CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Special pages - Citizendium</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3df7bcee36c50e2540a4de5b","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"Special","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":"Specialpages","wgNamespaceNumber":-1,"wgPageName":"Special:SpecialPages","wgTitle":"SpecialPages","wgCurRevisionId":0,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":0,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Special:SpecialPages","wgRelevantArticleId":0,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgPageFormsTargetName":null,"wgPageFormsAutocompleteValues":[],"wgPageFormsAutocompleteOnAllChars":false, "wgPageFormsFieldProperties":[],"wgPageFormsCargoFields":[],"wgPageFormsDependentFields":[],"wgPageFormsCalendarValues":[],"wgPageFormsCalendarParams":[],"wgPageFormsCalendarHTML":null,"wgPageFormsGridValues":[],"wgPageFormsGridParams":[],"wgPageFormsContLangYes":null,"wgPageFormsContLangNo":null,"wgPageFormsContLangMonths":[],"wgPageFormsHeightForMinimizingInstances":800,"wgPageFormsShowOnSelect":[],"wgPageFormsScriptPath":"/wiki/extensions/PageForms","edgValues":null,"wgPageFormsEDSettings":null,"wgAmericanDates":false,"wgVector2022PreviewPages":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":4};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.special":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.popups"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=mediawiki.helplink%2Cspecial%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.39.5"/> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1000"/> <link rel="icon" href="/images/favicon1.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/wiki/opensearch_desc.php" title="Citizendium"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Citizendium Atom feed" href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-W7ML9SNPXT"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-W7ML9SNPXT'); </script> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns--1 ns-special mw-special-Specialpages page-Special_SpecialPages rootpage-Special_SpecialPages skin-vector action-view skin-vector-legacy vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-language-alert-in-sidebar-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-edit-disabled vector-feature-table-of-contents-disabled vector-feature-visual-enhancement-next-disabled"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Special_pages" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink">Help</a></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Special pages</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-specialpage-summary"> <table width="80%" align="center" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom:1px solid #999999; border-top:1px solid #dddddd; border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right:1px solid #dddddd; margin:0 auto; clear: both;" class="collapsible {{{hide}}}"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="3" style="background:#dddddd"><i>Citizendium</i> <a href="/wiki/CZ:Technical_Help" title="CZ:Technical Help">Technical Help</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f5f5f5" align="center" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/CZ:How_to_edit_an_article" title="CZ:How to edit an article">How to edit an article</a> | <a href="/wiki/CZ:Searching" title="CZ:Searching">Searching</a> | <a href="/wiki/CZ:Start_article_with_subpages" title="CZ:Start article with subpages">Start article with subpages</a><br /><a href="/wiki/CZ:The_Article_Checklist" title="CZ:The Article Checklist">The Article Checklist</a> | <a href="/wiki/CZ:Using_the_Subpages_template" class="mw-redirect" title="CZ:Using the Subpages template">Subpage template</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>|width=10% align=center style="background:#F5F5F5"|  |} </p> </div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-maintenance"><span class="mw-headline" id="Maintenance_reports">Maintenance reports</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:BrokenRedirects" title="Special:BrokenRedirects">Broken redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DeadendPages" title="Special:DeadendPages">Dead-end pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DoubleRedirects" title="Special:DoubleRedirects">Double redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LongPages" title="Special:LongPages">Long pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AncientPages" title="Special:AncientPages">Oldest pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LonelyPages" title="Special:LonelyPages">Orphaned pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FewestRevisions" title="Special:FewestRevisions">Pages with the fewest revisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WithoutInterwiki" title="Special:WithoutInterwiki">Pages without language links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProtectedPages" title="Special:ProtectedPages">Protected pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProtectedTitles" title="Special:ProtectedTitles">Protected titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ShortPages" title="Special:ShortPages">Short pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedCategories" title="Special:UncategorizedCategories">Uncategorized categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedFiles" title="Special:UncategorizedFiles">Uncategorized files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedPages" title="Special:UncategorizedPages">Uncategorized pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedTemplates" title="Special:UncategorizedTemplates">Uncategorized templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedCategories" title="Special:UnusedCategories">Unused categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedFiles" title="Special:UnusedFiles">Unused files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedTemplates" title="Special:UnusedTemplates">Unused templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedCategories" title="Special:WantedCategories">Wanted categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedFiles" title="Special:WantedFiles">Wanted files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedPages" title="Special:WantedPages">Wanted pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedTemplates" title="Special:WantedTemplates">Wanted templates</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-pages"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lists_of_pages">Lists of pages</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages" title="Special:AllPages">All pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex" title="Special:PrefixIndex">All pages with prefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CategoryTree" title="Special:CategoryTree">Category tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LinkSearch" title="Special:LinkSearch">External links search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListRedirects" title="Special:ListRedirects">List of redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PagesWithProp" title="Special:PagesWithProp">Pages with a page property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:TrackingCategories" title="Special:TrackingCategories">Tracking categories</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-login"><span id="Login_.2F_create_account"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Login_/_create_account">Login / create account</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">Log in</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-users"><span class="mw-headline" id="Users_and_rights">Users and rights</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:ActiveUsers" title="Special:ActiveUsers">Active users list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AutoblockList" title="Special:AutoblockList">Autoblocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BlockList" title="Special:BlockList">Blocked users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BotPasswords" title="Special:BotPasswords">Bot passwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ChangeCredentials" title="Special:ChangeCredentials">Change credentials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ChangeEmail" title="Special:ChangeEmail">Change or remove email address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListGrants" title="Special:ListGrants">Grants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PasswordPolicies" title="Special:PasswordPolicies">Password policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Special:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RemoveCredentials" title="Special:RemoveCredentials">Remove credentials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PasswordReset" title="Special:PasswordReset">Reset password</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ResetTokens" title="Special:ResetTokens">Reset tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions" title="Special:Contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListGroupRights" title="Special:ListGroupRights">User group rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers" title="Special:ListUsers">User list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserRights" title="Special:UserRights">User rights</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-changes"><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_changes_and_logs">Recent changes and logs</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewFiles" title="Special:NewFiles">Gallery of new files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Log" title="Special:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPages" title="Special:NewPages">New pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Valid change tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Watchlist" title="Special:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-media"><span class="mw-headline" id="Media_reports_and_uploads">Media reports and uploads</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListFiles" title="Special:ListFiles">File list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListDuplicatedFiles" title="Special:ListDuplicatedFiles">List of files with duplicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MIMESearch" title="Special:MIMESearch">MIME search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MediaStatistics" title="Special:MediaStatistics">Media statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FileDuplicateSearch" title="Special:FileDuplicateSearch">Search for duplicate files</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-wiki"><span class="mw-headline" id="Data_and_tools">Data and tools</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:ApiSandbox" title="Special:ApiSandbox">API sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Book sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ExpandTemplates" title="Special:ExpandTemplates">Expand templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GadgetUsage" title="Special:GadgetUsage">Gadget usage statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Gadgets" title="Special:Gadgets">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllMessages" title="Special:AllMessages">System messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Version" title="Special:Version">Version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Interwiki" title="Special:Interwiki">View interwiki data</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-redirects"><span class="mw-headline" id="Redirecting_special_pages">Redirecting special pages</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:DeletePage" title="Special:DeletePage">Delete a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Diff" title="Special:Diff">Differences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage" title="Special:EditPage">Edit a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewSection" title="Special:NewSection">New section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PageHistory" title="Special:PageHistory">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PageInfo" title="Special:PageInfo">Page info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PermanentLink" title="Special:PermanentLink">Permanent link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProtectPage" title="Special:ProtectPage">Protect a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge" title="Special:Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Special:Random">Random page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory" title="Special:RandomInCategory">Random page in category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRedirect" title="Special:RandomRedirect">Random redirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRootpage" title="Special:RandomRootpage">Random root page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Redirect" title="Special:Redirect">Redirect by file, user, page, revision, or log ID</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-highuse"><span class="mw-headline" id="High_use_pages">High use pages</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedCategories" title="Special:MostLinkedCategories">Most linked-to categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedFiles" title="Special:MostLinkedFiles">Most linked-to files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedPages" title="Special:MostLinkedPages">Most linked-to pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostTranscludedPages" title="Special:MostTranscludedPages">Most transcluded pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostCategories" title="Special:MostCategories">Pages with the most categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostInterwikis" title="Special:MostInterwikis">Pages with the most interwikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostRevisions" title="Special:MostRevisions">Pages with the most revisions</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-pagetools"><span class="mw-headline" id="Page_tools">Page tools</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:CiteThisPage" title="Special:CiteThisPage">Cite This Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ComparePages" title="Special:ComparePages">Compare pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Export" title="Special:Export">Export pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere" title="Special:WhatLinksHere">What links here</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-pf_group"><span class="mw-headline" id="Page_Forms">Page Forms</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:CreateCategory" title="Special:CreateCategory">Create a category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CreateForm" title="Special:CreateForm">Create a form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CreateTemplate" title="Special:CreateTemplate">Create a template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Forms" title="Special:Forms">Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RunQuery" title="Special:RunQuery">Run query</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FormStart" title="Special:FormStart">Start of form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Templates" title="Special:Templates">Templates</a></li> </ul></div><h2 class="mw-specialpagesgroup" id="mw-specialpagesgroup-other"><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_special_pages">Other special pages</span></h2> <div class="mw-specialpages-list"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Form" title="Special:Form">Start a new page</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">https://citizendium.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Special%3ASpecialPages" title="To edit pages, [[Special:RequestAccount|get a contributor account]]. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Log in</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Namespaces</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="ca-nstab-special" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="This is a special page, and it cannot be edited"><span>Special page</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" role="navigation" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" /> <label id="p-variants-label" aria-label="Change language variant" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-views emptyPortlet vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Views</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" role="navigation" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" /> <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">More</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <div> <h3 > <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/wiki/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Citizendium" aria-label="Search Citizendium" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Citizendium [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Search the pages for this text" value="Search"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" value="Go To Page"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Citizendium" title="Visit the main page"></a> </div> <nav id="p-Read" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Read vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Read-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Read-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Read</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Citizendium" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Welcome to Citizendium</span></a></li><li id="n-Citable-Articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Category:Citable_versions_of_articles"><span>Citable Articles</span></a></li><li id="n-All-Articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Category:CZ_Live"><span>All Articles</span></a></li><li id="n-Random-Article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/CZ_Live"><span>Random Article</span></a></li><li id="n-All-Recent-Changes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges"><span>All Recent Changes</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-About_Us" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-About_Us vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-About_Us-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-About_Us-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">About Us</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:About"><span>Introduction</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:FAQ"><span>FAQ</span></a></li><li id="n-Policies" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Policies"><span>Policies</span></a></li><li id="n-Governance" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Governance"><span>Governance</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-Contact_Us" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contact_Us vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Contact_Us-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Contact_Us-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Contact Us</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Enquiries" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Enquiry_Form"><span>Enquiries</span></a></li><li id="n-Apply-to-Join" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Index/Join"><span>Apply to Join</span></a></li><li id="n-Personnel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Personnel"><span>Personnel</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-How_To" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-How_To vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-How_To-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-How_To-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">How To</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forum:Home"><span>Forum</span></a></li><li id="n-Start-Article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Start_Article"><span>Start Article</span></a></li><li id="n-Article-Mechanics" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Article_mechanics"><span>Article Mechanics</span></a></li><li id="n-How-to-Edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:How_to_edit_an_article"><span>How to Edit</span></a></li><li id="n-Help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Home"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-More-Help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Index"><span>More Help</span></a></li><li id="n-Quick-Start" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Quick_Start"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li id="n-How-to-collaborate" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:How_to_collaborate"><span>How to collaborate</span></a></li><li id="n-How-to-format-pages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:How_To"><span>How to format pages</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-Finance" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Finance vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-Finance-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-Finance-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Finance</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="n-Financial-Report" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Financial_report"><span>Financial Report</span></a></li><li id="n-Donate" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Donate"><span>Donate</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li></ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/wiki/CZ:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/CZ:About">About Citizendium</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/CZ:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><img src="/wiki/resources/assets/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa.png" alt="Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/wiki/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/wiki/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /wiki/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"/></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":298});});</script> </body> </html>