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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">41 av. J.-C.</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 91 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2._%D2%9F._41" title="Ҳ. ҟ. 41 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҳ. ҟ. 41" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_v.C." title="41 v.C. – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="41 v.C." data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_aC" title="41 aC – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="41 aC" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="41 ق م – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="41 ق م" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="41 ق م – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="41 ق م" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_e.C." title="41 e.C. – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="41 e.C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%C9%99._41" title="E.ə. 41 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="E.ə. 41" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_v._Kr." title="41 v. Kr. – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="41 v. Kr." data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD.%D1%8D." title="41 да н.э. – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="41 да н.э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="41 да н. э. – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="41 да н. э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D0%B3._%D0%BF%D1%80.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="41 г. пр.н.е. – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="41 г. пр.н.е." data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/-41" title="-41 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="-41" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/41._p._n._e." title="41. p. n. e. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="41. p. n. e." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_aC" title="41 aC – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="41 aC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8ng_41_ni%C3%A8ng" title="Sèng 41 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sèng 41 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_p%C5%99._n._l." title="41 př. n. l. – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="41 př. n. l." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F._%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%87._41" title="П. эрч. 41 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="П. эрч. 41" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_CC" title="41 CC – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="41 CC" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_f.Kr." title="41 f.Kr. – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="41 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_v._Chr." title="41 v. Chr. – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="41 v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%CF%80.%CE%A7." title="41 π.Χ. – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="41 π.Χ." data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_BC" title="41 BC – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="41 BC" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/-41" title="-41 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="-41" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_a._C." title="41 a. C. – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="41 a. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_eKr" title="41 eKr – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="41 eKr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.a._41" title="K.a. 41 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="K.a. 41" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4%DB%B1_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="۴۱ (پیش از میلاد) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۴۱ (پیش از میلاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_eaa." title="41 eaa. – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="41 eaa." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_f.Kr." title="41 f.Kr. – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="41 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_f.Kr." title="41 f.Kr. – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="41 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_RC" title="41 RC – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="41 RC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/-41" title="-41 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="-41" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/41._pr._Kr." title="41. pr. Kr. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="41. pr. Kr." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._e._41" title="I. e. 41 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. e. 41" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84.%D5%A9.%D5%A1._41" title="Մ.թ.ա. 41 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մ.թ.ա. 41" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_SM" title="41 SM – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="41 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_aK" title="41 aK – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="41 aK" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_f.Kr." title="41 f.Kr. – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="41 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_a.C." title="41 a.C. – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="41 a.C." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D41%E5%B9%B4" title="紀元前41年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前41年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._41" title="ძვ. წ. 41 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვ. წ. 41" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91._%D0%B7._%D0%B4._41_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Б. з. д. 41 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Б. з. д. 41 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_41%EB%85%84" title="기원전 41년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기원전 41년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_b.z." title="41 b.z. – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="41 b.z." data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_a.C.n." title="41 a.C.n. – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="41 a.C.n." data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_v._Chr." title="41 v. Chr. – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="41 v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_a.C." title="41 a.C. – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="41 a.C." data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_m._pr._m._e." title="41 m. pr. m. e. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="41 m. pr. m. e." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D0%BF.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="41 п.н.е. – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="41 п.н.е." data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82._%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स.पू. ४१ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.पू. ४१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_SM" title="41 SM – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="41 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_AC" title="41 AC – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="41 AC" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_v._Chr." title="41 v. Chr. – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="41 v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_v._Chr." title="41 v. Chr. – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="41 v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A7" title="इ॰ पू॰ ४१ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इ॰ पू॰ ४१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_v.Chr." title="41 v.Chr. – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="41 v.Chr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/-41" title="-41 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="-41" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_f.Kr." title="41 f.Kr. – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="41 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/-41" title="-41 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="-41" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_p.n.e." title="41 p.n.e. – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="41 p.n.e." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_a.C." title="41 a.C. – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="41 a.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_k%C3%B1" title="41 kñ – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="41 kñ" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%C3%AE.Hr." title="41 î.Hr. – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="41 î.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="41 год до н. э. – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="41 год до н. э." data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="41 до н. е. – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="41 до н. е." data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_a.C." title="41 a.C. – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="41 a.C." data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/41._pr._n._e." title="41. pr. n. e. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="41. pr. n. e." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87_41" title="ပီႇၸီႇ 41 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႇၸီႇ 41" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_BC" title="41 BC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="41 BC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_pred_Kr." title="41 pred Kr. – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="41 pred Kr." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_pr._n._%C5%A1t." title="41 pr. n. št. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="41 pr. n. št." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_p.e.s." title="41 p.e.s. – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="41 p.e.s." data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/41._%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="41. п. н. е. – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="41. п. н. е." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_SM" title="41 SM – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="41 SM" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_f.Kr." title="41 f.Kr. – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="41 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_KK" title="41 KK – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="41 KK" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_41_%D0%BF.%D0%BC." title="Соли 41 п.м. – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 41 п.м." data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._503" title="พ.ศ. 503 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 503" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.e.%C3%B6%C5%88_41" title="B.e.öň 41 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="B.e.öň 41" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_BC" title="41 BC – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="41 BC" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%96_41" title="MÖ 41 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="MÖ 41" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D0%B1._%D1%8D._%D0%BA.)" title="41 ел (б. э. к.) – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="41 ел (б. э. к.)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="41 до н. е. – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="41 до н. е." data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil._av._41" title="Mil. av. 41 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mil. av. 41" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_a.C." title="41 a.C. – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="41 a.C." data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_TCN" title="41 TCN – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="41 TCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/41_UC" title="41 UC – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="41 UC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D41%E5%B9%B4" title="前41年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="前41年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._41" title="ჯვ. წ. 41 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვ. წ. 41" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_-_The_Meeting_of_Antony_and_Cleopatra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_-_The_Meeting_of_Antony_and_Cleopatra.jpg/220px-Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_-_The_Meeting_of_Antony_and_Cleopatra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_-_The_Meeting_of_Antony_and_Cleopatra.jpg/330px-Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_-_The_Meeting_of_Antony_and_Cleopatra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_-_The_Meeting_of_Antony_and_Cleopatra.jpg/440px-Sir_Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_-_The_Meeting_of_Antony_and_Cleopatra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2838" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend">Cléopâtre offre des fêtes somptueuses à Marc Antoine sur les rives du <a href="/wiki/Cydnus" title="Cydnus">Cydnus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cilicie" title="Cilicie">Cilicie</a>. <i>Anthony and Cleopatra</i>, par <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema" title="Lawrence Alma-Tadema">Lawrence Alma-Tadema</a>.</div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/44_av._J.-C." title="44 av. J.-C.">-44</a> <a href="/wiki/43_av._J.-C." title="43 av. J.-C.">-43</a> <a href="/wiki/42_av._J.-C." title="42 av. J.-C.">-42</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">-41</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/40_av._J.-C." title="40 av. J.-C.">-40</a> <a href="/wiki/39_av._J.-C." title="39 av. J.-C.">-39</a> <a href="/wiki/38_av._J.-C." title="38 av. J.-C.">-38</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_70_av._J.-C." title="Années 70 av. J.-C.">-70</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_60_av._J.-C." title="Années 60 av. J.-C.">-60</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_50_av._J.-C." title="Années 50 av. J.-C.">-50</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_40_av._J.-C." title="Années 40 av. J.-C.">-40</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_30_av._J.-C." title="Années 30 av. J.-C.">-30</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_20_av._J.-C." title="Années 20 av. J.-C.">-20</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_10_av._J.-C." title="Années 10 av. J.-C.">-10</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="IIIe siècle av. J.-C.">-III<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/IIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="IIe siècle av. J.-C.">-II<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ier_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="Ier siècle av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ier_si%C3%A8cle" title="Ier siècle">I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/IIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="IIe siècle">II<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="IIIe millénaire av. J.-C.">-III<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="IIe millénaire av. J.-C.">-II<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p><i>Cette page concerne l'année <b>41 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></b> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>.</i> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climat">Climat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Climat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Climat"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dans l'<a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9misph%C3%A8re_nord" title="Hémisphère nord">hémisphère nord</a>, les années <a href="/wiki/43_av._J.-C." title="43 av. J.-C.">–43</a> et –42 ont été parmi les plus froides des 2 500 dernières années (<span title="35,6 °F ou 275,2 K" style="cursor:help">2</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> de moins que la moyenne), en raison de l'émission de <a href="/wiki/%C3%89jecta_volcanique" title="Éjecta volcanique">téphras</a> obscurcissants et acidifiants (car riches en soufre) dans la <a href="/wiki/Troposph%C3%A8re" title="Troposphère">troposphère</a> par l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89ruption_volcanique" title="Éruption volcanique">éruption</a> du <a href="/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan">volcan</a> <a href="/wiki/Caldeira_Okmok" title="Caldeira Okmok">Okmok</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Al%C3%A9outiennes" title="Îles Aléoutiennes">îles Aléoutiennes</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>) en –43, qui ont mis environ deux ans et demi à retomber au sol<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChocHydroclimat42_43_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChocHydroclimat42_43-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les sources de l'époque citent aussi un climat inhabituel à partir du début de l'année -43, et les données géo-climatique ont récemment montré que l'an 43 et l'an 42 avant notre ère ont été parmi les années les plus froides des derniers millénaires pour l'hémisphère nord. Elles furent aussi le début de l'une des décennies les plus froides, accompagnées d'un bouleversement de l'hydroclimat (pluviométrie accrue ou sécheresse, selon les régions)<sup id="cite_ref-ChocHydroclimat42_43_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChocHydroclimat42_43-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1er_janvier" title="1er janvier"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier</a> : début à <a href="/wiki/Rome_antique" title="Rome antique">Rome</a> du <a href="/wiki/Consul_(Rome_antique)" title="Consul (Rome antique)">consulat</a> de <a href="/wiki/Publius_Servilius_Vatia_Isauricus_(consul_en_-48)" title="Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus (consul en -48)">Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus</a> (pour la seconde fois) et <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Antonius_Pietas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Antonius Pietas">Lucius Antonius Pietas</a><sup id="cite_ref-Drinkwater_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drinkwater-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Antoine" title="Marc Antoine">Marc Antoine</a> hiverne à <a href="/wiki/Ath%C3%A8nes" title="Athènes">Athènes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Auguste" title="Auguste">Octavien</a> rentre à Rome où il conduit les célébrations décrété par le Sénat et met en place des statues de la Concorde et déclare le retour de la paix civile. Il supervise l’attribution de lotissements aux vétérans et prépare la lutte contre <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Pomp%C3%A9e" title="Sextus Pompée">Sextus Pompée</a> en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_sicilienne" title="Révolte sicilienne">Sicile</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sheppard_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheppard-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Printemps" title="Printemps">Printemps</a> : <a href="/wiki/Marc_Antoine" title="Marc Antoine">Marc Antoine</a> se rend à <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ph%C3%A8se" title="Éphèse">Éphèse</a> où il est accueilli par un cortège <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" title="Dionysos">dionysiaque</a>. Il convoque une assemblée des cités et des communautés de la <a href="/wiki/Asie_(province_romaine)" title="Asie (province romaine)">province d’Asie</a> et leur demande le versement d’un tribut exceptionnel<sup id="cite_ref-Drinkwater_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drinkwater-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juin" title="Juin">Juin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Juillet" title="Juillet">juillet</a> : Marc Antoine arrive à <a href="/wiki/Tarse_(ville)" title="Tarse (ville)">Tarse</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Cilicie" title="Cilicie">Cilicie</a> ; il demande à la reine d’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte_antique" title="Égypte antique">Égypte</a><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9op%C3%A2tre_VII" title="Cléopâtre VII">Cléopâtre VII</a> de l’y rejoindre pour justifier son manquement lors de la campagne de 42.</li></ul> <ul><li>Fin de l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89t%C3%A9" title="Été">été</a> : <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9op%C3%A2tre_VII" title="Cléopâtre VII">Cléopâtre VII</a> rencontre <a href="/wiki/Marc_Antoine" title="Marc Antoine">Marc Antoine</a> à <a href="/wiki/Tarse_(ville)" title="Tarse (ville)">Tarse</a> et devient sa maîtresse ; ils se rendent ensemble en Égypte à la fin de l’année<sup id="cite_ref-Drinkwater_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drinkwater-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Elle l’entraîne dans le rêve d’un vaste empire oriental.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cembre" title="Décembre">Décembre</a> : <b><a href="/wiki/Guerre_de_P%C3%A9rouse" title="Guerre de Pérouse">guerre de Pérouse</a></b> (fin en mars 40 av. J.-C.). La femme et le frère de Marc Antoine, <a href="/wiki/Fulvie" title="Fulvie">Fulvie</a> et <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Antonius_Pietas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Antonius Pietas">Lucius Antonius</a>, essayaient d’exciter des mouvements populaires et une révolte des vétérans contre Octavien, à la suite des saisies de terre pour attribuer des lots aux vétérans. Lucius Antonius est assiégée dans <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rouse_(Italie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pérouse (Italie)">Pérouse</a> par <a href="/wiki/Auguste" title="Auguste">Octavien</a> et <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa">Marcus Agrippa </a><sup id="cite_ref-Jaques_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jaques-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Selon <a href="/wiki/Appien" title="Appien">Appien</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Palmyre" title="Palmyre">Palmyriens</a> repoussent une attaque de <a href="/wiki/Marc_Antoine" title="Marc Antoine">Marc Antoine</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>En <a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte" title="Égypte">Égypte</a>, la crue du <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">Nil</a> fait défaut pour la deuxième année consécutive<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s"></span>Décès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Décès" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsino%C3%A9_IV" title="Arsinoé IV">Arsinoé IV</a>, reine d’Égypte, assassinée sur ordre d’Antoine au <a href="/wiki/Temple_d%27Art%C3%A9mis_%C3%A0_%C3%89ph%C3%A8se" title="Temple d'Artémis à Éphèse">sanctuaire d’Artémis à Éphèse</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=41_av._J.-C.&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mark_Wilson2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._Mark_Wilson2020"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> R. Mark Wilson, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">An Alaskan volcano, climate change, and the history of ancient Rome</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a></span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 73, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 9,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-09-01" data-sort-value="2020-09-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> septembre 2020</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 17 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4563">10.1063/PT.3.4563</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+Alaskan+volcano%2C+climate+change%2C+and+the+history+of+ancient+Rome&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.issue=9&rft.au=R.+Mark+Wilson&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2FPT.3.4563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A41+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChocHydroclimat42_43-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChocHydroclimat42_43_2-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-ChocHydroclimat42_43_2-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="McConnellSiglPlunkettBurke2020"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_R._McConnellMichael_SiglGill_PlunkettAndrea_Burke2020"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Joseph R. <span class="nom_auteur">McConnell</span>, Michael <span class="nom_auteur">Sigl</span>, Gill <span class="nom_auteur">Plunkett</span> et Andrea <span class="nom_auteur">Burke</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Extreme climate after massive eruption of Alaska’s Okmok volcano in 43 BCE and effects on the late Roman Republic and Ptolemaic Kingdom</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 117, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 27,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-07-07" data-sort-value="2020-07-07">7 juillet 2020</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">15443–15449</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a></span> et <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1091-6490">1091-6490</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32571905">32571905</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMCID</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7354934">PMC7354934</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002722117">10.1073/pnas.2002722117</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.2002722117">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-11-02" data-sort-value="2020-11-02">2 novembre 2020</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extreme+climate+after+massive+eruption+of+Alaska%E2%80%99s+Okmok+volcano+in+43+BCE+and+effects+on+the+late+Roman+Republic+and+Ptolemaic+Kingdom&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issue=27&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=Joseph+R.&rft.au=Sigl%2C+Michael&rft.au=Plunkett%2C+Gill&rft.au=Burke%2C+Andrea&rft.date=2020-07-07&rft.volume=117&rft.pages=15443%E2%80%9315449&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.2002722117&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32571905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A41+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drinkwater-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drinkwater_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drinkwater_3-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Drinkwater_3-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="DrinkwaterVenning2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_DrinkwaterTimothy_Venning2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John Drinkwater et Timothy Venning, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Chronology of the Roman Empire</cite>, London/New York, <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>, <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4411-5478-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4411-5478-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4411-5478-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=TnoxvIOoVzsC&pg=PA313">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.place=London%2FNew+York&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.aulast=Drinkwater&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Timothy+Venning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-5478-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A41+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sheppard-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sheppard_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sheppard2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Si_Sheppard2008">Si Sheppard, <cite class="italique">Philippi 42 BC : The Death of the Roman Republic</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>, <time>2008</time>, 96 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-84603-265-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-84603-265-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-84603-265-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=hspzOSXKOiMC&pg=PA14">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philippi+42+BC&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.stitle=The+Death+of+the+Roman+Republic&rft.aulast=Sheppard&rft.aufirst=Si&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=96&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-265-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A41+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jaques-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jaques_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jaques2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tony_Jaques2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Tony Jaques, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Dictionary of Battles and Sieges : P-Z</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3, Westport (Conn.), <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>, <time>2007</time>, 1354 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-313-33539-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-313-33539-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-313-33539-6</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-313-33536-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-313-33536-2"><span class="nowrap">0-313-33536-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=tW_eEVbVxpEC&pg=PA790">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges+%3A+P-Z&rft.place=Westport+%28Conn.%29&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.aulast=Jaques&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=3&rft.tpages=1354&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33539-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A41+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Choisnel2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emmanuel_Choisnel2004">Emmanuel Choisnel, <cite class="italique">Les Parthes et la Route de la Soie</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2004</time>, 278 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-296-37203-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-296-37203-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-296-37203-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=bZxRZQ6WA60C&pg=PA93">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Parthes+et+la+Route+de+la+Soie&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.aulast=Choisnel&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=278&rft.isbn=978-2-296-37203-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A41+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2007"><cite class="italique">Les collections de L'histoire, Numéros 34 à 37</cite>, Paris, Société d'éditions scientifiques, <time>2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ixALAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA98">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+collections+de+L%27histoire%2C+Num%C3%A9ros+34+%C3%A0+37&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+d%27%C3%A9ditions+scientifiques&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A41+av.+J.-C."></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Monde_antique" title="Portail du monde antique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Portal_Antiquity_icon.svg/24px-Portal_Antiquity_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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