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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=M%C3%BCnchen&returntoquery=section%3D20%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=M%C3%BCnchen&returntoquery=section%3D20%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=M%C3%BCnchen&returntoquery=section%3D20%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=M%C3%BCnchen&returntoquery=section%3D20%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vroeë geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middeleeue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middeleeue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Middeleeue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middeleeue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vroeë_moderne_tydperk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_moderne_tydperk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Vroeë moderne tydperk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_moderne_tydperk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19de_tot_21ste_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19de_tot_21ste_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>19de tot 21ste eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19de_tot_21ste_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Ekonomie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomiese_krag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiese_krag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ekonomiese krag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiese_krag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arbeidsmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arbeidsmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Arbeidsmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arbeidsmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koopkrag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koopkrag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Koopkrag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koopkrag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kultuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Kultuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italianità_bavarese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italianità_bavarese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Italianità bavarese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italianità_bavarese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Onderwys</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Onderwys-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Onderwys subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universiteite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universiteite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Universiteite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universiteite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sportgeriewe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sportgeriewe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sportgeriewe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sportgeriewe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Susterstede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Susterstede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Susterstede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Susterstede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">München</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 190 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-190" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">190 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%99%E1%8A%92%E1%8A%AD" title="ሙኒክ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሙኒክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAnich" title="Múnich – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Múnich" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynecen" title="Mynecen – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mynecen" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AE" title="ميونخ – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميونخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="ميونيخ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميونيخ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnxen" title="Münxen – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Münxen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="مونیخ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مونیخ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minga" title="Minga – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Minga" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mionchens" title="Mionchens – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mionchens" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мюнхэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мюнхэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%96" title="মিউনিখ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিউনিখ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAnic" title="Múnic – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Múnic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Муьнхен – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Муьнхен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen_(munisipyo_sa_Alemanya)" title="München (munisipyo sa Alemanya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="München (munisipyo sa Alemanya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86" title="میونشن – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میونشن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monacu_di_Baviera" title="Monacu di Baviera – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Monacu di Baviera" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnhen" title="Münhen – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Münhen" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnichov" title="Mnichov – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mnichov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munix" title="Munix – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Munix" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96" title="म्युनिख – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="म्युनिख" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF" title="Μόναχο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόναχο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2nag_%27d_Bav%C3%A9ra" title="Mònag 'd Bavéra – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mònag 'd Bavéra" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munkeno" title="Munkeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Munkeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAnich" title="Múnich – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Múnich" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAnich" title="Múnich – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Múnich" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="مونیخ – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مونیخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Fidjiaans" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidjiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAnic" title="Múnic – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Múnic" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAnichi" title="Múnichi – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Múnichi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌽 – Goties" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌹𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Goties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munike" title="Munike – Hawais" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Munike" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%9F" title="מינכן – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מינכן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96" title="म्यूनिख – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="म्यूनिख" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnichow" title="Mnichow – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Mnichow" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AD%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Մյունխեն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մյունխեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AD" title="Միւնիխ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Միւնիխ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_di_Baviera" title="Monaco di Baviera – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monaco di Baviera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%98%E3%83%B3" title="ミュンヘン – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミュンヘン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მიუნხენი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიუნხენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myunxen" title="Myunxen – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Myunxen" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myunix" title="Myunix – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Myunix" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯೂನಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AE%8C%ED%97%A8" title="뮌헨 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뮌헨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Keuls" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Keuls" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%C3%AEh" title="Munîh – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Munîh" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monacum" title="Monacum – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Monacum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monego_de_Bav%C3%AAa" title="Monego de Bavêa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Monego de Bavêa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minca" title="Minca – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Minca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monegh_de_Baviera" title="Monegh de Baviera – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Monegh de Baviera" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miunchenas" title="Miunchenas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miunchenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhene" title="Minhene – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Minhene" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhene" title="Minhene – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Minhene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мюнхэн – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мюнхэн" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Минхен – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Минхен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മ്യൂണിക്ക് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മ്യൂണിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯃꯨꯅꯤꯛ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯨꯅꯤꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="म्युन्शेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="म्युन्शेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мӱнхен – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мӱнхен" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="မြူးနစ်ချ်မြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြူးနစ်ချ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мюнхен ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мюнхен ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="مونیخ – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مونیخ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_%27e_Baviera" title="Monaco 'e Baviera – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Monaco 'e Baviera" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96" title="म्युनिख – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="म्युनिख" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96" title="म्युनिख – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्युनिख" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munic" title="Munic – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Munic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC" title="ਮਿਊਨਿਖ਼ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਊਨਿਖ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monachium" title="Monachium – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monachium" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B9nich" title="Mùnich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Mùnich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AE" title="میونخ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میونخ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munique" title="Munique – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Munique" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minca" title="Minca – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Minca" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menix" title="Menix – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Menix" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Мнихів – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мнихів" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мүнхэн – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мүнхэн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2nacu_de_Baviera" title="Mònacu de Baviera – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mònacu de Baviera" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2nacu_di_Baviera" title="Mònacu di Baviera – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mònacu di Baviera" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AE" title="ميونخ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميونخ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myunix" title="Myunix – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Myunix" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mn%C3%ADchov" title="Mníchov – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mníchov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynihu" title="Mynihu – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mynihu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Минхен – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Минхен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="மியூனிக் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மியூனிக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munike" title="Munike – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Munike" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="มิวนิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มิวนิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BDunhen" title="Mýunhen – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Mýunhen" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munhen" title="Munhen – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Munhen" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnih" title="Münih – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Münih" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мүнхен – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мүнхен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Toemboeka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Toemboeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myunx%C3%A9n" title="Myunxén – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Myunxén" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мюнхен – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мюнхен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AE" title="میونخ – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میونخ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco_de_Baviera" title="Monaco de Baviera – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Monaco de Baviera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnhen" title="Münhen – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Münhen" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91" title="慕尼黑 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="慕尼黑" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მიუნხენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მიუნხენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="מינכען – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מינכען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Munich" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91" title="慕尼黑 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="慕尼黑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91" title="慕尼黑 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="慕尼黑" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="München" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91" title="慕尼黑 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="慕尼黑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1726#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:M%C3%BCnchen" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;"> <p><b>München</b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Munich_montage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Munich_montage.png/280px-Munich_montage.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Munich_montage.png/420px-Munich_montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Munich_montage.png 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="740" /></a></span> </p> </th></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999"> <td><b>Kaart</b> </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><b>Wapen</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white"> <td rowspan="6"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Locator_map_M_(town)_in_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Locator_map_M_%28town%29_in_Germany.svg/180px-Locator_map_M_%28town%29_in_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Locator_map_M_%28town%29_in_Germany.svg/270px-Locator_map_M_%28town%29_in_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Locator_map_M_%28town%29_in_Germany.svg/360px-Locator_map_M_%28town%29_in_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1075" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:DEU_M%C3%BCnchen_gross_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DEU_M%C3%BCnchen_gross_COA.svg/75px-DEU_M%C3%BCnchen_gross_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DEU_M%C3%BCnchen_gross_COA.svg/113px-DEU_M%C3%BCnchen_gross_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DEU_M%C3%BCnchen_gross_COA.svg/150px-DEU_M%C3%BCnchen_gross_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"><b>Vlag</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Munich_(striped).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Munich_%28striped%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Munich_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Munich_%28striped%29.svg/135px-Flag_of_Munich_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Munich_%28striped%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Munich_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b><a href="/wiki/Land" title="Land">Land</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b><a href="/wiki/Deelstate_van_Duitsland" title="Deelstate van Duitsland">Deelstaat</a></b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Bavaria_(lozengy).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28lozengy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Beiere" title="Beiere">Beiere</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Koördinate</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=M%C3%BCnchen&language=af&params=48_08_N_11_35_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">48°08′N</span> <span class="longitude">11°35′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">48.133°N 11.583°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.133; 11.583</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Stigting</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">14 Junie 1158 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Stadstatus</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">1175 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a>:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Totaal </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">310,7 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vk km</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Hoogte bo seevlak</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">519 m </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Bevolking:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Totaal (31 Desember 2019) </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">1 484 226<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Bevolkingsdigtheid </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">4 777/vk km </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Metropolitaanse gebied </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">2 700 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td> - <i>Metropolregion</i> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">6 000 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Tydsone</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +1 (MET) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> - <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +2 (MEST) </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Klimaat</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">  </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Tipe </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Gematigde klimaat </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gemiddelde jaarlikse temperatuur </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">8,9 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gem. temp. Januarie/Julie </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">−1,8 / 17,5 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td> - Gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslae </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">960,2 mm </td></tr> <tr> <td> <b>Burgemeester</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Dieter Reiter (SPD) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td> <b>Amptelike Webwerf</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenchen.de/"><i>muenchen.de</i></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>München</b> (<a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>: [ˈmʏnçən] <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Muenchentitle.ogg" class="internal" title="Muenchentitle.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Muenchentitle.ogg" title="Lêer:Muenchentitle.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Beiers" title="Beiers">Beiers</a>: <i>Minga</i> [ˈmɪŋ(ː)ɐ], <a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a>: <i>Monacum</i>, <a href="/wiki/Byvoeglike_naamwoord" title="Byvoeglike naamwoord">byvoeglike naamwoord</a>: <i>monacensis</i>) aan die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Isarrivier</a> is die hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitse</a> deelstaat <a href="/wiki/Beiere" title="Beiere">Vrystaat Beiere</a>. Met 'n bevolking van 1,48 miljoen en 'n oppervlakte van meer as 310 km² is München die grootste stedelike nedersetting in dié deelstaat volgens sy inwonertal en sy oppervlakte, asook die derde grootste stad in Duitsland ná <a href="/wiki/Berlyn" title="Berlyn">Berlyn</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> en die dertiende grootste stedelike nedersetting in die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a>. Vanweë sy kleiner oppervlakte in vergelyking met ander Duitse metropole word München deur 'n relatief hoë bevolkingsdigtheid gekenmerk. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Highlight_Towers_Munich_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Highlight_Towers_Munich_2014.jpg/220px-Highlight_Towers_Munich_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Highlight_Towers_Munich_2014.jpg/330px-Highlight_Towers_Munich_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Highlight_Towers_Munich_2014.jpg/440px-Highlight_Towers_Munich_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3531" /></a><figcaption><i>HighLight Towers</i> in Schwabing, 'n gebouekompleks van staal en glas met twee wolkekrabbers. Die 9de, 10de en 20ste verdieping van die twee torings word deur drie brûe, wat ewenens uit staal en glas bestaan, met mekaar verbind<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Die sogenaamde <i>Metropolregion München</i>, wat naas München se metropolitaanse gebied ook stede soos <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>, Landshut, Rosenheim, Kaufbeuren en omliggende landelike distrikte insluit, het 'n oppervlakte van 27 700 vierkante kilometer en 'n bevolking van sowat ses miljoen. </p><p>Die stad is 'n kulturele sentrum met universiteite, talle historiese geboue en meer as 12 000 ondernemings in die media- en rolprentbedryf. Sedert die sewentigerjare het die stad tot een van die welvarendstes in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> ontwikkel; die stad huisves 'n bloeiende <a href="/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie">ekonomie</a> met groot transnasionale korporasies soos Siemens, <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>, MAN en Allianz. Ander belangrike nywerhede is in die <a href="/wiki/Lug-_en_ruimtevaart" title="Lug- en ruimtevaart">lug- en ruimtevaart</a>, brouerye, elektroniese ingenieurswese en wetenskaplike gereedskap. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Isar_Munich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Isar_Munich.jpg/250px-Isar_Munich.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Isar_Munich.jpg/375px-Isar_Munich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Isar_Munich.jpg/500px-Isar_Munich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Die Isarrivier</figcaption></figure> <p>München vorm een van die 23 <i>Oberzentren</i> (belangrike administratiewe, ekonomiese en kulturele sentrums) van die Vrystaat Beiere. Met 4 307 inwoners per vierkante kilometer het München die hoogste bevolkingsdigtheid van alle Duitse stede met meer as 100 000 inwoners. </p><p>Die hoogste bergpiek in die stadsgebied is die Warnberg op 579 meter bo <a href="/wiki/Seevlak" title="Seevlak">seevlak</a>, die laagste punt lê in die stadswyk Feldmoching (482 meter bo seevlak). </p><p>Die Isarrivier vloei oor 'n lengte van 13,7 kilometer vanuit die suidweste in noordoostelike rigting deur die stadsgebied; sy bekendste eilande is die Museumeiland met die Duitse Museum en die nabygeleë Pratereiland. 'n Aantal bekende mere is in die omgewing van München geleë, waaronder die Ammer-, Wörth- en Starnbergmeer. </p><p>München beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 310,7 vierkante kilometer en is ten opsigte van sy oppervlakte die sesde grootste stad in Duitsland na Berlyn, Hamburg, <a href="/wiki/Keulen" title="Keulen">Keulen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:StarnbergerSee02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/StarnbergerSee02.jpg/250px-StarnbergerSee02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/StarnbergerSee02.jpg/375px-StarnbergerSee02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/StarnbergerSee02.jpg/500px-StarnbergerSee02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="797" /></a><figcaption>Die Starnbergse Meer in die omgewing van München met die <a href="/wiki/Zugspitze" title="Zugspitze">Zugspitze</a>, Duitsland se hoogste bergpiek, in die agtergrond</figcaption></figure> <p>München lê in die oorgangsgebied tussen die vogtige Atlantiese en die droë kontinentale klimaat. Ander belangrike invloedfaktore ten opsigte van weersomstandighede in München is die <a href="/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe">Alpe</a> as die <a href="/wiki/Sentraal-Europa" title="Sentraal-Europa">Sentraal-Europese</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Donau" title="Donau">Donaurivier</a> as die plaaslike weerkundige grens. Hierdie konstellasie het 'n wisselvallige weer tot gevolg. Die temperatuurskommelings tussen dag en nag en tussen somer en winter is soms baie groot. </p><p>Die winters duur van Desember tot Maart en is relatief koud met 'n gemiddelde temperatuur van −2 °C in Januarie. Sneeuval kom dikwels voor. Die somers in München duur van Mei tot September en is gewoonlik warm met 'n gemiddelde temperatuur van 19 °C in Julie, die warmste maand van die jaar. </p><p>Die föhn ('n warm val- of <a href="/wiki/Bergwind" title="Bergwind">bergwind</a>) bring dwarsdeur die jaar skielik warm en droë lugstromings na München en verander weerstoestande binne enkele ure heeltemaal, maar dra ook by tot die uitstekende sig oor groot afstande (die Beierse Alpe kan danksy die föhnweer dikwels vanuit München gesien word) en die beroemde blou Beierse hemel. </p><p>Die hoogste temperatuur wat ooit in die Duitse Weerdiens se amptelike weerstasie in München-Nymphenburg aangeteken is, was 35,8 °C. Beiere is die Duitse deelstaat met die meeste donderbuie, en ook München word soms deur 'n swaar onweer soos dié van 12 Julie 1984 getref toe 'n haelstorm met sterk wind skade van 3 miljard DM (1,5 miljard €) aangerig het. Vanweë München se ligging naby die Alpe word hier ook meer sneeuvalle as in ander groot Duitse stede aangeteken. </p><p>Volgens weerkundige statistiek is die suidelike stadsgebied die sonnigste deel van München, terwyl die noordelike buurte meer newel kry. Die westelike dele is droër as die ooste van München. Hierdie verskillende mikroklimate word onder meer deur die topografie en die Isar se rivierloop beïnvloed. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Weergegewens vir München 1981–2010 (uiterstes 1954–<i>hede</i>)</span> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="Januarie" style="width:3em">Jan </th> <th title="Februarie" style="width:3em">Feb </th> <th title="Maart" style="width:3em">Mar </th> <th title="April" style="width:3em">Apr </th> <th title="Mei" style="width:3em">Mei </th> <th title="Junie" style="width:3em">Jun </th> <th title="Julie" style="width:3em">Jul </th> <th title="Augustus" style="width:3em">Aug </th> <th title="September" style="width:3em">Sep </th> <th title="Oktober" style="width:3em">Okt </th> <th title="November" style="width:3em">Nov </th> <th title="Desember" style="width:3em">Des </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee; white-space:nowrap;">Hoogste maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">32,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">31,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">35,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">37,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">37,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">31,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,7 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">37,5 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">23,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,2 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">13,9 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde temperatuur (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,3 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">9,7 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−2,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−1,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−1,2 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">5,9 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Laagste minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0060FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">−22,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0040FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">−25,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #00A0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−16,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #80FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−6,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−2,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−4,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #20C0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−11,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0060FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−20,7 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #0040FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">−25,4 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Neerslag (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">48,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">46,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">65,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">65,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #283CFF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">101,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #1428FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">118,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">122,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #1428FF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">115,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">75,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">65,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">61,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">65,0 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">944,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Sonskynure (<a href="/wiki/Uur" title="Uur">u</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">79 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">96 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">133 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">170 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">209 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">210 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">238 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">220 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">163 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">125 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">75 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">59 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>148,4</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"><i>Bron: Deutscher Wetterdienst,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sklima.de (uiterstes)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Augsburger_schied_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Augsburger_schied_02.jpg/250px-Augsburger_schied_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Augsburger_schied_02.jpg/375px-Augsburger_schied_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Augsburger_schied_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Die eerste verwysing ná München (<i>munichen</i>) in die <i>Augsburger Schied</i> van 14 Junie 1158</figcaption></figure> <p>Die naam München word gewoonlik uitgelê as <i>bei den Mönchen</i> ("by die monnike") en afgelei van die Latynse verwysing <i>apud Munichen</i> in die eerste historiese dokument uit die jaar 1158. <i>Munichen</i> gaan waarskynlik terug op die <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Oudhoogduitse</a> vorm <i>munich</i> ("monnik"). Reeds voor die stigting van München het sedert die 8ste eeu 'n afstigting van die klooster Tegernsee by die Petersberg in die huidige stadsgebied bestaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_geskiedenis"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_geskiedenis"></span>Vroeë geskiedenis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Argeologiese opgrawings in die geskiedkundige stadsentrum dui daarop dat die eerste menslike nedersettings reeds teen die einde van die Jonger Steentydperk (omtrent 2000 v.C.) ontstaan het. Die enigste heuwel in die middestad, Petersbergl, was dan ook die bakermat van die huidige stad. Onder die kerk Sankt Peter op die Petersbergl het argeoloë 'n gewelfde kamer ontdek wat uit die Voor-Merowingiese tydperk tussen die antieke oudheid en die vroeë <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> dateer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Middeleeue" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Middeleeue"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:M%C3%BCnchen_-_Marienplatz_(Luftbild).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Marienplatz_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/250px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Marienplatz_%28Luftbild%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Marienplatz_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/375px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Marienplatz_%28Luftbild%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Marienplatz_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/500px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Marienplatz_%28Luftbild%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Die kerkgebou van Sankt Peter met sy toring <i>Alter Peter</i> (links) is vandag vlakby die <i>Marienplatz</i> geleë</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower.jpg/250px-Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower.jpg/375px-Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower.jpg/500px-Frauenkirche_Munich_-_View_from_Peterskirche_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2494" /></a><figcaption>Die Frauenkirche, soos gesien vanuit die kerk Sankt Peter</figcaption></figure> <p>Aangesien geen presiese datums ten opsigte van die eerste nedersettings beskikbaar is nie, is die jaar van die eerste historiese verwysing na München as sy stigtingsjaar aanvaar: 'n Dokument uit die jaar 1158 verwys na die <i>Villa Munichen</i> en 'n brug oor die Isar (naby die huidige <i>Ludwigsbrücke</i> en die Isar-eilande) wat Hendrik die Leeu, hertog van Beiere en Sakse, naby die monniksdorp rondom die Sint-Pieterskerk laat oprig het. Tevore het die hertog 'n brug naby Oberföhring, wat verder noordwaarts geleë was en aan die biskop van Freising behoort het, verniel, om self voordeel te trek uit die winsgewende southandel met die stad Augsburg. Danksy die nuwe brug en die southandel het keiser Frederik Barbarossa op die Ryksdag van Augsburg die mark-, munt- en doeanereg aan München toegeken. Net twintig jaar later het München in 1175 ook stadstatus verkry en sy eerste versterking gebou. </p><p>Toe hertog Hendrik in 1180 deur die keiser geban is, het Beiere onder die heerskappy van die huis Wittelsbach en die biskop van Freising gekom. In 1240 het ook München 'n besitting van die Wittelsbach-dinastie en in reeds in 1255 – ná die eerste opsplitsing van die hertogdom – die hertoglike hoofstad geword. </p><p>In 1314 is hertog Lodewyk IV as koning van die Duitse Ryk en in 1328 ook as keiser gekroon, en München is as sy regeringsetel aansienlik uitgebrei en van 'n nuwe stadsmuur voorsien. Sedert hierdie tydperk gebruik München in sy heraldiek ook die kleure van die ou <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Heilige Romeinse Ryk">Heilige Romeinse Ryk</a> – swart en goud. </p><p>Vanaf die laat 14de eeu het die burgery van München verskeie kere in opstand teen die hertoë gekom wat hulle regeringsetel vanuit die <i>Alter Hof</i> na 'n nuwe gebou aan die stadsrand verskuif het. Vanweë die bedreiging deur Hussiete is die stadsmuur in 1429 met 'n nuwe buitemuur versterk. In 1442 is alle Joodse burgers uit München verdryf. Die hoeksteen van die nuwe Vrouekerk (<i>Frauenkirche</i>) is in 1468 gelê, en die kerk is slegs twintig jaar later voltooi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_moderne_tydperk"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_moderne_tydperk"></span>Vroeë moderne tydperk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë moderne tydperk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Vroeë moderne tydperk"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Muenchen_merian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Muenchen_merian.jpg/250px-Muenchen_merian.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Muenchen_merian.jpg/375px-Muenchen_merian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Muenchen_merian.jpg/500px-Muenchen_merian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>München in 1642. Gravure deur Mathhäus Merian</figcaption></figure> <p>Ná sy nuwe kulturele bloeitydperk in die Laat-Gotiese periode is München ná die hereniging van Beiere deur Albrecht IV in 1506 tot hoofstad van die hele land verklaar. In die volgende dekades het die burgery hul invloed op die plaaslike politiek geleidelik kwytgeraak, en die ontwikkeling van München is deur die Wittelsbach-dinastie oorheers. Die stad het onder die heerskappy van Willem IV en Albrecht V tot 'n sentrum van die Renaissance en Kontrareformasie ontwikkel. In 1589 het Wilhelm V die beroemde brouery <i>Hofbräuhaus</i> gestig. </p><p>Onder hertog Maximiliaan I van Beiere het München in 1623 die setel van die keurvorstelike hof geword. Slegs nege jaar later is die stad tydens die woelinge van die <a href="/wiki/Dertigjarige_Oorlog" title="Dertigjarige Oorlog">Dertigjarige Oorlog</a> deur Sweedse troepe beset en moes 'n hoë losprys betaal en gyselaars beskikbaar gestel word om aan die dreigende verwoesting te ontkom. Nogtans is München 'n ruk later deur 'n pesepidemie getref waaraan sowat 'n derde van die bevolking beswyk het. Ná die oorlog het München vinnig herstel en het danksy die invloed van keurvors Ferdinand Maria 'n sentrum van die Italiaanse Barokstyl in Duitsland geword. </p><p>In 1704 het München tydens die Spaanse Opvolgingsoorlog enkele jare lank onder die bewind van die huis Habsburg gekom, aangesien keurvors Maximiliaan II Emanuel 'n bondgenoot van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> was. 'n Opstand van plaaslike burgers en boere is in die sogenaamde <i>Sendlinger Mordweihnacht</i> ("Moordkersfees van Sendling") bloedig afgeweer. Nadat keurvors Karel Albrecht tot Duitse keiser gekroon is, het Habsburgse troepe die stad in 1742 weereens twee jaar lank beset. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_M%C3%BCnchen_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_M%C3%BCnchen_2006.jpg/250px-Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_M%C3%BCnchen_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_M%C3%BCnchen_2006.jpg/375px-Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_M%C3%BCnchen_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_M%C3%BCnchen_2006.jpg/500px-Maximilianstra%C3%9Fe_M%C3%BCnchen_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1985" /></a><figcaption>Die winkelstraat Maximilianstraße in 2006</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:MunichOlympiadorfFromOlympiaturn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/MunichOlympiadorfFromOlympiaturn.jpg/250px-MunichOlympiadorfFromOlympiaturn.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/MunichOlympiadorfFromOlympiaturn.jpg/375px-MunichOlympiadorfFromOlympiaturn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/MunichOlympiadorfFromOlympiaturn.jpg/500px-MunichOlympiadorfFromOlympiaturn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Die Olimpiese kwartier van 1972</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Munich_Airport_Aerial_View_T1_T2_MAC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Munich_Airport_Aerial_View_T1_T2_MAC.jpg/250px-Munich_Airport_Aerial_View_T1_T2_MAC.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Munich_Airport_Aerial_View_T1_T2_MAC.jpg/375px-Munich_Airport_Aerial_View_T1_T2_MAC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Munich_Airport_Aerial_View_T1_T2_MAC.jpg/500px-Munich_Airport_Aerial_View_T1_T2_MAC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="1324" /></a><figcaption>Die Franz Josef Strauß-lughawe is net buite München geleë</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Stadtbild_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stadtbild_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg/250px-Stadtbild_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stadtbild_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg/375px-Stadtbild_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Stadtbild_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg/500px-Stadtbild_M%C3%BCnchen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4861" data-file-height="3285" /></a><figcaption>München se binnestad in 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>Maximiliaan III het die beleid van sy voorgangers, wat van Beiere 'n Europese <a href="/wiki/Groot_moondheid" title="Groot moondheid">groot moondheid</a> wou maak, uiteindelik laat vaar en hom met binnelandse hervorming besig gehou. Danksy sy inisaitief is die Beierse Akademie van Wetenskappe in 1759 in München gestig. In 1789 is die bekende Engelse Tuin van München in opdrag van Karel Theodor aangelê en die Middeleeuse versterkings afgebreek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19de_tot_21ste_eeu">19de tot 21ste eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: 19de tot 21ste eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: 19de tot 21ste eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alhoewel München reeds sedert 1328 as keiserlike setel gefungeer het, het sy vinnige groei tot 'n beduidende <a href="/wiki/Metropool" title="Metropool">metropool</a> eers 450 jaar later 'n aanvang geneem. Hierdie groei is in 1806 verder versterk toe München tot hoofstad van die Napoleonse Koninkryk Beiere verklaar is. Terwyl daar in 1700 slegs 24 000 inwoners was, het die bevolking nou elke dertig jaar verdubbel. In 1871 het die bevolking tot 170 000 en in 1933 tot 840 000 inwoners gegroei. </p><p>Onder die regering van koning Lodewyk I van Beiere (1825–1848) het München tot 'n belangrike kunssentrum ontwikkel. Die Klassistiese argitekte Leo von Klenze en Friedrich von Gärtner het die <i>Ludwigstraße</i>, die Koninklike Plein (Königsplatz) en die uitbreiding van die koninklike woonplek beplan. Lodewyk se seun Max II (1848–1864) het veral die geesteswetenskappe bevorder, maar ook 'n aantal bekende geboue in die nuwe Maximiliaanse styl laat oprig soos die geboue in die <i>Maximilianstraße</i>, wat vandag as een van die mees eksklusiewe en duurste winkelstrate in Europa bekend staan. </p><p>Onder sy broer, prins-regent Luitpold (1886–1912), het München 'n ongekende ekonomiese en kulturele oplewing beleef. In hierdie periode het die <i>Prinzregentenstraße</i> en die <i>Prinzregententheater</i> ontstaan. Die stadsbuurt Schwabing het met die eeuwisseling sy bloeitydperk as 'n belangrike kunstenaarsbuurt beleef wat 'n groot aantal belangrike skrywers en skilders gelok het. Die plaaslike tydskrif <i>Die Jugend</i>, wat sy naam aan die <i><a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a></i> (omtrent 1895 tot 1905, dit staan ook bekend as Art Nouveau, <a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Fin_de_si%C3%A8cle" title="Fin de siècle">Fin de siècle</a></i>) verleen het, is vir die eerste keer in 1896 uitgegee. Die kunstenaarsvereniging <i>Der Blaue Reiter</i> is in 1911 gestig. In sy verhaal <i>Gladius Dei</i> het die beroemde Duitse skrywer <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a> na hierdie tydperk met die gevleuelde woord <i>München leuchtet</i> ("München skyn") verwys. </p><p>Gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> het die drie Franse lugaanvalle, wat in 1916 op München geloods is,min skade berokken, alhoewel die bevolking onder voedseltekorte gely het. Die monargie is ná die oorlog afgeskaf, en in 1919 was daar selfs 'n poging om 'n kommunistiese republiek te stig. </p><p>München was in die volgende jare 'n bakermat van Nasionaal-sosialistiese denke en aktiwiteite. Reeds in 1923 het <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> met sy "Mars op die Feldherrnhalle" gepoog om die Beierse regering met 'n staatsgreep omver te werp. München het egter steeds as die amptelike setel van die Nazi-party <a href="/wiki/Nasionaal-Sosialistiese_Duitse_Werkersparty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasionaal-Sosialistiese Duitse Werkersparty">NSdAP</a> gedien en is deur Hitler in 1935 tot die "Hoofstad van die Beweging" verklaar. </p><p>Nogtans is München in 1933 net soos ander Duitse stede en gebiede gelykgeskakel, en daar was planne om die stad op 'n grootskaalse manier volgens planne van die argitek Hermann Giesler te herbou. </p><p>In 1938 is die Ooreenkoms van München gesluit waarvolgens die Tsjeggo-Slowaakse Sudeteland, 'n gebied met 'n Duitssprekende meerderheid, by die Duitse Ryk ingelyf is. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> is München in 71 geallieerde lugaanvalle verwoes. </p><p>Die heropbou ná die oorlog is volgens geskiedkundige bouplanne deurgevoer. München het vinnig tot 'n sentrum van hoëtegnologie ontwikkel en ook talle maatskappye uit die dienstesektor gelok soos media-ondernemings, banke en assuransies. Met sy groot aantal argitektoniese besienswaardighede en museums het die stad ook een van die belangrikste toeristebestemmings in Duitsland geword. </p><p>München het in 1972 as die gasheerstad van die <a href="/wiki/Olimpiese_Somerspele_1972" title="Olimpiese Somerspele 1972">20ste Olimpiese Spele</a> opgetree wat deur 'n Palestynse terreuraanval en gyselaarsdrama in die <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeliese</a> woonkwartiere oorskadu is. Alle Israeliese gyselaars, 'n aantal <a href="/wiki/Palestyne" title="Palestyne">Palestyne</a> en 'n Duitse polisieman het in die aanval gesterf. </p><p>Vir die spele is die openbare vervoer grootskaals uitgebou met 'n aantal nuwe moltrein- en stadstreinlyne wat ook stede en dorpe in die omgewing van München met die stadsentrum verbind. In die middestad is 'n aantal wandellane geskep. </p><p>Die nuwe internasionale Franz Josef Strauß-lughawe buite München is in 1992 geopen, terwyl die ou lughawe München-Riem gesluit is. Sy terrein is vir die bou van die handelskoustad Riem gebruik. Die terrein van die Federale Tuinskou 2005 (<i>Bundesgartenschau 2005</i>) lê ook naby die ou lughawe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00172.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00172.jpg/220px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00172.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00172.jpg/330px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00172.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00172.jpg/440px-GraphyArchy_-_Wikipedia_00172.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="7500" /></a><figcaption>Die <i>Uptown</i>-wolkekrabber huisves kantore van die telekommunikasie-onderneming O<sub>2</sub></figcaption></figure> <p>München en sy omgewing het in die 20ste eeu danksy sy ligging in die hartland van Europa en 'n baie gesonde beleggingsklimaat tot een van die belangrikste en mees dinamiese ekonomiese sentrums in Duitsland en Europa ontwikkel. Daarnaas het die eersterangse infrastruktuur, die beskikbaarheid van uitstekende ontspanningsgeriewe en die natuurskoon van die omgewing ook tot München se ekonomiese ontwikkeling bygedra. </p><p>Die plaaslike ekonomie se struktuur word vandag gekenmerk deur 'n gesonde mengsel van groot internasionale maatskappye, ondernemings uit die middestand en hoogs gekwalifiseerde werknemers. Byna alle sektore van 'n moderne ekonomie is in München verteenwoordig. Bedrywe soos dienste, hoëtegnologie, media, finansies, motorvervaardiging, biotegnologie en lewenswetenskappe, wetenskaplike navorsing, toerisme en handel speel 'n besonder belangrike rol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografie">Demografie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Demografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>München het tans 'n bevolking van meer as 1,48 miljoen, en net soos in ander welvarende Europese stede is die persentasie buitelandse inwoners met sowat 23 persent bo die nasionale gemiddelde (dus hoër as dié van die Vrystaat Beiere en die Bondsrepubliek Duitsland). Van die buitelandse bevolking kom sowat 37 persent uit lidstate van die Europese Unie. Migrasie en 'n klein toename in geboortes dra by tot 'n konstante bevolkingsgroei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekonomiese_krag">Ekonomiese krag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomiese krag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomiese krag"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>München en sy omgewing is die ekonomiese sentrum van die Vrystaat Beiere. Alhoewel die plaaslike bevolking net 20 persent van Beiere se totale inwonertal verteenwoordig, lewer die gebied nagenoeg 30 persent van die Beierse bruto geografiese produk (BGP) – in 2006 was München se BGP 68,3 miljard € en dié van die metropolitaanse gebied 121 miljard €. Met 'n aandeel van 77 persent aan die stad se BGP is dienste die oorheersende sektor en hoër as dié van die hele Vrystaat met 68 persent. Die nywerheidsektor lewer sowat 23 persent van München se BGP op. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arbeidsmark">Arbeidsmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Arbeidsmark" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Arbeidsmark"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die totale aantal werkgeleenthede in die gebied van München het op 30 Junie 2006 1,085 miljoen beloop – 'n toename van 1,1 persent teenoor die vorige jaar. In die loop van 2006 het die aantal werklose inwoners van meer as 87 000 tot 65 600 gedaal (5,5 persent van die ekonomies-aktiewe bevolking). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koopkrag">Koopkrag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Koopkrag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Koopkrag"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die landelike distrikte rondom München behoort net soos dié in die omgewing van Frankfurt am Main tot die welvarendste in Duitsland en beskik al baie jare lank oor die grootste koopkrag. Die inwoners van München se per-capita-koopkrag was in 2007 26 648 € - die hoogste van alle Duitse stede met meer as 100 000 inwoners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultuur">Kultuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Kultuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Kultuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italianità_bavarese"><span id="Italianit.C3.A0_bavarese"></span>Italianità bavarese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Italianità bavarese" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Italianità bavarese"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Muetheatiner030376592011fc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Muetheatiner030376592011fc.jpg/200px-Muetheatiner030376592011fc.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Muetheatiner030376592011fc.jpg/300px-Muetheatiner030376592011fc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Muetheatiner030376592011fc.jpg/400px-Muetheatiner030376592011fc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="6048" /></a><figcaption>Die Theatynekerk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Lenbachhaus_M%C3%BCnchen,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lenbachhaus_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_2013.jpg/220px-Lenbachhaus_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lenbachhaus_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_2013.jpg/330px-Lenbachhaus_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lenbachhaus_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_2013.jpg/440px-Lenbachhaus_M%C3%BCnchen%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3290" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption>Die ontwerp vir die <i>Lenbachvilla</i>, wat tans 'n museum huisves, is deur <a href="/wiki/Toskane" title="Toskane">Toskaanse</a> villa's geïnspireer. Sy stylvolle tuin het sy voorbeeld in Italiaanse Renaissance-tuine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Image-Schloss_Nymphenburg_Munich_CC_edit3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Image-Schloss_Nymphenburg_Munich_CC_edit3.jpg/220px-Image-Schloss_Nymphenburg_Munich_CC_edit3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Image-Schloss_Nymphenburg_Munich_CC_edit3.jpg/330px-Image-Schloss_Nymphenburg_Munich_CC_edit3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Image-Schloss_Nymphenburg_Munich_CC_edit3.jpg/440px-Image-Schloss_Nymphenburg_Munich_CC_edit3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4921" data-file-height="1796" /></a><figcaption>Die plesierpaleis Nymphenburg het onder Maximilian II. Emanuel (1662−1726), seun van Ferdinand Maria van Beiere en Henriette Adelaide van Savoje, sy huidige gestalte as barokslot gekry en as sy somerwoning en Tweede regeringsetel gedien. Dit word tans onder die mooiste slotkomplekse ter wêreld gereken. 'n Gewilde attraksie is Venesiaanse gondeltoere deur die slotkompleks se tuinkanale</figcaption></figure> <p>Dikwels word na München verwys as die mees noordelike stad van Italië – 'n beskrywing wat die veelvuldige kulturele betrekkinge tussen dié Mediterreense land en die Beierse hoofstad opsom, soos weerspieël in sy boukuns, mode, ontwerp, kuns en literatuur, en die uitbou van München tot 'n Europese sentrum van kuns en klassieke en Italiaanse boukuns onder koning Lodewyk I (1786−1868). Die beginpunt van die kulturele bande met Italië was die huwelik van keurvors Ferdinand Maria van Beiere (1636−1679) met die destyds veertienjarige Henriette Adelaide (Henriette Adelheid) van Savoje (1636−1676) op 11 Desember 1650 in <a href="/wiki/Turyn" title="Turyn">Turyn</a>. </p><p>Henriette Adelaide word as 'n buitengewoon mooi en energieke vrou beskryf wat groot belangstelling in die kunste getoon het en vir haar eggenoot 'n belangrike raadgewer sou word. Sy was aktief betrokke by die bou van die kasteel Nymphenburg en die Theatynekerk en het talle Italiaanse kunstenaars na die Beierse keurvorstehof ontbied. In 1654 het Henriette met die musikale toneelstuk <i>La ninfa ritrosa</i> die eerste vrystaande operahuis in Duitsland op München se Salvatorplein laat inwy wat danksy haar inisiatief ontstaan het. </p><p>Merkwaardig was die groot aantal Italiaanse argitekte, metselaars, musici en kunsambagsmanne wat Henriette saamgebring het. Die Theatynekerk, wat sy laat oprig het om haar blydskap en dankbaarheid oor die geboorte van haar lank verwagte seun en troonopvolger in 1662 aan God te bewys, is deur die kerk Sant’Andrea della Valle in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> geïnspireer. Ferdinand het op sy beurt in 1664 aan Agostino Barelli, 'n argitek uit Bologna, die opdrag gegee om 'n plesierpaleis in die omgewing van München vir haar te bou wat later Nymphenburg genoem is. As voorbeeld vir die slot in die vroeë Barokstyl, wat in 1675 voltooi is, het die amptelike residensie van die <a href="/wiki/Huis_van_Savoje" title="Huis van Savoje">Huis van Savoje</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%ABmont" title="Piëmont">Piëmont</a>, die paleis Venaria Reale, gedien. </p><p>München se Italofilie is verder bevorder deur die <i>maniere</i>, die kunssinnigheid en omgangsvorme van Italiaanse adellikes wat hul loopbaan aan die Beierse keurvorstehof gevolg het, insluitende families soos die Malaspina en Maffei uit Verona, die Spreti uit Ravenna of die Pocci uit Viterbo, maar ook deur die geografiese nabyheid van Italië wat handelsbetrekkinge vergemaklik het. Ook toon die mentaliteite van Beiere en Italianers sekere ooreenkomste – met die klemtoon wat op sinlike genot en lewensvreugde, mooiheid en estetiek val. So verskil die Mediterreens-geïnspireerde lewensgevoel en leefstyl van München ook vandag van dié van ander Duitse metropole – soos byvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a> wat ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog sterk neigings getoon het om die Amerikaanse leefstyl op baie terreine te aanvaar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderwys">Onderwys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Onderwys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Onderwys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universiteite">Universiteite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Universiteite" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Universiteite"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:M%C3%BCnchen_-_TU_M%C3%BCnchen_(Luftbild).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/M%C3%BCnchen_-_TU_M%C3%BCnchen_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/220px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_TU_M%C3%BCnchen_%28Luftbild%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/M%C3%BCnchen_-_TU_M%C3%BCnchen_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/330px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_TU_M%C3%BCnchen_%28Luftbild%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/M%C3%BCnchen_-_TU_M%C3%BCnchen_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/440px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_TU_M%C3%BCnchen_%28Luftbild%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2116" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption>'n Lugfoto van die TUM se historiese hoofkampus</figcaption></figure> <p>Twee groot universiteite is in die Beierse hoofstad gesetel – die <i>Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)</i> en die Tegniese Universiteit München (TUM). Na albei word informeel as sogenaamde "elite-universiteite" verwys aangesien hulle vanweë besonderse akademiese prestasies op die gebied van navorsing sedert 2007 spesiale finansiering van die federale en die deelstaatregering ontvang. </p><p>Die LMU is reeds in 1472 in die Beierse stad <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a> gestig, in 1800 na Landshut en uiteindelik in 1826 na München verplaas. Naas die hoofkampus in die stadsdeel Maxvorstadt is daar satellietkampusse in Großhadern en Martinsried (fakulteite geneeskunde, biologie, skeikunde). </p><p>Die TUM het in 1868 as die Politegniese Skool München geopen. In 1872 is dit uitgebrei met 'n afdeling <a href="/wiki/Landboukunde" title="Landboukunde">landboukunde</a> en vanaf 1877 <i>Königliche Bayerische Technische Hochschule</i> genoem. In 1930 is die Universiteit vir Landbou en Bierbrouery Weihenstephan by die skool ingesluit. Nadat 'n fakulteit geneeskunde gestig is, het dit in 1970 sy huidige naam gekry. Die meeste fakulteite is intussen in Garching geleë waar ook talle navorsingsinstellings gesetel is. </p><p>Net soos die TUM konsentreer ook die Universiteit vir Toegepaste Wetenskappe (wat rofweg met 'n <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrikaanse</a> technikon vergelyk kan word) op tegniese dissiplines. Dié universiteit het in 1971 met die samesmelting van sewe ingenieurskole en ander tersiêre onderwysinstellings ontstaan. Dit is die grootste universiteit vir toegepaste wetenskappe in Beiere en die tweede grootste in Duitsland. </p><p>Die <i>Hochschule für Politik (HfP)</i> bied sedert sy stigting in 1950 akademiese opleiding in politieke wetenskappe. </p><p>'n Andere hoëskool in München wat akademies erkende opleidings aanbied is die <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Philosophie_M%C3%BCnchen" class="extiw" title="de:Hochschule für Philosophie München">Hochschule für Philosophie</a> (gestig 1925 in Pullach, in 1971 na München verplaas), wat met die LMU saamwerk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sportgeriewe">Sportgeriewe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Sportgeriewe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Sportgeriewe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_(Luftbild).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/250px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/375px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg/500px-M%C3%BCnchen_-_Olympiapark_%28Luftbild%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>'n Lugfoto van die Olimpiese Park</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Olympiastadion_at_dusk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Olympiastadion_at_dusk.JPG/250px-Olympiastadion_at_dusk.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Olympiastadion_at_dusk.JPG/375px-Olympiastadion_at_dusk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Olympiastadion_at_dusk.JPG/500px-Olympiastadion_at_dusk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4238" data-file-height="3192" /></a><figcaption>Die Olimpiese Stadion teen sononder</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Allianz_arena_daylight_Richard_Bartz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Allianz_arena_daylight_Richard_Bartz.jpg/250px-Allianz_arena_daylight_Richard_Bartz.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Allianz_arena_daylight_Richard_Bartz.jpg/375px-Allianz_arena_daylight_Richard_Bartz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Allianz_arena_daylight_Richard_Bartz.jpg/500px-Allianz_arena_daylight_Richard_Bartz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2061" /></a><figcaption>Die <i>Allianz Arena</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Die Olimpiese Park en die plaaslike stadions is belangrike voorbeelde van die moderne argitektuur. Die Olimpiese Park in die noorde van München, wat vir die XXste Olimpiese Somerspele in 1972 opgerig is, behels die Olimpiese stadion, swembad en sportsaal. Die gewaagde tentdakkonstruksie, wat by die heuwellandskap van die nabygeleë park aanpas, het wêreldwyd erkenning gekry vir sy buitengewone ontwerp. Die Olimpiese toring ('n televisietoring) met 'n hoogte van 291 meter is reeds in 1968 voltooi, en ook die ysstadion is al in 1967 ingewy. </p><p>Die Olimpiese Dorp bestaan uit twee oorspronklike kwartiere vir mans en vroue. Die suidelike gedeelte met sy enkelverdieping-wonings dien tans as 'n koshuiskompleks vir studente met 1 800 woonstelle. Vanaf die lente van 2007 word die ou geboue oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar afgebreek en volgens die oorspronklike planne herbou. Na afloop van die renovasie sal die aantal woonstelle verhoog word. </p><p>Die noordelike gedeelte met sy kenmerkende teras- en piramideagtige argitektuur is 'n moderne woonkwartier vir sowat 6 100 mense en word tans eweneens opgeknap. </p><p>Die <i>Olympiastadion München</i> was die sentrale stadion van die Olimpiese Spele en het sedertdien die gewildste Duitse stadion vir internasionale wedstryde geword. Die eindwedstryde van die <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_1974" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974">FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974</a> en die <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League" title="UEFA Champions League">UEFA Champions League</a> in 1979, 1993 en 1997 is hier gehou. </p><p>Tussen 1972 en 2005 het die Olimpiese Stadion ook as die tuisveld van die sokkerklub <a href="/wiki/FC_Bayern_M%C3%BCnchen" title="FC Bayern München">FC Bayern München</a> en – met onderbrekings – van die klub <a href="/wiki/TSV_1860_M%C3%BCnchen" title="TSV 1860 München">TSV 1860 München</a> gedien. Albei klubs het intussen na die <i>Allianz Arena</i> verhuis. </p><p>Die Olimpiese Park in die tuinlandskap van die Oberwiesenfeld word naas sportwedstryde ook vir kulturele, godsdienstige en ander doeleindes gebruik. Die park word deur 'n stedelike onderneming bestuur. </p><p>'n Tweede beduidende stadion naas die Olimpiese Park, die <i>Allianz Arena</i> aan die noordelike stadsrand, is in Mei 2005 ingewy. Die stadion dien as die tuisveld van die plaaslike sokkerklubs FC Bayern München en TSV 1860 München. In die Arena met sy 69 901 sitplekke<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is ook die eerste wedstryd van die <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_2006" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2006">FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2006</a> en ander wedstryde gehou. </p><p>Die mees tradisionele en oudste stadion in München is die stedelike stadion in die Grünwalder Straße wat in die plaaslike omgangstaal meestal <i>das Sechzger</i> genoem word. In 2005 het dit nog as die tuisveld van die professionele <i>Löwen</i>-span gedien, maar sedert die opening van die <i>Allianz Arena</i> is die stadion afgeskaal tot die tuisveld van plaaslike jeug- en amateurspanne. 'n Ander groot stadion lê in Dantestraße. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Susterstede">Susterstede</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Susterstede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Susterstede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:M%C3%BCnchens_Partnerst%C3%A4dte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/M%C3%BCnchens_Partnerst%C3%A4dte.jpg/150px-M%C3%BCnchens_Partnerst%C3%A4dte.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/M%C3%BCnchens_Partnerst%C3%A4dte.jpg/225px-M%C3%BCnchens_Partnerst%C3%A4dte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/M%C3%BCnchens_Partnerst%C3%A4dte.jpg/300px-M%C3%BCnchens_Partnerst%C3%A4dte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2414" data-file-height="3091" /></a><figcaption>'n Beeldhouwerk van München se susterstede in die Nuwe Raadsaal</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Edinburg" title="Edinburg">Edinburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a>, sedert 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partnerstädte-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>, sedert 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partnerstädte-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Vlag van Frankryk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>, sedert 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partnerstädte-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, sedert 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partnerstädte-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a>, sedert 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partnerstädte-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Vlag van Oekraïne"><img alt="Vlag van Oekraïne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ki%C3%ABf" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiëf">Kiëf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a>, sedert 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partnerstädte-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Vlag van Zimbabwe"><img alt="Vlag van Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, sedert 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Partnerstädte-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik.bayern.de/mam/produkte/veroffentlichungen/statistische_berichte/a1200c_201944.xla"><i>Statistik Bayern: Statistische Berichte. Besoek op 3 Oktober 2020</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenchenarchitektur.com/architektur-highlights/20-gewerbe-und-verwaltungsbauten/1159-highlight-munich-business-towers"><i>Muenchenarchitektur.com: HighLight Munich Business Towers. Besoek op 3 Oktober 2020</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html;jsessionid=AB2FD90DB16A31B55E20AD406ED1D066.live21063">"Climate Data Center"</a>. Deutscher Wetterdienst<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Data+Center&rft.pub=Deutscher+Wetterdienst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDE%2Fklimaumwelt%2Fcdc%2Fcdc_node.html%3Bjsessionid%3DAB2FD90DB16A31B55E20AD406ED1D066.live21063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnchen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2">"Monatsauswertung"</a> (in Duits). sklima.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520152856/http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 20 Mei 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Mei</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monatsauswertung&rft.pub=sklima.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsklima.de%2Fdatenbank_auswertung.php%3Ftab%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%BCnchen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexandra González: <i>München – La Grande Bellezza</i>. In: <i>Die Zeit</i>, 9 November 2018. Besoek op 19 Desember 2018. Aanlyn beskibaar: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/kultur/2018-11/muenchen-italien-kultur-einfluss-mittelmeer-eisbach-lebensgefuehl">zeit.de</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenchen-radar.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten">muenchen-radar.de: <i>Sehenswürdigkeiten Münchens</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305104820/http://www.muenchen-radar.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten">Geargiveer</a> 5 Maart 2010 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Partnerstädte-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-1">7,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-2">7,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-3">7,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-4">7,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-5">7,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Partnerstädte_7-6">7,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtpolitik/Partnerstaedte.html">muenchen.de: <i>Partnerstädte</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008070302/http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtpolitik/Partnerstaedte.html">Geargiveer</a> 8 Oktober 2014 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnchen&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Munich" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Munich">München</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muenchen.de/">Amptelike webwerf van München</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1726&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1726&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1726" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4094773">4094773</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX453050">XX453050</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864901q">cb11864901q</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864901q">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA16317902?l=en">DA16317902</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4127793-4">4127793-4</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006600">006600</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121893141">0000 0001 2189 3141</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79059670">n79059670</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/89bbbab6-72de-43eb-81ba-e620ab207008">89bbbab6-72de-43eb-81ba-e620ab207008</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044897">10044897</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629311">00629311</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130044&CON_LNG=ENG">ge130044</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Greece">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/Authority/Record?id=au.8512">8512</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000971441&local_base=nlx10">000971441</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000149457&local_base=nsk10">000149457</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026392933">026392933</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/241492071">241492071</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/241492071">241492071</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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