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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland" title="Politics of Poland">Politics of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herb_Polski.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Herb_Polski.svg/110px-Herb_Polski.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="129" class="mw-file-element" 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Poland">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland#Legislative" title="Politics of Poland">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:lavender; line-height:18px;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Parliament of Poland</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10th_term_Sejm_and_11th_term_Senate_of_Poland" title="10th term Sejm and 11th term Senate of Poland">Current Parliament</a></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:10th_Term_Sejm_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/10th_Term_Sejm_of_Poland.svg/50px-10th_Term_Sejm_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/10th_Term_Sejm_of_Poland.svg/75px-10th_Term_Sejm_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/10th_Term_Sejm_of_Poland.svg/100px-10th_Term_Sejm_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="653" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:11th_term_Senate_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/11th_term_Senate_of_Poland.svg/50px-11th_term_Senate_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/11th_term_Senate_of_Poland.svg/75px-11th_term_Senate_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/11th_term_Senate_of_Poland.svg/100px-11th_term_Senate_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="327" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sejm_RP_logo_and_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sejm_RP_logo_and_wordmark.svg/30px-Sejm_RP_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sejm_RP_logo_and_wordmark.svg/45px-Sejm_RP_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Sejm_RP_logo_and_wordmark.svg/60px-Sejm_RP_logo_and_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Sejm" title="Marshal of the Sejm">Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Szymon_Ho%C5%82ownia" title="Szymon Hołownia">Szymon Hołownia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poland_2050" title="Poland 2050">PL2050</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Marshal_of_the_Sejm" title="Deputy Marshal of the Sejm">Deputy Marshals</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Senate_of_Poland_with_text.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Emblem_of_the_Senate_of_Poland_with_text.svg/30px-Emblem_of_the_Senate_of_Poland_with_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Emblem_of_the_Senate_of_Poland_with_text.svg/45px-Emblem_of_the_Senate_of_Poland_with_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Emblem_of_the_Senate_of_Poland_with_text.svg/60px-Emblem_of_the_Senate_of_Poland_with_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7342" data-file-height="10509" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland">Marshal</a> <span data-sort-value="Kidawa- Błońska, Małgorzata Maria"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82gorzata_Kidawa-B%C5%82o%C5%84ska" title="Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska">Małgorzata Maria Kidawa- Błońska</a></span></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">PO</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Marshal_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland">Deputy Marshals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland#Executive" title="Politics of Poland">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:lavender; line-height:18px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2481" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">President of Poland</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">I</a>)</li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kancelaria_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_logo_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kancelaria_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_logo_2022.svg/70px-Kancelaria_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_logo_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kancelaria_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_logo_2022.svg/105px-Kancelaria_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_logo_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Kancelaria_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_logo_2022.svg/140px-Kancelaria_Prezesa_Rady_Ministr%C3%B3w_logo_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="98" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Prime Minister of Poland</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Donald Tusk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Civic_Coalition_(Poland)" title="Civic Coalition (Poland)">PO</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Poland">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_Poland" title="Ministries of Poland">Ministries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Poland" title="Judiciary of Poland">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:lavender; line-height:18px;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Poland" title="Supreme Court of Poland">Supreme Court of Poland</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Poland#List_of_First_Presidents_of_the_Supreme_Court" title="Supreme Court of Poland">First President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%82gorzata_Manowska" title="Małgorzata Manowska">Małgorzata Manowska</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Tribunal_(Poland)" title="Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)">Constitutional Tribunal</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Tribunal_(Poland)#Current_Justices" title="Constitutional Tribunal (Poland)">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Julia_Przy%C5%82%C4%99bska" title="Julia Przyłębska">Julia Przyłębska</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Administrative_Court_of_Poland" title="Supreme Administrative Court of Poland">Supreme Administrative Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Tribunal_(Poland)" title="State Tribunal (Poland)">State Tribunal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Poland" title="Elections in Poland">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:lavender; line-height:18px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Polish_presidential_election" title="2020 Polish presidential election">Presidential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Polish parliamentary election">Parliamentary</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_elections_in_Poland" title="Local elections in Poland">Local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Poland" title="Referendums in Poland">Referendums</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Poland" title="List of political parties in Poland">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:lavender; line-height:18px;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Poland" title="List of political parties in Poland">Major political parties</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Poland" title="List of political parties in Poland">Other parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Poland" title="Administrative divisions of Poland">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:lavender; line-height:18px;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voivodeship (Poland)">Voivodeship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voivodes_of_Poland_(since_1999)" title="Voivodes of Poland (since 1999)">voivodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_marshal" title="Voivodeship marshal">marshals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powiat" title="Powiat">Counties <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>powiat</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">Communes <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>gmina</i>)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">Cities and towns</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Poland" title="Foreign relations of Poland">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:lavender; line-height:18px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Radosław Sikorski">Radosław Sikorski</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Poland" title="List of diplomatic missions of Poland">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Poland" title="List of diplomatic missions in Poland">in Poland</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ambassadors_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current ambassadors of Poland">Ambassadors</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center; background:lavender; line-height:18px;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Poland" title="Economy of Poland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland" title="History of Poland">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Political_history_of_Poland" title="Category:Political history of Poland">political</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Armed forces</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Poland" title="Portal:Poland">Poland portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Poland" title="Template:Politics of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Politics of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Labour Solidarity</b> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Solidarność Pracy</i>, SP) was a political party in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labour_Solidarity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SP was initially a faction within the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> movement, which <a href="/wiki/Coalesced" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Coalesced">coalesced</a> between 1989 and 1991 led by <a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Bugaj" title="Ryszard Bugaj">Ryszard Bugaj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karol_Modzelewski" title="Karol Modzelewski">Karol Modzelewski</a>. The party's programme was presented at the Solidarity congress in April 1990. Nine members of the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate (Poland)">Senate</a> joined the new party.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It went on to win four seats in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1991 Polish parliamentary election">1991 parliamentary elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1992, the party merged with the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Social_Democratic_Union" title="Polish Social Democratic Union">Polish Social Democratic Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Social_Movement_(Poland)" title="Democratic-Social Movement (Poland)">Democratic-Social Movement</a> and some members of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party" title="Polish Socialist Party">Polish Socialist Party</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Labour_United" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour United">Labour United</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labour_Solidarity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruno Coppieters, Kris Deschouwer & Michael Waller (2014) <i>Social Democracy in a Post-communist Europe</i>, Routledge, p141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NS_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Nohlen" title="Dieter Nohlen">Dieter Nohlen</a> & Philip Stöver (2010) <i>Elections in Europe: A data handbook</i>, p1511 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8329-5609-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8329-5609-7">978-3-8329-5609-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Piotr Wróbel (2014) <i>Historical Dictionary of Poland 1945-1996</i>, Routledge, p2008</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_and_political_associations_in_Poland_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Poland&#124;link=Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_political_parties" title="Template:Polish political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_political_parties" title="Template talk:Polish political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_and_political_associations_in_Poland_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Poland&#124;link=Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Poland" title="List of political parties in Poland">Political parties and political associations in Poland</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in<br />the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Right_(Poland)" title="United Right (Poland)">United Right</a></i> (191) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a> (183)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewal_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Renewal of the Republic of Poland">Renew RP</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Affairs" title="Polish Affairs">Polish Affairs</a> (1)</li> <li>Independent (2)*</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Civic_Coalition_(Poland)" title="Civic Coalition (Poland)">Civic Coalition</a></i> (157) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a> (127)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_(political_party)" title="Modern (political party)">Modern</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Initiative" title="Polish Initiative">Polish Initiative</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Poland)" title="The Greens (Poland)">The Greens</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AGROunia" title="AGROunia">AGROunion</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes!_For_Poland" title="Yes! For Poland">Yes! For Poland</a> (1)</li> <li>Independents (15)**</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Poland)" title="The Left (Poland)">The Left</a></i> (26) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Left_(Poland)" title="New Left (Poland)">New Left</a> (19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Together" title="Left Together">Left Together</a> (7)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_2050" title="Poland 2050">Poland 2050</a> (33)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polish_Coalition" title="Polish Coalition">Polish Coalition</a></i> (32) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">Polish People's Party</a> (28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Poland" title="Centre for Poland">Centre for Poland</a> (3)</li> <li>Independent (1)***</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederation_Liberty_and_Independence" title="Confederation Liberty and Independence">Confederation</a></i> (18) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Movement_(Poland)" title="National Movement (Poland)">National Movement</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Poland)" title="New Hope (Poland)">New Hope</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Polish_Crown" title="Confederation of the Polish Crown">Confederation of the Polish Crown</a> (3)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukiz%2715" title="Kukiz'15">Kukiz'15</a> (3)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in<br />the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Senate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Right_(Poland)" title="United Right (Poland)">United Right</a></i> (34) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a> (30)</li> <li>Independents (4)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Civic_Coalition_(Poland)" title="Civic Coalition (Poland)">Civic Coalition</a></i> (41) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yes!_For_Poland" title="Yes! For Poland">Yes! For Poland</a> (1)</li> <li>Independents (4)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Poland)" title="Third Way (Poland)">Third Way (Poland)</a></i> (12) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poland_2050" title="Poland 2050">Poland 2050</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">Polish People's Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Poland" title="Centre for Poland">Centre for Poland</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_European_Democrats" title="Union of European Democrats">Union of European Democrats</a> (1)</li> <li>Independent (1)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Poland)" title="The Left (Poland)">The Left</a></i> (9) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Left_(Poland)" title="New Left (Poland)">New Left</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Together" title="Left Together">Left Together</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party" title="Polish Socialist Party">Polish Socialist Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Union_(Poland)" title="Labour Union (Poland)">Labour Union</a> (1)</li></ul></li> <li>Independents (4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Represented in the<br /><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Civic_Coalition_(Poland)" title="Civic Coalition (Poland)">Civic Coalition</a></i> (21) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a> (17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Initiative" title="Polish Initiative">Polish Initiative</a> (1)</li> <li>Independents (3)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Right_(Poland)" title="United Right (Poland)">United Right</a></i> (20) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a> (20)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederation_Liberty_and_Independence" title="Confederation Liberty and Independence">Confederation</a></i> (6) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_Liberty_and_Independence" title="Confederation Liberty and Independence">Confederation</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Poland)" title="New Hope (Poland)">New Hope</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Polish_Crown" title="Confederation of the Polish Crown">Confederation of the Polish Crown</a> (1)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Poland)" title="Third Way (Poland)">Third Way</a></i> (3) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party" title="Polish People's Party">Polish People's Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_2050" title="Poland 2050">Poland 2050</a> (1)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Poland)" title="The Left (Poland)">The Left</a></i> (3) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Left_(Poland)" title="New Left (Poland)">New Left</a> (3)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other existing parties<br />and<br />political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_Poland" title="Better Poland">Better Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_City_Is_Ours" title="The City Is Ours">The City Is Ours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Initiative_(Poland)" title="Civic Initiative (Poland)">Civic Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Powiat" title="Common Powiat">Common Powiat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederation_Liberty_and_Independence" title="Confederation Liberty and Independence">Confederation Liberty and Independence</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Polish_Youth" title="All-Polish Youth">All-Polish Youth</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Christian_Families" title="Union of Christian Families">Union of Christian Families</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_New_Right" title="Congress of the New Right">Congress of the New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gierek%27s_Economic_Revival_Movement" title="Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement">Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers_from_the_Baltic_to_the_Tatras" title="Farmers from the Baltic to the Tatras">Farmers from the Baltic to the Tatras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falanga_(organisation)" title="Falanga (organisation)">Falanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Self-Governance_League" title="First Self-Governance League">First Self-Governance League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Equality" title="Freedom and Equality">Freedom and Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolno%C5%9Bciowcy" title="Wolnościowcy">Freedomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhabitants%27_Wola" title="Inhabitants' Wola">Inhabitants' Wola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic-Silesian_Association_European_Home" title="Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home">Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_Association" title="Kashubian Association">Kashubian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Poland)" title="Labour Party (Poland)">Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Polish_Families" title="League of Polish Families">League of Polish Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Poland_%E2%80%93_Entrepreneurs%27_Strike" title="Liberal Poland – Entrepreneurs' Strike">Liberal Poland – Entrepreneurs' Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Retirees_and_Pensioners" title="National Party of Retirees and Pensioners">National Party of Retirees and Pensioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp_(1993)" title="National Radical Camp (1993)">National Radical Camp (1993)</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_-_Yes" title="New Democracy - Yes">New Democracy - Yes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_Country" title="Normal Country">Normal Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezpartyjni_Samorz%C4%85dowcy" title="Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy">Nonpartisan Local Government Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_Poland_Local_Government_Coalition" title="OK Poland Local Government Coalition">OK Poland Local Government Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Polish_Nation_%E2%80%93_Polish_League" title="Organisation of the Polish Nation – Polish League">Organisation of the Polish Nation – Polish League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Party_(Poland)" title="Peasants' Party (Poland)">Peasants' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piast_Faction" title="Piast Faction">Piast Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PolExit_(political_party)" title="PolExit (political party)">PolExit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polish_Coalition" title="Polish Coalition">Polish Coalition</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Democrats_(Poland)" title="Alliance of Democrats (Poland)">Alliance of Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesians_Together" title="Silesians Together">Silesians Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_(political_party)" title="Agreement (political party)">Agreement (political party)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Left" title="Polish Left">Polish Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Pirate_Party" title="Polish Pirate Party">Polish Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Party_of_Animal_Protection" title="Polish Party of Animal Protection">Polish Party of Animal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Communist_Party_(2002)" title="Polish Communist Party (2002)">Polish Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Europe_Movement" title="Real Europe Movement">Real Europe Movement – Europa Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Politics_Union" title="Real Politics Union">Real Politics Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repair_Poland_Movement" title="Repair Poland Movement">Repair Poland Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Wing_of_the_Republic" title="Right Wing of the Republic">Right Wing of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Defence_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland">Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Defence_Rebirth" title="Self-Defence Rebirth">Self-Defence Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Autonomy_Movement" title="Silesian Autonomy Movement">Silesian Autonomy Movement</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Regional_Party" title="Silesian Regional Party">Silesian Regional Party</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Separatist_Movement" title="Silesian Separatist Movement">Silesian Separatist Movement</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Alternative (Poland)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Movement_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Social Movement of the Republic of Poland">Social Movement of the Republic of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Poland)" title="Slavic Union (Poland)">Slavic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_is_One_Poland" title="There is One Poland">There is One Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Beyond_Boundaries" title="United Beyond Boundaries">United Beyond Boundaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Democracy_(Poland)" title="Workers' Democracy (Poland)">Workers' Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Minority_Electoral_Committee" title="German Minority Electoral Committee">German Minority</a>****</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Polish–LithuanianCommonwealth" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian<br />Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party" title="Patriotic Party">Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetmans%27_Party" title="Hetmans' Party">Hetmans' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familia_(political_party)" title="Familia (political party)">Familia Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war and<br />inter-war eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Association_of_National_Parties_and_Organizations" title="Association of National Parties and Organizations">Association of National Parties and Organizations</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_People%27s_Party_(Poland)" title="Catholic People's Party (Poland)">Catholic People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrolew" title="Centrolew">Centrolew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Poland" title="Communist Party of Poland">Communist Party of Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Western_Ukraine" title="Communist Party of Western Ukraine">Communist Party of Western Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Western_Belorussia" title="Communist Party of Western Belorussia">Communist Party of Western Belorussia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Silesian_Land" title="Communist Party of Silesian Land">Communist Party of Silesian Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Clubs" title="Democratic Clubs">Democratic Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Central_Lithuania)" title="Democratic Party (Central Lithuania)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_Morges" title="Front Morges">Front Morges</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Partia_Pracy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Party (Partia Pracy)">Labor Party (PP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Faction_(1937)" title="Labour Faction (1937)">Labour Faction (1937)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Poland)" title="National Democracy (Poland)">National Democracy</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_of_National_Unity" title="Christian Union of National Unity">Christian Union of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_Great_Poland" title="Camp of Great Poland">Camp of Great Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_National_Union" title="Popular National Union">Popular National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Poland)" title="National Party (Poland)">National Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp" title="National Radical Camp">National Radical Camp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp_(1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Radical Camp (1934)">National Radical Camp (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp_Falanga" class="mw-redirect" title="National Radical Camp Falanga">National Radical Camp Falanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp_ABC" class="mw-redirect" title="National Radical Camp ABC">National Radical Camp ABC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Union" title="National People's Union">National People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Workers%27_Party" title="National Workers' Party">National Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Group_of_Popular_Councils" title="Peasant Group of Popular Councils">Peasant Group of Popular Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Party_(Poland)" title="Peasant Party (Poland)">Peasant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Poland)" title="People's Party (Poland)">People's Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polish_Centre" title="Polish Centre">Polish Centre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish-Catholic_People%27s_Party" title="Polish-Catholic People's Party">Polish-Catholic People's Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polish_Catholic_Bloc" title="Polish Catholic Bloc">Polish Catholic Bloc</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Christian_Democratic_Party" title="Polish Christian Democratic Party">Polish Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Nonpartisan_Organization" title="Polish Nonpartisan Organization">Polish Nonpartisan Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party_%22Piast%22_(1913%E2%80%931931)" title="Polish People's Party "Piast" (1913–1931)">Polish People's Party "Piast"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party_%22Nowe_Wyzwolenie%22" title="Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie"">Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party_of_Wilno_Land" title="Polish People's Party of Wilno Land">Polish People's Party of Wilno Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Party_%22Wyzwolenie%22" title="Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"">Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party" title="Polish Socialist Party">Polish Socialist Party (1892)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialists" title="Polish Socialists">Polish Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party_%E2%80%93_Freedom,_Equality,_Independence" title="Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence">Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party_%E2%80%93_Left" title="Polish Socialist Party – Left">Polish Socialist Party – Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party_of_Lithuania_and_Belarus" title="Polish Socialist Party of Lithuania and Belarus">Polish Socialist Party of Lithuania and Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party_of_the_Prussian_Partition" title="Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition">Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party_%E2%80%93_Revolutionary_Faction" title="Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction">Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Union_of_Peasant_Activists" title="Polish Union of Peasant Activists">Polish Union of Peasant Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Association_%22Odrodzenie%22" title="Popular Association "Odrodzenie"">Popular Association "Odrodzenie"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Association_%22Odrodzenie-Wyzwolenie%22" title="Popular Association "Odrodzenie-Wyzwolenie"">Popular Association "Odrodzenie-Wyzwolenie"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Councils_(political_party)" title="Popular Councils (political party)">Popular Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Poland)" title="Popular Unity (Poland)">Popular Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Peasant_Party" title="Radical Peasant Party">Radical Peasant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_and_Lithuania" title="Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania">Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Upper_Silesians" title="Union of Upper Silesians">Union of Upper Silesians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communist era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Poland_(Mijal)" title="Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)">Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Independent_Poland" title="Confederation of Independent Poland">Confederation of Independent Poland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_of_National_Unity" title="Front of National Unity">Front of National Unity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Movement_for_National_Rebirth" title="Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth">Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish Workers' Party">Polish Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Polish United Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_People%27s_Party_(Poland)" title="United People's Party (Poland)">United People's Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Home" title="Ancestral Home">Ancestral Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Poland" title="Alliance for Poland">Alliance for Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_Social_Movement" title="Alternative Social Movement">Alternative Social Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agreement_for_the_Future_%E2%80%93_CenterLeft" title="Agreement for the Future – CenterLeft">Agreement for the Future – CenterLeft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Electoral_Action" title="Catholic Electoral Action">Catholic Electoral Action</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Electoral_Committee_%22Fatherland%22" title="Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"">Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Agreement" title="Centre Agreement">Centre Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Agreement_%E2%80%93_Integrative_Initiative" title="Centre Agreement – Integrative Initiative">Centre Agreement – Integrative Initiative</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Centre_Agreement_%E2%80%93_Polish_Union" title="Centre Agreement – Polish Union">Centre Agreement – Polish Union</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Poland)" title="Christian Democracy (Poland)">Christian Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_of_the_Third_Polish_Republic" title="Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic">Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_National_Union" title="Christian National Union">Christian National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian-Peasant_Party" title="Christian-Peasant Party">Christian-Peasant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Movement_for_Democratic_Action" title="Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action">Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_the_Republic" title="Coalition for the Republic">Coalition for the Republic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Independent_Poland" title="Confederation of Independent Poland">Confederation of Independent Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_(Poland)" title="Conservative People's Party (Poland)">Conservative People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)">Democratic Left Alliance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_Alliance_%E2%80%93_Labour_Union" title="Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union">Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_%E2%80%93_demokraci.pl" title="Democratic Party – demokraci.pl">Democratic Party – demokraci.pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_(Poland)" title="Democratic Union (Poland)">Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Democracy_(Poland)" title="Direct Democracy (Poland)">Direct Democracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Plus_(Poland)" title="Europa Plus (Poland)">Europa Plus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/European_Coalition_(Poland)" title="European Coalition (Poland)">European Coalition</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Initiative_(Poland)" title="Feminist Initiative (Poland)">Feminist Initiative/Women's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Poland" title="Forward Poland">Forward Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Union_(Poland)" title="Freedom Union (Poland)">Freedom Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Poland" title="Initiative for Poland">Initiative for Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Initiative of the Republic of Poland">Initiative RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Poland)" title="Labour Party (Poland)">Labour Party (Poland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_and_Self-Defense" title="League and Self-Defense">League and Self-Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Right_of_the_Republic" title="League of the Right of the Republic">League of the Right of the Republic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Left_and_Democrats" title="Left and Democrats">Left and Democrats</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Congress" title="Liberal Democratic Congress">Liberal Democratic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Poland" title="Libertas Poland">Libertas Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Reconstruction_of_Poland" title="Movement for Reconstruction of Poland">Movement for Reconstruction of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Republic" title="Movement for the Republic">Movement for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Republic_%E2%80%93_Patriotic_Camp" title="Movement for the Republic – Patriotic Camp">Movement for the Republic – Patriotic Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_(Poland,_2007)" title="National League (Poland, 2007)">National League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Poland,_1989)" title="National Party (Poland, 1989)">National Party (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_%22Fatherland%22" title="National Party "Fatherland"">National Party "Fatherland"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Self-Defence_Front" title="National Self-Defence Front">National Self-Defence Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_Bloc_for_Support_of_Reforms" title="Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms">Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now!_(political_party)" title="Now! (political party)">Now!</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Social_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Social Alliance (Poland)">Social Alliance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Self-Defence" title="Patriotic Self-Defence">Patriotic Self-Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Drivers" title="Party of Drivers">Party of Drivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions_(Poland)" title="Party of Regions (Poland)">Party of Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_X" title="Party X">Party X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Agreement" title="Peasants' Agreement">Peasants' Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_National_Movement_(Poland)" title="People's National Movement (Poland)">People's National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Comes_First" title="Poland Comes First">Poland Comes First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Confederation_%E2%80%93_Dignity_and_Work" title="Polish Confederation – Dignity and Work">Polish Confederation – Dignity and Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Beer-Lovers%27_Party" title="Polish Beer-Lovers' Party">Polish Beer-Lovers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_Fair_Play" title="Poland Fair Play">Poland Fair Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Union" title="Polish Union">Polish Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Reason_of_State" title="Polish Reason of State">Polish Reason of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Labour_Party_-_August_80" title="Polish Labour Party - August 80">Polish Labour Party - August 80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_National_Party" title="Polish National Party">Polish National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason_Party_(Poland)" title="Reason Party (Poland)">Reason Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Alliance_(Poland)" title="Right Alliance (Poland)">Right Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Defence_of_the_Polish_Nation" title="Self-Defence of the Polish Nation">Self-Defence of the Polish Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Defence_Social_Movement" title="Self-Defence Social Movement">Self-Defence Social Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Justice_Movement" title="Social Justice Movement">Social Justice Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Electoral_Action" title="Solidarity Electoral Action">Solidarity Electoral Action</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_(political_party)" title="Spring (political party)">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Poor_of_Poland" title="The Poor of Poland">The Poor of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Poland" title="Sovereign Poland">Sovereign Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(Poland)" title="The Republicans (Poland)">The Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Republic_Movement" title="Third Republic Movement">Third Republic Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Poland)" title="United Left (Poland)">United Left</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Movement" title="Your Movement">Your Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><i>italic font – electoral alliances and/or popular fronts</i> <br /> *: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zbigniew_Ajchler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zbigniew Ajchler (page does not exist)">Zbigniew Ajchler</a> <br /> **: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piotr_Adamowicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piotr Adamowicz (page does not exist)">Piotr Adamowicz</a> et al., <br /> ***: <a href="/wiki/Marek_Biernacki" title="Marek Biernacki">Marek Biernacki</a> <br /> ****: not currently registered as a party <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Portal:Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ruling_political_parties_by_country" title="List of ruling political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Poland" title="Politics of Poland">Politics of Poland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9339354#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9339354#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010003038X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/148651113">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2005120623">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Checkmark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Red_Checkmark.svg/25px-Red_Checkmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Red_Checkmark.svg/38px-Red_Checkmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Red_Checkmark.svg/50px-Red_Checkmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="227" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a Polish political party is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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