Human or Humanized Single Domain Antibody (SdAb) Discovery Service

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We are committed to providing highly customized comprehensive solutions with the best quality to advance your projects. </p> <b class="Highlights_tit">Highlights</b> <ul class="HighlightsArea"> <li class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-sm-6"> <img src="static/images/Abouts-menu-lights-pic-1.jpg" srcset="static/images/Abouts-menu-lights-pic-1.webp 1x" width="200" height="131" loading="lazy"><a href="aboutus.html" class="bannerbutton"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>About CBL </a> </li> <li class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-sm-6"> <img src="static/images/Abouts-menu-lights-pic-2.jpg" srcset="static/images/Abouts-menu-lights-pic-2.webp 1x" width="200" height="131" loading="lazy"><a href="contactus.html" class="bannerbutton"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>Contact Us </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <script> window.addEventListener('load',function(){ var arr = ['/drug-discovery/therapeutics/','/bioconjugation/','/adc/']; $('.mennav ul li a').each(function(){ var $this = $(this); var href = $this.attr("href").toLocaleLowerCase(); $.each(arr, function(index, value) { if (href && href.startsWith(value)) { $this.attr('target', '_blank'); } }); }); }); </script> </div> <div class="top-search search-group"> <div class="col-md-5 col-sm-6"> <label class="radio-inline"><input type="radio" name="search" class="rdo_productsearch" value="product" data-type="product" placeholder="Please input cat#, product name, abbr, or keywords."> Product</label> <label class="radio-inline"><input type="radio" name="search" class="rdo_servicesearch" value="service" data-type="service" placeholder="Please input your keywords."> Service</label> <label class="radio-inline"><input type="radio" name="search" class="rdo_googlesearch" value="google" data-type="google" placeholder="Please input your keywords." checked="checked"> Keyword</label> </div> <div class="col-md-7 col-sm-6 search-div"> <input id="keys" name="keys" placeholder="Please input your keywords." class="search-input"> <div class="selectItems"></div> <span class="search_btn"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="searchShow"> <div class="searchtopbg"></div> <span class="searchclosed"><i class="fa fa-times"></i>Close</span> <div class="addsearch search-group"></div> </div> <div class="banner_inpage services_bg_2"> <div class="auto-container small_content-width about_container"> <ul class="bread-crumb clearfix"> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="javascrpt:void(0)">Discovery</a></li><li><a href="javascrpt:void(0)">By Binder</a></li><li><a href="/sdab-single-domain-antibody.html">Single Domain Antibody (SdAb) Discovery</a></li> <li>Human/Humanized SdAb Discovery</li> </ul> <p>"Creative Biolabs is committed to providing highly customized comprehensive solutions with the best quality to advance our global clients’ projects."</p> </div> </div> <script> window.addEventListener('load', function () { if (($('.bread-crumb li:last-child').text()) == "Peer-Reviewed Publications") { $(".banner_inpage").addClass("peer-reviewed-publications_bg").removeClass("services_bg_2"); } if ($(window).hasClass('bread-crumb')) { if ($(".bread-crumb").html().indexOf("RESOURCE") > -1) { $(".pronote").hide(); } if ($(".bread-crumb").html().indexOf("Careers") > -1) { $(".pronote").hide(); } } }); </script> <div class="small_content-width services-container"> <div class="col-md-9"> <div class="inpage_section_title"> <h1>Human or Humanized Single Domain Antibody (SdAb) Discovery Service</h1> </div> <div class="page-tab"> <span onclick="window.location.href=window.location.pathname+'#tab1'">Background</span> <span onclick="window.location.href=window.location.pathname+'#tab2'">Services</span> <span onclick="window.location.href=window.location.pathname+'#tab3'">Published Data</span> <span onclick="window.location.href=window.location.pathname+'#tab4'">FAQ</span> <span onclick="window.location.href=window.location.pathname+'#tab5'">Resources</span> </div> <script> window.addEventListener('load',function(){ page_tab_margin() page_tab_css(); })</script> <h2 class="h2_tit page_tab_margin" id="tab1"> Background </h2> <p> Single domain antibodies are antibody fragments consisting of a single monomeric variable antibody domain. Like a whole antibody, it is able to bind selectively to a specific antigen. With beneficial pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties, they are ideally suited to targeting cellular antigens for molecular imaging or therapeutic purposes. However, because of their camelid or nonhuman origin, the possible immunogenicity of single domain antibodies when used in the clinic is a concern. </p> <p class="show-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/Humanized-sdAb-Production.JPG" width="630" height="447" alt="Fig. 1 Schematic overview of the single domain antibody humanization strategy. (Cécile Vincke, 2009)" />Fig. 1 Schematic overview of the single domain antibody humanization strategy. (Cécile Vincke, 2009) </p> <h2 class="h2_tit page_tab_margin" id="tab2"> Human or Humanized SdAb Production Services </h2> <p> <strong>Creative Biolabs</strong> has extensive experience in generating human single domain antibodies and humanizing single domain antibodies. We have developed synthetic human single domain antibody phage display libraries using humanized single domain antibody scaffolds. Human single domain antibodies against all targets can be rapidly isolated from these libraries. In addition, by immunizing a unique strain of transgenic mice available from a partner that harbors human single domain antibody gene repertoires, Creative Biolabs is able to produce immune human single domain antibody libraries that can produce high affinity human single domain antibodies against the immunogens. </p> <p> Single domain antibody humanization services are also available at <strong>Creative Biolabs</strong>. In the first straightforward approach that employs soluble, stable, well expressed universal humanized single domain antibody scaffolds, CDR regions of a parental single domain antibody can be directly grafted with the antigen-specificity and affinity of the parental antibody transferred. Regular CDR grafting plus the back-mutation method is also frequently used to humanize single domain antibodies at Creative Biolabs. </p> <h2 class="h2_tit page_tab_margin" id="tab3"> Published Data </h2> <ul class="ullist"> <li> <strong>Humanized CD7 sdAb-based Immunotoxins Development</strong> </li> </ul> <p class="show-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/1-1-2-6-human-or-humanized-sdab-discovery-2.jpg" width="580" height="350" alt="Fig. 2 In vivo evaluation of dhuVHH6-PE38 in CEM xenograft tumor model. (Yuan Yu, 2017)" />Fig. 2 <em>In vivo</em> evaluation of dhuVHH6-PE38 in CEM xenograft tumor model. (Yuan Yu, 2017) </p> <p> The researchers humanized previously produced monovalent and bivalent CD7 single-domain antibody-based immunotoxins that effectively trigger apoptosis in CD7-positive malignant cells, and further truncated PE38 toxins derived from Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE). Three new immunotoxins, dhuVHH6-PE38, dVHH6-PE-LR, and dhuVHH6-PE-LR, were successfully constructed. The results showed that all immunotoxins maintained the ability to specifically bind to CD7 positive T lymphocytes but not to CD7 negative control cells. These proteins can be endocytosed into the cytoplasm after binding to CD7-positive cells, but this phenomenon was not observed in CD7-negative cells. The WST-8 assay showed that all immunotoxins retained efficient and specific growth inhibitory activity against CD7 positive cell lines and primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. <em>In vivo</em> animal model experiments showed that humanized dhuVHH6-PE38 immunotoxin could tolerate higher doses and prolong the survival time of mice transplanted with CEM cells. </p> <ul class="ullist"> <li> <strong>Anti-CD72 Humanized SdAb CAR-T Cells Development</strong> </li> </ul> <p class="show-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/1-1-2-6-human-or-humanized-sdab-discovery-3.jpg" width="640" height="203" alt="Fig. 3 In vitro 24-hour cytotoxicity assays comparing H24, NbD4, and CD19 CAR-T cells against SEM and JeKo-1. (Ying Fu, 2022)" />Fig. 3 <em>In vitro</em> 24-hour cytotoxicity assays comparing H24, NbD4, and CD19 CAR-T cells against SEM and JeKo-1. (Ying Fu, 2022) </p> <p> CD72 is described as a promising target for B-cell malignant tumors. The scientists humanized the single-domain antibody framework region derived from the llama to produce a series of humanized anti-CD72 sdAbs. These sdAbs binders were inserted into second-generation CD72 CAR-T cells and evaluated for preclinical models of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Subsequently, the researchers found a clone (H24) that could enhance the efficacy of B-cell tumors. Compared with the full llama framework, H24 has a slightly higher binding affinity for CD72, which may be the basis for improving effectiveness. After treatment with H24 nanoCARs, recurrence <em>in vivo</em> was accompanied by a down-regulation of CD72 antigen, which was partially reversible. The H24 single-domain antibody clone was found to have no off-target binding, so it was designated as a real clinical candidate. </p> <script type="text/javascript"> window.addEventListener('load',function(){ faqlist(4); }); </script> <h2 class="h2_tit page_tab_margin" id="tab4"> FAQ </h2> <ol class="ollist faqlist"> <li> <span class="sFAQTit">What is a humanized single domain antibody?</span> <p> A humanized single domain antibody is an engineering version of sdAb, modified to improve its compatibility with the human immune system. Humanization involves modifying the amino acid sequences of sdAb to make them more similar to human antibody sequences, thereby reducing their immunogenicity. This process is important for therapeutic applications because it minimizes the risk of adverse immune reactions, such as the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), that neutralize therapeutic effects or cause other complications. </p> </li> <li> <span class="sFAQTit">What is the therapeutic application of human and humanized single domain antibodies?</span> <p> <strong>Oncology</strong>: sdAbs is small in size and can penetrate tumors more effectively, thus accurately targeting cancer cells or the tumor microenvironment.<br /> <strong>Infectious diseases</strong>: sdAbs can bind to conserved regions of viruses or bacteria, making them excellent candidates for neutralizing sources of infection.<br /> <strong>Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases</strong>: humanized sdAb can be designed to block cytokines or cell surface receptors involved in autoimmune and inflammatory processes.<br /> <strong>Neurological diseases</strong>: sdAbs has the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier and can be used to target pathological proteins related to diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. </p> </li> <li> <span class="sFAQTit">How are human or humanized single domain antibodies developed?</span> <p> Selection of targets and initial antibody production.<br /> Sequencing and humanization.<br /> Synthesis and expression of humanized antibodies.<br /> Functional and immunogenicity tests. </p> </li> </ol> <div class="reference"> <strong>References</strong> <ol class="ollist decimal"> <li> Vincke C, <em>et al</em>. General strategy to humanize a camelid single-domain antibody and identification of a universal humanized nanobody scaffold. <em>J Biol Chem</em>. 2009 Jan 30;284(5):3273-3284. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M806889200. Epub 2008 Nov 14. </li> <li> Yu Y, <em>et al</em>. Humanized CD7 nanobody-based immunotoxins exhibit promising anti-T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia potential. <em>Int J Nanomedicine</em>. 2017 Mar 13;12:1969-1983. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S127575. </li> <li> Fu Y, <em>et al</em>. A humanized nanobody phage display library yields potent binders of SARS CoV-2 spike. <em>PLoS One</em>. 2022 Aug 10;17(8):e0272364. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272364. </li> </ol> </div> <h2 class="h2_tit page_tab_margin" id="tab5"> Resources </h2> <p> Use the resources in our library to help you understand your options and make critical decisions for your study. </p> <div class="tab_nav"> <span class="tab_choosebg">Videos</span><span>Podcasts</span><span>Infographic</span><span>Flyer</span> <span>Case study </span><span>Brochures</span> </div>  <div class="tab_cont" style="display:block;"> <div class="row pagerow_pt"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/a-potent-sars-cov-2-neutralizing-sdab.png" alt="Webinar: A Potent SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing SdAb" /> </div> <a href="https://youtu.be/TOnpBGaV6RE" target="_blank">Webinar: A Potent SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing SdAb</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/antibody-humanization-service.jpg" alt="Antibody Humanization Service" /> </div> <a href="https://youtu.be/cOYkgrybIJk" target="_blank">Antibody Humanization Service</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/video-phage-display-technology.png" alt="Phage Display Technology" /> </div> <a href="https://youtu.be/mczJ3ZbpVW8" target="_blank">Phage Display Technology</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/video-development-of-monoclonal-antibodies-s.png" alt="Antibody Library Screening" /> </div> <a href="https://youtu.be/NGqipRkxXiY" target="_blank">Antibody Library Screening</a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="tab_cont"> <div class="therapy_ad"> <a href="therapeutic-antibody.html"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/podcasts-ad.png" width="1700" height="500" srcset="../static/img/podcasts-ad.webp 1x,../static/img/podcasts-ad.webp 2x,../static/img/podcasts-ad.webp 3x" alt="In this brand new podcast series, we will show you everything you want to know about CAR-T therapy, including the mechanism, current applications, technology limitations, and potential strategies." /></a> </div> </div>  <div class="tab_cont"> <div class="row pagerow_pt"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/images/antibody-humanization-1.jpg" width="600" height="500" alt="Antibody Humanization" /> </div> <a href="https://go.creative-biolabs.com/antibody-humanization-infographic.html">Antibody Humanization</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/images/paghe-display-1.jpg" width="600" height="500" alt="Phage Display Technology" /> </div> <a href="https://go.creative-biolabs.com/phage-display-infographic.html">Phage Display Technology</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/images/Ribosome-Display-1.jpg" width="600" height="500" alt="Ribosome Display Technology" /> </div> <a href="https://go.creative-biolabs.com/ribosome-display-infographic.html">Ribosome Display Technology</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/images/Yeast-Display-Infographic-1.jpg" width="600" height="500" alt="Yeast Display Technology" /> </div> <a href="https://go.creative-biolabs.com/yeast-display-infographic.html">Yeast Display Technology</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/images/Bacterial-Display-Creative-Biolabs.jpg" width="600" height="500" alt="A Brief Introduction to Antibodies" /> </div> <a href="https://go.creative-biolabs.com/bacterial-display-infographic.html">Bacterial Display Technology</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/images/Antibody-Library-Screening-Creative-Biolabs.jpg" width="600" height="500" alt="Antibody Library Screening" /> </div> <a href="https://go.creative-biolabs.com/antibody-library-screening.html">Antibody Library Screening</a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="tab_cont"> <div class="row pagerow_pt"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/images/Domain-Antibody-Engineering-Discovery-1.jpg" width="600" height="500" alt="Phage Display Technology in Creative Biolabs" /> </div> <a href="/resource/pdf/com/flyers/Flyer-sdAb-Discovery-and-Engineering.pdf">Single Domain Antibody Engineering & Discovery</a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="tab_cont"> <div class="row pagerow_pt"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/sdab/images/Case-Study-4.jpg" width="530" height="500" alt="sdAb Development for Soluble Protein Target" /> </div> <a 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height="500" alt="sdAb Development via Premade HuSdL-1 Library" /> </div> <a href="https://go.creative-biolabs.com/sdab-development-via-premade-husdl-1-library.html">sdAb Development via Premade HuSdL-1 Library</a> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit_2"> <img loading="lazy" src="/resource/sdab/images/Case-Study-3.jpg" width="530" height="500" alt="sdAb Development for Low Immunogenic Target" /> </div> <a href="https://go.creative-biolabs.com/sdab-development-for-low-immunogenic-target.html">sdAb Development for Low Immunogenic Target</a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="tab_cont"> <div class="row pagerow_pt"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="pagerow_pt_unit"> <img loading="lazy" src="../static/img/sdAb-Discovery-and-Engineering-pic.png" width="600" height="500" alt="Anti-idiotypic Antibody Developmen" /> </div> <a href="/resource/sdab/pdf/com/brochure/Single-Domain-Antibody-Discovery-Creative-Biolabs-2019.pdf">sdAb Discovery and Engineering</a> </div> </div> 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Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.</p> <div class="related-sections"> <b>Related Sections</b> <b>Services</b> <ul class="related-sections-ul"> <li><a href="/Antibody-Camelization-Services.html" >Antibody Camelization (Convert to Single Domain Ab) Service</a></li> <li><a href="/single-domain-antibody-library-service.html" >Single Domain Antibody (SdAb) Library Construction and Screening Service</a></li> <li><a href="/sdab-affinity-maturation.html" >Single Domain Antibody (SdAb) Affinity Maturation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/sdab-affinity-improvement.html" >Strategies to Improve Single Domain Antibody (SdAb) Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/bispecific-sdab-production.html" >Bispecific Single Domain Antibody (SdAb) Discovery Service</a></li> <li><a href="/anti-bbb-sdab-discovery-service.html" >Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Specific Single Domain Antibody (SdAb) Discovery Service</a></li> <li><a href="/sdab-discovery-against-membrane-proteins-by-dna-immunization.html" 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