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href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Diocletianus" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Diocletianus" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Diocletianus" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Leven_voor_zijn_keizerschap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leven_voor_zijn_keizerschap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Leven voor zijn keizerschap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leven_voor_zijn_keizerschap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opvolging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opvolging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Opvolging</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opvolging-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Opvolging-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opvolging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dood_van_Numerianus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dood_van_Numerianus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dood van Numerianus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dood_van_Numerianus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diocles_tot_nieuwe_keizer_verheven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diocles_tot_nieuwe_keizer_verheven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Diocles tot nieuwe keizer verheven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diocles_tot_nieuwe_keizer_verheven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_met_Carinus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_met_Carinus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Conflict met Carinus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_met_Carinus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hervormer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hervormer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hervormer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hervormer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tetrarchie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tetrarchie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tetrarchie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tetrarchie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thermen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thermen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Thermen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thermen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Noten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Diocletianus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 84 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletian" title="Diokletian – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Diokletian" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocleci%C3%A1n" title="Dioclecián – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dioclecián" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ديوكلتيانوس – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديوكلتيانوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="ديوكلتيانوس – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديوكلتيانوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioclecianu" title="Dioclecianu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dioclecianu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletian" title="Diokletian – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Diokletian" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دیوکلسین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیوکلسین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Дыяклетыян – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыяклетыян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Диоклециан – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Диоклециан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioklecijan" title="Dioklecijan – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dioklecijan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocleci%C3%A0" title="Dioclecià – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dioclecià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Diocletian" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Diocletian" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletian" title="Diokletian – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Diokletian" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Διοκλητιανός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διοκλητιανός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Diocletian" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokleciano" title="Diokleciano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Diokleciano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocleciano" title="Diocleciano – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diocleciano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokleziano" title="Diokleziano – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Diokleziano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دیوکلتیان – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوکلتیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocl%C3%A9tien" title="Dioclétien – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dioclétien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletianus" title="Diokletianus – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Diokletianus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B3icl%C3%A9iti%C3%A1nas" title="Dióicléitiánas – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dióicléitiánas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E5%8E%84%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="底厄勒斯 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="底厄勒斯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocleciano" title="Diocleciano – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Diocleciano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="דיוקלטיאנוס – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיוקלטיאנוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="डायोक्लेटियन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डायोक्लेटियन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioklecijan" title="Dioklecijan – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dioklecijan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus_r%C3%B3mai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="Diocletianus római császár – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Diocletianus római császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Դիոկղետիանոս – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դիոկղետիանոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletianus" title="Diokletianus – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Diokletianus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocleziano" title="Diocleziano – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diocleziano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9" title="ディオクレティアヌス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディオクレティアヌス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletianus" title="Diokletianus – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Diokletianus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="დიოკლეტიანე – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიოკლეტიანე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4" title="디오클레티아누스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디오클레티아누스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Диоклетиан Гай Аврелий Валерий – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Диоклетиан Гай Аврелий Валерий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletian" title="Diokletian – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Diokletian" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletianas" title="Diokletianas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Diokletianas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokleti%C4%81ns" title="Diokletiāns – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Diokletiāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%B4kletiano" title="Diôkletiano – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Diôkletiano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Диоклецијан – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Диоклецијан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ഡയക്ലീഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡയക്ലീഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletian_av_Romarriket" title="Diokletian av Romarriket – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Diokletian av Romarriket" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletian" title="Diokletian – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Diokletian" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioclecian" title="Dioclecian – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dioclecian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioklecjan" title="Dioklecjan – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dioklecjan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocleciano" title="Diocleciano – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Diocleciano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocle%C8%9Bian" title="Dioclețian – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dioclețian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Диоклетиан – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диоклетиан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Диоклетиан – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Диоклетиан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuclezzianu" title="Diuclezzianu – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Diuclezzianu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioklecijan" title="Dioklecijan – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dioklecijan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Diocletian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokleci%C3%A1n" title="Dioklecián – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dioklecián" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioklecijan" title="Dioklecijan – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dioklecijan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokleciani" title="Diokleciani – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Diokleciani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Диоклецијан – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Диоклецијан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletian" title="Diokletian – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Diokletian" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรพรรดิดิออเกลติอานุส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิดิออเกลติอานุส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocleciano" title="Diocleciano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Diocleciano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Діоклетіан – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діоклетіан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="دائیوکلیشن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دائیوکلیشن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diokletian" title="Diokletian – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Diokletian" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Diocletian" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%88" title="戴克里先 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="戴克里先" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="დიოკლეტიანე – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიოკლეტიანე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Diocletian" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%88" title="戴克里先 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戴克里先" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Diocletianus" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%88" title="戴克里先 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="戴克里先" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43107#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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(CNG)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/DiocletianusFollis-transparent.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="277" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="263" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">foto: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (CNG)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboortedatum </th> <td colspan="2">22 december 244<sup id="cite_ref-BIRTH_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIRTH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sterfdatum </th> <td colspan="2">3 december 311 (leeftijd 66) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tijdvak </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tetrarchie_(Romeinse_Rijk)" title="Tetrarchie (Romeinse Rijk)">Tetrarchie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Periode </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/284" title="284">284</a> - <a href="/wiki/305" title="305">305</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorganger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a> & <a href="/wiki/Numerianus" title="Numerianus">Numerianus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Staatsvorm </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dominaat" title="Dominaat">Dominaat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Medekeizer </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Valerius_Maximianus_Herculius" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius">Maximianus</a> (<a href="/wiki/286" title="286">286</a>-<a href="/wiki/305" title="305">305</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#EAEAEA; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Persoonlijke gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Naam bij geboorte </th> <td colspan="2">Diocles </td></tr> <tr> <th>Naam als keizer </th> <td colspan="2">Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gehuwd met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Prisca_(keizerin)" title="Prisca (keizerin)">Prisca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#EAEAEA; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Romeinse_keizers" title="Lijst van Romeinse keizers">Romeinse keizers</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#EAEAEA; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Romeinse_Rijk" title="Portaal:Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse Rijk</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus</b> (geboren als <b>Diocles</b>) (ca. <a href="/wiki/22_december" title="22 december">22 december</a> <a href="/wiki/244" title="244">244</a> – <a href="/wiki/3_december" title="3 december">3 december</a> <a href="/wiki/311" title="311">311</a>) was <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Romeinse_keizers" title="Lijst van Romeinse keizers">Romeins keizer</a> van <a href="/wiki/20_november" title="20 november">20 november</a> <a href="/wiki/284" title="284">284</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1_mei" title="1 mei">1 mei</a> <a href="/wiki/305" title="305">305</a>. Hij was een belangrijke keizer die vooral bekend geworden is vanwege zijn bijzondere organisatorische talenten. Onder zijn keizerschap werden veel aspecten van het Romeinse rijk vernieuwd of opnieuw georganiseerd, zoals het leger, de provinciën, het monetaire systeem en de belastingen. Gedurende zijn loopbaan werd hij liefst negen keer <a href="/wiki/Consulaat_(Romeinse_Rijk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulaat (Romeinse Rijk)">consul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 303 ontketende hij de bloedige <a href="/wiki/Christenvervolgingen" title="Christenvervolgingen">christenvervolgingen</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leven_voor_zijn_keizerschap">Leven voor zijn keizerschap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Leven voor zijn keizerschap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Leven voor zijn keizerschap"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diocletianus werd rond 244 geboren in de buurt van <a href="/wiki/Salona_(stad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salona (stad)">Salona</a> in de <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_provincie" title="Romeinse provincie">Romeinse provincie</a> <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> (het huidige <a href="/wiki/Solin" title="Solin">Solin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kroati%C3%AB" title="Kroatië">Kroatië</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-BIRTH_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIRTH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn ouders noemden hem Diocles, of mogelijk Diocles Valerius.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De moderne historicus Timothy Barnes neemt 22 december, zijn officiële verjaardag, ook als zijn werkelijke geboortedatum. Andere historici zijn hier niet zo zeker van.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diocles' ouders waren van lage komaf. Schrijvers die kritisch over hem zijn, beschrijven zijn vader als een <a href="/wiki/Schrijver" title="Schrijver">schrijver</a> of <a href="/wiki/Libertus_(Rome)" title="Libertus (Rome)">vrijgelatene</a> van de senator Anullinus, of claimen dat Diocles zelf een <a href="/wiki/Libertus_(Rome)" title="Libertus (Rome)">vrijgelatene</a> was.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over de eerste veertig jaar van zijn leven is eigenlijk zo goed als niets bekend.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Rijk" title="Byzantijnse Rijk">Byzantijnse</a> kroniekschrijver <a href="/wiki/Zonaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Zonaras">Joannes Zonaras</a> vertelt dat hij <i><a href="/wiki/Dux_(aanvoerder)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dux (aanvoerder)">Dux</a> <a href="/wiki/Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia">Moesiae</a></i> was,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> een commandant van legereenheden aan de benedenloop van de <a href="/wiki/Donau" title="Donau">Donau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De vaak onbetrouwbaar geachte <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Augusta" title="Historia Augusta">Historia Augusta</a></i> verklaart dat hij in Gallië diende, maar aangezien deze bewering niet door andere bronnen wordt bevestigd, negeren moderne historici deze bewering.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De eerste keer dat Diocletianus' verblijfplaats nauwkeurig kan worden vastgesteld, is in 282, wanneer hij door de nieuwe keizer <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Carus" title="Marcus Aurelius Carus">Carus</a> tot commandant wordt benoemd van de <i>protectores domestici</i>, de elite cavalerie-eenheid die rechtstreeks aan het keizerlijk hof was verbonden. Deze post bracht hem in 283 ook de eer van een <a href="/wiki/Consul_(Rome)" title="Consul (Rome)">consulaat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In zijn rol als commandant van de <i>protectores domestici</i> nam hij deel aan Carus' Perzische campagne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opvolging">Opvolging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Opvolging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Opvolging"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dood_van_Numerianus">Dood van Numerianus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Dood van Numerianus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Dood van Numerianus"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Men weet de mysterieuze<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dood van Carus, tijdens een succesvolle oorlog met Perzië - misschien wel als gevolg van latere Diocletianische propaganda - aan het feit dat hij in zijn tent door de <a href="/wiki/Bliksem" title="Bliksem">bliksem</a> was getroffen.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Carus" title="Marcus Aurelius Carus">Carus</a> liet zijn zonen <a href="/wiki/Numerianus" title="Numerianus">Numerianus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a> als de nieuwe <i>Augusti</i> achter. Nadat hij het slechte nieuws had vernomen verliet Carinus zijn post in Gallië, waar hij als keizerlijk commissaris werkzaam was, en ging snel op weg naar Rome. Hij kwam daar in januari 284 aan en werd de legitieme keizer in het Westen. Numerianus bleef in het Oosten.<sup id="cite_ref-BNSCE4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNSCE4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Romeinse terugtrekking uit Perzië verliep ordelijk. Men had geen last van aanvallen van de Perzen.<sup id="cite_ref-SSC133_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSC133-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De <a href="/wiki/Sassanieden" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanieden">Sassanidische</a> koning <a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a> kon geen leger tegen de Romeinen in het veld brengen, aangezien hij moeite had om zijn gezag in zijn rijk te vestigen. In maart 284 was Numerianus nog niet verder gekomen dan <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Emesa (Homs)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>; in november reisde hij door <a href="/wiki/Klein-Azi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Klein-Azië">Klein-Azië</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Emesa was Numerianus blijkbaar nog in leven en in goede gezondheid, aangezien hij het enige overgeleverde rescriptie in zijn naam daar uitvaardigde,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maar nadat hij Emesa verliet liet zijn schoonvader, de prefect <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Flavius_Aper" title="Lucius Flavius Aper">Lucius Flavius Aper</a> en als zodanig de dominante invloed in de keizerlijke entourage,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weten dat Numerianus een ernstige <a href="/wiki/Oogontsteking" title="Oogontsteking">oogontsteking</a> zou hebben opgelopen. Vanaf dat moment reisde de keizer in een gesloten koets.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toen het leger <a href="/wiki/Bithyni%C3%AB" title="Bithynië">Bithynië</a> bereikte,<sup id="cite_ref-BNSCE4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNSCE4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> snoven enkele soldaten echter een onbestemde geur op die vanuit de koets afkomstig leek.<sup id="cite_ref-SSC133_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSC133-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zij openden daarop de gordijnen van de koets en vonden binnen de dode Numerianus.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zowel <a href="/wiki/Eutropius_(historicus)" title="Eutropius (historicus)">Eutropius</a> als <a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Victor" title="Aurelius Victor">Aurelius Victor</a> beschrijven de dood van Numerianus als <a href="/wiki/Moord" title="Moord">moord</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aper maakte dit nieuws in <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a> (het huidige <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmit" title="İzmit">İzmit</a>) in november officieel bekend.<sup id="cite_ref-P280_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P280-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diocles_tot_nieuwe_keizer_verheven">Diocles tot nieuwe keizer verheven</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Diocles tot nieuwe keizer verheven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Diocles tot nieuwe keizer verheven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerianus' generaals en tribunen riepen een raad bij elkaar om de opvolging te bespreken. Op 20 november 284 verzamelde het leger van het oosten zich op een heuvel zo’n 5 kilometer buiten <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a>. Er werd unaniem gekozen voor Diocles als de nieuwe Augustus,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dit ondanks Apers pogingen om steun te verwerven om zelf op de keizerlijke troon verkozen te worden.<sup id="cite_ref-P280_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P280-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diocles accepteerde de paarse keizerlijke gewaden. Hij hief zijn zwaard in het licht van de zon en zwoer een eed waarin hij elke verantwoordelijkheid voor de dood van Numerianus afwees.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diocles beweerde vervolgens dat Aper zijn schoonzoon Numerianus had vermoord en dit verborgen had gehouden.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In het volle zicht van het leger trok Diocles zijn zwaard en doodde daarmee Aper.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgens de - als niet al te betrouwbaar bekend staande - <i>Historia Augusta</i>, zou hij nadat hij Aper had gedood uit de <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneis" title="Aeneis">Aeneis</a></i> van <a href="/wiki/Vergilius" title="Vergilius">Vergilius</a> hebben geciteerd.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kort na de dood van Aper veranderde Diocles, die op 20 november 284 door de soldaten tot keizer was uitgeroepen, zijn naam in het meer Latijns klinkende "Diocletianus".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn volledige naam luidde nu Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_met_Carinus">Conflict met Carinus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Conflict met Carinus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Conflict met Carinus"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na zijn verheffing tot keizer werden in plaats van Carinus en Numerianus, Diocletianus en <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Caesonius_Ovinius_Manlius_Rufinianus_Bassus" title="Lucius Caesonius Ovinius Manlius Rufinianus Bassus">Lucius Caesonius Rufinianus Bassus</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tot <a href="/wiki/Consul_(Rome)" title="Consul (Rome)">consuls</a> benoemd en namen zij de <i><a href="/wiki/Fasces" title="Fasces">fasces</a></i> ter hand.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bassus was een lid van een <a href="/wiki/Senaat_(Rome)" title="Senaat (Rome)">senatoriale</a> familie uit <a href="/wiki/Campania" class="mw-redirect" title="Campania">Campania</a>, een voormalig consul en proconsul in de senatoriale provincie <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Romeinse_Rijk)" title="Africa (Romeinse Rijk)">Africa</a>, die door Probus was uitverkozen vanwege zijn voornaamheid.<sup id="cite_ref-BNSCE5_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNSCE5-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hij was bedreven op terreinen van het regeringsbeleid waarin Diocletianus vermoedelijk nog geen ervaring had opgedaan.<sup id="cite_ref-P280_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P280-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diocletianus' verheffing van Bassus tot consul symboliseerde zijn verwerping van Carinus' regering in Rome en zijn weigering om tweede viool in het orkest van een andere keizer te spelen.<sup id="cite_ref-BNSCE5_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNSCE5-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook gaf het zijn bereidheid aan om de al lang bestaande samenwerking tussen de senaat en de militaire aristocratie van het rijk voort te zetten.<sup id="cite_ref-P280_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P280-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hij verbond zodoende zijn succes aan dat van de Senaat, wiens steun hij nog nodig zou hebben als hij zou besluiten een mars op Rome te ondernemen.<sup id="cite_ref-BNSCE5_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNSCE5-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diocletianus was niet de enige uitdager van Carinus' regering: de <a href="/wiki/Usurpator" title="Usurpator">usurpator</a> <a href="/wiki/Julianus_I" title="Julianus I">M. Aurelius Julianus</a>, Carinus' <i>corrector Venetiae</i>, trok na de troonsbestijging van Diocletianus de controle over Noord-<a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pannoni%C3%AB" title="Pannonië">Pannonia</a> naar zich toe.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Julianus liet eigen munten slaan in de munt van Siscia (het huidige <a href="/wiki/Sisak_(Kroati%C3%AB)" title="Sisak (Kroatië)">Sisak</a> in Kroatië). Hij liet zich tot keizer uitroepen en beloofde vrijheid. Het was allemaal goede publiciteit voor Diocletianus, en het hielp hem in zijn voorstellen van Carinus als een wrede en onderdrukkende tiran.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Julianus' strijdkrachten waren echter zwak en werden al snel uiteen geslagen toen Carinus' legers van <a href="/wiki/Britannia_(Romeinse_provincie)" title="Britannia (Romeinse provincie)">Britannia</a> naar het Noorden van Italia trokken. </p><p>Als leider van het verenigde Oostelijk-Romeinse Rijk, was Diocletianus duidelijk de grotere bedreiging.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de winter van 284-85 trok Diocletianus via de <a href="/wiki/Balkan_(schiereiland)" title="Balkan (schiereiland)">Balkan</a> op naar het westen. In het voorjaar van 285, en wel voor het einde van mei,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ontmoetten de legers van Diocletianus en Carinus elkaar bij de rivier de Margus (<a href="/wiki/Moravi%C3%AB_(regio)" title="Moravië (regio)">Morava</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>. In moderne vertellingen is de plaats van de slag gelokaliseerd tussen de Mons Aureus (Seone, ten westen van <a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Viminacium" title="Viminacium">Viminacium</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BNSCE5_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BNSCE5-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in de buurt van het moderne <a href="/wiki/Belgrado" title="Belgrado">Belgrado</a> in <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%AB" title="Servië">Servië</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoewel Carinus over een sterker, krachtiger leger beschikte, was zijn positie zwak. Zijn heerschappij was impopulair; later werd beweerd dat hij de Senaat slecht had behandeld en zich ook nog schuldig had gemaakt aan het verleiden van een aantal vrouwen van zijn officieren.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het is mogelijk dat <a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a>, de gouverneur van Dalmatia en Diocletianus’ collega bij de <i>protectores domestici</i>, al in de vroege lente naar Diocletianus was overgelopen.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toen de <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_de_Margus" title="Slag bij de Margus">slag bij de Margus</a> begon, liep Carinus' prefect Aristobulus ook over.<sup id="cite_ref-P280_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P280-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de loop van de strijd werd Carinus door zijn eigen mannen gedood. Na de overwinning van Diocletianus bevestigden zowel het westelijke als het oostelijke leger hem als Augustus.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diocletianus eiste een eed van trouw van het verslagen leger en vertrok vervolgens naar Italia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na de dood van <a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a> in 285 was Diocletianus alleenheerser over het <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse Rijk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hervormer">Hervormer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hervormer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hervormer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diocletianus ontpopte zich spoedig als organisator en reorganisator van het Romeinse Rijk. Hij achtte het systeem van de Romeinse imperiale overheid niet opgewassen tegen interne conflicten en militaire dreigingen op twee fronten. Daarom besloot hij een van zijn vertrouwelingen uit het leger bij het landsbestuur te betrekken. Hij gaf zijn generaal <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Valerius_Maximianus_Herculius" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius">Maximianus</a> de titel van <i><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(titel)" title="Caesar (titel)">Caesar</a></i>, wat de traditionele manier was voor een keizer (<i><a href="/wiki/Augustus_(titel)" title="Augustus (titel)">Augustus</a></i>) om een opvolger aan te wijzen. Toch gaf hij Maximianus ook nog de titel van Augustus en zodoende deelden ze de keizerlijke macht: Diocletianus in het oosten en Maximianus in het westen. </p><p>De twee keizers verhieven <a href="/wiki/Milaan_(stad)" title="Milaan (stad)">Milaan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a> tot twee aparte hoofdsteden (aangezien <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a> te ver verwijderd was van de plaatsen waar het lot van het rijk beslist zou worden), wat de invloed van de <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Senaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeinse Senaat">Senaat</a> in Rome sterk verminderde. Diocletianus heeft veel economische en militaire hervormingen doorgevoerd, die uiteindelijk het bestaan van het Oost-Romeinse rijk aanzienlijk verlengd hebben: het <a href="/wiki/Oost-Romeinse_Rijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oost-Romeinse Rijk">Oost-Romeinse Rijk</a> heeft sedert de val van het <a href="/wiki/West-Romeinse_Rijk" title="West-Romeinse Rijk">West-Romeinse Rijk</a> in <a href="/wiki/476" title="476">476</a> nog bijna duizend jaar bestaan, namelijk tot de val van <a href="/wiki/Constantinopel" title="Constantinopel">Constantinopel</a> in 1453. </p><p>Deze keizer is vooral bekend om zijn buitengewone organisatorische talenten, en tijdens zijn keizerschap werden veel aspecten van het Romeinse Rijk vernieuwd of gereorganiseerd, op vier belangrijke terreinen: </p> <ul><li>Op <i>monetair vlak</i>: met zijn <i><a href="/wiki/Edictum_de_pretiis_rerum_venalium" title="Edictum de pretiis rerum venalium">edictum de pretiis rerum venalium</a></i>, waarbij de maximumprijs voor bepaalde goederen en diensten in het Romeinse Rijk werd vastgesteld. Bovendien voerde hij een nieuwe munt in om de <a href="/wiki/Inflatie" title="Inflatie">inflatie</a> tegen te gaan, en maakte hij de beroepen erfelijk.</li> <li>Op <i>militair vlak</i>: het leger werd opgedeeld in een veldleger en grenstroepen. Het veldleger, of de zogenaamde <i><a href="/wiki/Comitatenses" title="Comitatenses">comitatenses</a></i>, was een mobiele strijdmacht die bij een mogelijk gevaar onmiddellijk en snel kon uitrukken. De grenstroepen, de <i><a href="/wiki/Limitanei" title="Limitanei">limitanei</a></i> waren gelegerd in de forten aan de <a href="/wiki/Limes_(Romeinse_Rijk)" title="Limes (Romeinse Rijk)">limes</a>. Het hele leger, zo'n 600.000 man sterk, bestond grotendeels uit 'barbaren'.</li> <li>Op <i>administratief vlak</i>: het bestuursorgaan en de belastingen werden herzien, wat een gevolg was van de monetaire en militaire hervormingen.</li> <li>Op godsdienstig gebied vaardigde hij in 303 een eerste edict uit dat de laatste periode van <a href="/wiki/Christenvervolgingen_door_Diocletianus,_Galerius_en_Maximinus" title="Christenvervolgingen door Diocletianus, Galerius en Maximinus">Christenvervolgingen</a> in het Romeinse Rijk inluidde. Daar zou pas een eind aan komen met het <a href="/wiki/Edict_van_Milaan" title="Edict van Milaan">Edict van Milaan</a> van 313, waarmee <a href="/wiki/Constantijn_de_Grote" title="Constantijn de Grote">Constantijn de Grote</a> godsdienstvrijheid proclameerde.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tetrarchie">Tetrarchie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tetrarchie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tetrarchie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/293" title="293">293</a> wezen Diocletianus en Maximianus ieder een Caesar aan, respectievelijk <a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a> en <a href="/wiki/Constantius_I_%27Chlorus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantius I 'Chlorus'">Constantius Chlorus</a>. Zij waren echter niet alleen opvolgers - beiden kregen autoriteit over ongeveer een kwart van het rijk. Deze regeringsvorm noemde men de <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchie" title="Tetrarchie">tetrarchie</a>, <i>vier heersers</i> of <i>vier heersen</i>. Ieder van de vier heersers nam een deel van het immense rijk voor zijn rekening. </p><p>Op <a href="/wiki/1_maart" title="1 maart">1 maart</a> <a href="/wiki/305" title="305">305</a> kondigde Diocletianus aan dat de twee <i>caesars</i> hen op 1 mei 305 zouden opvolgen en dat hijzelf en Maximianus zouden aftreden. De twee nieuwe keizers zouden opnieuw twee caesars moeten benoemen. Na de ceremonies en nadat alles geregeld was, trok Diocletianus zich terug in <a href="/wiki/Paleis_van_Diocletianus" title="Paleis van Diocletianus">zijn paleis</a> in zijn geboortestreek <i>Spalatum</i> (het huidige <a href="/wiki/Split" title="Split">Split</a>) aan de <a href="/wiki/Adriatische_Zee" title="Adriatische Zee">Adriatische Zee</a> en wijdde hij de rest van zijn leven vooral aan tuinieren.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hij was de enige Romeinse keizer die het keizerschap vrijwillig opgaf. Hij moest echter wel meemaken dat de tetrarchie geen lang leven beschoren bleek, en weer vervangen werd door een eenhoofdige leiding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thermen">Thermen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Thermen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Thermen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Om zijn imago als christenvervolger wat op te vijzelen werd een groot complex aan badhuizen gebouwd, de <a href="/wiki/Thermen_van_Diocletianus" title="Thermen van Diocletianus">Thermen van Diocletianus</a>. Het bevond zich op het plateau van de <a href="/wiki/Viminaal" title="Viminaal">Viminaalheuvel</a>. Het complex is gebouwd vanaf 298, in opdracht van keizer Maximianus en werd in 306 ingewijd. Aangezien Maximianus in macht de mindere was van zijn medekeizer Diocletianus, werden de thermen naar deze laatste genoemd. De restanten zijn hedentendage nog duidelijk zichtbaar en vormen de basis van kerken en musea. De <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli_e_dei_Martiri" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri">Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri</a>, verbouwd door <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Buonarroti" title="Michelangelo Buonarroti">Michelangelo</a>, is daar een voorbeeld van. Ook het nabijgelegen treinstation <a href="/wiki/Termini" class="mw-redirect" title="Termini">Termini</a> ontleent er zijn naam aan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Hekster" title="Olivier Hekster">Olivier Hekster</a> en <a href="/wiki/Corjo_Jansen" title="Corjo Jansen">Corjo Jansen</a> (eds.), <i>Diocletianus. Tussen eenheid en versnippering</i>, 2018. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789460043994" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9789460043994</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noten">Noten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Noten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Noten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;-moz-column-width:30em; -webkit-column-width:30em; column-width:30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BIRTH-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-BIRTH_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BIRTH_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine</i>, Cambridge, 1982, pp. 30, 46; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA68">68</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170441/https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA68">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(pseudo-)<a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a>, <i>De mortibus persecutorum</i> 17.2. <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA25">25</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA297">297 (n. 93)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aurelius Victor, <i>De Caesaribus</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/victor.caes.html#39">39.1.</a> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, p. 648.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine</i>, Cambridge, 1982, p. 30; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA237">237</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA238">238</a>. Vergelijk <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">R. Rees</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Tetrarchy</i>, Edinburgh, 2004, p. 86: "We weten zelfs niet wanneer hij geboren is ...". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170105/https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA237">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(pseudo-)<a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Victor" title="Aurelius Victor">Aurelius Victor</a>, <i>De Caesaribus</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/victor.caes.html#39">39.1.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA4">4</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA68">68</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, p. 280; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA22">22</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA23">23</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zonaras, XII 31. <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Southern" title="Pat Southern">P. Southern</a></span>, <i>The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine</i>, Londen - New York, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA331">331</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA26">26</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170025/https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA331">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924025506/http://www.roman-emperors.org/dioclet.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">R.W. Mathisen</span>, art. Diocletian (284-305 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (1996-1997).</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA26">26</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scriptores Historiae Augustae, <i>Vita Cari et Carini et Numeriani</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/l/roman/texts/Historia_Augusta/Carus_et_al*.html#14">14-15</a>. <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA26">26</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA33">33</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA36">36</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170216/https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA36">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></span>, <i>A History of Rome Under the Emperors</i>, Londen: Routledge, 1999, blz. 348. Mommsen geeft een algemene opmerking over de politieke geschiedenis van het 3e-eeuwse Rome: "De verhalen die wij bezitten komen van buitenstaanders die in feite van niets weten" – blz. 346. Een moderne historica zoals Jill Harries (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">J. Harries</span>, <i>Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363: The New Empire</i>, Edinburgh, 2012, p. 27) noemt de vertelling van Carus' dood ronduit een <i>sprookje</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNSCE4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-BNSCE4_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNSCE4_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA4">4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SSC133-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-SSC133_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSC133_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. Southern</span>, <i>The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine</i>, Londen - New York, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133">133</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623165912/https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA4">4</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">W. Leadbetter</span>, art. Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2001)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412130849/http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 12 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Justinianus" title="Codex Justinianus">Codex Justinianus</a></i> V 52.2; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">W. Leadbetter</span>, art. Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2001)</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, p. 279. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412130849/http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 12 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Op enig moment vóór het einde van de 284 werden in Numerianus' naam munten uitgegeven in <a href="/wiki/Cyzicus_(Anatoli%C3%AB)" title="Cyzicus (Anatolië)">Cyzicus</a>, maar het is onmogelijk om te weten of hij dat moment officieel nog in leven was, of intussen al was opgevolgd, <i>Roman Imperial Coinage</i>, 5.2 Numerian, nr. 462; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, pp. 279-280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA34">34</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">W. Leadbetter</span>, art. Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2001)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412130849/http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 12 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA4">4</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">W. Leadbetter</span>, art. Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2001)</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">C.M. Odahl</span>, <i>Constantine and the Christian Empire</i>, New York, 2004, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=TG6FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA39">39</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA35">35</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412130849/http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 12 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eutropius_(historicus)" title="Eutropius (historicus)">Eutropius</a>, <i>Breviarium</i> 9.19; Aurelius Victor, <i>De Caesaribus</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/victor.caes.html#39">39.1.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P280-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-P280_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P280_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P280_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P280_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-P280_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA4">4</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA68">68</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA35">35</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA36">36</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528085647/http://www.roman-emperors.org/carinus.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">W. Leadbetter</span>, art. Carinus (283-285 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2001).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA4">4</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">C.M. Odahl</span>, <i>Constantine and the Christian Empire</i>, New York, 2004, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=TG6FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA39">39</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=TG6FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40">40</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA36">36</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA37">37</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170252/https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA37">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA4">4</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">W. Leadbetter</span>, art. Numerianus (283-284 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2001)</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">C.M. Odahl</span>, <i>Constantine and the Christian Empire</i>, New York, 2004, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=TG6FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA39">39</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=TG6FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40">40</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA37">37</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412130849/http://www.roman-emperors.org/numerian.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 12 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scriptores Historiae Augustae, <i>Vita Cari et Carini et Numeriani</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/l/roman/texts/Historia_Augusta/Carus_et_al*.html#13.3">13.3</a> (aangehaald in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A. Cameron</span>, <i>The later Roman Empire, AD 284-430</i>, Cambridge, 1993, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9mbNr5fNPewC&pg=PA31">31</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170404/https://books.google.be/books?id=9mbNr5fNPewC&pg=PA31">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Corcoran</span>, Before Constantine, in <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">N. Lenski</span> (ed.), <i>The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine</i>, Cambridge, 2006, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=cfRTip1qBJcC&pg=PA39">39</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine</i>, Cambridge, 1982, p. 3; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA68">68</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA69">69</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, p. 280; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Southern" title="Pat Southern">P. Southern</a></span>, <i>The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine</i>, Londen - New York, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134">134</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA37">37</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623165933/https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zijn volledige naam was L. Caesonius Ovinius Manlius Rufinianus Bassus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA69">69</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, p. 280; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. Southern</span>, <i>The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine</i>, Londen - New York, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134">134</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNSCE5-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-BNSCE5_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNSCE5_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNSCE5_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNSCE5_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA69">69</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528085647/http://www.roman-emperors.org/carinus.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">W. Leadbetter</span>, art. Carinus (283-285 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2001)</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. Southern</span>, <i>The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine</i>, Londen - New York, 2001, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134">134</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">135</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA38">38</a>. zie ook <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Banchich</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. Southern</span>, <i>The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine</i>, Londen - New York, 2001, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134">134</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">135</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA38">38</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170344/https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA38">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA69">69</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528085647/http://www.roman-emperors.org/carinus.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">W. Leadbetter</span>, art. Carinus (283-285 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2001)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA69">69</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, p. 280. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170510/https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA69">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">C.M. Odahl</span>, <i>Constantine and the Christian Empire</i>, New York, 2004, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=TG6FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40">40</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. Southern</span>, <i>The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine</i>, Londen - New York, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">135</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623170541/https://books.google.be/books?id=TG6FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40">Gearchiveerd</a> op 23 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA37">37</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA38">38</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">D.S. Potter</span>, <i>The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180–395</i>, New York, 2005, p. 280; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA37">37</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">T.D. Barnes</span>, <i>Constantine and Eusebius</i>, Cambridge, 1981, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?hl=nl&id=LGDjJK-JeSwC&pg=PA5">5</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">A.K. Bowman</span>, Diocletian and the First Tetrarchy, A.D. 284–305, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> XII (2005), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=MNSyT_PuYVMC&pg=PA69">69</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">C.M. Odahl</span>, <i>Constantine and the Christian Empire</i>, New York, 2004, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=TG6FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA40">40</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA38">38</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">P. Southern</span>, <i>The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine</i>, Londen - New York, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=-ySCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA135">135</a>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">S. Williams</span>, <i>Diocletian and the Roman Recovery</i>, New York, 1985 (= 1997), p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=9il6P3TPj-AC&pg=PA38">38</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFBurgersdijk2020"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Burgersdijk, Diederik</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (2020). <cite>Diocletianus' paleis te Split, of het raadsel van een plaats</cite>. <i>Hermeneus</i> 92.1, 10-17</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924025506/http://www.roman-emperors.org/dioclet.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20170924025506/http://www.roman-emperors.org/dioclet.htm</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&oldid=67888530">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diocletianus&oldid=67888530</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Romeins_keizer" title="Categorie:Romeins keizer">Romeins keizer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Persoon_in_de_3e_eeuw" title="Categorie:Persoon in de 3e eeuw">Persoon in de 3e eeuw</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina%27s_die_ISBN_magische_links_gebruiken" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken">Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 jul 2024 om 17:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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