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سپيكتر - ويكيپيديا
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ضروري [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>دخل</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="أدوات شخصية" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">أدوات شخصية</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="قائمة المستخدم" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=ary.wikipedia.org&uselang=ary"><span>دعم ويكيميديا</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>ساهم</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="كنشجعوك باش تصاوب حساب وتسجل الدخول؛ ولكن على أي هادشي ماشي ضروري"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>دير كونط</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="حسن ليك تسجل الدخول؛ ولكن ماشي ضروري [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دخل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحات للمحررين الذين سجَّلوا خروجهم <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="تعلَّم المزيد بخصوص التحرير"><span>تعلَّم المزيد</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="مداكرة على تبديلات من هاد لادريسة د لأيپي [n]" accesskey="n"><span>مداكرة</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="الموقع"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="لمحتويات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">لمحتويات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">حوّل ل لبانضة د الجنب</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">خبّي</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">بدية</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-عيون_لكلام" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#عيون_لكلام"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>عيون لكلام</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-عيون_لكلام-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="لمحتويات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">سپيكتر</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="اذهب إلى المقالة في لغةٍ أخرى. مُتاحة في 68 لغة" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 لوغات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum – الأفريقانية" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spektrum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="الأفريقانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%81_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="طيف (فيزياء) – العربية" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طيف (فيزياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="العربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektr" title="Spektr – الأذربيجانية" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Spektr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="الأذربيجانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Спектр – البيلاروسية" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спектр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="البيلاروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Спектър – البلغارية" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спектър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="البلغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="বর্ণালি – البنغالية" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বর্ণালি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="البنغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektar_(fizika)" title="Spektar (fizika) – البوسنية" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Spektar (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="البوسنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectre" title="Espectre – الكتالانية" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espectre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="الكتالانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Спектр – التشوفاشي" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Спектр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="التشوفاشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sbectrwm" title="Sbectrwm – الويلزية" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sbectrwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="الويلزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum_(Physik)" title="Spektrum (Physik) – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spektrum (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Φάσμα – اليونانية" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φάσμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="اليونانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum" title="Spectrum – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spectrum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektro" title="Spektro – الإسبرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spektro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="الإسبرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectro" title="Espectro – الإسبانية" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espectro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="الإسبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spekter_(f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika)" title="Spekter (füüsika) – الإستونية" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Spekter (füüsika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="الإستونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%81" title="طیف – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طیف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektri" title="Spektri – الفنلندية" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Spektri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="الفنلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum – الفريزيان" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spektrum" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="الفريزيان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speictream" title="Speictream – الأيرلندية" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Speictream" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="الأيرلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4ng-ph%C3%BA" title="Kông-phú – الهاكا الصينية" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kông-phú" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="الهاكا الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ספקטרום – العبرية" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספקטרום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="العبرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="वर्णक्रम – الهندية" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्णक्रम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="الهندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A8k" title="Espèk – الكريولية الهايتية" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Espèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="الكريولية الهايتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%ADnk%C3%A9p" title="Színkép – الهنغارية" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Színkép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="الهنغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80" title="Սպեկտր – الأرمنية" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպեկտր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="الأرمنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum – الإندونيسية" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spektrum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="الإندونيسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spettro_atomico" title="Spettro atomico – الإيطالية" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spettro atomico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="الإيطالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB" title="スペクトル – اليابانية" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペクトル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="اليابانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum – الجاوية" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Spektrum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="الجاوية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სპექტრი – الجورجية" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპექტრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="الجورجية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektr" title="Spektr – الكارا-كالباك" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Spektr" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="الكارا-كالباك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggwa" title="Aggwa – القبيلية" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aggwa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="القبيلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Спектр – الكازاخستانية" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Спектр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="الكازاخستانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4" title="ರೋಹಿತ – الكانادا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೋಹಿತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="الكانادا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%99%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%BC" title="스펙트럼 – الكورية" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스펙트럼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="الكورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrs" title="Spektrs – اللاتفية" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spektrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="اللاتفية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Спектар – المقدونية" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Спектар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="المقدونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F" title="वर्णपट – الماراثية" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वर्णपट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="الماراثية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum – الماليزية" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Spektrum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="الماليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum" title="Spectrum – الهولندية" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spectrum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="الهولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frekvensspekter" title="Frekvensspekter – النرويجية بوكمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frekvensspekter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="النرويجية بوكمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispeektarmii" title="Ispeektarmii – الأورومية" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ispeektarmii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="الأورومية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਰੰਗ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ – البنجابية" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੰਗ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="البنجابية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widmo_optyczne" title="Widmo optyczne – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Widmo optyczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85" title="سپیکٹرم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپیکٹرم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espectro_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Espectro (física) – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espectro (física)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectru_(fizic%C4%83)" title="Spectru (fizică) – الرومانية" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spectru (fizică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="الرومانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Спектр – الروسية" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спектр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="الروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%85" title="اسپيڪٽرم – السندية" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسپيڪٽرم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="السندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektar_zra%C4%8Denja" title="Spektar zračenja – صربية-كرواتية" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Spektar zračenja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صربية-كرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum" title="Spectrum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spectrum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spekter" title="Spekter – السلوفانية" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Spekter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="السلوفانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Спектар зрачења – الصربية" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Спектар зрачења" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="الصربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9ktrum" title="Spéktrum – السوندانية" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Spéktrum" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="السوندانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum – السويدية" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spektrum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="السويدية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="நிறமாலை – التاميلية" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிறமாலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="التاميلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%82" title="వర్ణపటం – التيلوغوية" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వర్ణపటం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="التيلوغوية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="สเปกตรัม – التايلاندية" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สเปกตรัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="التايلاندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispektrum" title="Ispektrum – التاغالوغية" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ispektrum" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="التاغالوغية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektrum" title="Spektrum – التركية" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Spektrum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="التركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80" title="Спектр – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спектр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%81" title="طیف – الأوردية" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طیف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="الأوردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spektr" title="Spektr – الأوزبكية" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Spektr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="الأوزبكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E9%A2%91%E8%B0%B1" title="光学频谱 – الوو الصينية" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="光学频谱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="الوو الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" title="光谱 – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="光谱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sek-lia%CC%8Dt" title="Sek-lia̍t – مين-نان الصينية" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sek-lia̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="مين-نان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" title="光譜 – الكَنْتُونية" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="光譜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="الكَنْتُونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q654182#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="تبديل الليانات بين اللوغات" class="wbc-editpage">بدل ليانات</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="مجالات سمياتية"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">أدوات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">أدوات</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">حوّل ل لبانضة د الجنب</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">خبّي</button> </div> <div 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id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="قائمة ديال گاع الصفحات الخاصة [q]" accesskey="q"><span>صفحات خاصة</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1&oldid=320905" title="ليان دايم ل هاد النسخة بضبط من الصفحة"><span>ليان دايم</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=info" title="المزيد من المعلومات عن هذه الصفحة"><span>معلومات الصفحة</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF&page=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1&id=320905&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="معلومات على كيفية الاستشهاد بهاد الصفحة"><span>ستشهد بهاد الصفحة</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fary.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1"><span>ليان مختاصر</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fary.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1"><span>طيليشارجي لكوض QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> طباعة/تصدير </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1"><span>صاوب كتاب</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=show-download-screen"><span>مشارجية ب صيغة PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1&printable=yes" title="ڤيرزيون ديال هاد الصفحة باش طبعها [p]" accesskey="p"><span>طبع هاد صفحة</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ف مشاريع خرة </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spectrum" hreflang="en"><span>ويكيميديا كومنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q654182" title="ليان د عنصر مرتابط ف الريپو ديال الضوني [g]" accesskey="g"><span>عنصر ويكي بيانات</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="السيفة"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">السيفة</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">حوّل ل لبانضة د الجنب</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">خبّي</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">من ويكيپيديا</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ary" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A:Rainbow_above_Kaviskis_Lake,_Lithuania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Rainbow_above_Kaviskis_Lake%2C_Lithuania.jpg/220px-Rainbow_above_Kaviskis_Lake%2C_Lithuania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Rainbow_above_Kaviskis_Lake%2C_Lithuania.jpg/330px-Rainbow_above_Kaviskis_Lake%2C_Lithuania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Rainbow_above_Kaviskis_Lake%2C_Lithuania.jpg/440px-Rainbow_above_Kaviskis_Lake%2C_Lithuania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption>سپيكتر ديال <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7" title="شعا">الشعا</a> لبيض كيبان ف <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="عرس الديب">عرس الديب</a> (قوس قزح)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>سّپيكتر</b> ؤلا <b>طّيف</b> (ب <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%DD%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نݣليزية">نݣليزية</a> <b>Spectrum</b>) هوّا أي ضاهرة ماكتاخدش قيمة وحدة مي كيكونو عندها مجموعة ديال لقيمات لّي كيشكلو ستيمرارية. هاد لكلمة كتستعمل ب لخصوص ف لمجال ديال <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A4%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ؤپتيك (الصفحة ما كايناش)">لوپتيك</a> باش دّل علا سپيكتر لكهرمغناطيسي ديال <a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7" title="شعا">ضّو</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours" width="30%" style="border: 1px solid grey !important;margin:0.5em 0; float: left; clear:both; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="40"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td>تقدر تزيد شوف بزاف د تّصاور و لمعلومات ديال <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spectrum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Spectrum">Spectrum</a></b> ف <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">ويكيميديا كومنز</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="عيون_لكلام"><span id=".D8.B9.D9.8A.D9.88.D9.86_.D9.84.D9.83.D9.84.D8.A7.D9.85"></span>عيون لكلام</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="عدل القسم: عيون لكلام" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>بدل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: عيون لكلام"><span>بدل لكود</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r144370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/spectrum">"Britannica, spectrum"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010035809/https://www.britannica.com/science/spectrum">مأرشيڤي</a> من لأصل ف 2023-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. تطّالع عليه ب تاريخ <span class="nowrap">2023-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britannica%2C+spectrum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fspectrum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fary.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r366002">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable" style="background-color:#F8F9FA; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #A2A9B1; padding: 5px"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-style: none none none none;"><div class="إعلام stub" id="stub" style=""><div class="صورة" style="display:inline"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Midori_Extension.svg/25px-Midori_Extension.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Midori_Extension.svg/38px-Midori_Extension.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Midori_Extension.svg/50px-Midori_Extension.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div> <div style="display:inline">هادي <a 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