CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Potsdam - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"04666cd3-aa83-488c-a21b-9aba5aeefc15","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Potsdam","wgTitle":"Potsdam","wgCurRevisionId":1277958408,"wgRevisionId":1277958408,"wgArticleId":49112,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 German-language sources (de)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from April 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from January 2025","Articles with German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages with German IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing German-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Cities in Brandenburg","Potsdam","German state capitals","Populated places established in the 7th century","7th-century establishments in Germany","Urban districts of Brandenburg"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Potsdam","wgRelevantArticleId":49112,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":52.400555555555556,"lon":13.059166666666668},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1711","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.20"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg/1200px-Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="801"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg/960px-Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="534"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Potsdam - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Potsdam rootpage-Potsdam skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Potsdam" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Potsdam" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Potsdam" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Potsdam" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-_and_early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-_and_early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pre- and early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-_and_early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Early modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governorate_of_Potsdam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governorate_of_Potsdam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Governorate of Potsdam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governorate_of_Potsdam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>International residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>City government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brandenburg_state_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brandenburg_state_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Brandenburg state government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brandenburg_state_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rail_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Rail transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Road transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honorary_citizens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_citizens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Honorary citizens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_citizens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Potsdam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 126 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-126" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">126 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%89%B5%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%9D" title="ፖትስዳም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖትስዳም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="بوتسدام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوتسدام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="پوتسدام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پوتسدام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Патсдам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Патсдам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Патсдам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Патсдам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreisfreie_Stadt_Potsdam" title="Kreisfreie Stadt Potsdam – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kreisfreie Stadt Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postupim" title="Postupim – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Postupim" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podstupim" title="Podstupim – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Podstupim" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BC" title="Πότσδαμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πότσδαμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="پوتسدام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوتسدام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0%EB%8B%B4" title="포츠담 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포츠담" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postdam" title="Postdam – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Postdam" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%BD%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Պոտսդամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոտսդամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE" title="पॉट्सडैम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पॉट्सडैम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podstupim" title="Podstupim – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Podstupim" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9D" title="פוטסדאם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוטסדאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პოტსდამი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოტსდამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potestampium" title="Potestampium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Potestampium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdama" title="Potsdama – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Potsdama" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdamas" title="Potsdamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Potsdamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="പോട്സ്ഡാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പോട്സ്ഡാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="पोट्सडाम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोट्सडाम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პოტსდამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პოტსდამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="بوتسدام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوتسدام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%84%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0" title="ポツダム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポツダム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B3%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پوٹسڈیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پوٹسڈیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poczdam" title="Poczdam – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poczdam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Подступім – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Подступім" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocdami" title="Pocdami – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pocdami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postupim" title="Postupim – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Postupim" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="پۆتسدام – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆتسدام" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="พ็อทซ์ดัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ็อทซ์ดัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Потсдам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Потсдам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="پوتسدام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پوتسدام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6" title="波茨坦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波茨坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6" title="波茨坦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波茨坦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6" title="波茨坦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波茨坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Potsdam" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1711#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Potsdam" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Potsdam" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Potsdam" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&oldid=1277958408" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Potsdam&id=1277958408&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPotsdam"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPotsdam"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Potsdam&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Potsdam" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1711" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Potsdam&params=52_24_02_N_13_03_33_E_type:city(185750)_region:DE-BB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°24′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°03′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.40056°N 13.05917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.40056; 13.05917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Brandenburg, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Potsdam (disambiguation)">Potsdam (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Brandenburg, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org"><span class="wrap">Potsdam </span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg/330px-Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg/500px-Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg/960px-Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1281" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">View over Potsdam with <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Park" title="Babelsberg Park">Babelsberg Park</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_-_Landtag_(State_Parliament)_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_40841.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Potsdam_-_Landtag_%28State_Parliament%29_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_40841.jpg/143px-Potsdam_-_Landtag_%28State_Parliament%29_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_40841.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Potsdam_-_Landtag_%28State_Parliament%29_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_40841.jpg/215px-Potsdam_-_Landtag_%28State_Parliament%29_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_40841.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Potsdam_-_Landtag_%28State_Parliament%29_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_40841.jpg/286px-Potsdam_-_Landtag_%28State_Parliament%29_-_geo.hlipp.de_-_40841.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="364" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/City_Palace,_Potsdam" title="City Palace, Potsdam">City Palace</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg/121px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg/182px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg/242px-Brandenburg_Gate_in_Potsdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4173" data-file-height="2806" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate_(Potsdam)" title="Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam)">Brandenburg Gate</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div style="height:75px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortuna_auf_dem_Fortunaportal,_Altes_Rathaus,_Potsdam,_Luftaufnahme-0723.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fortuna_auf_dem_Fortunaportal%2C_Altes_Rathaus%2C_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0723.jpg/120px-Fortuna_auf_dem_Fortunaportal%2C_Altes_Rathaus%2C_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0723.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fortuna_auf_dem_Fortunaportal%2C_Altes_Rathaus%2C_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0723.jpg/250px-Fortuna_auf_dem_Fortunaportal%2C_Altes_Rathaus%2C_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0723.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3640" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Old City Hall</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div style="height:75px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg/151px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg/227px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg/302px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4814" data-file-height="2407" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/New_Palace,_Potsdam" title="New Palace, Potsdam">New Palace</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schloss_Sanssouci_Potsdam_Germany_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Schloss_Sanssouci_Potsdam_Germany_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/124px-Schloss_Sanssouci_Potsdam_Germany_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Schloss_Sanssouci_Potsdam_Germany_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/186px-Schloss_Sanssouci_Potsdam_Germany_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Schloss_Sanssouci_Potsdam_Germany_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/248px-Schloss_Sanssouci_Potsdam_Germany_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Sanssouci" title="Sanssouci">Sanssouci</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20220810_Orangerieschloss_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/20220810_Orangerieschloss_08.jpg/140px-20220810_Orangerieschloss_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/20220810_Orangerieschloss_08.jpg/210px-20220810_Orangerieschloss_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/20220810_Orangerieschloss_08.jpg/280px-20220810_Orangerieschloss_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Orangery_Palace" title="Orangery Palace">Orangery Palace</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Potsdam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Potsdam"><img alt="Flag of Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Potsdam.svg/100px-Flag_of_Potsdam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Potsdam.svg/150px-Flag_of_Potsdam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Potsdam.svg/200px-Flag_of_Potsdam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Potsdam"><img alt="Coat of arms of Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg/55px-DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg/82px-DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg/109px-DEU_Potsdam_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="749" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Potsdam</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-overlays="["_b30009014da3fdc14507f7e00c025c37ef66d078"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Potsdam&revid=1277958408&groups=_b30009014da3fdc14507f7e00c025c37ef66d078" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Potsdam&revid=1277958408&groups=_b30009014da3fdc14507f7e00c025c37ef66d078 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdam is located in Germany"><img alt="Potsdam is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.17%;left:75.592%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Potsdam"><img alt="Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Potsdam </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandenburg_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdam is located in Brandenburg"><img alt="Potsdam is located in Brandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Brandenburg_location_map.svg/250px-Brandenburg_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Brandenburg_location_map.svg/500px-Brandenburg_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1075" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.978%;left:51.557%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Potsdam"><img alt="Potsdam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><span class="wrap">Potsdam </span></div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Brandenburg</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Potsdam&params=52_24_02_N_13_03_33_E_type:city(185750)_region:DE-BB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°24′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°03′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.40056°N 13.05917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.40056; 13.05917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_districts_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban districts of Germany">Urban district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1776</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor" title="Lord mayor">Lord mayor</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2018–26) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mike Schubert<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">187.28 km<sup>2</sup> (72.31 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">32 m (105 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-12-31)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">185,750</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">990/km<sup>2</sup> (2,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Germany" title="Time in Germany">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Germany" title="Postal codes in Germany">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">14467–14482</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Germany" title="List of dialling codes in Germany">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0331</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Germany" title="Vehicle registration plates of Germany">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">P</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.potsdam.de/">www.potsdam.de</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Potsdam</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈpɔtsdam]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d4\/De-Potsdam.ogg\/De-Potsdam.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Potsdam.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/De-Potsdam.ogg/De-Potsdam.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Potsdam.ogg" title="File:De-Potsdam.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is the capital and largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin/Brandenburg_Metropolitan_Region" title="Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region">Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region</a>. Potsdam sits on the <a href="/wiki/Havel" title="Havel">River Havel</a>, a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a>, downstream of Berlin, and lies embedded in a hilly <a href="/wiki/Morainic" class="mw-redirect" title="Morainic">morainic</a> landscape dotted with many lakes, around 20 of which are located within Potsdam's city limits. It lies some 25 kilometres (16 miles) southwest of Berlin's city centre. The name of the city and of many of its boroughs are of <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> origin. </p><p>Potsdam was a residence of the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> kings and the <a href="/wiki/German_Emperor" title="German Emperor">German Emperor</a> until 1918. Its planning embodied ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>: through a careful balance of architecture and landscape, Potsdam was intended as "a picturesque, pastoral dream" which would remind its residents of their relationship with nature and reason.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city, which is over 1,000 years old, is widely known for its palaces, its lakes, and its overall historical and cultural significance. Landmarks include the parks and palaces of <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci" title="Sanssouci">Sanssouci</a>, Germany's largest World Heritage Site, as well as other palaces such as the <a href="/wiki/Orangery_Palace" title="Orangery Palace">Orangery Palace</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Palace,_Potsdam" title="New Palace, Potsdam">New Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecilienhof_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecilienhof Palace">Cecilienhof Palace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charlottenhof_Palace" title="Charlottenhof Palace">Charlottenhof Palace</a>. Potsdam was also the location of the significant <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> in 1945, the conference where the three heads of government of the USSR, the US, and the UK decided on the division of Germany following its surrender, a conference which defined Germany's history for the following 45 years. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Potsdam-Babelsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam-Babelsberg">Babelsberg</a>, in the south-eastern part of Potsdam, was already by the 1930s the home of a major film production studio and it has enjoyed success as an important center of European film production since the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">fall of the Berlin Wall</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Studio_Babelsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio Babelsberg">Filmstudio Babelsberg</a>, founded in 1912, is the oldest large-scale film studio in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Potsdam developed into a centre of science in Germany in the 19th century. Today, there are three public colleges, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">University of Potsdam</a>, and more than 30 <a href="/wiki/Research_institute" title="Research institute">research institutes</a> in the city. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Templiner_See,_Vorderkappe_und_Hermannswerder_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Templiner_See%2C_Vorderkappe_und_Hermannswerder_1.jpeg/220px-Templiner_See%2C_Vorderkappe_und_Hermannswerder_1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Templiner_See%2C_Vorderkappe_und_Hermannswerder_1.jpeg/330px-Templiner_See%2C_Vorderkappe_und_Hermannswerder_1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Templiner_See%2C_Vorderkappe_und_Hermannswerder_1.jpeg/440px-Templiner_See%2C_Vorderkappe_und_Hermannswerder_1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The Havel flowing through Potsdam with view of Hermannswerder.</figcaption></figure> <p>The area was formed from a series of large <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraines</a> left after the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a>. Today, only one quarter of the city is built up, the rest remaining as green space. </p><p>There are about 20 lakes and rivers in and around Potsdam, such as the <a href="/wiki/Havel" title="Havel">Havel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Griebnitzsee" title="Griebnitzsee">Griebnitzsee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Templiner_See" title="Templiner See">Templiner See</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiefer_See" title="Tiefer See">Tiefer See</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jungfernsee" title="Jungfernsee">Jungfernsee</a>, Teltowkanal, <a href="/wiki/Heiliger_See" title="Heiliger See">Heiliger See</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sacrower_See" title="Sacrower See">Sacrower See</a>. The highest point is the 114-metre-high (374 ft) <i><a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Ravensberg" title="Kleiner Ravensberg">Kleiner Ravensberg</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potsdam is divided into seven historic city <i>Stadtteile</i> (quarters) and nine new <i>Ortsteile</i> (suburbs/wards, former separate villages), which joined the city in 2003. The appearance of the city boroughs is quite different. Those in the north and in the centre consist mainly of historical buildings, the south of the city is dominated by larger areas of newer buildings. </p><p>The city of Potsdam is divided into 32 <i><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">Stadtteile</a></i> (boroughs, both quarters and suburbs/wards together),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are divided further into 84 statistical <i>Bezirke</i> (districts). </p><p>Today, one distinguishes between the older parts of the city (areas of the historic city and places suburbanized at the latest in 1939) – these are the city center, the western and northern suburbs, Bornim, Bornstedt, Nedlitz, Potsdam South, Babelsberg, Drewitz, Stern and Kirchsteigfeld – and those communities incorporated after 1990 which have since 2003 become <i>Ortsteile</i> – these are Eiche, Fahrland, Golm, Groß Glienicke, Grube, Marquardt, Neu Fahrland, Satzkorn and Uetz-Paaren.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new <i>Ortsteile</i> are located mainly in the north of the city. For the history of all incorporations, see the relevant section on incorporation and spin-offs. </p><p><i>Structure with statistical numbering:</i><sup id="cite_ref-StiB2019_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StiB2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_subdivisions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Potsdam_subdivisions.svg/220px-Potsdam_subdivisions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Potsdam_subdivisions.svg/330px-Potsdam_subdivisions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Potsdam_subdivisions.svg/440px-Potsdam_subdivisions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption><i>Stadtteile</i> (boroughs) of Potsdam</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><b>1 Potsdam Nord</b> <ul><li>11 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornim (page does not exist)">Bornim</a></li> <li>12 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nedlitz_(Potsdam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nedlitz (Potsdam) (page does not exist)">Nedlitz</a></li> <li>13 <a href="/wiki/Bornstedt_(Potsdam)" title="Bornstedt (Potsdam)">Bornstedt</a></li> <li>14 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sacrow_(Potsdam)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sacrow (Potsdam) (page does not exist)">Sacrow</a></li> <li>15 <a href="/wiki/Eiche_(Potsdam)" title="Eiche (Potsdam)">Eiche</a></li> <li>16 Grube</li> <li>17 <a href="/wiki/Golm_(Potsdam)" title="Golm (Potsdam)">Golm</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%B6rdliche_Vorst%C3%A4dte_von_Potsdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nördliche Vorstädte von Potsdam (page does not exist)">Nördliche Vorstädte</a></b> <ul><li>21 Nauener Vorstadt</li> <li>22 Jägervorstadt</li> <li>23 Berliner Vorstadt</li></ul></li> <li><b>3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westliche_Vorst%C3%A4dte_von_Potsdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westliche Vorstädte von Potsdam (page does not exist)">Westliche Vorstädte</a></b> <ul><li>31 Brandenburger Vorstadt</li> <li>32 Potsdam West</li></ul></li> <li><b>4 Innenstadt</b> <ul><li>41 Historische Innenstadt</li> <li>43 Zentrum Ost und Nuthepark</li> <li>44 Hauptbahnhof und Brauhausberg Nord</li></ul></li> <li><b>5 <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg" title="Babelsberg">Babelsberg</a></b> <ul><li>51 <a href="/wiki/Klein_Glienicke" title="Klein Glienicke">Klein Glienicke</a></li> <li>52 Babelsberg Nord</li> <li>53 Babelsberg Süd</li></ul></li> <li><b>6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam-S%C3%BCd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdam-Süd (page does not exist)">Potsdam Süd</a></b> <ul><li>61 Templiner Vorstadt</li> <li>62 Teltower Vorstadt</li> <li>63 Schlaatz</li> <li>64 Waldstadt I und Industriegelände</li> <li>65 Waldstadt II</li></ul></li> <li><b>7 Potsdam Südost</b> <ul><li>71 Stern</li> <li>72 <a href="/wiki/Drewitz_(Potsdam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drewitz (Potsdam)">Drewitz</a></li> <li>73 Kirchsteigfeld</li></ul></li> <li><b>8 Nördliche Ortsteile</b> <ul><li>81 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uetz-Paaren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uetz-Paaren (page does not exist)">Uetz-Paaren</a></li> <li>82 <a href="/wiki/Marquardt_(Potsdam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquardt (Potsdam)">Marquardt</a></li> <li>83 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satzkorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satzkorn (page does not exist)">Satzkorn</a></li> <li>84 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahrland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahrland (page does not exist)">Fahrland</a></li> <li>85 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neu_Fahrland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neu Fahrland (page does not exist)">Neu Fahrland</a></li> <li>86 <a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9F_Glienicke" title="Groß Glienicke">Groß Glienicke</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p>At the end of 2019, a change was made to the administrative structure:<sup id="cite_ref-StiB2019_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StiB2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Borough 41 has been renamed: previously <i>Nördliche Innenstadt</i>, now <i>Historische Innenstadt</i>.</li> <li>Borough 42 <i>(Südliche Innenstadt)</i> has been divided into two boroughs, 43 <i>(Zentrum Ost und Nuthepark)</i> and 44 <i>(Hauptbahnhof und Brauhausberg Nord)</i>. The number 42 was thus repealed.</li> <li>Some very sparsely populated urban boroughs have been disbanded: <ul><li>Borough 33 <i>(Wildpark)</i> was incorporated into borough 32 <i>(Potsdam-West)</i>.</li> <li>Borough 66 <i>(Industriegelände)</i> was incorporated into borough 64 (formerly <i>Waldstadt I</i>). The borough was then renamed <i>Waldstadt I und Industriegelände</i>.</li> <li>Borough 67 <i>(Forst Potsdam Süd)</i> was incorporated into borough 61 <i>(Templiner Vorstadt)</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Officially the climate is <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> - more degraded by being far from the coast and to the east (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cfb</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but using the 1961–1990 normal and the 0 °C isotherm the city has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<i>Dfb</i>), which also shows a slight influence of the continent different from the climates predominantly influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. Low averages below freezing for almost all winter causing snows that are frequent and winters are cold, but not as stringent as inland locations or with greater influence from the same. Summer is also relatively warm with temperatures between 23 and 24 °C, the heat waves being influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Urban_heat_island" title="Urban heat island">UHI</a> of Potsdam.<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average winter high temperature is 4.0 °C (39.2 °F), with a low of −1.3 °C (29.7 °F). Snow is common in the winter. Spring and autumn are short. Summers are mild, with a high of 24.3 °C (75.7 °F) and a low of 13.5 °C (56.3 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Potsdam weather station has recorded the following extreme values:<sup id="cite_ref-sklima_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Its highest temperature was 38.9 °C (102.0 °F) on <a href="/wiki/2022_European_heatwaves#July_heatwave_2" title="2022 European heatwaves">20 July 2022</a>.</li> <li>Its lowest temperature was −26.8 °C (−16.2 °F) on 11 February 1929.</li> <li>Its greatest annual precipitation was 798.3 mm (31.43 in) in 2007.</li> <li>Its least annual precipitation was 345.8 mm (13.61 in) in 2018.</li> <li>The longest annual sunshine was 2,246.7 hours in 2018.</li> <li>The shortest annual sunshine was 1,355.3 hours in 1903.</li></ul> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Potsdam (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5C5CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.7<br />(−14.3) </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.8<br />(−16.2) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.3<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.0<br />(15.8) </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.6<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.5<br />(−12.1) </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−26.8<br />(−16.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3<br />(1.78) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(1.42) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(1.55) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(1.15) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.3<br />(2.10) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.8<br />(2.39) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2<br />(3.00) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.2<br />(2.33) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.1<br />(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.8<br />(1.69) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.3<br />(1.67) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.1<br />(1.81) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">577.6<br />(22.74) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(3.4) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(3.4) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">trace </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(2.8) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.1<br />(5.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2F2FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.8 </td> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.2 </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.8 </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.1 </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">168.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.6 </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.6 </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5 </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8 </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.1 </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0 </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3 </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.3 </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.4 </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.8 </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.5 </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #656565; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.6 </td> <td style="background: #9E9E9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.1 </td> <td style="background: #BABA47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.4 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">236.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.8 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.2 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.9 </td> <td style="background: #B7B75B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.7 </td> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.3 </td> <td style="background: #545454; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.5 </td> <td style="background: #C5C504; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,807.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMO_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> / SKlima.de<sup id="cite_ref-sklima_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sklima-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "Potsdam" originally seems to have been <i><a href="#History">Poztupimi</a></i>. A common theory is that it derives from an old <a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavonic</a> term meaning "beneath the oaks",<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e., the corrupted <i>pod dubmi/dubimi</i> (<i>pod</i> "beneath", <i>dub</i> "oak"). However, some question this explanation.<sup id="cite_ref-kopish_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kopish-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-_and_early_history">Pre- and early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pre- and early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schenkungsurkunde_Potsdam_993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Schenkungsurkunde_Potsdam_993.jpg/220px-Schenkungsurkunde_Potsdam_993.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Schenkungsurkunde_Potsdam_993.jpg/330px-Schenkungsurkunde_Potsdam_993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Schenkungsurkunde_Potsdam_993.jpg/440px-Schenkungsurkunde_Potsdam_993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Document from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in 993 mentioning <i>Poztupimi</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg/440px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4814" data-file-height="2407" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_Palace,_Potsdam" title="New Palace, Potsdam">New Palace</a> today</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadtschloss_Potsdam_Gem%C3%A4lde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Stadtschloss_Potsdam_Gem%C3%A4lde.jpg/220px-Stadtschloss_Potsdam_Gem%C3%A4lde.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Stadtschloss_Potsdam_Gem%C3%A4lde.jpg/330px-Stadtschloss_Potsdam_Gem%C3%A4lde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Stadtschloss_Potsdam_Gem%C3%A4lde.jpg/440px-Stadtschloss_Potsdam_Gem%C3%A4lde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1131" data-file-height="781" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/City_Palace,_Potsdam" title="City Palace, Potsdam">Stadtschloss Potsdam</a> in 1773</figcaption></figure> <p>The area around Potsdam shows signs of occupancy since the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> and was part of <i><a href="/wiki/Magna_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna Germania">Magna Germania</a></i> as described by <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">great migrations</a> of the Germanic peoples, <a href="/wiki/Slav" class="mw-redirect" title="Slav">Slavs</a> moved in and Potsdam was probably founded after the 7th century as a settlement of the <a href="/wiki/Hevelli" title="Hevelli">Hevelli</a> tribe centred on a castle. It was first mentioned in a document in 993 as <i>Poztupimi</i>, when <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Otto_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Otto III">Emperor Otto III</a> gifted the territory to the <a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg_Abbey" title="Quedlinburg Abbey">Quedlinburg Abbey</a>, then led by his aunt <a href="/wiki/Matilda,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Matilda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kopish_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kopish-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1317, it was mentioned as a small town. It gained its <a href="/wiki/Town_charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Town charter">town charter</a> in 1345. In 1573, it was still a small <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> of 2,000 inhabitants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_era">Early modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voltaire-Baquoy.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Voltaire-Baquoy.gif/220px-Voltaire-Baquoy.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Voltaire-Baquoy.gif/330px-Voltaire-Baquoy.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Voltaire-Baquoy.gif/440px-Voltaire-Baquoy.gif 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> at the residence of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Prussia">Frederick II</a> in Potsdam. Partial view of an engraving by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charles_Baquoy" title="Pierre Charles Baquoy">Pierre Charles Baquoy</a>, after N. A. Monsiau</figcaption></figure> <p>Potsdam lost nearly half of its population due to the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648). </p><p>A continuous <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern" class="mw-redirect" title="Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a> possession since 1415, Potsdam became prominent, when it was chosen in 1660 as the hunting residence of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_I_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg">Frederick William I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Elector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg</a>, the core of the powerful state that later became the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. It also housed <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Barracks" title="Barracks">barracks</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-120,_Potsdam,_Garnisonkirche_von_der_Breiten_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-120%2C_Potsdam%2C_Garnisonkirche_von_der_Breiten_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-120%2C_Potsdam%2C_Garnisonkirche_von_der_Breiten_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-120%2C_Potsdam%2C_Garnisonkirche_von_der_Breiten_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_170-120%2C_Potsdam%2C_Garnisonkirche_von_der_Breiten_Br%C3%BCcke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Church_(Potsdam)" title="Garrison Church (Potsdam)">Garrison Church</a>, built in 1735 (Ca. 1900)</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Potsdam" title="Edict of Potsdam">Edict of Potsdam</a> in 1685, Potsdam became a centre of European immigration. Its religious freedom attracted people from <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenots</a>), <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>. The edict accelerated population growth and economic recovery. </p><p>Later, the city became a full residence of the Prussian royal family. The buildings of the royal residences were built mainly during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Prussia">Frederick the Great</a>. One of these is the <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci" title="Sanssouci">Sanssouci Palace</a> (French: "without cares" or "no concern", by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wenzeslaus_von_Knobelsdorff" title="Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff">Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff</a>, 1744), famed for its formal gardens and <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> interiors. Other royal residences include the <a href="/wiki/New_Palace_(Potsdam)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Palace (Potsdam)">New Palace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Orangery_Palace" title="Orangery Palace">Orangery</a>. </p><p>In 1815, at the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Province of Brandenburg</a>, Potsdam became the provincial capital until 1918, except for a period between 1827 and 1843 when Berlin was the provincial capital (as it became once again after 1918). The province comprised two governorates named after their capitals Potsdam and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governorate_of_Potsdam">Governorate of Potsdam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Governorate of Potsdam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadt_Potsdam_1852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stadt_Potsdam_1852.jpg/220px-Stadt_Potsdam_1852.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stadt_Potsdam_1852.jpg/330px-Stadt_Potsdam_1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stadt_Potsdam_1852.jpg/440px-Stadt_Potsdam_1852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3415" data-file-height="5258" /></a><figcaption>Bond of Potsdam, issued 22 May 1852</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1815 and 1945, the city of Potsdam served as capital of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regierungsbezirk_of_Potsdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regierungsbezirk of Potsdam (page does not exist)">Regierungsbezirk of Potsdam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Potsdam" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Potsdam">de</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Regierungsbezirk Potsdam</i>). The <i><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a></i> encompassed the former districts of <a href="/wiki/Uckermark" title="Uckermark">Uckermark</a>, the Mark of Priegnitz, and the greater part of the <a href="/wiki/Kurmark" title="Kurmark">Middle March</a>. It was situated between <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg" title="Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Province of Pomerania</a> on the north, and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Saxony" title="Province of Saxony">Province of Saxony</a> on the south and west (Berlin, with a small surrounding district, was an urban governorate and enclave within the governorate of Potsdam between 1815 and 1822, then it merged as urban district into the governorate only to be disentangled again from Potsdam governorate in 1875, becoming a distinct province-like entity on 1 April 1881). Towards the north west the governorate was bounded by the rivers <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> and the Havel, and on the north east by the <a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a>. The south eastern boundary was to the neighbouring governorate of Frankfurt (Oder). About 500,000 inhabitants lived in the Potsdam governorate, which covered an area of about 20,700 square kilometres (7,992 sq mi), divided into thirteen rural <a href="/wiki/Kreis_in_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreis in Prussia">districts</a>, partially named after their capitals:<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis-1839_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-1839-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <td>Angermünde</td> <td>Beeskow-Storkow (as of 1836)</td> <td>East Havelland</td> <td>East Prignitz </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jüterbog-Luckenwalde</td> <td>Lower Barnim</td> <td>Prenzlau</td> <td>Ruppin </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teltow (as of 1836)</td> <td>Teltow-Storkow (until 1835)</td> <td>Templin</td> <td>Upper Barnim </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1">West Havelland</td> <td>West Prignitz</td> <td>Zauch-Belzig</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The traditional towns in the governorate were small, however, in the course of the industrial labour migration some reached the rank of urban districts. The principal towns were <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg upon Havel</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6penick" title="Köpenick">Köpenick</a>, Potsdam, <a href="/wiki/Prenzlau" title="Prenzlau">Prenzlau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spandau" title="Spandau">Spandau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neuruppin" title="Neuruppin">Ruppin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Curtis-1839_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curtis-1839-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 1875 Berlin also was a town within the governorate. After its disentanglement a number of its suburbs outside Berlin's municipal borders grew to towns, many forming urban <i>Bezirke</i> within the governorate of Potsdam such as <a href="/wiki/Charlottenburg" title="Charlottenburg">Charlottenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lichtenberg_(locality)" title="Lichtenberg (locality)">Lichtenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuk%C3%B6lln_(locality)" title="Neukölln (locality)">Rixdorf</a> (after 1912 Neukölln), and <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neberg" title="Schöneberg">Schöneberg</a> (all of which, as well as Köpenick and Spandau, incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Greater_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Berlin">Greater Berlin</a> in 1920). The urban <i>Bezirke</i> were (years indicating the elevation to rank of urban <i>Bezirk</i> or affiliation with Potsdam governorate, respectively): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <tbody><tr> <td>Berlin (1822–1875)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg/Havel</a> (as of 1881)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlottenburg" title="Charlottenburg">Charlottenburg</a> (1877–1920)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eberswalde" title="Eberswalde">Eberswalde</a> (as of 1911) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lichtenberg_(locality)" title="Lichtenberg (locality)">Lichtenberg</a> (1908–1920)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neberg" title="Schöneberg">Schöneberg</a> (1899–1920)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilmersdorf" title="Wilmersdorf">Deutsch-Wilmersdorf</a> (1907–1920)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neuk%C3%B6lln_(locality)" title="Neukölln (locality)">Rixdorf (Neukölln)</a> (1899–1920) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Potsdam</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rathenow" title="Rathenow">Rathenow</a> (as of 1925)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spandau" title="Spandau">Spandau</a> (1886–1920)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wittenberge" title="Wittenberge">Wittenberge</a> (as of 1922) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> was the capital of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and later of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, but the court remained in Potsdam, where many government officials settled. In 1914, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II of Germany">Wilhelm II</a> signed the Declaration of War in the <i>Neues Palais</i> (New Palace). The city lost its status as a "second capital" in 1918, when Wilhelm II abdicated and Germany became a <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Republic</a> at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Allied_air_attacks"></span>After the Nazis <a href="/wiki/Machtergreifung" class="mw-redirect" title="Machtergreifung">seized power in 1933</a>, there was a ceremonial handshake between <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany_(1919%E2%80%931945)" title="President of Germany (1919–1945)">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a> and the new <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> on 21 March 1933 in Potsdam's <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Church_(Potsdam)" title="Garrison Church (Potsdam)">Garrison Church</a> in what became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Day" title="Potsdam Day">Day of Potsdam</a>". This symbolised a coalition of the military (<i><a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>. Potsdam was severely damaged by <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Allied bombing raids</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L_to_R,_British_Prime_Minister_Winston_Churchill,_President_Harry_S._Truman,_and_Soviet_leader_Josef_Stalin_in_the..._-_NARA_-_198958.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L_to_R%2C_British_Prime_Minister_Winston_Churchill%2C_President_Harry_S._Truman%2C_and_Soviet_leader_Josef_Stalin_in_the..._-_NARA_-_198958.jpg/250px-L_to_R%2C_British_Prime_Minister_Winston_Churchill%2C_President_Harry_S._Truman%2C_and_Soviet_leader_Josef_Stalin_in_the..._-_NARA_-_198958.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L_to_R%2C_British_Prime_Minister_Winston_Churchill%2C_President_Harry_S._Truman%2C_and_Soviet_leader_Josef_Stalin_in_the..._-_NARA_-_198958.jpg/330px-L_to_R%2C_British_Prime_Minister_Winston_Churchill%2C_President_Harry_S._Truman%2C_and_Soviet_leader_Josef_Stalin_in_the..._-_NARA_-_198958.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/L_to_R%2C_British_Prime_Minister_Winston_Churchill%2C_President_Harry_S._Truman%2C_and_Soviet_leader_Josef_Stalin_in_the..._-_NARA_-_198958.jpg/500px-L_to_R%2C_British_Prime_Minister_Winston_Churchill%2C_President_Harry_S._Truman%2C_and_Soviet_leader_Josef_Stalin_in_the..._-_NARA_-_198958.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2443" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> in 1945 with <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cecilienhof" title="Cecilienhof">Cecilienhof Palace</a> was the scene of the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> from 17 July to 2 August 1945, at which the victorious <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> leaders <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> met to decide the future of Germany and postwar Europe in general. The conference ended with the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam Agreement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glienicker_Br%C3%BCcke2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Glienicker_Br%C3%BCcke2.JPG/250px-Glienicker_Br%C3%BCcke2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Glienicker_Br%C3%BCcke2.JPG/330px-Glienicker_Br%C3%BCcke2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Glienicker_Br%C3%BCcke2.JPG/500px-Glienicker_Br%C3%BCcke2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Glienicke_Bridge" title="Glienicke Bridge">Glienicke Bridge</a>, used for exchanging spies during the Cold War</figcaption></figure> <p>The government of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> (formally known as the <a href="/wiki/German_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="German Democratic Republic">German Democratic Republic</a> (German: <i>Deutsche Demokratische Republik</i>, DDR)) tried to remove symbols of "Prussian <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a>". Many historic buildings, some of them badly damaged in the war, were demolished. </p><p>When in 1946 the remainder of the province of Brandenburg west of the <a href="/wiki/Oder-Nei%C3%9Fe_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Oder-Neiße line">Oder-Neiße line</a> was constituted as the state of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, Potsdam became its capital. In 1952 the GDR disestablished its states and replaced them by smaller new <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of East Germany">East German administrative districts</a> known as <i>Bezirke</i>. Potsdam became the capital of the new <i><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_(Bezirk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam (Bezirk)">Bezirk Potsdam</a></i> until 1990. </p><p>Potsdam, south-west of Berlin, lay just outside <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a> after the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>. The walling off of West Berlin not only isolated Potsdam from West Berlin, but also doubled commuting times to <a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Glienicke_Bridge" title="Glienicke Bridge">Glienicke Bridge</a> across the Havel connected the city to West Berlin and was the scene of some <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> exchanges of <a href="/wiki/Spy" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy">spies</a>. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a>, Potsdam became the capital of the newly re-established state of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>. Since then there have been many ideas and efforts to reconstruct the original appearance of the city, including the <a href="/wiki/Stadtschloss,_Potsdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadtschloss, Potsdam">Potsdam City Palace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Church_(Potsdam)" title="Garrison Church (Potsdam)">Garrison Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alte_Nationalgalerie-Kr%C3%BCger-Regiment%C3%BCbergabe_in_Potsdam_1817_DSC8020_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alte_Nationalgalerie-Kr%C3%BCger-Regiment%C3%BCbergabe_in_Potsdam_1817_DSC8020_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Alte_Nationalgalerie-Kr%C3%BCger-Regiment%C3%BCbergabe_in_Potsdam_1817_DSC8020_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alte_Nationalgalerie-Kr%C3%BCger-Regiment%C3%BCbergabe_in_Potsdam_1817_DSC8020_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Alte_Nationalgalerie-Kr%C3%BCger-Regiment%C3%BCbergabe_in_Potsdam_1817_DSC8020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Alte_Nationalgalerie-Kr%C3%BCger-Regiment%C3%BCbergabe_in_Potsdam_1817_DSC8020_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Alte_Nationalgalerie-Kr%C3%BCger-Regiment%C3%BCbergabe_in_Potsdam_1817_DSC8020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4666" data-file-height="3155" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parade_in_Potsdam_in_1817" title="Parade in Potsdam in 1817">Parade in Potsdam in 1817</a><i> by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kr%C3%BCger" title="Franz Krüger">Franz Krüger</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Since 2000 Potsdam has been one of the fastest-growing cities in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Potsdam.pdf" class="mw-file-description" title="Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)"><img alt="Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Potsdam.pdf/page1-250px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Potsdam.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Potsdam.pdf/page1-375px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Potsdam.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Potsdam.pdf/page1-500px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung_Potsdam.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1239" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Development of Population since 1875 within the Current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population Development of Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi rule; Red Background: Time of Communist rule)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognosen_Potsdam.pdf" class="mw-file-description" title="Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005–2030 (yellow line); for 2017–2030 (scarlet line); for 2020–2030 (green line)"><img alt="Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005–2030 (yellow line); for 2017–2030 (scarlet line); for 2020–2030 (green line)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognosen_Potsdam.pdf/page1-250px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognosen_Potsdam.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognosen_Potsdam.pdf/page1-375px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognosen_Potsdam.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognosen_Potsdam.pdf/page1-500px-Bev%C3%B6lkerungsprognosen_Potsdam.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1239" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the <a href="/wiki/Census_in_Germany" title="Census in Germany">Census in Germany</a> in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005–2030 (yellow line); for 2017–2030 (scarlet line); for 2020–2030 (green line)</div> </li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:45em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Potsdam: Population development <br />within the current boundaries (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1875 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">61,719</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1890 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">77,301</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1910 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">101,950</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1925 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">107,734</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1939 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">125,664</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.6%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1950 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">114,663</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1964 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">117,711</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">118,923</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">139,746</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">147,279</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.4%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">141,907</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">156,021</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">182,806</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.2%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_residents">International residents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: International residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SG_Fanfarenzug_Potsdam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/SG_Fanfarenzug_Potsdam.JPG/220px-SG_Fanfarenzug_Potsdam.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/SG_Fanfarenzug_Potsdam.JPG/330px-SG_Fanfarenzug_Potsdam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/SG_Fanfarenzug_Potsdam.JPG/440px-SG_Fanfarenzug_Potsdam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>People at the Fanfarenzug</figcaption></figure> <p>Largest groups of foreign residents: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Rank </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Nationality </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Population (31.12.2019) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>2,947 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>2,415 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>1,305 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>1,186 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>1,063 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>973 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>885 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>795 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>743 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>647 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_Rathaus_07-2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Potsdam_Rathaus_07-2017.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Rathaus_07-2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Potsdam_Rathaus_07-2017.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Rathaus_07-2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Potsdam_Rathaus_07-2017.jpg/440px-Potsdam_Rathaus_07-2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4237" data-file-height="2383" /></a><figcaption>Potsdamer Stadthaus, the city hall</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_government">City government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: City government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potsdam has had a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> (<i>Bürgermeister</i>) and <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> since the 15th century. From 1809 the city council was elected, with a mayor (<i>Oberbürgermeister</i>) at its head. During <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, the mayor was selected by the <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a> and the city council was dissolved; it was reconstituted in token form after 1945, but free elections did not take place until after <a href="/wiki/Reunification" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification">reunification</a>. </p><p>Today, the city council is the city's central administrative authority. Local elections took place on 26 October 2003 and again in 2008. Between 1990 and 1999, the Chairman of the City Council was known as the "Town President" but today the post is the "Chairman of the City Council". The mayor is elected directly by the population. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Potsdam_mayoral_election_(2nd_round).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2018_Potsdam_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/330px-2018_Potsdam_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2018_Potsdam_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/450px-2018_Potsdam_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/2018_Potsdam_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg/600px-2018_Potsdam_mayoral_election_%282nd_round%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Results of the second round of the 2018 mayoral election.</figcaption></figure> <p>The current mayor is Mike Schubert of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) since 2018. The most recent mayoral election was held on 23 September 2018, with a runoff held on 14 October, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left">Mike Schubert </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>23,872 </td> <td>32.2 </td> <td>28,803 </td> <td>55.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left">Martina Trauth </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> </td> <td>14,161 </td> <td>19.1 </td> <td>23,283 </td> <td>44.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left">Götz Friederich </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> </td> <td>12,892 </td> <td>17.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="127070"> </td> <td align="left">Lutz Boede </td> <td align="left">The Others </td> <td>8,449 </td> <td>11.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left">Dennis Hohloch </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> </td> <td>8,215 </td> <td>11.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left">Janny Armbruster </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> </td> <td>6,586 </td> <td>8.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Valid votes </th> <th>74,175 </th> <th>99.3 </th> <th>52,086 </th> <th>97.7 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Invalid votes </th> <th>549 </th> <th>0.7 </th> <th>1,251 </th> <th>2.3 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th>74,724 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th>53,337 </th> <th>100.0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>140,963 </th> <th>53.0 </th> <th>141,109 </th> <th>37.8 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: City of Potsdam (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815110012/https://egov.potsdam.de/wahlen/app/bw2018hw.html">1st round</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815084902/https://egov.potsdam.de/wahlen/app/bw2018stich.html">2nd round</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD) </td> <td>57,258 </td> <td>19.4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union</a> (CDU) </td> <td>43,494 </td> <td>14.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.3 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (Grüne) </td> <td>42,804 </td> <td>14.5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.3 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td>40,321 </td> <td>13.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.2 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="127070"> </td> <td align="left">The Others (aNDERE) </td> <td>29,973 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (Die Linke) </td> <td>25,778 </td> <td>8.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.3 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Citizens' Alliance Free Voters (BfW) </td> <td>16,167 </td> <td>5.5 </td> <td>New </td> <td>3 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td>13,155 </td> <td>4.5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F28900"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_United_Civic_Movements/Free_Voters" title="Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters">Brandenburg Free Voters</a> (BVB/FW) </td> <td>8,686 </td> <td>2.9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.8 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>7,837 </td> <td>2.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt Germany</a> (Volt) </td> <td>5,503 </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Potsdam Centre (Mitten) </td> <td>3,559 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Independent Witzsche </td> <td>485 </td> <td>0.2 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Valid votes </th> <th>295,020 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th>56 </th> <th>±0 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Invalid ballots </th> <th>1,665 </th> <th>1.7 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total ballots </th> <th>100,728 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Electorate/voter turnout </th> <th>143,118 </th> <th>70.4 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.1 </th> <th> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wahlergebnisse.brandenburg.de/54/200/20240609/kreistagswahl_kreis/index.html">City of Potsdam</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brandenburg_state_government">Brandenburg state government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brandenburg state government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Landtag_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Landtag Brandenburg">Landtag Brandenburg</a>, the parliament of the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> of Brandenburg is in Potsdam. It has been housed in the <a href="/wiki/Stadtschloss,_Potsdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadtschloss, Potsdam">Potsdam City Palace</a> since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Germany" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany">List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany</a></div> <p>Potsdam is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a>, Poland (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobigny" title="Bobigny">Bobigny</a>, France (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a>, Finland (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, Germany (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, Italy (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a>, United States (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, Switzerland (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versailles,_Yvelines" title="Versailles, Yvelines">Versailles</a>, France (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_City" title="Zanzibar City">Zanzibar City</a>, Tanzania (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a>, Ukraine (2023)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_Kaiserbahnhof_Gebaeude_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Potsdam_Kaiserbahnhof_Gebaeude_2.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Kaiserbahnhof_Gebaeude_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Potsdam_Kaiserbahnhof_Gebaeude_2.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Kaiserbahnhof_Gebaeude_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Potsdam_Kaiserbahnhof_Gebaeude_2.jpg/440px-Potsdam_Kaiserbahnhof_Gebaeude_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Kaiserbahnof</i> building</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg/220px-Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg/330px-Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg/440px-Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport_Terminal_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6516" data-file-height="4307" /></a><figcaption>Berlin Brandenburg Airport</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail_transport">Rail transport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Rail transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potsdam, included in the fare zone "C" (<i>Tarifbereich C</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>'s public transport area and fare zones A and B of its own public transport area, is served by the <a href="/wiki/S7_(Berlin)" title="S7 (Berlin)">S7</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Berlin_S-Bahn" title="Berlin S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a></i> line. The stations served are <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Griebnitzsee_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam Griebnitzsee railway station">Griebnitzsee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potsdam-Babelsberg_station" title="Potsdam-Babelsberg station">Babelsberg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Hauptbahnhof" title="Potsdam Hauptbahnhof">Central Station</a> (<i>Hauptbahnhof</i>), the main and long-distance station of the city. Other <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">DB</a> stations in Potsdam are <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Charlottenhof_station" title="Potsdam Charlottenhof station">Charlottenhof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Park_Sanssouci_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam Park Sanssouci railway station">Park Sanssouci</a> (including the monumental <i><a href="/wiki/Kaiserbahnhof_Potsdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiserbahnhof Potsdam">Kaiserbahnhof</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Medienstadt_Babelsberg_station" title="Potsdam Medienstadt Babelsberg station">Medienstadt Babelsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potsdam-Rehbr%C3%BCcke_station" title="Potsdam-Rehbrücke station">Rehbrücke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Pirschheide_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam Pirschheide railway station">Pirschheide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marquardt_station" title="Marquardt station">Marquardt</a>. The city also possesses a 27 km-long <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Tramway" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam Tramway">tramway network</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Road_transport">Road transport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Road transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potsdam is served by several <a href="/wiki/German_Autobahnen" class="mw-redirect" title="German Autobahnen">motorways</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_10" title="Bundesautobahn 10">A 10</a>, a beltway better known as <i>Berliner Ring</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_115" title="Bundesautobahn 115">A 115</a> (using part of the <a href="/wiki/AVUS" title="AVUS">AVUS</a>) and is closely linked to the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_2" title="Bundesautobahn 2">A 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_9" title="Bundesautobahn 9">A 9</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_1" title="Bundesstraße 1">B 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_2" title="Bundesstraße 2">B 2</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_highways_in_Germany" title="List of federal highways in Germany">federal roads</a> cross the city. Potsdam features a network of urban and suburban buses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potsdam is connected to national and international air traffic via <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport" title="Berlin Brandenburg Airport">Berlin Brandenburg Airport</a> (BER), which is around 40 kilometers to the east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img2.jpg/250px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img2.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img2.jpg/500px-Potsdam_Sanssouci_07-2017_img2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3549" data-file-height="2366" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">University of Potsdam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Potsdam is a <a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">university town</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">University of Potsdam</a> was founded in 1991 as a university of the State of Brandenburg. Its predecessor was the <i>Akademie für Staats- und Rechtswissenschaften der DDR "<a href="/wiki/Walter_Ulbricht" title="Walter Ulbricht">Walter Ulbricht</a>"</i>, a <a href="/wiki/College_of_education" class="mw-redirect" title="College of education">college of education</a> founded in 1948 which was one of the GDR's most important colleges. There are about 20,000 students enrolled at the university. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einsteinturm_7443.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Einsteinturm_7443.jpg/220px-Einsteinturm_7443.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Einsteinturm_7443.jpg/330px-Einsteinturm_7443.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Einsteinturm_7443.jpg/440px-Einsteinturm_7443.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Einstein_Tower" title="Einstein Tower">Einstein Tower</a> was built in 1921 to house research on the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">theory of relativity</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1991 the <i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule_Potsdam" title="Fachhochschule Potsdam">Fachhochschule Potsdam</a></i> was founded as the second college. It had 3,518 students as of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Wolf_Film_University_of_Babelsberg" title="Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg">Konrad Wolf Film University of Babelsberg</a> (HFF), founded in 1954 in <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg" title="Babelsberg">Babelsberg</a>, is the foremost<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> centre of the German film industry since its birth, with over 600 students. </p><p>There are also several research foundations, including <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraunhofer Institute">Fraunhofer Institutes</a> for Applied Polymer Research and Biomedical Engineering, <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Gravitational_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics">Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics</a> (<i>Albert Einstein Institute</i>), Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, and Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, the GFZ – <a href="/wiki/German_Research_Centre_for_Geosciences" class="mw-redirect" title="German Research Centre for Geosciences">German Research Centre for Geosciences</a>, the Potsdam Astrophysical Institute, the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, The Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, which employs 340 people in researching <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as universities, Potsdam is home to reputable <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montessori_Gesamtschule_Potsdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Montessori Gesamtschule Potsdam">Montessori Gesamtschule Potsdam</a>, in western Potsdam, attracts 400 students from the Brandenburg and Berlin region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sights_of_Potsdam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sights of Potsdam">List of sights of Potsdam</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historischer_Stadtkern_von_Potsdam.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Historischer_Stadtkern_von_Potsdam.png/330px-Historischer_Stadtkern_von_Potsdam.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Historischer_Stadtkern_von_Potsdam.png/500px-Historischer_Stadtkern_von_Potsdam.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Historischer_Stadtkern_von_Potsdam.png/960px-Historischer_Stadtkern_von_Potsdam.png 2x" data-file-width="1761" data-file-height="1587" /></a><figcaption>The historical centre of Potsdam</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg/220px-P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg/330px-P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg/440px-P1190390_Potsdam_sans_souci_rwk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1441" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sanssouci" title="Sanssouci">Sanssouci Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schloss_Cecilienhof_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Schloss_Cecilienhof_Panorama.jpg/220px-Schloss_Cecilienhof_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Schloss_Cecilienhof_Panorama.jpg/330px-Schloss_Cecilienhof_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Schloss_Cecilienhof_Panorama.jpg/440px-Schloss_Cecilienhof_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5237" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cecilienhof" title="Cecilienhof">Cecilienhof palace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Potsdam was historically a centre of European immigration. Its religious tolerance attracted people from France, Russia, the Netherlands and Bohemia. This is still visible in the culture and architecture of the city. </p><p>The most popular attraction in Potsdam is <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci_Park" title="Sanssouci Park">Sanssouci Park</a>, 2 km (1 mi) west of the city centre. In 1744 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Prussia">King Frederick the Great</a> ordered the construction of a residence here, where he could live <i>sans souci</i> ("without worries", in the French spoken at the court). The park hosts a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden,_Potsdam" title="Botanical Garden, Potsdam">Botanical Garden, Potsdam</a>) and many buildings: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci" title="Sanssouci">Sanssouci Palace</a> (<i>Schloss Sanssouci</i>), a relatively modest palace of the Prussian royal (and later German imperial) family</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Orangery_Palace" title="Orangery Palace">Orangery Palace</a> (<i>Orangerieschloss</i>), former palace for foreign royal guests</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/New_Palace_(Potsdam)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Palace (Potsdam)">New Palace</a> (<i>Neues Palais</i>), built between 1763 and 1769 to celebrate the end of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, in which Prussia held off the combined attacks of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> and Russia. It is a much larger and grander palace than Sanssouci, having over 200 rooms and 400 statues as decoration. It served as a guest house for numerous royal visitors. Today, it houses parts of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Potsdam" title="University of Potsdam">University of Potsdam</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Charlottenhof_Palace" title="Charlottenhof Palace">Charlottenhof Palace</a> (<i>Schloss Charlottenhof</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> palace by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Schinkel" title="Karl Friedrich Schinkel">Karl Friedrich Schinkel</a> built in 1826</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Baths_(Potsdam)" title="Roman Baths (Potsdam)">Roman Baths</a> (<i>Römische Bäder</i>), built by Karl Friedrich Schinkel and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Persius" title="Friedrich Ludwig Persius">Friedrich Ludwig Persius</a> in 1829–1840. It is a complex of buildings including a tea pavilion, a Renaissance-style villa, and a Roman bathhouse (from which the whole complex takes its name).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_House_(Potsdam)" title="Chinese House (Potsdam)">Chinese Tea House</a> (<i>Chinesisches Teehaus</i>), an 18th-century pavilion built in a <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> style, the fashion of the time.</li></ul> <p>Three gates from the original city wall remain today. The oldest is the Hunters' Gate (<i>Jägertor</i>), built in 1733. The <a href="/wiki/Nauener_Tor" title="Nauener Tor">Nauener Tor</a> was built in 1755 and close to the historic Dutch Quarter. The ornate <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate_(Potsdam)" title="Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam)">Brandenburg Gate</a> (built in 1770, not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a> in Berlin) is situated on the Luisenplatz at the western entrance to the old town. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikolaikirche_mit_Tympanon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nikolaikirche_mit_Tympanon.jpg/220px-Nikolaikirche_mit_Tympanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nikolaikirche_mit_Tympanon.jpg/330px-Nikolaikirche_mit_Tympanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Nikolaikirche_mit_Tympanon.jpg/440px-Nikolaikirche_mit_Tympanon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3022" data-file-height="3861" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Church,_Potsdam" title="St. Nicholas Church, Potsdam">St. Nicholas' Church</a> on the <i><a href="/wiki/Old_Market_Square,_Potsdam" title="Old Market Square, Potsdam">Alter Markt</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_Market_Square,_Potsdam" title="Old Market Square, Potsdam">Old Market Square</a> (<i>Alter Markt</i>) is Potsdam's historical city centre. For three centuries this was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Stadtschloss,_Potsdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadtschloss, Potsdam">City Palace</a> (<i>Stadtschloß</i>), a royal palace built in 1662. Under <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Prussia">Frederick the Great</a>, the palace became the winter residence of the Prussian kings. The palace was severely damaged by Allied bombing in 1945 and demolished in 1961 by the <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> authorities. In 2002 the Fortuna Gate (<i>Fortunaportal</i>) was rebuilt in its original historic position which was followed by a complete reconstruction of the palace as the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Brandenburg" title="Landtag of Brandenburg">Brandenburg Landtag</a> building inaugurated in 2014. Nearby the square in the Humboldtstraße block, which also was demolished after getting damaged in 1945, reconstructions of several representative residential palaces including Palazzo Pompei and Palazzo Barberini <a href="/wiki/Museum_Barberini" title="Museum Barberini">housing an arts museum</a> were completed in 2016–2017 alongside buildings with modernized facades to restore the historical proportions of the block. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_Brandenburger_Str.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Potsdam_Brandenburger_Str.jpg/250px-Potsdam_Brandenburger_Str.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Potsdam_Brandenburger_Str.jpg/330px-Potsdam_Brandenburger_Str.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Potsdam_Brandenburger_Str.jpg/500px-Potsdam_Brandenburger_Str.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1323" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The old town (main shopping street, <i>Brandenburger Straße</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Old Market Square is dominated today by the dome of <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas%27_Church,_Potsdam" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nicholas' Church, Potsdam">St. Nicholas' Church</a>, built in 1837 in the Neoclassical style. It was the last work of Karl Friedrich Schinkel, who designed the building but did not live to see its completion. It was finished by his disciples <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_August_St%C3%BCler" title="Friedrich August Stüler">Friedrich August Stüler</a> and Ludwig Persius. The eastern side of the Market Square is dominated by the Old City Hall, built in 1755 by the Dutch architect Jan Bouman (1706–1776). It has a characteristic circular tower, crowned with a gilded <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a> bearing the world on his shoulders. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_-_Brandenburger_Tor_-_Feldseite_-_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Potsdam_-_Brandenburger_Tor_-_Feldseite_-_2013.jpg/220px-Potsdam_-_Brandenburger_Tor_-_Feldseite_-_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Potsdam_-_Brandenburger_Tor_-_Feldseite_-_2013.jpg/330px-Potsdam_-_Brandenburger_Tor_-_Feldseite_-_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Potsdam_-_Brandenburger_Tor_-_Feldseite_-_2013.jpg/440px-Potsdam_-_Brandenburger_Tor_-_Feldseite_-_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Potsdam's <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate_(Potsdam)" title="Brandenburg Gate (Potsdam)">Brandenburg Gate</a></figcaption></figure> <p>North of the Old Market Square is the oval French Church (<i>Französische Kirche</i>), erected in the 1750s by Boumann for the <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> community. To the south lies the <a href="/wiki/Museum_Barberini" title="Museum Barberini">Museum Barberini</a>, a copy of the previous building, the Barberini Palace. The museum was funded by the German billionaire <a href="/wiki/Hasso_Plattner" title="Hasso Plattner">Hasso Plattner</a>. The former <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> building was built by <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Gontard" title="Carl von Gontard">Carl von Gontard</a> in 1771–1772, inspired by the Renaissance palace <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini" title="Palazzo Barberini">Palazzo Barberini</a> in Rome. The newly built museum was scheduled to open in spring 2017. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garnisonkirche_Potsdam,_Luftaufnahme-0745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Garnisonkirche_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0745.jpg/220px-Garnisonkirche_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0745.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Garnisonkirche_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0745.jpg/330px-Garnisonkirche_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Garnisonkirche_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0745.jpg/440px-Garnisonkirche_Potsdam%2C_Luftaufnahme-0745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="1846" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Garrison_Church_(Potsdam)" title="Garrison Church (Potsdam)">Garrison Church</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Church_(Potsdam)" title="Garrison Church (Potsdam)">Garrison Church</a> contains a <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cross_of_Nails" title="Coventry Cross of Nails">Coventry</a> chapel, an exhibition about the history of the place and a viewing platform at a height of 57 meters. </p><p>Another landmark of Potsdam is the two-street <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Quarter" title="Dutch Quarter">Dutch Quarter</a> (<i>Holländisches Viertel</i>), an ensemble of buildings that is unique in Europe, with about 150 houses built of red bricks in the Dutch style. It was built between 1734 and 1742 under the direction of Jan Bouman to be used by Dutch artisans and craftsmen who had been invited to settle here by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wilhelm_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Wilhelm I">King Frederick Wilhelm I</a>. Today, this area is one of Potsdam's most visited quarters. </p><p>North of the city centre is the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> colony of Alexandrowka, a small enclave of Russian architecture (including an <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Orthodox</a> chapel) built in 1825 for a group of Russian immigrants. Since 1999, the colony has been part of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> <a href="/wiki/Palaces_and_Parks_of_Potsdam_and_Berlin" title="Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin">Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin</a>. </p><p>East of the Alexandrowka colony is a large park, the <a href="/wiki/New_Garden_(Potsdam)" class="mw-redirect" title="New Garden (Potsdam)">New Garden</a> (<i>Neuer Garten</i>), which was laid out from 1786 in the <a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">English style</a>. The site contains two palaces; one of them, the <a href="/wiki/Cecilienhof" title="Cecilienhof">Cecilienhof</a>, was where the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a> was held in July and August 1945. The <i><a href="/wiki/Marmorpalais" title="Marmorpalais">Marmorpalais</a></i> (Marble Palace) was built in 1789 in Neoclassical style. Nearby is the <i><a href="/wiki/Biosph%C3%A4re_Potsdam" title="Biosphäre Potsdam">Biosphäre Potsdam</a></i>, a tropical <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Potsdam-Babelsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsdam-Babelsberg">Babelsberg</a>, a quarter south-east of the centre, houses the <a href="/wiki/Universum_Film_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Universum Film AG">UFA</a> film studios (<a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Babelsberg Studios">Babelsberg Studios</a>), and an extensive <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Park" title="Babelsberg Park">park</a> with some historical buildings, including the <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Palace" title="Babelsberg Palace">Babelsberg Palace</a> (Schloß Babelsberg, a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic revival">Gothic revival</a> palace designed by Schinkel). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Einstein_Tower" title="Einstein Tower">Einstein Tower</a> is located within the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Science_Park" title="Albert Einstein Science Park">Albert Einstein Science Park</a>, which is on the top of the <i>Telegraphenberg</i> within an astronomy compound. </p><p>Potsdam also features a memorial centre in the former <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> prison in Leistikowstraße. In the Volkspark to the north, there is one of the last monuments dedicated to Lenin in Germany. </p><p>Potsdam joined <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Creative_Cities_Network" title="Creative Cities Network">Network of Creative Cities</a> as a Design City on October 31, 2019, on the occasion of World Cities' Day.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks">Parks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many parks in Potsdam, most of them UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Among their attractions are: </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_Park_Sanssouci_-_Potsdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chinese House in Sanssouci Park"><img alt="The Chinese House in Sanssouci Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/2010_Park_Sanssouci_-_Potsdam.jpg/216px-2010_Park_Sanssouci_-_Potsdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/2010_Park_Sanssouci_-_Potsdam.jpg/324px-2010_Park_Sanssouci_-_Potsdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/2010_Park_Sanssouci_-_Potsdam.jpg/432px-2010_Park_Sanssouci_-_Potsdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_House_(Potsdam)" title="Chinese House (Potsdam)">Chinese House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sanssouci_Park" title="Sanssouci Park">Sanssouci Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunting_Lodge_Glienicke_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glienicke Hunting Lodge, as seen from Babelsberg Park"><img alt="Glienicke Hunting Lodge, as seen from Babelsberg Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hunting_Lodge_Glienicke_2.jpg/250px-Hunting_Lodge_Glienicke_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hunting_Lodge_Glienicke_2.jpg/330px-Hunting_Lodge_Glienicke_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Hunting_Lodge_Glienicke_2.jpg/500px-Hunting_Lodge_Glienicke_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="510" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss_Glienicke" title="Jagdschloss Glienicke">Glienicke Hunting Lodge</a>, as seen from <a href="/wiki/Babelsberg_Park" title="Babelsberg Park">Babelsberg Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-09-23_Potsdam_1DX_1634_by_Stepro.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Marmorpalais in New Garden"><img alt="The Marmorpalais in New Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2020-09-23_Potsdam_1DX_1634_by_Stepro.jpg/216px-2020-09-23_Potsdam_1DX_1634_by_Stepro.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2020-09-23_Potsdam_1DX_1634_by_Stepro.jpg/324px-2020-09-23_Potsdam_1DX_1634_by_Stepro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2020-09-23_Potsdam_1DX_1634_by_Stepro.jpg/432px-2020-09-23_Potsdam_1DX_1634_by_Stepro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2581" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Marmorpalais" title="Marmorpalais">Marmorpalais</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Garden,_Potsdam" title="New Garden, Potsdam">New Garden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orangerie_Schloss_Spielst%C3%A4tte.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanssouci: the Orangery Palace"><img alt="Sanssouci: the Orangery Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Orangerie_Schloss_Spielst%C3%A4tte.JPG/192px-Orangerie_Schloss_Spielst%C3%A4tte.JPG" decoding="async" width="128" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Orangerie_Schloss_Spielst%C3%A4tte.JPG/288px-Orangerie_Schloss_Spielst%C3%A4tte.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Orangerie_Schloss_Spielst%C3%A4tte.JPG/384px-Orangerie_Schloss_Spielst%C3%A4tte.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2369" data-file-height="1777" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sanssouci" title="Sanssouci">Sanssouci</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Orangery_Palace" title="Orangery Palace">Orangery Palace</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 93.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 91.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Potsdam_BelvedereKlausberg1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Belvedere auf dem Klausberg"><img alt="The Belvedere auf dem Klausberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Potsdam_BelvedereKlausberg1.jpg/137px-Potsdam_BelvedereKlausberg1.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Potsdam_BelvedereKlausberg1.jpg/206px-Potsdam_BelvedereKlausberg1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Potsdam_BelvedereKlausberg1.jpg/275px-Potsdam_BelvedereKlausberg1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="436" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Belvedere_auf_dem_Klausberg" title="Belvedere auf dem Klausberg">Belvedere auf dem Klausberg</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schloss_Babelsberg_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Babelsberg Palace"><img alt="Babelsberg Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Schloss_Babelsberg_3.jpg/250px-Schloss_Babelsberg_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Schloss_Babelsberg_3.jpg/330px-Schloss_Babelsberg_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Schloss_Babelsberg_3.jpg/500px-Schloss_Babelsberg_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Babelsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Schloss Babelsberg">Babelsberg Palace</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1._FFC_Turbine_Potsdam" title="1. FFC Turbine Potsdam">1. FFC Turbine Potsdam</a>, one of the most successful German female football clubs (<a href="/wiki/Fu%C3%9Fball-Bundesliga_(women)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fußball-Bundesliga (women)">Bundesliga (women)</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://potsdamroyals.de">Potsdam Royals</a>, American football team competing in the <a href="/wiki/German_Football_League" title="German Football League">German Football League</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SV_Babelsberg_03" title="SV Babelsberg 03">SV Babelsberg 03</a>, football club <a href="/wiki/Regionalliga_Nordost" title="Regionalliga Nordost">Regionalliga Nordost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympic_Training_Centre_Potsdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympic Training Centre Potsdam (page does not exist)">Olympic Training Centre Potsdam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiast%C3%BCtzpunkt_Brandenburg" class="extiw" title="de:Olympiastützpunkt Brandenburg">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USV_Potsdam" class="mw-redirect" title="USV Potsdam">USV Potsdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> (<a href="/wiki/2nd_Rugby-Bundesliga" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Rugby-Bundesliga">2nd Rugby-Bundesliga</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kreisklasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreisklasse">Kreisklasse</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Potsdam" title="List of football clubs in Potsdam">List of football clubs in Potsdam</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdamer_Schl%C3%B6ssermarathon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdamer Schlössermarathon (page does not exist)">Potsdamer Schlössermarathon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdamer_Schl%C3%B6ssermarathon" class="extiw" title="de:Potsdamer Schlössermarathon">de</a>]</span> (<i>Potsdam Palace Marathon</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Marathon" title="Marathon">marathon</a> in that is held annually in June. Thousands of runners run the course past the palaces for the <a href="/wiki/Half_marathon" title="Half marathon">half marathon</a> and several hundred repeat the course to complete the full marathon.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Potsdam" title="Category:People from Potsdam">Category:People from Potsdam</a></div> <p><b>18th century</b><br /> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graf_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck_LM_FWzeK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Graf_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck_LM_FWzeK.jpg/250px-Graf_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck_LM_FWzeK.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Graf_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck_LM_FWzeK.jpg/330px-Graf_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck_LM_FWzeK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>Graf Henckel von Donnersmarck</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W.v.Humboldt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/W.v.Humboldt.jpg/140px-W.v.Humboldt.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/W.v.Humboldt.jpg/210px-W.v.Humboldt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/W.v.Humboldt.jpg/280px-W.v.Humboldt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Wilhelm von Humboldt</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Abramson" title="Abraham Abramson">Abraham Abramson</a> (1754–1811), medalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Yorck_von_Wartenburg" title="Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg">Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg</a> (1759–1830), Prussian field marshal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a> (1767–1835), scholar and statesman, founder of the Berlin <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Humboldt University">Humboldt University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William III of Prussia">Frederick William III of Prussia</a> (1770–1840), King of Prussia 1797–1840</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ludwig_Viktor_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck" title="Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck">Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck</a> (1775–1849), Prussian general lieutenant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonore_Prochaska" title="Eleonore Prochaska">Eleonore Prochaska</a> (1785–1813), woman soldier during the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation war">liberation war</a>, unrecognized as a man disguised as a drummer, later as an infantryman in the Prussian army against <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoleon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Rauch_(1790%E2%80%931850)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Rauch (1790–1850) (page does not exist)">Friedrich Wilhelm von Rauch</a> (1790–1850), lieutenant general in the Prussian Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Krausnick" title="Heinrich Wilhelm Krausnick">Heinrich Wilhelm Krausnick</a> (1797–1882), lawyer and <a href="/wiki/Governing_Mayor_of_Berlin" title="Governing Mayor of Berlin">Lord Mayor of Berlin</a></li></ul> <p><b>19th century</b><br /> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiser_Friedrich_III_Portr%C3%A4t.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kaiser_Friedrich_III_Portr%C3%A4t.jpg/140px-Kaiser_Friedrich_III_Portr%C3%A4t.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kaiser_Friedrich_III_Portr%C3%A4t.jpg/210px-Kaiser_Friedrich_III_Portr%C3%A4t.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Kaiser_Friedrich_III_Portr%C3%A4t.jpg/280px-Kaiser_Friedrich_III_Portr%C3%A4t.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="3920" /></a><figcaption>Frederick III</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moritz_Hermann_von_Jacobi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moritz Hermann von Jacobi">Moritz Hermann von Jacobi</a> (1801–1874), physicist and engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Persius" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludwig Persius">Ludwig Persius</a> (1803–1845), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Jacob_Jacobi" title="Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi">Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi</a> (1804–1851), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_von_Rauch_(1805%E2%80%931877)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf von Rauch (1805–1877) (page does not exist)">Adolf von Rauch</a> (1805–1877), Prussian cavalry officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Galen" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Galen">Philipp Galen</a> (1813–1899), writer and physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Lange_(numismatist)" title="Julius Lange (numismatist)">Julius Lange</a> (1815–1905), numismatist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a> (1821–1894), physiologist and physicist, one of the most important natural scientists of his time</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bonaventura_von_Rauch" title="Alfred Bonaventura von Rauch">Alfred Bonaventura von Rauch</a> (1824–1900), Prussian general</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Rauch_(1827%E2%80%931907)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Rauch (1827–1907) (page does not exist)">Friedrich Wilhelm von Rauch</a> (1827–1907), Prussian general leutnant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egmont_von_Rauch" title="Egmont von Rauch">Egmont von Rauch</a> (1829–1875), Prussian cavalry officer and later colonel in the Prussian Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III, German Emperor</a> (1831–1888), Emperor of the German Empire and King of Prussia 1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Waldersee" title="Alfred von Waldersee">Alfred von Waldersee</a> (1832–1904), field marshal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a> (1834–1919), zoologist, philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Graf_von_Haeseler" title="Gottlieb Graf von Haeseler">Gottlieb Graf von Haeseler</a> (1836–1919), Prussian field marshal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schubert" title="Hermann Schubert">Hermann Schubert</a> (1848–1911), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_Watt" title="Castor Watt">Castor Watt</a> (1858-1932) German actor, humorist, imitator and internationally known quick-change artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">Wilhelm II, German Emperor</a> (1859–1941), Emperor of the German Empire and King of Prussia 1888–1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf_Steinhausen" title="Friedrich Adolf Steinhausen">Friedrich Adolf Steinhausen</a> (1859−1910), doctor and physiologist</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Rauch_(1868%E2%80%931899)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Rauch (1868–1899) (page does not exist)">Friedrich Wilhelm von Rauch</a> (1868–1899), Prussian officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_(musicologist)" title="Friedrich Ludwig (musicologist)">Friedrich Ludwig</a> (1872–1930), music historian and rector of the University of Göttingen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Bissing" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing">Friedrich Wilhelm von Bissing</a> (1873–1956), egyptologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_von_Knobelsdorff" title="Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff">Elisabeth von Knobelsdorff</a> (1877–1959), engineer and architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Eitel_Friedrich_of_Prussia" title="Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia">Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia</a> (1883–1942), second son of King William II of Prussia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludowika_Jakobsson" title="Ludowika Jakobsson">Ludowika Jakobsson</a> (1884–1968), German-Finnish figure skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Geyr_von_Schweppenburg" title="Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg">Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg</a> (1886–1974), general of tank troops and military attachée</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise_Schulze-Berghof" title="Luise Schulze-Berghof">Luise Schulze-Berghof</a> (1889–1970), German composer and pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Karl_Freiherr_von_Esebeck" title="Hans-Karl Freiherr von Esebeck">Hans-Karl Freiherr von Esebeck</a> (1892–1955), general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Blobel" title="Paul Blobel">Paul Blobel</a> (1894–1951), Nazi war criminal, hanged for war crimes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasso_von_Manteuffel" title="Hasso von Manteuffel">Hasso von Manteuffel</a> (1897–1978) General in the Wehrmacht, and later spokesman for defense of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Democratic Party of Germany">Free Democratic Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a></li></ul> <p><b>20th century</b><br /> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margarete_Buber-Neumann" title="Margarete Buber-Neumann">Margarete Buber-Neumann</a> (1901–1989), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Eiermann" title="Egon Eiermann">Egon Eiermann</a> (1904–1970), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Prussia" title="Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia">Louis Ferdinand of Prussia</a> (1907–1994), German and Prussian heir to the throne and head of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenzollern" title="House of Hohenzollern">House of Hohenzollern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Eleonore_of_Albania" title="Princess Marie Eleonore of Albania">Marie Eleonore of Albania</a> (1909–1957), princess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_von_Trott_zu_Solz" title="Adam von Trott zu Solz">Adam von Trott zu Solz</a> (1909–1944), lawyer, diplomat and resistance fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Victor,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Albania" title="Carol Victor, Hereditary Prince of Albania">Carol Victor</a> (1913–1973), Hereditary Prince of Albania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Weiss" title="Peter Weiss">Peter Weiss</a> (1916–1982), writer, graphic artist and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Richter_(actor)" title="Hans Richter (actor)">Hans Richter</a> (1919–2008), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Hassenstein" title="Bernhard Hassenstein">Bernhard Hassenstein</a> (1922–2016), biologist and behaviorist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkhard_Heim" title="Burkhard Heim">Burkhard Heim</a> (1925–2001), theoretical physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Schramm" title="Günther Schramm">Günther Schramm</a> (born 1929), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_and_Hilla_Becher" title="Bernd and Hilla Becher">Hilla Becher</a> (1934–2015), photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Heesters" title="Nicole Heesters">Nicole Heesters</a> (born 1937), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Katzur" title="Klaus Katzur">Klaus Katzur</a> (1943–2016), swimmer and Olympic medalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_Uecker" title="Sabine Uecker">Sabine Uecker</a> (born 1943), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Wolke" title="Manfred Wolke">Manfred Wolke</a> (born 1943), boxer and boxing coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Joop" title="Wolfgang Joop">Wolfgang Joop</a> (born 1944), fashion designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Bendt" title="Oliver Bendt">Oliver Bendt</a> (born 1946), actor, gymnast, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Lanzke" title="Christiane Lanzke">Christiane Lanzke</a> (born 1947), diver and actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Doering" title="Lothar Doering">Lothar Doering</a> (born 1950), handball player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Ahrenholz" title="Brigitte Ahrenholz">Brigitte Ahrenholz</a> (born 1952), rower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Platzeck" title="Matthias Platzeck">Matthias Platzeck</a> (born 1953), politician, Minister President of Brandenburg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Thiele" title="Klaus Thiele">Klaus Thiele</a> (born 1958), athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Berg" title="Gabriele Berg">Gabriele Berg</a> (born 1963), biologist and biotechnologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens-Peter_Berndt" title="Jens-Peter Berndt">Jens-Peter Berndt</a> (born 1963), swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralf_Brudel" title="Ralf Brudel">Ralf Brudel</a> (born 1963), rower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgit_Peter" title="Birgit Peter">Birgit Peter</a> (born 1964), rower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Wolf" title="Carsten Wolf">Carsten Wolf</a> (born 1964), cyclist, world champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniela_Neunast" title="Daniela Neunast">Daniela Neunast</a> (born 1966), steward in rowing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Monse" title="René Monse">René Monse</a> (born 1968), heavyweight boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klara_Geywitz" title="Klara Geywitz">Klara Geywitz</a> (born 1976), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Sayenko" title="Aleksandr Sayenko">Aleksandr Sayenko</a> (born 1978), footballer</li></ul> </div> <p><b>21st century</b><br /> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margarita_Kolosov" title="Margarita Kolosov">Margarita Kolosov</a>, rhythmic gymnast and <a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Olympian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_K%C3%B6ssler" title="Melissa Kössler">Melissa Kössler</a> (born 2000), footballer for the <a href="/wiki/Germany_women%27s_national_football_team" title="Germany women's national football team">Germany national team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermyas_Mulugeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermyas Mulugeta">Ermyas Mulugeta</a>, assaulted in a nationally significant case</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_citizens">Honorary citizens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Honorary citizens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1845: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ludwig_Viktor_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck" title="Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck">Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck</a>, Lieutenant General</li> <li>1856: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Wrangel" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich von Wrangel">Friedrich von Wrangel</a>, Field Marshal</li> <li>1863: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Joseph_Lenn%C3%A9" title="Peter Joseph Lenné">Peter Joseph Lenné</a>, gardener and landscape architect</li> <li>1891: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a>, naturalist</li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg</a>, president of the province of Brandenburg</li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a>, Fieldmarshal and Reichspräsident (withdrawn 12 December 2021 by decision of the Potsdam City Council)</li> <li>1933: <i><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></i>, chancellor (withdrawn 15 August 1990 by decision of the Potsdam City Council)</li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Josef_Goebbels" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Goebbels">Josef Goebbels</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Propaganda">Minister of Propaganda</a> (withdrawn 3 November 2021 by decision of the Potsdam City Council)</li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Max_Volmer" title="Max Volmer">Max Volmer</a>, physical chemist</li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Marchwitza" title="Hans Marchwitza">Hans Marchwitza</a>, writer and proletarian poet</li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Nagel" title="Otto Nagel">Otto Nagel</a>, painter</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mostar_Friedensprojekt" title="Mostar Friedensprojekt">Mostar Friedensprojekt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/bm-wahlen/ergebnisse/~s_14102018_12054000">Ergebnis der Bürgermeisterwahl in Potsdam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815102458/https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/bm-wahlen/ergebnisse/~s_14102018_12054000">Archived</a> 2022-08-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 30 June 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/8ee0bad9b1168256/a3df42d855eb/SB_A01-07-00_2022m12_BB.pdf">"Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstandim Land Brandenburg Dezember 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Amt_f%C3%BCr_Statistik_Berlin-Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg">Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg</a></i> (in German). June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik+Berlin-Brandenburg&rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerungsentwicklung+und+Bev%C3%B6lkerungsstandim+Land+Brandenburg+Dezember+2022&rft.date=2023-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownload.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de%2F8ee0bad9b1168256%2Fa3df42d855eb%2FSB_A01-07-00_2022m12_BB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Potsdam project, 1996</i>, HRH The Prince of Wales, Charles; Hanson, Brian; Steil, Lucien; Prince of Wales's Urban Design Task Force; Prince of Wales's Institute of Architecture, Prince of Wales's Institute of Architecture, 1998, Introduction.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studiobabelsberg.com/en/corporate/about-us/">"About us"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studiobabelsberg.com%2Fen%2Fcorporate%2Fabout-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160323080412/http://www.potsdam.de/cms/beitrag/10088596/513412">"Stadtteilkatalog der Landeshauptstadt Potsdam"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.potsdam.de/cms/beitrag/10088596/513412/">the original</a> on 2016-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadtteilkatalog+der+Landeshauptstadt+Potsdam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.potsdam.de%2Fcms%2Fbeitrag%2F10088596%2F513412%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.potsdam.de/kategorie/stadtteile">"Stadtteile"</a> (in German). Landeshauptstadt Potsdam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stadtteile&rft.pub=Landeshauptstadt+Potsdam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.potsdam.de%2Fkategorie%2Fstadtteile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StiB2019-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StiB2019_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StiB2019_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.potsdam.de/sites/default/files/documents/stadtteileimblick2019.pdf#page=4">"Landeshauptstadt Potsdam, Stadtteile im Blick 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF, 12.3 MB)</span> (in German). 2020-10-15. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514044905/https://www.potsdam.de/sites/default/files/documents/stadtteileimblick2019.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landeshauptstadt+Potsdam%2C+Stadtteile+im+Blick+2019&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.potsdam.de%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fstadtteileimblick2019.pdf%23page%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.potsdam.de/sites/default/files/documents/Potsdam%20Stadtteile%20im%20Blick%202010.pdf#page=5">"Landeshauptstadt Potsdam, Stadtteile im Blick 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF, 5.4 MB)</span> (in German). 2011-06-30. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228232404/http://www.potsdam.de/sites/default/files/documents/Potsdam%20Stadtteile%20im%20Blick%202010.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-12-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landeshauptstadt+Potsdam%2C+Stadtteile+im+Blick+2010&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2011-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.potsdam.de%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2FPotsdam%2520Stadtteile%2520im%2520Blick%25202010.pdf%23page%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Note: Reports from later years omit mention of borough designations with single-digit numbers.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.climate-data.org/europe/germany/brandenburg/potsdam-6406/">"Potsdam climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Potsdam weather averages - Climate-Data.org"</a>. <i>en.climate-data.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.climate-data.org&rft.atitle=Potsdam+climate%3A+Average+Temperature%2C+weather+by+month%2C+Potsdam+weather+averages+-+Climate-Data.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Feurope%2Fgermany%2Fbrandenburg%2Fpotsdam-6406%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/DL/10379.TXT">"Potsdam Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Potsdam+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FDL%2F10379.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WMO_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WMO_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012170610/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Potsdam_10379.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020"</a>. <i>World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)</i>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Potsdam_10379.csv">the original</a> on 12 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climatological+Standard+Normals+%281991%E2%80%932020%29&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991%E2%80%932020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FGermany%2FCSV%2FPotsdam_10379.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sklima-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sklima_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2">"Monatsauswertung"</a>. <i>sklima.de</i> (in German). SKlima<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sklima.de&rft.atitle=Monatsauswertung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsklima.de%2Fdatenbank_auswertung.php%3Ftab%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308133733/http://www.potsdam.de/cms/beitrag/10000936/33981/">"993 – From Poztupimi to the Royal Seat"</a>. <i>potsdam.de</i>. 1 December 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.potsdam.de/cms/beitrag/10000936/33981/">the original</a> on 8 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=potsdam.de&rft.atitle=993+%E2%80%93+From+Poztupimi+to+the+Royal+Seat&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.potsdam.de%2Fcms%2Fbeitrag%2F10000936%2F33981%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kopish-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kopish_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kopish_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">August Kopish, "Die Königlichen Schlösser u. Gärten zu Potsdam", Berlin, 1854, p. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Curtis-1839-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis-1839_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Curtis-1839_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Curtis (1839). <i>The London encyclopaedia, or, Universal dictionary of science, art, literature, and practical mechanics, by the orig. ed. of the Encyclopaedia metropolitana</i> Volume XVIII, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OEr68dC6RLEC&dq=%22Potsdam%22&pg=PA11">p. 11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.maz-online.de/Lokales/Potsdam/Rekord-Zuwachs-in-Potsdam-und-kein-Ende-in-SichtRekord-">[1]</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Population projection Brandenburg">Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (January 2025)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJennerjahn2013" class="citation web cs1">Jennerjahn, Yvonne (13 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317200731/http://www.pnn.de/potsdam/804384/">"Landtag: Umzug ins neue Domizil"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnn.de/potsdam/804384/">the original</a> on 17 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2014</span> – via Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landtag%3A+Umzug+ins+neue+Domizil&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.aulast=Jennerjahn&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnn.de%2Fpotsdam%2F804384%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.potsdam.de/content/die-partnerstaedte-der-landeshauptstadt-potsdam">"Die Partnerstädte der Landeshauptstadt Potsdam"</a>. <i>potsdam.de</i> (in German). Potsdam. 17 November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=potsdam.de&rft.atitle=Die+Partnerst%C3%A4dte+der+Landeshauptstadt+Potsdam&rft.date=2004-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.potsdam.de%2Fcontent%2Fdie-partnerstaedte-der-landeshauptstadt-potsdam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bvg.de/index.php/de/3713/name/Liniennetz.html">BVG: Berliner public transport pdf maps showing fare zones</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110529175642/http://www.bvg.de/index.php/de/3713/name/Liniennetz.html">Archived</a> 2011-05-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427200334/https://www.fh-potsdam.de/informieren/profil/zahlenfakten/">"FH Potsdam in Zahlen und Fakten"</a>. <i>www.fh-potsdam.de</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fh-potsdam.de/informieren/profil/zahlenfakten/">the original</a> on 2019-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fh-potsdam.de&rft.atitle=FH+Potsdam+in+Zahlen+und+Fakten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fh-potsdam.de%2Finformieren%2Fprofil%2Fzahlenfakten%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iap.fraunhofer.de/en.html">"Fraunhofer IAP"</a>. <i>Iap.fraunhofer.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iap.fraunhofer.de&rft.atitle=Fraunhofer+IAP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iap.fraunhofer.de%2Fen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080316062349/http://www.ibmt.fhg.de/fhg/ibmt_en/profile/locations/_index_potsdam_golm.jsp">"Fraunhofer IBMT Location Potsdam_Golm"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibmt.fhg.de/fhg/ibmt_en/profile/locations/_index_potsdam_golm.jsp">the original</a> on 2008-03-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fraunhofer+IBMT+Location+Potsdam_Golm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibmt.fhg.de%2Ffhg%2Fibmt_en%2Fprofile%2Flocations%2F_index_potsdam_golm.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpikg.mpg.de/en/">"Home"</a>. <i>Mpikg.mpg.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mpikg.mpg.de&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpikg.mpg.de%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/">"Home"</a>. <i>Mpimp-golm.mpg.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mpimp-golm.mpg.de&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpimp-golm.mpg.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090913060315/http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/portal/">[2]</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204112442/http://www.aip.de/institute/history.html">"Astrophys. Inst. Potsdam - History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.de/">the original</a> on 2012-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astrophys.+Inst.+Potsdam+-+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aip.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rifs-potsdam.de/de">"Startseite | Forschungsinstitut für Nachhaltigkeit"</a>. <i>Rifs-potsdam.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rifs-potsdam.de&rft.atitle=Startseite+%26%23124%3B+Forschungsinstitut+f%C3%BCr+Nachhaltigkeit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rifs-potsdam.de%2Fde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pik-potsdam.de/en">"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research"</a>. <i>Pik-potsdam.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pik-potsdam.de&rft.atitle=Potsdam+Institute+for+Climate+Impact+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pik-potsdam.de%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.unesco.org/news/unesco-celebrates-world-cities-day-designating-66-new-creative-cities">"UNESCO celebrates World Cities Day designating 66 new Creative Cities"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i>. 2019-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=UNESCO+celebrates+World+Cities+Day+designating+66+new+Creative+Cities&rft.date=2019-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.unesco.org%2Fnews%2Funesco-celebrates-world-cities-day-designating-66-new-creative-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dpa-international.com/topic/city-hall-shocked-find-goebbels-still-honorary-citizen-urn:newsml:dpa.com:20090101:211005-99-492675">"City Hall shocked to find Goebbels still honorary citizen of Potsdam"</a>. <i>dpa-international.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dpa-international.com&rft.atitle=City+Hall+shocked+to+find+Goebbels+still+honorary+citizen+of+Potsdam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpa-international.com%2Ftopic%2Fcity-hall-shocked-find-goebbels-still-honorary-citizen-urn%3Anewsml%3Adpa.com%3A20090101%3A211005-99-492675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APotsdam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, Architekturführer Potsdam Architectural Guide, Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-496-01325-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-496-01325-7">3-496-01325-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.potsdam.de/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.potsdam.de/">English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medienarchiv.com/Deutschland/Brandenburg/Index-Brandenburg-Potsdam.htm">Extensive photoarchive about Potsdam</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Potsdam</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Potsdam" class="extiw" title="c:Potsdam">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Potsdam" class="extiw" title="voy:Potsdam">Travel guides</a></b> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Brandenburg_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Brandenburg_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1227" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template talk:Germany districts Brandenburg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Brandenburg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Brandenburg_Urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Brandenburg_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1227" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Brandenburg"><img alt="Flag of Brandenburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/45px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> Urban and rural districts in the state of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> in Germany <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potsdam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnim" title="Barnim">Barnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahme-Spreewald" title="Dahme-Spreewald">Dahme-Spreewald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbe-Elster" title="Elbe-Elster">Elbe-Elster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelland_(district)" title="Havelland (district)">Havelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rkisch-Oderland" title="Märkisch-Oderland">Märkisch-Oderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhavel" title="Oberhavel">Oberhavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberspreewald-Lausitz" title="Oberspreewald-Lausitz">Oberspreewald-Lausitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder-Spree" title="Oder-Spree">Oder-Spree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostprignitz-Ruppin" title="Ostprignitz-Ruppin">Ostprignitz-Ruppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam-Mittelmark" title="Potsdam-Mittelmark">Potsdam-Mittelmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prignitz" title="Prignitz">Prignitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spree-Nei%C3%9Fe" title="Spree-Neiße">Spree-Neiße</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teltow-Fl%C3%A4ming" title="Teltow-Fläming">Teltow-Fläming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uckermark_(district)" title="Uckermark (district)">Uckermark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany328" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_the_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_states_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">states of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of area states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potsdam</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">City-states</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">City of Bremen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">State of Bremen</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals of former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">South Baden</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a>, 1949–1952)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Unlike the mono-city states Berlin and Hamburg, the State of Bremen consists of two cities, thus state and capital are not identical.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories937" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas,_Russia" title="Magas, Russia">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Germany_by_population366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities in Germany by population</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld" title="Bielefeld">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum" title="Bochum">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelsenkirchen" title="Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle (Saale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krefeld" title="Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach" title="Mönchengladbach">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberhausen" title="Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal" title="Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottrop" title="Bottrop">Bottrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven" title="Bremerhaven">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlangen" title="Erlangen">Erlangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrth" title="Fürth">Fürth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtersloh" title="Gütersloh">Gütersloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen" title="Hagen">Hagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamm,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanau" title="Hanau">Hanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herne,_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia">Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim" title="Mülheim">Mülheim an der Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuss" title="Neuss">Neuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenbach_am_Main" title="Offenbach am Main">Offenbach am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldenburg_(city)" title="Oldenburg (city)">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recklinghausen" title="Recklinghausen">Recklinghausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remscheid" title="Remscheid">Remscheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salzgitter" title="Salzgitter">Salzgitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solingen" title="Solingen">Solingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfsburg" title="Wolfsburg">Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Germany" title="List of cities and towns in Germany">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Germany" title="List of municipalities in Germany">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_regions_in_Germany" title="Metropolitan regions in Germany">Metropolitan regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Germany_by_population" title="List of cities in Germany by population">Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_the_East_German_Bezirke332" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bezirke_DDR_Seats" title="Template:Bezirke DDR Seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bezirke_DDR_Seats" title="Template talk:Bezirke DDR Seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bezirke_DDR_Seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bezirke DDR Seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_the_East_German_Bezirke332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of the <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East German</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_East_Germany#Division_into_Bezirke" title="Administrative divisions of East Germany">Bezirke</a></i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Berlin" title="East Berlin">East Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera" title="Gera">Gera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Karl-Marx-Stadt (Chemnitz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neubrandenburg" title="Neubrandenburg">Neubrandenburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhl" title="Suhl">Suhl</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_East_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of East Germany"><img alt="Flag of East Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/21px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/42px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:East_Germany" title="Portal:East Germany">East Germany portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1746" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1746" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1711#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155908018">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1202874/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkdgmfJMjwQt968CGPPcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4046948-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Potsdam (Germany)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50057895">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Postupim (Německo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge250434&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452182">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810595739805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557374905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/8e6d774f-482e-4c57-b852-3d9696498ae6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044846">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&oldid=1277958408">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&oldid=1277958408</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Brandenburg" title="Category:Cities in Brandenburg">Cities in Brandenburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Potsdam" title="Category:Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_state_capitals" title="Category:German state capitals">German state capitals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_the_7th_century" title="Category:Populated places established in the 7th century">Populated places established in the 7th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:7th-century_establishments_in_Germany" title="Category:7th-century establishments in Germany">7th-century establishments in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urban_districts_of_Brandenburg" title="Category:Urban districts of Brandenburg">Urban districts of Brandenburg</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2023">Articles with dead external links from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_January_2025" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from January 2025">Articles lacking reliable references from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 February 2025, at 18:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potsdam&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Potsdam</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>126 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7b69fb859d-dqf9k","wgBackendResponseTime":290,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_b30009014da3fdc14507f7e00c025c37ef66d078":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1711","properties":{"title":"Potsdam","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1711","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Potsdam"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.517","walltime":"2.029","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12416,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":325774,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":30625,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":163294,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1610.046 1 -total"," 34.12% 549.367 1 Template:Infobox_German_place"," 33.35% 536.930 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 31.03% 499.584 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.07% 162.070 23 Template:Cite_web"," 9.19% 147.911 1 Template:IPA"," 8.37% 134.827 13 Template:Navbox"," 8.16% 131.309 1 Template:Reflist"," 7.04% 113.312 15 Template:Party_color"," 6.61% 106.412 7 Template:Population_Germany"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.803","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26510876,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-74c6488b-8c9gn","timestamp":"20250319160844","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Potsdam","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Potsdam","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1711","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1711","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-04-14T23:51:31Z","dateModified":"2025-02-27T18:20:39Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c0\/Havel-Park-Lake-Babelsberg-Downtown-Potsdam-Green.jpg","headline":"capital city of the German state of Brandenburg"}</script> </body> </html>