaiWatt2020Al-Mubarakfuri201774-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinaiWatt2020Al-Mubarakfuri201774_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSinaiWatt2020">Sinai & Watt 2020</a>; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201775SinaiWatt2020-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201775SinaiWatt2020_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 75; <a href="#CITEREFSinaiWatt2020">Sinai & Watt 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri2017-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri2017_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri2017-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri2017_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201777-79-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201777-79_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 77-79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201781-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888Al-Mubarakfuri201781_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-9-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19888-9_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 8-9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201784SinaiWatt2020-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201784SinaiWatt2020_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 9; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 84; <a href="#CITEREFSinaiWatt2020">Sinai & Watt 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889_75-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201785-6Al-Barrak201038-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201785-6Al-Barrak201038_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 85-6; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Barrak2010">Al-Barrak 2010</a>, hlm. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201783-4-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201783-4_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 9; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 83-4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201784-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201784_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito19889Al-Mubarakfuri201784_79-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 9; <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201784-5-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201784-5_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 84-5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201792Esposito198810-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201792Esposito198810_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 92; 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Puspa Swara. hlm. 19. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9791479852" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 979-1479-85-2</a>, 9789791479851. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807041613/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=NU4tCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&dq=quraisy+puisi&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0vo7ei4nNAhWIq48KHbybC4cQuwUIPTAG#v=onepage&q=quraisy%20puisi&f=false">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-07. Diakses tanggal 2016-06-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Best+Stories+Umar+Bin+Khaththab&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Puspa+Swara&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Nu%27mani&rft.aufirst=Syekh+Maulana+Shilbi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNU4tCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19%26dq%3Dquraisy%2Bpuisi%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj0vo7ei4nNAhWIq48KHbybC4cQuwUIPTAG%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dquraisy%2520puisi%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201782-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Mubarakfuri201782_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Azyumardi Azra (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesiaislamde0000azra">Indonesia, Islam, and Democracy: Dynamics in a Global Context</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Equinox_Publishing_(London)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equinox Publishing (London) (halaman belum tersedia)">Equinox Publishing (London)</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indonesiaislamde0000azra/page/9">9</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789799988812" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9789799988812">9789799988812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesia%2C+Islam%2C+and+Democracy%3A+Dynamics+in+a+Global+Context&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing+%28London%29&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9789799988812&rft.au=Azyumardi+Azra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findonesiaislamde0000azra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <cite class="citation book">C. T. R. Hewer; Allan Anderson (2006). Understanding Islam: The First Ten Steps (edisi ke-illustrated). Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd. hlm. 37. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780334040323" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780334040323">9780334040323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Islam%3A+The+First+Ten+Steps&rft.pages=37&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Hymns+Ancient+and+Modern+Ltd&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780334040323&rft.au=C.+T.+R.+Hewer&rft.au=Allan+Anderson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Anheier, Helmut K.; Juergensmeyer, Mark, ed. (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Studies. Sage Publications. hlm. 151. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781412994224" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781412994224">9781412994224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Global+Studies&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781412994224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Claire Alkouatli (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam0000alko">Islam<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a> (edisi ke-illustrated, annotated). Marshall Cavendish. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam0000alko/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780761421207" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780761421207">9780761421207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam&rft.pages=44&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+annotated&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780761421207&rft.au=Claire+Alkouatli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislam0000alko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAli(2019)" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Jawwad_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawwad Ali">Ali, Jawwad</a> (2019) [1956-1960]. 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Diakses tanggal 2020-09-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8++%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.place=Tangerang+Selatan&rft.pages=165-166&rft.pub=PT++Pustaka+Alvabet&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-602-6577-28-3&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Jawwad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokoalvabet.com%2Fhome%2F574-sejarah-arab-sebelum-islam-buku-5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Rein_Taagepera" title="Rein Taagepera">Rein Taagepera</a> (September 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807">"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Studies_Quarterly" title="International Studies Quarterly">International Studies Quarterly</a>. 41 (3): 495. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053">10.1111/0020-8833.00053</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2600793">2600793</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119114740/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3cn68807">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-19. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Expansion+and+Contraction+Patterns+of+Large+Polities%3A+Context+for+Russia&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=495&rft.date=1997-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F0020-8833.00053&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2600793&rft.au=Rein+Taagepera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F3cn68807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Aqidah.com-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Aqidah.com_124-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Aqidah.Com (December 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aqidah.com/creed/articles/kyvik-the-khilaafah-lasted-for-30-years-then-there-was-kingship.cfm">"The Khilaafah Lasted for 30 Years Then There Was Kingship Which Allaah Gives To Whomever He Pleases"</a>. Aqidah.Com. 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Diakses tanggal 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aqidah.Com&rft.atitle=The+Khilaafah+Lasted+for+30+Years+Then+There+Was+Kingship+Which+Allaah+Gives+To+Whomever+He+Pleases&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.au=Aqidah.Com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aqidah.com%2Fcreed%2Farticles%2Fkyvik-the-khilaafah-lasted-for-30-years-then-there-was-kingship.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Bukhari-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Bukhari_125-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bukhari, Sahih. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahih-bukhari.com/">"Sahih Bukhari: Read, Study, Search Online"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204172409/http://sahih-bukhari.com/Pages/Bukhari_6_61.php">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-04. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abu-moslem-abd-al-rahman-b">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=AB%C5%AA+MOSLEM+%E1%B8%B4OR%C4%80S%C4%80N%C4%AA%E2%80%93Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fabu-moslem-abd-al-rahman-b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Doi, Abdur Rahman (1984). Shariah: The Islamic Law. 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Diakses tanggal 31 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abu+Bakr+Mohammad+Ibn+Zakariya+al-Razi+%28Rhazes%29+%28c.+865-925%29&rft.pub=sciencemuseum.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemuseum.org.uk%2Fbroughttolife%2Fpeople%2Falrazi.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Alatas-133"><a href="#cite_ref-Alatas_133-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Alatas, Syed Farid (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/29439">"From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Current_Sociology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Current Sociology (halaman belum tersedia)">Current Sociology</a>. 54 (1): 112–132. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011392106058837">10.1177/0011392106058837</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923024727/https://zenodo.org/record/29439/files/6.1From_Jamiah_to_University.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2017-09-23. Diakses tanggal 2022-11-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Sociology&rft.atitle=From+Jami%27ah+to+University%3A+Multiculturalism+and+Christian%E2%80%93Muslim+Dialogue&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=112-132&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0011392106058837&rft.aulast=Alatas&rft.aufirst=Syed+Farid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F29439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Imamuddin, S.M. (1981). Muslim Spain 711–1492 AD. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. hlm. 169. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-06131-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-06131-6">978-90-04-06131-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Spain+711%E2%80%931492+AD&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-90-04-06131-6&rft.aulast=Imamuddin&rft.aufirst=S.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_J._Toomer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald J. Toomer (halaman belum tersedia)">Toomer, G. J.</a> (Dec 1964). "Review Work: Matthias Schramm (1963) Ibn Al-Haythams Weg zur Physik". Isis. 55 (4): 464. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/228328">228328</a>. <q>Schramm sums up [Ibn Al-Haytham's] achievement in the development of scientific method.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Review+Work%3A+Matthias+Schramm+%281963%29+Ibn+Al-Haythams+Weg+zur+Physik&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=464&rft.date=1964-12&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F228328&rft.aulast=Toomer&rft.aufirst=G.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Al-Khalili, Jim (4 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm">"The 'first true scientist'"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-26. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+%27first+true+scientist%27&rft.date=2009-01-04&rft.aulast=Al-Khalili&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F7810846.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gorini, Rosanna (October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf">"Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision"</a> (PDF). Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. 2 (4): 53–55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-10-09. Diakses tanggal 25 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Society+for+the+History+of+Islamic+Medicine&rft.atitle=Al-Haytham+the+man+of+experience.+First+steps+in+the+science+of+vision&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=53-55&rft.date=2003-10&rft.aulast=Gorini&rft.aufirst=Rosanna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ishim.net%2Fishimj%2F4%2F10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Mann2004-138"><a href="#cite_ref-Mann2004_138-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Mann, Michael (1 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=cGHGPgj1_tIC&pg=PA118">The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing</a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 118. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-53854-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-53854-1">978-0-521-53854-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211065716/https://books.google.com/books?id=cGHGPgj1_tIC&pg=PA118&hl=en">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11. Diakses tanggal 11 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dark+Side+of+Democracy%3A+Explaining+Ethnic+Cleansing&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53854-1&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcGHGPgj1_tIC%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Matthew J. Gibney; Randall A. Hansen (30 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2c6ifbjx2wMC">Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present</a>. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 437. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-57607-796-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-57607-796-2">978-1-57607-796-2</a>. Diakses tanggal 11 February 2013. <q>Muslim telah menjadi mayoritas di Anatolia, Krimea, Balkan dan Kaukasus dan pluralitas di Rusia selatan dan sebagian Rumania. Sebagian besar tanah ini berada di dalam atau bersebelahan dengan Kekaisaran Ottoman. Pada tahun 1923, hanya Anatolia, Thrace timur, dan bagian dari Kaukasus tenggara yang tersisa di tanah Muslim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+Asylum%3A+From+1900+to+the+Present&rft.pages=437&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005-06-30&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-796-2&rft.au=Matthew+J.+Gibney&rft.au=Randall+A.+Hansen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2c6ifbjx2wMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati">pranala nonaktif permanen</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820">"Are secular forces being squeezed out of Arab Spring?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 9 August 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104171024/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14447820">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-04. Diakses tanggal 10 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Are+secular+forces+being+squeezed+out+of+Arab+Spring%3F&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-14447820&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Slackman, Michael (23 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html">"Jordanian students rebel, embracing conservative Islam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104153440/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/world/middleeast/24jordan.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-04. Diakses tanggal 15 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jordanian+students+rebel%2C+embracing+conservative+Islam&rft.date=2008-12-23&rft.aulast=Slackman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F24%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F24jordan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Kirkpatrick, David D. (3 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html">"Egypt's vote puts emphasis on split over religious rule"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104153442/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/world/middleeast/egypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-04. Diakses tanggal 8 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Egypt%27s+vote+puts+emphasis+on+split+over+religious+rule&rft.date=2011-12-03&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=David+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F12%2F04%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fegypts-vote-propels-islamic-law-into-spotlight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Lauziere, Henri (2016). The Making of Salafism: ISLAMIC REFORM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. New York, Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. hlm. 237. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-231-17550-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-231-17550-0">978-0-231-17550-0</a>. <q>Sebelum jatuhnya Kekaisaran Ottoman, para reformis terkemuka yang kebetulan beragama Salafi ternyata berpikiran terbuka: meskipun mereka menganut teologi neo-Hanbali. Namun, setelah Perang Dunia Pertama dan perluasan kolonialisme Eropa membuka jalan bagi serangkaian perubahan dalam pemikiran dan sikap. Pengalaman Ridha memberikan banyak contoh... dia berbalik melawan kaum Syi'ah yang berani, dengan alasan, untuk mengungkapkan keraguan tentang proyek Saudi-Wahhabi... . Syi'ah bukan satu-satunya korban: Ridha dan rekan-rekannya menunjukkan kesiapan mereka untuk melawan sesama Salafi yang mempertanyakan beberapa interpretasi keagamaan Wahhabi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Salafism%3A+ISLAMIC+REFORM+IN+THE+TWENTIETH+CENTURY&rft.place=New+York%2C+Chichester%2C+West+Sussex&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-231-17550-0&rft.aulast=Lauziere&rft.aufirst=Henri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <cite class="citation book">G. Rabil, Robert (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/salafisminlebano0000rabi">Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism</a>. Washington DC, USA: Georgetown University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/salafisminlebano0000rabi/page/32">32</a>–33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-62616-116-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-62616-116-0">978-1-62616-116-0</a>. <q>Penjajah Barat mendirikan tatanan politik di negara-negara ini... yang, meskipun tidak mengaku memusuhi Islam dan lembaga-lembaganya, tidak meninggalkan peran Islam dalam masyarakat. Hal ini menyebabkan krisis di kalangan reformis Muslim, yang merasa dikhianati tidak hanya oleh Barat tetapi juga oleh kaum nasionalis tersebut, yang banyak di antaranya dibawa ke tampuk kekuasaan oleh Barat... Tidak ada yang lebih mencerminkan krisis ini selain transformasi ideologi Rashid Rida (1865– 1935)... Ia juga menghidupkan kembali karya-karya Ibnu Taimiyah dengan menerbitkan tulisan-tulisannya dan mempromosikan ide-idenya. Selanjutnya, dengan memperhatikan peristiwa bencana yang ditimbulkan oleh kebijakan Barat di dunia Muslim dan dikejutkan oleh penghapusan kekhalifahan, dia berubah menjadi seorang intelektual Muslim yang sangat peduli untuk melindungi budaya, identitas, dan politik Muslim dari pengaruh Barat. Dia mendukung teori yang pada dasarnya menekankan perlunya sebuah negara Islam di mana para ulama Islam akan memiliki peran utama... Ridha adalah cikal bakal pemikiran Islam. Dia rupanya bermaksud untuk memberikan landasan teoretis bagi negara Islam modern. Ide-idenya kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam karya-karya ulama Islam. Secara signifikan, ide-idenya tidak lain dipengaruhi oleh Hassan al-Bannah, pendiri Ikhwanul Muslimin di Mesir... Ikhwanul Muslimin telah mengadopsi fundamentalisme Islam Ridha, sebuah gerakan radikal sayap kanan yang didirikan pada tahun 1928,..</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salafism+in+Lebanon%3A+From+Apoliticism+to+Transnational+Jihadism&rft.place=Washington+DC%2C+USA&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-62616-116-0&rft.aulast=G.+Rabil&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsalafisminlebano0000rabi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins">"Isis to mint own Islamic dinar coins in gold, silver and copper"</a>. The Guardian. 21 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104153442/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/14/isis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-04. Diakses tanggal 2022-11-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Isis+to+mint+own+Islamic+dinar+coins+in+gold%2C+silver+and+copper&rft.date=2014-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fnov%2F14%2Fisis-gold-silver-copper-islamic-dinar-coins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm">"Huge rally for Turkish secularism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 29 April 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120529003102/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6604643.stm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-29. Diakses tanggal 6 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Huge+rally+for+Turkish+secularism&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F6604643.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Saleh, Heba (15 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm">"Tunisia moves against headscarves"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120529003101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6053380.stm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-29. Diakses tanggal 6 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tunisia+moves+against+headscarves&rft.date=2011-10-15&rft.aulast=Saleh&rft.aufirst=Heba&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F6053380.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-economist-148"><a href="#cite_ref-economist_148-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/9409354?story_id=9409354">"Laying down the law: Islam's authority deficit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 28 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306094736/http://www.economist.com/node/9409354?story_id=9409354">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-06. Diakses tanggal 15 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Laying+down+the+law%3A+Islam%27s+authority+deficit&rft.date=2007-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F9409354%3Fstory_id%3D9409354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Binder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Binder (halaman belum tersedia)">Binder, Leonard</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pkNKPebCfwEC">Islamic liberalism: a critique of development ideologies</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-226-05147-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-226-05147-5">978-0-226-05147-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164018/https://books.google.com/books?id=pkNKPebCfwEC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-19. Diakses tanggal 2022-11-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+liberalism%3A+a+critique+of+development+ideologies&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-226-05147-5&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpkNKPebCfwEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/10/11/why-dissidents-are-gathering-in-istanbul">"Why dissidents are gathering in Istanbul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 11 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104153447/https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/10/11/why-dissidents-are-gathering-in-istanbul">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-04. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Why+dissidents+are+gathering+in+Istanbul&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2018%2F10%2F11%2Fwhy-dissidents-are-gathering-in-istanbul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <cite class="citation magazine">Perrin, Andrew (10 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,428133,00.html">"Weakness in numbers"<img alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/14px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/18px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130924035829/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,428133,00.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-24. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Weakness+in+numbers&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft.aulast=Perrin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C428133%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20160105-maps-152"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20160105-maps_152-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Almukhtar, Sarah; Peçanha, Sergio; Wallace, Tim (5 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html">"Behind Stark Political Divisions, a More Complex Map of Sunnis and Shiites"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104153442/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/04/world/middleeast/sunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2022-11-04. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Behind+Stark+Political+Divisions%2C+a+More+Complex+Map+of+Sunnis+and+Shiites&rft.date=2016-01-05&rft.aulast=Almukhtar&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Pe%C3%A7anha%2C+Sergio&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2016%2F01%2F04%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsunni-shiite-map-middle-east-iran-saudi-arabia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Beydoun2018-153"><a href="#cite_ref-Beydoun2018_153-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Beydoun, Khaled A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210012542/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html">"For China, Islam is a 'mental illness' that needs to be 'cured'"</a> (dalam bahasa English). <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/china-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 December 2018. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+China%2C+Islam+is+a+%27mental+illness%27+that+needs+to+be+%27cured%27&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.aulast=Beydoun&rft.aufirst=Khaled+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Fopinion%2Fchina-islam-mental-illness-cured-181127135358356.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Slackman, Michael (28 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html">"In Egypt, a new battle begins over the veil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503150409/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/weekinreview/28slackman.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-03. Diakses tanggal 15 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Egypt%2C+a+new+battle+begins+over+the+veil&rft.date=2007-01-28&rft.aulast=Slackman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F01%2F28%2Fweekinreview%2F28slackman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENigosian200441-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigosian200441_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNigosian2004">Nigosian (2004)</a>, hlm. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/21534763">"Islamic televangelist; holy smoke"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130904164441/http://www.economist.com/node/21534763">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-04. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamic+televangelist%3B+holy+smoke&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F21534763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito2010263-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito2010263_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito2010">Esposito (2010)</a>, hlm. 263. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> V. Šisler: The Internet and the Construction of Islamic Knowledge in Europe p. 212 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito2004118–119,_179-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito2004118–119,_179_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEsposito2004">Esposito (2004)</a>, hlm. 118–119, 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERippin2001288-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERippin2001288_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRippin2001">Rippin (2001)</a>, hlm. 288. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHackettStonawski2017-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackettStonawski2017_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackettStonawski2017_161-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHackettStonawski2017_161-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHackettStonawski2017">Hackett & Stonawski 2017</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/">"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. October 7, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225005131/http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-25. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-24. <q>Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Mapping+the+Global+Muslim+Population%3A+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Muslim+Population&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2009%2F10%2F07%2Fmapping-the-global-muslim-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">John L. Esposito, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280">"Sunni Islam"</a>. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181005013247/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e2280">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-05. Diakses tanggal 2020-01-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sunni+Islam&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Islam&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft125%2Fe2280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRabb2009" class="citation encyclopaedia">Rabb, Intisar A. (2009). "Fiqh". Dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_L._Esposito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John L. Esposito (halaman belum tersedia)">John L. Esposito</a>. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195305135.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780195305135" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780195305135">9780195305135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fiqh&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195305135.001.0001&rft.isbn=9780195305135&rft.aulast=Rabb&rft.aufirst=Intisar+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Yaqoubi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad al-Yaqoubi (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Yaqoubi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_al-Yaqoubi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad al-Yaqoubi (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad</a> (2015). Refuting ISIS: A Rebuttal Of Its Religious And Ideological Foundations. Sacred Knowledge. hlm. xiii. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1908224125" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1908224125">978-1908224125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Refuting+ISIS%3A+A+Rebuttal+Of+Its+Religious+And+Ideological+Foundations&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Sacred+Knowledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1908224125&rft.aulast=Al-Yaqoubi&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> A Prayer for Spiritual Elevation and Protection (2007) by Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi, Suha Taji-Farouki </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Commins, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=kQN6q16dIjAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=wahhabism#v=onepage&q=wahhabism&f=false">The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia</a>. I.B. Tauris. hlm. vi. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781845110802" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781845110802">9781845110802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wahhabi+Mission+and+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=vi&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781845110802&rft.aulast=Commins&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DkQN6q16dIjAC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dwahhabism%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dwahhabism%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Virus_Wahabi-168"><a href="#cite_ref-Virus_Wahabi_168-0">^</a> Abu Mujahid & Haneef Oliver, Virus Wahabi, Toobagus Publishing, 2010, hal. 120–121. </li> <li id="cite_note-jihadist-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jihadist_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jihadist_169-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207185941/http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/2004/asia/indonesia-why-salafism-and-terrorism-mostly-dont-mix.aspx">"Indonesia: Why Salafism and Terrorism Mostly Don't Mix"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/2004/asia/indonesia-why-salafism-and-terrorism-mostly-dont-mix.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesia%3A+Why+Salafism+and+Terrorism+Mostly+Don%27t+Mix&rft.pub=International+Crisis+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisisgroup.org%2Fen%2Fpublication-type%2Fmedia-releases%2F2004%2Fasia%2Findonesia-why-salafism-and-terrorism-mostly-dont-mix.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-jones-def-170"><a href="#cite_ref-jones-def_170-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Jones, Seth G. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150421192906/http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR600/RR637/RAND_RR637.pdf">A Persistent Threat: The Evolution of al Qa'ida and Other Salafi Jihadists</a> (PDF). Rand Corporation. hlm. 2. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR600/RR637/RAND_RR637.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 21 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 28 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Persistent+Threat%3A+The+Evolution+of+al+Qa%27ida+and+Other+Salafi+Jihadists&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Rand+Corporation&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Seth+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Frand%2Fpubs%2Fresearch_reports%2FRR600%2FRR637%2FRAND_RR637.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Moghadam, Assaf (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RMeqBfA9-RUC&pg=PA37&dq=defintion+salfist+jihadist&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AH1nVaCEFYnloATx_YKYDQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=defintion%20salfist%20jihadist&f=false">The Globalization of Martyrdom: Al Qaeda, Salafi Jihad, and the Diffusion of ...</a> JHU Press. hlm. 37–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419164018/https://books.google.com/books?id=RMeqBfA9-RUC&pg=PA37&dq=defintion+salfist+jihadist&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AH1nVaCEFYnloATx_YKYDQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=defintion%20salfist%20jihadist&f=false">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-19. Diakses tanggal 28 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Globalization+of+Martyrdom%3A+Al+Qaeda%2C+Salafi+Jihad%2C+and+the+Diffusion+of+...&rft.pages=37-8&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Moghadam&rft.aufirst=Assaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRMeqBfA9-RUC%26pg%3DPA37%26dq%3Ddefintion%2Bsalfist%2Bjihadist%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DAH1nVaCEFYnloATx_YKYDQ%26ved%3D0CC4Q6AEwAw%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Ddefintion%2520salfist%2520jihadist%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628202818/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/front/special/sala.html">"The Salafist movement by Bruce Livesey"</a>. PBS Frontline. 2005. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/front/special/sala.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 June 2011. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Salafist+movement+by+Bruce+Livesey&rft.pub=PBS+Frontline&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Ffront%2Fspecial%2Fsala.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kramer2003-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Kramer2003_173-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kramer, Martin (Spring 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meforum.org/541/coming-to-terms-fundamentalists-or-islamists">"Coming to Terms: Fundamentalists or Islamists?"</a>. Middle East Quarterly. X (2): 65–77. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150101195913/http://www.meforum.org/541/coming-to-terms-fundamentalists-or-islamists">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-01. Diakses tanggal 2022-11-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Coming+to+Terms%3A+Fundamentalists+or+Islamists%3F&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=X&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=65-77&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Kramer%2C+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meforum.org%2F541%2Fcoming-to-terms-fundamentalists-or-islamists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Walter Martin (1 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yra4KhlMBYQC&pg=PA421">Kingdom of the Cults, The</a>. Baker Books. hlm. 421. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7642-2821-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7642-2821-6">978-0-7642-2821-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211033458/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yra4KhlMBYQC&pg=PA421">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11. Diakses tanggal 24 June 2013. <q>Ninety-five percent of Iran's Muslims are Shi'ites.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdom+of+the+Cults%2C+The&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7642-2821-6&rft.au=Walter+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYra4KhlMBYQC%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bhabani Sen Gupta (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/persiangulfsouth0000unse">The Persian Gulf and South Asia: prospects and problems of inter-regional cooperation</a>. South Asian Publishers. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/persiangulfsouth0000unse/page/158">158</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-81-7003-077-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-81-7003-077-5">978-81-7003-077-5</a>. <q>Shias constitute seventy-five percent of the population of the Gulf. Of this, ninety-five percent of Iranians and sixty of Iraqis are Shias.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Gulf+and+South+Asia%3A+prospects+and+problems+of+inter-regional+cooperation&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=South+Asian+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-7003-077-5&rft.au=Bhabani+Sen+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpersiangulfsouth0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Momen, Moojan (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontosh0000unse_d5k7">An Introduction to Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelve</a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-300-03531-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-300-03531-4">0-300-03531-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Shi%27i+Islam%3A+The+History+and+Doctrines+of+Twelve&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-300-03531-4&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontosh0000unse_d5k7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">William H. McNeill; Jerry H. Bentley; David Christian, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/berkshireencyclo0004unse_k2y1">Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkshire_Publishing_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkshire Publishing Group (halaman belum tersedia)">Berkshire Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-9743091-0-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-9743091-0-1">978-0-9743091-0-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berkshire+Encyclopedia+of+World+History&rft.pub=Berkshire+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9743091-0-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fberkshireencyclo0004unse_k2y1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Esposito, John, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada">The Oxford Dictionary of Islam<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-512558-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-512558-0">978-0-19-512558-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Islam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512558-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary00bada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Pengenal_objek_digital" title="Pengenal objek digital">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001</a>–via Oxford Reference. </li> <li id="cite_note-Masdjid1-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Masdjid1_180-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Hillenbrand, R. "Masdjid. I. In the central Islamic lands". Dalam P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">C.E. Bosworth</a>, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a> Online. Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1573-3912">1573-3912</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Masdjid.+I.+In+the+central+Islamic+lands&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+Online&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.aulast=Hillenbrand&rft.aufirst=R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_editors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list">link</a>) </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kutipan">Kutipan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Istilah klasik: ‘ibādah nāqiṣah. Istilah kontemporer: ‘ibādah maḥḍah. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Istilah klasik: ‘ibādah muta‘addiyyah. Istilah kontemporer: ‘ibādah ghairu maḥḍah. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri (2017)</a>:64 menyebutkan angka tahun kelahiran <a href="/wiki/571" title="571">571</a> M, lengkapnya <a href="/wiki/20_April" title="20 April">20</a> atau <a href="/wiki/22_April" title="22 April">22 April</a> 571. </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Beberapa riwayat yang masyhur menyebutkan bahwa jeda waktu antara wahyu pertama dengan wahyu berikutnya adalah dua setengah atau tiga tahun.(<a href="#CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017">Al-Mubarakfuri 2017</a>, hlm. 85) </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> Atau Waraqah bin Qushay (<a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 9). </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Atau “Namus yang agung” (<a href="#CITEREFEsposito1988">Esposito 1988</a>, hlm. 9). </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Hadis Muhammad dari jalur <a href="/wiki/Anas_bin_Malik" title="Anas bin Malik">Anas bin Malik</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote">"Ketika Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam datang ke Madinah, penduduk Madinah memiliki dua hari raya untuk bersenang-senang dan bermain-main pada masa jahiliyah. Maka ia berkata, “Aku datang kepada kalian dan kalian mempunyai dua hari raya pada masa Jahiliyah yang kalian isi dengan bermain-main. Allah telah mengganti keduanya dengan yang lebih baik bagi kalian, yaitu hari raya Idul Fithri dan Idul Adha (hari Nahr)“</blockquote> (HR. An Nasai no. 1556 dan Ahmad 3: 178, sanadnya shahih sesuai syarat Bukhari-Muslim sebagaimana menurut <a href="/wiki/Syu%27aib_al-Arnauth" title="Syu'aib al-Arnauth">Syu'aib al-Arnauth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Nashiruddin_al-Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Nashiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nashiruddin al-Albani</a>, dan sejumlah pakar hadis) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFAbdurrahman2012" class="citation book">Abdurrahman, Dudung (2012). Siti Maryam, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tokopedia.com/bukukumahasiswa/sejarah-peradaban-islam-dari-masa-klasik-hingga-modern">Sejarah Peradaban Islam: Dari Masa Klasik hingga Modern</a>. LESFI. hlm. 16-20. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9795670247" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9795670247">9795670247</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406091444/https://www.tokopedia.com/bukukumahasiswa/sejarah-peradaban-islam-dari-masa-klasik-hingga-modern">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-06. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sejarah+Peradaban+Islam%3A+Dari+Masa+Klasik+hingga+Modern&rft.pages=16-20&rft.pub=LESFI&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9795670247&rft.aulast=Abdurrahman&rft.aufirst=Dudung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokopedia.com%2Fbukukumahasiswa%2Fsejarah-peradaban-islam-dari-masa-klasik-hingga-modern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation journal">Accad, Martin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09596410305261">"The Gospels in the Muslim Discourse of the Ninth to the Fourteenth Centuries: An Exegetical Inventorial Table (Part I)"<img alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/14px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/18px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (dalam bahasa Inggris). 14 (1). ISSN 0959-6410. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513085801/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09596410305261">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-13. Diakses tanggal 2017-11-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islam+and+Christian-Muslim+Relations&rft.atitle=The+Gospels+in+the+Muslim+Discourse+of+the+Ninth+to+the+Fourteenth+Centuries%3A+An+Exegetical+Inventorial+Table+%28Part+I%29&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Accad&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F09596410305261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Adil, Hajjah Amina (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadmessenge0000adil">Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Islamic Supreme Council of America. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781930409118" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-930409-11-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad%3A+The+Messenger+of+Islam&rft.pub=Islamic+Supreme+Council+of+America&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Adil&rft.aufirst=Hajjah+Amina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadmessenge0000adil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Ahmed, Akbar (1999). Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-2.00). I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781860642579" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-86064-257-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+Today%3A+A+Short+Introduction+to+the+Muslim+World&rft.edition=2.00&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Akbar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAl-Asyqar1994" class="citation book">Al-Asyqar, Umar Sulaiman (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=11963">Naḥw Ṡaqāfah Islamīyah Aṣīlah</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). Amman, Yordania: Darun Nafais. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524003732/http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=11963">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-24. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Na%E1%B8%A5w+%E1%B9%A0aq%C4%81fah+Islam%C4%AByah+A%E1%B9%A3%C4%ABlah&rft.place=Amman%2C+Yordania&rft.pub=Darun+Nafais&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Al-Asyqar&rft.aufirst=Umar+Sulaiman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.com%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D11963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAl-Asyqar2012" class="citation book">———— (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=9834">Al-Taqwā Ta‘rīfuhā Wafaḍluhā Wamaḥḋūrātuhā Waqaṣaṣ min Aḥwālihā</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). Amman, Yordania: Darun Nafais. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716132150/http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=9834">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-16. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Taqw%C4%81+Ta%E2%80%98r%C4%ABfuh%C4%81+Wafa%E1%B8%8Dluh%C4%81+Wama%E1%B8%A5%E1%B8%8B%C5%ABr%C4%81tuh%C4%81+Waqa%E1%B9%A3a%E1%B9%A3+min+A%E1%B8%A5w%C4%81lih%C4%81&rft.place=Amman%2C+Yordania&rft.pub=Darun+Nafais&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Al-Asyqar&rft.aufirst=Umar+Sulaiman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.com%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D9834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAl-Barrak2010" class="citation book">Al-Barrak, Abdurrahman Nashir (2010). Abdurrahman as-Sudais, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=10552">Syarḥ Ṡalāṡat al-Uṣūl</a>. Syarḥ al-Qawā‘id al-Arba‘ Wal-Uṣūl al-Ṡalāṡah Wanawāqiḍ al-Islām Wakasyf al-Syubuhāt (dalam bahasa Arab). Riyadh: Darut Tadmuriyyah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809060047/https://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=10552">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-09. Diakses tanggal 2020-04-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syar%E1%B8%A5+%E1%B9%A0al%C4%81%E1%B9%A1at+al-U%E1%B9%A3%C5%ABl&rft.place=Riyadh&rft.series=Syar%E1%B8%A5+al-Qaw%C4%81%E2%80%98id+al-Arba%E2%80%98+Wal-U%E1%B9%A3%C5%ABl+al-%E1%B9%A0al%C4%81%E1%B9%A1ah+Wanaw%C4%81qi%E1%B8%8D+al-Isl%C4%81m+Wakasyf+al-Syubuh%C4%81t&rft.pub=Darut+Tadmuriyyah&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Al-Barrak&rft.aufirst=Abdurrahman+Nashir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.com%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D10552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAl-Jazairy1964" class="citation book">Al-Jazairy, Abu Bakar Jabir (1964). Minhāj al-Muslim (dalam bahasa Arab). Kairo: Darus Salam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minh%C4%81j+al-Muslim&rft.place=Kairo&rft.pub=Darus+Salam&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Al-Jazairy&rft.aufirst=Abu+Bakar+Jabir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAl-Julayyil2017" class="citation book">Al-Julayyil, Abdulaziz bin Nashir (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rain_bow2020_yahoo_20180321">Walillāh al-’Asmā’ al-Ḥusnā Fad‘ūhu Bihā</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). Iskandariyah: Al-Qisthawi. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-977-430-226-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-977-430-226-8">978-977-430-226-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walill%C4%81h+al-%E2%80%99Asm%C4%81%E2%80%99+al-%E1%B8%A4usn%C4%81+Fad%E2%80%98%C5%ABhu+Bih%C4%81&rft.place=Iskandariyah&rft.pub=Al-Qisthawi&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-977-430-226-8&rft.aulast=Al-Julayyil&rft.aufirst=Abdulaziz+bin+Nashir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frain_bow2020_yahoo_20180321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAl-Mubarakfuri2017" class="citation book">Al-Mubarakfuri, Syaikh Shafiyurrahman (2017) [2001 (edisi revisi)]. Sirah Nabawiyah (edisi ke-22). Jakarta: Darussalam. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-979-3407-71-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-979-3407-71-5">978-979-3407-71-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sirah+Nabawiyah&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.edition=22&rft.pub=Darussalam&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-979-3407-71-5&rft.aulast=Al-Mubarakfuri&rft.aufirst=Syaikh+Shafiyurrahman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAl-Utsaimin1984" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Shalih_al-Utsaimin" title="Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin">Al-Utsaimin, Muhammad ash-Shalih</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=8933">Syarḥ Lum‘at al-I‘tiqād al-Hādī ilā Sabīl al-Rasyād</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). Damaskus: Muassasatur Risalah, Maktabatur Rusyd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812153335/https://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=8933">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-12. Diakses tanggal 2019-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syar%E1%B8%A5+Lum%E2%80%98at+al-I%E2%80%98tiq%C4%81d+al-H%C4%81d%C4%AB+il%C4%81+Sab%C4%ABl+al-Rasy%C4%81d&rft.place=Damaskus&rft.pub=Muassasatur+Risalah%2C+Maktabatur+Rusyd&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Al-Utsaimin&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+ash-Shalih&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.com%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D8933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAl-Utsaimin2000" class="citation book">———— (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=2837">Syarḥ al-‘Aqīdah al-Wāṣiṭīyah</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). 1. Riyadh: Dar Ibnul Jauzy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910152003/http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=2837">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-09-10. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syar%E1%B8%A5+al-%E2%80%98Aq%C4%ABdah+al-W%C4%81%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%AD%C4%AByah&rft.place=Riyadh&rft.pub=Dar+Ibnul+Jauzy&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Al-Utsaimin&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+ash-Shalih&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.com%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D2837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAsy-Syarif2017" class="citation web">Asy-Syarif, Isham bin Muhammad (24 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alukah.net/sharia/0/121791/">"Ahmīyah al-Taqwā fī Ḥayāh al-Muslim"</a>. Alukah (dalam bahasa Arab). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190406161133/https://www.alukah.net/sharia/0/121791/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-06. Diakses tanggal 6 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alukah&rft.atitle=Ahm%C4%AByah+al-Taqw%C4%81+f%C4%AB+%E1%B8%A4ay%C4%81h+al-Muslim&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft.aulast=Asy-Syarif&rft.aufirst=Isham+bin+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alukah.net%2Fsharia%2F0%2F121791%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAsy-Syatsri2007" class="citation book">Asy-Syatsri, Sa'ad bin Nashir bin Abdul-Aziz, Dr. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=12078">Syarḥ al-Mukhtaṣar fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). Riyadh, KSA: Daru Kunuz Eshbelia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190716215443/http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=12078">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-16. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syar%E1%B8%A5+al-Mukhta%E1%B9%A3ar+f%C4%AB+U%E1%B9%A3%C5%ABl+al-Fiqh&rft.place=Riyadh%2C+KSA&rft.pub=Daru+Kunuz+Eshbelia&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Asy-Syatsri&rft.aufirst=Sa%27ad+bin+Nashir+bin+Abdul-Aziz%2C+Dr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.com%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D12078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2009" class="citation book">At-Tuwaijiri, Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Abdullah (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=6923">Mawsū‘at al-Fiqh al-Islāmī</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). Amman: Baitul Afkarid Dauliyah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911211501/http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=6923">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-09-11. Diakses tanggal 2019-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maws%C5%AB%E2%80%98at+al-Fiqh+al-Isl%C4%81m%C4%AB&rft.place=Amman&rft.pub=Baitul+Afkarid+Dauliyah&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=At-Tuwaijiri&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+bin+Ibrahim+bin+Abdullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.com%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D6923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAt-Tuwaijiri2010" class="citation book">———— (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=6921">Mukhtaṣar al-Fiqh al-Islāmī fī Ḍaw’ al-Qur’ān was-Sunnah</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). Qasim, Arab Saudi: Dar Ashdaa`il Mujtama'. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516194518/http://www.waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=6921">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-16. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mukhta%E1%B9%A3ar+al-Fiqh+al-Isl%C4%81m%C4%AB+f%C4%AB+%E1%B8%8Caw%E2%80%99+al-Qur%E2%80%99%C4%81n+was-Sunnah&rft.place=Qasim%2C+Arab+Saudi&rft.pub=Dar+Ashdaa%60il+Mujtama%27&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=At-Tuwaijiri&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+bin+Ibrahim+bin+Abdullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwaqfeya.com%2Fbook.php%3Fbid%3D6921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Brockopp, Jonathan E. (2003). Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia (dalam bahasa Inggris). University of South Carolina press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1570034710" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-57003-471-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Ethics+of+Life%3A+abortion%2C+war+and+euthanasia&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Brockopp&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFClark2011" class="citation book">Clark, Malcolm (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zPXu561ZpvgC">Islam for Dummies</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>: Wiley Publishing Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014035342/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPXu561ZpvgC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2016-06-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+for+Dummies&rft.place=Indiana&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzPXu561ZpvgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Cohen-Mor, Dalya (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/matteroffateconc0000cohe">A Matter of Fate: The Concept of Fate in the Arab World as Reflected in Modern Arabic Literature</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0195133986" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-513398-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Matter+of+Fate%3A+The+Concept+of+Fate+in+the+Arab+World+as+Reflected+in+Modern+Arabic+Literature&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Cohen-Mor&rft.aufirst=Dalya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmatteroffateconc0000cohe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFCornell2007" class="citation book">Cornell, Vincent J. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.id/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&pg=PA8&dq=Voices+of+Islam+Shahada&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7pczFg4fNAhWKs48KHXntAGUQuwUIHjAA#v=onepage&q=Voices%20of%20Islam%20Shahada&f=false">Voices of Islam: Voices of tradition</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1 (edisi ke-berilustrasi). Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-275-98733-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-275-98733-7">0-275-98733-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807011739/https://books.google.co.id/books?id=g5LNUS0ciAAC&pg=PA8&dq=Voices+of+Islam+Shahada&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7pczFg4fNAhWKs48KHXntAGUQuwUIHjAA#v=onepage&q=Voices%20of%20Islam%20Shahada&f=false">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-07. Diakses tanggal 2016-06-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voices+of+Islam%3A+Voices+of+tradition&rft.edition=berilustrasi&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-275-98733-7&rft.aulast=Cornell&rft.aufirst=Vincent+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.id%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg5LNUS0ciAAC%26pg%3DPA8%26dq%3DVoices%2Bof%2BIslam%2BShahada%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi7pczFg4fNAhWKs48KHXntAGUQuwUIHjAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DVoices%2520of%2520Islam%2520Shahada%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  id, 9780275987336</dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Curtis, Patricia A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetofoodlawsr0000curt">A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Blackwell Publishing Professional. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780813819464" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8138-1946-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Food+Laws+and+Regulations&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing+Professional&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Patricia+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetofoodlawsr0000curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Eglash, Ron (1999). African Fractals: Modern Computing and Indigenous Design (dalam bahasa Inggris). Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0813526140" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8135-2614-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+Fractals%3A+Modern+Computing+and+Indigenous+Design&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Eglash&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Ernst, Carl (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/followingmuhamma0005erns">Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0807855774" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8078-5577-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Following+Muhammad%3A+Rethinking+Islam+in+the+Contemporary+World&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffollowingmuhamma0005erns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFEsposito1988" class="citation book">Esposito, John (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7386389M/Islam">Islam: The Straight Path</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780195043990" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780195043990">9780195043990</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010061847/https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7386389M/Islam">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-10-10. Diakses tanggal 2019-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+The+Straight+Path&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780195043990&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7386389M%2FIslam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Farah, Caesar (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islambeliefsobse0000fara">Islam: Beliefs and Observances</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-5th). Barron's Educational Series. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780812018530" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8120-1853-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Beliefs+and+Observances&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Farah&rft.aufirst=Caesar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislambeliefsobse0000fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">———— (2003). Islam: Beliefs and Observances (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-7th). Barron's Educational Series. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780764122262" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7641-2226-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Beliefs+and+Observances&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Farah&rft.aufirst=Caesar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Firestone, Rueven (1999). Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0195125800" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-512580-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jihad%3A+The+Origin+of+Holy+War+in+Islam&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Firestone&rft.aufirst=Rueven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780521026994" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-02699-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolerance+and+Coercion+in+Islam%3A+Interfaith+Relations+in+the+Muslim+Tradition&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Friedmann&rft.aufirst=Yohanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Ghamidi, Javed (2001). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mizan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mizan (halaman belum tersedia)">Mizan</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mawrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mawrid (halaman belum tersedia)">Dar al-Ishraq</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/52901690">52901690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mizan&rft.pub=Dar+al-Ishraq&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Ghamidi&rft.aufirst=Javed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Goldschmidt, Jr., Arthur (2005). A Concise History of the Middle East (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-8th). Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780813342757" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8133-4275-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+Middle+East&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Goldschmidt%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Griffith, Ruth Marie (2006). Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance (dalam bahasa Inggris). Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0801883709" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8018-8370-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Religion+in+the+African+Diaspora%3A+Knowledge%2C+Power%2C+and+Performance&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Ruth+Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHackettMcClendon2017" class="citation web">Hackett, Conrad; McClendon, David (5 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/05/christians-remain-worlds-largest-religious-group-but-they-are-declining-in-europe/">"Christians remain world's largest religious group, but they are declining in Europe"</a>. Pew Research Center (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191124021738/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/05/christians-remain-worlds-largest-religious-group-but-they-are-declining-in-europe/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-11-24. Diakses tanggal 31 Maret 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Christians+remain+world%E2%80%99s+largest+religious+group%2C+but+they+are+declining+in+Europe&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft.au=McClendon%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2017%2F04%2F05%2Fchristians-remain-worlds-largest-religious-group-but-they-are-declining-in-europe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFHackettStonawski2017" class="citation report">Hackett, Conrad; Stonawski, Marcin (5 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2017/04/FULL-REPORT-WITH-APPENDIXES-A-AND-B-APRIL-3.pdf">The Changing Global Religious Landscape</a> (PDF) (Laporan). Pew Research Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221023315/http://www.pewforum.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2017/04/FULL-REPORT-WITH-APPENDIXES-A-AND-B-APRIL-3.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-21. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-19. <q>Babies born to Muslims will begin to outnumber Christian births by 2035; people with no religion face a birth dearth.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Global+Religious+Landscape&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft.aulast=Hackett&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft.au=Stonawski%2C+Marcin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F7%2F2017%2F04%2FFULL-REPORT-WITH-APPENDIXES-A-AND-B-APRIL-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Hawting, G. R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstdynastyofis0000hawt">The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0415240735" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-24073-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Dynasty+of+Islam%3A+The+Umayyad+Caliphate+AD+661%E2%80%93750&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Hawting&rft.aufirst=G.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstdynastyofis0000hawt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Hedayetullah, Muhammad (2006). Dynamics of Islam: An Exposition (dalam bahasa Inggris). Trafford Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781553698425" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-55369-842-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynamics+of+Islam%3A+An+Exposition&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Hedayetullah&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Holt, P. M.; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (1977a). Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521291364" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-29136-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+1&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">————; Lambton, Ann K. S.; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (1977b). Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521291372" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-29137-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+Islam%2C+Vol.+2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Lambton%2C+Ann+K.+S.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hourani" title="Albert Hourani">Hourani, Albert</a> (2003). A History of the Arab Peoples (dalam bahasa Inggris). Belknap Press; Revised edition. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780674010178" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-674-01017-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Arab+Peoples&rft.pub=Belknap+Press%3B+Revised+edition&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Hourani&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthor=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Humphreys, Stephen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/betweenmemorydes0000hump_h5k7">Between Memory and Desire</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0520246918" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-24691-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Memory+and+Desire&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Humphreys&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbetweenmemorydes0000hump_h5k7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFTa'rif_bi_Din_al-Islam" class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_bin_Abdullah_bin_Baz" title="Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz">Ibnu Baz, Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah</a> (nd). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.binbaz.org.sa/article/602">"Ta'rīf bi Dīn al-Islām"</a>. Al-Imam Bin Baz (dalam bahasa Arab). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110114737/http://www.binbaz.org.sa/article/602">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-11-10. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Imam+Bin+Baz&rft.atitle=Ta%E2%80%98r%C4%ABf+bi+D%C4%ABn+al-Isl%C4%81m&rft.chron=nd&rft.aulast=Ibnu+Baz&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Aziz+bin+Abdullah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.binbaz.org.sa%2Farticle%2F602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFAt-Taqwa_Sabab_Kull_Khair" class="citation web">———— (nd). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://binbaz.org.sa/articles/61/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1">"At-Taqwā Sabab Kull Khair"</a>. Al-Imam Bin Baz (dalam bahasa Arab). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922230839/https://binbaz.org.sa/articles/61/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-09-22. Diakses tanggal 6 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Imam+Bin+Baz&rft.atitle=At-Taqw%C4%81+Sabab+Kull+Khair&rft.chron=nd&rft.aulast=Ibnu+Baz&rft.aufirst=Abdul+Aziz+bin+Abdullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbinbaz.org.sa%2Farticles%2F61%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D9%2589-%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8-%25D9%2583%25D9%2584-%25D8%25AE%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWhy_Islam" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whyislam.org/brochures/islam-explained/">"Islam Explained"</a>. Why Islam? (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113184920/https://www.whyislam.org/brochures/islam-explained/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-11-13. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Why+Islam%3F&rft.atitle=Islam+Explained&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whyislam.org%2Fbrochures%2Fislam-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFJawas2005" class="citation book">Jawas, Yazid bin Abdul Qadir (2005). Do'a & Wirid: Mengobati Guna-guna dan Sihir Menurut al-Qur-an dan as-Sunnah. Jakarta: Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi'i. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-979-3536-18-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-979-3536-18-7">978-979-3536-18-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Do%27a+%26+Wirid%3A+Mengobati+Guna-guna+dan+Sihir+Menurut+al-Qur-an+dan+as-Sunnah&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Pustaka+Imam+Asy-Syafi%27i&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-979-3536-18-7&rft.aulast=Jawas&rft.aufirst=Yazid+bin+Abdul+Qadir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Kobeisy, Ahmed Nezar (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/counselingameric0000kobe">Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780313324727" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-313-32472-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Counseling+American+Muslims%3A+Understanding+the+Faith+and+Helping+the+People&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Kobeisy&rft.aufirst=Ahmed+Nezar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcounselingameric0000kobe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Koprulu, Mehmed Fuad (1992). The Origins of the Ottoman Empire (dalam bahasa Inggris). SUNY Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0791408191" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7914-0819-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Koprulu&rft.aufirst=Mehmed+Fuad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Kramer, Martin (1987). Shi'Ism, Resistance, and Revolution (dalam bahasa Inggris). Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780813304533" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8133-0453-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shi%27Ism%2C+Resistance%2C+and+Revolution&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Kugle, Scott Alan (2006). Rebel Between Spirit And Law: Ahmad Zarruq, Sainthood, And Authority in Islam (dalam bahasa Inggris). Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0253347114" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-253-34711-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebel+Between+Spirit+And+Law%3A+Ahmad+Zarruq%2C+Sainthood%2C+And+Authority+in+Islam&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kugle&rft.aufirst=Scott+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Lapidus, Ira (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi_t2d2">A History of Islamic Societies</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780521779333" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Islamic+Societies&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Lapidus&rft.aufirst=Ira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofislamic0000lapi_t2d2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Madelung, Wilferd (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/successiontomuam0000made">The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521646960" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-64696-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Succession+to+Muhammad%3A+A+Study+of+the+Early+Caliphate&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=Wilferd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsuccessiontomuam0000made&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Malik, Jamal (2006). Sufism in the West (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0415274087" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-27408-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufism+in+the+West&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Malik&rft.aufirst=Jamal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Menski, Werner F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nlsiu.340.2men.21172">Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal Systems of Asia and Africa</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0521858593" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-85859-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comparative+Law+in+a+Global+Context%3A+The+Legal+Systems+of+Asia+and+Africa&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Menski&rft.aufirst=Werner+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnlsiu.340.2men.21172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation journal">Mohammad, Noor (1985). "The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction". Journal of Law and Religion (dalam bahasa Inggris). 3 (2).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law+and+Religion&rft.atitle=The+Doctrine+of+Jihad%3A+An+Introduction&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Mohammad&rft.aufirst=Noor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite class="citation book">Momen, Moojan (1987). An Introduction to Shi`i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi`ism (dalam bahasa Inggris). Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780300035315" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Shi%60i+Islam%3A+The+History+and+Doctrines+of+Twelver+Shi%60ism&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Momen&rft.aufirst=Moojan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFNasr1994" class="citation book">Nasr, Seyed Muhammad (1994). Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition (Chapter 7) (dalam bahasa Inggris). HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0060677007" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-067700-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Religions%3A+The+Seven+World+Religions+Introduced+by+Preeminent+Scholars+from+Each+Tradition+%28Chapter+7%29&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Nasr&rft.aufirst=Seyed+Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFNigosian2004" class="citation book">Nigosian, Solomon A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=my7hnALd_NkC">Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices</a>. Indiana: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-253-21627-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-253-21627-3">0-253-21627-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503181754/https://books.google.com/books?id=my7hnALd_NkC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-05-03. Diakses tanggal 2016-06-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Its+History%2C+Teaching%2C+and+Practices&rft.place=Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-253-21627-3&rft.aulast=Nigosian&rft.aufirst=Solomon+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmy7hnALd_NkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFPhilips2006" class="citation book">Philips, Abu Ameenah Bilal, Dr. (2006). The Evolution of FIQH (Islamic Law and the Madh-habs) (dalam bahasa Inggris). Riyadh: International Islamic Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9960-9533-3-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9960-9533-3-5">9960-9533-3-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+FIQH+%28Islamic+Law+and+the+Madh-habs%29&rft.place=Riyadh&rft.pub=International+Islamic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9960-9533-3-5&rft.aulast=Philips&rft.aufirst=Abu+Ameenah+Bilal%2C+Dr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSinaiWatt2020" class="citation web">Sinai, Nicolai; Watt, William Montgomerry (19 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad">"Muhammad: Prophet of Islam"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170209125352/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-09. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Muhammad%3A+Prophet+of+Islam&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft.aulast=Sinai&rft.aufirst=Nicolai&rft.au=Watt%2C+William+Montgomerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMuhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFSyalabi1985" class="citation book">Syalabi, Muhammad Musthafa (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.feqhbook.com/?book=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A">Al-Madkhal fī Fiqh al-Islāmī</a> (dalam bahasa Arab). Beirut: Addarul Jami'iyyah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170626125559/http://www.feqhbook.com/?book=%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%82%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%87-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-06-26. Diakses tanggal 2019-04-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Madkhal+f%C4%AB+Fiqh+al-Isl%C4%81m%C4%AB&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pub=Addarul+Jami%27iyyah&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Syalabi&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Musthafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.feqhbook.com%2F%3Fbook%3D%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D9%2582%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%258A-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D9%2587-%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd></dl> Tausch, Arno (2023). Political Islam and Religiously Motivated Political Extremism. SpringerBriefs in Political Science. Springer, Cham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419165525/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2_2">https://web.archive.org/web/20230419165525/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2_2</a>, Published 16 February 2023, Print <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9783031248535" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-031-24853-5</a>; open access: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230223205610/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2">https://web.archive.org/web/20230223205610/https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2</a> <dl><dd><cite id="CITEREFThalal2016" class="citation web">Thalal, Wisam (1 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85">"Maa Huwa Ta'rīf al-Islām"</a>. Maudhū‘ (dalam bahasa Arab). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111190018/http://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-11-11. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maudh%C5%AB%E2%80%98&rft.atitle=Maa+Huwa+Ta%E2%80%98r%C4%ABf+al-Isl%C4%81m&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.aulast=Thalal&rft.aufirst=Wisam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmawdoo3.com%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7_%25D9%2587%25D9%2588_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2581_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFWasik2016" class="citation journal">Wasik, Moh. Ali (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/ushuluddin/esensia/article/view/1289/1140">""Islam Agama Semua Nabi" dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an"</a>. ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin. Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga. 17 (2). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1411-3775">1411-3775</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110171655/http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/ushuluddin/esensia/article/view/1289/1140">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-11-10. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESENSIA%3A+Jurnal+Ilmu-Ilmu+Ushuluddin&rft.atitle=%22Islam+Agama+Semua+Nabi%22+dalam+Perspektif+Al-Qur%27an&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2016&rft.issn=1411-3775&rft.aulast=Wasik&rft.aufirst=Moh.+Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fejournal.uin-suka.ac.id%2Fushuluddin%2Fesensia%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1289%2F1140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd> <dd><cite id="CITEREFZaki2017" class="citation web">Zaki, Ahmad (14 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mawdoo3.com/ما_هو_توحيد_الربوبية">"Mā Huwa Tawḥīd al-Rubūbīyah"</a>. Maudhū‘ (dalam bahasa Arab). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210405213941/https://mawdoo3.com/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-04-05. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maudh%C5%AB%E2%80%98&rft.atitle=M%C4%81+Huwa+Taw%E1%B8%A5%C4%ABd+al-Rub%C5%ABb%C4%AByah&rft.date=2017-01-14&rft.aulast=Zaki&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmawdoo3.com%2F%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._J._Arberry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. J. Arberry (halaman belum tersedia)">Arberry, A. J.</a> (1996). The Koran Interpreted: A Translation (edisi ke-1st). Touchstone. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780684825076" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-684-82507-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Koran+Interpreted%3A+A+Translation&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Touchstone&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Arberry&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Hawting" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald R. Hawting">Hawting, Gerald R.</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/firstdynastyofis0000hawt">The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyard Caliphate AD 661–750</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0415240727" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-24072-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Dynasty+of+Islam%3A+The+Umayyard+Caliphate+AD+661%E2%80%93750&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Hawting&rft.aufirst=Gerald+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstdynastyofis0000hawt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Muhsin_Khan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Muhsin Khan (halaman belum tersedia)">Khan, Muhammad Muhsin</a> (1999). Noble Quran (edisi ke-1st). Dar-us-Salam Publications. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789960740799" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-9960-740-79-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noble+Quran&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dar-us-Salam+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Muhsin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Kramer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Kramer (halaman belum tersedia)">Kramer (ed.), Martin</a> (1999). The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis. Syracuse University. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9789652240408" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-965-224-040-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Discovery+of+Islam%3A+Studies+in+Honor+of+Bernard+Lewis&rft.pub=Syracuse+University&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Kramer+%28ed.%29&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kuban, Dogan (1974). Muslim Religious Architecture. Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9004038132" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 90-04-03813-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Religious+Architecture&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Kuban&rft.aufirst=Dogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a> (1984). The Jews of Islam. Routledge & Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0710204620" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7102-0462-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Islam&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">———— (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabsinhistory0000bern">The Arabs in History</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0192852582" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-285258-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs+in+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farabsinhistory0000bern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">———— (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islaminhistory00bern">Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East</a>. Open Court. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780812692174" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8126-9217-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+History%3A+Ideas%2C+People%2C+and+Events+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Open+Court&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislaminhistory00bern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">———— (1994). Islam and the West. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780195090611" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-509061-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+West&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">———— (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi">Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780195102833" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-510283-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultures+in+Conflict%3A+Christians%2C+Muslims%2C+and+Jews+in+the+Age+of+Discovery&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturesinconfli0000lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">———— (1997). The Middle East. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780684832807" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-684-83280-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">———— (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatwentwrongcl00lewi">What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East</a> (edisi ke-Reprint). Harper Perennial. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780060516055" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-06-051605-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Went+Wrong%3F%3A+The+Clash+Between+Islam+and+Modernity+in+the+Middle+East&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatwentwrongcl00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">———— (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crisisofislam00bern">The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror</a>. Random House, Inc., New York. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780812967852" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8129-6785-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+Islam%3A+Holy+War+and+Unholy+Terror&rft.pub=Random+House%2C+Inc.%2C+New+York&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrisisofislam00bern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Najeebabadi, Akbar Shah (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofislamvo0000naje">History of Islam</a>. Dar-us-Salam Publications. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781591440345" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-59144-034-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Islam&rft.pub=Dar-us-Salam+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Najeebabadi&rft.aufirst=Akbar+Shah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofislamvo0000naje&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Nigosian, S. A. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo">Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices</a> (edisi ke-New Edition). Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780253216274" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-253-21627-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%3A+Its+History%2C+Teaching%2C+and+Practices&rft.edition=New+Edition&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Nigosian&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamitshistoryt0000nigo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Teks_tambahan" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan">link</a>) </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman" title="Fazlur Rahman">Rahman, Fazlur</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam0000rahm_s0w9">Islam</a> (edisi ke-2nd). University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0226702812" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-226-70281-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Fazlur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislam0000rahm_s0w9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> Tausch, Arno (2023). Political Islam and Religiously Motivated Political Extremism. SpringerBriefs in Political Science. Springer, Cham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2_2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2_2</a>, Published 16 February 2023, Print <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9783031248535" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-031-24853-5</a>; open access: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2">https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-24854-2</a> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Walker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Walker (halaman belum tersedia)">Walker, Benjamin</a> (1998). Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith. Peter Owen Publishers. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780720610383" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7206-1038-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Islam%3A+The+Making+of+a+World+Faith&rft.pub=Peter+Owen+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AIslam" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Iman" class="mw-redirect" title="Rukun Iman">Rukun Iman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah_(Islam)" title="Allah (Islam)">Allah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tauhid" title="Tauhid">Tauhid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Islam">Nabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaikat_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaikat (Islam)">Malaikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci_Islam" title="Kitab suci Islam">Kitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qada" title="Qada">Qada</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Qadar" title="Qadar">Qadar</a></li> <li><a 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class="new" title="Pemimpin agama Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemimpin</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garis_waktu_sejarah_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Garis waktu sejarah Islam">Garis waktu sejarah Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suksesi_Muhammad" title="Suksesi Muhammad">Penerus Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khulafaur_Rasyidin" title="Khulafaur Rasyidin">Khulafaur Rasyidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqifah_Bani_Sa%27idah" title="Saqifah Bani Sa'idah">Saqifah Bani Sa'idah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teks_Pidato_Ghadir_Khum" class="mw-redirect" title="Teks Pidato Ghadir Khum">Pidato Ghadir Khum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Islam">Penaklukan awal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaman_Keemasan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Keemasan Islam">Zaman Keemasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historiografi_awal_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historiografi awal Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Historiografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabat_Nabi" title="Sahabat Nabi">Sahabat Nabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlulbait" title="Ahlulbait">Ahlulbait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamah_Syiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Imamah Syiah">Imamah Syiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafah" title="Khilafah">Khilafah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Rasyidin" title="Kekhalifahan Rasyidin">Rasyidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Umayyah" title="Kekhalifahan Umayyah">Umayyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Abbasiyah" title="Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah">Abbasiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Kordoba" title="Kekhalifahan Kordoba">Kordoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Fatimiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan Fatimiyah">Fatimiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Almohad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan Almohad">Almohad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Sokoto" title="Kekhalifahan Sokoto">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kekhalifahan Utsmaniyah">Utsmaniyah</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci_Islam" title="Kitab suci Islam">Teks keagamaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">al-Qur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadis" title="Hadis">Hadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirah" title="Sirah">Sirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Qisas Al-Anbiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Mazhab_dan_cabang_Islam" title="Mazhab dan cabang Islam">Firkah dan mazhab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asy%27ariyah" title="Asy'ariyah">Asy'ariyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maturidiyah" title="Maturidiyah">Maturidiyah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Atsariyah" title="Atsariyah">Atsariyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafiyah" title="Salafiyah">Salafiyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">Sufisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syiah" title="Syiah">Syiah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syiah_Dua_Belas_Imam" title="Syiah Dua Belas Imam">12 Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismailiyah" title="Ismailiyah">Ismailiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawi" title="Alawi">Alawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevi" title="Alevi">Alevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi">Bektashi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaidiyah" title="Zaidiyah">Zaidiyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawarij" title="Khawarij">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi" title="Ibadi">Ibadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyah">Ahmadiyah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Ahmadiyah_Lahore" title="Gerakan Ahmadiyah Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranisme" title="Quranisme">Quranisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nonmazhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim nonmazhab">Nondenominasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunia_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunia Muslim">Kehidupan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Budaya_Islam" title="Budaya Islam">Budaya</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhlak" title="Akhlak">Akhlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_anak-anak" title="Islam dan anak-anak">Anak-anak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Islam" title="Bendera Islam">Bendera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Islam" title="Filsafat Islam">Filsafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_raya_Muslim" title="Hari raya Muslim">Hari raya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewan_dalam_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hewan dalam Islam">Hewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalender_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalender Islam">Kalender</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_kemanusiaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan kemanusiaan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kemanusiaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurban" title="Kurban">Kurban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_LGBT" title="Islam dan LGBT">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasah" title="Madrasah">Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid" title="Masjid">Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Musik Islam">Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakaian_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakaian Islam">Pakaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspek_politik_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspek politik Islam">Politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_ilmu_pengetahuan" title="Islam dan ilmu pengetahuan">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seni_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni Islam">Seni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanita_dalam_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanita dalam Islam">Wanita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_menurut_negara" title="Islam menurut negara">Menurut negara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible 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href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_ekonomi_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah ekonomi Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabahah" title="Murabahah">Murabahah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Taharah" class="mw-redirect" title="Taharah">Taharah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandi_wajib" title="Mandi wajib">Mandi wajib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miswak" class="mw-redirect" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayamum" title="Tayamum">Tayamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiket_toilet_Islam" title="Etiket toilet Islam">Toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fikih_keluarga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fikih keluarga (halaman belum tersedia)">Keluarga</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fikih_pernikahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fikih pernikahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pernikahan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seks_dalam_Islam" title="Seks dalam Islam">Seks</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haya%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haya' (halaman belum tersedia)">Haya'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijab_kabul" title="Ijab kabul">Ijab kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahr (halaman belum tersedia)">Mahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikah">Nikah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikah mut'ah">Nikah mut'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Aspek lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adab" class="mw-disambig" title="Adab">Adab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etika_Islam" title="Etika Islam">Etika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzabihah" title="Dzabihah">Dzabihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzimmi" title="Dzimmi">Dzimmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelar_kehormatan_Islam" title="Gelar kehormatan Islam">Gelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_makanan_Islam" title="Hukum makanan Islam">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jizyah" title="Jizyah">Jizyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinayat">Jinayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepemimpinan_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepemimpinan Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Kepemimpinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhab" title="Mazhab">Mazhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir">Judi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C4%81_malakat_aim%C4%81nukum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mā malakat aimānukum (halaman belum tersedia)">Mā malakat aimānukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peraturan_perang_Islam" title="Peraturan perang Islam">Militer</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahanan_perang_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahanan perang dalam Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Tahanan perang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Islam_mengenai_perbudakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Islam mengenai perbudakan (halaman belum tersedia)">Perbudakan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_pemisahan_gender&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan pemisahan gender (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemisahan gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumber_hukum_Islam" title="Sumber hukum Islam">Sumber hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talak" title="Talak">Talak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_faraid" title="Ilmu faraid">Waris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Studi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="/wiki/Studi_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Studi Islam">Studi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Seni_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni Islam">Seni</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_Islam" title="Arsitektur Islam">Arsitektur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaligrafi_Islam" title="Kaligrafi Islam">Kaligrafi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karpet_masjid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karpet masjid (halaman belum tersedia)">Karpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musik_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Musik Islam">Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pola_geometri_Islam" title="Pola geometri Islam">Pola geometri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tembikar_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tembikar Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Tembikar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_pengetahuan_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Ilmu pengetahuan Islam abad pertengahan">Ilmu pengetahuan Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkimia_dan_kimia_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Alkimia dan kimia Islam abad pertengahan">Alkimia dan kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Astronomi Islam abad pertengahan">Astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_dan_kartografi_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi dan kartografi Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Geografi dan kartografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Fisika Islam abad pertengahan">Fisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Matematika Islam abad pertengahan">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_Islam_abad_pertengahan" title="Kedokteran Islam abad pertengahan">Kedokteran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmologi Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kosmologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optika_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optika Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Optika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Islam" title="Filsafat Islam">Filsafat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filsafat_Islam_awal" title="Filsafat Islam awal">Awal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filsafat_Islam_kontemporer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filsafat Islam kontemporer (halaman belum tersedia)">Kontemporer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskatologi_Islam" title="Eskatologi Islam">Eskatologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Bidang lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrologi_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrologi Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Astrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminisme_Islam" title="Feminisme Islam">Feminisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pandangan_Islam_mengenai_teori_evolusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pandangan Islam mengenai teori evolusi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kreasionisme (evolusi)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberalisme_dan_progresivisme_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberalisme dan progresivisme dalam Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Liberalisme dan progresvisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengubahan_tempat_ibadah_non-Islam_menjadi_masjid" title="Pengubahan tempat ibadah non-Islam menjadi masjid">Pengubahan menjadi masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psikologi_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psikologi Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Psikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_penemuan_Islam_abad_pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar penemuan Islam abad pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">Penemuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sastra_Islam" title="Sastra Islam">Sastra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puisi_Islam" title="Puisi Islam">Puisi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Syuubiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syuubiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Syuubiyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Lain-lain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> Lain-lain</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_dan_agama_lain" title="Islam dan agama lain">Hubungan dengan agama lain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Kekristenan" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Mormonisme" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Mormonisme">Mormonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Protestanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Protestanisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Protestanisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Hindu_dengan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Hindu dengan Islam">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Jain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Jain (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Sikh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Sikh (halaman belum tersedia)">Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Islam_dengan_Yahudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Islam dengan Yahudi">Yahudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Murtad" class="mw-redirect" title="Murtad">Murtad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murtad_menurut_negara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murtad menurut negara (halaman belum tersedia)">Murtad menurut negara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantan_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mantan Muslim">Mantan Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_mantan_Muslim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar mantan Muslim (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar mantan Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_organisasi_mantan_Muslim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar organisasi mantan Muslim (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar organisasi mantan Muslim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Topik terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qur%27an_dan_mukjizat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qur'an dan mukjizat (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qur'an dan mukjizat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritik_terhadap_Islam" title="Kritik terhadap Islam">Kritik</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Muhammad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Muhammad (halaman belum tersedia)">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Al-Qur%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Al-Qur'an (halaman belum tersedia)">al-Qur'an</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamisme" title="Islamisme">Islamisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Islamisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Islamisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Kritik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasca-Islamisme" title="Pasca-Islamisme">Pasca-Islamisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbisme">Qutbisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamofobia" title="Islamofobia">Islamofobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_insiden_Islamofobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar insiden Islamofobia (halaman belum tersedia)">Insiden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_dan_kekerasan_dalam_rumah_tangga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (halaman belum tersedia)">KDRT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keperawatan_dalam_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keperawatan dalam Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Keperawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukjizat" title="Mukjizat">Mukjizat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_yang_berbudaya" title="Muslim yang berbudaya">Muslim yang berbudaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Muslim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Muslim (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembantaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbol_Islam" title="Simbol Islam">Simbol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Allah-green.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">Kategori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Agama_dan_kepercayaan_di_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Agama_di_Indonesia" title="Templat:Agama di Indonesia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Agama_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Agama di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Agama_di_Indonesia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Agama_dan_kepercayaan_di_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Agama_di_Indonesia" title="Agama di Indonesia">Agama dan kepercayaan di Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agama dan kepercayaan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adat_Lawas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adat Lawas (halaman belum tersedia)">Adat Lawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adat_Musi" title="Adat Musi">Adat Musi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_Buhun" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buhun">Agama Buhun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_Helu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama Helu (halaman belum tersedia)">Agama Helu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aji_Dipa" title="Aji Dipa">Aji Dipa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliran_Kebatinan_Tak_Bernama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliran Kebatinan Tak Bernama (halaman belum tersedia)">Aliran Kebatinan Tak Bernama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluk_Todolo" title="Aluk Todolo">Aluk Todolo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ameok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ameok (halaman belum tersedia)">Ameok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anak_Cucu_Bandha_Yudha" title="Anak Cucu Bandha Yudha">Anak Cucu Bandha Yudha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angesthi_Sampurnaning_Kautaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angesthi Sampurnaning Kautaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Angesthi Sampurnaning Kautaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anggayuh_Panglereming_Nafsu" title="Anggayuh Panglereming Nafsu">Anggayuh Panglereming Nafsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arat_Sabulungan" title="Arat Sabulungan">Arat Sabulungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babolin" title="Babolin">Babolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babukung" title="Babukung">Babukung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27i_di_Indonesia" title="Baha'i di Indonesia">Baha'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basorah" title="Basorah">Basorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhisme_di_Indonesia" title="Buddhisme di Indonesia">Buddha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhayana">Buddhayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikuanisme" title="Ikuanisme">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridharma" title="Tridharma">Tridharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Shoshu" title="Nichiren Shoshu">Nichiren Shoshu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Budi_Daya" title="Organisasi Budi Daya">Budi Daya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budi_Rahayu" title="Budi Rahayu">Budi Rahayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budi_Sejati" title="Budi Sejati">Budi Sejati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumi_Hantoro" title="Bumi Hantoro">Bumi Hantoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cakramanggilingan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cakramanggilingan (halaman belum tersedia)">Cakramanggilingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_Murti" title="Dharma Murti">Dharma Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empung_Loken_Esa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empung Loken Esa (halaman belum tersedia)">Empung Loken Esa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Era_Wulan_Watu_Tana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Era Wulan Watu Tana (halaman belum tersedia)">Era Wulan Watu Tana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galih_Puji_Rahayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galih Puji Rahayu (halaman belum tersedia)">Galih Puji Rahayu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gayuh_Urip_Utami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gayuh Urip Utami (halaman belum tersedia)">Gautami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golongan_Si_Raja_Batak" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan Si Raja Batak">Golongan Si Raja Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guna_Lera_Wulan_Dewa_Tanah_Ekan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guna Lera Wulan Dewa Tanah Ekan (halaman belum tersedia)">Guna Lera Wulan Dewa Tanah Ekan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Jati_(aliran_kepercayaan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunung Jati (aliran kepercayaan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Gunung Jati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hajatan_(aliran_kepercayaan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hajatan (aliran kepercayaan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hajatan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Habonaron_Do_Bona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habonaron Do Bona (halaman belum tersedia)">Habonaron Do Bona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak_Sejati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak Sejati (halaman belum tersedia)">Hak Sejati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangudi_Bawono_Tata_Lahir_Satin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangudi Bawono Tata Lahir Satin (halaman belum tersedia)">Hangudi Bawono Tata Lahir Satin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hangudi_Lakuning_Urip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hangudi Lakuning Urip (halaman belum tersedia)">Hangudi Lakuning Urip</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardo_Pusoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardo Pusoro (halaman belum tersedia)">Hardo Pusoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidup_Betul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidup Betul (halaman belum tersedia)">Hidup Betul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu_di_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Hindu di Indonesia">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu_Bali" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Hindu Bali">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu_Jawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Hindu Jawa">Jawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolotang" title="Tolotang">Towani Tolotang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaran_Siwa-Buddha" title="Ajaran Siwa-Buddha">Siwa-Buddha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_Goib" title="Ilmu Goib">Ilmu Goib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_Goib_Kodrat_Alam" title="Ilmu Goib Kodrat Alam">Ilmu Goib Kodrat Alam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imbal_Wacana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imbal Wacana (halaman belum tersedia)">Imbal Wacono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_di_Indonesia" title="Islam di Indonesia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abangan">Abangan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abangan_modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Abangan modern">modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyyah_di_Indonesia" title="Ahmadiyyah di Indonesia">Ahmadiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Nusantara" title="Islam Nusantara">Islam Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembaga_Dakwah_Islam_Indonesia" title="Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia">LDII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernisme_(Islam_di_Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modernisme (Islam di Indonesia) (halaman belum tersedia)">Modernis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qiyadah_Al-Islamiyah" title="Al-Qiyadah Al-Islamiyah">Al-Qiyadah Al-Islamiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salafiyah_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salafiyah di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Salafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Syiah_di_Indonesia" title="Islam Syiah di Indonesia">Syiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Tradisionalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam Tradisionalis">Tradisionalis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wahidiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wahidiyah (halaman belum tersedia)">Wahidiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetu_Telu" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetu Telu">Wetu Telu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induk_Wargo_Kawruh_Utomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Induk Wargo Kawruh Utomo">IWKU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainisme_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jainisme di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Jainisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawa_Domas" title="Jawa Domas">Jawa Domas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingi_Tiu" title="Jingi Tiu">Jingi Tiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejawen" title="Kejawen">Kejawen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfusianisme_di_Indonesia" title="Konfusianisme di Indonesia">Khonghucu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koda_Kirin" title="Koda Kirin">Koda Kirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_di_Indonesia" title="Kekristenan di Indonesia">Kristen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_di_Indonesia" title="Gereja Katolik di Indonesia">Katolik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Yesus_Kristus_dari_Orang-orang_Suci_Zaman_Akhir_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-orang Suci Zaman Akhir di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Mormonisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Indonesia" title="Gereja Ortodoks Indonesia">Ortodoks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestanisme_di_Indonesia" title="Protestanisme di Indonesia">Protestan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saksi-Saksi_Yehuwa_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lera_Wulan_Dewa_Tanah_Ekan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lera Wulan Dewa Tanah Ekan (halaman belum tersedia)">Lera Wulan Dewa Tanah Ekan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malesung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malesung (halaman belum tersedia)">Malesung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shang_Sheng_Mu#Kultus" title="Tian Shang Sheng Mu">Mazuisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Tua" title="Islam Tua">Masade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naurus" title="Naurus">Naurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" class="mw-redirect" title="Parmalim">Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelebegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelebegu">Pelebegu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pepandyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pepandyo (halaman belum tersedia)">Pepandyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perjalanan_(aliran_kepercayaan)" title="Perjalanan (aliran kepercayaan)">Perjalanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purwoduksino" title="Purwoduksino">Purwoduksino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rila (halaman belum tersedia)">Rila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komunitas_Eden" title="Komunitas Eden">Salamullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedulur_Sikep" title="Sedulur Sikep">Sedulur Sikep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhisme_di_Indonesia" title="Sikhisme di Indonesia">Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirnagalih" title="Sirnagalih">Sirnagalih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumarah" title="Sumarah">Sumarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sunda Wiwitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madraisme" title="Madraisme">Madraisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme_di_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taoisme di Indonesia (halaman belum tersedia)">Taoisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonaas_Walian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonaas Walian">Tonaas Walian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradisi_Wor" title="Tradisi Wor">Wor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahudi_di_Indonesia" title="Yahudi di Indonesia">Yahudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ireligiusitas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ateisme_di_Indonesia" title="Ateisme di Indonesia">Ateisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sejarah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitologi_Indonesia" title="Mitologi Indonesia">Mitologi Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_Dewa-Dewi_Indonesia" title="Daftar Dewa-Dewi Indonesia">Daftar Dewa-Dewi Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisasi_Asia_Tenggara" title="Indianisasi Asia Tenggara">Indianisasi Asia Tenggara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyebaran_agama_Buddha_di_sepanjang_Jalur_Sutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyebaran agama Buddha di sepanjang Jalur Sutra">Penyebaran agama Buddha di sepanjang Jalur Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhisme_Esoteris_Indonesia" title="Buddhisme Esoteris Indonesia">Buddhisme Esoteris Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyebaran_Islam_di_Nusantara" title="Penyebaran Islam di Nusantara">Penyebaran Islam di Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Banyuwangi_1998" title="Pembantaian Banyuwangi 1998">Pembantaian Banyuwangi 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerusuhan_Poso" title="Kerusuhan Poso">Kerusuhan Poso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konflik_sektarian_Maluku" title="Konflik sektarian Maluku">Konflik sektarian Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insiden_Monas" title="Insiden Monas">Insiden Monas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kajian agama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agama_asli_Nusantara" title="Agama asli Nusantara">Agama asli Nusantara</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_organisasi_penghayat_kepercayaan_Indonesia" title="Daftar organisasi penghayat kepercayaan Indonesia">aliran kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_impor" title="Agama impor">Agama impor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hukum dan hak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_penistaan_agama_di_Indonesia" title="Hukum penistaan agama di Indonesia">Hukum penistaan agama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langit_Makin_Mendung" title="Langit Makin Mendung">Langit Makin Mendung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontroversi_angket_Majalah_Monitor" title="Kontroversi angket Majalah Monitor">Kontroversi angket Majalah Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksi_2_Desember" title="Aksi 2 Desember">Aksi 2 Desember</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_beragama_di_Indonesia" title="Kebebasan beragama di Indonesia">Kebebasan beragama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027743-4">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5237148997646559870007">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/5237148997646559870007">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4659797">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318428q">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318428q">(data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=12735">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85068390">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000047311&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00564585">Jepang</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114798&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000700613&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810673080605606">Polandia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/499_309">Vatikan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/011392">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/4445939">Microsoft Academic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644737">National Archives (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027266834">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/islam">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam&oldid=26495724">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam&oldid=26495724</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Islam" title="Kategori:Islam">Islam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pendirian_tahun_610" title="Kategori:Pendirian tahun 610">Pendirian tahun 610</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Agama_Abrahamik" title="Kategori:Agama Abrahamik">Agama Abrahamik</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Organisasi_keagamaan_yang_didirikan_abad_ke-7" title="Kategori:Organisasi keagamaan yang 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