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life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personality_according_to_Erasmus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personality_according_to_Erasmus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Personality according to Erasmus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personality_according_to_Erasmus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Early political career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chancellorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chancellorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Chancellorship </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chancellorship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Chancellorship subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Chancellorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Campaign_against_the_Protestant_Reformation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_against_the_Protestant_Reformation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Campaign against the Protestant Reformation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_against_the_Protestant_Reformation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Debates_with_Tyndale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debates_with_Tyndale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Debates with Tyndale </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debates_with_Tyndale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Resignation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy_on_extent_of_prosecution_of_heretics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy_on_extent_of_prosecution_of_heretics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Controversy on extent of prosecution of heretics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversy_on_extent_of_prosecution_of_heretics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversy on extent of prosecution of heretics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversy_on_extent_of_prosecution_of_heretics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Torture_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torture_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Torture allegations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torture_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Executions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Modern treatment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indictment,_trial_and_execution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indictment,_trial_and_execution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Indictment, trial and execution </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Indictment,_trial_and_execution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Indictment, trial and execution subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Indictment,_trial_and_execution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indictment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indictment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Indictment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indictment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Execution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Execution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Execution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Execution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Relics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epitaph" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epitaph"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Epitaph </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epitaph-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_and_literary_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_and_literary_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Scholarly and literary work </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scholarly_and_literary_work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Scholarly and literary work subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_and_literary_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_of_King_Richard_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_King_Richard_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 History of King Richard III </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_King_Richard_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Utopia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_polemics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_polemics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Religious polemics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_polemics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Correspondence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Correspondence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Correspondence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Correspondence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Veneration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Veneration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Veneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catholic_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catholic_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Catholic Church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catholic_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglican_Communion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglican_Communion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Anglican Communion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglican_Communion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Legal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature_and_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature_and_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 In literature and popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature_and_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions_named_after_More" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions_named_after_More"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Institutions named after More </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions_named_after_More-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communism,_socialism_and_anti-communism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communism,_socialism_and_anti-communism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Communism, socialism and anti-communism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communism,_socialism_and_anti-communism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Historic sites </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historic_sites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Historic sites subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Historic_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Westminster_Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Westminster_Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Westminster Hall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Westminster_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beaufort_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beaufort_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Beaufort House </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beaufort_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crosby_Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crosby_Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Crosby Hall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crosby_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chelsea_Old_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chelsea_Old_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Chelsea Old Church </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chelsea_Old_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tower_Hill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tower_Hill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.5 Tower Hill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tower_Hill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St_Katharine_Docks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St_Katharine_Docks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.6 St Katharine Docks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St_Katharine_Docks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St_Dunstan's_Church_and_Roper_House,_Canterbury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St_Dunstan's_Church_and_Roper_House,_Canterbury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.7 St Dunstan's Church and Roper House, Canterbury </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St_Dunstan's_Church_and_Roper_House,_Canterbury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Published_during_More's_life_(with_dates_of_publication)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_during_More's_life_(with_dates_of_publication)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Published during More's life (with dates of publication) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_during_More's_life_(with_dates_of_publication)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_after_More's_death_(with_likely_dates_of_composition)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_after_More's_death_(with_likely_dates_of_composition)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Published after More's death (with likely dates of composition) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_after_More's_death_(with_likely_dates_of_composition)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Translations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Media portrayals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Sources </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sources subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 Biographies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.2 Historiography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.3 Primary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Thomas More</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" > 96 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="توماس مور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توماس مور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Moro" title="Tomás Moro – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tomás Moro" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Mor" title="Tomas Mor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tomas Mor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="থমাস মুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থমাস মুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morus" title="Thomas Morus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Thomas Morus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommasu_Moru" title="Tommasu Moru – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tommasu Moru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morus" title="Thomas Morus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Morus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%81" title="Τόμας Μορ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόμας Μορ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Moro" title="Tomás Moro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tomás Moro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Moro" title="Tomas Moro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tomas Moro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تامس مور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تامس مور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AA%A8%EC%96%B4" title="토머스 모어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토머스 모어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Թոմաս Մոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոմաս Մոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="टामस मोर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टामस मोर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Moro" title="Tommaso Moro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tommaso Moro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8" title="תומאס מור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תומאס מור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ტომას მორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტომას მორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morus" title="Thomas Morus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas Morus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomass_Mors" title="Tomass Mors – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tomass Mors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morus" title="Thomas Morus – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thomas Morus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Moras" title="Tomas Moras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tomas Moras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus_Tam%C3%A1s" title="Morus Tamás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Morus Tamás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC" title="തോമസ് മൂർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തോമസ് മൂർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumas_More" title="Tumas More – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tumas More" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ტომას მორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტომას მორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="توماس مور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس مور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="သောမတ် မိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သောမတ် မိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%82%A2" title="トマス・モア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トマス・モア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morus" title="Thomas Morus – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Thomas Morus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0" title="ਥਾਮਸ ਮੋਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਥਾਮਸ ਮੋਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="توماس مور – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="توماس مور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A0_M%C3%B2ro" title="Tomà Mòro – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tomà Mòro" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz_More" title="Tomasz More – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tomasz More" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Morus" title="Thomas Morus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thomas Morus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Мор, Томас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мор, Томас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_More" title="Tomas More – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tomas More" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tummasu_Moru" title="Tummasu Moru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tummasu Moru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ٿامس مور – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٿامس مور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Mor" title="Tomas Mor – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tomas Mor" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="தாமஸ் மோர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாமஸ் மோர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ทอมัส มอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทอมัส มอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Томас Мор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Томас Мор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="تھامس مور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھامس مور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Thomas More" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·莫尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="托马斯·莫尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E7%91%AA%E5%A3%AB%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE" title="湯瑪士摩爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="湯瑪士摩爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·莫尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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searchaux" style="display:none">English politician, author and philosopher (1478–1535)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sir Thomas More" redirects here. For the play, see <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_(play)" title="Sir Thomas More (play)">Sir Thomas More (play)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Thomas More, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thomas More (disambiguation)">Thomas More (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir Thomas More</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Holbein,_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Hans_Holbein%2C_the_Younger_-_Sir_Thomas_More_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4667" data-file-height="5807" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Sir_Thomas_More_(Holbein)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait of Sir Thomas More (Holbein)">Sir Thomas More</a> (1527)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office October 1529 – May 1532</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Audley">Thomas Audley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 31 December 1525 – 3 November 1529</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Henry VIII</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wingfield" title="Richard Wingfield">Richard Wingfield</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_FitzWilliam,_1st_Earl_of_Southampton" title="William FitzWilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton">William FitzWilliam</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the House of Commons of England">Speaker of the House of Commons</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 15 April 1523 – 13 August 1523</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data">Henry VIII</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nevill" title="Thomas Nevill">Thomas Nevill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Audley">Thomas Audley</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">7 February 1478 <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 July 1535 (aged 57) <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a>, London, Kingdom of England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula" title="Church of St Peter ad Vincula">Church of St Peter ad Vincula</a> (body)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury" title="St. Dunstan's, Canterbury">St Dunstan's Church, Canterbury</a> or Chelsea Old Church (head)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jane Colt</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1505; died 1511)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alice_More" title="Alice More">Alice Middleton</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1511)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Roper" title="Margaret Roper">Margaret</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dauncey" title="Elizabeth Dauncey">Elizabeth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cecily_Heron" title="Cecily Heron">Cecily</a></li><li>John</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_More" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John More">Sir John More</a></li><li>Agnes Graunger</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_More_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas More's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Thomas_More_Signature.svg/250px-Thomas_More_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Thomas_More_Signature.svg/330px-Thomas_More_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="155" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />Philosophy career<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(More_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopia (More book)">Utopia</a> (1516)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Responsio_ad_Lutherum" title="Responsio ad Lutherum">Responsio ad Lutherum</a> (1523)</li><li><a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_of_Comfort_against_Tribulation" title="A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation">A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation</a> (1553)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_philosophy" title="Renaissance philosophy">Renaissance philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/16th-century_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="16th-century philosophy">16th-century philosophy</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance humanism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_philosophy" title="Social philosophy">Social philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Protestantism" title="Criticism of Protestantism">Criticism of Protestantism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(law)" title="Equity (law)">Legal equity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscience#Medieval" title="Conscience">Conscience</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable ideas</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), <a href="/wiki/Venerated" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerated">venerated</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as Saint Thomas More,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> was an English lawyer, judge,<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> social philosopher, author, statesman, theologian, and noted <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance humanist">Renaissance humanist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> He also served <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Chancellor_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord High Chancellor of England">Lord High Chancellor of England</a> from October 1529 to May 1532.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> He wrote <a href="/wiki/Utopia_(book)" title="Utopia (book)">Utopia</a>, published in 1516, which describes the <a href="/wiki/Political_system" title="Political system">political system</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">imaginary</a> island state.<a href="#cite_note-Margaret-L-King01a-6">[6]</a> More opposed the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, directing polemics against the theology of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a>. More also opposed Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_head_of_the_Church_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme head of the Church of England">supreme head of the Church of England</a> and the annulment of his marriage to <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a>. After refusing to take the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Supremacy" title="Oath of Supremacy">Oath of Supremacy</a>, he was convicted of treason on what he stated was false evidence, and was executed. At his execution, he was reported to have said: "I die the King's good servant, and God's first." <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> canonised More in 1935 as a martyr.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> in 2000 declared him the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of statesmen and politicians.<a href="#cite_note-JP2PatronSaint-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-CofEholyDays-10">[10]</a> In his proclamation the pope stated: "It can be said that he demonstrated in a singular way the value of a moral conscience ... even if, in his actions against heretics, he reflected the limits of the culture of his time".<a href="#cite_note-JP2PatronSaint-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_philosophers" title="Category:Catholic philosophers">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Catholic philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/73px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/110px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg/147px-St-thomas-aquinasFXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4004" data-file-height="6000" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/68px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/102px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg/136px-Scoto_%28Duns_Scoto%29_-_Studiolo_di_Federico_da_Montefeltro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="762" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/82px-William_of_Ockham.png" decoding="async" width="82" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/124px-William_of_Ockham.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/165px-William_of_Ockham.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="361" /><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Ethics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_price" title="Just price">Just price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_double_effect" title="Principle of double effect">Principle of Double Effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuistry" title="Casuistry">Casuistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law#Catholic_natural_law_jurisprudence" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_personalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Theology">Liberation Theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Humanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Humanism">Christian Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_of_mercy" title="Works of mercy">Works of mercy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conceptualism" title="Conceptualism">Conceptualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_realism" title="Philosophical realism">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_realism" title="Moderate realism">Moderate realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalism" title="Nominalism">Nominalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiddity" title="Quiddity">Quiddity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Essence" title="Essence">essence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nature_(philosophy)" title="Nature (philosophy)">nature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haecceity" title="Haecceity">Haecceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Quinque Viae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theological_determinism" title="Theological determinism">Theological determinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibilism" title="Compatibilism">Compatibilism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attributes_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Attributes of God in Christianity">Divine Attributes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Saint_Victor" title="School of Saint Victor">Victorines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llullism" class="mw-redirect" title="Llullism">Llullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism_and_Christianity" title="Neoplatonism and Christianity">Christian Neoplatonism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_God" title="Friends of God">Friends of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Ressourcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_scholasticism" title="Second scholasticism">Second scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Thomism" title="Analytical Thomism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenagoras_of_Athens" title="Athenagoras of Athens">Athenagoras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory (of Nazianzus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory (of Nyssa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Hales" title="Alexander of Hales">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Autrecourt" title="Nicholas of Autrecourt">Autrecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan">Buridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">Eriugena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_of_Rome" title="Giles of Rome">Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominicus_Gundissalinus" title="Dominicus Gundissalinus">Gundissalinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Braga" title="Martin of Braga">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Oresme" title="Nicole Oresme">Oresme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_New_Theologian" title="Symeon the New Theologian">Symeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_of_Chartres" title="Thierry of Chartres">Thierry</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Arnauld" title="Antoine Arnauld">Arnauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Azpilcueta" title="Martín de Azpilcueta">Azpilcueta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Brentano" title="Franz Brentano">Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Botero" title="Giovanni Botero">Botero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan" title="Thomas Cajetan">Cajetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">Fénelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Graci%C3%A1n" title="Baltasar Gracián">Gracián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Kołłątaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Mariana" title="Juan de Mariana">Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexius_Meinong" title="Alexius Meinong">Meinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Mercado" title="Tomás de Mercado">Mercado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Molina" title="Luis de Molina">Molina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domingo_de_Soto" title="Domingo de Soto">Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Caramuel_y_Lobkowitz" title="Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz">Caramuel</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_J._Adler" title="Mortimer J. Adler">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe" title="G. E. M. Anscombe">Anscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Barron" title="Robert Barron">Barron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blondel" title="Maurice Blondel">Blondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. 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height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/19px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_philosophy" title="Template:Catholic philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_philosophy" title="Template talk:Catholic philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Born in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, on 7 February 1478, Thomas More was the son of <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_More" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John More">Sir John More</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> (a successful lawyer and later a judge<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHouse2008More,_Sir_Thomas-12">[12]</a>) and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). John More lived for "the most part of his life" in <a href="/wiki/Milk_Street,_London" title="Milk Street, London">Milk Street, London</a> and, from this, many biographers (starting with More's great grandson <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cresacre_More&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cresacre More (page does not exist)">Cresacre More</a> in the seventeenth century) have asserted, without confirmation, that this was the place of Thomas More's birth. No contemporary biographer recorded this.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> He was the second of six children. More was educated at <a href="/wiki/St._Anthony%27s_Hospital,_St_Benet_Fink" title="St. Anthony's Hospital, St Benet Fink">St. Anthony's School</a>, then considered one of London's best schools.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> From 1490 to 1492, More served <a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(cardinal)" title="John Morton (cardinal)">John Morton</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page.<a href="#cite_note-Rebhorn-16">[16]</a>: xvi  Morton enthusiastically supported the "<a href="/wiki/New_Learning" title="New Learning">New Learning</a>" (scholarship which was later known as "humanism" or "London humanism"), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that More had great potential, Morton nominated him for a place at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, either in <a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary Hall">St. Mary Hall</a> or <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_College,_Oxford" title="Canterbury College, Oxford">Canterbury College</a>, both now defunct.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 38  More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a classical education. Studying under <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Linacre" title="Thomas Linacre">Thomas Linacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Grocyn" title="William Grocyn">William Grocyn</a>, he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More left Oxford after only two years—at his father's insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of the <a href="/wiki/Inns_of_Chancery" title="Inns of Chancery">Inns of Chancery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rebhorn-16">[16]</a>: xvii <a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In 1496, More became a student at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Inns_of_Court" title="Inns of Court">Inns of Court</a>, where he remained until 1502, when he was <a href="/wiki/Called_to_the_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Called to the bar">called to the bar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rebhorn-16">[16]</a>: xvii  More could speak and banter in Latin with the same facility as in English. He wrote and translated poetry.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> He was particularly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Pico_della_Mirandola" class="mw-redirect" title="Pico della Mirandola">Pico della Mirandola</a> and translated the Life of Pico into English.<a href="#cite_note-Seebohm-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spiritual_life">Spiritual life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spiritual life">edit</a>]</div> According to his friend, the theologian <a href="/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiderius Erasmus">Desiderius Erasmus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the <a href="/wiki/London_Charterhouse" title="London Charterhouse">Carthusian monastery</a> outside the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises. Although he deeply admired their piety, More ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a> in 1504 and marrying the following year.<a href="#cite_note-Rebhorn-16">[16]</a>: xxi  More continued ascetic practices for the rest of his life, such as wearing a <a href="/wiki/Hair_shirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair shirt">hair shirt</a> next to his skin and occasionally engaging in <a href="/wiki/Self-flagellation" title="Self-flagellation">self-flagellation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rebhorn-16">[16]</a>: xxi  A tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Third Order of Saint Francis</a> honours More as a member of that Order on their <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">calendar of saints</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_life">Family life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:More_famB_1280x-g0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/More_famB_1280x-g0.jpg/330px-More_famB_1280x-g0.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/More_famB_1280x-g0.jpg/495px-More_famB_1280x-g0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/More_famB_1280x-g0.jpg/660px-More_famB_1280x-g0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rowland_Lockey" title="Rowland Lockey">Rowland Lockey</a> after <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_and_Family" title="Sir Thomas More and Family">The Family of Sir Thomas More</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1594, Nostell Priory</figcaption></figure> More married Joanna "Jane" Colt, the eldest daughter of John Colt of Essex in 1505.<a href="#cite_note-EB1911-24">[24]</a> In that year he leased a portion of a house known as the Old Barge (originally there had been a wharf nearby serving the <a href="/wiki/River_Walbrook" title="River Walbrook">Walbrook river</a>) on Bucklersbury, <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen_Walbrook" title="St Stephen Walbrook">St Stephen Walbrook</a> parish, London. Eight years later he took over the rest of the house and in total he lived there for almost 20 years, until his move to Chelsea in 1525.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 118, 271 <a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 119  The couple had four children: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Roper" title="Margaret Roper">Margaret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dauncey" title="Elizabeth Dauncey">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Heron" title="Cecily Heron">Cecily</a>, and John. Jane died in 1511.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 132  Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within 30 days, More had married one of the many eligible women among his wide circle of friends.<a href="#cite_note-Wegemer-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-28">[28]</a> He chose <a href="/wiki/Alice_More" title="Alice More">Alice Middleton</a>, a widow, to head his household and care for his small children.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More had to get a dispensation from the <a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage" title="Banns of marriage">banns of marriage</a>, which, due to his good public reputation, he easily obtained.<a href="#cite_note-Wegemer-27">[27]</a> More had no children from his second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own. More also became the guardian of two young girls: Anne Cresacre who would eventually marry his son, John More;<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 146  and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Giggs" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Giggs">Margaret Giggs</a> (later Clement), who was the only member of his family to witness his execution.<a href="#cite_note-30">[note 1]</a> An affectionate father, More wrote letters to his children whenever he was away on legal or government business, and encouraged them to write to him often.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 150 <a href="#cite_note-Rogers-31">[30]</a>: xiv  More insisted upon giving his daughters the same classical education as his son, an unusual attitude at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 146–47  His eldest daughter, Margaret, attracted much admiration for her erudition, especially her fluency in Greek and Latin.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 147  More told his daughter of his pride in her academic accomplishments in September 1522, after he showed the bishop a letter she had written: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">When he saw from the signature that it was the letter of a lady, his surprise led him to read it more eagerly [...] he said he would never have believed it to be your work unless I had assured him of the fact, and he began to praise it in the highest terms [...] for its pure Latinity, its correctness, its erudition, and its expressions of tender affection. He took out at once from his pocket a portague [A Portuguese gold coin] [...] to send to you as a pledge and token of his good will towards you.<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-31">[30]</a>: 152 </blockquote> More's decision to educate his daughters set an example for other noble families. Even Erasmus became much more favourable once he witnessed their accomplishments.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 149  A large portrait of More and his extended family, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_and_Family" title="Sir Thomas More and Family">Sir Thomas More and Family</a>, was painted by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a>; however, it was lost in a fire in the 18th century. More's grandson commissioned a copy, of which two versions survive. The <a href="/wiki/Nostell_Priory" title="Nostell Priory">Nostell</a> copy of the portrait shown above also includes the family's two pet dogs and monkey.<a href="#cite_note-32">[note 2]</a> Musical instruments such as a lute and viol feature in the background of the extant copies of Holbein's family portrait. More played the recorder and <a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">viol</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a>: 136  and made sure his wives could join in the family consort.<a href="#cite_note-34">[note 3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality_according_to_Erasmus">Personality according to Erasmus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personality according to Erasmus">edit</a>]</div> Concerning More's personality, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> gave a consistent portrait over a period of thirty five years. Soon after meeting the young lawyer More, who became his best friend<a href="#cite_note-35">[note 4]</a> and invited Erasmus into his household, Erasmus reported in 1500 "Did nature ever invent anything kinder, sweeter or more harmonious than the character of Thomas More?".<a href="#cite_note-BS-36">[32]</a> In 1519, he wrote that More was "born and designed for friendship;<a href="#cite_note-37">[note 5]</a> no one is more open-hearted in making friends or more tenacious in keeping them."<a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a> In 1535, after More's execution, Erasmus wrote that More "never bore ill-intent towards anyone":<a href="#cite_note-BS-36">[32]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">We are 'together, you and I, a crowd'; that is my feeling, and I think I could live happily with you in any wilderness. Farewell, dearest Erasmus, dear as the apple of my eye.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Thomas More to Erasmus, October 31, 1516<a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">When More died I seem to have died myself: because we were a single soul as Pythagoras once said. But such is the flux of human affairs.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Erasmus to Piotr Tomiczki (Bishop of Kraków), August 31, 1535<a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a></cite></div></blockquote> In a 1532 letter, Erasmus wrote "such is the kindliness of his disposition, or rather, to say it better, such is his piety and wisdom, that whatever comes his way that cannot be corrected, he comes to love just as wholeheartedly as if nothing better could have happened to him."<a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a> In a 1533 letter, Erasmus described More's character as imperiosus – commanding, far-ruling, not at all timid.<a href="#cite_note-42">[37]</a> For his part, "Thomas More was an unflagging apologist for Erasmus for the thirty-six years of their adult lives (1499–1535)."<a href="#cite_note-Thomas_More:_First_and_Best_Apologi-43">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early political career">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Study_for_portrait_of_the_More_family,_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Study_for_portrait_of_the_More_family%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/330px-Study_for_portrait_of_the_More_family%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Study_for_portrait_of_the_More_family%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/500px-Study_for_portrait_of_the_More_family%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Study_for_portrait_of_the_More_family%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/960px-Study_for_portrait_of_the_More_family%2C_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2659" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption>Study for a portrait of Thomas More's family, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1527, by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a></figcaption></figure> In 1504 More was elected to Parliament to represent <a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Great Yarmouth (UK Parliament constituency)">Great Yarmouth</a>, and in 1510 began representing <a href="/wiki/City_of_London_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="City of London (UK Parliament constituency)">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a> More first attracted public attention by his conduct in the parliament of 1504, by his daring opposition to the King's demand for money. King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> was entitled, according to feudal laws, to a grant on occasion of his daughter <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret Tudor</a>'s marriage to <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV of Scotland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> But he came to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons</a> for a much larger sum than he intended to give with his daughter. The members, unwilling as they were to vote the money, were afraid to offend the King, until the silence was broken by More, whose speech is said to have moved the house to reduce the subsidy of three-fifteenths which the Government had demanded to £30,000. One of the chamberlains went and told his master that he had been thwarted by a beardless boy. Henry never forgave the audacity; but, for the moment, the only revenge he could take was upon More's father, whom upon some pretext he threw into the Tower, and he only released him upon payment of a fine of £100.<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a> Thomas More even found it advisable to withdraw from public life into obscurity.<a href="#cite_note-EB1911-24">[24]</a> Henry died in 1509 and was succeeded by his son King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. From 1510, More served as one of the two <a href="/wiki/Undersheriff" title="Undersheriff">undersheriffs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, a position of considerable responsibility in which he earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant. Interested in public health, he became a <a href="/wiki/Commissions_of_sewers" title="Commissions of sewers">Commissioner for Sewers</a> in 1514.<a href="#cite_note-Krivatsy-47">[42]</a> More became <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Requests_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Requests (England)">Master of Requests</a> in 1514,<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> the same year in which he was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/Privy_Counsellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Counsellor">Privy Counsellor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rebhorn-49">[44]</a> After undertaking a diplomatic mission to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a>, accompanying <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> (for the <a href="/wiki/Field_of_the_Cloth_of_Gold" title="Field of the Cloth of Gold">Field of the Cloth of Gold</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, More was knighted and made under-treasurer of the <a href="/wiki/Exchequer" title="Exchequer">Exchequer</a> in 1521.<a href="#cite_note-rebhorn-49">[44]</a> As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, More became increasingly influential: welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, attending the court of the <a href="/wiki/Star_Chamber" title="Star Chamber">Star Chamber</a> for his legal prowess but delegated to judge in the under-court for 'poor man's cases'<a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a>: 491, 492  and serving as a liaison between the King and Lord Chancellor Wolsey. More later served as <a href="/wiki/High_Steward_(academia)" title="High Steward (academia)">High Steward</a> for the Universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. In 1523 More was elected as <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_shire" title="Knight of the shire">knight of the shire</a> (MP) for <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency)">Middlesex</a> and, on Wolsey's recommendation, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons</a> elected More its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the House of Commons of England">Speaker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rebhorn-49">[44]</a> In 1525 More became <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a>, with executive and judicial responsibilities over much of northern England.<a href="#cite_note-rebhorn-49">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chancellorship">Chancellorship</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chancellorship">edit</a>]</div> After <a href="/wiki/Wolsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolsey">Wolsey</a> fell, More succeeded to the office of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> (the <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_chief_ministers" title="List of English chief ministers">chief government minister</a>) in 1529; this was the highest official responsible for equity and <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>, including contracts and royal household cases, and some misdemeanour appeals.<a href="#cite_note-pollard-51">[46]</a>: 527  He dispatched cases with unprecedented rapidity. Putting into effect his proposals for public sanitation that he had first suggested in Utopia, in 1532 he was responsible for introducing into law the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Sewers" title="Statute of Sewers">Statute of Sewers</a> (23 Henry VII, cap.5).<a href="#cite_note-Krivatsy-47">[42]</a> As Lord Chancellor he was a member (and probably the Presiding Judge at the court when present, who spoke last and cast the deciding vote in case of ties)<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a>: 61  of the Court of the <a href="/wiki/Star_Chamber" title="Star Chamber">Star Chamber</a>, an appeals court on civil and criminal matters, including riot and sedition, that was the final appeal in dissenter's trials.<a href="#cite_note-53">[note 6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_against_the_Protestant_Reformation">Campaign against the Protestant Reformation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campaign against the Protestant Reformation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HouseOfMore.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/HouseOfMore.JPG/250px-HouseOfMore.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/HouseOfMore.JPG/330px-HouseOfMore.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/HouseOfMore.JPG/500px-HouseOfMore.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Sir Thomas More is commemorated with a sculpture at the late-19th-century Sir Thomas More House, <a href="/wiki/Carey_Street" title="Carey Street">Carey Street</a>, London, opposite the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice" title="Royal Courts of Justice">Royal Courts of Justice</a>.</figcaption></figure> More supported the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and saw the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> as <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a>, a threat to the unity of both church and society. More believed in the theology, argumentation, and ecclesiastical laws of the church, and "heard Luther's call to destroy the Catholic Church as a call to war."<a href="#cite_note-Gerard-54">[48]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Heresy was the single most time-consuming issue Thomas More dealt with in his chancellorship, and probably in the whole of the last ten years of his life.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rex" title="Richard Rex">Richard Rex</a>, More and the heretics: statesman or fanatic?<a href="#cite_note-rex-55">[49]</a>: 107 </cite></div></blockquote> More wrote a series of books and pamphlets in English and Latin to respond to Protestants, and in his official capacities took action against the illegal book trade, notably fronting a diplomatically-sensitive raid in 1525 of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic Merchants</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Steelyard" title="Steelyard">Steelyard</a> in role as chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster<a href="#cite_note-rex-55">[49]</a>: 106  and given his diplomatic experience negotiating with the Hanse.<a href="#cite_note-56">[50]</a>: 150  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Debates_with_Tyndale">Debates with Tyndale</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Debates with Tyndale">edit</a>]</div> More wrote several books against the first edition of <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">Tyndale's</a> <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bible" title="Tyndale Bible">English translation of the New Testament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuellerLoewenstein200293,_(footnote_36)-57">[51]</a> More wrote the Dialogue concerning Heresies (1529), Tyndale responded with An Answer to Sir T. More's Dialogue (1530), and More replied with his Confutation of Tyndale's Answer (1532).<a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a> More also wrote or contributed to several other anti-Lutheran books. One of More's criticisms of the initial Tyndale translation was that despite claiming to be in the vernacular, Tyndale had employed numerous neologisms: for example, Jehovah, scapegoat, Passover, atonement, mercy seat, shewbread.<a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a> More also accused Tyndale of deliberately avoiding common translations in favour of biased words: such as using the emotion love instead of the practical action charity for Greek agape, using the neologism senior instead of priest for the Greek presbyteros<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiscockWilcox2017547-60">[54]</a> (Tyndale changed this to elder), and the Latinate congregation instead of church.<a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a> Tyndale's Bibles include text other than the scriptures: some of Tyndale's prefaces were direct translations of Martin Luther,<a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> and it included marginal glosses which challenged Catholic doctrine.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan2014-63">[57]</a> One notable exchange occurred over More's attack on Tyndale's use of congregation. Tyndale pointed out that he was following "your darling" Erasmus' Latin translation of ecclesia into congregatio. More replied that Erasmus needed to coin congregatio because there was no good Latin word, while English had the perfectly fine church, but that the intent and theology under the words were all important: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">I have not contended with Erasmus my darling, because I found no such malicious intent with Erasmus my darling, as I find with Tyndale. For had I found with Erasmus my darling the cunning intent and purpose that I find in Tyndale: Erasmus my darling should be no more my darling. But I find in Erasmus my darling that he detests and abhors the errors and heresies that Tyndale plainly teaches and abides by and therefore Erasmus my darling shall be my dear darling still. And surely if Tyndale had either never taught them, or yet had the grace to revoke them: then should Tyndale be my dear darling too. But while he holds such heresies still I cannot take for my darling him that the devil takes for his darling.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Thomas More<a href="#cite_note-Thomas_More:_First_and_Best_Apologi-43">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Martz1990-65">[note 7]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation">Resignation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Resignation">edit</a>]</div> As the conflict over supremacy between the Papacy and the King reached its peak, More continued to remain steadfast in supporting the <a href="/wiki/Papal_supremacy" title="Papal supremacy">supremacy of the Pope</a> as <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Successor of Peter</a> over that of the King of England. Parliament's reinstatement of the charge of <a href="/wiki/Praemunire" title="Praemunire">praemunire</a> in 1529 had made it a crime to support in public or office the claim of any authority outside the realm (such as the Papacy) to have a legal jurisdiction superior to the King's.<a href="#cite_note-Kelly_xiv-66">[59]</a> In 1530, More refused to sign a letter by the leading English churchmen and aristocrats asking <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> to <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_nullity" title="Declaration of nullity">annul</a> Henry's marriage to <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a>, and also quarrelled with Henry VIII over the heresy laws. In 1531, a royal decree required the clergy to take an <a href="/wiki/English_post-Reformation_oaths" title="English post-Reformation oaths">oath acknowledging the King</a> as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Head_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Head of the Church of England">Supreme Head of the Church of England</a>. The bishops at the <a href="/wiki/Convocation_of_Canterbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Convocation of Canterbury">Convocation of Canterbury</a> in 1532 agreed to sign the Oath but only under threat of prosecution for praemunire and only after these words were added: "as far as the law of Christ allows".<a href="#cite_note-67">[60]</a> This was considered to be the final <a href="/wiki/Submission_of_the_Clergy" title="Submission of the Clergy">Submission of the Clergy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[61]</a> Cardinal <a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a> and some other clergy refused to sign. Henry purged most clergy who supported the papal stance from senior positions in the church. More continued to refuse to sign the Oath of Supremacy and did not agree to support the annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine.<a href="#cite_note-Kelly_xiv-66">[59]</a> However, he did not openly reject the King's actions and kept his opinions private.<a href="#cite_note-Richards8-69">[62]</a> On 16 May 1532, More resigned from his role as Chancellor but remained in Henry's favour despite his refusal.<a href="#cite_note-70">[63]</a> His decision to resign was caused by the decision of the convocation of the English Church, which was under intense royal threat, on the day before.<a href="#cite_note-71">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy_on_extent_of_prosecution_of_heretics">Controversy on extent of prosecution of heretics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Controversy on extent of prosecution of heretics">edit</a>]</div> There is considerable variation in opinion on the extent and nature of More's prosecution of heretics: witness the difference in portrayals of More in <a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(play)" title="A Man for All Seasons (play)">A Man for All Seasons</a> as an urbane hero of conscience and in <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Hall" title="Wolf Hall">Wolf Hall</a> as a "mere dessicated fanatic."<a href="#cite_note-72">[65]</a> The English establishment initially regarded <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> (and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_rebellion" title="Münster rebellion">Anabaptists</a>) as akin to the <a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Lollards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hussites#Hussite_Wars_(1419–1434)" title="Hussites">Hussites</a> whose heresies fed their sedition.<a href="#cite_note-73">[note 8]</a> Ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Tunstall" title="Cuthbert Tunstall">Cuthbert Tunstall</a> called <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> the "foster-child" of the Wycliffite heresy<a href="#cite_note-74">[66]</a> that had underpinned <a href="/wiki/Lollardy" title="Lollardy">Lollardy</a>. Historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rex" title="Richard Rex">Richard Rex</a> wrote:<a href="#cite_note-rex-55">[49]</a>: 106  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Thomas More, as lord chancellor [1529–1532], was in effect the first port of call for those arrested in London on suspicion of heresy, and he took the initial decisions about whether to release them, where to imprison them, or to which bishop to send them. He can be connected with police or judicial proceedings against around forty suspected or convicted heretics in the years 1529–33.<a href="#cite_note-75">[note 9]</a> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torture_allegations">Torture allegations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Torture allegations">edit</a>]</div> Torture was not officially legal in England, except in pre-trial discovery phase<a href="#cite_note-76">[67]</a>: 62  of kinds of extreme cases that the King had allowed, such as seditious heresy. It was regarded as unsafe for evidence, and was not an allowed punishment. Stories emerged in More's lifetime regarding persecution of the Protestant "heretics" during his time as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>, and he denied them in detail in his Apologia (1533). Many stories were later published by the 16th-century English Protestant historian <a href="/wiki/John_Foxe" title="John Foxe">John Foxe</a> in his polemical <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Martyrs">Book of Martyrs</a>. Foxe was instrumental in publicizing accusations of torture, alleging that More had often personally used violence or torture while interrogating heretics.<a href="#cite_note-77">[68]</a> Later Protestant authors such as <a href="/wiki/Brian_Moynahan" title="Brian Moynahan">Brian Moynahan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Farris_(lawyer)" title="Michael Farris (lawyer)">Michael Farris</a> cite Foxe when repeating these allegations.<a href="#cite_note-78">[69]</a> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a> also lists claims from Foxe's Book of Martyrs and other post-Reformation sources that More "tied heretics to a tree in his Chelsea garden and whipped them", that "he watched as 'newe men' were put upon the rack in the Tower and tortured until they confessed", and that "he was personally responsible for the burning of several of the 'brethren' in Smithfield."<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 305  Historian <a href="/wiki/John_Guy_(historian)" title="John Guy (historian)">John Guy</a> commented that "such charges are unsupported by independent proof."<a href="#cite_note-79">[note 10]</a> Modern historian <a href="/wiki/Diarmaid_MacCulloch" title="Diarmaid MacCulloch">Diarmaid MacCulloch</a> finds no evidence that More was directly involved in torture.<a href="#cite_note-80">[note 11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Marius" title="Richard Marius">Richard Marius</a> records a similar claim, which tells about James Bainham, and writes that "the story Foxe told of Bainham's whipping and racking at More's hands is universally doubted today".<a href="#cite_note-Marius406-81">[note 12]</a> More himself denied these allegations: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Stories of a similar nature were current even in More's lifetime and he denied them forcefully. He admitted that he did imprison heretics in his house – 'theyr sure kepynge'<a href="#cite_note-82">[note 13]</a> – he called it – but he utterly rejected claims of torture and whipping... 'as help me God.'<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 298–299 </blockquote> More instead claimed in his Apology (1533) that he only applied corporal punishment to two "heretics": a child servant in his household who was caned (the customary punishment for children at that time) for repeating a heresy regarding the Eucharist, and a "feeble-minded" man who was whipped for disrupting the mass by raising women's skirts over their heads at the moment of consecration, More taking the action to prevent a lynching.<a href="#cite_note-Marius-83">[70]</a>: 404  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executions">Executions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Executions">edit</a>]</div> Burning at the stake was the standard punishment by the English state for obstinate or relapsed, major seditious or proselytizing heresy, and continued to be used by both Catholics and Protestants during the religious upheaval of the following decades.<a href="#cite_note-84">[71]</a> In England, following the <a href="/wiki/Lollard" class="mw-redirect" title="Lollard">Lollard</a> uprisings, heresy had been linked to sedition (see <a href="/wiki/De_heretico_comburendo" title="De heretico comburendo">De heretico comburendo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Heresy_Act_1414" title="Suppression of Heresy Act 1414">Suppression of Heresy Act 1414</a>.) Ackroyd and MacCulloch agree that More zealously approved of burning.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 298  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Marius" title="Richard Marius">Richard Marius</a> maintained that in office More did everything in his power to bring about the extermination of heretics.<a href="#cite_note-Marius406-85">[72]</a> During More's chancellorship, six people were burned at the stake for heresy, the same rate as under <a href="/wiki/Wolsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolsey">Wolsey</a>: they were <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hitton" title="Thomas Hitton">Thomas Hitton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bilney" title="Thomas Bilney">Thomas Bilney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bayfield" title="Richard Bayfield">Richard Bayfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Tewkesbury" title="John Tewkesbury">John Tewkesbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dusgate" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Dusgate">Thomas Dusgate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Bainham" title="James Bainham">James Bainham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 299–306  However, the court of the <a href="/wiki/Star_Chamber" title="Star Chamber">Star Chamber</a>, of which More as Lord Chancellor was the presiding judge, could not impose the death sentence: it was a kind of appellate <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">supreme court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-maitland-86">[73]</a>: 263  More took a personal interest in the three London cases:<a href="#cite_note-rex-55">[49]</a>: 105  <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Tewkesbury" title="John Tewkesbury">John Tewkesbury</a> was a London leather seller found guilty by the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Stokesley" title="John Stokesley">John Stokesley</a> of harbouring English translated New Testaments; he was sentenced to burning for refusing to recant.<a href="#cite_note-87">[74]</a> More declared: he "burned as there was neuer wretche I wene better worthy."<a href="#cite_note-88">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bayfield" title="Richard Bayfield">Richard Bayfield</a> was found distributing Tyndale's Bibles, and examined by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Tunstall" title="Cuthbert Tunstall">Cuthbert Tunstall</a>. More commented that he was "well and worthely burned".<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 305 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bainham" title="James Bainham">James Bainham</a> was arrested on a warrant of Thomas More as Lord Chancellor and detained at his gatehouse. He was examined by Bishop John Stokesley, abjured, penalized and freed. He subsequently re-canted, and was re-arrested, tried and executed as a relapsed heretic.</li></ul> Historian <a href="/wiki/Brian_Moynahan" title="Brian Moynahan">Brian Moynahan</a> alleged that More influenced the eventual execution of <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a> in the Duchy of Brabant, as English agents had long pursued Tyndale. Historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rex" title="Richard Rex">Richard Rex</a> argues that linking the execution to More was "bizarre".<a href="#cite_note-rex-55">[49]</a>: 93  Moynihan named Henry Phillips, a student at the <a href="/wiki/Old_University_of_Leuven" title="Old University of Leuven">University of Louvain</a> and follower of Bishop Stokesley, as the man More commissioned to befriend Tyndale and then betray him.<a href="#cite_note-89">[76]</a> However, the execution took place on 6 October 1536, sixteen months after More himself had been executed, and in a different jurisdiction. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_treatment">Modern treatment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Modern treatment">edit</a>]</div> Modern commentators have been divided over More's character and actions. Some biographers, including <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a>, have taken a relatively tolerant<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-ch22a-90">[note 14]</a> or even positive<a href="#cite_note-JoannePaul2016a-91">[note 15]</a> view of More's campaign against Protestantism by placing his actions within the turbulent religious climate of the time and the threat of deadly catastrophes such as the <a href="/wiki/German_Peasants%27_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="German Peasants' Revolt">German Peasants' Revolt</a>, which More blamed on Luther,<a href="#cite_note-92">[note 16]</a> as did many others, such as <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wegemer2001a-93">[note 17]</a> Others have been more critical, such as writer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Marius" title="Richard Marius">Richard Marius</a>, an American scholar of the Reformation, believing that such persecutions were a betrayal of More's earlier humanist convictions, including More's zealous and well-documented advocacy of extermination for heretics.<a href="#cite_note-Marius-83">[70]</a>: 386–406  This supposed contradiction has been called "schizophrenic."<a href="#cite_note-rex-55">[49]</a>: 108  He has been called a "zealous legalist [...] [with an] itchy finesse of cruelty".<a href="#cite_note-94">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> honoured him by making More <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of statesmen and politicians in October 2000, stating: "It can be said that he demonstrated in a singular way the value of a moral conscience [...] even if, in his actions against heretics, he reflected the limits of the culture of his time".<a href="#cite_note-JP2PatronSaint-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Australian_High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian High Court">Australian High Court</a> judge and President of the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_of_Jurists" title="International Commission of Jurists">International Commission of Jurists</a>, Justice <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kirby_(judge)" title="Michael Kirby (judge)">Michael Kirby</a> has noted: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">More's resignation as Lord Chancellor demonstrates also a recognition of the fact that, so long as he held office, he was obliged to conform to the King's law. It is often the fact that judges and lawyers must perform acts which they do not particularly like. In Utopia, for example, More had written that he believed capital punishment to be immoral, reprehensible and unjustifiable. Yet as Lord Chancellor and as councillor to the King, he certainly participated in sending hundreds of people to their death, a troubling thought. Doubtless he saw himself, as many judges before and since have done, as a mere instrument of the legal power of the State. <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"Thomas More, Martin Luther and the Judiciary today," speech to Thomas More Society, 1997<a href="#cite_note-95">[78]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indictment,_trial_and_execution">Indictment, trial and execution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Indictment, trial and execution">edit</a>]</div> In 1533, More refused to attend the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Anne_Boleyn" title="Coronation of Anne Boleyn">coronation of Anne Boleyn</a> as <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_royal_consorts" title="List of English royal consorts">Queen of England</a>. Technically, this was not an act of treason, as More had written to Henry seemingly acknowledging Anne's queenship and expressing his desire for the King's happiness and the new Queen's health.<a href="#cite_note-96">[note 18]</a> Despite this, his refusal to attend was widely interpreted as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him. Shortly thereafter, More was charged with accepting bribes, but the charges had to be dismissed for lack of any evidence. In early 1534, More was accused by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Thomas Cromwell</a> of having given advice and counsel to the "Holy Maid of Kent," <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barton" title="Elizabeth Barton">Elizabeth Barton</a>, a nun who had prophesied that the King had ruined his soul and would come to a quick end for having divorced Queen Catherine. This was a month after Barton had confessed, which was possibly done under royal pressure,<a href="#cite_note-97">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[80]</a> and was said to be concealment of treason.<a href="#cite_note-99">[81]</a> Though it was dangerous for anyone to have anything to do with Barton, More had met her and was impressed by her fervour. However, More was prudent and told her not to interfere with state matters. More was called before a committee of the Privy Council to answer these charges of treason and, after his respectful answers, the matter seemed to have been dropped.<a href="#cite_note-Lee1904-100">[82]</a> On 13 April 1534, More was asked to appear before a commission and swear his allegiance to the parliamentary <a href="/wiki/First_Succession_Act" title="First Succession Act">Act of Succession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[note 19]</a> More accepted Parliament's right to declare <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a> the legitimate Queen of England, though he refused "the spiritual validity of the King's second marriage"<a href="#cite_note-102">[83]</a> and, holding fast to the teaching of <a href="/wiki/Papal_supremacy" title="Papal supremacy">papal supremacy</a>, he steadfastly refused to take the oath of supremacy of the Crown in the relationship between the kingdom and the church in England. More also publicly refused to uphold Henry's annulment from Catherine. <a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a>, Bishop of Rochester, refused the oath along with More. The oath reads in part:<a href="#cite_note-103">[84]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">By reason whereof the Bishop of Rome and See Apostolic, contrary to the great and inviolable grants of jurisdictions given by God immediately to emperors, kings and princes in succession to their heirs, hath presumed in times past to invest who should please them to inherit in other men's kingdoms and dominions, which thing we your most humble subjects, both spiritual and temporal, do most abhor and detest...</blockquote> In addition to refusing to support the King's annulment or supremacy, More refused to sign the 1534 <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="Oath of Succession">Oath of Succession</a> confirming Anne's role as queen and the rights of their children to succession. More's fate was sealed.<a href="#cite_note-104">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[86]</a> While he had no argument with the basic concept of succession as stated in the Act, the preamble of the Oath repudiated the authority of the Pope.<a href="#cite_note-Richards8-69">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indictment">Indictment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Indictment">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_5211.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_5211.JPG/250px-London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_5211.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_5211.JPG/375px-London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_5211.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_5211.JPG/500px-London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_5211.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The site of the scaffold at <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a> just north of the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, where More was executed by decapitation</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_plaque_5214.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_plaque_5214.JPG/250px-London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_plaque_5214.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_plaque_5214.JPG/375px-London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_plaque_5214.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_plaque_5214.JPG/500px-London_01_2013_Tower_Hill_scaffold_plaque_5214.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A commemorative plaque at the site of the ancient scaffold at Tower Hill, with Sir Thomas More listed among other notables executed at the site</div></div></div></div></div> More's enemies had enough evidence to have the King arrest him on treason. Four days later, Henry had More imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. There More prepared a devotional, <a href="/wiki/Dialogue_of_Comfort_against_Tribulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation">Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation</a>. While More was imprisoned in the Tower, Thomas Cromwell made several visits, urging More to take the oath, which he continued to refuse. In his unfinished History of the Passion, written in the Tower to his daughter Meg, he wrote of feeling favoured by God: "For methinketh God maketh me a wanton, and setteth me on his lap and dandleth me."<a href="#cite_note-108">[89]</a> The charges of <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a> related to More's violating the statutes as to the King's supremacy (malicious silence) and conspiring with Bishop <a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a> in this respect (malicious conspiracy) and, according to some sources, included asserting that Parliament did not have the right to proclaim the King's Supremacy over the English Church. One group of scholars believes that the judges dismissed the first two charges (malicious acts) and tried More only on the final one, but others strongly disagree.<a href="#cite_note-Kelly_xiv-66">[59]</a> Regardless of the specific charges, the indictment related to violation of the <a href="/wiki/Treasons_Act_1534" title="Treasons Act 1534">Treasons Act 1534</a> which declared it treason to speak against the King's Supremacy:<a href="#cite_note-109">[90]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">If any person or persons, after the first day of February next coming, do maliciously wish, will or desire, by words or writing, or by craft imagine, invent, practise, or attempt any bodily harm to be done or committed to the king's most royal person, the queen's, or their heirs apparent, or to deprive them or any of them of their dignity, title, or name of their royal estates [...] That then every such person and persons so offending [...] shall have and suffer such pains of death and other penalties, as is limited and accustomed in cases of high treason.<a href="#cite_note-110">[91]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial">Trial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Trial">edit</a>]</div> The trial was held on 1 July 1535, before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley,_1st_Baron_Audley_of_Walden" title="Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden">Thomas Audley</a>, as well as Anne Boleyn's uncle <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk</a>, her father <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boleyn,_1st_Earl_of_Wiltshire" title="Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire">Thomas Boleyn</a>, and her brother <a href="/wiki/George_Boleyn" class="mw-redirect" title="George Boleyn">George Boleyn</a>. Norfolk offered More the chance of the King's "gracious pardon" should he "reform his [...] obstinate opinion". More responded that, although he had not taken the oath, he had never spoken out against it either and that his silence could be accepted as his "ratification and confirmation" of the new statutes.<a href="#cite_note-111">[92]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nb_pinacoteca_yeames_the_meeting_of_sir_thomas_more_with_his_daughter_after_his_sentence_of_death.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nb_pinacoteca_yeames_the_meeting_of_sir_thomas_more_with_his_daughter_after_his_sentence_of_death.jpg/260px-Nb_pinacoteca_yeames_the_meeting_of_sir_thomas_more_with_his_daughter_after_his_sentence_of_death.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nb_pinacoteca_yeames_the_meeting_of_sir_thomas_more_with_his_daughter_after_his_sentence_of_death.jpg/390px-Nb_pinacoteca_yeames_the_meeting_of_sir_thomas_more_with_his_daughter_after_his_sentence_of_death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Nb_pinacoteca_yeames_the_meeting_of_sir_thomas_more_with_his_daughter_after_his_sentence_of_death.jpg/520px-Nb_pinacoteca_yeames_the_meeting_of_sir_thomas_more_with_his_daughter_after_his_sentence_of_death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Yeames" title="William Frederick Yeames">William Frederick Yeames</a>, The meeting of Sir Thomas More with his daughter after his sentence of death, 1872</figcaption></figure> Thus More was relying upon legal precedent and the maxim <a href="/wiki/Qui_tacet_consentire_videtur" class="mw-redirect" title="Qui tacet consentire videtur">qui tacet consentire videtur</a> ("one who keeps silent seems to consent"),<a href="#cite_note-112">[93]</a> understanding that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.<a href="#cite_note-113">[94]</a> Thomas Cromwell, at the time the most powerful of the King's advisors, brought forth <a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Solicitor General for England and Wales">Solicitor General</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rich" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Rich">Richard Rich</a> to testify that More had, in his presence, denied that the King was the legitimate head of the Church. This testimony was characterised by More as being extremely dubious. Witnesses <a href="/wiki/Richard_Southwell_(courtier)" title="Richard Southwell (courtier)">Richard Southwell</a> and Mr. Palmer (a servant to Southwell) were also present and both denied having heard the details of the reported conversation.<a href="#cite_note-114">[95]</a> As More himself pointed out: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Can it therefore seem likely to your Lordships, that I should in so weighty an Affair as this, act so unadvisedly, as to trust Mr. Rich, a Man I had always so mean an Opinion of, in reference to his Truth and Honesty, [...] that I should only impart to Mr. Rich the Secrets of my Conscience in respect to the King's Supremacy, the particular Secrets, and only Point about which I have been so long pressed to explain my self? which I never did, nor never would reveal; when the Act was once made, either to the King himself, or any of his Privy Councillors, as is well known to your Honours, who have been sent upon no other account at several times by his Majesty to me in the Tower. I refer it to your Judgments, my Lords, whether this can seem credible to any of your Lordships.<a href="#cite_note-115">[96]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:History_of_the_great_reformation_in_Europe_in_the_times_of_Luther_and_Calvin.._(1870)_(14785678593).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/History_of_the_great_reformation_in_Europe_in_the_times_of_Luther_and_Calvin.._%281870%29_%2814785678593%29.jpg/250px-History_of_the_great_reformation_in_Europe_in_the_times_of_Luther_and_Calvin.._%281870%29_%2814785678593%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/History_of_the_great_reformation_in_Europe_in_the_times_of_Luther_and_Calvin.._%281870%29_%2814785678593%29.jpg/330px-History_of_the_great_reformation_in_Europe_in_the_times_of_Luther_and_Calvin.._%281870%29_%2814785678593%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/History_of_the_great_reformation_in_Europe_in_the_times_of_Luther_and_Calvin.._%281870%29_%2814785678593%29.jpg/500px-History_of_the_great_reformation_in_Europe_in_the_times_of_Luther_and_Calvin.._%281870%29_%2814785678593%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="3700" /></a><figcaption>Beheading of Thomas More, 1870 illustration</figcaption></figure> The jury took only fifteen minutes to find More guilty. After the jury's verdict was delivered and before his sentencing, More spoke freely of his belief that "no temporal man may be the head of the spirituality" (take over the role of the Pope). According to <a href="/wiki/William_Roper" title="William Roper">William Roper</a>'s account, More was pleading that the Statute of Supremacy was contrary to <a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a>, to Church laws and to the laws of England, attempting to void the entire indictment against him.<a href="#cite_note-Kelly_xiv-66">[59]</a> He was sentenced to be <a href="/wiki/Hanged,_drawn,_and_quartered" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanged, drawn, and quartered">hanged, drawn, and quartered</a> (the usual punishment for traitors who were not the nobility), but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation.<a href="#cite_note-116">[note 20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Execution">Execution</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Execution">edit</a>]</div> The execution took place on 6 July 1535 at <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a>. When he came to mount the steps to the scaffold, its frame seeming so weak that it might collapse,<a href="#cite_note-117">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[98]</a> More is widely quoted as saying (to one of the officials): "I pray you, master Lieutenant, see me safe up and [for] my coming down, let me shift for my self";<a href="#cite_note-119">[99]</a> while on the scaffold he declared that he died "the king's good servant, and God's first." Theologian <a href="/wiki/Scott_Hahn" title="Scott Hahn">Scott Hahn</a> notes that the misquoted "but God's first" is a line from <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a>'s stage play <a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(play)" title="A Man for All Seasons (play)">A Man For All Seasons</a>, which differs from More's actual words.<a href="#cite_note-120">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[note 21]</a> After More had finished reciting the <a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">Miserere</a> while kneeling,<a href="#cite_note-122">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWordsworth1810222–223-123">[102]</a> the executioner reportedly begged his pardon, then More rose up, kissed him and forgave him.<a href="#cite_note-124">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relics">Relics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Relics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_More_Tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Thomas_More_Tomb.JPG/220px-Thomas_More_Tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Thomas_More_Tomb.JPG/330px-Thomas_More_Tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Thomas_More_Tomb.JPG/440px-Thomas_More_Tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Thomas More's grave, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula" title="Church of St Peter ad Vincula">Chapel Royal of St Peter ad Vincula</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s_Church_(Canterbury).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s_Church_%28Canterbury%29.jpg/170px-Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s_Church_%28Canterbury%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s_Church_%28Canterbury%29.jpg/255px-Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s_Church_%28Canterbury%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s_Church_%28Canterbury%29.jpg/340px-Sir_Thomas_More_family%27s_vault_in_St_Dunstan%27s_Church_%28Canterbury%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1865" data-file-height="2771" /></a><figcaption>Sir Thomas More family's vault</figcaption></figure> Another comment More is believed to have made to the executioner is that his beard was completely innocent of any crime, and did not deserve the axe; he then positioned his beard so that it would not be harmed.<a href="#cite_note-128">[107]</a> More asked that his adopted daughter <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Clement" title="Margaret Clement">Margaret Clement</a> (née Giggs) be given his headless corpse to bury.<a href="#cite_note-129">[108]</a> She was the only member of his family to witness his execution. He was buried at the Tower of London, in the chapel of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula" title="Church of St Peter ad Vincula">St Peter ad Vincula</a> in an unmarked grave. His head was <a href="/wiki/Head_on_a_spike" title="Head on a spike">fixed upon a pike</a> over <a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a> for a month, according to the normal custom for traitors. More's daughter Margaret Roper (née More) later rescued the severed head.<a href="#cite_note-130">[109]</a> It is believed to rest in the Roper Vault of <a href="/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury" title="St. Dunstan's, Canterbury">St Dunstan's Church, Canterbury</a>,<a href="#cite_note-131">[110]</a> perhaps with the remains of Margaret and her husband's family.<a href="#cite_note-132">[111]</a> Some have claimed that the head is buried within the tomb erected for More in Chelsea Old Church.<a href="#cite_note-133">[112]</a> Among other surviving relics is his <a href="/wiki/Hair_shirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair shirt">hair shirt</a>, presented for safe keeping by Margaret Clement.<a href="#cite_note-r6-134">[113]</a> This was long in the custody of the community of Augustinian canonesses who until 1983 lived at the convent at <a href="/wiki/Abbotskerswell_Priory" title="Abbotskerswell Priory">Abbotskerswell Priory</a>, Devon. Some sources, including one from 2004, claimed that the shirt, made of <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goat hair</a> was then at the Martyr's church on the Weld family's estate in <a href="/wiki/Chideock" title="Chideock">Chideock</a>, Dorset.<a href="#cite_note-135">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[115]</a> It is now preserved at <a href="/wiki/Buckfast_Abbey" title="Buckfast Abbey">Buckfast Abbey</a>, near Buckfastleigh in Devon.<a href="#cite_note-137">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epitaph">Epitaph</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Epitaph">edit</a>]</div> In 1533, More wrote to Erasmus and included what he intended should be the epitaph on his family tomb: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> Within this tomb Jane, wife of More, reclines;  This More for Alice and himself designs.  The first, dear object of my youthful vow,  Gave me three daughters and a son to know;  The next—ah! virtue in a stepdame rare!—  Nursed my sweet infants with a mother's care.  With both my years so happily have past,  Which most my love, I know not—first or last.  Oh! had religion destiny allowed,  How smoothly mixed had our three fortunes flowed!  But, be we in the tomb, in heaven allied,  So kinder death shall grant what life denied.<a href="#cite_note-139">[118]</a> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarly_and_literary_work">Scholarly and literary work</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Scholarly and literary work">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_King_Richard_III">History of King Richard III</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: History of King Richard III">edit</a>]</div> Between 1512 and 1519 More worked on a History of <a href="/wiki/King_Richard_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Richard III">King Richard III</a>, which he never finished but which was published after his death. The History is a Renaissance biography, remarkable more for its literary skill and adherence to classical precepts than for its historical accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWegemer1996218-140">[119]</a> Some consider it an attack on royal tyranny, rather than on Richard III himself or the <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">House of York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[120]</a> More uses a more dramatic writing style than had been typical in medieval chronicles; Richard III is limned as an outstanding, archetypal tyrant—however, More was only seven years old when Richard III was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Bosworth">Battle of Bosworth</a> in 1485, so he had no first-hand knowledge of him. The History of King Richard III was written and published in both English and Latin, each written separately, and with information deleted from the Latin edition to suit a European readership.<a href="#cite_note-Logan168-142">[121]</a> It greatly influenced <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a>. Modern historians attribute the unflattering portraits of Richard III in both works to both authors' allegiance to the reigning <a href="/wiki/Tudor_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor dynasty">Tudor dynasty</a> that wrested the throne from Richard III in the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Logan168-142">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[122]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Barron" title="Caroline Barron">Caroline Barron</a>, Archbishop John Morton, in whose household More had served as a page <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" />(see above), had joined the 1483 <a href="/wiki/Buckingham%27s_rebellion" title="Buckingham's rebellion">Buckingham rebellion</a> against Richard III, and Morton was probably one of those who influenced More's hostility towards the defeated king.<a href="#cite_note-144">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Clements_Markham" title="Clements Markham">Clements Markham</a> asserts that the actual author of the chronicle was, in large part, Archbishop Morton himself and that More was simply copying, or perhaps translating, Morton's original material.<a href="#cite_note-146">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utopia">Utopia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Utopia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Utopia_(book)" title="Utopia (book)">Utopia (book)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Insel_Utopia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Insel_Utopia.png/250px-Insel_Utopia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Insel_Utopia.png/330px-Insel_Utopia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Insel_Utopia.png/500px-Insel_Utopia.png 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>A 1516 illustration of Utopia</figcaption></figure> More's best known and most controversial work, <a href="/wiki/Utopia_(book)" title="Utopia (book)">Utopia</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Frame_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame narrative">frame narrative</a> written in Latin.<a href="#cite_note-148">[127]</a> More completed the book, and theologian <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> published it in <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a> in 1516. It was only translated into English and published in his native land in 1551 (16 years after his execution), and the 1684 translation became the most commonly cited. More (who is also a character in the book) and the narrator/traveller, Raphael Hythlodaeus (whose name alludes both to the healer archangel <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>, and 'speaker of nonsense', the surname's Greek meaning), discuss modern ills in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, as well as describe the political arrangements of the imaginary island country of Utopia (a Greek pun on 'ou-topos' [no place] and 'eu-topos' [good place]) among themselves as well as to <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Gillis" title="Pieter Gillis">Pieter Gillis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_van_Busleyden" title="Hieronymus van Busleyden">Hieronymus van Busleyden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[128]</a> Utopia's original edition included a symmetrical "<a href="/wiki/Utopian_language#Writing_system" title="Utopian language">Utopian alphabet</a>" omitted by later editions, but which may have been an early attempt or precursor of <a href="/wiki/Shorthand" title="Shorthand">shorthand</a>. Utopia is structured into two parts, both with much <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a>: Book I has conversations between friends on various European political issues: the treatment of criminals, the <a href="/wiki/Enclosure_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclosure movement">enclosure movement</a>, etc.; Book II is a remembered discourse by Raphael Hythlodaeus on his supposed travels, in which the earlier issues are revisited in fantastical but concrete forms that has been called mythical idealism. For example, the proposition in the Book I "no republic can be prosperous or justly governed where there is private property and money is the measure of everything."<a href="#cite_note-nyers-150">[129]</a> Utopia contrasts the contentious social life of European states with the perfectly orderly, reasonable social arrangements of Utopia and its environs (Tallstoria, Nolandia, and Aircastle). In Utopia, there are no lawyers because of the laws' simplicity and because social gatherings are in public view (encouraging participants to behave well), communal ownership supplants private property, men and women are educated alike, and there is almost complete religious toleration (except for atheists, who are allowed but despised). More may have used <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monastic communalism</a> as his model, although other concepts he presents such as legalising <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a> remain far outside Church doctrine. Hythlodaeus asserts that a man who refuses to believe in a god or an afterlife could never be trusted, because he would not acknowledge any authority or principle outside himself. A scholar has suggested that More is most interested in the type of citizen Utopia produces.<a href="#cite_note-nyers-150">[129]</a> Some take the novel's principal message to be the social need for order and discipline rather than liberty. Ironically, Hythlodaeus, who believes philosophers should not get involved in politics, addresses More's ultimate conflict between his humanistic beliefs and courtly duties as the King's servant, pointing out that one day those morals will come into conflict with the political reality. Utopia gave rise to a literary genre, <a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian fiction</a>, which features ideal societies or perfect cities, or their opposite. Works influenced by Utopia included <a href="/wiki/New_Atlantis" title="New Atlantis">New Atlantis</a> by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erewhon" title="Erewhon">Erewhon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butler_(novelist)" title="Samuel Butler (novelist)">Samuel Butler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Candide" title="Candide">Candide</a> by <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>. Although <a href="/wiki/Utopianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopianism">Utopianism</a> combined classical concepts of perfect societies (<a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>) with Roman rhetorical finesse (cf. <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quintilian" title="Quintilian">Quintilian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epideictic" title="Epideictic">epideictic</a> oratory), the Renaissance genre continued into the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> and survives in modern science fiction. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_polemics">Religious polemics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Religious polemics">edit</a>]</div> In 1520 the reformer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> published three works in quick succession: An Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (Aug.), Concerning the Babylonish Captivity of the Church (Oct.), and On the Liberty of a Christian Man (Nov.).<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 225  In these books, Luther set out his doctrine of salvation through faith alone, rejected certain Catholic practices, and attacked abuses and excesses within the Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 225–6  In 1521, Henry VIII formally responded to Luther's criticisms with the Assertio, written with More's assistance.<a href="#cite_note-151">[130]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a> rewarded the English king with the title "Fidei defensor" ("Defender of the Faith") for his work combating Luther's heresies.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 226–7  Martin Luther then attacked Henry VIII in print, calling him a "pig, dolt, and liar".<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 227  At the King's request, More composed a rebuttal: the <a href="/wiki/Responsio_ad_Lutherum" title="Responsio ad Lutherum">Responsio ad Lutherum</a> was published at the end of 1523. In the Responsio, More defended papal supremacy, the sacraments, and other Church traditions. More, though considered "a much steadier personality",<a href="#cite_note-152">[131]</a> described Luther as an "ape", a "drunkard", and a "lousy little friar" amongst other epithets.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 230  Writing under the pseudonym of Gulielmus Rosseus,<a href="#cite_note-rebhorn-49">[44]</a> More tells Luther that: <dl><dd>for as long as your reverend paternity will be determined to tell these shameless lies, others will be permitted, on behalf of his English majesty, to throw back into your paternity's shitty mouth, truly the shit-pool of all shit, all the muck and shit which your damnable rottenness has vomited up, and to empty out all the sewers and privies onto your crown divested of the dignity of the priestly crown, against which no less than the kingly crown you have determined to play the buffoon.<a href="#cite_note-rex102-153">[132]</a></dd></dl> His saying is followed with a kind of apology to his readers, while Luther possibly never apologized for his sayings.<a href="#cite_note-rex102-153">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Greenblatt" title="Stephen Greenblatt">Stephen Greenblatt</a> argues, "More speaks for his ruler and in his opponent's idiom; Luther speaks for himself, and his scatological imagery far exceeds in quantity, intensity, and inventiveness anything that More could muster. If for More scatology normally expresses a communal disapproval, for Luther, it expresses a deep personal rage."<a href="#cite_note-154">[133]</a> Confronting Luther confirmed More's theological conservatism. He thereafter avoided any hint of criticism of Church authority.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 230  In 1528, More published another religious polemic, A Dialogue Concerning Heresies, that asserted the Catholic Church was the one true church, established by Christ and the Apostles, and affirmed the validity of its authority, traditions and practices.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 279–81  In 1529, the circulation of <a href="/wiki/Simon_Fish" title="Simon Fish">Simon Fish</a>'s Supplication for the Beggars prompted More to respond with the Supplycatyon of Soulys. In 1531, a year after More's father died, <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a> published An Answer unto Sir Thomas More's Dialogue in response to More's Dialogue Concerning Heresies. More responded with a half million words: the Confutation of Tyndale's Answer. The Confutation is an imaginary dialogue between More and Tyndale, with More addressing each of Tyndale's criticisms of Catholic rites and doctrines.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 307–9  More, who valued structure, tradition and order in society as safeguards against tyranny and error, vehemently believed that Lutheranism and the Protestant Reformation in general were dangerous, not only to the Catholic faith but to the stability of society as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-Ackroyd-17">[17]</a>: 307–9  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Correspondence">Correspondence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Correspondence">edit</a>]</div> Most major humanists were prolific letter writers, and Thomas More was no exception. As in the case of his friend Erasmus of Rotterdam, however, only a small portion of his correspondence (about 280 letters) survived. These include everything from personal letters to official government correspondence (mostly in English), letters to fellow humanist scholars (in Latin), several epistolary tracts, verse epistles, prefatory letters (some fictional) to several of More's own works, letters to More's children and their tutors (in Latin), and the so-called "prison-letters" (in English) which he exchanged with his oldest daughter Margaret while he was imprisoned in the Tower of London awaiting execution.<a href="#cite_note-Gerard-54">[48]</a> More also engaged in controversies, most notably with the French poet <a href="/wiki/Germain_de_Brie" title="Germain de Brie">Germain de Brie</a>, which culminated in the publication of de Brie's Antimorus (1519). Erasmus intervened, however, and ended the dispute.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoynahan2014-63">[57]</a> More also wrote about more spiritual matters. They include: A Treatise on the Passion (a.k.a. Treatise on the Passion of Christ), A Treatise to Receive the Blessed Body (a.k.a. Holy Body Treaty), and De Tristitia Christi (a.k.a. The Agony of Christ). More handwrote the last in the Tower of London while awaiting his execution. This last manuscript, saved from the confiscation decreed by Henry VIII, passed by the will of his daughter Margaret to Spanish hands through Fray Pedro de Soto, dominican confessor of the count of Oropesa ambassador of the Emperor Charles V, that presented to saint Juan de Ribera archbishop of Valencia at that time and founder of <a href="/wiki/Real_Colegio_Seminario_del_Corpus_Christi" title="Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi">Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi</a> and its museum where it remains in the collection. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veneration">Veneration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Veneration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div> <div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Thomas More</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:MEDAILLON.OF.SAINT.THOMAS.MORE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/MEDAILLON.OF.SAINT.THOMAS.MORE.jpg/250px-MEDAILLON.OF.SAINT.THOMAS.MORE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/MEDAILLON.OF.SAINT.THOMAS.MORE.jpg/330px-MEDAILLON.OF.SAINT.THOMAS.MORE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/MEDAILLON.OF.SAINT.THOMAS.MORE.jpg/500px-MEDAILLON.OF.SAINT.THOMAS.MORE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="950" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of Saint Thomas More, executed on Tower Hill (London) in 1535, apparently based on the Holbein portrait.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Reformation Martyr, Scholar</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29 December 1886, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19 May 1935, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula" title="Church of St Peter ad Vincula">Church of St Peter ad Vincula</a>, London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22 June (Catholic Church) 6 July (Church of England) 9 July (Catholic Extraordinary Form)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">dressed in the robe of the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Chancellor</a> and wearing the <a href="/wiki/Livery_collar" title="Livery collar">Collar of Esses</a>; <a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Statesmen and politicians; <a href="/wiki/Lawyers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawyers">lawyers</a>; Ateneo de Manila Law School; <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Arlington" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Arlington">Diocese of Arlington</a>; <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pensacola-Tallahassee" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee">Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Catholic_Youth_Movement" title="Kerala Catholic Youth Movement">Kerala Catholic Youth Movement</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University of Malta</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas_Faculty_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Arts and Letters">University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Arts and Letters</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catholic_Church"> Catholic Church</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Catholic Church">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> <a href="/wiki/Beatified" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatified">beatified</a> Thomas More, <a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_martyrs_of_the_English_Reformation#Beatified_29_December_1886_by_Pope_Leo_XIII" title="List of Catholic martyrs of the English Reformation">52 other English Martyrs</a> on 29 December 1886. Pope Pius XI <a href="/wiki/Canonised" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonised">canonised</a> More and Fisher on 19 May 1935, and More's feast day was established as 9 July.<a href="#cite_note-155">[134]</a> Since 1970 the <a href="/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> has celebrated More with St John Fisher on 22 June (the date of Fisher's execution). On 31 October 2000 <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> declared More "the heavenly <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patron</a> of Statesmen and Politicians".<a href="#cite_note-JP2PatronSaint-8">[8]</a> More is the patron of the German Catholic youth organisation <a href="/wiki/Katholische_Junge_Gemeinde" title="Katholische Junge Gemeinde">Katholische Junge Gemeinde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[135]</a> It is reported that the canonization ceremony was greeted with a "minimal and hostile" treatment by the British press, and officially boycotted by the parliament and universities.<a href="#cite_note-157">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglican_Communion">Anglican Communion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Anglican Communion">edit</a>]</div> In 1980, despite their staunch opposition to the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a>, More and Fisher were added as martyrs of the reformation to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">calendar</a> of "Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church", to be <a href="/wiki/Commemoration_(Anglicanism)" title="Commemoration (Anglicanism)">commemorated</a> every 6 July (the date of More's execution) as "Thomas More, scholar, and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Reformation Martyrs, 1535".<a href="#cite_note-CofEholyDays-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[137]</a> The annual remembrance of 6 July, is recognized by all Anglican Churches in communion with Canterbury, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, and South Africa.<a href="#cite_note-RefRep-159">[138]</a> In an essay examining the events around the addition to the Anglican calendar, Scholar <a href="/wiki/Bill_Sheils" title="Bill Sheils">Bill Sheils</a> links the reasoning for More's recognition to a "long-standing tradition hinted at in <a href="/wiki/Rose_Macaulay" title="Rose Macaulay">Rose Macaulay</a>'s ironic debating point of 1935 about More's status as an 'unschismed Anglican', a tradition also recalled in the annual memorial lecture held at St. Dunstan's Church in Canterbury, where More's head is said to be buried."<a href="#cite_note-RefRep-159">[138]</a> Sheils also noted the influence of the 1960s play and film <a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(play)" title="A Man for All Seasons (play)">A Man for All Seasons</a> which gave More a "reputation as a defender of the right of conscience".<a href="#cite_note-RefRep-159">[138]</a> Thanks to the play's depiction, this "brought his life to a broader and more popular audience" with the film "extending its impact worldwide following the Oscar triumphs".<a href="#cite_note-RefRep-159">[138]</a> Around this time the atheist Oxford historian and public intellectual, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a> held More up as "the first great Englishman whom we feel that we know, the most saintly of Humanists...the universal man of our cool northern Renaissance."<a href="#cite_note-RefRep-159">[138]</a> By 1978, the quincentenary of More's birth Trevor-Roper wrote an essay putting More in the Renaissance Platonist tradition, and claim his reputation was "quite independent of his Catholicism."<a href="#cite_note-RefRep-159">[138]</a> (Only, later on, did a more critical view arise in academia, led by Professor Sir Geoffrey Elton, which "challenged More's reputation for saintliness by focusing on his dealings with heretics, the ferocity of which, in fairness to him, More did not deny. In this research, More's role as a prosecutor, or persecutor, of dissidents has been at the center of the debate.")<a href="#cite_note-RefRep-159">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> The steadfastness and courage with which More maintained his religious convictions, and his dignity during his imprisonment, trial, and execution, contributed much to More's posthumous reputation, particularly among Roman Catholics. His friend <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> defended More's character as "more pure than any snow" and described his genius as "such as England never had and never again will have."<a href="#cite_note-160">[139]</a> Upon learning of More's execution, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Charles_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Charles V">Emperor Charles V</a> said: "Had we been master of such a servant, we would rather have lost the best city of our dominions than such a worthy councillor."<a href="#cite_note-britannica-161">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a>, a Roman Catholic convert from the Church of England, predicted More "may come to be counted the greatest Englishman, or at least the greatest historical character in English history."<a href="#cite_note-162">[141]</a> He wrote "the mind of More was like a diamond that a tyrant threw away into a ditch, because he could not break it."<a href="#cite_note-163">[142]</a> Historian <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a> called More "the first great Englishman whom we feel that we know, the most saintly of humanists, the most human of saints, the universal man of our cool northern renaissance."<a href="#cite_note-oconnell-164">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>, an Anglican, wrote that More was "a person of the greatest virtue this kingdom ever produced".<a href="#cite_note-165">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[146]</a> Some consider this quote to be of Samuel Johnson, although it is not found in Johnson's writings.<a href="#cite_note-168">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-chambers-169">[148]</a> Swift put More in the company of Socrates, Brutus, Epaminondas and Junius.<a href="#cite_note-170">[149]</a> The metaphysical poet <a href="/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">John Donne</a>, also honoured in their calendar by Anglicans,<a href="#cite_note-171">[150]</a> was More's great-great-nephew.<a href="#cite_note-172">[151]</a> US Senator <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a> had a portrait of More in his office.<a href="#cite_note-173">[152]</a> Marxist theoreticians such as <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a> considered More's Utopia a critique of economic and social exploitation in pre-modern Europe and More is claimed to have influenced the development of socialist ideas.<a href="#cite_note-Kautsky01a-174">[153]</a> In 1963, <a href="/wiki/Moreana" title="Moreana">Moreana</a>, an academic journal focusing on analysis of More and his writings, was founded.<a href="#cite_note-175">[154]</a> In 2002, More was placed at number 37 in the BBC's poll of the <a href="/wiki/100_Greatest_Britons" title="100 Greatest Britons">100 Greatest Britons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal">Legal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Legal">edit</a>]</div> More debated the lawyer and pamphleteer <a href="/wiki/Christopher_St._Germain" title="Christopher St. Germain">Christopher St. Germain</a> through various books: while agreeing on various issues on <a href="/wiki/Equity_(law)" title="Equity (law)">equity</a>, More disagreed with secret witnesses, the admissibility of hearsay, and found St Germain's criticism of religious courts superficial or ignorant.<a href="#cite_note-177">[156]</a> More and St Germain's views on equity owed in part to the 15th-century humanist theologian, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gerson" title="Jean Gerson">Jean Gerson</a>, who taught that consideration of the individual circumstances should be the norm not the exception.<a href="#cite_note-178">[157]</a> Before More, English <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellors</a> tended to be clerics (with a role as <a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_King%27s_Conscience" title="Keeper of the King's Conscience">Keeper of the King's Conscience</a>); from More on, they tended to be lawyers.<a href="#cite_note-179">[158]</a> A 1999 poll of legal British professionals nominated More as the person who most embodies the virtues of the law needed at the close of the millennium. The virtues were More's views on the primacy of conscience and his role in the practical establishment of the principle of <a href="/wiki/Equity_(law)" title="Equity (law)">equity</a> in English secular law through the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Chancery" title="Court of Chancery">Court of Chancery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature_and_popular_culture">In literature and popular culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: In literature and popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/William_Roper" title="William Roper">William Roper</a>'s biography of More (his father-in-law) was one of the first biographies in Modern English. <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_More_(play)" title="Sir Thomas More (play)">Sir Thomas More</a> is a play written circa 1592 in collaboration between <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chettle" title="Henry Chettle">Henry Chettle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Munday" title="Anthony Munday">Anthony Munday</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, and others. In it More is portrayed as a wise and honest statesman. The original manuscript has survived as a handwritten text that shows many revisions by its several authors, as well as the censorious influence of <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Tylney" title="Edmund Tylney">Edmund Tylney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Revels" title="Master of the Revels">Master of the Revels</a> in the government of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>. The script has since been published and has had several productions.<a href="#cite_note-Long,_William_B._1989_pages_49-181">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[161]</a> In Europe in the two centuries after his death, there were at least 50 Neo-Latin school plays written about More, performed at Jesuit schools.<a href="#cite_note-183">[162]</a> In 1941, the 20th-century British author <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Goudge" title="Elizabeth Goudge">Elizabeth Goudge</a> (1900–1984) wrote a short story, "The King's Servant", based on the last few years of Thomas More's life, seen through his family, and especially his adopted daughter, Anne Cresacre More.<a href="#cite_note-184">[163]</a> The 20th-century agnostic playwright <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> portrayed Thomas More as the <a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">tragic hero</a> of his 1960 play <a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(play)" title="A Man for All Seasons (play)">A Man for All Seasons</a>. The title is drawn from what <a href="/wiki/Robert_Whittington" title="Robert Whittington">Robert Whittington</a> in 1520 wrote of More: <blockquote>More is a man of an angel's wit and singular learning. I know not his fellow. For where is the man of that gentleness, lowliness and affability? And, as time requireth, a man of marvelous mirth and pastimes, and sometime of as sad gravity. A man for all seasons.<a href="#cite_note-oconnell-164">[143]</a></blockquote> In 1966, the play <a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(play)" title="A Man for All Seasons (play)">A Man for All Seasons</a> was adapted into a <a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">film</a> with the same title. It was directed by <a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> and adapted for the screen by the playwright. It stars <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a>, a noted British actor, who said that the part of Sir Thomas More was "the most difficult part I played."<a href="#cite_note-185">[164]</a> The film won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a> and Scofield won the <a href="/wiki/Best_Actor_Oscar" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Actor Oscar">Best Actor Oscar</a>. In 1988 <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a> starred in and directed a made-for-television film that restored the character of "the common man" that had been cut from the 1966 film. In the 1969 film <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_the_Thousand_Days" title="Anne of the Thousand Days">Anne of the Thousand Days</a>, More is portrayed by actor <a href="/wiki/William_Squire" title="William Squire">William Squire</a>. In the 1972 BBC TV series <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_and_his_Six_Wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII and his Six Wives">Henry VIII and his Six Wives</a> More was played by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Goodliffe" title="Michael Goodliffe">Michael Goodliffe</a>. Catholic science fiction writer <a href="/wiki/R._A._Lafferty" title="R. A. Lafferty">R. A. Lafferty</a> wrote his novel <a href="/wiki/Past_Master_(novel)" title="Past Master (novel)">Past Master</a> as a modern equivalent to More's Utopia, which he saw as a satire. In this novel, Thomas More travels through time to the year 2535, where he is made king of the world "Astrobe", only to be beheaded after ruling for a mere nine days. One character compares More favourably to almost every other major historical figure: "He had one completely honest moment right at the end. I cannot think of anyone else who ever had one." <a href="/wiki/Karl_Zuchardt" title="Karl Zuchardt">Karl Zuchardt</a>'s novel, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stirb_du_Narr!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stirb du Narr! (page does not exist)">Stirb du Narr!</a> ("Die you fool!"), about More's struggle with King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry</a>, portrays More as an idealist bound to fail in the power struggle with a ruthless ruler and an unjust world. In her 2009 novel <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Hall" title="Wolf Hall">Wolf Hall</a>, its 2012 sequel <a href="/wiki/Bring_Up_the_Bodies" title="Bring Up the Bodies">Bring Up the Bodies</a>, and the final book of the trilogy, her 2020 <a href="/wiki/The_Mirror_%26_the_Light" title="The Mirror & the Light">The Mirror & the Light</a>, the novelist <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Mantel" title="Hilary Mantel">Hilary Mantel</a> portrays More (from the perspective of a sympathetically portrayed <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell" title="Thomas Cromwell">Thomas Cromwell</a>) as an unsympathetic persecutor of Protestants and an ally of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg empire</a>. Literary critic <a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(critic)" title="James Wood (critic)">James Wood</a> in his book The Broken Estate, a collection of essays, is critical of More and refers to him as "cruel in punishment, evasive in argument, lusty for power, and repressive in politics".<a href="#cite_note-Wood2010-186">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aaron_S._Zelman" title="Aaron S. Zelman">Aaron S. Zelman</a>'s non-fiction book The State Versus the People includes a comparison of Utopia with Plato's Republic. Zelman is undecided as to whether More was being ironic in his book or was genuinely advocating a <a href="/wiki/Police_state" title="Police state">police state</a>. Zelman comments, "More is the only Christian saint to be honoured with a statue at the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a>."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] By this Zelman implies that Utopia influenced <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a>, despite their brutal repression of religion. Other biographers, such as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a>, have offered a more sympathetic picture of More as both a sophisticated philosopher and man of letters, as well as a zealous Catholic who believed in the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> over <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. The protagonist of <a href="/wiki/Walker_Percy" title="Walker Percy">Walker Percy</a>'s novels, <a href="/wiki/Love_in_the_Ruins" title="Love in the Ruins">Love in the Ruins</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Thanatos_Syndrome" title="The Thanatos Syndrome">The Thanatos Syndrome</a>, is "Dr Thomas More", a reluctant Catholic and descendant of More. More is the focus of the <a href="/wiki/Al_Stewart" title="Al Stewart">Al Stewart</a> song "A Man For All Seasons" from the 1978 album <a href="/wiki/Time_Passages" title="Time Passages">Time Passages</a>, and of the <a href="/wiki/Far_(band)" title="Far (band)">Far</a> song "Sir", featured on the limited editions and 2008 re-release of their 1994 album <a href="/wiki/Quick_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick (album)">Quick</a>. In addition, the song "<a href="/wiki/So_Says_I" title="So Says I">So Says I</a>" by indie rock outfit <a href="/wiki/The_Shins" title="The Shins">The Shins</a> alludes to the socialist interpretation of More's Utopia. <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Northam" title="Jeremy Northam">Jeremy Northam</a> depicts More in the television series <a href="/wiki/The_Tudors" title="The Tudors">The Tudors</a> as a peaceful man, as well as a devout Roman Catholic and loving family patriarch.<a href="#cite_note-187">[166]</a> In <a href="/wiki/David_Starkey" title="David Starkey">David Starkey</a>'s 2009 documentary series <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII:_The_Mind_of_a_Tyrant" title="Henry VIII: The Mind of a Tyrant">Henry VIII: The Mind of a Tyrant</a>, More is depicted by Ryan Kiggell. More is depicted by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Buchan" title="Andrew Buchan">Andrew Buchan</a> in the television series <a href="/wiki/The_Spanish_Princess" title="The Spanish Princess">The Spanish Princess</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[167]</a> In the years 1968–2007 the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco" title="University of San Francisco">University of San Francisco</a>'s Gleeson Library Associates awarded the annual Sir Thomas More Medal for Book Collecting to private book collectors of note,<a href="#cite_note-189">[168]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Belt" title="Elmer Belt">Elmer Belt</a>,<a href="#cite_note-190">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Schaefer" title="Otto Schaefer">Otto Schaefer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-191">[170]</a> Albert Sperisen, John S. Mayfield and Lord Wardington.<a href="#cite_note-192">[171]</a> In the 2024 video game, <a href="/wiki/Metaphor:_ReFantazio" title="Metaphor: ReFantazio">Metaphor: ReFantazio</a>, the narrative focuses on a book depicting a fictional <a href="/wiki/Utopia_(book)" title="Utopia (book)">utopia</a> written by a character named More. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutions_named_after_More">Institutions named after More</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Institutions named after More">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_named_after_Thomas_More" title="List of institutions named after Thomas More">List of institutions named after Thomas More</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communism,_socialism_and_anti-communism">Communism, socialism and anti-communism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Communism, socialism and anti-communism">edit</a>]</div> Having been praised "as a <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> hero by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a>" because of the Communist attitude to property in his Utopia,<a href="#cite_note-Margaret-L-King01a-6">[6]</a> under <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Communism">Soviet Communism</a> the name of Thomas More was in <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Garden_Obelisk#Inscribed_names" title="Alexander Garden Obelisk">ninth position</a> from the top of Moscow's Stele of Freedom (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Garden_Obelisk" title="Alexander Garden Obelisk">Obelisk of Revolutionary Thinkers</a>),<a href="#cite_note-193">[172]</a> as one of the most influential thinkers "who promoted the liberation of humankind from oppression, arbitrariness, and exploitation."<a href="#cite_note-University-of-Dallas01a-194">[note 22]</a> This monument was erected in 1918 in Aleksandrovsky Garden near the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a>'s suggestion.<a href="#cite_note-Margaret-L-King01a-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guy2000-195">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-University-of-Dallas01a-194">[note 22]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Soviet Encyclopedia">The Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a>'s English translation (1979) described More as "the founder of <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a>", the first person "to describe a society in which private property ... had been abolished" (a society in which the family was "a cell for the communist way of life"), and a thinker who "did not believe that the ideal society would be achieved through <a href="/wiki/Socialist_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist revolution">revolution</a>", but who "greatly influenced reformers of subsequent centuries, especially <a href="/wiki/Morelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Morelly">Morelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">G. Babeuf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">C. Fourier</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">E. Cabet</a>, and other representatives of Utopian socialism."<a href="#cite_note-GreatSovietEnc01a-196">[note 23]</a> Utopia also inspired <a href="/wiki/Socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialists">socialists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CathEnc02a-197">[note 24]</a> Many see More's communism or socialism as purely satirical.<a href="#cite_note-CathEnc02a-197">[note 24]</a> In 1888, while praising More's communism, Karl Kautsky pointed out that "perplexed" historians and economists often saw the name Utopia (which means "no place") as "a subtle hint by More that he himself regarded his communism as an impracticable dream".<a href="#cite_note-Kautsky01a-174">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a>, the Russian <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a>-winning, anti-Communist author of <a href="/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago" title="The Gulag Archipelago">The Gulag Archipelago</a>, argued that Soviet communism needed enslavement and forced labour to survive, and that this had been " ...foreseen as far back as Thomas More, the great-grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Socialism_(Marxism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism (Marxism)">socialism</a>, in his Utopia".<a href="#cite_note-Bloom01a-198">[note 25]</a> In 2008, More was portrayed on stage in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Allegorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegorical">allegorical</a> symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Pan-democracy_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-democracy camp">pan-democracy camp</a> resisting the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> in a translated and modified version of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(play)" title="A Man for All Seasons (play)">A Man for All Seasons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ChapmanChen01a-199">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_sites">Historic sites</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Historic sites">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Westminster_Hall">Westminster Hall</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Westminster Hall">edit</a>]</div> A plaque in the middle of the floor of London's <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a> commemorates More's trial for treason and condemnation to execution in that original part of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[175]</a> The building, which houses Parliament, would have been well known to More, who served several terms as a member and became Speaker of the House of Commons before his appointment as England's Lord Chancellor. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beaufort_House">Beaufort House</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Beaufort House">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beaufort_House_(Chelsea)" title="Beaufort House (Chelsea)">Beaufort House (Chelsea)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaufort_House,_Chelsea_from_the_series_Britannia_Illustrata_2020.163.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Beaufort_House%2C_Chelsea_from_the_series_Britannia_Illustrata_2020.163.jpg/240px-Beaufort_House%2C_Chelsea_from_the_series_Britannia_Illustrata_2020.163.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Beaufort_House%2C_Chelsea_from_the_series_Britannia_Illustrata_2020.163.jpg/360px-Beaufort_House%2C_Chelsea_from_the_series_Britannia_Illustrata_2020.163.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Beaufort_House%2C_Chelsea_from_the_series_Britannia_Illustrata_2020.163.jpg/480px-Beaufort_House%2C_Chelsea_from_the_series_Britannia_Illustrata_2020.163.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2455" /></a><figcaption>Beaufort House next to the Thames, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1707</figcaption></figure> As More's royal duties frequently required his attendance at the King's <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames-side</a> palaces in both <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Palace" title="Richmond Palace">Richmond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Placentia" title="Palace of Placentia">Greenwich</a>, it was convenient to select a riverside property situated between them (the common method of transport being by boat) for his home. In about 1520 he purchased a parcel of land comprising "undisturbed wood and pasture", stretching from the Thames in <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea</a> to the present-day <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Road" title="King's Road">King's Road</a>. There he caused to be built a dignified red-brick mansion (known simply as More's house or Chelsea House) in which he lived until his arrest in 1534. In the bawdy poem The Twelve Mery Jestes of Wyddow Edyth, written in 1525 by a member of More's household (or even by More himself) using the pseudonym of "Walter Smith", the widow arrives by boat at "Chelsay...where she had best cheare of all/in the house of Syr Thomas More."<a href="#cite_note-201">[176]</a> Upon More's arrest the estate was confiscated, coming into the possession of the <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Royal_Household" class="mw-redirect" title="Comptroller of the Royal Household">Comptroller of the Royal Household</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Paulet,_1st_Marquess_of_Winchester" title="William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester">William Paulet</a>. In 1682, the property was renamed Beaufort House after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Somerset,_1st_Duke_of_Beaufort" title="Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort">1st Duke of Beaufort</a>, a new owner.<a href="#cite_note-202">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crosby_Hall">Crosby Hall</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Crosby Hall">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crosby_Hall,_London#Tudor_period" title="Crosby Hall, London">Crosby Hall, London § Tudor period</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crosby_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Crosby_Hall.jpg/170px-Crosby_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Crosby_Hall.jpg/255px-Crosby_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Crosby_Hall.jpg/340px-Crosby_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Crosby Hall on its Bishopsgate site, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1885</figcaption></figure> In June 1523 More bought the "very large and beautiful" <a href="/wiki/Crosby_Place" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosby Place">Crosby Place</a> (Crosby Hall) in <a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate" title="Bishopsgate">Bishopsgate</a>, London, but this was not a simple transaction: eight months later he sold the property (never having lived there) at a considerable profit to his friend and business partner <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Bonvisi" title="Antonio Bonvisi">Antonio Bonvisi</a> who, in turn, leased it back to More's son-in-law William Roper and nephew <a href="/wiki/William_Rastell" title="William Rastell">William Rastell</a>; possibly this was an agreed means of dealing with a debt between More and Bonvisi. Because of this the Crown did not confiscate the property after More's execution.<a href="#cite_note-203">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weinreb-204">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[note 26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chelsea_Old_Church">Chelsea Old Church</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Chelsea Old Church">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Old_Church#16th_century_and_Sir_Thomas_More" title="Chelsea Old Church">Chelsea Old Church § 16th century and Sir Thomas More</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chelsea_Old_Church_14.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chelsea_Old_Church_14.JPG/170px-Chelsea_Old_Church_14.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chelsea_Old_Church_14.JPG/255px-Chelsea_Old_Church_14.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chelsea_Old_Church_14.JPG/340px-Chelsea_Old_Church_14.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Thomas More outside <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Old_Church" title="Chelsea Old Church">Chelsea Old Church</a> in west London</figcaption></figure> Across a small park and Old Church Street from Crosby Hall is Chelsea Old Church, an Anglican church whose southern chapel More commissioned and in which he sang with the parish choir. Except for his chapel, the church was largely destroyed in the Second World War and rebuilt in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-RBKC-206">[180]</a> The capitals on the medieval arch connecting the chapel to the main sanctuary display symbols associated with More and his office. On the southern wall of the sanctuary is the tomb and epitaph he erected for himself and his wives, detailing his ancestry and accomplishments in Latin, including his role as peacemaker between the various Christian European states as well as a curiously altered portion about his curbing heresy. When More served Mass, he would leave by the door just to the left of it. He is not, however, buried here, nor is it entirely certain which of his family may be. It is open to the public at specific times. Outside the church, facing the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>, is a statue by British Sculptor, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Cubitt_Bevis" title="Leslie Cubitt Bevis">Leslie Cubitt Bevis</a> erected in 1969, commemorating More as "saint", "scholar", and "statesman"; the back displays his coat-of-arms. Nearby, on Upper Cheyne Row, the Roman Catholic Church of Our Most Holy Redeemer & St. Thomas More honours the martyr. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tower_Hill">Tower Hill</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Tower Hill">edit</a>]</div> A plaque and small garden commemorate the famed execution site on <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a>, London, just outside the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, as well as all those executed there, many as religious martyrs or as prisoners of conscience.<a href="#cite_note-207">[181]</a> More's corpse, minus his head, was unceremoniously buried in an unmarked mass grave beneath the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter_ad_Vincula" title="Church of St Peter ad Vincula">Royal Chapel of St. Peter Ad Vincula</a>, within the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, as was the custom for traitors executed at Tower Hill. The chapel is accessible to Tower visitors. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St_Katharine_Docks">St Katharine Docks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: St Katharine Docks">edit</a>]</div> Thomas More is commemorated by a stone <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">plaque</a> near <a href="/wiki/St_Katharine_Docks" title="St Katharine Docks">St Katharine Docks</a>, just east of the Tower where he was executed. The street in which it is situated was formerly called Nightingale Lane, a corruption of "Knighten Guild", derived from the original owners of the land. It is now renamed Thomas More Street in his honour.<a href="#cite_note-208">[182]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St_Dunstan's_Church_and_Roper_House,_Canterbury">St Dunstan's Church and Roper House, Canterbury</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: St Dunstan's Church and Roper House, Canterbury">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury" title="St. Dunstan's, Canterbury">St Dunstan's Church</a>, an Anglican parish church in Canterbury, possesses More's head, rescued by his daughter <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Roper" title="Margaret Roper">Margaret Roper</a>, whose family lived in Canterbury down and across the street from their parish church. A stone immediately to the left of the altar marks the sealed Roper family vault beneath the Nicholas Chapel, itself to the right of the church's sanctuary or main altar. <a href="/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury" title="St. Dunstan's, Canterbury">St Dunstan's Church</a> has carefully investigated, preserved and sealed this burial vault. The last archaeological investigation revealed that the suspected head of More rests in a niche separate from the other bodies, possibly from later interference.<a href="#cite_note-209">[183]</a> Displays in the chapel record the archaeological findings in pictures and narratives. Roman Catholics donated stained glass to commemorate the events in More's life. A small plaque marks the former home of William and Margaret Roper; another house nearby and entitled Roper House is now a home for deaf people. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> Note: The reference "CW" is to the relevant volume of the <a href="/wiki/Yale_Edition_of_the_Complete_Works_of_St._Thomas_More" title="Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More">Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More</a> (New Haven and London 1963–1997) <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Published_during_More's_life_(with_dates_of_publication)">Published during More's life (with dates of publication)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Published during More's life (with dates of publication)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A Merry Jest (c. 1516) (CW 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(book)" title="Utopia (book)">Utopia</a> (1516) (CW 4)</li> <li>Latin Poems (1518, 1520) (CW 3, Pt.2)</li> <li>Letter to Brixius (1520) (CW 3, Pt. 2, App C)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsio_ad_Lutherum" title="Responsio ad Lutherum">Responsio ad Lutherum</a> (The Answer to Luther, 1523) (CW 5)</li> <li>A Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529, 1530) (CW 6)</li> <li>Supplication of Souls (1529) (CW 7)</li> <li>Letter Against Frith (1532) (CW 7) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomasmorestudies.org/1557Workes/Letter_Frith.pdf">pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325074541/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/1557Workes/Letter_Frith.pdf">Archived</a> 25 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>The Confutation of Tyndale's Answer (1532, 1533) (CW 8) Books 1–4, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Confutation5-9_2014-etext.pdf">Books 5–9</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809105346/https://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Confutation5-9_2014-etext.pdf">Archived</a> 9 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Apology (1533) (CW 9)</li> <li>Debellation of Salem and Bizance (1533) (CW 10) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Debellation2014-etext.pdf">pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809192651/https://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Debellation2014-etext.pdf">Archived</a> 9 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>The Answer to a Poisoned Book (1533) (CW 11) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/AnswerPoisonedBook2014-etext.pdf">pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809105504/https://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/AnswerPoisonedBook2014-etext.pdf">Archived</a> 9 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Published_after_More's_death_(with_likely_dates_of_composition)">Published after More's death (with likely dates of composition)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Published after More's death (with likely dates of composition)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The History of King Richard III (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1513–1518) (CW 2 & 15)</li> <li>The Four Last Things (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1522) (CW 1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dialogue_of_Comfort_Against_Tribulation" class="mw-redirect" title="A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation">A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation</a> (1534) (CW 12)</li> <li>Treatise Upon the Passion (1534) (CW 13)</li> <li>Treatise on the Blessed Body (1535) (CW 13)</li> <li>Instructions and Prayers (1535) (CW 13)</li> <li>De Tristitia Christi (1535) (CW 14) (preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Real_Colegio_Seminario_del_Corpus_Christi" title="Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi">Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi</a>, Valencia)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Translations">Translations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Translations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Translations of Lucian (many dates 1506–1534) (CW 3, Pt.1)</li> <li>The Life of <a href="/wiki/Pico_della_Mirandola" class="mw-redirect" title="Pico della Mirandola">Pico della Mirandola</a>, by Gianfrancesco Pico della Mirandola (c. 1510) (CW 1)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_portrayals">Media portrayals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Media portrayals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a>, 1966 film: More was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_the_Thousand_Days" title="Anne of the Thousand Days">Anne of the Thousand Days</a>, 1969 film: More was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/William_Squire" title="William Squire">William Squire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God%27s_Outlaw_(1986_film)" title="God's Outlaw (1986 film)">God's Outlaw: The Story of William Tyndale</a>, 1986 film: More was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Archard" title="Bernard Archard">Bernard Archard</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1988_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1988 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a>, 1988 made-for-TV film: More was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tudors" title="The Tudors">The Tudors</a>, 2007–2010 TV series: More was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Northam" title="Jeremy Northam">Jeremy Northam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Hall_(TV_series)" title="Wolf Hall (TV series)">Wolf Hall</a>, 2015 TV miniseries: More was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Lesser" title="Anton Lesser">Anton Lesser</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Giggs died on the 35th anniversary of More's execution, and her daughter would go on to marry More's nephew <a href="/wiki/William_Rastell" title="William Rastell">William Rastell</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Erasmus wrote about this monkey in his Colloquy <a href="/wiki/Colloquies#Amicitia_(Friendship)" title="Colloquies">Amicitia</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> "Sir Thomas More's first wife was instructed 'in learning and every kind of music'; his second wife, in middle age, was induced 'to learn to play apon the gittern, the lute, the clavichord and the recorders.'" <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStevens1961" class="citation book cs1">Stevens, John (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mos4AAAAIAAJ">Music & Poetry in the Early Tudor Court</a>. CUP Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+%26+Poetry+in+the+Early+Tudor+Court&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMos4AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">, p 276 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Victorian biographer Seebohm commented "Along with great intellectual gifts was combined in the young student (More) a gentle and loving disposition, which threw itself into the bosom of a friend with so guileless and pure an affection, that when men came under the power of its unconscious enchantment they literally fell in love with More."<a href="#cite_note-Seebohm-20">[20]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> "More held that the experience of friendship is a partial anticipation of the secure friendship of heaven, where we may hope that all will "be merry together"—not just our friends in this life but our enemies too." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcEvoy2006" class="citation journal cs1">McEvoy, James (2006). "The Theory of Friendship in Erasmus and Thomas More". American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly. 80 (2): 227–252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Facpq200680243">10.5840/acpq200680243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Catholic+Philosophical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Theory+of+Friendship+in+Erasmus+and+Thomas+More&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E227-%3C%2Fspan%3E252&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5840%2Facpq200680243&rft.aulast=McEvoy&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> It seems this court could affirm a conviction that carried the death penalty, but not impose it. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnell" class="citation web cs1">Snell, Melissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/court-of-star-chamber-1789073">"English Court of Star Chamber: A Brief History"</a>. ThoughtCo. Retrieved 16 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft.atitle=English+Court+of+Star+Chamber%3A+A+Brief+History.&rft.aulast=Snell&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fcourt-of-star-chamber-1789073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martz1990-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Martz1990_65-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Martz" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Martz">Louis Martz</a> points out that More's repeated references to Erasmus as "darling" was his retort to Tyndale's mocking use of the word, being an adroit example of the rhetorical technique of repetition, culminating in the quip that, unlike Erasmus, Tyndale could never be his darling: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartz1990" class="citation book cs1">Martz, Louis L. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R45XD3gZIt0C">Thomas More: the search for the inner man</a>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 36–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300056686" title="Special:BookSources/9780300056686"><bdi>9780300056686</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%3A+the+search+for+the+inner+man&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780300056686&rft.aulast=Martz&rft.aufirst=Louis+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR45XD3gZIt0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> The intertwining of sedition and heresy can be seen in <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>'s pronouncement about the Lutherans' heresy "tending principally and chiefly to the withdrawing of the obedience of the Church of Rome, and also of the governance, regyment and supreme dignity of Princes and all nobility." Luther's attacks on German princes were evidence of the seditious nature of his doctrine. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker_House2022" class="citation journal cs1">Baker House, Seymour (December 2022). "Richard Rex, ed., Henry VIII and Martin Luther: The Second Controversy, 1525–1527". Moreana. 59 (2): 254–269. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fmore.2022.0130">10.3366/more.2022.0130</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254358434">254358434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Moreana&rft.atitle=Richard+Rex%2C+ed.%2C+Henry+VIII+and+Martin+Luther%3A+The+Second+Controversy%2C+1525%E2%80%931527&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E254-%3C%2Fspan%3E269&rft.date=2022-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fmore.2022.0130&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254358434%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Baker+House&rft.aufirst=Seymour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> Even 150 years later, "one of the assumptions that <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> had to deal with in arguing for religious tolerance was that religious assemblies other than those sponsored by the established church invariably gave rise to sedition" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManning1980" class="citation journal cs1">Manning, Roger B. (1980). "The Origins of the Doctrine of Sedition". Albion. 12 (2): 99–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4048812">10.2307/4048812</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4048812">4048812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Albion&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+the+Doctrine+of+Sedition&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E99-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4048812&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4048812%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=Roger+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> There were a succession of policies towards heretics, from the <a href="/wiki/Wolsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolsey">Wolsey</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a> approach of persuasion, the 1529–1531 <a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a> approach of reform and counter-propaganda, to More's brief approach of capital punishment of key networkers, to the subsequent Tudor policy of torture and terror. See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD'Alton2004" class="citation journal cs1">D'Alton, Craig (1 August 2004). "William Warham and English heresy policy after the fall of Wolsey". Historical Research. 77 (197): 337–357. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2281.2004.00213.x">10.1111/j.1468-2281.2004.00213.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Research&rft.atitle=William+Warham+and+English+heresy+policy+after+the+fall+of+Wolsey&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=197&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E337-%3C%2Fspan%3E357&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2281.2004.00213.x&rft.aulast=D%27Alton&rft.aufirst=Craig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> p.345 </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> "Serious analysis precludes the repetition of protestant stories that Sir Thomas flogged heretics against a tree in his garden at Chelsea. It must exclude, too, the accusations of illegal imprisonment made against More by John Field and Thomas Phillips. Much vaunted by J.A. Froude, such charges are unsupported by independent proof. More indeed answered them in his Apology with emphatic denial. None has ever been substantiated, and we may hope that they were all untrue." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuyMore1980" class="citation book cs1">Guy, John; More, Thomas (1980). The public career of Sir Thomas More. Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Pr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/085527963X" title="Special:BookSources/085527963X"><bdi>085527963X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+public+career+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft.place=Brighton%2C+Sussex&rft.pub=Harvester+Pr&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=085527963X&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=More%2C+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> "[More] [...] turned to waging implacable war on enemies of the Church whom he could crush without inhibition. [...] He had a positive relish for burning heretics. [...] Claims [...] that he personally tortured heretics have no evidence to back them up. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacCulloch2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diarmaid_MacCulloch" title="Diarmaid MacCulloch">MacCulloch, Diarmaid</a> (27 September 2018). Thomas Cromwell: a life. Penguin Books. pp. 160–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84614-429-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84614-429-5"><bdi>978-1-84614-429-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Cromwell%3A+a+life&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E160-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft.isbn=978-1-84614-429-5&rft.aulast=MacCulloch&rft.aufirst=Diarmaid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marius406-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Marius406_81-0">^</a> Marius suggests that the rumours of More's cruelty started with renegade priest John Constantine, who was arrested, betrayed Bayfield, and escaped from More's house to stay with a friend in Antwerp who he also later betrayed. p.404 </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> I.e., "their sure-keeping" </li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd-ch22a-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd-ch22a_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Ackroyd1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8J9uNOydymUC&q=burned+as+there+was+neuer+wretche+I+wene+better+worthy">The Life of Thomas More</a>. Chatto & Windus. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85619-711-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85619-711-5"><bdi>1-85619-711-5</bdi></a>. <q>(Chapter 22) [...] Already, in these early days of English heresy, he was thinking of the fire. It is a measure of his alarm at the erosion of the traditional order that he should, in this letter, compose a defence of scholastic theology—the same scholasticism which in his younger days he had treated with derision. This was no longer a time for questioning, or innovation, or uncertainty, of any kind. He blamed Luther for the Peasants' Revolt in Germany, and maintained that all its havoc and destruction were the direct result of Luther's challenge to the authority of the Church; under the pretext of 'libertas' Luther preached 'licentia' which had in turn led to rape, sacrilege, bloodshed, fire and ruin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Thomas+More&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85619-711-5&rft.au=Peter+Ackroyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8J9uNOydymUC%26q%3Dburned%2Bas%2Bthere%2Bwas%2Bneuer%2Bwretche%2BI%2Bwene%2Bbetter%2Bworthy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> (Online citation <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://1000vampirenovels.com/pdf-novels/the-life-of-thomas-more-by-peter-ackroyd-free/47-page">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927204114/https://1000vampirenovels.com/pdf-novels/the-life-of-thomas-more-by-peter-ackroyd-free/47-page">Archived</a> 27 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-JoannePaul2016a-91"><a href="#cite_ref-JoannePaul2016a_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoanne_Paul2016" class="citation book cs1">Joanne Paul (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KN2qDQAAQBAJ&q=%22thomas+more%22+german+peasants+Revolt&pg=PT140">Thomas More</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-9220-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-9220-3"><bdi>978-0-7456-9220-3</bdi></a>. <q>Princes were 'driven by necessity' by the 'importune malice of heretics raising rebellions' to set 'sorer and sorer punishments thereunto' (CTA, 956). In other words, the heretics had started it: 'the Catholic Church did never persecute heretics by any temporal pain or any secular power until the heretics began such violence themself' (CTA, 954). More had in mind violent conflicts on the continent, such as the German Peasants' War (1524–5) and the Münster Rebellion (1532–5).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-9220-3&rft.au=Joanne+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKN2qDQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522thomas%2Bmore%2522%2Bgerman%2Bpeasants%2BRevolt%26pg%3DPT140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] (CTA=Confutation of Tyndale's Answer) </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> "...civil chaos will surely follow" (691–93). This prediction seemed to come true very quickly, as More noted in his next polemical work, A dialogue Concerning Heresies. There he argued that the Peasants' Revolt in Germany (1525), the Lutheran mercenaries' sack of Rome (1527), and the growing unrest in England all stemmed from Luther's inflammatory teachings and especially the lure of false freedom<a href="#CITEREFWegemer1996">Wegemer 1996</a>, p. 173 </li> <li id="cite_note-Wegemer2001a-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Wegemer2001a_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWegemer2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wegemer" title="Gerard Wegemer">Wegemer, Gerard</a> (31 October 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310165901/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/More_as_Statesman.pdf">"Thomas More as statesman"</a> (PDF). The Center for Thomas More Studies. p. 8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomasmorestudies.org/docs/More_as_Statesman.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2018. <q>In the Peasants' Revolt in Germany in 1525, More pointed out, 70,000 German peasants were slaughtered – and More, along with Erasmus and many others, considered Luther to be largely responsible for that wildfire.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+More+as+statesman&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=The+Center+for+Thomas+More+Studies&rft.date=2001-10-31&rft.aulast=Wegemer&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomasmorestudies.org%2Fdocs%2FMore_as_Statesman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIves2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Ives" title="Eric Ives">Ives, Eric W</a> (2004), The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, p. 47, <q>[More wrote on the subject of the Boleyn marriage that] [I] neither murmur at it nor dispute upon it, nor never did nor will. [...] I faithfully pray to God for his Grace and hers both long to live and well, and their noble issue too...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Death+of+Anne+Boleyn&rft.pages=47&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Ives&rft.aufirst=Eric+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> In March 1534, the <a href="/wiki/First_Succession_Act" title="First Succession Act">First Succession Act</a> passed parliament, "investing Henry VIII with the power to "visit, redress, reform, correct or amend all errors, heresies and enormities;" to define faith; and to appoint bishops. This law also directed the monies which had previously been paid to Rome to the King's coffers. The <a href="/wiki/Treason_Act_1534" class="mw-redirect" title="Treason Act 1534">Treason Act 1534</a> (<a href="/wiki/26_Hen._8" class="mw-redirect" title="26 Hen. 8">26 Hen. 8</a>. c. 13) passed in the same month among other things made it treasonable to deny the King's role as Supreme Head of the Church.' <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14689c.htm">"St. Thomas More"</a>. Catholic Encyclopaedia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+More&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopaedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14689c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnne_ManningEdmund_Lodge1852" class="citation book cs1">Anne Manning; Edmund Lodge (1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/householdsirtho00manngoog">The Household of Sir Thomas More</a>. C. Scribner. p. xiii. <q>thomas more sentenced hanged, drawn and quartered.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Household+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=C.+Scribner&rft.date=1852&rft.au=Anne+Manning&rft.au=Edmund+Lodge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhouseholdsirtho00manngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott_W._HahnDavid_Scott2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Hahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott W. Hahn">Scott W. Hahn</a>; David Scott, eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JQTKJsDReLEC">Liturgy and Empire: Faith in Exile and Political Theology</a>. Emmaus Road Publishing. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931018-56-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931018-56-2"><bdi>978-1-931018-56-2</bdi></a>. <q>I die the king's good servant, but God's first." Footnote 133: "This phrase from Robert Bolt's play 'A Man for All Seasons' [...] is an adjustment of More's actual last words: 'I die the king's good servant, and God's first.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liturgy+and+Empire%3A+Faith+in+Exile+and+Political+Theology&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Emmaus+Road+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-931018-56-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJQTKJsDReLEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-University-of-Dallas01a-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-University-of-Dallas01a_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-University-of-Dallas01a_194-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115073923/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/g-c1.html">"The Center for Thomas More Studies Art > Gallery > Moscow"</a>. The Center for Thomas More Studies at The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dallas" title="University of Dallas">University of Dallas</a>. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/g-c1.html">the original</a> on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2014. <q>This monument, suggested by Lenin and built in 1918, lists Thomas More (ninth from the top) among the most influential thinkers "who promoted the liberation of humankind from oppression, arbitrariness, and exploitation." It is in Aleksndrovsky Garden near the Kremlin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Center+for+Thomas+More+Studies+Art+%3E+Gallery+%3E+Moscow&rft.pub=The+Center+for+Thomas+More+Studies+at+The+University+of+Dallas&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasmorestudies.org%2Fg-c1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreatSovietEnc01a-196"><a href="#cite_ref-GreatSovietEnc01a_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Thomas+More">""Thomas More." The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition. 1970–1979. The Gale Group, Inc"</a>. Thefreedictionary.com. <a href="/wiki/TheFreeDictionary.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheFreeDictionary.com">The Free Dictionary [Internet]</a>. 1979. Retrieved 14 September 2021. <q>The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased. ... More, Thomas ... English humanist, statesman, and writer; founder of Utopian socialism. ... More is especially famous for the dialogue Utopia (1516; Russian translation, 1789), which describes the ideal society on the imaginary island of Utopia. ... He was the first to describe a society in which private property (even personal property) has been abolished, equality of consumption has been introduced (as in the early Christian communes), and production and the way of life have been socialized. ... The family, a cell for the communist way of life, is organized more as a productive unit than as a kinship unit. ... More did not believe that the ideal society would be achieved through revolution. Utopia ... greatly influenced reformers of subsequent centuries, especially Morelly, G. Babeuf, Saint-Simon, C. Fourier, E. Cabet, and other representatives of Utopian socialism. ... The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970–1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thefreedictionary.com&rft.atitle=%22Thomas+More.%22+The+Great+Soviet+Encyclopedia%2C+3rd+Edition.+1970%E2%80%931979.+The+Gale+Group%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com%2FThomas%2BMore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CathEnc02a-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc02a_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CathEnc02a_197-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14689c.htm">"St. Thomas More"</a>. Catholic Encyclopaedia. 1913. <q>The whole work is really an exercise of the imagination with much brilliant satire upon the world of More's own day. ... there can be no doubt that he would have been delighted at entrapping William Morris, who discovered in it a complete gospel of Socialism</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+More&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopaedia&rft.date=1913&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14689c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom01a-198"><a href="#cite_ref-Bloom01a_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_HaroldHobby,_Blake2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom, Harold</a>; Hobby, Blake (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s-sVN2COG78C&q=%22Solzhenitsyn+insists+that+the+Soviet+system+cannot+survive+without+the+camps%22+%22Thomas+More%22+%22the+great-grandfather+of+socialism%22&pg=PA173">Enslavement Enslavement and Emancipation] and Emancipation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a>. pp. 173–174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-441-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60413-441-4"><bdi>978-1-60413-441-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 January 2015. <q>Moreover, Solzhenitsyn insists that the Soviet system cannot survive without the camps, that Soviet communism requires enslavement and forced labour. " ...foreseen as far back as Thomas More, the great-grandfather of socialism, in his Utopia [, the] labor of zeks was needed for degrading and particularly heavy work, which no one, under socialism, would wish to perform" (Gulag, Vol 3. 578).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enslavement+Enslavement+and+Emancipation%5D+and+Emancipation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E174&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60413-441-4&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rft.au=Hobby%2C+Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds-sVN2COG78C%26q%3D%2522Solzhenitsyn%2Binsists%2Bthat%2Bthe%2BSoviet%2Bsystem%2Bcannot%2Bsurvive%2Bwithout%2Bthe%2Bcamps%2522%2B%2522Thomas%2BMore%2522%2B%2522the%2Bgreat-grandfather%2Bof%2Bsocialism%2522%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNormanCaroe1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Norman_(artist)" title="Philip Norman (artist)">Norman, Philip</a>; <a href="/wiki/W._D._Car%C3%B6e" title="W. D. Caröe">Caroe, W. D.</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/bk9/pp15-32">Survey of London Monograph 9, Crosby Place</a>. London: Committee for the Survey of the Memorials of Greater London. pp. 15–32. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/644450239">644450239</a>. <q>From the[...] indentures between More and the executors of Sir John Rest[...]More paid to the said executors...£150, and the date was June 1st, 1523.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Survey+of+London+Monograph+9%2C+Crosby+Place&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=Committee+for+the+Survey+of+the+Memorials+of+Greater+London&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F644450239&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Caroe%2C+W.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fsurvey-london%2Fbk9%2Fpp15-32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marcolearning.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/AP-EURO-Study-Guide-Topic-1-3.pdf">"Topic 1.3: The Northern Renaissance"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Topic+1.3%3A+The+Northern+Renaissance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarcolearning.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F09%2FAP-EURO-Study-Guide-Topic-1-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.savior.org/saints/saint-thomas-more/">"St. Thomas More"</a>. savior.org. Retrieved 29 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=savior.org&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+More&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.savior.org%2Fsaints%2Fsaint-thomas-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlenn1941" class="citation journal cs1">Glenn, Garrard (1 January 1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol10/iss2/2/">"St. Thomas More As Judge and lawyer"</a>. Fordham Law Review. 10 (2): 187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fordham+Law+Review&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+More+As+Judge+and+lawyer&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187&rft.date=1941-01-01&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=Garrard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.lawnet.fordham.edu%2Fflr%2Fvol10%2Fiss2%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKristeller1980" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kristeller, Paul Oskar (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366/more.1980.17.1-2.3">"Thomas More as a renaissance humanist"</a>. Moreana. 17 (Number 65-6 (1–2): 5–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fmore.1980.17.1-2.3">10.3366/more.1980.17.1-2.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-8105">0047-8105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Moreana&rft.atitle=Thomas+More+as+a+renaissance+humanist&rft.volume=17+%28Number+65-6&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fmore.1980.17.1-2.3&rft.issn=0047-8105&rft.aulast=Kristeller&rft.aufirst=Paul+Oskar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3366%2Fmore.1980.17.1-2.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinder" class="citation web cs1">Linder, Douglas O. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/more/morechrono.html">"The Trial of Sir Thomas More: A Chronology"</a>. University Of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School Of Law.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+Of+Missouri-Kansas+City+%28UMKC%29+School+Of+Law&rft.atitle=The+Trial+of+Sir+Thomas+More%3A+A+Chronology&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=Douglas+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw2.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fmore%2Fmorechrono.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Margaret-L-King01a-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Margaret-L-King01a_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Margaret-L-King01a_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Margaret-L-King01a_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKing2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_L._King" title="Margaret L. King">King, Margaret L.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a63xAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA157">Renaissance Humanism: An Anthology of Sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hackett_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hackett Publishing">Hackett Publishing</a>. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62466-146-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62466-146-4"><bdi>978-1-62466-146-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+Humanism%3A+An+Anthology+of+Sources&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Hackett+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-62466-146-4&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Margaret+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da63xAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> "Homily at the Canonization of St. Thomas More" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125607/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/rep_canonization.html">"The Center for Thomas More Studies: Canonization of Thomas More"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/rep_canonization.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Center+for+Thomas+More+Studies%3A+Canonization+of+Thomas+More&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasmorestudies.org%2Frep_canonization.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> at The Center for Thomas More Studies at the University of Dallas, 2010, citing text "Recorded in The Tablet, June 1, 1935, pp. 694–695" </li> <li id="cite_note-JP2PatronSaint-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JP2PatronSaint_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP2PatronSaint_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP2PatronSaint_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP2PatronSaint_8-3">d</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter#Letters_of_the_popes_in_modern_times" title="Ecclesiastical letter">Apostolic letter</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Motu_proprio" title="Motu proprio">motu proprio</a> proclaiming Saint Thomas More Patron of Statesmen and Politicians, 31 October 2000 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_20001031_thomas-more_en.html">Vatican.va</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/jubilee_2000/jubilevents/jub_jubilparlgov_20001026_thomas-more_en.html#BIOGRAPHY">Jubilee of parliament and government members, proclamation of Saint Thomas More as patron of statesmen</a> vatican.va </li> <li id="cite_note-CofEholyDays-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CofEholyDays_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CofEholyDays_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225084824/https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/join-us-daily-prayer">"Holy Days"</a>. Worship – The Calendar. <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-worship/worship/texts/the-calendar/holydays.aspx">the original</a> on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Worship+%E2%80%93+The+Calendar&rft.atitle=Holy+Days&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-worship%2Fworship%2Ftexts%2Fthe-calendar%2Fholydays.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Jokinen, A. (13 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/morebio.htm">"The Life of Sir Thomas More."</a> Luminarium. Retrieved 19 September 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHouse2008More,_Sir_Thomas-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHouse2008More,_Sir_Thomas_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHouse2008">House 2008</a>, More, Sir Thomas. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul2024" class="citation journal cs1">Paul, Joanne (July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/history-matters/mystery-thomas-mores-birthplace">"The Mystery of Thomas More's Birthplace"</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_Today" title="History Today">History Today</a>. 74 (7).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Today&rft.atitle=The+Mystery+of+Thomas+More%E2%80%99s+Birthplace&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=7&rft.date=2024-07&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Farchive%2Fhistory-matters%2Fmystery-thomas-mores-birthplace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/thomas-more-9414278">"Sir Thomas More"</a>. The Biography Channel website. 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Biography+Channel+website&rft.atitle=Sir+Thomas+More&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fthomas-more-9414278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tudortimes.co.uk/people/thomas-more-always-a-londoner">"Thomas More: Always a Londoner"</a>. tudortimes.co.uk. 24 September 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tudortimes.co.uk&rft.atitle=Thomas+More%3A+Always+a+Londoner&rft.date=2016-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftudortimes.co.uk%2Fpeople%2Fthomas-more-always-a-londoner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rebhorn-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rebhorn_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rebhorn_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rebhorn_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rebhorn_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rebhorn_16-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRebhorn2005" class="citation book cs1">Rebhorn, Wayne A, ed. (2005). "Introduction". Utopia. Classics. New York: Barnes & Noble.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Utopia&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Classics&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ackroyd-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ackroyd_17-22">w</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAckroyd1999" class="citation book cs1">Ackroyd, Peter (1999). The Life of Thomas More. New York: Anchor Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Thomas+More&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Anchor+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Ackroyd&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarpsfield1931" class="citation book cs1">Harpsfield, Nicholas (1931). The Life and Death of Sr Thomas More. 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Longmans, Green and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Reformers.+John+Colet%2C+Erasmus+and+Thomas+More&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Co&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Seebohm&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freformationchurch.org.uk%2Fbook_oxford-reformers_seebohm.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFErasmus1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiderius Erasmus">Erasmus, Desiderius</a> (1991). "Letter to Ulrich von Hutten". In Adams, Robert M. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/utopiarevisedtra00more">Utopia</a>. 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New Haven and London: Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Letters&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Futopia00lumbgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBryan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Bryan, John (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/10511/">"Extended Play: Reflections of Heinrich Isaac's Music in Early Tudor England"</a>. 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Christian History Institute. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Brethren+of+the+Christian+humanist+life%2C+Christian+History+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristianhistoryinstitute.org%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fch-145-thomas-more-and-erasmus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Translated by R.A.B. Mynors & D.F.S. Thomson. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Translated by Gerald Malsbary & Mary Taneyhill. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Erasmus to John Faber (later Bishop of Vienna), 1532 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Erasmus to Conrad Goclenius (Chair of Latin, Louvain), 2 September 1535 </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_More:_First_and_Best_Apologi-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_More:_First_and_Best_Apologi_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_More:_First_and_Best_Apologi_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScheck2021" class="citation journal cs1">Scheck, Thomas P. (June 2021). "Thomas More: First and Best Apologist for Erasmus". 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The English Historical Review. 37 (148): 516–539. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXXVII.CXLVIII.516">10.1093/ehr/XXXVII.CXLVIII.516</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-8266">0013-8266</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/552200">552200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Council%2C+Star+Chamber%2C+and+Privy+Council+under+the+Tudors%3A+II.+The+Star+Chamber&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=148&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E516-%3C%2Fspan%3E539&rft.date=1922&rft.issn=0013-8266&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F552200%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXXXVII.CXLVIII.516&rft.aulast=Pollard&rft.aufirst=A.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F552200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoward1901" class="citation book cs1">Howard, George Elliott (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1834183">Review of A Study of the Court of Star Chamber</a>. pp. 775–777. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1834183">1834183</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Review+of+A+Study+of+the+Court+of+Star+Chamber&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E775-%3C%2Fspan%3E777&rft.date=1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1834183%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=George+Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1834183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gerard-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gerard_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerard_54-1">b</a> Gerard B. 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London: Associated Faculty Press, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8046-1213-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8046-1213-5"><bdi>978-0-8046-1213-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Germans+in+England%2C+1066%E2%80%931598&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Associated+Faculty+Press%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1915&rft.isbn=978-0-8046-1213-5&rft.aulast=Colvin&rft.aufirst=Ian+Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuellerLoewenstein200293,_(footnote_36)-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuellerLoewenstein200293,_(footnote_36)_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMuellerLoewenstein2002">Mueller & Loewenstein 2002</a>, p. 93, (footnote 36). </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChuilleanáin1988" class="citation journal cs1">Chuilleanáin, Eiléan Ní (July 1988). 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Scepter Publishers. p. xiv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-889334-12-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-889334-12-X"><bdi>1-889334-12-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%3A+A+Portrait+of+Courage&rft.pages=xiv&rft.pub=Scepter+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-889334-12-X&rft.au=Gerard+Wegemer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7biywRf8_DsC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards8-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richards8_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richards8_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas_More2010" class="citation book cs1">Thomas More (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lXi7AAAAQBAJ&q=thomas+more+++king%27s+great+matter&pg=PT8">Utopia</a>. Translated by G.C. Richards, William P. Weaver. Broadview Press. pp. 8–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4604-0211-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4604-0211-5"><bdi>978-1-4604-0211-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Utopia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Broadview+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4604-0211-5&rft.au=Thomas+More&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlXi7AAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2B%2B%2Bking%2527s%2Bgreat%2Bmatter%26pg%3DPT8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Eppley2016" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Eppley (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=31uoDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT23">Defending Royal Supremacy and Discerning God's Will in Tudor England</a>. Routledge. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-94579-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-94579-0"><bdi>978-1-351-94579-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defending+Royal+Supremacy+and+Discerning+God%27s+Will+in+Tudor+England&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-351-94579-0&rft.au=Daniel+Eppley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D31uoDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_M._Logan2011" class="citation book cs1">George M. Logan, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y5rDAyEoHyAC&pg=PA116">The Cambridge Companion to Thomas More</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-82848-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-82848-2"><bdi>978-1-139-82848-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Thomas+More&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-139-82848-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy5rDAyEoHyAC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRist2015" class="citation web cs1">Rist, Rebecca (12 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unireadinghistory.com/2015/02/12/a-historical-perspective-on-wolf-hall-thomas-cromwell-and-thomas-more-revisited/">"A Historical Perspective on "Wolf Hall": Thomas Cromwell and Thomas More Revisited"</a>. Reading History. Retrieved 2 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reading+History&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Perspective+on+%E2%80%9CWolf+Hall%E2%80%9D%3A+Thomas+Cromwell+and+Thomas+More+Revisited&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft.aulast=Rist&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funireadinghistory.com%2F2015%2F02%2F12%2Fa-historical-perspective-on-wolf-hall-thomas-cromwell-and-thomas-more-revisited%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPotter" class="citation web cs1">Potter, R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ric.edu/faculty/rpotter/statutes.html">"Documents on the changing status of the English Vernacular, 1500–1540"</a>. RIC. Retrieved 11 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Documents+on+the+changing+status+of+the+English+Vernacular%2C+1500%E2%80%931540&rft.pub=RIC&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ric.edu%2Ffaculty%2Frpotter%2Fstatutes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanson1991" class="citation journal cs1">Hanson, Elizabeth (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2928770">"Torture and Truth in Renaissance England"</a>. Representations (34): 53–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2928770">10.2307/2928770</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0734-6018">0734-6018</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2928770">2928770</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Representations&rft.atitle=Torture+and+Truth+in+Renaissance+England&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0734-6018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2928770%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2928770&rft.aulast=Hanson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2928770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRex2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rex" title="Richard Rex">Rex, Richard</a> (2011). Logan, George M. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Thomas More. Cambridge University Press. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-82848-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-82848-2"><bdi>978-1-139-82848-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Thomas+More&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-139-82848-2&rft.aulast=Rex&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFarris2007" class="citation journal cs1">Farris, Michael (2007). "From Tyndale to Madison".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=From+Tyndale+to+Madison&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Farris&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Marius-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marius_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marius_83-1">b</a> Marius, Richard (1999). Thomas More: A Biography, Harvard University Press </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Guy, John A. Tudor England Oxford, 1988. p 26 </li> <li id="cite_note-Marius406-85"><a href="#cite_ref-Marius406_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Marius1999" class="citation book cs1">Richard Marius (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DdAYSzj20t0C&q=Thomas+More++burned+heretics+at+Smithfield&pg=PA406">Thomas More: A Biography</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 406. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-88525-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-88525-2"><bdi>0-674-88525-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-674-88525-2&rft.au=Richard+Marius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDdAYSzj20t0C%26q%3DThomas%2BMore%2B%2Bburned%2Bheretics%2Bat%2BSmithfield%26pg%3DPA406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maitland-86"><a href="#cite_ref-maitland_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaitland1911" class="citation book cs1">Maitland, Frederic William (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=211LvgAACAAJ">The Constitutional History of England: A Course of Lectures</a>. Cambridge: University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitutional+History+of+England%3A+A+Course+of+Lectures&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Maitland&rft.aufirst=Frederic+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D211LvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniell1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Daniell_(author)" title="David Daniell (author)">Daniell, David</a>, ed. (1995). Tyndale's New Testament. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. xxix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-06580-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-06580-9"><bdi>0-300-06580-9</bdi></a>. <q>[More] [...] with the new Bishop of London, burned John Tewkesbury, Richard Bayfield and James Bainham for the heresy of not renouncing what Tyndale had written.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tyndale%27s+New+Testament&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pages=xxix&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-300-06580-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore1973" class="citation book cs1">More, Thomas (1973). Schuster, LA; Marius, RC; Lusardi, JP; Schoeck, RJ (eds.). The Confutation of Tyndale's Answer. Complete Works. Vol. 8. Yale. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Confutation+of+Tyndale%27s+Answer&rft.series=Complete+Works&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Yale&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoynahan2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moynahan" title="Brian Moynahan">Moynahan, Brian</a> (2002). If God spare my life: William Tyndale, the English Bible and Sir Thomas More—a story of martyrdom and betrayal. London: Little, Brown. pp. 325–328, 340. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-86092-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-86092-1"><bdi>0-316-86092-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=If+God+spare+my+life%3A+William+Tyndale%2C+the+English+Bible+and+Sir+Thomas+More%E2%80%94a+story+of+martyrdom+and+betrayal&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E325-%3C%2Fspan%3E328%2C+340&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-316-86092-1&rft.aulast=Moynahan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood1998" class="citation journal cs1">Wood, James (16 April 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v20/n08/james-wood/the-great-dissembler">"The Great Dissembler"</a>. London Review of Books. 20 (8). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0260-9592">0260-9592</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Great+Dissembler&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=8&rft.date=1998-04-16&rft.issn=0260-9592&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fthe-paper%2Fv20%2Fn08%2Fjames-wood%2Fthe-great-dissembler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michaelkirby.com.au/images/stories/speeches/1990s/vol40/1997/1444-Thomas_More%2C_Martin_Luther_and_the_Judiciary_Today_%28St_Thomas_More_Society%29.doc">Speech to St Thomas More Society, 1997</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Knowles1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Knowles_(scholar)" title="David Knowles (scholar)">David Knowles</a> (1979). The Religious Orders in England. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-29568-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-29568-8"><bdi>0-521-29568-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religious+Orders+in+England&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E188-%3C%2Fspan%3E189&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-521-29568-8&rft.au=David+Knowles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Crawford2014" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Crawford (2014). Women and Religion in England: 1500–1720. Routledge. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-09756-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-09756-0"><bdi>978-1-136-09756-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Religion+in+England%3A+1500%E2%80%931720&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-136-09756-0&rft.au=Patricia+Crawford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Ackroyd2012" class="citation book cs1">Peter Ackroyd (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8J9uNOydymUC&q=thomas+more+elizabeth+Barton&pg=PT594">The Life of Thomas More</a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-82301-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-82301-4"><bdi>978-0-307-82301-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Thomas+More&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-307-82301-4&rft.au=Peter+Ackroyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8J9uNOydymUC%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Belizabeth%2BBarton%26pg%3DPT594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee1904-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Lee1904_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee1904" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Sidney (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatenglishmen00leegoog">Great Englishmen of the Sixteenth Century</a>. London: Archibald Constable, Limited. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatenglishmen00leegoog/page/n84">48</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Englishmen+of+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Archibald+Constable%2C+Limited&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatenglishmen00leegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_M._Logan2011" class="citation book cs1">George M. Logan, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y5rDAyEoHyAC&pg=PA116">The Cambridge Companion to Thomas More</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-82848-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-82848-2"><bdi>978-1-139-82848-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Thomas+More&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-139-82848-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy5rDAyEoHyAC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElton1982" class="citation book cs1">Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJZZzoBJOfwC&pg=PA1">"The Crown"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CJZZzoBJOfwC&pg=PA7">The Tudor constitution: documents and commentary</a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-24506-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-24506-0"><bdi>0-521-24506-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7876927">7876927</a>. Retrieved 24 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Crown&rft.btitle=The+Tudor+constitution%3A+documents+and+commentary&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Cambridgeshire&rft.pages=7&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7876927&rft.isbn=0-521-24506-0&rft.aulast=Elton&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+Rudolph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCJZZzoBJOfwC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGerard_WegemerStephen_W._Smith2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wegemer" title="Gerard Wegemer">Gerard Wegemer</a>; Stephen W. Smith, eds. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AQtmzR9TXncC&q=thomas+more+resigned&pg=PA305">A Thomas More Source Book</a>. The Catholic University of America Press. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8132-1376-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8132-1376-2"><bdi>0-8132-1376-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Thomas+More+Source+Book&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=The+Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8132-1376-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAQtmzR9TXncC%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Bresigned%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_Wilde2016" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence Wilde (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YU_UDAAAQBAJ&q=thomas+more+refusal+coronation&pg=PT173">Thomas More's Utopia: Arguing for Social Justice</a>. Routledge. pp. 112–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-28137-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-28137-5"><bdi>978-1-317-28137-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%27s+Utopia%3A+Arguing+for+Social+Justice&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E112-%3C%2Fspan%3E113&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-28137-5&rft.au=Lawrence+Wilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYU_UDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Brefusal%2Bcoronation%26pg%3DPT173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFG._R._Elton1985" class="citation book cs1">G. R. Elton (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C6o5AAAAIAAJ&q=thomas+more+oath+of+succession+not+agreeable&pg=PA223">Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell</a>. CUP Archive. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-31309-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-31309-0"><bdi>0-521-31309-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Policy+and+Police%3A+The+Enforcement+of+the+Reformation+in+the+Age+of+Thomas+Cromwell&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-521-31309-0&rft.au=G.+R.+Elton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC6o5AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Boath%2Bof%2Bsuccession%2Bnot%2Bagreeable%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0c-AQAAMAAJ&q=thomas+more+oath+of+succession+not+agreeable&pg=PA556">The Twentieth Century, Volume 30</a>, Nineteenth Century and After, 1891, p. 556</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Twentieth+Century%2C+Volume+30&rft.pages=556&rft.pub=Nineteenth+Century+and+After&rft.date=1891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ0c-AQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Boath%2Bof%2Bsuccession%2Bnot%2Bagreeable%26pg%3DPA556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Review of Book: St Thomas More's History of the Passion". The Downside Review. 60 (2): 230–232. April 1942. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001258064206000211">10.1177/001258064206000211</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220418917">220418917</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Downside+Review&rft.atitle=Review+of+Book%3A+St+Thomas+More%27s+History+of+the+Passion&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E230-%3C%2Fspan%3E232&rft.date=1942-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001258064206000211&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220418917%23id-name%3DS2CID&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_A._Wagner2015" class="citation book cs1">John A. Wagner (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kXkkCAAAQBAJ&q=thomas+more++executed+++Lieutenant+see+me+safe+william+roper&pg=PA170">Voices of the Reformation: Contemporary Accounts of Daily Life</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-680-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-680-7"><bdi>978-1-61069-680-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voices+of+the+Reformation%3A+Contemporary+Accounts+of+Daily+Life&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-680-7&rft.au=John+A.+Wagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkXkkCAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2B%2Bexecuted%2B%2B%2BLieutenant%2Bsee%2Bme%2Bsafe%2Bwilliam%2Broper%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.freeuk.net/don-aitken/ast/h8a.html#149">"Annotated original text"</a>. November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annotated+original+text&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.freeuk.net%2Fdon-aitken%2Fast%2Fh8a.html%23149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Ackroyd (1998) p383 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Ansgar_KellyLouis_W._KarlinGerard_Wegemer2011" class="citation book cs1">Henry Ansgar Kelly; Louis W. Karlin; Gerard Wegemer, eds. (2011). Thomas More's Trial by Jury: A Procedural and Legal Review with a Collection of Documents. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-629-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-629-2"><bdi>978-1-84383-629-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%27s+Trial+by+Jury%3A+A+Procedural+and+Legal+Review+with+a+Collection+of+Documents&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-629-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Ansgar_KellyLouis_W._KarlinGerard_Wegemer2011" class="citation book cs1">Henry Ansgar Kelly; Louis W. Karlin; Gerard Wegemer, eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oj67cj8f-rIC&q=thomas+more+trial+qui+tacet+consentire+videtur&pg=PA22">Thomas More's Trial by Jury: A Procedural and Legal Review with a Collection of Documents</a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-629-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-629-2"><bdi>978-1-84383-629-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%27s+Trial+by+Jury%3A+A+Procedural+and+Legal+Review+with+a+Collection+of+Documents&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-629-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doj67cj8f-rIC%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Btrial%2Bqui%2Btacet%2Bconsentire%2Bvidetur%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHadfield2017" class="citation book cs1">Hadfield, Andrew (2017). Lying in early modern English culture: from the Oath of supremacy to the Oath of allegiance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 36–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192844804" title="Special:BookSources/9780192844804"><bdi>9780192844804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lying+in+early+modern+English+culture%3A+from+the+Oath+of+supremacy+to+the+Oath+of+allegiance&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780192844804&rft.aulast=Hadfield&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/more/moretrialreport.html">"The Trial and Execution of Sir Thomas More"</a>. law2.umkc.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=law2.umkc.edu&rft.atitle=The+Trial+and+Execution+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw2.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fmore%2Fmoretrialreport.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacFarlaneThomson1876" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Macfarlane" title="Charles Macfarlane">MacFarlane, Charles</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Napier_Thomson" title="Thomas Napier Thomson">Thomson, Thomas</a> (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5U0BAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA798">The comprehensive history of England, from the earliest period to the suppression of the Sepoy revolt</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blackie_and_Son" title="Blackie and Son">Blackie and Son</a>. p. 798.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+comprehensive+history+of+England%2C+from+the+earliest+period+to+the+suppression+of+the+Sepoy+revolt&rft.pages=798&rft.pub=Blackie+and+Son&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=MacFarlane&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Thomson%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5U0BAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBridgett1891" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Bridgett" title="Thomas Edward Bridgett">Bridgett, Thomas Edward</a> (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LifeAndWritingsOfSirThomasMore">Life and Writings of Sir Thomas More: Lord Chancellor of England and Martyr Under Henry VIII</a> (3 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Burns_%26_Oates" title="Burns & Oates">Burns & Oates</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LifeAndWritingsOfSirThomasMore/page/n470">434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Writings+of+Sir+Thomas+More%3A+Lord+Chancellor+of+England+and+Martyr+Under+Henry+VIII&rft.pages=434&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Burns+%26+Oates&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Bridgett&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLifeAndWritingsOfSirThomasMore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_M._Knowles1999" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth M. Knowles, ed. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o6rFno1ffQoC&q=thomas+more++executed+++Lieutenant+see+me+safe&pg=PA531">The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 531. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860173-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860173-5"><bdi>0-19-860173-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Quotations&rft.pages=531&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-19-860173-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do6rFno1ffQoC%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2B%2Bexecuted%2B%2B%2BLieutenant%2Bsee%2Bme%2Bsafe%26pg%3DPA531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol8/pp379-402#anchorn13">"Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 8, January–July 1535"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_History_Online" title="British History Online">British History Online</a>. University of London. Retrieved 26 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+History+Online&rft.atitle=Letters+and+Papers%2C+Foreign+and+Domestic%2C+Henry+VIII%2C+Volume+8%2C+January%E2%80%93July+1535&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fletters-papers-hen8%2Fvol8%2Fpp379-402%23anchorn13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> This is a translation from the archives of <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Castelnau" title="Michel de Castelnau">Michel de Castelnau</a>, a later French ambassador to England, of an anonymous French eyewitness: Wegemer, Smith (2004), page 357, provides the original text in French: "[...]qu'il mouroit son bon serviteur et de Dieu premièrement.". </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKerry_McCarthy2008" class="citation book cs1">Kerry McCarthy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kYGQAgAAQBAJ">Liturgy and Contemplation in Byrd's Gradualia</a>. Routledge. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-86564-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-86564-1"><bdi>978-1-135-86564-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liturgy+and+Contemplation+in+Byrd%27s+Gradualia&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-135-86564-1&rft.au=Kerry+McCarthy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkYGQAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWordsworth1810222–223-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWordsworth1810222–223_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWordsworth1810">Wordsworth 1810</a>, pp. 222–223. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpencer_J._Weinreich2017" class="citation book cs1">Spencer J. Weinreich, ed. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hohZDgAAQBAJ">Pedro de Ribadeneyra's 'Ecclesiastical History of the Schism of the Kingdom of England'</a>. BRILL. p. 238. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32396-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32396-4"><bdi>978-90-04-32396-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pedro+de+Ribadeneyra%27s+%27Ecclesiastical+History+of+the+Schism+of+the+Kingdom+of+England%27&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-90-04-32396-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhohZDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SnxEAAAAcAAJ">A Collection of the most remarkable Trials of persons for High-Treason, Murder, Rapes, Heresy, Bigamy, Burglary; and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors</a>. Vol. IV. London: T. Read. 1736. p. 94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Collection+of+the+most+remarkable+Trials+of+persons+for+High-Treason%2C+Murder%2C+Rapes%2C+Heresy%2C+Bigamy%2C+Burglary%3B+and+Other+Crimes+and+Misdemeanors.&rft.place=London&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=T.+Read&rft.date=1736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSnxEAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAgnes_M._Stewart1876" class="citation book cs1">Agnes M. Stewart (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandletterss00stewgoog">The Life and Letters of Sir Thomas More</a>. Burns & Oates. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeandletterss00stewgoog/page/n362">339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Letters+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft.pages=339&rft.pub=Burns+%26+Oates&rft.date=1876&rft.au=Agnes+M.+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeandletterss00stewgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFW._Jos_Walter1840" class="citation book cs1">W. Jos Walter (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nx86AAAAcAAJ">Sir Thomas More His Life and Times: Illustrated from His Own Writings and from Contemporary Documents</a>. London: Charles Dolman. p. 353.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Thomas+More+His+Life+and+Times%3A+Illustrated+from+His+Own+Writings+and+from+Contemporary+Documents&rft.place=London&rft.pages=353&rft.pub=Charles+Dolman&rft.date=1840&rft.au=W.+Jos+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnx86AAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHume1813" class="citation cs2">Hume, David (1813), The History of England, p. 632</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+England&rft.pages=632&rft.date=1813&rft.aulast=Hume&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Guy, John, A Daughter's Love: Thomas & Margaret More, London: Fourth Estate, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-719231-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-719231-1">978-0-00-719231-1</a>, p. 266. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Edward_Bridgett1891" class="citation book cs1">Thomas Edward Bridgett (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LifeAndWritingsOfSirThomasMore">Life and Writings of Sir Thomas More: Lord Chancellor of England and Martyr Under Henry VIII</a>. Burns & Oates. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LifeAndWritingsOfSirThomasMore/page/n472">436</a>. <q>thomas more head buried.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Writings+of+Sir+Thomas+More%3A+Lord+Chancellor+of+England+and+Martyr+Under+Henry+VIII&rft.pages=436&rft.pub=Burns+%26+Oates&rft.date=1891&rft.au=Thomas+Edward+Bridgett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLifeAndWritingsOfSirThomasMore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KGc_AQAAMAAJ&q=thomas+more++roper+vault+skull&pg=PA142">"The Head of Simon Sudbury"</a>. Journal of the British Archaeological Association. 1. British Archaeological Association: 142–144. 1895.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Archaeological+Association&rft.atitle=The+Head+of+Simon+Sudbury&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E142-%3C%2Fspan%3E144&rft.date=1895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKGc_AQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2B%2Broper%2Bvault%2Bskull%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynsted-society.co.uk/resources_documents_articles_lady_margaret_roper_and_the_head_of_sir_thomas_more.html">"Lady Margaret Roper and the head of Sir Thomas More"</a>. Insert Logo Here Lynsted with Kingsdown Society. Retrieved 24 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insert+Logo+Here+Lynsted+with+Kingsdown+Society&rft.atitle=Lady+Margaret+Roper+and+the+head+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynsted-society.co.uk%2Fresources_documents_articles_lady_margaret_roper_and_the_head_of_sir_thomas_more.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoyne_Courtenay_Bell1877" class="citation book cs1">Doyne Courtenay Bell (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aGjSAAAAMAAJ&q=thomas+more+skull+buried+at&pg=PA88">Notices of the Historic Persons Buried in the Chapel of St. Peter Ad Vincula: In the Tower of London</a>. J. Murray. pp. 88–91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notices+of+the+Historic+Persons+Buried+in+the+Chapel+of+St.+Peter+Ad+Vincula%3A+In+the+Tower+of+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1877&rft.au=Doyne+Courtenay+Bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaGjSAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Bskull%2Bburied%2Bat%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-r6-134"><a href="#cite_ref-r6_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14689c.htm">"St. Thomas More"</a>. Catholic Encyclopaedia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+More&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopaedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14689c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Hilliam2010" class="citation book cs1">David Hilliam (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OpATDQAAQBAJ&q=thomas+more+relics+hair+shirt+Chideock+castle&pg=PT56">Little Book of Dorset</a>. History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-6265-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-6265-3"><bdi>978-0-7524-6265-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Little+Book+of+Dorset&rft.pub=History+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-6265-3&rft.au=David+Hilliam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOpATDQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Brelics%2Bhair%2Bshirt%2BChideock%2Bcastle%26pg%3DPT56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnne_Vail2004" class="citation book cs1">Anne Vail (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hjyc9bPITKgC&q=thomas+more+relics+hair+shirt+Chideock+castle&pg=PA42">Shrines of Our Lady in England</a>. Gracewing Publishing. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85244-603-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85244-603-9"><bdi>0-85244-603-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shrines+of+Our+Lady+in+England&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Gracewing+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-85244-603-9&rft.au=Anne+Vail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhjyc9bPITKgC%26q%3Dthomas%2Bmore%2Brelics%2Bhair%2Bshirt%2BChideock%2Bcastle%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Caldwell2016" class="citation web cs1">Simon Caldwell (21 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecatholictelegraph.com/st-thomas-mores-hair-shirt-now-enshrined-for-public-veneration/37221">"St. Thomas More's hair shirt now enshrined for public veneration"</a>. Catholic Telegraph.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Thomas+More%27s+hair+shirt+now+enshrined+for+public+veneration&rft.pub=Catholic+Telegraph&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft.au=Simon+Caldwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecatholictelegraph.com%2Fst-thomas-mores-hair-shirt-now-enshrined-for-public-veneration%2F37221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402084533/http://www.dioceseofshrewsbury.org/news/hair-shirt-worn-st-thomas-enshrined-public-veneration-possibly-first-time">"Hair-shirt worn by St Thomas More is enshrined for public veneration for possibly the first time"</a>. Diocese of Shrewsbury. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dioceseofshrewsbury.org/news/hair-shirt-worn-st-thomas-enshrined-public-veneration-possibly-first-time">the original</a> on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hair-shirt+worn+by+St+Thomas+More+is+enshrined+for+public+veneration+for+possibly+the+first+time&rft.pub=Diocese+of+Shrewsbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dioceseofshrewsbury.org%2Fnews%2Fhair-shirt-worn-st-thomas-enshrined-public-veneration-possibly-first-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.uncw.edu/atkinsa/388/erasmus.pdf">"Thomas More to Erasmus, 1533"</a> (PDF). Thomas More Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thomas+More+Studies&rft.atitle=Thomas+More+to+Erasmus%2C+1533&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.uncw.edu%2Fatkinsa%2F388%2Ferasmus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWegemer1996218-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWegemer1996218_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWegemer1996">Wegemer 1996</a>, p. 218. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2014" class="citation journal cs1">Meyer, Jürgen (2014). "An Unthinkable History of King Richard the Third: Thomas More's Fragment and his Answer to Lucian's Tyrannicide". <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Review" title="Modern Language Review">Modern Language Review</a>. 109 (3): 629–639. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5699%2Fmodelangrevi.109.3.0629">10.5699/modelangrevi.109.3.0629</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=An+Unthinkable+History+of+King+Richard+the+Third%3A+Thomas+More%27s+Fragment+and+his+Answer+to+Lucian%27s+Tyrannicide&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E629-%3C%2Fspan%3E639&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5699%2Fmodelangrevi.109.3.0629&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Logan168-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Logan168_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Logan168_142-1">b</a> Logan (2011) p168 </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBate2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bate" title="Jonathan Bate">Bate, Jonathan</a> (2008). Soul of the age : the life, mind and world of William Shakespeare. London: Viking. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670914821" title="Special:BookSources/9780670914821"><bdi>9780670914821</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soul+of+the+age+%3A+the+life%2C+mind+and+world+of+William+Shakespeare&rft.place=London&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780670914821&rft.aulast=Bate&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwyzer2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schwyzer" title="Philip Schwyzer">Schwyzer, Philip</a> (2013). Shakespeare and the remains of Richard III. Oxford University Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199676101" title="Special:BookSources/9780199676101"><bdi>9780199676101</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare+and+the+remains+of+Richard+III&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199676101&rft.aulast=Schwyzer&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarron2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Barron" title="Caroline Barron">Barron, Caroline M.</a> (2011). "The making of a London citizen". In Logan, George M. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Thomas More. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521888622" title="Special:BookSources/9780521888622"><bdi>9780521888622</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+making+of+a+London+citizen&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Thomas+More&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780521888622&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=Caroline+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarkham1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clements_Markham" title="Clements Markham">Markham, Clements</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36451">Richard III: His Life and Character, reviewed in the light of recent research</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smith,_Elder_%26_Co." title="Smith, Elder & Co.">Smith, Elder & Co.</a> pp. 168–171.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+III%3A+His+Life+and+Character%2C+reviewed+in+the+light+of+recent+research&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E168-%3C%2Fspan%3E171&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co.&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Clements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F36451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Yoran, H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24413094?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=richard&searchText=iii&searchText=history&searchUri=/action/doBasicSearch?Query=richard+iii+history&prq=richard+iii+historicity&group=none%">Thomas More's Richard III: Probing the Limits of Humanism.</a> Renaissance Studies 15, no. 4 (2001): 514–37. Retrieved 1 December 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore2013" class="citation book cs1">More, Thomas (31 October 2013). "Introduction". In Lumby, J Rawson (ed.). More's Utopia. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Robinson_(humanist)" title="Ralph Robinson (humanist)">Robynson, Raphe</a> (1952 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. vii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-64515-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-64515-8"><bdi>978-1-107-64515-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=More%27s+Utopia&rft.pages=vii&rft.edition=1952&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-10-31&rft.isbn=978-1-107-64515-8&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> Logan (2011) pp 39, 142, 144 </li> <li id="cite_note-nyers-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyers_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyers_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNyers2000" class="citation journal cs1">Nyers, Peter (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorku.ca/problema/issue06.html">"The Politics of Enclosure in Thomas More's Utopia"</a>. Problematique. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Problematique&rft.atitle=The+Politics+of+Enclosure+in+Thomas+More%27s+Utopia&rft.volume=6&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Nyers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorku.ca%2Fproblema%2Fissue06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Donovan2019" class="citation book cs1">O'Donovan, Louis (5 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hDq-DwAAQBAJ">The Defence of the Seven Sacraments</a>. Dalcassian Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5380-9202-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5380-9202-6"><bdi>978-1-5380-9202-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Defence+of+the+Seven+Sacraments&rft.pub=Dalcassian+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft.isbn=978-1-5380-9202-6&rft.aulast=O%27Donovan&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhDq-DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Vidmar2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Vidmar" title="John Vidmar">John Vidmar</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zENJHwQqSy0C">The Catholic Church Through the Ages: A History</a>. Paulist Press. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8091-4234-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8091-4234-1"><bdi>0-8091-4234-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Church+Through+the+Ages%3A+A+History&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8091-4234-1&rft.au=John+Vidmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzENJHwQqSy0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rex102-153">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rex102_153-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rex102_153-1">b</a> Rex (2011) p.102 </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Greenblatt2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Greenblatt" title="Stephen Greenblatt">Stephen Greenblatt</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=11msvVh_3nMC">Learning to Curse: Essays in Early Modern Culture</a>. Routledge. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-77420-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-77420-1"><bdi>978-1-136-77420-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+to+Curse%3A+Essays+in+Early+Modern+Culture&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-77420-1&rft.au=Stephen+Greenblatt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D11msvVh_3nMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1935" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Brendan F. (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1064&context=flr">"St. Thomas More, lawyer"</a>. Fordham Law Review. 3 (3): 375–390.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fordham+Law+Review&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+More%2C+lawyer&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E375-%3C%2Fspan%3E390&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Brendan+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.lawnet.fordham.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1064%26context%3Dflr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kjg.de/?id=12">"Thomas Morus"</a>. kjg.de. Retrieved 1 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kjg.de&rft.atitle=Thomas+Morus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kjg.de%2F%3Fid%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiles1965" class="citation journal cs1">Miles, Leland (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/175180">"Persecution and the Dialogue of Comfort: A Fresh Look at the Charges against Thomas More"</a>. Journal of British Studies. 5 (1): 19–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F385507">10.1086/385507</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9371">0021-9371</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/175180">175180</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143128538">143128538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Studies&rft.atitle=Persecution+and+the+Dialogue+of+Comfort%3A+A+Fresh+Look+at+the+Charges+against+Thomas+More&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=1965&rft.issn=0021-9371&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143128538%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F175180%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F385507&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Leland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F175180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. 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Reformation Reputations: The Power of the Individual in English Reformation History. Springer International Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reformation+Reputations%3A+The+Power+of+the+Individual+in+English+Reformation+History&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_J._Boorstin1999" class="citation book cs1">Daniel J. Boorstin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B35joCqtHIwC&pg=PA154">The Seekers: The Story of Man's Continuing Quest to Understand His World</a>. Random House Digital, Inc. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-70475-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-70475-8"><bdi>978-0-375-70475-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seekers%3A+The+Story+of+Man%27s+Continuing+Quest+to+Understand+His+World&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-375-70475-8&rft.au=Daniel+J.+Boorstin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB35joCqtHIwC%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-161"><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_161-0">^</a> Quoted in Britannica – The Online Encyclopedia, article: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/392018/Sir-Thomas-More">Sir Thomas More</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChesterton,_G._K.1929" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton, G. K.</a> (1929). The Fame of Blessed Thomas More. London: Sheed & Ward. p. 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fame+of+Blessed+Thomas+More&rft.place=London&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Sheed+%26+Ward&rft.date=1929&rft.au=Chesterton%2C+G.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChesterton2021" class="citation book cs1">Chesterton, G. K. (9 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KkNZEAAAQBAJ&dq=mind+of+More+was+like+a+diamond+that+a+tyrant+threw+away+into+a+ditch,+because+he+could+not+break+it.&pg=PT165">The Well and the Shallows</a>. Good Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Well+and+the+Shallows&rft.pub=Good+Press&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Chesterton&rft.aufirst=G.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKkNZEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dmind%2Bof%2BMore%2Bwas%2Blike%2Ba%2Bdiamond%2Bthat%2Ba%2Btyrant%2Bthrew%2Baway%2Binto%2Ba%2Bditch%2C%2Bbecause%2Bhe%2Bcould%2Bnot%2Bbreak%2Bit.%26pg%3DPT165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oconnell-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oconnell_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oconnell_164-1">b</a> Cited in Marvin O'Connell, "A Man for all Seasons: an Historian's Demur," Catholic Dossier 8 no. 2 (March–April 2002): 16–19 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/politics/pg0078.html">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512092205/http://catholiceducation.org/articles/politics/pg0078.html">Archived</a> 12 May 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Swift" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan Swift. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.online-literature.com/swift/religion-church-vol-one/14/">"Writings on Religion and the Church, Vol. I. by Jonathan Swift: Ch. 14: Concerning that Universal Hatred"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Writings+on+Religion+and+the+Church%2C+Vol.+I.+by+Jonathan+Swift%3A+Ch.+14%3A+Concerning+that+Universal+Hatred&rft.au=Jonathan+Swift&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.online-literature.com%2Fswift%2Freligion-church-vol-one%2F14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Jonathan Swift, Prose Works of Jonathan Swift v. 13, Oxford UP, 1959, p. 123 </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814194921/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/reputation.html">"Reputation"</a>. Thomas More Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/reputation.html">the original</a> on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reputation&rft.pub=Thomas+More+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasmorestudies.org%2Freputation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKenny,_Jack2011" class="citation web cs1">Kenny, Jack (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=7769">"A Man of Enduring Conscience"</a>. Resource Center. Catholic Culture via Trinity Communications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resource+Center&rft.atitle=A+Man+of+Enduring+Conscience&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Kenny%2C+Jack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fculture%2Flibrary%2Fview.cfm%3Frecnum%3D7769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chambers-169"><a href="#cite_ref-chambers_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChambers,_R._W.1929" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Wilson_Chambers" title="Raymond Wilson Chambers">Chambers, R. W.</a> (1929). Sir Thomas More's Fame Among His Countrymen. 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Revue de la Société d'études anglo-américaines des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. 24 (1): 53–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fxvii.1987.1353">10.3406/xvii.1987.1353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=XVII-XVIII.+Revue+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+d%27%C3%A9tudes+anglo-am%C3%A9ricaines+des+XVIIe+et+XVIIIe+si%C3%A8cles&rft.atitle=The+Image+of+Thomas+More+in+the+Age+of+Enlightenment&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fxvii.1987.1353&rft.aulast=Gury&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fxvii_0291-3798_1987_num_24_1_1353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F7819">10.1093/ref:odnb/7819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Donne%2C+John+%281572%E2%80%931631%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F7819&rft.aulast=Colclough&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNamara2003" class="citation journal cs1">McNamara, Robert (2003). 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Retrieved 23 November 2023. <q>Historians and economists who are perplexed by Utopia perceive in this name a subtle hint by More that he himself regarded his communism as an impracticable dream.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More+and+his+Utopia+Part+3+Chapter+5+The+Aim+of+Utopia&rft.date=1888&rft.au=Kautsky%2C+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fkautsky%2F1888%2Fmore%2Fch13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoreau1992" class="citation journal cs1">Moreau, Jean-Philippe (1992). "Review of Miscellanea Moreana: Essays for Germain Marc'hadour". Études Anglaises. 45 (2): 202–204.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+Anglaises&rft.atitle=Review+of+Miscellanea+Moreana%3A+Essays+for+Germain+Marc%27hadour&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E202-%3C%2Fspan%3E204&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Moreau&rft.aufirst=Jean-Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> Sue Parrill, William Baxter Robison (2013). "The Tudors on Film and Television", p. 92. McFarland, </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtright2012" class="citation book cs1">Curtright, Travis (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt284wpm">The One Thomas More</a>. Catholic University of America Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt284wpm">10.2307/j.ctt284wpm</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-1995-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-1995-0"><bdi>978-0-8132-1995-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt284wpm">j.ctt284wpm</a>. Retrieved 29 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+One+Thomas+More&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt284wpm%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt284wpm&rft.isbn=978-0-8132-1995-0&rft.aulast=Curtright&rft.aufirst=Travis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt284wpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMazour-Matusevich2017" class="citation journal cs1">Mazour-Matusevich, Yelena (1 April 2017). "Some Aspects of Jean Gerson's Legal Influence in Sixteenth Century England: The Issue of Epikeia". Journal of Early Modern Christianity. 4 (1): 47–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fjemc-2017-0003">10.1515/jemc-2017-0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164459672">164459672</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Early+Modern+Christianity&rft.atitle=Some+Aspects+of+Jean+Gerson%27s+Legal+Influence+in+Sixteenth+Century+England%3A+The+Issue+of+Epikeia&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fjemc-2017-0003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164459672%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mazour-Matusevich&rft.aufirst=Yelena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGneist1886" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_von_Gneist" title="Rudolf von Gneist">Gneist, Rudolph</a> (1886). The History of the English Constitution [Englische Verfassungsgeschichte]. Vol. 2. Translated by Ashworth, Philip. London: <a href="/wiki/William_Clowes_(printer)" title="William Clowes (printer)">William Clowes</a>. p. 178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+English+Constitution&rft.place=London&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=William+Clowes&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Gneist&rft.aufirst=Rudolph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerian2022" class="citation journal cs1">Herian, Robert (January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oro.open.ac.uk/69459/9/69459.pdf">"The Conscience of Thomas More: An Introduction to Equity in Modernity"</a> (PDF). The Heythrop Journal. 63 (1): 64–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fheyj.13507">10.1111/heyj.13507</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214203101">214203101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Heythrop+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Conscience+of+Thomas+More%3A+An+Introduction+to+Equity+in+Modernity&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.date=2022-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fheyj.13507&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214203101%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Herian&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foro.open.ac.uk%2F69459%2F9%2F69459.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Long,_William_B._1989_pages_49-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Long,_William_B._1989_pages_49_181-0">^</a> Long, William B. The Occasion of the Book of Sir Thomas More. Howard-Hill, T.H. editor. Shakespeare and Sir Thomas More; essays on the play and its Shakespearean Interest. Cambridge University Press. (1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34658-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34658-4">0-521-34658-4</a>. pages 49–54 </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> Gabrieli, Vittorio. Melchiori, Giorgio, editors Introduction. Munday, Anthony. And others. Sir Thomas More. Manchester University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-1544-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-1544-8">0-7190-1544-8</a>. Page 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSutter2022" class="citation journal cs1">Sutter, Nicholas De (June 2022). "Sanctus martyr Thomas Morus : an unknown Neo-Latin More play from the College of Marchiennes". Moreana. 59 (1): 1–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fmore.2022.0115">10.3366/more.2022.0115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Moreana&rft.atitle=Sanctus+martyr+Thomas+Morus+%3A+an+unknown+Neo-Latin+More+play+from+the+College+of+Marchiennes&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fmore.2022.0115&rft.aulast=Sutter&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRawlins2015" class="citation book cs1">Rawlins, Christine (2015). Beyond the snow : the life and faith of Elizabeth Goudge. Bloomington, IN: Westbow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4908-8619-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4908-8619-0"><bdi>978-1-4908-8619-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+snow+%3A+the+life+and+faith+of+Elizabeth+Goudge&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Westbow&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4908-8619-0&rft.aulast=Rawlins&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> Gary O'Connor (2002), Paul Scofield: An Actor for All Seasons, Applause Books. Page 150. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wood2010-186"><a href="#cite_ref-Wood2010_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood2010" class="citation book cs1">Wood, James (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JiI8Kwd6j9AC&pg=PA15">The Broken Estate: Essays on Literature and Belief</a>. New York: Picador. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42956-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42956-0"><bdi>978-0-312-42956-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Broken+Estate%3A+Essays+on+Literature+and+Belief&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-312-42956-0&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJiI8Kwd6j9AC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobison2016" class="citation book cs1">Robison, William B. (2016). History, fiction, and the Tudors : sex, politics, power, and artistic license in the Showtime television series. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43881-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43881-2"><bdi>978-1-137-43881-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History%2C+fiction%2C+and+the+Tudors+%3A+sex%2C+politics%2C+power%2C+and+artistic+license+in+the+Showtime+television+series&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-137-43881-2&rft.aulast=Robison&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNissen2019" class="citation news cs1">Nissen, Dano (26 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/tv-news-roundup-spanish-princess-casting-real-housewives-of-atlanta-season-12-1203350779/">"TV News Roundup: 'The Spanish Princess' Sets New and Returning Cast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=TV+News+Roundup%3A+%27The+Spanish+Princess%27+Sets+New+and+Returning+Cast&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft.aulast=Nissen&rft.aufirst=Dano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Ftv-news-roundup-spanish-princess-casting-real-housewives-of-atlanta-season-12-1203350779%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de/W4RF/YaBB.pl?num=1242283350">USF perhaps considering to sell rare books</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519071125/http://www.phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de/W4RF/YaBB.pl?num=1242283350">Archived</a> 19 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de. Retrieved 19 May 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finebooksmagazine.com/news/sangorski-manuscript-top-lot-pbas-sale-dr-elmer-belts-collection">Sangorski Manuscript a Top Lot at PBA's Sale of Dr. Elmer Belt's Collection</a>, finebooksmagazine.com. Retrieved 19 May 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Otto_Schaefer" title="Otto Schaefer">Otto Schaefer</a>, "Aims in Book Collecting", The Record, Gleeson Library Associates, Number 11, San Francisco: University of San Francisco, 1978. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/6641389.lord-wardington/">Lord Wardington</a>, oxfordmail.co.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFValavoiLapshina1983" class="citation book cs1">Valavoi, Dmitry; Lapshina, Henrietta (1983). Names on an obelisk. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Greenwood" title="Peter Greenwood">Peter Greenwood</a>. Moscow: <a href="/wiki/Progress_Publishers" title="Progress Publishers">Progress Publishers</a>. pp. 8–9. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/878939730">878939730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Names+on+an+obelisk&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Progress+Publishers&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F878939730&rft.aulast=Valavoi&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft.au=Lapshina%2C+Henrietta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guy2000-195"><a href="#cite_ref-Guy2000_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuy2000" class="citation book cs1">Guy, John Alexander (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lf1lQgAACAAJ">Thomas More</a>. Arnold. pp. 95–96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-73139-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-73139-0"><bdi>978-0-340-73139-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E96&rft.pub=Arnold&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-340-73139-0&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=John+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlf1lQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChapmanChen01a-199"><a href="#cite_ref-ChapmanChen01a_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChen,_Chapman2011" class="citation book cs1">Chen, Chapman (2011). Pekka Kujamäki (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S4-MqkBKvg4C&q=%22thomas+More%22+China&pg=PA48">"Postcolonial Hong Kong Drama Translation" in "Beyond Borders: Translations Moving Languages, Literatures and Cultures"</a>. Volume 39 of TransÜD. Arbeiten zur Theorie und Praxis des Übersetzens und Dolmetschens. <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_%26_Timme" class="extiw" title="de:Frank & Timme">Frank & Timme GmbH</a>, Berlin. pp. 47–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86596-356-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86596-356-7"><bdi>978-3-86596-356-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Postcolonial+Hong+Kong+Drama+Translation%22+in+%22Beyond+Borders%3A+Translations+Moving+Languages%2C+Literatures+and+Cultures%22&rft.series=Volume+39+of+Trans%C3%9CD.+Arbeiten+zur+Theorie+und+Praxis+des+%C3%9Cbersetzens+und+Dolmetschens&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.pub=Frank+%26+Timme+GmbH%2C+Berlin&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-86596-356-7&rft.au=Chen%2C+Chapman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS4-MqkBKvg4C%26q%3D%2522thomas%2BMore%2522%2BChina%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Thomas More : the saint and the society; addresses and articles on St Thomas More further published to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of the foundation of the St Thomas More Society on 14th August 1945. Sydney: St Thomas More Society. 1995. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-26104-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-26104-1"><bdi>978-0-646-26104-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More+%3A+the+saint+and+the+society%3B+addresses+and+articles+on+St+Thomas+More+further+published+to+commemorate+the+Golden+Jubilee+of+the+foundation+of+the+St+Thomas+More+Society+on+14th+August+1945&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=St+Thomas+More+Society&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-646-26104-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> Ackroyd (1999) p. 244. Bibliographer <a href="/wiki/William_Carew_Hazlitt" title="William Carew Hazlitt">William Carew Hazlitt</a> in his Shakespeare Jest Book Volume III (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/690506548">690506548</a>) assigns publication of the work to More's brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/John_Rastell" title="John Rastell">John Rastell</a>, with a date of 23 March 1525. </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeaver1892" class="citation book cs1">Beaver, Alfred (1892). Memorials of Old Chelsea. London: <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Stock" title="Elliot Stock">Elliot Stock</a>. pp. 118–138. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/499072940">499072940</a>. <q>In...1682...Chelsey...was sold to...the first Duke of Beaufort...and henceforth bore [the] name.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorials+of+Old+Chelsea&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E118-%3C%2Fspan%3E138&rft.pub=Elliot+Stock&rft.date=1892&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F499072940&rft.aulast=Beaver&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> Ackroyd (1999) pp. 234–5 </li> <li id="cite_note-Weinreb-204"><a href="#cite_ref-Weinreb_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeinrebHibbert1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Weinreb" title="Ben Weinreb">Weinreb, Ben</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hibbert" title="Christopher Hibbert">Hibbert, Christopher</a> (1983). "Crosby Hall". <a href="/wiki/The_London_Encyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Encyclopædia">The London Encyclopædia</a> (1993 ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 219–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-57688-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-57688-8"><bdi>0-333-57688-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crosby+Hall&rft.btitle=The+London+Encyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E219-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.edition=1993&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-333-57688-8&rft.aulast=Weinreb&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Hibbert%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RBKC-206"><a href="#cite_ref-RBKC_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621225239/https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/vmhistory/general/vm_hs_p02.asp">"Thomas More Comes to Chelsea"</a>. www.rbkc.gov.uk. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/vmhistory/general/vm_hs_p02.asp">the original</a> on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rbkc.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Thomas+More+Comes+to+Chelsea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbkc.gov.uk%2Fvmhistory%2Fgeneral%2Fvm_hs_p02.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEagle2008" class="citation book cs1">Eagle, Dorothy; et al., eds. (2008). The Oxford guide to literary Britain & Ireland (3rd ed.). Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861460-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861460-9"><bdi>978-0-19-861460-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+guide+to+literary+Britain+%26+Ireland.&rft.place=Oxford+%5BEngland%5D&rft.pages=115&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861460-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploringeastlondon.co.uk/eel/Stkatharines/Stkatharines.htm#More">"St Katharine's Dock"</a>. Exploring East London. Retrieved 4 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St+Katharine%27s+Dock&rft.pub=Exploring+East+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exploringeastlondon.co.uk%2Feel%2FStkatharines%2FStkatharines.htm%23More&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchulte_Herbrüggen1982" class="citation book cs1">Schulte Herbrüggen, Hubertus (1982). Das Haupt des Thomas Morus in der St. Dunstan-Kirche zu Canterbury. Forschungsberichte des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Haupt+des+Thomas+Morus+in+der+St.+Dunstan-Kirche+zu+Canterbury&rft.series=Forschungsberichte+des+Landes+Nordrhein-Westfalen&rft.pub=VS+Verlag+f%C3%BCr+Sozialwissenschaften&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Schulte+Herbr%C3%BCggen&rft.aufirst=Hubertus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies">Biographies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Biographies">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAckroyd1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Ackroyd, Peter</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofthomasmore00ackr">The Life of Thomas More</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385477093" title="Special:BookSources/9780385477093"><bdi>9780385477093</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Thomas+More&rft.pub=Chatto+%26+Windus&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780385477093&rft.aulast=Ackroyd&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeofthomasmore00ackr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBasset1965" class="citation book cs1">Basset, Bernard, SJ (1965). Born for Friendship: The Spirit of Sir Thomas More. London: Burns & Oates.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Born+for+Friendship%3A+The+Spirit+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Burns+%26+Oates&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Basset&rft.aufirst=Bernard%2C+SJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerglar2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Berglar" title="Peter Berglar">Berglar, Peter</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5eAN_FrS2o4C">Thomas More: A Lonely Voice against the Power of the State</a>. New York: Scepter Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59417-073-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59417-073-7"><bdi>978-1-59417-073-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%3A+A+Lonely+Voice+against+the+Power+of+the+State&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Scepter+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59417-073-7&rft.aulast=Berglar&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5eAN_FrS2o4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> (Note: this is a 2009 translation (from the original German, by Hector de Cavilla) of Berglar's 1978 work Die Stunde des Thomas Morus – Einer gegen die Macht. Freiburg 1978; Adamas-Verlag, Köln 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-925746-78-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-925746-78-1">3-925746-78-1</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrady1953" class="citation book cs1">Brady, Charles A. (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stageoffools0000unse">Stage of Fools: A Novel of Sir Thomas More</a>. Dutton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stage+of+Fools%3A+A+Novel+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Charles+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstageoffools0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Br%C3%A9mond" title="Henri Brémond">Brémond, Henri</a> (1904) – Le Bienheureux Thomas More 1478–1535 (1904) as Sir Thomas More (1913) translated by Henry Child; <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924027960800">1920 edition</a> published by R. & T. Washbourne Limited, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1224822">1224822</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/749455885">749455885</a>;</li> <li>Paperback edition by Kessinger Publishing, LLC (2006), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4286-1904-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4286-1904-3">978-1-4286-1904-3</a></li> <li>published in French in Paris by Gabalda, 1920, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/369064822">369064822</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd>(Note: Brémond is frequently cited in Berglar (2009))</dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBridgett1891" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edward_Bridgett" title="Thomas Edward Bridgett">Bridgett, Thomas Edward</a> (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifewritingsofsi00brid/lifewritingsofsi00brid_djvu.txt">Life and Writings of Sir Thomas More, Lord Chancellor of England and Martyr under Henry VIII</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Writings+of+Sir+Thomas+More%2C+Lord+Chancellor+of+England+and+Martyr+under+Henry+VIII&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Bridgett&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flifewritingsofsi00brid%2Flifewritingsofsi00brid_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChambers1935" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R.W._Chambers" class="mw-redirect" title="R.W. Chambers">Chambers, RW</a> (1935). Thomas More. Harcourt, Brace.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=RW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuy1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Guy_(historian)" title="John Guy (historian)">Guy, John</a> (1980). The Public Career of Sir Thomas More. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02546-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02546-0"><bdi>978-0-300-02546-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Public+Career+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-300-02546-0&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuy2000" class="citation book cs1">——— (2000). Thomas More. Arnold. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-73138-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-73138-3"><bdi>978-0-340-73138-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More&rft.pub=Arnold&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-340-73138-3&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuy2009" class="citation book cs1">——— (2009). A Daughter's Love: Thomas More and His Daughter Meg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Daughter%27s+Love%3A+Thomas+More+and+His+Daughter+Meg&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHiscockWilcox2017" class="citation book cs1">Hiscock, Andrew; Wilcox, Helen, eds. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HCwpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA547">The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern English Literature and Religion</a>. Oxford: University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-165342-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-165342-1"><bdi>978-0-19-165342-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Early+Modern+English+Literature+and+Religion&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-165342-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHCwpDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHouse2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">House, Seymour B. (2008) [2004]. "More, Thomas". <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19191">10.1093/ref:odnb/19191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=More%2C+Thomas&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F19191&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=Seymour+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarius1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marius" title="Richard Marius">Marius, Richard</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomasmorebiogra00mari">Thomas More: A Biography</a>. Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780394741468" title="Special:BookSources/9780394741468"><bdi>9780394741468</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780394741468&rft.aulast=Marius&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthomasmorebiogra00mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarius1999" class="citation book cs1">——— (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DdAYSzj20t0C">Thomas More: a biography</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-88525-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-88525-7"><bdi>978-0-674-88525-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%3A+a+biography&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-674-88525-7&rft.aulast=Marius&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDdAYSzj20t0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore1828" class="citation book cs1">More, Cresacre (1828). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifesirthomasmo00moregoog">The Life of Sir Thomas More by His Great-Grandson</a>. W. Pickering. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifesirthomasmo00moregoog/page/n414">344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Sir+Thomas+More+by+His+Great-Grandson&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=W.+Pickering&rft.date=1828&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Cresacre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifesirthomasmo00moregoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoynahan2014" class="citation book cs1">Moynahan, Brian (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RgrHAgAAQBAJ">God's Bestseller: William Tyndale, Thomas More, and the Writing of the English Bible – A Story of Martyrdom and Betrayal</a>. St. Martin's Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6650-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6650-8"><bdi>978-1-4668-6650-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Bestseller%3A+William+Tyndale%2C+Thomas+More%2C+and+the+Writing+of+the+English+Bible+%E2%80%93+A+Story+of+Martyrdom+and+Betrayal&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4668-6650-8&rft.aulast=Moynahan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRgrHAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuellerLoewenstein2002" class="citation book cs1">Mueller, Janel; Loewenstein, David, eds. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J90cWIBoAPcC&pg=PA93">The Cambridge History of Early Modern English Literature</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63156-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63156-3"><bdi>978-0-521-63156-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Early+Modern+English+Literature&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63156-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ90cWIBoAPcC%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhélippeau2016" class="citation book cs1">Phélippeau, Marie-Claire (2016). Thomas More. Gallimard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More&rft.pub=Gallimard&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Ph%C3%A9lippeau&rft.aufirst=Marie-Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1964" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, EE (1964). The Trialet of St Thomas More.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trialet+of+St+Thomas+More&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=EE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1965" class="citation book cs1">——— (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thomasmoreerasmu00reyn">Thomas More and Erasmus</a>. New York: Fordham University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More+and+Erasmus&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=EE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthomasmoreerasmu00reyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRidley1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Ridley" title="Jasper Ridley">Ridley, Jasper</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statesmansaintca00ridl">Statesman and Saint: Cardinal Wolsey, Sir Thomas More, and the Politics of Henry VIII</a>. Viking Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-48905-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-48905-0"><bdi>0-670-48905-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statesman+and+Saint%3A+Cardinal+Wolsey%2C+Sir+Thomas+More%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Henry+VIII&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-670-48905-0&rft.aulast=Ridley&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstatesmansaintca00ridl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoper2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Roper_(biographer)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Roper (biographer)">Roper, William</a> (2003), Wegemer, Gerard B; Smith, Stephen W (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608192245/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Roper.pdf">The Life of Sir Thomas More (1556)</a> (PDF), Center for Thomas More Studies, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Roper.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 June 2012, retrieved 5 March 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Sir+Thomas+More+%281556%29&rft.pub=Center+for+Thomas+More+Studies&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Roper&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasmorestudies.org%2Fdocs%2FRoper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoper2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Roper" title="William Roper">Roper, William</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cPL3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2">The Life of St. Thomas More</a>. Benediction Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4092-2795-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4092-2795-3"><bdi>978-1-4092-2795-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+St.+Thomas+More&rft.pub=Benediction+Classics&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4092-2795-3&rft.aulast=Roper&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcPL3AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStapleton" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stapleton_(theologian)" title="Thomas Stapleton (theologian)">Stapleton, Thomas</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161229170629/http://thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Stapletons_Life_of_TM.pdf">The Life and Illustrious Martyrdom of Sir Thomas More (1588)</a> (PDF), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/docs/Stapletons_Life_of_TM.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 29 December 2016, retrieved 3 January 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Illustrious+Martyrdom+of+Sir+Thomas+More+%281588%29&rft.aulast=Stapleton&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasmorestudies.org%2Fdocs%2FStapletons_Life_of_TM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWegemer1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wegemer" title="Gerard Wegemer">Wegemer, Gerard</a> (1985). Thomas More: A Portrait of Courage. Scepter Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-889334-12-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-889334-12-7"><bdi>978-1-889334-12-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More%3A+A+Portrait+of+Courage&rft.pub=Scepter+Publishers&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-1-889334-12-7&rft.aulast=Wegemer&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWegemer1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wegemer" title="Gerard Wegemer">Wegemer, Gerard</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RazaAAAAMAAJ">Thomas More on Statesmanship</a>. Catholic University of America Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-0836-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-0836-7"><bdi>978-0-8132-0836-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More+on+Statesmanship&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8132-0836-7&rft.aulast=Wegemer&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRazaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWordsworth1810" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wordsworth" title="Christopher Wordsworth">Wordsworth, Christopher</a> (1810). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_5ppAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA222">Ecclesiastical Biography, Or, Lives of Eminent Men Connected with the History of Religion in England</a>. Vol. 2. London: Rivingtons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecclesiastical+Biography%2C+Or%2C+Lives+of+Eminent+Men+Connected+with+the+History+of+Religion+in+England&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rivingtons&rft.date=1810&rft.aulast=Wordsworth&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_5ppAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Historiography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGushurst-Moore2004" class="citation cs2">Gushurst-Moore, André (2004), "A Man for All Eras: Recent Books on Thomas More", Political Science Reviewer, 33: 90–143</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Reviewer&rft.atitle=A+Man+for+All+Eras%3A+Recent+Books+on+Thomas+More&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E90-%3C%2Fspan%3E143&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gushurst-Moore&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuy2000" class="citation cs2">Guy, John (2000), "The Search for the Historical Thomas More", History Review: 15+</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Review&rft.atitle=The+Search+for+the+Historical+Thomas+More&rft.pages=15%2B&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Miles, Leland. "Persecution and the Dialogue of Comfort: A Fresh Look at the Charges against Thomas More." Journal of British Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, 1965, pp. 19–30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/175180">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Primary sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore1947" class="citation cs2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">More, Thomas</a> (1947), Rogers, Elizabeth (ed.), The Correspondence of Sir Thomas More, Princeton University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Correspondence+of+Sir+Thomas+More&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore1963–1997" class="citation cs2">——— (1963–1997), <a href="/wiki/Yale_Edition_of_the_Complete_Works_of_St._Thomas_More" title="Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More">Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More</a>, Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yale+Edition+of+the+Complete+Works+of+St.+Thomas+More&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press.&rft.date=1963%2F1997&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore2001" class="citation cs2">——— (2001), da Silva, Álvaro (ed.), The Last Letters of Thomas More</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Letters+of+Thomas+More&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore2003" class="citation cs2">——— (2003), Thornton, John F (ed.), Saint Thomas More: Selected Writings</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+Thomas+More%3A+Selected+Writings&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore2004" class="citation cs2">——— (2004), Wegemer, Gerald B; Smith, Stephen W (eds.), A Thomas More Source Book, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic University of America Press">Catholic University of America Press</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Thomas+More+Source+Book&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMore2010" class="citation cs2">——— (2010), Logan, George M; Adams, Robert M (eds.), Utopia, Critical Editions (3rd ed.), Norton</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Utopia&rft.series=Critical+Editions&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=More&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Thomas_More" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Thomas More">Thomas More</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thomas_More" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thomas More">Thomas More</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F71815">"Archival material relating to Thomas More"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">UK National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archival+material+relating+to+Thomas+More&rft.pub=UK+National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fdetails%2Fc%2FF71815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42544#P3029" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp06288">Portraits of Sir Thomas More</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42544#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomasmorestudies.org">The Center for Thomas More Studies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dallas" title="University of Dallas">University of Dallas</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/library.html">Thomas More Studies database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620162041/http://www.thomasmorestudies.org/library.html">Archived</a> 20 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: contains several of More's English works, including dialogues, early poetry and letters, as well as journal articles and biographical material</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGerard_B._Wegemer" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gerard B. Wegemer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-more/">"Thomas More"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thomas+More&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.au=Gerard+B.+Wegemer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fthomas-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/827">Works by Thomas More</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22More%2C%20Thomas%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Thomas%20More%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22More%2C%20Thomas%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thomas%20More%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22More%2C%20T%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Thomas%20More%22%20OR%20description%3A%22More%2C%20Thomas%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Thomas%20More%22%29%20OR%20%28%221478-1535%22%20AND%20More%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Thomas More</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2660">Works by Thomas More</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(critic)" title="James Wood (critic)">Wood, James</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/wood.htm">Sir Thomas More: A Man for One Season</a> (essay)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Thomas+More%3A+A+Man+for+One+Season&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luminarium.org%2Frenlit%2Fwood.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">. Presents a critical view of More's <a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">anti-Protestantism</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKautsky" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky, Karl</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/1888/more/">Thomas More and his Utopia</a>, Marxists</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+More+and+his+Utopia&rft.pub=Marxists&rft.aulast=Kautsky&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fkautsky%2F1888%2Fmore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/utopia/more1/moreutopia.html">Thomas More and Utopias</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107040338/http://www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/21cc/utopia/more1/moreutopia.html">Archived</a> 7 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – a learning resource from the British Library</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWegemer" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wegemer" title="Gerard Wegemer">Wegemer, Gerard</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomasmoreinstitute.org.uk/?q=node/34">Integrity and Conscience in the Life and Thought of Thomas More</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integrity+and+Conscience+in+the+Life+and+Thought+of+Thomas+More&rft.aulast=Wegemer&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasmoreinstitute.org.uk%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://essentialmore.org">The Essential Works of Thomas More</a> – The Center for Thomas More Studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dallas" title="University of Dallas">University of Dallas</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Thomas_More">"St. Thomas More" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Thomas+More&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-thomas-more">Patron Saints Index entry</a> – Saint Thomas More biography, prayers, quotes, Catholic devotions to him.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.famous-trials.com/thomasmore">Trial of Sir Thomas More</a>, Professor Douglas O. Linder, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri-Kansas_City" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Missouri-Kansas City">University of Missouri-Kansas City</a> (UMKC) School of Law</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsaints.faithweb.com/martyrs/England01.htm">John Fisher and Thomas More: Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n79056176">Saint Thomas More</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 186 library catalogue records</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLumby1883" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Rawson_Lumby" title="J. Rawson Lumby">Lumby, J. Rawson</a>, ed. (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/moreshistoryofki00morerich/moreshistoryofki00morerich.pdf">More's History of King Richard III</a> (PDF). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More%27s+History+of+King+Richard+III&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1883&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Fmoreshistoryofki00morerich%2Fmoreshistoryofki00morerich.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+More" class="Z3988"> (large file)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Wingfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Richard Wingfield">Sir Richard Wingfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> 1525–1529 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Fitzwilliam,_1st_Earl_of_Southampton" class="mw-redirect" title="William Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton">Sir William Fitzwilliam</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nevill" title="Thomas Nevill">Sir Thomas Neville</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the House of Commons of England">Speaker of the House of Commons</a> 1523 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley,_1st_Baron_Audley_of_Walden" title="Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden">Sir Thomas Audley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> 1529–1532 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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title="Template:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_philosophy_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_philosophy_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic philosophy footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_philosophy436" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Catholic philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Ethics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Divine command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_price" title="Just price">Just price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory#Catholic_doctrine" title="Just war theory">Just war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_probabilism" title="Catholic probabilism">Probabilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law#Catholic_natural_law_jurisprudence" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_personalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic personalism">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_virtues" title="Seven virtues">Seven virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Option_for_the_poor" title="Option for the poor">Option for the poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_mortgage" title="Social mortgage">Social mortgage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">Theological virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtue_ethics" title="Virtue ethics">Virtue ethics</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/70px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/105px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg/140px-Gentile_da_Fabriano_052.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="963" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/70px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/105px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg/140px-JohnDunsScotus_-_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="479" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/70px-William_of_Ockham.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/105px-William_of_Ockham.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/William_of_Ockham.png/140px-William_of_Ockham.png 2x" data-file-width="271" data-file-height="361" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotism" title="Scotism">Scotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occamism" title="Occamism">Occamism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_philosophy" title="Modern philosophy">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Thomism" title="Analytical Thomism">Analytical Thomism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_universals" title="Problem of universals">Universals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Platonic realism">Augustinian realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominalism" title="Nominalism">Nominalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptualism" title="Conceptualism">Conceptualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_realism" title="Moderate realism">Moderate realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotistic_realism" title="Scotistic realism">Scotistic realism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellectualism" title="Intellectualism">Theological intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntarism_(philosophy)" title="Voluntarism (philosophy)">Theological voluntarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundationalism" title="Foundationalism">Foundationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortimer_J._Adler" title="Mortimer J. Adler">Adler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe" title="G. E. M. Anscombe">Anscombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">Eriugena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Gassendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Malebranche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Malebranche">Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Montaigne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Occam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Pico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Ratzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Scheler" title="Max Scheler">Scheler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Wojtyła</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actus_essendi" title="Actus essendi">Actus Essendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actus_primus" title="Actus primus">Actus primus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actus_purus" title="Actus purus">Actus purus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aevum" title="Aevum">Aevum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_virtues" title="Cardinal virtues">Cardinal virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_dualism" title="Mind–body dualism">Cartesian dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum" title="Cogito, ergo sum">Cogito, ergo sum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehellenization_of_Christianity" title="Dehellenization of Christianity">Dehellenization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentia" title="Differentia">Differentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputation" title="Disputation">Disputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_illumination" title="Divine illumination">Divine illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_truth" title="Double truth">Double truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_demon" title="Evil demon">Evil demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_distinction" title="Formal distinction">Formal distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haecceity" title="Haecceity">Haecceity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_many_angels_can_dance_on_the_head_of_a_pin%3F" title="How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?">Head of a pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_unius_libri" title="Homo unius libri">Homo unius libri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infused_righteousness" title="Infused righteousness">Infused righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori#In_Europe_from_the_Medieval_era_to_the_Victorian_era" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occam%27s_razor" title="Occam's razor">Occam's razor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontological_argument" title="Ontological argument">Ontological argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal%27s_wager" title="Pascal's wager">Pascal's wager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripatetic_axiom" title="Peripatetic axiom">Peripatetic axiom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principle_of_double_effect" title="Principle of double effect">Principle of double effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiddity" title="Quiddity">Quiddity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ways_(Aquinas)" title="Five Ways (Aquinas)">Quinque viae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota_Fortunae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rota Fortunae">Rota Fortunae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_deadly_sins" title="Seven deadly sins">Seven deadly sins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodicy" title="Theodicy">Theodicy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustinian_theodicy" title="Augustinian theodicy">Augustinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaean_theodicy" title="Irenaean theodicy">Irenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trademark_argument" title="Trademark argument">Trademark argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univocity_of_being" title="Univocity of being">Univocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Catholic theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Islamic philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctor of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/17px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/26px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/34px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/10px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/15px-Socrates.png 1.5x, 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plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church1047" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a> Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominguito_del_Val" title="Dominguito del Val">Dominguito del Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Martyrs of Compiègne">Martyrs of Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_venerated_couples" title="List of venerated couples">Venerated couples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/17px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/26px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/34px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/20px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/26px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/34px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Catholic_Church891" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Template talk:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Catholic Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Catholic_Church891" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Category:History of the Catholic Church by country">By country or region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">Papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Catholic ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Roman_Curia" title="History of the Roman Curia">History of the Roman Curia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">Religious institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Christian monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Catholic culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a> (30–325/476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins of Christianity">Origins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a> (30–100)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_of_Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Split of Christianity and Judaism">Split with Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">General epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ante-Nicene_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a> (100–325)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Pope Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a> (313–476)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Great_Church(180–451)Romanstate_church(380–451)108" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a> (180–451) <a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">Roman state church</a> (380–451)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arian_controversy" title="Arian controversy">Arian controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Pope Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople" title="First Council of Constantinople">First Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Nursia" title="Benedict of Nursia">Benedict of Nursia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Second Council of Constantinople">Second Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_Constantinople" title="Third Council of Constantinople">Third Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Saint Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Byzantine Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">Second Council of Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Pope Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic_Church)" title="Fourth Council of Constantinople (Catholic Church)">Fourth Council of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_clash_between_the_Church_and_the_Empire" title="The clash between the Church and the Empire">Clash against the empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="First Council of the Lateran">First Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Second Council of the Lateran">Second Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Third Council of the Lateran">Third Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Pope Innocent III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran" title="Fourth Council of the Lateran">Fourth Council of the Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Lyon" title="First Council of Lyon">First Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyon" title="Second Council of Lyon">Second Council of Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII" title="Pope Boniface VIII">Pope Boniface VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Western Schism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Vienne" title="Council of Vienne">Council of Vienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exsurge_Domine" title="Exsurge Domine">Exsurge Domine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Neri" title="Philip Neri">Philip Neri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XI" title="Pope Innocent XI">Pope Innocent XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XIV" title="Pope Benedict XIV">Pope Benedict XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Society of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes" title="Edict of Nantes">Edict of Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VII" title="Pope Pius VII">Pope Pius VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church and politics in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" title="Our Lady of La Salette">Our Lady of La Salette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Our Lady of Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Divine_Heart" title="Mary of the Divine Heart">Mary of the Divine Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Consecration_to_the_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart">Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_20th_century" title="Catholic Church in the 20th century">20th century</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecutions_of_the_Catholic_Church_and_Pius_XII" title="Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII">Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_1942_consecration_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mit_brennender_Sorge" title="Mit brennender Sorge">Mit brennender Sorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacem_in_terris" title="Pacem in terris">Pacem in terris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Pope_Paul_VI" title="Coronation of Pope Paul VI">coronation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I" title="Pope John Paul I">Pope John Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_HIV/AIDS" title="Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_1995" title="World Youth Day 1995">1995</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2000" title="World Youth Day 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2002" title="World Youth Day 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2005" title="World Youth Day 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2011" title="World Youth Day 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2013" title="World Youth Day 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2016" title="World Youth Day 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2019" title="World Youth Day 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2023" title="World Youth Day 2023">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Declaration_of_Pope_Francis_and_Patriarch_Kirill" title="Joint Declaration of Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill">Patriarch Kirill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Vatican_City" title="Portal:Vatican City">Vatican City portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/17px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/26px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/34px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Catholic_theology809" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Template:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Template talk:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Catholic_theology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Catholic theology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Catholic_theology809" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_dogmatic_theology" title="Catholic dogmatic theology">History of Catholic theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Key figures</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History of the Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of Christian theology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">First Epistle of Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shepherd_of_Hermas" title="The Shepherd of Hermas">The Shepherd of Hermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristides_of_Athens" title="Aristides of Athens">Aristides of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Martyr" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Diognetus" title="Epistle to Diognetus">Epistle to Diognetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montanism" title="Montanism">Montanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novatian" title="Novatian">Antipope Novatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagianism" title="Pelagianism">Pelagianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassian" title="John Cassian">John Cassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Pope Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boethius" title="Boethius">Boethius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite">Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Climacus" title="John Climacus">John Climacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecthesis" title="Ecthesis">Ecthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transubstantiation" title="Transubstantiation">Transubstantiation dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">Predestination disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_II_of_Aquileia" title="Paulinus II of Aquileia">Paulinus II of Aquileia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Aniane" title="Benedict of Aniane">Benedict of Aniane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius Radbertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">John Scotus Eriugena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roscellinus" title="Roscellinus">Roscellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengar_of_Tours" title="Berengar of Tours">Berengar of Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_of_Fiore" title="Joachim of Fiore">Joachim of Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani" title="Decretum Gratiani">Decretum Gratiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lombard" title="Peter Lombard">Peter Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Laon" title="Anselm of Laon">Anselm of Laon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saint_Victor" title="Hugh of Saint Victor">Hugh of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grosseteste" title="Robert Grosseteste">Robert Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Nazareth" title="Beatrice of Nazareth">Beatrice of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boetius_of_Dacia" title="Boetius of Dacia">Boetius of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Ghent" title="Henry of Ghent">Henry of Ghent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siger_of_Brabant" title="Siger of Brabant">Siger of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a> and reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">William of Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rolle" title="Richard Rolle">Richard Rolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_van_Ruysbroeck" class="mw-redirect" title="John van Ruysbroeck">John of Ruusbroec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meister_Eckhart" title="Meister Eckhart">Meister Eckhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tauler" title="Johannes Tauler">Johannes Tauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hilton" title="Walter Hilton">Walter Hilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cloud_of_Unknowing" title="The Cloud of Unknowing">The Cloud of Unknowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Suso" title="Henry Suso">Heinrich Seuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geert_Groote" title="Geert Groote">Geert Groote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devotio_Moderna" title="Devotio Moderna">Devotio Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_%C3%A0_Kempis" title="Thomas à Kempis">Thomas à Kempis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Cusa" title="Nicholas of Cusa">Nicholas of Cusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Marsilio Ficino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola" title="Girolamo Savonarola">Girolamo Savonarola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cajetan" title="Thomas Cajetan">Thomas Cajetan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Eck" title="Johann Eck">Johann Eck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Vitoria" title="Francisco de Vitoria">Francisco de Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Villanova" title="Thomas of Villanova">Thomas of Villanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola">Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Osuna" title="Francisco de Osuna">Francisco de Osuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Luis de León">Luis de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Molina" title="Luis de Molina">Luis de Molina</a> (<a href="/wiki/Molinism" title="Molinism">Molinism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Francisco Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque period</a> to <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_B%C3%A9rulle" title="Pierre de Bérulle">Pierre de Bérulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Pierre Gassendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Jesus_of_%C3%81greda" title="Mary of Jesus of Ágreda">Mary of Jesus of Ágreda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Vieira" title="António Vieira">António Vieira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Olier" title="Jean-Jacques Olier">Jean-Jacques Olier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomassin" title="Louis Thomassin">Louis Thomassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">François Fénelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Jansen" title="Cornelius Jansen">Cornelius Jansen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jansenism" title="Jansenism">Jansenism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Nicolas Malebranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Giambattista Vico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Montfort" title="Louis de Montfort">Louis de Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Gaetana_Agnesi" title="Maria Gaetana Agnesi">Maria Gaetana Agnesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Muzzarelli" title="Alfonso Muzzarelli">Alfonso Muzzarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Sailer" title="Johann Michael Sailer">Johann Michael Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Mary_Hofbauer" title="Clement Mary Hofbauer">Clement Mary Hofbauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Lanteri" title="Bruno Lanteri">Bruno Lanteri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G%C3%B6rres" title="Joseph Görres">Joseph Görres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">Félicité de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Taparelli" title="Luigi Taparelli">Luigi Taparelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosmini" title="Antonio Rosmini">Antonio Rosmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_D%C3%B6llinger" title="Ignaz von Döllinger">Ignaz von Döllinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Henri_Lacordaire" title="Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire">Henri Lacordaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Balmes" title="Jaime Balmes">Jaime Balmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Sanseverino" title="Gaetano Sanseverino">Gaetano Sanseverino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Cornoldi" title="Giovanni Maria Cornoldi">Giovanni Maria Cornoldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Emmanuel_von_Ketteler" title="Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler">Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pecci" title="Giuseppe Pecci">Giuseppe Pecci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hergenr%C3%B6ther" title="Joseph Hergenröther">Joseph Hergenröther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Maria_Zigliara" title="Tommaso Maria Zigliara">Tommaso Maria Zigliara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Joseph_Scheeben" title="Matthias Joseph Scheeben">Matthias Joseph Scheeben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Boutroux" title="Émile Boutroux">Émile Boutroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Modernism in the Catholic Church">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-scholasticism" title="Neo-scholasticism">Neo-scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Léon Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9-Joseph_Mercier" title="Désiré-Joseph Mercier">Désiré-Joseph Mercier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_H%C3%BCgel" title="Friedrich von Hügel">Friedrich von Hügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)" title="Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)">Vladimir Solovyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Joseph_Lagrange" title="Marie-Joseph Lagrange">Marie-Joseph Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tyrrell" title="George Tyrrell">George Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blondel" title="Maurice Blondel">Maurice Blondel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ginald_Garrigou-Lagrange" title="Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange">Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Joseph Maréchal">Joseph Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin" title="Pierre Teilhard de Chardin">Pierre Teilhard de Chardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Jacques Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Étienne Gilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Knox" title="Ronald Knox">Ronald Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bernanos" title="Georges Bernanos">Georges Bernanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Hildebrand" title="Dietrich von Hildebrand">Dietrich von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Dominique_Chenu" title="Marie-Dominique Chenu">Marie-Dominique Chenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Guardini" title="Romano Guardini">Romano Guardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Lubac" title="Henri de Lubac">Henri de Lubac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Daniel-Rops" title="Henri Daniel-Rops">Henri Daniel-Rops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Guitton" title="Jean Guitton">Jean Guitton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josemar%C3%ADa_Escriv%C3%A1" title="Josemaría Escrivá">Josemaría Escrivá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_th%C3%A9ologie" title="Nouvelle théologie">Nouvelle théologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rahner" title="Karl Rahner">Karl Rahner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Congar" title="Yves Congar">Yves Congar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lonergan" title="Bernard Lonergan">Bernard Lonergan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounier" title="Emmanuel Mounier">Emmanuel Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Jean Daniélou">Jean Daniélou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Urs_von_Balthasar" title="Hans Urs von Balthasar">Hans Urs von Balthasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Marcel Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Copleston" title="Frederick Copleston">Frederick Copleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Delp" title="Alfred Delp">Alfred Delp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Schillebeeckx" title="Edward Schillebeeckx">Edward Schillebeeckx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Merton" title="Thomas Merton">Thomas Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard" title="René Girard">René Girard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%BCng" title="Hans Küng">Hans Küng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Metz" title="Johann Baptist Metz">Johann Baptist Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Vanier" title="Jean Vanier">Jean Vanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Nouwen" title="Henri Nouwen">Henri Nouwen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_von_Hildebrand" title="Alice von Hildebrand">Alice von Hildebrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Martini" title="Carlo Maria Martini">Carlo Maria Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Gustavo Gutiérrez">Gustavo Gutiérrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">Alasdair MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kasper" title="Walter Kasper">Walter Kasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raniero_Cantalamessa" title="Raniero Cantalamessa">Raniero Cantalamessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Heller" title="Michał Heller">Michał Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Peter Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Marion" title="Jean-Luc Marion">Jean-Luc Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Hal%C3%ADk" title="Tomáš Halík">Tomáš Halík</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Hahn" title="Scott Hahn">Scott Hahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/17px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/26px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/34px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a 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title="Elite">Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation" title="Emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">Hegemony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_legitimacy" title="Political legitimacy">Legitimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obedience_(human_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience (human behavior)">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace" title="Peace">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People" title="People">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_philosophy)" title="Pluralism (political philosophy)">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regime" title="Regime">Regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruling_class" title="Ruling class">Ruling class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">Dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellum_omnium_contra_omnes" title="Bellum omnium contra omnes">Bellum omnium contra omnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_politic" title="Body politic">Body politic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clash_of_Civilizations" title="Clash of Civilizations">Clash of civilizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">Common good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">Divine right of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_as_a_model_for_the_state" title="Family as a model for the state">Family as a model for the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence" title="Monopoly on violence">Monopoly on violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Night-watchman state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_lie" title="Noble lie">Noble lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_position" title="Original position">Original position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overton_window" title="Overton window">Overton window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract" title="Social contract">Social contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_nature" title="State of nature">State of nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statolatry" title="Statolatry">Statolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority" title="Tyranny of the majority">Tyranny of the majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_philosophers" title="List of political philosophers">Philosophers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Antiquity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Fei" title="Han Fei">Han Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_political_philosophy" title="Plato's political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_Yang" title="Shang Yang">Shang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">al-Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsilius_of_Padua" title="Marsilius of Padua">Marsilius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_Ockham" title="William of Ockham">Ockham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Anshi" title="Wang Anshi">Wang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie" title="Étienne de La Boétie">Boétie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin">Bodin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-B%C3%A9nigne_Bossuet" title="Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet">Bossuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Filmer" title="Robert Filmer">Filmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobbes%27s_moral_and_political_philosophy" title="Hobbes's moral and political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Francisco Suárez">Suárez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat" title="Frédéric Bastiat">Bastiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_St_John,_1st_Viscount_Bolingbroke" title="Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke">Bolingbroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant" title="Benjamin Constant">Constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Donoso_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Juan Donoso Cortés">Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_von_Haller" title="Karl Ludwig von Haller">Haller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Iqbal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal%27s_political_philosophy" title="Muhammad Iqbal's political philosophy">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy_of_Immanuel_Kant" title="Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant">political philosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Dworkin" title="Ronald Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Fukuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Huntington" title="Samuel P. Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Laclau" title="Ernesto Laclau">Laclau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Michels" title="Robert Michels">Michels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Mosca" title="Gaetano Mosca">Mosca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantal_Mouffe" title="Chantal Mouffe">Mouffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Spann" title="Othmar Spann">Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_(Plato)" title="Republic (Plato)">Republic</a> (c. 375 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_(Aristotle)" title="Politics (Aristotle)">Politics</a> (c. 350 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_re_publica" title="De re publica">De re publica</a> (51 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Law" title="Treatise on Law">Treatise on Law</a> (c. 1274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a> (1313)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prince" title="The Prince">The Prince</a> (1532)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)" title="Leviathan (Hobbes book)">Leviathan</a> (1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Treatises_of_Government" title="Two Treatises of Government">Two Treatises of Government</a> (1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Law" title="The Spirit of Law">The Spirit of Law</a> (1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Contract" title="The Social Contract">The Social Contract</a> (1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_the_Revolution_in_France" title="Reflections on the Revolution in France">Reflections on the Revolution in France</a> (1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_of_Man" title="Rights of Man">Rights of Man</a> (1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_the_Philosophy_of_Right" title="Elements of the Philosophy of Right">Elements of the Philosophy of Right</a> (1820)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Liberty" title="On Liberty">On Liberty</a> (1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Masses" title="The Revolt of the Masses">The Revolt of the Masses</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Serfdom" title="The Road to Serfdom">The Road to Serfdom</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Society_and_Its_Enemies" title="The Open Society and Its Enemies">The Open Society and Its Enemies</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Origins_of_Totalitarianism" title="The Origins of Totalitarianism">The Origins of Totalitarianism</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Theory_of_Justice" title="A Theory of Justice">A Theory of Justice</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_History_and_the_Last_Man" title="The End of History and the Last Man">The End of History and the Last Man</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism and individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_theories" title="Conflict theories">Conflict theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contractualism" title="Contractualism">Contractualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_theory" title="Elite theory">Elite theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_political_thought" title="History of political thought">History of political thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justification_for_the_state" title="Justification for the state">Justification for the state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(politics)" title="Machiavellianism (politics)">Machiavellianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ethics" title="Political ethics">Political ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_theology" title="Political theology">Political theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_violence" title="Political violence">Political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_social_and_political_philosophy_articles" title="Index of social and political philosophy articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_philosophy" title="Category:Political philosophy">Category:Political philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_(list)385" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons" title="Template:Speaker of the British House of Commons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons" title="Template talk:Speaker of the British House of Commons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Speaker of the British House of Commons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_(list)385" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speakers of the House of Commons</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of speakers of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons of England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Shareshull" title="William de Shareshull">de Shareshull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_la_Mare" title="Peter de la Mare">De la Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hungerford_(speaker)" title="Thomas Hungerford (speaker)">Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_la_Mare" title="Peter de la Mare">De la Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pickering" title="James Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Guildesborough" title="John Guildesborough">Guildesborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Waldegrave_(politician)" title="Richard Waldegrave (politician)">Waldegrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pickering" title="James Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bussy" title="John Bussy">Bussy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cheyne_(speaker)" title="John Cheyne (speaker)">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doreward" title="John Doreward">Doreward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Savage" title="Arnold Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Redford" title="Henry Redford">Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Savage" title="Arnold Savage">Savage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Esturmy" title="William Esturmy">Esturmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tiptoft,_1st_Baron_Tiptoft" title="John Tiptoft, 1st Baron Tiptoft">Tiptoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chaucer" title="Thomas Chaucer">Chaucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stourton_(speaker)" title="William Stourton (speaker)">Stourton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Doreward" title="John Doreward">Doreward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hungerford,_1st_Baron_Hungerford" title="Walter Hungerford, 1st Baron Hungerford">Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chaucer" title="Thomas Chaucer">Chaucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Redman_(speaker)" title="Richard Redman (speaker)">Redman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Beauchamp" title="Walter Beauchamp">Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Flower" title="Roger Flower">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Hunt_(speaker)" title="Roger Hunt (speaker)">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chaucer" title="Thomas Chaucer">Chaucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baynard" title="Richard Baynard">Baynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Flower" title="Roger Flower">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(speaker)" title="John Russell (speaker)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Walton" title="Thomas Walton">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vernon_(speaker)" title="Richard Vernon (speaker)">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(died_1437)" title="John Tyrrell (died 1437)">Tyrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alington_(speaker)" title="William Alington (speaker)">Alington I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(died_1437)" title="John Tyrrell (died 1437)">Tyrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(speaker)" title="John Russell (speaker)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Hunt_(speaker)" title="Roger Hunt (speaker)">Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bowes_(speaker)" title="John Bowes (speaker)">Bowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(died_1437)" title="John Tyrrell (died 1437)">Tyrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burley_(politician)" title="William Burley (politician)">Burley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tresham" title="William Tresham">W. Tresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burley_(politician)" title="William Burley (politician)">Burley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tresham" title="William Tresham">W. Tresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Say" title="John Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Popham_(military_commander)" title="John Popham (military commander)">Popham I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tresham" title="William Tresham">W. Tresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Oldhall" title="William Oldhall">Oldhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Thorpe_(speaker)" title="Thomas Thorpe (speaker)">Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Charlton_(speaker)" title="Thomas Charlton (speaker)">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wenlock,_1st_Baron_Wenlock" title="John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock">Wenlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tresham_(speaker)" title="Thomas Tresham (speaker)">T. Tresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Green_(speaker)" title="John Green (speaker)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Strangeways" title="James Strangeways">Strangeways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Say" title="John Say">Say</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alington_(speaker,_died_1479)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Alington (speaker, died 1479)">Alington II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(speaker)" title="John Wood (speaker)">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Catesby" title="William Catesby">Catesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lovell" title="Thomas Lovell">Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mordaunt_(speaker)" title="John Mordaunt (speaker)">Mordaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzwilliam" title="Thomas Fitzwilliam">Fitzwilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Empson" title="Richard Empson">Empson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drury_(speaker)" title="Robert Drury (speaker)">Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Englefield" title="Thomas Englefield">Englefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Dudley" title="Edmund Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Englefield" title="Thomas Englefield">Englefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sheffield" title="Robert Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nevill" title="Thomas Nevill">Nevill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley,_1st_Baron_Audley_of_Walden" title="Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden">Audley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Wingfield" title="Humphrey Wingfield">Wingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rich,_1st_Baron_Rich" title="Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich">Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hare" title="Nicholas Hare">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Moyle" title="Thomas Moyle">Moyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(died_1558)" title="John Baker (died 1558)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dyer" title="James Dyer">Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pollard_(speaker)" title="John Pollard (speaker)">Pollard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Broke" title="Robert Broke">Broke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Higham" title="Clement Higham">Higham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cordell" title="William Cordell">Cordell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gargrave" title="Thomas Gargrave">Gargrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Williams_(speaker)" title="Thomas Williams (speaker)">T. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow_(Solicitor_General)" title="Richard Onslow (Solicitor General)">Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wray_(English_judge)" title="Christopher Wray (English judge)">Wray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bell_(speaker)" title="Robert Bell (speaker)">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Popham_(judge)" title="John Popham (judge)">Popham II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Puckering" title="John Puckering">Puckering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Snagge" title="Thomas Snagge">Snagge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Coke" title="Edward Coke">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Yelverton" title="Christopher Yelverton">Yelverton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Croke" title="John Croke">Croke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Phelips_(speaker)" title="Edward Phelips (speaker)">Phelips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Crewe" title="Ranulph Crewe">R. Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Richardson_(judge)" title="Thomas Richardson (judge)">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crewe" title="Thomas Crewe">T. Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heneage_Finch_(speaker)" title="Heneage Finch (speaker)">H. Finch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finch,_1st_Baron_Finch" title="John Finch, 1st Baron Finch">J. Finch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glanville" title="John Glanville">Glanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">Lenthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Pelham_(speaker)" title="Henry Pelham (speaker)">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">Lenthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rous" title="Francis Rous">Rous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barebone%27s_Parliament" title="Barebone's Parliament">Barebones Parliament</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">Lenthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Widdrington" title="Thomas Widdrington">Widdrington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Second Protectorate Parliament">2nd Protectorate Parliament</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaloner_Chute" title="Chaloner Chute">Chute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lislebone_Long" title="Lislebone Long">Long</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bampfield" title="Thomas Bampfield">Bampfield</a> (<a href="/wiki/Third_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Third Protectorate Parliament">3rd Protectorate Parliament</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">Lenthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Harbottle_Grimston,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet">Grimston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Turnour_(speaker)" title="Edward Turnour (speaker)">Turnour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Job_Charlton,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Job Charlton, 1st Baronet">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Seymour,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Seymour, 4th Baronet">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sawyer_(Attorney_General)" title="Robert Sawyer (Attorney General)">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Seymour,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Seymour, 4th Baronet">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gregory_(1625%E2%80%931696)" title="William Gregory (1625–1696)">Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Williams,_1st_Baronet,_of_Gray%27s_Inn" title="Sir William Williams, 1st Baronet, of Gray's Inn">W. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Trevor_(speaker)" title="John Trevor (speaker)">Trevor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Powle" title="Henry Powle">Powle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Trevor_(speaker)" title="John Trevor (speaker)">Trevor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Foley_(ironmaster)" title="Paul Foley (ironmaster)">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Littleton,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Littleton, 3rd Baronet">Littleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Harley,_1st_Earl_of_Oxford_and_Earl_Mortimer" title="Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer">Harley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_lesser_arms).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="His Majesty's Government coat of arms"><img alt="His Majesty's Government coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="1366" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Great_Britain" title="House of Commons of Great Britain">House of Commons of Great Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="18th_century12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer)" title="John Smith (Chancellor of the Exchequer)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow,_1st_Baron_Onslow" title="Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow">R. Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bromley_(Speaker)" title="William Bromley (Speaker)">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Hanmer,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Hanmer, 4th Baronet">Hanmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_1st_Earl_of_Wilmington" title="Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington">Compton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Onslow" title="Arthur Onslow">A. Onslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Cust,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Cust, 3rd Baronet">Cust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Norton,_1st_Baron_Grantley" title="Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wolfran_Cornwall" title="Charles Wolfran Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Addington" title="Henry Addington">Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Freeman-Mitford,_1st_Baron_Redesdale" title="John Freeman-Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale">Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbot,_1st_Baron_Colchester" title="Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester">Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners-Sutton,_1st_Viscount_Canterbury" title="Charles Manners-Sutton, 1st Viscount Canterbury">Manners-Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Abercromby,_1st_Baron_Dunfermline" title="James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline">Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Shaw-Lefevre,_1st_Viscount_Eversley" title="Charles Shaw-Lefevre, 1st Viscount Eversley">Shaw-Lefevre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Denison,_1st_Viscount_Ossington" title="Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington">Denison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brand,_1st_Viscount_Hampden" title="Henry Brand, 1st Viscount Hampden">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Peel,_1st_Viscount_Peel" title="Arthur Peel, 1st Viscount Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Court_Gully,_1st_Viscount_Selby" title="William Court Gully, 1st Viscount Selby">Gully</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Lowther,_1st_Viscount_Ullswater" title="James Lowther, 1st Viscount Ullswater">Lowther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Whitley" title="John Henry Whitley">Whitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_FitzRoy" title="Edward FitzRoy">FitzRoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Clifton_Brown,_1st_Viscount_Ruffside" title="Douglas Clifton Brown, 1st Viscount Ruffside">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morrison,_1st_Viscount_Dunrossil" title="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hylton-Foster" title="Harry Hylton-Foster">Hylton-Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_King,_Baron_Maybray-King" title="Horace King, Baron Maybray-King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Lloyd" title="Selwyn Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thomas,_1st_Viscount_Tonypandy" title="George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Weatherill" title="Bernard Weatherill">Weatherill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Boothroyd" title="Betty Boothroyd">Boothroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin,_Baron_Martin_of_Springburn" title="Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin,_Baron_Martin_of_Springburn" title="Michael Martin, Baron Martin of Springburn">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bercow" title="John Bercow">Bercow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hoyle" title="Lindsay Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English_lord_chancellors_under_the_House_of_Tudor_(1485–1603)416" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Tudor_lord_chancellors" title="Template:House of Tudor lord chancellors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:House_of_Tudor_lord_chancellors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:House of Tudor lord chancellors (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Tudor_lord_chancellors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Tudor lord chancellors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English_lord_chancellors_under_the_House_of_Tudor_(1485–1603)416" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord chancellor">lord chancellors</a> under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">House of Tudor</a> (1485–1603)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> (1485–1509)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rotherham" title="Thomas Rotherham">Thomas Rotherham</a> (1485)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alcock_(bishop)" title="John Alcock (bishop)">John Alcock</a> (1485–1486)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(cardinal)" title="John Morton (cardinal)">John Morton</a> (1486–1500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Deane_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Henry Deane (archbishop of Canterbury)">Henry Deane</a> (1500–1502)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a> (1502–1509)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> (1509–1547)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a> (1509–1515)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a> (1515–1529)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas More</a> (1529–1532)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Audley,_1st_Baron_Audley_of_Walden" title="Thomas Audley, 1st Baron Audley of Walden">1st Baron Audley of Walden</a> (1532–1544)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wriothesley,_1st_Earl_of_Southampton" title="Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton">1st Earl of Southampton</a> (1544–1547)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a> (1547–1553)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Paulet,_1st_Marquess_of_Winchester" title="William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester">1st Marquess of Winchester</a> (1547)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rich,_1st_Baron_Rich" title="Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich">1st Baron Rich</a> (1547–1551)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Goodrich" title="Thomas Goodrich">Thomas Goodrich</a> (1552–1553)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a> (July 1553)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Goodrich" title="Thomas Goodrich">Thomas Goodrich</a> (July 1553)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a> (July 1553–1558)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gardiner" title="Stephen Gardiner">Stephen Gardiner</a> (1553–1555)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Heath" title="Nicholas Heath">Nicholas Heath</a> (1555–1558)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> (1558–1603)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bacon_(Lord_Keeper)" title="Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper)">Nicholas Bacon</a> (1558–1579)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bromley" title="Thomas Bromley">Thomas Bromley</a> (1579–1587)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hatton" title="Christopher Hatton">Christopher Hatton</a> (1587–1591)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">1st Baron Burghley</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_Carey,_1st_Baron_Hunsdon" title="Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon">1st Baron Hunsdon</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Brooke,_10th_Baron_Cobham" title="William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham">10th Baron Cobham</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sackville,_1st_Earl_of_Dorset" title="Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset">1st Earl of Dorset</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Gerard_(judge)" title="Gilbert Gerard (judge)">Gilbert Gerard</a> (1591–1592)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Puckering" title="John Puckering">John Puckering</a> (1592–1596)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Egerton,_1st_Viscount_Brackley" title="Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley">1st Viscount Brackley</a> (1596–1603)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicate service when the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Realm" title="Great Seal of the Realm">Greal Seal</a> was held in Commission</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42544#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5595" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42544#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata5595" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42544#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000031820467">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/29541174">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1801298/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxxhrHHhj96yC6ddpk7HC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118641158">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79056176">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11926532q">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11926532q">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00450481">Japan</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118641158.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118641158">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027161625">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/018734">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zk61kp">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/25852">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/161456">RISM</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&oldid=1281447640">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_More&oldid=1281447640</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lord_chancellors" title="Category:Lord chancellors">Lord chancellors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thomas_More" title="Category:Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1478_births" title="Category:1478 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</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-667f57665-n6gzr","wgBackendResponseTime":394,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.904","walltime":"4.497","ppvisitednodes":{"value":40932,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":946765,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":188023,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":23,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":879251,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3660.807 1 -total"," 31.10% 1138.432 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.54% 678.626 114 Template:Cite_book"," 16.42% 600.944 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 8.42% 308.083 45 Template:Rp"," 7.68% 280.984 45 Template:R/superscript"," 5.75% 210.608 2 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