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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> <p><b><span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Nederlandse Spoorwegen</span></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈneːdərlɑntsə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈspoːrˌʋeːɣə(n)]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e0\/NL-nl_Nederlandse_Spoorwegen.ogg\/NL-nl_Nederlandse_Spoorwegen.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"NL-nl Nederlandse Spoorwegen.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/NL-nl_Nederlandse_Spoorwegen.ogg/NL-nl_Nederlandse_Spoorwegen.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:NL-nl_Nederlandse_Spoorwegen.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:NL-nl Nederlandse Spoorwegen.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; English: <span lang="en">"Dutch Railways"</span>; <b>NS</b>) is the principal passenger <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Railway_operator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway operator">railway operator</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. It is a Dutch <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State-owned_company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="State-owned company">state-owned company</a> founded in 1938. The Dutch rail network is the busiest in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and the third busiest in the world after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rail transport in Japan">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="infobox-title"> Nederlandse Spoorwegen </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_logo.svg/200px-Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_logo.svg/300px-Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_logo.svg/400px-Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="414"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Railway_Map_The_Netherlands.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Railway_Map_The_Netherlands.svg/250px-Railway_Map_The_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Railway_Map_The_Netherlands.svg/375px-Railway_Map_The_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Railway_Map_The_Netherlands.svg/500px-Railway_Map_The_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="989"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> Railway tracks in the Netherlands </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:NSR_-_Dubbeldeks_aggloregio_materieel_(DD-AR)_-_Driebruggen-Hekendorp_(20607897939).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NSR_-_Dubbeldeks_aggloregio_materieel_%28DD-AR%29_-_Driebruggen-Hekendorp_%2820607897939%29.jpg/250px-NSR_-_Dubbeldeks_aggloregio_materieel_%28DD-AR%29_-_Driebruggen-Hekendorp_%2820607897939%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NSR_-_Dubbeldeks_aggloregio_materieel_%2528DD-AR%2529_-_Driebruggen-Hekendorp_%252820607897939%2529.jpg/375px-NSR_-_Dubbeldeks_aggloregio_materieel_%2528DD-AR%2529_-_Driebruggen-Hekendorp_%252820607897939%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/NSR_-_Dubbeldeks_aggloregio_materieel_%2528DD-AR%2529_-_Driebruggen-Hekendorp_%252820607897939%2529.jpg/500px-NSR_-_Dubbeldeks_aggloregio_materieel_%2528DD-AR%2529_-_Driebruggen-Hekendorp_%252820607897939%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3922" data-file-height="2942"></a></span> <div class="infobox-caption"> Double decker (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_DD-AR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NS DD-AR">DDZ</a>) train near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gouda,_South_Holland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gouda, South Holland">Gouda, South Holland</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Overview</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th> <td class="infobox-data">Netherlands</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates of operation</th> <td class="infobox-data">1938–present</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hollandsche_IJzeren_Spoorweg-Maatschappij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij">Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij</a> (HSM)<br><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maatschappij_tot_Exploitatie_van_Staatsspoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen">Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen</a> (SS)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Technical</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Track_gauge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_gauge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Other</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th> <td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ns.nl">www<wbr>.ns<wbr>.nl</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ProRail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ProRail">ProRail</a>, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight operator NS Cargo merged with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DB_Cargo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DB Cargo">DB Cargo</a> in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nederlandse_Spoorwegen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NS also provides international rail services from the Netherlands to other European destinations and carries out concessions on some foreign rail markets through its subsidiary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abellio_(transport_company)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abellio (transport company)">Abellio</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_years"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early years</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reforms_and_reversal"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Reforms and reversal</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Recent_years"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Recent years</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Controversies"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Controversies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Coverage"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Coverage</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rail_network"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Rail network</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Types_of_train_service"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Types of train service</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fares_and_tickets"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Fares and tickets</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Off-peak_discount_passes"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Off-peak discount passes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Logo"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Logo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Divisions_of_NS"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Divisions of NS</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Policy"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Policy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Technological_assistance_for_train_staff"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Technological assistance for train staff</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Statistics"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Statistics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of rail transport in the Netherlands">History of rail transport in the Netherlands</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Early years" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg/220px-46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="4037"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg/220px-46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg/330px-46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg/440px-46955_Hoofdgebouw_I_te_Utrecht.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The Hoofdgebouw I (Main Building I) complex in Utrecht, former <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Nederlandse Spoorwegen</span></span> headquarters and nowadays the office of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DB_Cargo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DB Cargo">DB Cargo</a> in the Netherlands </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War I">World War I</a> caused an economic downturn in the Netherlands that caused the two largest Dutch railway companies, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hollandsche_IJzeren_Spoorweg-Maatschappij?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij">Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij</a> (HSM) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maatschappij_tot_Exploitatie_van_Staatsspoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen">Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen</a> (SS), to become unprofitable. The companies avoided bankruptcy by integrating their operations, which was complete by 1917. The cooperation was for both economic and ideological reasons, and the state provided support by buying shares in both companies. In 1938, the state bought the remaining shares and merged the companies to create NS; NS was not <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationalised?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalised">nationalised</a>.</p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holocaust_trains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Netherlands" title="Holocaust trains">Holocaust trains § Netherlands</a> </div> <p>During <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a>, NS was forced by the Germans to construct railways to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westerbork_transit_camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westerbork transit camp">Westerbork transit camp</a> and transport almost a hundred thousand Jews to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extermination_camp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a>. The company's only wartime strike was during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%9345?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch famine of 1944–45">Dutch famine of 1944–45</a>; NS opted not to strike a year earlier.</p> <p>NS played a pivotal role in the post-war reconstruction of the Netherlands; it provided the required <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logistics">logistical services</a> in a time when there was little alternative to rail transport. The company declined in the 1960s – like many other railways – and operated at a loss. There was increased competition from other modes of transport. In addition, national <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coal">coal</a> distribution from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a> became less profitable; the discovery of a gas field near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slochteren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slochteren">Slochteren</a> led to coal losing market share to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natural_gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> in power plants and homes. NS' response, the <i>Spoorslag '70</i> plan which increased service and introduced intercity service, failed to restore profitability. The company was deemed nationally important and received state <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subsidy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Reforms_and_reversal">Reforms and reversal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Reforms and reversal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie,_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg/220px-Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="2467"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg/220px-Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg/330px-Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg/440px-Demonstranten_met_spandoek_Smit-Kroes_tragisch_gebrek_aan_visie%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-6055.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Protests against neoliberal policies in 1983 </figcaption> </figure> <p>NS was reorganized following the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neoliberalism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> reforms of the 1980s and the 1991 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Single_European_Railway_Directive_2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Single European Railway Directive 2012">EU Directive 91/440</a>; the latter required railway infrastructure and transport activities to be managed independently. Although the state called the process "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corporatization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corporatization">corporatization</a>" (<i>verzelfstandiging</i>), it really only meant the withdrawal of subsidies. The changes were carried out by Rob den Besten, who became <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chief_executive_officer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of NS after the retirement of Leo Ploeger.</p> <p>NS' infrastructure division was split off into <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_Railinfratrust?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS Railinfratrust">NS Railinfratrust</a>. Plans to split the remainder of NS met with limited success due to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trade_union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trade union">trade union</a> opposition; the new companies created were NS Reizigers and locomotive maintenance company <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NedTrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NedTrain">NedTrain</a>. Passenger transport was to be conducted on a commercial basis, but the state continued to subsidize non-viable routes. Internally, route managers assumed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_facto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De facto">de facto</a> control, <span class="clarify-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">but they were dependent on a different organ in the company</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Clarify" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="nature of dependency? and which 'organ'? (August 2022)">clarify</span></a></i>]</sup> The freight business, NS Cargo, merged with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>; the resulting company operated as Railion in 2000 and then as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DB_Cargo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DB Cargo">DB Cargo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performance deteriorated after the reforms, and the company suffered multiple unorganized strikes. The entire board of directors resigned in late-2001.</p> <p>Another change in strategy followed. Karel Noordzij became CEO in 2002 and reversed many of the reforms to restore confidence in the company. The state no longer considered competitive passenger service to be viable, and began granting <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concession_(contract)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concession (contract)">concessions</a> with the goal of one concession per line. NS received a concession to run main line routes until 2025.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Recent_years">Recent years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Recent years" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg/220px-NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg/220px-NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg/330px-NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg/440px-NS_Stationsgebied_Utrecht.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Current headquarters in Utrecht </figcaption> </figure> <p>The timetable change on 10 December 2006 saw the most routes to approximate the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Symmetry_minute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Symmetry minute">symmetry minute</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clock-face_schedule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clock-face schedule">clock-face schedules</a> to the one used in most other European countries. The previous symmetry minute 46 led to problems with cross-border trains. As of December 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DNederlandse_Spoorwegen%26action%3Dedit">[update]</a></sup> the company's CEO is former minister <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wouter_Koolmees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wouter Koolmees">Wouter Koolmees</a>, after Marjan Rintel left to become CEO of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KLM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="KLM">KLM</a>.</p> <p>NS was heavily impacted by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, which caused massive drops in passenger numbers. The company received significant financial support from the national government in order to keep the company solvent.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the company made significant cuts in its timetable, running fewer and shorter trains, as a consequence of personnel shortages.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Controversies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>NS has been involved in various controversies.</p> <ul> <li>Technical problems with the high-speed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AnsaldoBreda_V250?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AnsaldoBreda V250">V250</a> trains, which started their services on 29 July 2013, and ended on 17 January 2014, led to the resignation of CEO Bert Meerstadt in June 2016<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a parliamentary investigation in 2016. The High Speed Alliance (HSA), an NS (80%) / <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KLM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="KLM">KLM</a> (20%) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joint_venture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> almost went bankrupt due to the late introduction of the trains in combination with a too high price for the concession which the company paid to the Dutch government. HSA was liquidated in 2017.</li> <li>In 2013, it was revealed that NS had been using a subsidiary in Ireland, NS Financial Services Company (NSFSC), to reduce its tax liability in the Netherlands. The procedure was determined to be lawful, but it was unfavorable for the Dutch taxpayers for a state-owned company to avoid national taxes. From 1998 the NS used the favourable tax climate in Ireland, which resulted in a profit for NS of more than €270 million but a loss to the Dutch state of €21 million in 2012 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corporate_tax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corporate tax">corporate tax</a> rate in Ireland was 12.5%, in the Netherlands 25% at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NS used its Irish subsidiary to buy new trains, among others the high-speed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AnsaldoBreda_V250?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AnsaldoBreda V250">V250</a> trains from the Italian firm <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hitachi_Rail_Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hitachi Rail Italy">AnsaldoBreda</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Dutch Minister of Finance, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeroen_Dijsselbloem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeroen Dijsselbloem">Jeroen Dijsselbloem</a>, wrote to the parliament that NS would stop this tax evasion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most rolling stock was transferred to the Netherlands-based NS Lease in December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NSFSC was wound up in April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2015 it became clear that a subsidiary of NS, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abellio_(transport_company)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abellio (transport company)">Abellio</a>, had shown unfair behaviour about a tendering for public transport in the province of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limburg_(Netherlands)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limburg (Netherlands)">Limburg</a>. The company had obtained confidential information from a competitor, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veolia">Veolia</a>, through a former employee of Veolia who had been hired by Abellio subsidiary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qbuzz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qbuzz">Qbuzz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 June 2015, it became clear that CEO Timo Huges of the NS had given incomplete and incorrect information about the tendering procedure. According to Minister Dijsselbloem, Huges had acted "sloppy, inaccurate and in violation of the law."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, Huges resigned from his position.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Coverage">Coverage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Coverage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Train_routes_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Train routes in the Netherlands">Train routes in the Netherlands</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Railway_stations_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Railway stations in the Netherlands">Railway stations in the Netherlands</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="theader"> Top three busiest railway stations in the Netherlands </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg/200px-Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg/200px-Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg/300px-Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg/400px-Utrecht_Central_station_2018_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utrecht_Centraal_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Utrecht Centraal railway station">Utrecht Centraal</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Amsterdam_(NL),_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Amsterdam_%28NL%29%2C_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg/200px-Amsterdam_%28NL%29%2C_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4259" data-file-height="3190"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Amsterdam_%28NL%29%2C_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg/200px-Amsterdam_%28NL%29%2C_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Amsterdam_%28NL%29%2C_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg/300px-Amsterdam_%28NL%29%2C_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Amsterdam_%28NL%29%2C_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg/400px-Amsterdam_%28NL%29%2C_Centraal_Station_--_2015_--_7269.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam_Centraal_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam Centraal station">Amsterdam Centraal</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_(33453619126).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_%2833453619126%29.jpg/200px-Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_%2833453619126%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5459" data-file-height="3071"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_%2833453619126%29.jpg/200px-Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_%2833453619126%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_%2833453619126%29.jpg/300px-Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_%2833453619126%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_%2833453619126%29.jpg/400px-Rotterdam_Central_station_overview_%2833453619126%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rotterdam_Centraal_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rotterdam Centraal station">Rotterdam Centraal</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>The NS covers most of the country, with almost all cities connected, mostly with a service frequency of two trains an hour or more and at least four trains per hour between all of the largest five cities (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rotterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Hague?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Utrecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eindhoven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a>) as well as some smaller cities (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nijmegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nijmegen">Nijmegen</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amersfoort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amersfoort">Amersfoort</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arnhem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%27s-Hertogenbosch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="'s-Hertogenbosch">'s-Hertogenbosch</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dordrecht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dordrecht">Dordrecht</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leiden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>). From December 2008 train frequencies were increased on the following services: Arnhem–Nijmegen (8 trains per hour) and The Hague–Rotterdam (12 trains per hour), Amsterdam Centraal–Hoofddorp (16 trains per hour). A night train service was added between Utrecht, Gouda and Rotterdam.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trains usually run between 5:00 a.m. and 1:00 a.m. although there is also a nightline which connects major cities in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Randstad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Randstad">Randstad</a> throughout the night, as well as in weekends also some major cities in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Brabant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Brabant">North Brabant</a>.</p> <p>In addition to its domestic services, NS is also a partner (along with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stena_Line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stena Line">Stena Line</a> and British railway company <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater_Anglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater Anglia">Greater Anglia</a>) in the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutchflyer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutchflyer">Dutchflyer</a></i> service. NS has also entered into a partnership with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KLM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="KLM">KLM</a> to operate services on the new <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HSL-Zuid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HSL-Zuid">HSL-Zuid</a> under the name <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intercity_Direct?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intercity Direct">Intercity Direct</a> towards Breda and Brussels. Intercity Direct is part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS International">NS International</a>; other services such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostar">Eurostar</a> to France and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intercity-Express?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity-Express">Intercity-Express</a> to Germany and Switzerland are also part of NS International.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Rail_network">Rail network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Rail network" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_(8641097454).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_%288641097454%29.jpg/220px-3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_%288641097454%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1402"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_%288641097454%29.jpg/220px-3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_%288641097454%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_%288641097454%29.jpg/330px-3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_%288641097454%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_%288641097454%29.jpg/440px-3_op_een_rij_in_Arnhem_%288641097454%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> NS trains at Arnhem Centraal </figcaption> </figure> <p>The <i>hoofdrailnet</i> is the official core internal passenger rail network of the Netherlands. Currently, NS has a concession until 1 January 2034 to provide all passenger services on this network, except that on some stretches there is an overlap with lines for which other operators have a concession. Some of the most notable of these stretches are those from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elst_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elst railway station">Elst railway station</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arnhem_Centraal_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arnhem Centraal railway station">Arnhem Centraal railway station</a>, where NS shares tracks with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arriva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arriva">Arriva</a>, and further on to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arnhem_Velperpoort_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arnhem Velperpoort railway station">Arnhem Velperpoort</a>. Here the tracks are shared by three operators, as Breng, ultimately part of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transdev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transdev">Transdev</a>, operates there in addition to the two previously mentioned operators. Officially the overlaps do not constitute competition on the same lines.</p> <p>The concession was free of charge until 2009, and costs an increasing amount since then, up to €30 million for the year 2014. The concession distinguishes the main stations and other stations. Except on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a>, the main stations have to be served at least twice an hour per direction from 6 a.m. to midnight and the other stations at least once an hour. Exceptions are possible until the start of the next concession.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The next concession period is 2025–2035. For the 2015–2025 concession, requirements include: for every train service where on average more than one-third of the passengers travel longer than 30 minutes, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Passenger_train_toilet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Passenger train toilet">train with a toilet</a> is used, every newly ordered train has a toilet and in 2025 every train has to have a toilet. The last trains on the hoofdrailnet without a toilet were the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_SGMm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NS SGMm">NS SGMm</a> (the so-called classical "Sprinter", retired 2018–21) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sprinter_Lighttrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sprinter Lighttrain">Sprinter Lighttrain</a> (SLT, these trains have since had on-board toilets <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Retrofitted?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrofitted">retrofitted</a>).</p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Types_of_train_service">Types of train service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Types of train service" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_trains_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of trains in the Netherlands">List of trains in the Netherlands</a> </div> <p>NS provides three kinds of train service:</p> <ol> <li>A <b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Sprinter"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Sprinter</span></span></b> stops at all stations, and is mainly used for local traffic. On some smaller lines, though, it is the only kind of service. The name is derived from the 'Sprinter' (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_Class_2900_(Sprinter)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NS Class 2900 (Sprinter)">2900 class</a>) rolling stock; however, the service was sometimes operated using older style rolling stock (such as 'Plan V/T': 400, 500, 800, and 900 class). Since December 2019, all Sprinter services are run exclusively with Sprinter trains.</li> <li><b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Intercity"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Intercity</span></span></b> services only stop at larger stations and were introduced in the 1970s to provide fast train connections throughout the country. Intercity services are operated by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_DDZ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS DDZ">DDZ</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_VIRM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS VIRM">VIRM</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_Intercity_Materieel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS Intercity Materieel">ICM</a> class trains. An exception is the service between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Hague?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eindhoven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a>, which makes use of the high-speed line between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rotterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Breda">Breda</a>, which is run by <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercityrijtuig%23Naar_de_HSL-Zuid/4" class="extiw" title="nl:Intercityrijtuig">modified carriages</a> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alstom_Traxx?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alstom Traxx">TRAXX</a> and the newly built high-speed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_Intercity_Nieuwe_Generatie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS Intercity Nieuwe Generatie">ICNG</a>. When a line is not served by Sprinters, Intercity trains stop at all stations. This takes place on the lines between Alkmaar – Den Helder, Hoorn – Enkhuizen, Zwolle - Deventer and Deurne – Venlo. Between Vlissingen and Roosendaal, one Intercity does only stop on Intercity stations, while the other stops on all stations. See also <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/InterCity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Netherlands" title="InterCity">Intercity services in the Netherlands</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List_of_Dutch_Intercity_stations&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="List of Dutch Intercity stations (page does not exist)">List of Dutch Intercity stations</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/lijst_van_Nederlandse_Intercitystations" class="extiw" title="nl:lijst van Nederlandse Intercitystations">nl</a>]</span>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keolis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keolis">Keolis</a> also runs one Intercity service an hour, between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zwolle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enschede?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enschede">Enschede</a>, the two largest cities in the province of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Overijssel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intercity_Direct?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intercity Direct">Intercity Direct</a> service, which offers faster service between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam_Centraal_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam Centraal station">Amsterdam Centraal</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breda_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Breda railway station">Breda</a> as it makes use of the high-speed line <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HSL-Zuid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HSL-Zuid">HSL-Zuid</a> and calls at only two intermediate stations (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schiphol_Airport_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiphol Airport railway station">Schiphol Airport</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rotterdam_Centraal_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rotterdam Centraal station">Rotterdam Centraal</a>). Unlike other Intercity trains, the Intercity Direct requires payment of a supplement on top of the regular fare (€2.90 during peak hours and €1.74 during off-peak hours) if a passenger's journey involves the high-speed line between Schiphol Airport and Rotterdam Centraal. A regular Intercity service that is free of supplements is still offered. Trains are operated by modified carriages and ICNG.</li> </ol> <p>There are also two former train categories, which are now used only by private operators:</p> <ol> <li><b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Stoptrein"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Stoptrein</span></span></b> (Stopping train): This is the original name for <i>Sprinter</i> trains. Between 2003 and 2013 NS discharged the <i>Stoptrein</i> formula in favour of <i>Sprinter</i>. Private operators do not use <i>Sprinter</i> so this name is still used by NS for private operators, although private operators often use <i>RS,</i> standing for <i>Regionaalsprinter (Regional Sprinter).</i></li> <li><b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509"><span class="vanchor"><span id="Sneltrein"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Sneltrein</span></span></b> (Fast train): <i>Sneltrein</i> (in the English section of the old paper time tables, they were translated as "semi fast train" and were a class between Stoptrein and Intercity) was abandoned by NS in 2008. The NS Sneltrein services were not abandoned, but were called 'Intercity'. Over the years, some became Sprinters (like the services between Leiden and Utrecht), while most services were integrated in the Intercity network (like the service between Lelystad and Dordrecht). As of 2024, private operators use the term, along with the from Germany imported term <i>RE,</i> standing for <i>Regionaalexpress (Regional Express).</i></li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Fares_and_tickets">Fares and tickets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Fares and tickets" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:NS_Dagretour.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/NS_Dagretour.jpg/220px-NS_Dagretour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="593"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/NS_Dagretour.jpg/220px-NS_Dagretour.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/NS_Dagretour.jpg/330px-NS_Dagretour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/NS_Dagretour.jpg/440px-NS_Dagretour.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> A NS Dagretour (one-time chip card), from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rijssen_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rijssen railway station">Rijssen</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Almelo_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Almelo railway station">Almelo</a> and back. </figcaption> </figure> <p>You can travel using contactless payments on all Dutch public transport:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on all domestic trains, metros, trams and busses, nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using contactless payments, you travel 2nd class, regular full price. The price is the same<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as using the anonymous ov-chipcard (see below). You do not need an app or ticket, nor do you have to register or signup to use this. Apple Pay, Google Pay and many contactless debit and credit cards can directly be used.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Travelling using contactless works as following:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the start of your journey, place your smartphone or bank card in front of the reader to check-in. At the end of your journey, or if you transfer, check-out at the same way. If you use a bank card, be sure to remove it from your wallet, to ensure that the system uses the right card. The costs will be shown in your bank transfer statement the next day, along with a website link and code to get your travel itinerary.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OV-chipkaart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OV-chipkaart">OV-chipkaart</a> is another common form of fare payment. Single or return tickets, used by incidental travellers and tourists, are available at ticket machines and service counters at a surcharge of €1. They are a disposable use-once only. It is possible to buy <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E-ticket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="E-ticket">e-tickets</a> online on the Dutch Railways website. E-tickets can also be purchased on the Belgian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nationale_Maatschappij_der_Belgische_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen">NMBS/SNCB B</a>-Europe website. For long-term use, season tickets are available.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Travelling with these cards and tickets, one has to register starting a journey (<i>check-in</i>) and ending it (<i>check out</i>) at the destination. One always has to travel away from the point of one's latest check-in. Thus, in the case of a voluntary detour, one has to check out and check in to register starting a new journey.</p> <p>Travellers need to be aware of the various companies other than the <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Nederlandse Spoorwegen</span></span>. One needs to check out with one company and check in with another on some stations. There is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fares" title="Rail transport in the Netherlands">common tariff system</a> with four smaller passenger train operating companies: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keolis_Nederland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keolis Nederland">Keolis Nederland</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Connexxion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Connexxion">Connexxion</a> in the centre and the east, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veolia_Transport_Nederland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veolia Transport Nederland">Veolia</a> on the 'Maaslijn' and 'Heuvellandlijn' in the southeast, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arriva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arriva">Arriva</a> in the north and most of the east of the country and on the '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merwede-Lingelijn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Merwede-Lingelijn">Merwede-Lingelijn</a>' (from Dordrecht to Geldermalsen).</p> <p>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OV-chipkaart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OV-chipkaart">OV-chipkaart</a> is also used on buses and trams, where hourly tickets are for sale for those who have too little credit to travel but enough cash.<sup id="cite_ref-OV-Chipkaart_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OV-Chipkaart-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Off-peak_discount_passes">Off-peak discount passes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Off-peak discount passes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>NS defines off-peak hours as weekdays from 09:00–16:00 and 18:30–06:30, and on Saturdays and Sundays the whole day. Therefore, the full fare is required on weekdays 06:30–09:00 and 16:00–18:30. With an OV-chipkaart that allows for a discount or free travel, one is automatically granted the discount or free travel at the time of checking in. There are several season tickets available that suit individual preferences.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:NS_Train_Ticket.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NS_Train_Ticket.jpg/220px-NS_Train_Ticket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NS_Train_Ticket.jpg/220px-NS_Train_Ticket.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NS_Train_Ticket.jpg/330px-NS_Train_Ticket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/NS_Train_Ticket.jpg/440px-NS_Train_Ticket.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> NS ticket and supplement (Amsterdam to Rotterdam, with Intercity supplement) </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Logo">Logo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Logo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg/220px-2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg/220px-2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg/330px-2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg/440px-2010.07.20.155651_Logo_Bahnhof_Maastricht.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Logo at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maastricht_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maastricht railway station">Maastricht station</a> in 2010 </figcaption> </figure> <p>The NS <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corporate_logo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate logo">corporate logo</a> was designed in 1968 by Gert Dumbar and Gert-Jan Leuvelink, both of the graphic design company Tel Design. Introduced in that same year, it replaced an earlier design which had been used since 1946. The logo, pervasive within trains and railway stations in the Netherlands, plays a significant part in <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Nederlandse Spoorwegen</span></span>'s signage, promotions, advertising, and graphic design.</p> <p>The logo usually appears in blue or black on a dark yellow or white background. Since its introduction, NS livery has also had this same distinct dark yellow or white colour. The logo is a widened letter 'N' and a sideways (reversed) 'S'-shape. The two arrows in the logo represent the train's movement, and the two lines in the middle represent the track.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Divisions_of_NS">Divisions of NS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Divisions of NS" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_(14487969205).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_%2814487969205%29.jpg/220px-Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_%2814487969205%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4572" data-file-height="2782"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_%2814487969205%29.jpg/220px-Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_%2814487969205%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_%2814487969205%29.jpg/330px-Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_%2814487969205%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_%2814487969205%29.jpg/440px-Elten_ICE3m_4652_NS_uitvoering_zonder_Hi-Speed_%2814487969205%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS International">NS International</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ICE_3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ICE 3">ICE 3</a> in June 2014 </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abellio_(transport_company)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abellio (transport company)">Abellio</a></b> – the subsidiary for operations outside the Netherlands. Abellio has operated franchises in the United Kingdom and Germany.</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> In 2003, Abellio commenced operating its first rail franchise in the United Kingdom, through its 50% shareholding in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serco-Abellio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serco-Abellio">Serco-Abellio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2004 until 2016, Serco-Abellio also operated the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Rail">Northern Rail</a> franchise.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2009, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Travel_London?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Travel London">Travel London</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Travel_Surrey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Travel Surrey">Travel Surrey</a> bus businesses were purchased from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mobico_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mobico Group">National Express</a> and rebranded as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transport_UK_London_Bus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transport UK London Bus">Abellio London</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abellio_Surrey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abellio Surrey">Abellio Surrey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dd> In February 2012, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abellio_Greater_Anglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abellio Greater Anglia">Abellio Greater Anglia</a> commenced operating the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Anglia_franchise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Anglia franchise">Greater Anglia franchise</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in April 2015, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abellio_ScotRail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abellio ScotRail">Abellio ScotRail</a> commenced operating the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ScotRail_(brand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ScotRail (brand)">ScotRail</a> franchise.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Abellio successfully bid to retain the renamed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Anglia_franchise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Anglia franchise">East Anglia franchise</a> until 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abellio partnered with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitsui_Rail_Capital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitsui Rail Capital">Mitsui</a> for both the East Anglia and the West Midlands franchises, the latter also with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Japan Railway Company">JR East</a>. In June 2019 Abellio began operating the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/East_Midlands_Railway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="East Midlands Railway">East Midlands Railway</a> eight-year franchise.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dd> In February 2023 Abellio sold its UK operations to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transport_UK_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transport UK Group">Transport UK Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><b>NS Reizigers (NSR)</b> – NS Travellers, responsible for passenger train services and for employing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Train_driver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Train driver">train drivers</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conductor_(transportation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conductor (transportation)">conductors</a>.</li> <li><b>NS Stations</b> – the result of merging the former : <ul> <li>NS Stations<span class="anchor" id="NS_Stations"></span> – in charge of the operation of all 404 railway stations in the Netherlands, i.e., also those served by other railway companies than NS Reizigers; see also <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Railway_stations_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#NS_division" title="Railway stations in the Netherlands">station facilities</a>.</li> <li>NS Vastgoed – owns 48 km<sup>2</sup> of land, often near stations, and develops and operates these areas as public traffic nodes, offices and apartments.</li> </ul></li> <li><b>NedTrain</b> – <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Train?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Train">train</a> maintenance.</li> <li><b>NS Commercie</b> – product- and customer management (business and product development, marketing, sales and customer service).</li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS International">NS International</a></b> – operator, in conjunction with NS Reizigers and foreign partners, of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thalys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thalys">Thalys</a> (from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amsterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/InterCityExpress?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="InterCityExpress">ICE</a> (to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cologne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankfurt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>), Intercities (to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intercity_Direct?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intercity Direct">Intercity Direct</a> services (to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brussels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> via the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HSL-Zuid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HSL-Zuid">HSL-Zuid</a>) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nightjet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nightjet">Nightjet</a> (to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vienna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innsbruck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>).</li> </ul> <p>In dealing with the general public, these distinctions are not made and the terms <span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Nederlandse Spoorwegen</span></span> and NS are used.</p> <p>NS has contracts with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Connexxion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Connexxion">Connexxion</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veolia_Transport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veolia Transport">BBA, now Veolia Transport</a> for the provision of bus services to replace train services in the case of planned and unplanned cancellations.</p> <p>On 23 July 2010 NS sold Strukton to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Construction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Construction">construction</a> company Oranjewoud N.V.. This concluded a long history of planning, designing and executing track development done by the NS.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Policy">Policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>There is a delay refund scheme entitling passengers to a partial or full refund of the ticket price if a journey is delayed by half an hour or more. The scheme does not apply on short-distance journeys (tickets less than €2.30) and cases in which the delay is the result of planned cancellations that were announced some days in advance. Refunds are, in general, half the ticket price of a one-way trip after a delay of over 30 minutes, and the full ticket price after a delay of one hour or more. That applies to nearly all kinds of tickets. The refund is not considered monetary compensation for lost time but rather as a reduction in charges where poor service has been provided. The system has been improved for holders of some rail passes. Part of the cost of the scheme is paid by ProRail, since they are responsible for part of the delays.</p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tobacco_smoking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tobacco smoking">Tobacco smoking</a> is prohibited both on trains and in stations. Smoking on trains has been prohibited since 2004, with smoking in stations permitted in designated smoking zones, until this too was disallowed in October 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Since June 2003, the sale of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coffee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soft_drink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soft drink">soft drinks</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beer">beer</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandwich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sandwich">sandwiches</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Candy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Candy">candy</a>, etc., has ceased aboard domestic trains. The increasing number of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Servex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Servex">Servex</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Convenience_store?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a> at railway stations and the relatively short duration of most train journeys in the Netherlands have lowered the demand for on-train services. In 2005, a much reduced in-train service of drinks and small snacks has been reintroduced on longer journeys. Now, the RailTender service primarily operates in the intercity trains on the trajectory between Utrecht and Zwolle/Eindhoven, Zwolle and Almere, 's-Hertogenbosch and Nijmegen, Apeldoorn and Amersfoort, Rotterdam and Breda/Roosendaal/Antwerp.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Technological_assistance_for_train_staff">Technological assistance for train staff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Technological assistance for train staff" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>Conductors have a smartphone with a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_transport_timetable?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public transport timetable">timetable</a>, fares information, and a separate card reader to read the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OV-chipkaart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="OV-chipkaart">OV-chipkaart</a>. Train drivers use a tablet with an app called "TimTim" to save energy and keep up with the timetable. The train driver can also see other trains in front or behind their train.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Statistics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li>14.73 billion passenger km per year (2005), which is 30% of the seat km.</li> </ul> <p>In 2018, NS saw its number of passengers increase by nearly 3 percent. On average, 1.3 million people took the train on a weekday, 100.000 more than in 2016 and the over 250 NS train stations are becoming increasingly crowded.</p> <p>Also see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_busiest_railway_stations_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of busiest railway stations in the Netherlands">List of busiest railway stations in The Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Netherlands">Netherlands portal</a></span></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:P_train.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 31px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="31" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/47px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/62px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Trains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Trains">Trains portal</a></span></li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_railway_services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutch railway services">Dutch railway services</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NS_Timetable_2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="NS Timetable 2010">NS Timetable 2010</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rail_transport_by_country?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rail transport by country">Rail transport by country</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rail transport in the Netherlands">Rail transport in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Railway_stations_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Railway stations in the Netherlands">Railway stations in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Train_categories_in_Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Train categories in Europe">Train categories in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Train_routes_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Train routes in the Netherlands">Train routes in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trains_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trains in the Netherlands">Trains in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transport_in_the_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transport in the Netherlands">Transport in the Netherlands</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/synopsis_2015_print_5_.pdf">International Union of Railways Annual Report, 2015.</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Nederlandse_Spoorwegen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nederlandse_Spoorwegen_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630084016/http://www.ns.nl/en/service/annual-report/annual-report-2010">"Annual report 2010"</a>. Nederlandse Spoorwegen. 1 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ns.nl/en/service/annual-report/annual-report-2010">the original</a> on 30 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+report+2010&rft.pub=Nederlandse+Spoorwegen&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ns.nl%2Fen%2Fservice%2Fannual-report%2Fannual-report-2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/db-and-ns-sign-freight-merger.html">DB and NS sign freight merger</a> <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Railway Gazette International">Railway Gazette International</a></i> 1 August 1999</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nos.nl/artikel/2418817-ns-maakt-flink-verlies-door-coronacrisis-nog-steeds-minder-reizigers">"NS maakt flink verlies door coronacrisis, nog steeds minder reizigers"</a>. <i>nos.nl</i> (in Dutch). 25 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nos.nl&rft.atitle=NS+maakt+flink+verlies+door+coronacrisis%2C+nog+steeds+minder+reizigers&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2418817-ns-maakt-flink-verlies-door-coronacrisis-nog-steeds-minder-reizigers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nos.nl/artikel/2450485-ns-snijdt-vanwege-personeelstekort-weer-fors-in-dienstregeling">"NS snijdt vanwege personeelstekort weer fors in dienstregeling"</a>. <i>nos.nl</i> (in Dutch). 31 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nos.nl&rft.atitle=NS+snijdt+vanwege+personeelstekort+weer+fors+in+dienstregeling&rft.date=2022-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2450485-ns-snijdt-vanwege-personeelstekort-weer-fors-in-dienstregeling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625181755/http://www.metronieuws.nl/binnenland/2013/06/ns-topman-bert-meerstadt-stapt-op">"NS-topman Bert Meerstadt stapt op"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.metronieuws.nl/binnenland/2013/06/ns-topman-bert-meerstadt-stapt-op">the original</a> on 25 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NS-topman+Bert+Meerstadt+stapt+op&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metronieuws.nl%2Fbinnenland%2F2013%2F06%2Fns-topman-bert-meerstadt-stapt-op&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.z24.nl/ondernemen/ns-stopt-met-fiscale-truc-treinen-niet-langer-gekocht-door-ierse-dochter-549091">"NS stopt met fiscale truc: treinen niet langer gekocht door Ierse dochter"</a>. 25 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NS+stopt+met+fiscale+truc%3A+treinen+niet+langer+gekocht+door+Ierse+dochter&rft.date=2015-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.z24.nl%2Fondernemen%2Fns-stopt-met-fiscale-truc-treinen-niet-langer-gekocht-door-ierse-dochter-549091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nrcq.nl/2015/03/25/ns-doet-nog-steeds-zaken-via-de-ierse-route">"NS doet nog steeds zaken via de Ierse route"</a>. <i>NRC Q</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRC+Q&rft.atitle=NS+doet+nog+steeds+zaken+via+de+Ierse+route&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrcq.nl%2F2015%2F03%2F25%2Fns-doet-nog-steeds-zaken-via-de-ierse-route&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/business/single-view/view/ns-repatriates-train-leasing.html">NS repatriates train leasing</a> <i>Railway Gazette International</i> 26 February 2018</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/ns-ends-irish-registered-rolling-stock-leasing-activities.html">NS ends Irish-registered leasing activities</a> <i>Railway Gazette International</i> 29 April 2019</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/06/02/limburg-gunt-concessie-openbaar-vervoer-toch-aan-arriva">"Limburg gunt concessie openbaar vervoer aan Arriva"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Limburg+gunt+concessie+openbaar+vervoer+aan+Arriva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2015%2F06%2F02%2Flimburg-gunt-concessie-openbaar-vervoer-toch-aan-arriva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.metronieuws.nl/binnenland/2015/06/nog-meer-problemen-voor-ex-ns-topman-timo-huges">"Nog meer problemen voor ex-NS-topman Timo Huges"</a>. 19 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nog+meer+problemen+voor+ex-NS-topman+Timo+Huges&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metronieuws.nl%2Fbinnenland%2F2015%2F06%2Fnog-meer-problemen-voor-ex-ns-topman-timo-huges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2015/06/05/ns-topman-timo-huges-stapt-op/">"NS-topman Timo Huges stapt op wegens mogelijk machtsmisbruik"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NS-topman+Timo+Huges+stapt+op+wegens+mogelijk+machtsmisbruik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2015%2F06%2F05%2Fns-topman-timo-huges-stapt-op%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.treinreiziger.nl/dienstregeling2009/index.php">www.treinreiziger.nl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211045612/http://www.treinreiziger.nl/dienstregeling2009/index.php">Archived</a> 11 December 2008 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ns.nl/over-ns/nieuwscentrum/persberichten/2011/11/ns-blijft-vervoerder-op-nederlands-hoofdrailnet.html">"Nieuws"</a>. <i>ns.nl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ns.nl&rft.atitle=Nieuws&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ns.nl%2Fover-ns%2Fnieuwscentrum%2Fpersberichten%2F2011%2F11%2Fns-blijft-vervoerder-op-nederlands-hoofdrailnet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mastercard.com/news/europe/en/newsroom/press-releases/en/2023/netherlands-contactless-transit-payments-system/">[1]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ns.nl/en/travel-information/check-in-check-out/debit-card%23:~:text%3DAbout%2520OVpay,joint%2520initiative%2520by%2520all%2520carriers.">[2]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ovpay.nl/en/frequently-asked-questions%23ov-card-cheaper-than-debit-or-cc-card">[3]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ovpay.nl/en/frequently-asked-questions%23what-payment-methods-can-i-use-to-check-in-and-out">https://www.ovpay.nl/en/frequently-asked-questions#what-payment-methods-can-i-use-to-check-in-and-out</a>]</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ovpay.nl/en/how-it-works">[4]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zelfregelen.ovpay.nl/reisoverzicht">[5]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ns.nl/en/season-tickets">Find the season ticket that suits you</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-OV-Chipkaart-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OV-Chipkaart_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ov-chipkaart.nl/everything-about-travelling/different-types-of-passenger/tourists.htm/">"OV-chipkaart (for tourists)"</a>. Trans Link Systems B.V<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OV-chipkaart+%28for+tourists%29&rft.pub=Trans+Link+Systems+B.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ov-chipkaart.nl%2Feverything-about-travelling%2Fdifferent-types-of-passenger%2Ftourists.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ns.nl/en/season-tickets">All 7 season tickets (that allow for discounts)</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dutch and Serco win Merseyrail franchise <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Railway_Magazine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Railway Magazine">The Railway Magazine</a></i> issue 1226 June 2003 page 6</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Serco and NedRailways joint bid secures new Northern franchise <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rail_Express?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail Express">Rail Express</a></i> issue 99 August 2004 page 5</span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202093917/http://www.nationalexpressgroup.com/nx1/media/news/corp_news/pr2009/2009-05-21/">National Express Group plc agreement to sell Travel London</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mobico_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mobico Group">National Express</a> 21 May 2009</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118210918/http://www.abellio.com/pers/?key%3D1000000113%26template%3Duk-pressarchive1%26persitem%3Darchief%26pid%3D2">NedRailways acquisition reinforces long term commitment to UK transport market</a> NedRailways 9 June 2009</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220173221/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/greater-anglia-rail-franchise">Greater Anglia rail franchise announcement</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Department_for_Transport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Department for Transport">Department for Transport</a> 20 October 2011</span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-29531099">Dutch firms wins ScotRail franchise from FirstGroup</a> <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i> 8 October 2014</span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010211046/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/abellio-awarded-scotrail-franchise.html">Abellio awarded ScotRail franchise</a> <i>Railway Gazette International</i> 8 October 2014</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abellio.com/news/abellio-awarded-contract-operate-scotlands-national-railway-scotrail">Abellio awarded contract to operate Scotland's National Railway, ScotRail</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415221031/http://www.abellio.com/news/abellio-awarded-contract-operate-scotlands-national-railway-scotrail">Archived</a> 15 April 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Abellio</span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810080446/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/better-journeys-for-rail-passengers-and-boost-for-derby-train-industry-as-new-east-anglia-franchise-announced">Better journeys for rail passengers and boost for Derby train industry as new East Anglia franchise announced</a> Department for Transport 10 August 2016</span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-49352780">Dutch firm Abellio takes over East Midlands rail franchise</a> <i>BBC News</i> 18 August 2019</span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301074525/https://www.abellio.com/news/abellio-uk-to-be-renamed-transport-uk-group">"Abellio UK to be renamed Transport UK Group as management buyout deal completes"</a>. <i>Abellio.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abellio.com/news/abellio-uk-to-be-renamed-transport-uk-group">the original</a> on 1 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abellio.com&rft.atitle=Abellio+UK+to+be+renamed+Transport+UK+Group+as+management+buyout+deal+completes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abellio.com%2Fnews%2Fabellio-uk-to-be-renamed-transport-uk-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeakin2023" class="citation web cs1">Deakin, Tim (28 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.route-one.net/news/transport-uk-group-mbo-of-abellio-uk-completes/">"Transport UK Group MBO of Abellio UK completes"</a>. <i>routeone.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301162927/https://www.route-one.net/news/transport-uk-group-mbo-of-abellio-uk-completes/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=routeone.net&rft.atitle=Transport+UK+Group+MBO+of+Abellio+UK+completes&rft.date=2023-02-28&rft.aulast=Deakin&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.route-one.net%2Fnews%2Ftransport-uk-group-mbo-of-abellio-uk-completes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/ns-agrees-to-sell-strukton.html">"NS agrees to sell Strukton"</a>. <i>Railway Gazette International</i>. 29 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Railway+Gazette+International&rft.atitle=NS+agrees+to+sell+Strukton&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaygazette.com%2Fnews%2Fsingle-view%2Fview%2Fns-agrees-to-sell-strukton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oranjewoudnv.nl/onze-missie">Oranjewoud N.V.</a>, the holding company that owns Strukton.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nos.nl/artikel/2320938-roken-en-verkoop-van-tabak-op-treinstations-in-de-ban">"Roken en verkoop van tabak op treinstations in de ban"</a>. <i>nos.nl</i> (in Dutch). 30 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nos.nl&rft.atitle=Roken+en+verkoop+van+tabak+op+treinstations+in+de+ban&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2320938-roken-en-verkoop-van-tabak-op-treinstations-in-de-ban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nltimes.nl/2019/07/04/dutch-railway-handles-13-million-travelers-per-working-day"><i>DUTCH RAILWAY HANDLES 1.3 MILLION TRAVELERS PER WORKING DAY</i></a></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Johnston, Howard (18–31 May 1989). "A brief guide to the NS". <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rail_(magazine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rail (magazine)">Rail</a></i>. No. 96. EMAP National Publications. NS 150 special supplement. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0953-4563">0953-4563</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49953699">49953699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rail&rft.atitle=A+brief+guide+to+the+NS&rft.issue=96&rft.pages=NS+150+special+supplement&rft.date=1989-05-18%2F1989-05-31&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49953699&rft.issn=0953-4563&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nsjaarverslag.nl/FbContent.ashx/pub_1000/downloads/v1804191110/NS_annualreport_2017.pdf">"NS Annual Report 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Annual Report in English</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Annual+Report+in+English&rft.atitle=NS+Annual+Report+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsjaarverslag.nl%2FFbContent.ashx%2Fpub_1000%2Fdownloads%2Fv1804191110%2FNS_annualreport_2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANederlandse+Spoorwegen" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nederlandse_Spoorwegen&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="16" 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</div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%25BE%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D9%2586" title="ندرلندس اسپوروگن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ندرلندس اسپوروگن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%2584%25A4%25EB%258D%259C%25EB%259E%2580%25EB%2593%259C_%25EC%25B2%25A0%25EB%258F%2584" title="네덜란드 철도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네덜란드 철도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AA%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2580%25E9%2589%2584%25E9%2581%2593" title="オランダ鉄道 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オランダ鉄道" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258D%25B7%25E8%2598%25AD%25E9%2590%25B5%25E8%25B7%25AF" title="荷蘭鐵路 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="荷蘭鐵路" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 26 October 2024, at 04:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless 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