CINXE.COM
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html;charset=utf-8;"> <title data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title">great | Etymology of great by etymonline</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="theme-color" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" property="og:description" content=""big, tall, thick, stout, massive; coarse," from West Germanic *grauta- "coarse, thick"… See origin and meaning of great."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" content="https://www.etymonline.com/graphics/header.jpg"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <link data-react-helmet="true" rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://www.etymonline.com/opensearch.xml" title="Etymonline Search"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/giehjnnlopapngdjbjjgddpaagoimmgl"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-96x96.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"/><link data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/fontawesome/css/font-awesome.min.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/style.1ca52a5f895b4c08a29e26a206c2dacb.css"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="canonical" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="en" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh" href="https://www.etymonline.com/cn/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="de" href="https://www.etymonline.com/de/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="es" href="https://www.etymonline.com/es/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="fr" href="https://www.etymonline.com/fr/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="it" href="https://www.etymonline.com/it/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="ja" href="https://www.etymonline.com/jp/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="ko" href="https://www.etymonline.com/kr/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="pt" href="https://www.etymonline.com/pt/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="zh-TW" href="https://www.etymonline.com/tw/word/great"/><link data-react-helmet="true" rel="alternate" hrefLang="x-default" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/great"/> <style data-react-helmet="true" type="text/css">@-webkit-keyframes slideDown{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}}@keyframes slideDown{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}}@-webkit-keyframes slideUp{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}}@keyframes slideUp{0%{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%)}100%{-webkit-transform:translateY(0);transform:translateY(0)}}</style> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script><script>window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []};</script> </head> <body> <div id="root"><div data-reactroot=""><div class="container--1mazc"><div class="header header--1Mejf header__vanila--2dqaM header--top header__sticky--1w7Bc"><div class="header__vanila__container--CElq1"><div class="ant-row"><div class="ant-col-sm-17"><div class="inner--7ZeMs" data-role="header-inner"><div class="header__logo--12Lje" data-role="header-logo"><a href="/" title="Etymology"><img class="header__logo__image--2avl2" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/web/logo.png" alt="Etymology"/></a></div><div class="header__searchbar--3yKr5" data-role="header-searchbar"><div class="searchform"><form class="searchbar--3dK8Z searchbar" action="/search"><div role="combobox" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-owns="react-autowhatever-1" aria-expanded="false" class="searchbar__container--2VZd7"><input type="text" value="" autoComplete="off" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="react-autowhatever-1" class="searchbar__input--3L4IY" id="search-bar-text-input" placeholder="Search" name="q" required="" autoCapitalize="off" autoCorrect="off" title="Type a word to search."/><div id="react-autowhatever-1" role="listbox"></div></div><div class="search-clear"><i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i></div><input type="submit" title="Search" value="" class="searchbar__button--3luO1"/></form></div></div></div></div><div class="ant-col-sm-6 ant-col-sm-offset-1"><div class="userInfo--3pEnp"><a class="userInfo_login--1peTS" href="/web/login?redirect_uri=%2Fword%2Fgreat" rel="nofollow">Log in</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="main main--10rAd" data-role="content-main"><div class="ant-row-flex ant-row-flex-space-around"><div class="ant-col-xs-24 ant-col-sm-24 ant-col-md-24 ant-col-lg-17"><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa"><div><div class="" style="position:relative"><h1 title="Origin and meaning of great" class="word__name--TTbAA">great<!-- --> <!-- -->(adj.)</h1><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH"><p>Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">great</span> "big, tall, thick, stout, massive; coarse," from West Germanic <span class="foreign notranslate">*grauta-</span> "coarse, thick" (source also of Old Saxon <span class="foreign notranslate">grot</span>, Old Frisian <span class="foreign notranslate">grat</span>, Dutch <span class="foreign notranslate">groot</span>, German <span class="foreign notranslate">groß</span> "great"). If the original sense was "coarse," it is perhaps from PIE root <span class="foreign notranslate">*ghreu-</span> "to rub, grind," via the notion of "coarse grain," then "coarse," then "great;" but "the connextion is not free from difficulty" [OED].</p> <p>It took over much of the sense of Middle English <a href="/word/mickle" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of mickle " class="crossreference notranslate">mickle</a>, and itself now is largely superseded by <a href="/word/big" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of big " class="crossreference notranslate">big</a> and <a href="/word/large" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of large " class="crossreference notranslate">large</a> except in reference to non-material things. In the sense of "excellent, wonderful" <span class="foreign notranslate">great</span> is attested from 1848.</p> <p><span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Great White Way</strong></span> "Broadway in New York City" is from 1901, in reference to brilliant street illumination. The <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Great Lakes</strong></span> of North America so called by 1726, perhaps 1690s. <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Great Spirit</strong></span> "high deity of the North American Indians," 1703, originally translates Ojibwa <span class="foreign notranslate">kitchi manitou.</span> The <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Great War</strong></span> originally (1887) referred to the Napoleonic Wars, later (1914) to what we now call World War I (see <a href="/word/world" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of world " class="crossreference notranslate">world</a>).</p> <blockquote> "The Great War" — as, until the fall of France, the British continued to call the First World War in order to avoid admitting to themselves that they were now again engaged in a war of the same magnitude. [Arnold Toynbee, "Experiences," 1969] </blockquote> <p>Also formerly with a verb form, Old English <span class="foreign notranslate">greatian</span> "to become enlarged," Middle English <span class="foreign notranslate">greaten</span> "to become larger, increase, grow; become visibly pregnant," which became archaic after 17c.</p></section><span></span></div></div></div><div class="related--32LCi"><h3 class="h3_title" title="words related to great">Entries linking to <i>great</i></h3><div class="related__details--2kumU"><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of big" href="/word/big#etymonline_v_11135">big<!-- --> <!-- -->(adj.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>c. 1300, at first found chiefly in writings from northern England and north Midlands, with a sense of "powerful, strong;" a word of obscure origin. It is possibly from a Scandinavian source (compare Norwegian dialectal <span class="foreign notranslate">bugge</span> "great man"). Old English used <span class="foreign notranslate">micel</span> (see <a href="/word/much" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of much " class="crossreference notranslate">much</a>) in many of the same senses.</p> <p><span class="foreign notranslate">Big</span> came into general use c. 1400. The meaning "of great size" is from late 14c., as is that of "full-grown, grown up." The sense of "important, influential, powerful" is from c. 1400. The meaning "haughty, inflated with pride" is from 1570s. The sense of "generous" is U.S. colloquial by 1913.</p> <p><span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Big band</strong></span> as a musical style is from 1926. Slang <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>big head</strong></span> "conceit" is recorded by 1850. <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Big business</strong></span> "large commercial firms collectively" is from 1913 (before that it meant "a profitable income in business"). <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Big top</strong></span> "main tent of a circus" is from 1895. <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Big game</strong></span> "large animals hunted for sport" is from 1864. <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Big house</strong></span> "penitentiary" is U.S. underworld slang is attested by 1915 (in London, "a workhouse," 1851). In financial journalism, <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>big ticket</strong></span> items were so called from 1956. <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Big lie</strong></span> is from Hitler's <span class="foreign notranslate">grosse Lüge</span>.</p></section></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of large" href="/word/large#etymonline_v_2074">large<!-- --> <!-- -->(adj.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>c. 1200, of areas, "great in expanse," of persons, "bountiful, inclined to give or spend freely," from Old French <span class="foreign notranslate">large</span> "broad, wide; generous, bounteous" (12c.), from Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">largus</span> "abundant, copious, plentiful; bountiful, liberal in giving, generous" (source also of Spanish <span class="foreign notranslate">largo</span> "long," Italian <span class="foreign notranslate">largo</span> "wide"), a word of unknown origin.</p> <p>The modern English meanings "extensive; big in overall size; great in number" emerged 14c. Adjective phrase <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>larger-than-life</strong></span> first attested 1840 (<span class="foreign notranslate">bigger than life</span> is from 1640s). <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Large-handed</strong></span> has meant both "grasping, greedy" (c. 1600) and "generous, liberal" (1620s); also "having large hands" (1896). <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>Living large</strong></span> is a modern colloquial expression (1994 in African-American vernacular), but <span class="foreign notranslate">large</span> in the sense of "prodigal, lavish" is from late 14c. and, of circumstances, "comfortable, easy" from 1738, and in more recent use Farmer and Henley ("Slang and Its Analogues") have it as "impressively, to excess" from 1852.</p> <blockquote> In mod.Eng., a general designation for considerable magnitude, used instead of <span class="foreign notranslate">great</span> when it is not intended to convey the emotional implication now belonging to that word. [OED] </blockquote> <p>An older sense of "freedom from prison or restraining influence" is preserved in <span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>at large</strong></span> "at (one's) liberty, free from imprisonment or confinement free to move openly" (late 14c.). The phrase, with the meaning "free or at liberty in a general way (without particulars)" is from 1620s; specifically of electors from 1741, American English.</p></section></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><ul class="related__container--22iKI"><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of mickle" href="/word/mickle"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">mickle</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of world" href="/word/world"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">world</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of Great Britain" href="/word/Great%20Britain"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">Great Britain</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of greatcoat" href="/word/greatcoat"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">greatcoat</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of greater" href="/word/greater"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">greater</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of greatest" href="/word/greatest"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">greatest</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of great-hearted" href="/word/great-hearted"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">great-hearted</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of greatly" href="/word/greatly"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">greatly</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of greatness" href="/word/greatness"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">greatness</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of groat" href="/word/groat"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">groat</li></a><a target="_self" title="Origin and meaning of great-" href="/word/great-"><li class="related__word--3Si0N">great-</li></a><a class="related__more--1gm0U related__word--3Si0N" href="/word/great/related"><li>See all related words (<!-- -->13<!-- -->) <!-- -->></li></a></ul></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="8757723469" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class="ngram--SmXCf"><h3 class="h3_title" title="Trends of great">Trends of <i>great</i></h3><div class="ngram__container--NwjaG" style="height:180px"><canvas id="ngram-chart"></canvas></div><div class="ngram__footer--3-9dX">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/. Ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="related--32LCi"><h3 class="h3_title" title="More to Explore">More to Explore</h3><div class="related__details--2kumU"><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="linked" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of mickle" href="/word/mickle"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">mickle<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">"great, large; much, abundant; a great deal," a dialectal survival of Old English micel, mycel "great, intense, big, long, much, many," from Proto-Germanic *mekilaz (source also of Old Saxon mikil, Old Norse mikill, Old High German mihhil, Gothic mikils), from PIE root *meg- "gre</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="linked" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of world" href="/word/world"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">world<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">Old English woruld, worold "human existence, the affairs of life," also "a long period of time," also "the human race, mankind, humanity," a word peculiar to Germanic languages (cognates: Old Saxon werold, Old Frisian warld, Dutch wereld, Old Norse verold, Old High German weralt,</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="linked" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of groat" href="/word/groat"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">groat<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">medieval European coin, late 14c., probably from Middle Dutch groot, elliptical use of the adjective meaning "great, big" (in this case, "thick"), from the name of some large coin (for example the Bremen grote sware, and compare Medieval Latin grossi denarii in reference to a Pra</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of magnificent" href="/word/magnificent"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">magnificent<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">mid-15c., "exalted, glorious, great in actions or deeds," from Old French magnificent, a back-formation from Latin magnificentior..., comparative of magnificus "great, elevated, noble, distinguished," literally "doing great deeds," from magnus "great" (...from PIE root *meg- "great") + combining form of facere "to make" (from PIE root *dhe- "to set, put")....</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of magnum" href="/word/magnum"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">magnum<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">Latin for "great, large, big" (of size), "great, considerable" (of value), "strong, powerful" (of force); of persons, "elder..., aged," also, figuratively, "great, mighty, grand, important," neuter singular of magnus, from suffixed form of PIE root...*meg- "great."...Magnum opus "masterpiece, a person's greatest work," is literally "great work" (see opus). ...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of maximum" href="/word/maximum"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">maximum<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">maximum and directly from Latin maximum (plural maxima), neuter of maximus "greatest," which is superlative of magnus "great..., large, big" (of size), "abundant" (of quantity), "great, considerable" (of value), "strong, powerful" (of force); of persons..., "elder, aged," also, figuratively, "great, mighty, grand, important," from PIE *mag-samo-, superlative form of root *meg...- "great."...</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of much" href="/word/much"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">much<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">c. 1200, "great in quantity or extent" (also "great in size, big, large," a sense now obsolete), a worn-down form (by loss...of unaccented last syllable) of Middle English muchel "large, tall; many, in a large amount; great, formidable," from Old...English micel "great in amount or extent," from Proto-Germanic *mekilaz, from PIE root *meg- "great."...As a noun, "a large quantity, a great deal," and as an adverb, "in a great degree, intensely, extensively," from c. 1200....</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of swell" href="/word/swell"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">swell<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">Middle English swellen, from Old English swellan "grow in bulk, become bigger" (intransitive, past tense sweall, past participle swollen), from Proto-Germanic *swellanan, *swallejanan (source also of Old Saxon swellan, Old Norse svella, Old Frisian swella, Middle Dutch swellen, D</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of neat" href="/word/neat"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">neat<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">1540s, "clean, free from dirt," from Anglo-French neit, French net "clear, pure" (12c.), from Latin nitidus "well-favored, elegant, trim," literally "gleaming," from nitere "to shine," from PIE root *nei- "to shine" (source also of Middle Irish niam "gleam, splendor," niamda "shi</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8" style="padding:10px 20px"><div><a class="recommended-word" rel="nofollow" data-recommended-type="other_relation" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of dandy" href="/word/dandy"><div class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="font-size:18px">dandy<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></div><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined word__etymology_limit_line--3DeZW" style="cursor:pointer">"man who draws attention by unusual finery of dress and fastidiousness manners, a fop," c. 1780, of uncertain origin; attested earliest in a Scottish border ballad: I've heard my granny crack O' sixty twa years back When there were sic a stock of Dandies O etc. In that regi</section></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div></div><div class="share-tool socialShare--223YS"><h3 title="Share great to social networks" class="socialShare__title--34iP2">Share <i>great</i></h3><div class="cite--1qJ-_ share-cite">‘<!-- -->cite<!-- -->’</div><a title="Share on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgreat" data-social-target="Facebook" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__facebook--2fm3U fa-facebook"></a><a title="Share on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgreat&text=great%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20great%20by%20etymonline" data-social-target="Twitter" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__twitter--1iFxf fa-twitter"></a><a title="Share on Reddit" href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgreat&title=great%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20great%20by%20etymonline" data-social-target="Reddit" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__reddit--30bBu fa-reddit"></a><a title="Share on Email" href="mailto:?subject=great%20%7C%20Etymology%20of%20great%20by%20etymonline&body=%22big%2C%20tall%2C%20thick%2C%20stout%2C%20massive%3B%20coarse%2C%22%20from%20West%20Germanic%20*grauta-%20%22coarse%2C%20thick%22%E2%80%A6%20See%20origin%20and%20meaning%20of%20great.%0Afrom%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2Fgreat%20Find%20out%20more%20at%20etymonline.com" data-social-target="Email" target="blank" rel="nofollow" class="fa share socialShare__icon--3FJac socialShare__icon__email--3hVBm fa-email"></a><div class="cite__content--3ghsO cite-content"><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">Page URL:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">https://www.etymonline.com/word/great</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">HTML Link:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly=""><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/great">Etymology of great by etymonline</a></textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">APA style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of great. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/great</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">Chicago style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper Douglas, “Etymology of great,” Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/great.</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">MLA style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">Harper, Douglas. “Etymology of great.” Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/great. Accessed $(datetimeMla).</textarea><div class="cite__content_title--3ABWh">IEEE style:</div><textarea class="cite__content_textarea--3zgJO cite-textarea" readonly="">D. Harper. “Etymology of great.” Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/great (accessed $(datetime)).</textarea></div></div><p class="wordDetail__date--3r7r8">updated on August 18, 2020</p><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="7656336158" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div></div><div class="ant-col-xs-24 ant-col-sm-24 ant-col-md-24 ant-col-lg-6"><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 removeAdsContainer--3mV2b horizontal"><a href="/premium?utm_source=remove_ads"><div class="removeAdsBtn--2W3KN">Remove ads ></div></a><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right" style="min-width:300px;min-height:250px"></div></div><div class="trending__normal--2eWJF"><h3 class="h3_title">Trending words</h3><ul><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of guile" href="/word/guile">1<!-- -->. <!-- -->guile</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of arcane" href="/word/arcane">2<!-- -->. <!-- -->arcane</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of adventure" href="/word/adventure">3<!-- -->. <!-- -->adventure</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of freedom" href="/word/freedom">4<!-- -->. <!-- -->freedom</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of pardon" href="/word/pardon">5<!-- -->. <!-- -->pardon</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of trauma" href="/word/trauma">6<!-- -->. <!-- -->trauma</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of joy" href="/word/joy">7<!-- -->. <!-- -->joy</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of truth" href="/word/truth">8<!-- -->. <!-- -->truth</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of phenomenon" href="/word/phenomenon">9<!-- -->. <!-- -->phenomenon</a></li><li class="trending__normal__word--1Qvnq"><a rel="nofollow" title="Origin and meaning of dream" href="/word/dream">10<!-- -->. <!-- -->dream</a></li></ul></div><div class="alphabetical--2oTZG"><h3 title="words in alphabetical order" class="h3_title">Dictionary entries near <i>great</i></h3><a title="Origin and meaning of graze" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/graze"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">graze</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of grazier" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/grazier"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">grazier</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of grease" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/grease"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">grease</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of greaser" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/greaser"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">greaser</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of greasy" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/greasy"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">greasy</p></a><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2 alphabetical__active--FCYcm">great</p><a title="Origin and meaning of great-" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/great-"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">great-</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of Great Britain" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/Great%20Britain"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">Great Britain</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of great-aunt" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/great-aunt"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">great-aunt</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of greatcoat" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/greatcoat"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">greatcoat</p></a><a title="Origin and meaning of greater" target="" rel="nofollow" href="/word/greater"><p class="alphabetical__word--3UeP2">greater</p></a></div></div></div></div><div class="alphabet--3sMXd"><ul class="alphabet__inner--2NEtM"><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter A"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=a">A</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter B"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=b">B</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter C"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=c">C</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter D"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=d">D</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter E"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=e">E</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter F"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=f">F</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter G"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=g">G</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter H"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=h">H</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter I"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=i">I</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter J"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=j">J</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter K"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=k">K</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter L"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=l">L</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter M"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=m">M</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter N"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=n">N</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter O"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=o">O</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter P"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=p">P</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Q"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=q">Q</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter R"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=r">R</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter S"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=s">S</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter T"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=t">T</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter U"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=u">U</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter V"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=v">V</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter W"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=w">W</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter X"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=x">X</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Y"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=y">Y</a></li><li class="alphabet__node--huwT8" title="Prefix, suffix and words starting with the letter Z"><a rel="nofollow" href="/search?q=z">Z</a></li></ul></div><div class="footer--zLQrv"><div class="footer__info--3VNMU"><div class="footer__info_inner--1aVeV"><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">LINKS</p><a rel="" href="https://forum.etymonline.com" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Forum</a><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/sources" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Full List of Sources</a><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/links" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Links</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">PRODUCTS</p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id813629612?pt=33423801&ct=etymonline_footer&mt=8" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">iOS App</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.etymonline.app&referrer=utm_source%3Detymonline_webfooter" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Android App</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/etymonline/giehjnnlopapngdjbjjgddpaagoimmgl?utm_source=link_footer" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Chrome Extension</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">ABOUT</p><a rel="nofollow" href="/columns/post/bio" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Who Did This</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.etymonline.com/columns/post/abbr" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Introduction and Explanation</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.facebook.com/etymonline?utm_source=etymonline_footer&utm_medium=link_exchange" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Follow on Facebook</a></div><div><p class="footer__info_title--3LoBd">SUPPORT</p><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=byronic106@yahoo.com&lc=US&item_name=Donation+to +Help+Keep+Etymonline+Free+and+Open&no_note=0&cn=&curency_code=USD&bn=PP-DonationsBF:btn_donateCC_LG.gif:NonHosted" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Donate with PayPal</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.redbubble.com/people/godgifu/shop?artistUserName=godgifu&collections=1692216&utm_source=etymonline_footer" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Ye Olde Swag Shoppe</a><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.patreon.com/etymonline?utm_source=etymonline.com&utm_campaign=footer_link&utm_medium=website" class="footer__info_node--3T-ZQ">Support on Patreon</a></div></div></div><div class="footer__link--1RSEJ footer__link_padding--1oYre"><div class="footer__link_inner--KP2Wz"><div><a href="mailto:etymonline@protonmail.com" title="Douglas Harper" rel="nofollow">© 2001-2024<!-- --> <!-- -->Douglas Harper</a><span style="color:#888"> | </span><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/legal/terms" title="Terms of Service" rel="nofollow">Terms of Service</a><span style="color:#888"> | </span><a href="https://www.etymonline.com/legal/privacy" title="Privacy Policy" rel="nofollow">Privacy Policy</a></div><div style="position:relative"><span id="language-change" class="footer__language_label--1E9_x">English (English)<!-- --> <svg width="10" height="12" viewBox="0 0 10 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M5 0L0 5H10L5 0ZM0 7L5 12L10 7H0Z" fill="#858585"></path></svg></span><ul id="language-selector" class="footer__language--H9nbK"><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO" style="display:none"><a href="/word/great">English (English)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/cn/word/great">简体中文 (Chinese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/de/word/great">Deutsch (German)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/es/word/great">Español (Spanish)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/fr/word/great">Français (French)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/it/word/great">Italiano (Italian)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/jp/word/great">日本語 (Japanese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/kr/word/great">한국어 (Korean)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/pt/word/great">Português (Portuguese)</a></li><li class="footer__language_item--1nkwO"><a href="/tw/word/great">繁體中文 (Chinese)</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="backtop"><div class="backtop-content"><i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i></div></div></div></div></div> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-YGHSRMYRTV"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-YGHSRMYRTV', { 'custom_map': {'dimension1': 'UserRole'} }); gtag('event', 'user_role_set', {'UserRole': 'guest'}); </script> <script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/remove-ads-iconfont.js?t=10"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/plugins.2ad87a733ad1b7fbd7d2.js" async="true"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript"> 'use strict';var extensionBait=document.querySelector('.extensionHint'),isChrome=navigator.userAgent.indexOf('Chrome')>-1,bannerExtension=document.querySelector('.bait'),hintClose=document.querySelector('.hint-closer');!extensionBait||!isChrome||bannerExtension||window.localStorage.getItem('etymonline-extension-installed')||window.localStorage.getItem('extension_banner_clicked')||setTimeout(function(){extensionBait.style.marginTop=0},1e3),hintClose&&hintClose.addEventListener('click',function(){extensionBait.style.marginTop='-64px',window.localStorage.setItem('extension_banner_clicked',!0)}),extensionBait&&extensionBait.addEventListener('click',function(){}); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="application/ld+json"> [{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com#website", "url": "https://www.etymonline.com", "name": "Etymonline", "alternateName": "Online Etymology Dictionary", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://www.etymonline.com/search?q={search_term_string}&utm_campaign=sd&utm_medium=serp&utm_source=ds_search", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "name": "great | Etymology of great by etymonline", "url": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/great", "description": "big, tall, thick, stout, massive; coarse, from West Germanic *grauta- coarse, thick… See origin and meaning of great.", "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com#website" } }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": ["DefinedTermSet", "Book"], "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com", "name": "Dictionary and etymology by etymonline", "description": "An online etymology dictionary providing the origin and history of English words" }, { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "DefinedTerm", "@id": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/great", "name": "great", "inDefinedTermSet": "https://www.etymonline.com" }] </script><script data-react-helmet="true" >"serviceWorker"in navigator&&navigator.serviceWorker.getRegistrations().then(function(e){for(let r of e)r.unregister()});</script><script data-react-helmet="true" >googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/21669543020/pc_wd_right', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right').setTargeting("refresh", 'true').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/21669543020/pc_wd_top', [728, 90], 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top').setTargeting("refresh", 'true').addService(googletag.pubads()); var SECONDS_TO_WAIT_AFTER_VIEWABILITY = 105; // Object to keep track of the number of refreshes per slot var slotRefreshes = {}; googletag.pubads().addEventListener('impressionViewable', function(event) { var slot = event.slot; // Initialize the count for this slot if it's the first time if (!slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()]) { slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()] = 0; } if (slot.getTargeting("refresh").indexOf("true") > -1) { const refreshTime = Math.floor(Math.random() * 15) + SECONDS_TO_WAIT_AFTER_VIEWABILITY; // Only refresh the slot if it has been refreshed less than 3 times if (slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()] < 3) { setTimeout(function() { console.log("reload", slot.getSlotElementId()); apstag.fetchBids({ slots: [{ slotID: slot.getSlotElementId(), slotName: slot.getAdUnitPath(), sizes: slot.getSizes().map(function(size) { return [size.getWidth(), size.getHeight()]; }) }], timeout: 2e3 }, function(bids) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { apstag.setDisplayBids(); googletag.pubads().refresh([slot]); }); }); // Increment the refresh count for this slot slotRefreshes[slot.getSlotElementId()]++; }, refreshTime * 1000); } } }); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" >!function(a9,a,p,s,t,A,g){if(a[a9])return;function q(c,r){a[a9]._Q.push([c,r])}a[a9]={init:function(){q("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){q("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]};A=p.createElement(s);A.async=!0;A.src=t;g=p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];g.parentNode.insertBefore(A,g)}("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"); apstag.init({ pubID: '7013ff7d-a08e-4dca-9729-1643e28c88b5', adServer: 'googletag' }); // Fetch bids from APS apstag.fetchBids({ slots: [{ slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right', slotName: '/21669543020/pc_wd_right', sizes: [[300, 250]] }, { slotID: 'div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top', slotName: '/21669543020/pc_wd_top', sizes: [[728, 90]] }], timeout: 2e3 }, function(bids) { // Set apstag targeting on googletag, then display the slots googletag.cmd.push(function(){ apstag.setDisplayBids(); googletag.pubads().refresh(); }); googletag.cmd.push(function(){ googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-right'); googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-pc-wd-top'); }); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript"> $('section').click(function(e) { if(e.target.className === 'crossreference' && e.target.nodeName === 'SPAN') { location.href = window.location.origin + '/word/' + e.target.innerText } }) $('a[data-more]').hover( function() { $(this).find('.fa-chevron-right').animate({ opacity: 1 }, 100); }, function() { $(this).find('.fa-chevron-right').animate({ opacity: 0 }, 100); }) $('.word-relation-see-more').click(function(e) { $(this).css('display', 'none'); $(this).prev().css({'max-height': '100%'}); }) </script><script data-react-helmet="true" > function generateChart() { const startYear = 1800; const data = [{"label":"great (adj.)","data":[0.0011519849843656023,0.0011552262275169292,0.001158883849469324,0.0011610782938078045,0.001166867216428121,0.001173036180747052,0.0011632114959259827,0.0011626121665661534,0.0011612262343987823,0.0011535961646586656,0.001150573588286837,0.0011492390185594559,0.0011419103170434634,0.0011356405215337873,0.0011243333341553808,0.0011191363058363397,0.0011098331073299051,0.0011013320026298365,0.00109162877779454,0.0010847784656410416,0.0010721731698140502,0.0010661643076067169,0.0010580633068457245,0.0010527868832771977,0.0010451518387223284,0.001026512721243004,0.001023317601842185,0.0010193630199258525,0.0010149721599494418,0.0010158046847209335,0.0010082143785742422,0.001004835757582138,0.0010013879160396754,0.0010002377559430898,0.0009988798255411288,0.0009996125668597718,0.0009968113037757576,0.000994896349341919,0.000991543549268196,0.000990753547133257,0.0010048464910748104,0.0010045469854958356,0.001005716035918643,0.0010063417760344843,0.0010051837695452075,0.0010063014226034284,0.0010065174894407392,0.0010056946504240236,0.0010028875355298321,0.001000630723622938,0.000997572283570965,0.0009953531553037465,0.0009910784428939223,0.0009886882811163862,0.0009861582152855893,0.0009817272463502984,0.0009761631372384727,0.0009706689782130221,0.0009658348436156909,0.0009626809779244165,0.0009581820185606678,0.0009520599230503043,0.0009470156161114574,0.0009415292375100155,0.0009361718393241365,0.0009295632364228368,0.0009234623440230887,0.0009170611932252845,0.0009111098789920409,0.0009056382424508532,0.0008987500759152074,0.0008921313953275481,0.0008863561321049929,0.0008807166595943272,0.0008739480554747085,0.0008677432662807405,0.0008618097635917366,0.0008536903886124491,0.0008472071766542892,0.0008393506946352621,0.000833317272675534,0.0008272192790172994,0.0008210852975025773,0.000815650801329563,0.0008092310357217988,0.0008047927559042971,0.0007996390845316152,0.0007943032658658921,0.000786552131952097,0.0007804979803040623,0.0007745572482235729,0.0007689314273496469,0.0007658097000482182,0.0007624525460414588,0.0007581695138166348,0.0007552466588094831,0.0007513361168093979,0.0007474573833557467,0.0007406665633122126,0.0007340683951042593,0.0007273964816704393,0.0007203084183856845,0.0007140260383797189,0.0007093005503217379,0.000702196565301468,0.0006940272365075846,0.0006848163243072729,0.0006740414149438342,0.0006622616977741321,0.0006533793561781446,0.0006434670571858685,0.0006355426545875768,0.0006286206577594081,0.0006228229380212724,0.000616128525386254,0.0006097915039087336,0.0006035518910114964,0.0005983703420497477,0.0005910619588879247,0.0005874401346469919,0.0005833292147144675,0.0005795596555496255,0.000575228714539359,0.0005718914481500785,0.0005651739231931666,0.0005593483491490285,0.0005496280345444877,0.0005407052716085067,0.0005311192692412684,0.000523042327646787,0.0005151363225498547,0.0005071800415559362,0.0004962423913336049,0.00048670850422543785,0.0004741349451554318,0.0004652129214567443,0.00045652679206493,0.00045010679168626665,0.00044333608238957824,0.00043972285153965154,0.0004345785166757802,0.00043174940704678494,0.0004259169839012126,0.0004229650580479453,0.00041977117458979286,0.0004166074776245902,0.0004127578421806296,0.000410279988621672,0.0004082700548072656,0.00040761394581447045,0.0004039032462363442,0.00040114777899968125,0.0003965631534811109,0.0003927701715535174,0.0003882281268791606,0.000384907932796826,0.000381980607441316,0.00038010233741564057,0.00037731048457014064,0.00037549358676187695,0.0003740028400594989,0.00037427743858036897,0.00037476839303659897,0.00037340596512270473,0.00037065115369235474,0.0003671445786797752,0.0003615788281119118,0.00035628813590543964,0.0003494716715067625,0.0003428941301535815,0.00033498788446498413,0.0003263275323358054,0.0003176653204718605,0.0003082182151653493,0.00029789008646427344,0.0002867501617098848,0.0002750532818026841,0.00026383214280940593,0.000253969860690025,0.0002452748769428581,0.00023856375773902982,0.0002332022840467592,0.00022790546160346518,0.0002240865481629347,0.00022015459544491022,0.0002172640864349281,0.00021480355159534761,0.00021261361058956633,0.00021052668841245274,0.00020980952055348704,0.00020911246635175,0.0002089493665456151,0.00020909960536907117,0.00021032403747085483,0.0002111998163551713,0.0002122875409744059,0.0002144690496303762,0.00021792131398494044,0.00022080500299731892,0.00022550720217016836,0.00023016972700133919,0.00023689343070145696,0.00024382641713600607,0.00025068524992093443,0.0002556796486411865,0.0002593072984988491,0.0002636064678275337,0.00026793203336031486,0.0002721498089764888,0.0002753081227031847,0.00028158120985608546,0.0002889512979891151,0.00029388360756759844,0.0002969402848975733,0.00029864390335905436,0.0003006739668004836,0.00030047063641673463,0.0003000520053319633,0.0002996695564231939,0.00030136171699268743]}]; const datasets = data.map(dataset => { return { label: dataset.label, data: dataset.data.map((value, index) => { return { x: startYear + index, y: value * 1e6 }; }), fill: false, tension: 0.1, pointRadius: 1, pointHitRadius: 3, }; }); const ctx = document.getElementById('ngram-chart').getContext('2d'); const chart=new Chart(ctx,{type:"line",data:{datasets:datasets},options:{maintainAspectRatio:false,responsive:true,interaction:{mode:"index",intersect:false},scales:{x:{type:"linear",title:{display:false},ticks:{autoSkip:true,maxTicksLimit:20,callback:function(value){return value.toString().replace(/,/g,"")}},min:1800,max:2019},y:{type:"linear",title:{display:true,text:"Frequency (per million)"}}},plugins:{tooltip:{mode:"index",callbacks:{title:function(context){const firstPoint=context[0];return firstPoint.parsed.x.toString().replace(/,/g,"")}}},legend:{display: datasets.length > 1,labels:{color:"#83001d",font:{size:14,weight:"bold"}},onHover:function(event,legendItem,legend){event.native.target.style.cursor="pointer"},onLeave:function(event,legendItem,legend){event.native.target.style.cursor="default"}}}},plugins:[{beforeDatasetsDraw:(chart)=>{if(chart.tooltip?._active?.length){let x=chart.tooltip._active[0].element.x;let yAxis=chart.scales.y;let ctx=chart.ctx;ctx.save();ctx.beginPath();ctx.moveTo(x,yAxis.top);ctx.lineTo(x,yAxis.bottom);ctx.lineWidth=1;ctx.strokeStyle="#9b9b9b";ctx.stroke();ctx.restore()}}}]}); } </script><script data-react-helmet="true" src="https://cdn.etymonline.com/projects/etymonline-main-v3/chart.js" onLoad="generateChart()" async="true"></script><script data-react-helmet="true" > $('.share-cite').click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass('cite-checked'); const checked = $(this).hasClass('cite-checked'); if (checked) { $('.cite-content').slideDown() } else { $('.cite-content').slideUp() } }) function selectText(element) { if (document.selection) { var range = document.body.createTextRange(); range.moveToElementText(element); range.select(); } else if (window.getSelection) { var range = document.createRange(); range.selectNodeContents(element); window.getSelection().removeAllRanges(); window.getSelection().addRange(range); } } $('.cite-textarea').click(function () { selectText($(this)[0]) }); $(document).ready(function () { const monthNames = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"]; const d = new Date(), month = monthNames[d.getMonth()], day = '' + d.getDate(), year = d.getFullYear(); $(".cite-textarea").each(function (i, e) { const newText = $(this).text() .replace('$(datetime)', month + " " + day + "," + " " + year) .replace('$(datetimeMla)', day + " " + month + "," + " " + year) $(this).text(newText) }); setTimeout(() => {const hash='#'+(window.location.hash.substring(1)||'_');const offset = $(hash).offset();if (offset) $([document.documentElement, document.body]).animate({scrollTop: offset.top}, 300);}, 500); }); </script><script data-react-helmet="true" type="text/javascript">'use strict';function addADJS(){var b=document.createElement('script');b.src='//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7093273770345366',b.async=!0,document.body.appendChild(b)}var script=document.createElement('script');document.querySelectorAll('.adsbygoogle').forEach(function(){script.text+='(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});'});addADJS();document.body.appendChild(script);</script><script data-react-helmet="true" > $(window).on('scroll', function() { if($(this).scrollTop() > 300) { $('.backtop').show('fast') } else { $('.backtop').hide('fast') } }) $('.backtop').click(function() { $('body,html').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 500) }) </script> </body> </html>