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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" content="text/html;charset=utf-8;"> <title data-react-helmet="true" name="twitter:title">v | Search Online Etymology Dictionary</title> <meta data-react-helmet="true" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="theme-color" content="#83001d"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="description" property="og:description" content="The online etymology dictionary (etymonline) is the internet's go-to source for quick and reliable accounts of the origin and history of English words, phrases, and idioms. 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href="/search?q=v&type=2"><div class="selectorItem--S2kay">phrase</div></a><a href="/search?q=v&type=3"><div class="selectorItem--S2kay">suffix</div></a><a href="/search?q=v&type=4"><div class="selectorItem--S2kay">prefix</div></a><a href="/search?q=v&type=5"><div class="selectorItem--S2kay">word root</div></a><div class="underline--2GdPQ"></div></div>747 entries found.</div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of V" href="/word/V#etymonline_v_4589">V<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>In Middle English, <span class="foreign notranslate">-u-</span> and <span class="foreign notranslate">-v-</span> were used interchangeably, though with a preference for <span class="foreign notranslate">v-</span> as the initial letter (<span class="foreign notranslate">vnder, vain</span>, etc.) and <span class="foreign notranslate">-u-</span> elsewhere (<span class="foreign notranslate">full, euer</span>, etc.). The distinction into consonant and vowel identities was established in English by 1630, under influence of continental printers, but into 19c. some dictionaries and other catalogues continued to list <span class="foreign notranslate">-u-</span> and <span class="foreign notranslate">-v-</span> words as a single series.</p> <p>No native Anglo-Saxon words begin in <span class="foreign notranslate">v-</span> except those (<a href="/word/vane" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of vane " class="crossreference notranslate">vane</a>, <a href="/word/vat" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of vat " class="crossreference notranslate">vat</a>, <a href="/word/vixen" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of vixen " class="crossreference notranslate">vixen</a>) altered by the southwestern England habit of replacing initial <span class="foreign notranslate">f-</span> with <span class="foreign notranslate">v-</span> (and initial <span class="foreign notranslate">s-</span> with <span class="foreign notranslate">z-</span>). Confusion of <span class="foreign notranslate">-v-</span> and <span class="foreign notranslate">-w-</span> also was a characteristic of 16c. Cockney accents.</p> <p>As a Roman numeral, "five." In German rocket weapons systems of World War II, it stood for <span class="foreign notranslate">Vergeltungswaffe</span> "reprisal weapon." <span class="foreign notranslate">V-eight</span> as a type of motor engine is recorded from 1929 (<span class="foreign notranslate">V-engine</span> is attested from 1909), so called for the arrangement. The <span class="foreign notranslate">V</span> for "victory" hand sign was conceived January 1941 by Belgian politician and resistance leader Victor de Laveleye, to signify French <span class="foreign notranslate">victoire</span> and Flemish <span class="foreign notranslate">vrijheid</span> ("freedom"). It was broadcast into Europe by Radio Belgi毛/Radio Belgique and popularized by the BBC by June 1941, from which time it became a universal allied gesture.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/V#etymonline_v_4589"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc-sp-infeed-1" style="min-width:728px;min-height:90px"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vas" href="/word/vas#etymonline_v_39839">vas<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>in anatomy, "a tube, duct, or conduit for conveying blood, lymph, semen, etc.," plural <span class="foreign notranslate">vasa</span>, Latin, literally "vessel." <span class="foreign notranslate">Vas deferens</span> (plural <span class="foreign notranslate">vasa defferentia</span>) is from 1570s.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vas#etymonline_v_39839"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vac" href="/word/vac#etymonline_v_39811">vac<!-- -->聽<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1709 as a colloquial shortening of <a href="/word/vacation#etymonline_v_4592" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of vacation " class="crossreference notranslate">vacation</a> (n.); 1942 as a colloquial shortening of <a href="/word/vacuum#etymonline_v_44238" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of vacuum " class="crossreference notranslate">vacuum</a> (v.); 1974 as a colloquial shortening of <span class="foreign notranslate">vacuum cleaner</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vac#etymonline_v_39811"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vacancy" href="/word/vacancy#etymonline_v_30853">vacancy<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1570s, "a vacating;" c. 1600, "state of being vacant," from Late Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">vacantia</span>, from Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">vacans</span> "empty, unoccupied," present participle of <span class="foreign notranslate">vacare</span> "be empty," from PIE <span class="foreign notranslate">*wak-</span>, extended form of root <a href="/word/*eue-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *eue- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*eue-</a> "to leave, abandon, give out." From 1690s as "a vacant office or post;" meaning "available room at a hotel" is recorded from 1953. Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Vacance</span> (1530s); <span class="foreign notranslate">vacancies</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vacancy#etymonline_v_30853"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vacant" href="/word/vacant#etymonline_v_4590">vacant<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(adj.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>c. 1300, "not filled, held, or occupied," from Old French <span class="foreign notranslate">vacant</span> "idle, unoccupied" (of an office, etc.), from Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">vacantem</span> (nominative <span class="foreign notranslate">vacans</span>), "empty, unoccupied," present participle of <span class="foreign notranslate">vacare</span> "be empty" (from PIE <span class="foreign notranslate">*wak-</span>, extended form of root <a href="/word/*eue-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *eue- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*eue-</a> "to leave, abandon, give out"). Meaning "characterized by absence of mental occupation" is from 1570s. Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Vacantly</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vacant#etymonline_v_4590"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div data-ad-container="true" class="adContainer--6CVz1 vertical" style="margin-top:1em"><span class="adLabel--35hfi">Advertisement</span><ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7093273770345366" style="display:block;width:100%" data-ad-slot="5022190299" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vacation" href="/word/vacation#etymonline_v_4592">vacation<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>late 14c., "freedom from obligations, leisure, release" (from some activity or occupation), from Old French <span class="foreign notranslate">vacacion</span> "vacancy, vacant position" (14c.) and directly from Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">vacationem</span> (nominative <span class="foreign notranslate">vacatio</span>) "leisure, freedom, exemption, a being free from duty, immunity earned by service," noun of state from past-participle stem of <span class="foreign notranslate">vacare</span> "be empty, free, or at leisure," from PIE <span class="foreign notranslate">*wak-</span>, extended form of root <a href="/word/*eue-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *eue- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*eue-</a> "to leave, abandon, give out."</p> <p>Meanings "state of being unoccupied," "process of vacating" in English are early 15c. Meaning "formal suspension of activity, time in which there is an intermission of usual employment" (in reference to schools, courts, etc.) is recorded from mid-15c. As the U.S. equivalent of what in Britain is called a <a href="/word/holiday" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of holiday " class="crossreference notranslate">holiday</a>, it is attested from 1878.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vacation#etymonline_v_4592"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vacation" href="/word/vacation#etymonline_v_44237">vacation<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(v.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1866, from <a href="/word/vacation#etymonline_v_4592" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of vacation " class="crossreference notranslate">vacation</a> (n.). Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Vacationed</span>; <span class="foreign notranslate">vacationing</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vacation#etymonline_v_44237"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vacate" href="/word/vacate#etymonline_v_4591">vacate<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(v.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1640s, "to make void, to annul," from Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">vacatus</span>, past participle of <span class="foreign notranslate">vacare</span> "be empty, be void," from PIE <span class="foreign notranslate">*wak-</span>, extended form of root <a href="/word/*eue-" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *eue- " rel="nofollow" class="crossreference notranslate">*eue-</a> "to leave, abandon, give out." Meaning "to leave, give up, quit" (a place) is attested from 1791. Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Vacated</span>; <span class="foreign notranslate">vacating</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vacate#etymonline_v_4591"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vaccination" href="/word/vaccination#etymonline_v_4593">vaccination<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(n.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1800, used by British physician Edward Jenner (1749-1823) for the technique he publicized of preventing smallpox by injecting people with the similar but much milder cowpox virus (<span class="foreign notranslate">variolae vaccinae</span>), from <span class="foreign notranslate">vaccine</span> (adj.) "pertaining to cows, from cows" (1798), from Latin <span class="foreign notranslate">vaccinus</span> "from cows," from <span class="foreign notranslate">vacca</span> "cow," a word of uncertain origin. A mild case of cowpox rendered one immune thereafter to smallpox. "The use of the term for diseases other than smallpox is due to Pasteur" [OED].</p> <p>The earlier 18c. method of smallpox protection in England was by a kind of inoculation called 聽<span class="foreign notranslate"><strong>variolation</strong></span> (from <a href="/word/variola" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of variola " class="crossreference notranslate">variola</a>, the medical Latin word for "smallpox"). There are two forms of smallpox: a minor one that killed 2% or less of the people who got it, and a virulent form that had about a 30% mortality rate and typically left survivors with severe scarring and often blinded them. Those who got the minor form were noted to be immune thereafter to the worse. Doctors would deliberately infect healthy young patients with a local dose of the minor smallpox, usually resulting in a mild case of it at worst, to render them immune to the more deadly form. Jenner's method was safer, as it involved no smallpox exposure.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vaccination#etymonline_v_4593"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="word--C9UPa word_4pc--2SZw8"><div><a class="word__name--TTbAA word_thumbnail__name--1khEg" style="margin-bottom:5px;display:block" title="Origin and meaning of vaccinate" href="/word/vaccinate#etymonline_v_30589">vaccinate<!-- -->聽<!-- -->(v.)<span class="word_thumbnail__name_icon--2RFFN"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="font-size:16px"></i></span></a><div class="word__etymology_expand--1s7tE"><section class="word__defination--2q7ZH undefined"><div></div><p>1803, "to inoculate with a vaccine," originally with cowpox for the purpose of procuring immunity from smallpox, back-formation from <a href="/word/vaccination" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of vaccination " class="crossreference notranslate">vaccination</a>. Related: <span class="foreign notranslate">Vaccinated</span>; <span class="foreign notranslate">vaccinating</span>.</p></section></div></div><a data-more="true" class="word_4pc__footer--2yfj3" href="/word/vaccinate#etymonline_v_30589"><span>Related entries & more</span>聽<i class="fa fa-chevron-right" style="opacity:0"></i></a><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div class="pagination_simple--1ilDd"><a style="visibility:hidden" title="prev" class="pagination_simple_prev--1rWzQ" role="button" href="/search?page=0&q=v&type="><i class="fa fa-2x fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></i></a><a title="next" role="button" href="/search?page=2&q=v&type=">Next</a><a style="visibility:visible" title="next" class="pagination_simple_next--3KB2t" role="button" href="/search?page=2&q=v&type="><i class="fa fa-2x fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></div><ul class="ant-pagination pagination--1DEpf" unselectable="unselectable"><li title="Previous Page" tabindex="0" class="ant-pagination-disabled 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