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href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/">Ucla</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/Departments/Department_of_Classics/Documents">Department of Classics</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/">Ucla</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/Departments/Program_in_Indo_European_Studies/Documents">Program in Indo-European Studies</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Dieter" data-follow-user-id="373657" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" 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During that time, I spent two years studying at the University of Vienna and several summers at the Latin/Greek Institute in New York. After grad school, I worked at the University of Munich 2010-2017 and the University of Richmond 2017-2024 before moving to UCLA.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="373657">View All (38)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="373657" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" 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data-work-id="37747599"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37747599/Vina_Diem_Celebrent_Studies_in_Linguistics_and_Philology_in_Honor_of_Brent_Vine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57778193/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37747599/Vina_Diem_Celebrent_Studies_in_Linguistics_and_Philology_in_Honor_of_Brent_Vine">Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://grinnell.academia.edu/AngeloOMercado">Angelo O Mercado</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Edited by Dieter Gunkel, Stephanie W. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36279218"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36279218/Language_and_Meter"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Language and Meter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56184668/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36279218/Language_and_Meter">Language and Meter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/OlavHackstein">Olav Hackstein</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gunkel, Dieter and Olav Hackstein. 2018. Language and Meter (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages and Linguistics 18). Leiden: Brill.</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Language and Meter, Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein unite fifteen linguistic studies on a var...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Language and Meter, Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein unite fifteen linguistic studies on a variety of poetic traditions, including the Homeric epics, the hieratic hymns of the Ṛgveda, the Gathas of the Avesta, early Latin and the Sabellic compositions, Germanic alliterative verse, Insular Celtic court poetry, and Tocharian metrical texts. The studies treat a broad range of topics, including the prehistory of the hexameter, the nature of Homeric formulae, the structure of Vedic verse, rhythm in the Gathas, and the relationship between Germanic and Celtic poetic traditions. 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Jamison</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/BrentVine">Brent Vine</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://princeton.academia.edu/JoshuaTKatz">Joshua T. Katz</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/michaelweiss">Michael Weiss</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f4b4ebd490ad26181fb28ade47921982" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44082942,"asset_id":23679403,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44082942/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="23679403"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23679403"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23679403; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23679403]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23679403]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23679403; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='23679403']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23679403, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f4b4ebd490ad26181fb28ade47921982" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=23679403]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":23679403,"title":"Sahasram Ati Srajas. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Articles" id="Articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Articles by Dieter Gunkel</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120285484"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120285484/_Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_Ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of (Sandell & Gunkel) On the representation and realization of the Ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115486289/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120285484/_Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_Ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music">(Sandell & Gunkel) On the representation and realization of the Ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Greek Linguistics</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns found on or near prosodically prominent syllables in Ancient Greek, namely, the distinction between the so-called “acute” and “circumflex” accents. Empirically, we investigate in detail the correlation between tones and tunes in the Delphic hymns (DAGM 20 and 21) on syllables capable of bearing a circumflex accent (i.e., syllables containing a long vowel or diphthong = VV-syllables). This data supports two major findings. First, VV-syllables with circumflex accent are significantly more likely to be set to a melism than VV-syllables that are acute, grave, or unaccented, and, moreover, the proportion of melismatic settings among acute, unaccented, and grave VVsyllables does not significantly differ. Second, circumflex melisms consistently (always or nearly so) fall in pitch (on average, by three semitones), whereas acute and unaccented melisms may either rise or fall (on average, by 1.5–2.25 semitones in either direction). Taken together, this data conforms to the usual description of the circumflex as a falling pitch, [H L], but speaks against claims that the acute constitutes a rising pitch ([L H], or High alone aligned with the latter portion of a VV-syllable, [∅ H]). We instead conclude that the acute represents a single High pitch target phonologically mapped to the entirety of a VV-syllable, and discuss the implications for the phonological analysis of the prosody of Ancient Greek in light of the typology of contour tones.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="547c87c5438ed8ee43ac006170c8c910" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115486289,"asset_id":120285484,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115486289/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120285484"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120285484"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120285484; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120285484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120285484]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120285484; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120285484']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 120285484, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "547c87c5438ed8ee43ac006170c8c910" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120285484]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120285484,"title":"(Sandell \u0026 Gunkel) On the representation and realization of the Ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1163/15699846-02401004","issue":"1","volume":"21","abstract":"This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns found on or near prosodically prominent syllables in Ancient Greek, namely, the distinction between the so-called “acute” and “circumflex” accents. 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Taken together, this data conforms to the usual description of the circumflex as a falling pitch, [H L], but speaks against claims that the acute constitutes a rising pitch ([L H], or High alone aligned with the latter portion of a VV-syllable, [∅ H]). We instead conclude that the acute represents a single High pitch target phonologically mapped to the entirety of a VV-syllable, and discuss the implications for the phonological analysis of the prosody of Ancient Greek in light of the typology of contour tones.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120285484/_Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_Ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-05-30T13:18:57.158-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":41786338,"work_id":120285484,"tagging_user_id":373657,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7787387,"email":"r***l@lrz.uni-muenchen.de","display_order":-1,"name":"Ryan Sandell","title":"(Sandell \u0026 Gunkel) On the representation and realization of the Ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":115486289,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115486289/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2024_acute_offprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115486289/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representatio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115486289/2024_acute_offprint-libre.pdf?1717102252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representatio.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=VzOjZ~czKEy8ZQMhnreFVipuFwrzncBNZds8s3xNz43phKzs~wnOP0tN5eCsS3Z5CGc4w-Jl3xiSw4zaTKRseSHl3UJOzeBJCsRwexubm78cbmA39DMl~HG9UHE-yjsVWsCLel10yRUuzFADsU5BLzx1sjpmXdZlGm5wydW-GHiSvAKVGu6yFVt72b1mmm5MpWOa0MZSYBc3MGG9a1h6m1Sku1haxKRBdFirMQuloU1xRlzBJTMPknM7XVeQqQDNbc7164zRML3QtY9LZ0AbVi8JA1YHHDpM8PKLV6V-r7lG6oPAu7xTHA23eBInTpCHl0M2lZW3ozTuPXkxfycBYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_Ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music","translated_slug":"","page_count":106,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":115486289,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115486289/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2024_acute_offprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115486289/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representatio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115486289/2024_acute_offprint-libre.pdf?1717102252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representatio.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=VzOjZ~czKEy8ZQMhnreFVipuFwrzncBNZds8s3xNz43phKzs~wnOP0tN5eCsS3Z5CGc4w-Jl3xiSw4zaTKRseSHl3UJOzeBJCsRwexubm78cbmA39DMl~HG9UHE-yjsVWsCLel10yRUuzFADsU5BLzx1sjpmXdZlGm5wydW-GHiSvAKVGu6yFVt72b1mmm5MpWOa0MZSYBc3MGG9a1h6m1Sku1haxKRBdFirMQuloU1xRlzBJTMPknM7XVeQqQDNbc7164zRML3QtY9LZ0AbVi8JA1YHHDpM8PKLV6V-r7lG6oPAu7xTHA23eBInTpCHl0M2lZW3ozTuPXkxfycBYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics"},{"id":19373,"name":"Ancient Greek Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Music"},{"id":29668,"name":"Tone systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tone_systems"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics"},{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology"},{"id":170131,"name":"Vocal Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocal_Music"},{"id":241873,"name":"Prosodic phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosodic_phonology"},{"id":630822,"name":"Intonational Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intonational_Phonology"}],"urls":[{"id":42529505,"url":"https://brill.com/view/journals/jgl/24/1/article-p78_4.xml?ebody=article%20details"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99817566"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99817566/Musical_evidence_for_low_boundary_tones_in_ancient_Greek"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Musical evidence for low boundary tones in ancient Greek" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99817566/Musical_evidence_for_low_boundary_tones_in_ancient_Greek">Musical evidence for low boundary tones in ancient Greek</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Greek and Roman Musical Studies</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Several scholars have suggested that in ancient Greek there was a low boundary tone at the end of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Several scholars have suggested that in ancient Greek there was a low boundary tone at the end of a relatively small prosodic constituent such as a clitic group or maximal prosodic word. The boundary tone may phonologically motivate some puzzling pitch-accentual phenomena in the language. One is the diachronic pitch-peak retraction that led to the circumflex pitch accent (HL) on penultimate syllables (the “sōtêra rule”). Another is the intonational phrase-internal downstepping or deletion of a word-final acute accent (H); that conversion of an acute to a grave accent is known as “lulling” or “koímēsis”. If such a low boundary tone existed, its effects should still be audible in ancient Greek non-strophic vocal music, where there is a significant correlation between the pitch movement of the text and the movement of the melody to which it is set, i.e. between tone and tune. Specifically, proponents of such a low boundary tone would predict that the turning point between falling and rising melody, the “musical trough”, should center around the word-final mora or syllable. The present study provides the first full description of troughs in the Delphic Hymns and finds that they are indeed closely aligned with word-end. Furthermore, once other factors that could lead to word-final troughs are set aside, i.e. once potential confounds are controlled for, the association of the trough with word-end remains strong, suggesting that we should in fact reconstruct the low boundary tone.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99817566"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99817566"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99817566; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99817566]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99817566]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99817566; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99817566']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99817566, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99817566]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99817566,"title":"Musical evidence for low boundary tones in ancient Greek","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1163/22129758-bja10063","abstract":"Several scholars have suggested that in ancient Greek there was a low boundary tone at the end of a relatively small prosodic constituent such as a clitic group or maximal prosodic word. The boundary tone may phonologically motivate some puzzling pitch-accentual phenomena in the language. One is the diachronic pitch-peak retraction that led to the circumflex pitch accent (HL) on penultimate syllables (the “sōtêra rule”). Another is the intonational phrase-internal downstepping or deletion of a word-final acute accent (H); that conversion of an acute to a grave accent is known as “lulling” or “koímēsis”. If such a low boundary tone existed, its effects should still be audible in ancient Greek non-strophic vocal music, where there is a significant correlation between the pitch movement of the text and the movement of the melody to which it is set, i.e. between tone and tune. Specifically, proponents of such a low boundary tone would predict that the turning point between falling and rising melody, the “musical trough”, should center around the word-final mora or syllable. The present study provides the first full description of troughs in the Delphic Hymns and finds that they are indeed closely aligned with word-end. Furthermore, once other factors that could lead to word-final troughs are set aside, i.e. once potential confounds are controlled for, the association of the trough with word-end remains strong, suggesting that we should in fact reconstruct the low boundary tone.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Greek and Roman Musical Studies"},"translated_abstract":"Several scholars have suggested that in ancient Greek there was a low boundary tone at the end of a relatively small prosodic constituent such as a clitic group or maximal prosodic word. The boundary tone may phonologically motivate some puzzling pitch-accentual phenomena in the language. One is the diachronic pitch-peak retraction that led to the circumflex pitch accent (HL) on penultimate syllables (the “sōtêra rule”). Another is the intonational phrase-internal downstepping or deletion of a word-final acute accent (H); that conversion of an acute to a grave accent is known as “lulling” or “koímēsis”. If such a low boundary tone existed, its effects should still be audible in ancient Greek non-strophic vocal music, where there is a significant correlation between the pitch movement of the text and the movement of the melody to which it is set, i.e. between tone and tune. Specifically, proponents of such a low boundary tone would predict that the turning point between falling and rising melody, the “musical trough”, should center around the word-final mora or syllable. The present study provides the first full description of troughs in the Delphic Hymns and finds that they are indeed closely aligned with word-end. Furthermore, once other factors that could lead to word-final troughs are set aside, i.e. once potential confounds are controlled for, the association of the trough with word-end remains strong, suggesting that we should in fact reconstruct the low boundary tone.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99817566/Musical_evidence_for_low_boundary_tones_in_ancient_Greek","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-04-07T06:30:20.582-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Musical_evidence_for_low_boundary_tones_in_ancient_Greek","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology"},{"id":2077,"name":"Speech Prosody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Prosody"},{"id":19373,"name":"Ancient Greek Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Music"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83903972"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83903972/The_first_person_singular_of_the_athematic_middle_optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The first person singular of the athematic middle optative in Vedic and Indo-Iranian" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89101207/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83903972/The_first_person_singular_of_the_athematic_middle_optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian">The first person singular of the athematic middle optative in Vedic and Indo-Iranian</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the American Oriental Society 142.2</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥gveda, there is strong met...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥gveda, there is strong metrical evidence that the poets knew and used forms in *-iy-a alongside the morphologically regular forms in -īy-a. I argue that the forms in *-iy-a are older and developed from PIE *-ih1-h2e by regular sound change, whereas the younger ones in -īy-a result from morphological regularization (analogy). The phonological development of *-ih1-h2e > *-iy-a provides further evidence for the historical phonology of “laryngeals” and geminate consonants in the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="036a18d1b573edd13096796a1343b900" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89101207,"asset_id":83903972,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89101207/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83903972"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83903972"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83903972; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83903972]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83903972]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83903972; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83903972']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83903972, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "036a18d1b573edd13096796a1343b900" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83903972]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83903972,"title":"The first person singular of the athematic middle optative in Vedic and Indo-Iranian","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.5913/jaos.142.2.2022.ar011","abstract":"In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥gveda, there is strong metrical evidence that the poets knew and used forms in *-iy-a alongside the morphologically regular forms in -īy-a. I argue that the forms in *-iy-a are older and developed from PIE *-ih1-h2e by regular sound change, whereas the younger ones in -īy-a result from morphological regularization (analogy). The phonological development of *-ih1-h2e \u003e *-iy-a provides further evidence for the historical phonology of “laryngeals” and geminate consonants in the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the American Oriental Society 142.2"},"translated_abstract":"In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥gveda, there is strong metrical evidence that the poets knew and used forms in *-iy-a alongside the morphologically regular forms in -īy-a. I argue that the forms in *-iy-a are older and developed from PIE *-ih1-h2e by regular sound change, whereas the younger ones in -īy-a result from morphological regularization (analogy). The phonological development of *-ih1-h2e \u003e *-iy-a provides further evidence for the historical phonology of “laryngeals” and geminate consonants in the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83903972/The_first_person_singular_of_the_athematic_middle_optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-29T05:06:53.735-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":89101207,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89101207/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2022_iya_proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89101207/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_first_person_singular_of_the_athemat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89101207/2022_iya_proofs-libre.pdf?1659097351=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_first_person_singular_of_the_athemat.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=BlqzQboh2Xy5Eb~v9SP4je4JMlC1J~3gdQrG-eLED5s~AOIEp1-n~rJ0U2qr7plysXUyMmSIrrVUGjA2Oyaj9ofYhZtjULgvUCyy~8XdIVOjSilmrbUx5Dx4Z7LnpOjFabKDvuEdEvd1ltpKZiUxG522wiOjziTAAxVoafcnYGIXAMs7HzgCO~lbT5J3l4vpLGPV45i4rUNlkULJA-bq8AxJuf3BAdoc~3LWz9ZLZ45Jv~Rb-qPR0-d7hAibGZS62-Kcfx8pJ7AvZWKA-2MEsD4b8-lYrEF9al~7xAwpCUS02v8ObnvsAAStZs2hV7TEyuYVq3QDNB83jT2BL6Zhng__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_first_person_singular_of_the_athematic_middle_optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":89101207,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89101207/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2022_iya_proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89101207/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_first_person_singular_of_the_athemat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89101207/2022_iya_proofs-libre.pdf?1659097351=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_first_person_singular_of_the_athemat.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=BlqzQboh2Xy5Eb~v9SP4je4JMlC1J~3gdQrG-eLED5s~AOIEp1-n~rJ0U2qr7plysXUyMmSIrrVUGjA2Oyaj9ofYhZtjULgvUCyy~8XdIVOjSilmrbUx5Dx4Z7LnpOjFabKDvuEdEvd1ltpKZiUxG522wiOjziTAAxVoafcnYGIXAMs7HzgCO~lbT5J3l4vpLGPV45i4rUNlkULJA-bq8AxJuf3BAdoc~3LWz9ZLZ45Jv~Rb-qPR0-d7hAibGZS62-Kcfx8pJ7AvZWKA-2MEsD4b8-lYrEF9al~7xAwpCUS02v8ObnvsAAStZs2hV7TEyuYVq3QDNB83jT2BL6Zhng__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics"},{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit"},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology"},{"id":19832,"name":"Indo-Iranian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Iranian_Linguistics"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics"},{"id":89360,"name":"Rigveda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rigveda"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79356164"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79356164/Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case_for_Restoring_Two_Endings"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vedic Sanskrit Vocatives in -an: The Case for Restoring Two Endings" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86098711/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79356164/Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case_for_Restoring_Two_Endings">Vedic Sanskrit Vocatives in -an: The Case for Restoring Two Endings</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ha! Linguistic Studies in Honor of Mark R. Hale, ed. Laura Grestenberger, Charles Reiss, Hannes A. Fellner, and Gabriel Z. Pantillon, 117–134. Wiesbaden: Reichert.</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article provides new distributional evidence for a split in Vedic vocatives in -an, such tha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article provides new distributional evidence for a split in Vedic vocatives in -an, such that some (e.g., maghavan) were heavy-final at composition, while others (e.g., somapāvan) were not. Our evidence largely agrees with the scheme of Arnold (1905), though we suggest minor revisions, and largely opposes the schemes of Oldenberg (1888, 1908). The second half of the article considers the historical motivation for the observed split in -an vocatives. We favor an account by which some -an vocatives were in fact vocatives to stems in -ant- originally, explaining their weight. The remaining Arnoldian tokens can be ascribed to analogical extension from the -ant-stem forms, as we support by adducing morphological and poetic parallels between the unextended and extended forms. To be sure, extension is needed under any scenario, as the heavy-final forms are eventually (post-RV) fully generalized. The bifurcation in -an vocatives in the RV demonstrates that the extension of heavy-finality was underway but incomplete at the time when that corpus was composed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f4942fcd7415282a3113093c21e65380" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86098711,"asset_id":79356164,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86098711/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79356164"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79356164"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79356164; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79356164]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79356164]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79356164; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79356164']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79356164, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f4942fcd7415282a3113093c21e65380" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79356164]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79356164,"title":"Vedic Sanskrit Vocatives in -an: The Case for Restoring Two Endings","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.29091/9783752000856/007","abstract":"This article provides new distributional evidence for a split in Vedic vocatives in -an, such that some (e.g., maghavan) were heavy-final at composition, while others (e.g., somapāvan) were not. Our evidence largely agrees with the scheme of Arnold (1905), though we suggest minor revisions, and largely opposes the schemes of Oldenberg (1888, 1908). The second half of the article considers the historical motivation for the observed split in -an vocatives. We favor an account by which some -an vocatives were in fact vocatives to stems in -ant- originally, explaining their weight. The remaining Arnoldian tokens can be ascribed to analogical extension from the -ant-stem forms, as we support by adducing morphological and poetic parallels between the unextended and extended forms. To be sure, extension is needed under any scenario, as the heavy-final forms are eventually (post-RV) fully generalized. The bifurcation in -an vocatives in the RV demonstrates that the extension of heavy-finality was underway but incomplete at the time when that corpus was composed.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ha! Linguistic Studies in Honor of Mark R. Hale, ed. Laura Grestenberger, Charles Reiss, Hannes A. Fellner, and Gabriel Z. Pantillon, 117–134. Wiesbaden: Reichert."},"translated_abstract":"This article provides new distributional evidence for a split in Vedic vocatives in -an, such that some (e.g., maghavan) were heavy-final at composition, while others (e.g., somapāvan) were not. Our evidence largely agrees with the scheme of Arnold (1905), though we suggest minor revisions, and largely opposes the schemes of Oldenberg (1888, 1908). The second half of the article considers the historical motivation for the observed split in -an vocatives. We favor an account by which some -an vocatives were in fact vocatives to stems in -ant- originally, explaining their weight. The remaining Arnoldian tokens can be ascribed to analogical extension from the -ant-stem forms, as we support by adducing morphological and poetic parallels between the unextended and extended forms. To be sure, extension is needed under any scenario, as the heavy-final forms are eventually (post-RV) fully generalized. The bifurcation in -an vocatives in the RV demonstrates that the extension of heavy-finality was underway but incomplete at the time when that corpus was composed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79356164/Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case_for_Restoring_Two_Endings","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-18T00:18:41.254-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38246112,"work_id":79356164,"tagging_user_id":373657,"tagged_user_id":32593279,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***n@fas.harvard.edu","affiliation":"Harvard University","display_order":1,"name":"Kevin M Ryan","title":"Vedic Sanskrit Vocatives in -an: The Case for Restoring Two Endings"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86098711,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86098711/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2022_arnoldians_proofs_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86098711/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86098711/2022_arnoldians_proofs_2-libre.pdf?1652858994=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case.pdf\u0026Expires=1732747498\u0026Signature=NVn-e0bX8N4sy~UcO~LDHoOPsay9ho0F56wgvTixWlevS2JCX~AX2U06cAZCUrCQ~9I~sxBkv0lTLAC8j8EajVB1yWwulrneXvgzTOdSSMJFjWj~uyXyyF45HBcJLbElZADj1h1r0qex6twxLwjJdWqpBJ5XLDemfB2Qac3snSe3eUVtxYrf~9gqFdtkJ1pr67TlDZ7KSfvDvoyEq71M-v2tyc3I2iWkxQ-rMs1QZwWoKoiEQlA~Mc-wVY6vaBQToZpCFoWlsA8ur9xkS7hrFDjiY~x3vTh7RPflHFmdPqDxBS6mzL2j24uVifIuHV7HBbvSzEzgqbfOjy6sUMA3kQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case_for_Restoring_Two_Endings","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":86098711,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86098711/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2022_arnoldians_proofs_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86098711/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86098711/2022_arnoldians_proofs_2-libre.pdf?1652858994=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case.pdf\u0026Expires=1732747498\u0026Signature=NVn-e0bX8N4sy~UcO~LDHoOPsay9ho0F56wgvTixWlevS2JCX~AX2U06cAZCUrCQ~9I~sxBkv0lTLAC8j8EajVB1yWwulrneXvgzTOdSSMJFjWj~uyXyyF45HBcJLbElZADj1h1r0qex6twxLwjJdWqpBJ5XLDemfB2Qac3snSe3eUVtxYrf~9gqFdtkJ1pr67TlDZ7KSfvDvoyEq71M-v2tyc3I2iWkxQ-rMs1QZwWoKoiEQlA~Mc-wVY6vaBQToZpCFoWlsA8ur9xkS7hrFDjiY~x3vTh7RPflHFmdPqDxBS6mzL2j24uVifIuHV7HBbvSzEzgqbfOjy6sUMA3kQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics"},{"id":89360,"name":"Rigveda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rigveda"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37781541"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37781541/Localizational_Evidence_for_the_Restoration_of_Rigvedic_mimih%C3%AD_measure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Localizational Evidence for the Restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí 'measure'" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57778226/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37781541/Localizational_Evidence_for_the_Restoration_of_Rigvedic_mimih%C3%AD_measure">Localizational Evidence for the Restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí 'measure'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>2018. Vina Diem Celebrent. Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine, ed. Dieter Gunkel, Stephanie W. Jamison, Angelo O. Mercado, and Kazuhiko Yoshida, 76–92. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press.</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper provides metrical evidence that the Rigvedic poets knew and used the verb form *mimihí...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper provides metrical evidence that the Rigvedic poets knew and used the verb form  *mimihí 'measure', not the transmitted form mimīhí. The poets' form is a linguistic archaism that permits a glance into a morphological change that affected the Vedic verbal system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cc7e6e85ba7b4540c31dc5a2546f0ce7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57778226,"asset_id":37781541,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57778226/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37781541"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37781541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37781541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37781541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37781541]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37781541; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37781541']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37781541, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cc7e6e85ba7b4540c31dc5a2546f0ce7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37781541]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37781541,"title":"Localizational Evidence for the Restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí 'measure'","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The paper provides metrical evidence that the Rigvedic poets knew and used the verb form *mimihí 'measure', not the transmitted form mimīhí. 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Ryan. 2018. Phonological Evidence for Pāda Cohesion in Rigvedic Versification. In Language and Meter, ed. Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein, 34–52. Leiden: Brill.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In terms of syntax and sense, Rigvedic verse seems often to be composed in pāda couplets. Further...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In terms of syntax and sense, Rigvedic verse seems often to be composed in pāda couplets. Further evidence from metrics and sandhi supports the same conclusion, though some of it cannot be reliably projected back to composition. We provide new phonological support for the existence of the couplet at composition based on two tests. First, the poets avoid hiatus more within couplets than between them. Second, the poets avoid V̆C#V junctures, where the C could potentially be resyllabified, more within couplets than between them. Both results can be explained if one assumes a lower-level metrical/prosodic boundary within couplets as opposed to between them at the time of composition.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4222ccd62369fe50a48f290ff7c2c88f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56184429,"asset_id":36279300,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56184429/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36279300"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36279300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36279300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36279300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36279300]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36279300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36279300']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36279300, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4222ccd62369fe50a48f290ff7c2c88f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36279300]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36279300,"title":"Phonological Evidence for Pāda Cohesion in Rigvedic Versification","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In terms of syntax and sense, Rigvedic verse seems often to be composed in pāda couplets. Further evidence from metrics and sandhi supports the same conclusion, though some of it cannot be reliably projected back to composition. We provide new phonological support for the existence of the couplet at composition based on two tests. First, the poets avoid hiatus more within couplets than between them. Second, the poets avoid V̆C#V junctures, where the C could potentially be resyllabified, more within couplets than between them. Both results can be explained if one assumes a lower-level metrical/prosodic boundary within couplets as opposed to between them at the time of composition.","more_info":"These are uncorrected proofs.","ai_title_tag":"Phonological Support for Pāda Couplets in Rigvedic Verse","publication_name":"Gunkel, Dieter and Kevin M. Ryan. 2018. Phonological Evidence for Pāda Cohesion in Rigvedic Versification. In Language and Meter, ed. Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein, 34–52. Leiden: Brill."},"translated_abstract":"In terms of syntax and sense, Rigvedic verse seems often to be composed in pāda couplets. Further evidence from metrics and sandhi supports the same conclusion, though some of it cannot be reliably projected back to composition. We provide new phonological support for the existence of the couplet at composition based on two tests. First, the poets avoid hiatus more within couplets than between them. Second, the poets avoid V̆C#V junctures, where the C could potentially be resyllabified, more within couplets than between them. 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Introduction. In Language and Meter, ed. Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein, 1–6. Leiden: Brill.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This introduction to Language and Meter gives an overview of the contents of the volume.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="418d8be1544a727b1a45367b7f13f06a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56184483,"asset_id":36279347,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56184483/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36279347"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36279347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36279347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36279347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36279347]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36279347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36279347']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36279347, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "418d8be1544a727b1a45367b7f13f06a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36279347]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36279347,"title":"Introduction (to Language and Meter)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This introduction to Language and Meter gives an overview of the contents of the volume.","more_info":"These are uncorrected proofs.","publication_name":"Gunkel, Dieter and Olav Hackstein. 2018. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="23717958"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/23717958/The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x25_Syllable_Meter"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44142768/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/23717958/The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x25_Syllable_Meter">The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gunkel, Dieter. 2016. The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter. In Sahasram Ati Srajas. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Stephanie W. Jamison, ed. Dieter Gunkel, Joshua T. Katz, Brent Vine, and Michael Weiss. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The well-attested Tocharian 4×25-syllable meter arose via the borrowing of the Sanskrit Krauñcapa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The well-attested Tocharian 4×25-syllable meter arose via the borrowing of the Sanskrit Krauñcapadā, a syllabo-quantitative meter attested only in Sanskrit metrical treatises and a buddhastotra found in the Kizil caves whose stanza likewise consists of four 25-syllable verses. The Tocharians adopted the three caesurae prescribed for the Krauñcapadā in the metrical treatises as well as two further “caesurals” that are present in the stotra but not in the treatises. They gave up regulating syllable weight, presumably because Tocharian phonology did not support it. As a result, the original motivation for the location of the caesurae, which divide the Krauñcapadā verse into moraically balanced half- and quarter-verses, was obfuscated, yielding a syllable-counting meter with fixed caesurae and cola of unequal lengths.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f78ccab97bef24b036d38beacd294fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44142768,"asset_id":23717958,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44142768/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="23717958"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23717958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23717958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23717958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23717958]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23717958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='23717958']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23717958, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8f78ccab97bef24b036d38beacd294fe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=23717958]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":23717958,"title":"The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The well-attested Tocharian 4×25-syllable meter arose via the borrowing of the Sanskrit Krauñcapadā, a syllabo-quantitative meter attested only in Sanskrit metrical treatises and a buddhastotra found in the Kizil caves whose stanza likewise consists of four 25-syllable verses. The Tocharians adopted the three caesurae prescribed for the Krauñcapadā in the metrical treatises as well as two further “caesurals” that are present in the stotra but not in the treatises. They gave up regulating syllable weight, presumably because Tocharian phonology did not support it. As a result, the original motivation for the location of the caesurae, which divide the Krauñcapadā verse into moraically balanced half- and quarter-verses, was obfuscated, yielding a syllable-counting meter with fixed caesurae and cola of unequal lengths.","publication_name":"Gunkel, Dieter. 2016. The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter. In Sahasram Ati Srajas. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Stephanie W. Jamison, ed. Dieter Gunkel, Joshua T. Katz, Brent Vine, and Michael Weiss. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press."},"translated_abstract":"The well-attested Tocharian 4×25-syllable meter arose via the borrowing of the Sanskrit Krauñcapadā, a syllabo-quantitative meter attested only in Sanskrit metrical treatises and a buddhastotra found in the Kizil caves whose stanza likewise consists of four 25-syllable verses. The Tocharians adopted the three caesurae prescribed for the Krauñcapadā in the metrical treatises as well as two further “caesurals” that are present in the stotra but not in the treatises. They gave up regulating syllable weight, presumably because Tocharian phonology did not support it. As a result, the original motivation for the location of the caesurae, which divide the Krauñcapadā verse into moraically balanced half- and quarter-verses, was obfuscated, yielding a syllable-counting meter with fixed caesurae and cola of unequal lengths.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23717958/The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x25_Syllable_Meter","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-03-27T07:30:08.601-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44142768,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44142768/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Skt_source_of_Toch_4x25_proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44142768/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x2.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44142768/Skt_source_of_Toch_4x25_proofs-libre.pdf?1459088722=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x2.pdf\u0026Expires=1732747499\u0026Signature=dS-nWuC0CfkipadCkHMmCopeu5uTKvoe9VaomYPXUEISv~4HYYraveNc5HZJ2~e5Lx3JbnZB3UM03SVSO29lcKh736lP0dlwA7KrxcZz8ZwHsSF1cWneIfIFlQLlTmHlm7mE7~xAvwX6N6C8iWWIhMKtllB5bTdPvt2m80-6QOSM6QF~2uGW~lm8XamN-ZnVr4BUviuniuzCHZCM9XzakLeZcNBcZvMnGPFWSIJioLDKA-~0Q9Ryk0QDD1gGDOU21vZxavWNe2ocayZ28lZw~gb4M8ksiiNwOrf~v1qaG6YIxCO9GKtCXH~JAeRNdyf~iOXKmBr~v6rpvdP1DIFlVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x25_Syllable_Meter","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":44142768,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44142768/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Skt_source_of_Toch_4x25_proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44142768/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x2.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44142768/Skt_source_of_Toch_4x25_proofs-libre.pdf?1459088722=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x2.pdf\u0026Expires=1732747499\u0026Signature=dS-nWuC0CfkipadCkHMmCopeu5uTKvoe9VaomYPXUEISv~4HYYraveNc5HZJ2~e5Lx3JbnZB3UM03SVSO29lcKh736lP0dlwA7KrxcZz8ZwHsSF1cWneIfIFlQLlTmHlm7mE7~xAvwX6N6C8iWWIhMKtllB5bTdPvt2m80-6QOSM6QF~2uGW~lm8XamN-ZnVr4BUviuniuzCHZCM9XzakLeZcNBcZvMnGPFWSIJioLDKA-~0Q9Ryk0QDD1gGDOU21vZxavWNe2ocayZ28lZw~gb4M8ksiiNwOrf~v1qaG6YIxCO9GKtCXH~JAeRNdyf~iOXKmBr~v6rpvdP1DIFlVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5076,"name":"Sanskrit language and literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_language_and_literature"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":6922,"name":"Poetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics"},{"id":12467,"name":"Tocharian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tocharian"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics"}],"urls":[{"id":6948042,"url":"http://www.beechstave.com/"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9244704"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9244704/The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable_verse"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54091087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9244704/The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable_verse">The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/ChristophBross">Christoph Bross</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>2015 with Christoph Bross and Kevin M. Ryan. The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse. In Tocharian Texts in Context, ed. Melanie Malzahn, Michaël Peyrot, Hannes Fellner, and Theresa-Susanna Illés, 15–27. Bremen: Hempen.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), but we find no support for the putative alternative colometries of 4x15 often cited in the literature (viz. 6+4+5 and 8+7). In rare cases in which the medial caesura is violated, a word boundary after position 6 or 8 is highly probable by chance alone, as we confirm through corpus statistics. If the colometry is indeed invariable, one major argument for the influence of Indic on Tocharian metrics is undermined. We further reinforce that the medial caesura is no stronger than the final one, despite their putative statuses as major vs. minor caesurae, respectively. The more complex picture of the metrical practice of the poets demands that we call into question certain proposed restorations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fcb5272bf0030f2ca59e85f5d29e62fb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54091087,"asset_id":9244704,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54091087/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9244704"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9244704"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9244704; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9244704]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9244704]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9244704; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9244704']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9244704, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fcb5272bf0030f2ca59e85f5d29e62fb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9244704]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9244704,"title":"The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), but we find no support for the putative alternative colometries of 4x15 often cited in the literature (viz. 6+4+5 and 8+7). In rare cases in which the medial caesura is violated, a word boundary after position 6 or 8 is highly probable by chance alone, as we confirm through corpus statistics. If the colometry is indeed invariable, one major argument for the influence of Indic on Tocharian metrics is undermined. We further reinforce that the medial caesura is no stronger than the final one, despite their putative statuses as major vs. minor caesurae, respectively. The more complex picture of the metrical practice of the poets demands that we call into question certain proposed restorations.","publication_name":"2015 with Christoph Bross and Kevin M. Ryan. The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse. In Tocharian Texts in Context, ed. Melanie Malzahn, Michaël Peyrot, Hannes Fellner, and Theresa-Susanna Illés, 15–27. Bremen: Hempen."},"translated_abstract":"We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), but we find no support for the putative alternative colometries of 4x15 often cited in the literature (viz. 6+4+5 and 8+7). In rare cases in which the medial caesura is violated, a word boundary after position 6 or 8 is highly probable by chance alone, as we confirm through corpus statistics. If the colometry is indeed invariable, one major argument for the influence of Indic on Tocharian metrics is undermined. We further reinforce that the medial caesura is no stronger than the final one, despite their putative statuses as major vs. minor caesurae, respectively. The more complex picture of the metrical practice of the poets demands that we call into question certain proposed restorations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9244704/The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable_verse","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-11-11T00:19:52.323-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":3614925,"work_id":9244704,"tagging_user_id":373657,"tagged_user_id":32593279,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***n@fas.harvard.edu","affiliation":"Harvard University","display_order":0,"name":"Kevin M Ryan","title":"The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse"},{"id":9997,"work_id":9244704,"tagging_user_id":373657,"tagged_user_id":489835,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"c***b@t-online.de","affiliation":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München","display_order":null,"name":"Christoph Bross","title":"The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54091087,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54091087/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4x15_offprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54091087/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54091087/4x15_offprint-libre.pdf?1502224694=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=dLXRSu9NJSDsx6nhqkdQNHS2qDv1v63w882roB6J7Q3kbXhtQGvXcV-BBpuNx4yZZSXOn8kT5LzXBWih-Rrq2vQulbkjGvYX2Tn3DLDpfb5xx2zsYTgT9SQtUveS6MK9xf7v-apkXka1xofINJBfAm-H4FdEYK6fPJi2HZu2Aw8bQr5kHPYfLxlH0fZ1-rNUZiyt2t57RXgatk-pGjsOEFqThIQ12EPq0OKhpvA1Z3bj58ITJozjIn1sgpxM0JOBWzkpFbp3LytzafG9oohO71C-c6jOq2D0F~ECM9xYHmb2RSZVVGwva9-aJN4VaSMESbAD~wD8TbpgZ9zx7dB7aQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable_verse","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":54091087,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54091087/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4x15_offprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54091087/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54091087/4x15_offprint-libre.pdf?1502224694=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=dLXRSu9NJSDsx6nhqkdQNHS2qDv1v63w882roB6J7Q3kbXhtQGvXcV-BBpuNx4yZZSXOn8kT5LzXBWih-Rrq2vQulbkjGvYX2Tn3DLDpfb5xx2zsYTgT9SQtUveS6MK9xf7v-apkXka1xofINJBfAm-H4FdEYK6fPJi2HZu2Aw8bQr5kHPYfLxlH0fZ1-rNUZiyt2t57RXgatk-pGjsOEFqThIQ12EPq0OKhpvA1Z3bj58ITJozjIn1sgpxM0JOBWzkpFbp3LytzafG9oohO71C-c6jOq2D0F~ECM9xYHmb2RSZVVGwva9-aJN4VaSMESbAD~wD8TbpgZ9zx7dB7aQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2906,"name":"Buddhist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhist_Studies"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":10157,"name":"Corpus Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics"},{"id":12467,"name":"Tocharian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tocharian"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9244820"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9244820/Caesurae_bridges_and_the_colometry_of_four_Tocharian_B_meters"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35514529/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9244820/Caesurae_bridges_and_the_colometry_of_four_Tocharian_B_meters">Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/KevinRyan">Kevin M Ryan</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/ChristophBross">Christoph Bross</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>2014 with Christoph Bross and Kevin M. Ryan. Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters. Indo-European Linguistics 2:1–23.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, and the major colon in turn dominating one or more minor cola. After providing much-needed descriptive data on Tocharian meter, we assess the evidence for the distinction between major vs. minor caesurae in some of the most popular Tocharian B meters, finding support for the commonly assumed colometries in some but not all cases. Of particular interest is the recurring 4+3-syllable colon, since the violability of its internal (putatively minor) caesura varies significantly across meters. We argue that this varying strictness is indeed a function of the meter as opposed to position in the verse, verse length, idiosyncrasies of certain texts, and so forth. We then use a systematic prose comparison method to test the meters for bridges, finding evidence for monosyllable avoidance in (certain) colon-final positions, despite an overall preference for monosyllables in verse vis-à-vis prose. Finally, we discuss the implications that our study has for the restoration of fragmentary Tocharian texts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47fa9c3deacbb35ef2cd9abba205b802" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35514529,"asset_id":9244820,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35514529/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9244820"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9244820"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9244820; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9244820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9244820]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9244820; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9244820']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9244820, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "47fa9c3deacbb35ef2cd9abba205b802" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9244820]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9244820,"title":"Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, and the major colon in turn dominating one or more minor cola. After providing much-needed descriptive data on Tocharian meter, we assess the evidence for the distinction between major vs. minor caesurae in some of the most popular Tocharian B meters, finding support for the commonly assumed colometries in some but not all cases. Of particular interest is the recurring 4+3-syllable colon, since the violability of its internal (putatively minor) caesura varies significantly across meters. We argue that this varying strictness is indeed a function of the meter as opposed to position in the verse, verse length, idiosyncrasies of certain texts, and so forth. We then use a systematic prose comparison method to test the meters for bridges, finding evidence for monosyllable avoidance in (certain) colon-final positions, despite an overall preference for monosyllables in verse vis-à-vis prose. Finally, we discuss the implications that our study has for the restoration of fragmentary Tocharian texts.","publication_name":"2014 with Christoph Bross and Kevin M. Ryan. Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters. Indo-European Linguistics 2:1–23."},"translated_abstract":"The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, and the major colon in turn dominating one or more minor cola. After providing much-needed descriptive data on Tocharian meter, we assess the evidence for the distinction between major vs. minor caesurae in some of the most popular Tocharian B meters, finding support for the commonly assumed colometries in some but not all cases. Of particular interest is the recurring 4+3-syllable colon, since the violability of its internal (putatively minor) caesura varies significantly across meters. We argue that this varying strictness is indeed a function of the meter as opposed to position in the verse, verse length, idiosyncrasies of certain texts, and so forth. We then use a systematic prose comparison method to test the meters for bridges, finding evidence for monosyllable avoidance in (certain) colon-final positions, despite an overall preference for monosyllables in verse vis-à-vis prose. Finally, we discuss the implications that our study has for the restoration of fragmentary Tocharian texts.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9244820/Caesurae_bridges_and_the_colometry_of_four_Tocharian_B_meters","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-11-11T00:25:25.331-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":12933859,"work_id":9244820,"tagging_user_id":489835,"tagged_user_id":34281001,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***n@ul.ie","display_order":-4194303,"name":"Kevin. M. 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The Emergence of Foot Structure as a Factor in the Formation of Greek Verbal Nouns in -ma(t)-. Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 65:77–103.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The study is concerned with the relationship between word formation and foot structure in Ancient...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The study is concerned with the relationship between word formation and foot structure in Ancient Greek, Lexical Conservatism, and regularity in analogical change.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5823d550d0f2d9d9b331ea2730f879ca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44305256,"asset_id":1099018,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44305256/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1099018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1099018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1099018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1099018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1099018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1099018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1099018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1099018, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5823d550d0f2d9d9b331ea2730f879ca" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1099018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1099018,"title":"The emergence of foot structure as a factor in the formation of Greek verbal nouns in -μα(τ)-","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The study is concerned with the relationship between word formation and foot structure in Ancient Greek, Lexical Conservatism, and regularity in analogical change.","publication_name":"2011. The Emergence of Foot Structure as a Factor in the Formation of Greek Verbal Nouns in -ma(t)-. 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In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, ed. Stephanie W. Jamison, H. Craig Melchert, and Brent Vine. Bremen: Hempen, 53–68.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Using new corpus resources for Rigvedic poetics, we address various aspects of the poets’ treatme...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Using new corpus resources for Rigvedic poetics, we address various aspects of the poets’ treatment of vowel hiatus and pre-vocalic shortening (correption), including their strategies for avoidance of these phenomena in certain contexts. Using observed vs. expected tests, we demonstrate, for one, that hiatus avoidance is correlated with degree of metrical-prosodic juncture. For example, hiatus is actively avoided both at the caesura in trimeter verse and between p􀀄das, but its avoidance is weaker in the latter case. In conducting these tests, we control for a confound (interference) from pre-vocalic shortening, which requires us to address the problem of whether it was optional or obligatory within the hemistich. It turns out that /V􀀃 1#V2/ patterns as metrically heavier than /V˘ 1#V2/ in the aggregate, though not as heavy as /V􀀃C#V/. We then discuss different means by which the poets avoid setting up underlying hiatus junctures, including lexical avoidance (i.e., word selection), morphological avoidance (i.e., allomorph selection), and syntactic avoidance (i.e., word reordering). This last technique, whose existence we support with two different tests, is particularly striking, in that syntax (word order) is shown to be sensitive to phonotactics (marked junctures).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c8f342ad8de63cf649e09fd1b9e62ab" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6580981,"asset_id":610713,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6580981/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="610713"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="610713"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 610713; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=610713]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=610713]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 610713; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='610713']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 610713, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c8f342ad8de63cf649e09fd1b9e62ab" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=610713]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":610713,"title":"Hiatus Avoidance and Metrification in the Rigveda","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using new corpus resources for Rigvedic poetics, we address various aspects of the poets’ treatment of vowel hiatus and pre-vocalic shortening (correption), including their strategies for avoidance of these phenomena in certain contexts. 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Wheeler's Law. In Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics. Vol 3: P–Z, Index, ed. Georgios K. Giannakis et al. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 515–516.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a86e9b0f2ca9ffe954c472f3b13ba723" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35514095,"asset_id":2761352,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35514095/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2761352"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2761352"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2761352; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2761352]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2761352]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2761352; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2761352']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2761352, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a86e9b0f2ca9ffe954c472f3b13ba723" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2761352]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2761352,"title":"Wheeler's Law","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_name":"2014. 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Sotera Rule. In Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics. Vol 3: P–Z, Index, ed. Georgios K. Giannakis et al. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 296–297.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="254d9d0b6e4823c9ee2a186a60a864d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35514158,"asset_id":2761387,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35514158/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2761387"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2761387"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2761387; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2761387]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2761387]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2761387; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2761387']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2761387, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "254d9d0b6e4823c9ee2a186a60a864d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2761387]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2761387,"title":"Sotera Rule","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_name":"2014. 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Law of Limitation. In Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics. Vol 2: G–O, ed. Georgios K. Giannakis et al. 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Ph.D. Dissertation, UCLA. (Committee Chair: Brent Vine. Committee Members: Bruce Hayes, H. Craig Melchert, Stephanie W. Jamison.)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8c5eeeab10f53e8a6feaddafc7b506f1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":3342500,"asset_id":620245,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3342500/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="620245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="620245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 620245; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=620245]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=620245]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 620245; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='620245']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 620245, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8c5eeeab10f53e8a6feaddafc7b506f1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=620245]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":620245,"title":"Studies in Greek and Vedic Prosody, Morphology, and Meter","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_name":"Studies in Greek and Vedic Prosody, Morphology, and Meter. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4904064" id="editedvolumes"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37747599"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37747599/Vina_Diem_Celebrent_Studies_in_Linguistics_and_Philology_in_Honor_of_Brent_Vine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57778193/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37747599/Vina_Diem_Celebrent_Studies_in_Linguistics_and_Philology_in_Honor_of_Brent_Vine">Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://grinnell.academia.edu/AngeloOMercado">Angelo O Mercado</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Edited by Dieter Gunkel, Stephanie W. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36279218"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36279218/Language_and_Meter"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Language and Meter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56184668/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36279218/Language_and_Meter">Language and Meter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/OlavHackstein">Olav Hackstein</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gunkel, Dieter and Olav Hackstein. 2018. Language and Meter (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages and Linguistics 18). Leiden: Brill.</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Language and Meter, Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein unite fifteen linguistic studies on a var...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Language and Meter, Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein unite fifteen linguistic studies on a variety of poetic traditions, including the Homeric epics, the hieratic hymns of the Ṛgveda, the Gathas of the Avesta, early Latin and the Sabellic compositions, Germanic alliterative verse, Insular Celtic court poetry, and Tocharian metrical texts. The studies treat a broad range of topics, including the prehistory of the hexameter, the nature of Homeric formulae, the structure of Vedic verse, rhythm in the Gathas, and the relationship between Germanic and Celtic poetic traditions. 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Jamison</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/BrentVine">Brent Vine</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://princeton.academia.edu/JoshuaTKatz">Joshua T. Katz</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/michaelweiss">Michael Weiss</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f4b4ebd490ad26181fb28ade47921982" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44082942,"asset_id":23679403,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44082942/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="23679403"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23679403"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23679403; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23679403]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23679403]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23679403; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='23679403']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23679403, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f4b4ebd490ad26181fb28ade47921982" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=23679403]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":23679403,"title":"Sahasram Ati Srajas. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="70703" id="articles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120285484"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120285484/_Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_Ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of (Sandell & Gunkel) On the representation and realization of the Ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115486289/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120285484/_Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_Ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music">(Sandell & Gunkel) On the representation and realization of the Ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Greek Linguistics</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns found on or near prosodically prominent syllables in Ancient Greek, namely, the distinction between the so-called “acute” and “circumflex” accents. Empirically, we investigate in detail the correlation between tones and tunes in the Delphic hymns (DAGM 20 and 21) on syllables capable of bearing a circumflex accent (i.e., syllables containing a long vowel or diphthong = VV-syllables). This data supports two major findings. First, VV-syllables with circumflex accent are significantly more likely to be set to a melism than VV-syllables that are acute, grave, or unaccented, and, moreover, the proportion of melismatic settings among acute, unaccented, and grave VVsyllables does not significantly differ. Second, circumflex melisms consistently (always or nearly so) fall in pitch (on average, by three semitones), whereas acute and unaccented melisms may either rise or fall (on average, by 1.5–2.25 semitones in either direction). Taken together, this data conforms to the usual description of the circumflex as a falling pitch, [H L], but speaks against claims that the acute constitutes a rising pitch ([L H], or High alone aligned with the latter portion of a VV-syllable, [∅ H]). We instead conclude that the acute represents a single High pitch target phonologically mapped to the entirety of a VV-syllable, and discuss the implications for the phonological analysis of the prosody of Ancient Greek in light of the typology of contour tones.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="547c87c5438ed8ee43ac006170c8c910" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115486289,"asset_id":120285484,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115486289/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120285484"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120285484"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120285484; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120285484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120285484]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120285484; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120285484']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 120285484, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "547c87c5438ed8ee43ac006170c8c910" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120285484]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120285484,"title":"(Sandell \u0026 Gunkel) On the representation and realization of the Ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1163/15699846-02401004","issue":"1","volume":"21","abstract":"This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns found on or near prosodically prominent syllables in Ancient Greek, namely, the distinction between the so-called “acute” and “circumflex” accents. Empirically, we investigate in detail the correlation between tones and tunes in the Delphic hymns (DAGM 20 and 21) on syllables capable of bearing a circumflex accent (i.e., syllables containing a long vowel or diphthong = VV-syllables). This data supports two major findings. First, VV-syllables with circumflex accent are significantly more likely to be set to a melism than VV-syllables that are acute, grave, or unaccented, and, moreover, the proportion of melismatic settings among acute, unaccented, and grave VVsyllables does not significantly differ. Second, circumflex melisms consistently (always or nearly so) fall in pitch (on average, by three semitones), whereas acute and unaccented melisms may either rise or fall (on average, by 1.5–2.25 semitones in either direction). 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Taken together, this data conforms to the usual description of the circumflex as a falling pitch, [H L], but speaks against claims that the acute constitutes a rising pitch ([L H], or High alone aligned with the latter portion of a VV-syllable, [∅ H]). We instead conclude that the acute represents a single High pitch target phonologically mapped to the entirety of a VV-syllable, and discuss the implications for the phonological analysis of the prosody of Ancient Greek in light of the typology of contour tones.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120285484/_Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_Ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-05-30T13:18:57.158-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[{"id":41786338,"work_id":120285484,"tagging_user_id":373657,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7787387,"email":"r***l@lrz.uni-muenchen.de","display_order":-1,"name":"Ryan Sandell","title":"(Sandell \u0026 Gunkel) On the representation and realization of the Ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":115486289,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115486289/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2024_acute_offprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115486289/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representatio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115486289/2024_acute_offprint-libre.pdf?1717102252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representatio.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=VzOjZ~czKEy8ZQMhnreFVipuFwrzncBNZds8s3xNz43phKzs~wnOP0tN5eCsS3Z5CGc4w-Jl3xiSw4zaTKRseSHl3UJOzeBJCsRwexubm78cbmA39DMl~HG9UHE-yjsVWsCLel10yRUuzFADsU5BLzx1sjpmXdZlGm5wydW-GHiSvAKVGu6yFVt72b1mmm5MpWOa0MZSYBc3MGG9a1h6m1Sku1haxKRBdFirMQuloU1xRlzBJTMPknM7XVeQqQDNbc7164zRML3QtY9LZ0AbVi8JA1YHHDpM8PKLV6V-r7lG6oPAu7xTHA23eBInTpCHl0M2lZW3ozTuPXkxfycBYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"_Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_Ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music","translated_slug":"","page_count":106,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":115486289,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115486289/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2024_acute_offprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115486289/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Sandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representatio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/115486289/2024_acute_offprint-libre.pdf?1717102252=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSandell_and_Gunkel_On_the_representatio.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=VzOjZ~czKEy8ZQMhnreFVipuFwrzncBNZds8s3xNz43phKzs~wnOP0tN5eCsS3Z5CGc4w-Jl3xiSw4zaTKRseSHl3UJOzeBJCsRwexubm78cbmA39DMl~HG9UHE-yjsVWsCLel10yRUuzFADsU5BLzx1sjpmXdZlGm5wydW-GHiSvAKVGu6yFVt72b1mmm5MpWOa0MZSYBc3MGG9a1h6m1Sku1haxKRBdFirMQuloU1xRlzBJTMPknM7XVeQqQDNbc7164zRML3QtY9LZ0AbVi8JA1YHHDpM8PKLV6V-r7lG6oPAu7xTHA23eBInTpCHl0M2lZW3ozTuPXkxfycBYw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics"},{"id":19373,"name":"Ancient Greek Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Music"},{"id":29668,"name":"Tone systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tone_systems"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics"},{"id":60338,"name":"Phonetics and Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonetics_and_Phonology"},{"id":170131,"name":"Vocal Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocal_Music"},{"id":241873,"name":"Prosodic phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosodic_phonology"},{"id":630822,"name":"Intonational Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intonational_Phonology"}],"urls":[{"id":42529505,"url":"https://brill.com/view/journals/jgl/24/1/article-p78_4.xml?ebody=article%20details"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="99817566"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/99817566/Musical_evidence_for_low_boundary_tones_in_ancient_Greek"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Musical evidence for low boundary tones in ancient Greek" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/99817566/Musical_evidence_for_low_boundary_tones_in_ancient_Greek">Musical evidence for low boundary tones in ancient Greek</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Greek and Roman Musical Studies</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Several scholars have suggested that in ancient Greek there was a low boundary tone at the end of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Several scholars have suggested that in ancient Greek there was a low boundary tone at the end of a relatively small prosodic constituent such as a clitic group or maximal prosodic word. The boundary tone may phonologically motivate some puzzling pitch-accentual phenomena in the language. One is the diachronic pitch-peak retraction that led to the circumflex pitch accent (HL) on penultimate syllables (the “sōtêra rule”). Another is the intonational phrase-internal downstepping or deletion of a word-final acute accent (H); that conversion of an acute to a grave accent is known as “lulling” or “koímēsis”. If such a low boundary tone existed, its effects should still be audible in ancient Greek non-strophic vocal music, where there is a significant correlation between the pitch movement of the text and the movement of the melody to which it is set, i.e. between tone and tune. Specifically, proponents of such a low boundary tone would predict that the turning point between falling and rising melody, the “musical trough”, should center around the word-final mora or syllable. The present study provides the first full description of troughs in the Delphic Hymns and finds that they are indeed closely aligned with word-end. Furthermore, once other factors that could lead to word-final troughs are set aside, i.e. once potential confounds are controlled for, the association of the trough with word-end remains strong, suggesting that we should in fact reconstruct the low boundary tone.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="99817566"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="99817566"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99817566; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99817566]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=99817566]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 99817566; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='99817566']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 99817566, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=99817566]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":99817566,"title":"Musical evidence for low boundary tones in ancient Greek","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1163/22129758-bja10063","abstract":"Several scholars have suggested that in ancient Greek there was a low boundary tone at the end of a relatively small prosodic constituent such as a clitic group or maximal prosodic word. The boundary tone may phonologically motivate some puzzling pitch-accentual phenomena in the language. One is the diachronic pitch-peak retraction that led to the circumflex pitch accent (HL) on penultimate syllables (the “sōtêra rule”). Another is the intonational phrase-internal downstepping or deletion of a word-final acute accent (H); that conversion of an acute to a grave accent is known as “lulling” or “koímēsis”. If such a low boundary tone existed, its effects should still be audible in ancient Greek non-strophic vocal music, where there is a significant correlation between the pitch movement of the text and the movement of the melody to which it is set, i.e. between tone and tune. Specifically, proponents of such a low boundary tone would predict that the turning point between falling and rising melody, the “musical trough”, should center around the word-final mora or syllable. The present study provides the first full description of troughs in the Delphic Hymns and finds that they are indeed closely aligned with word-end. Furthermore, once other factors that could lead to word-final troughs are set aside, i.e. once potential confounds are controlled for, the association of the trough with word-end remains strong, suggesting that we should in fact reconstruct the low boundary tone.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Greek and Roman Musical Studies"},"translated_abstract":"Several scholars have suggested that in ancient Greek there was a low boundary tone at the end of a relatively small prosodic constituent such as a clitic group or maximal prosodic word. The boundary tone may phonologically motivate some puzzling pitch-accentual phenomena in the language. One is the diachronic pitch-peak retraction that led to the circumflex pitch accent (HL) on penultimate syllables (the “sōtêra rule”). Another is the intonational phrase-internal downstepping or deletion of a word-final acute accent (H); that conversion of an acute to a grave accent is known as “lulling” or “koímēsis”. If such a low boundary tone existed, its effects should still be audible in ancient Greek non-strophic vocal music, where there is a significant correlation between the pitch movement of the text and the movement of the melody to which it is set, i.e. between tone and tune. Specifically, proponents of such a low boundary tone would predict that the turning point between falling and rising melody, the “musical trough”, should center around the word-final mora or syllable. The present study provides the first full description of troughs in the Delphic Hymns and finds that they are indeed closely aligned with word-end. Furthermore, once other factors that could lead to word-final troughs are set aside, i.e. once potential confounds are controlled for, the association of the trough with word-end remains strong, suggesting that we should in fact reconstruct the low boundary tone.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99817566/Musical_evidence_for_low_boundary_tones_in_ancient_Greek","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-04-07T06:30:20.582-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Musical_evidence_for_low_boundary_tones_in_ancient_Greek","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology"},{"id":2077,"name":"Speech Prosody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speech_Prosody"},{"id":19373,"name":"Ancient Greek Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Music"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83903972"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83903972/The_first_person_singular_of_the_athematic_middle_optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The first person singular of the athematic middle optative in Vedic and Indo-Iranian" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89101207/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83903972/The_first_person_singular_of_the_athematic_middle_optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian">The first person singular of the athematic middle optative in Vedic and Indo-Iranian</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the American Oriental Society 142.2</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥gveda, there is strong met...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥gveda, there is strong metrical evidence that the poets knew and used forms in *-iy-a alongside the morphologically regular forms in -īy-a. I argue that the forms in *-iy-a are older and developed from PIE *-ih1-h2e by regular sound change, whereas the younger ones in -īy-a result from morphological regularization (analogy). The phonological development of *-ih1-h2e > *-iy-a provides further evidence for the historical phonology of “laryngeals” and geminate consonants in the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="036a18d1b573edd13096796a1343b900" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89101207,"asset_id":83903972,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89101207/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83903972"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83903972"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83903972; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83903972]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83903972]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83903972; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83903972']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 83903972, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "036a18d1b573edd13096796a1343b900" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83903972]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83903972,"title":"The first person singular of the athematic middle optative in Vedic and Indo-Iranian","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.5913/jaos.142.2.2022.ar011","abstract":"In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥gveda, there is strong metrical evidence that the poets knew and used forms in *-iy-a alongside the morphologically regular forms in -īy-a. I argue that the forms in *-iy-a are older and developed from PIE *-ih1-h2e by regular sound change, whereas the younger ones in -īy-a result from morphological regularization (analogy). The phonological development of *-ih1-h2e \u003e *-iy-a provides further evidence for the historical phonology of “laryngeals” and geminate consonants in the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the American Oriental Society 142.2"},"translated_abstract":"In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥gveda, there is strong metrical evidence that the poets knew and used forms in *-iy-a alongside the morphologically regular forms in -īy-a. I argue that the forms in *-iy-a are older and developed from PIE *-ih1-h2e by regular sound change, whereas the younger ones in -īy-a result from morphological regularization (analogy). The phonological development of *-ih1-h2e \u003e *-iy-a provides further evidence for the historical phonology of “laryngeals” and geminate consonants in the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83903972/The_first_person_singular_of_the_athematic_middle_optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-29T05:06:53.735-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"other","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":89101207,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89101207/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2022_iya_proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89101207/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_first_person_singular_of_the_athemat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89101207/2022_iya_proofs-libre.pdf?1659097351=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_first_person_singular_of_the_athemat.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=BlqzQboh2Xy5Eb~v9SP4je4JMlC1J~3gdQrG-eLED5s~AOIEp1-n~rJ0U2qr7plysXUyMmSIrrVUGjA2Oyaj9ofYhZtjULgvUCyy~8XdIVOjSilmrbUx5Dx4Z7LnpOjFabKDvuEdEvd1ltpKZiUxG522wiOjziTAAxVoafcnYGIXAMs7HzgCO~lbT5J3l4vpLGPV45i4rUNlkULJA-bq8AxJuf3BAdoc~3LWz9ZLZ45Jv~Rb-qPR0-d7hAibGZS62-Kcfx8pJ7AvZWKA-2MEsD4b8-lYrEF9al~7xAwpCUS02v8ObnvsAAStZs2hV7TEyuYVq3QDNB83jT2BL6Zhng__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_first_person_singular_of_the_athematic_middle_optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":89101207,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89101207/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2022_iya_proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89101207/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_first_person_singular_of_the_athemat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89101207/2022_iya_proofs-libre.pdf?1659097351=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_first_person_singular_of_the_athemat.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=BlqzQboh2Xy5Eb~v9SP4je4JMlC1J~3gdQrG-eLED5s~AOIEp1-n~rJ0U2qr7plysXUyMmSIrrVUGjA2Oyaj9ofYhZtjULgvUCyy~8XdIVOjSilmrbUx5Dx4Z7LnpOjFabKDvuEdEvd1ltpKZiUxG522wiOjziTAAxVoafcnYGIXAMs7HzgCO~lbT5J3l4vpLGPV45i4rUNlkULJA-bq8AxJuf3BAdoc~3LWz9ZLZ45Jv~Rb-qPR0-d7hAibGZS62-Kcfx8pJ7AvZWKA-2MEsD4b8-lYrEF9al~7xAwpCUS02v8ObnvsAAStZs2hV7TEyuYVq3QDNB83jT2BL6Zhng__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1207,"name":"Historical Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Linguistics"},{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit"},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology"},{"id":19832,"name":"Indo-Iranian Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Iranian_Linguistics"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics"},{"id":89360,"name":"Rigveda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rigveda"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79356164"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79356164/Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case_for_Restoring_Two_Endings"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Vedic Sanskrit Vocatives in -an: The Case for Restoring Two Endings" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86098711/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79356164/Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case_for_Restoring_Two_Endings">Vedic Sanskrit Vocatives in -an: The Case for Restoring Two Endings</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Ha! Linguistic Studies in Honor of Mark R. Hale, ed. Laura Grestenberger, Charles Reiss, Hannes A. Fellner, and Gabriel Z. Pantillon, 117–134. Wiesbaden: Reichert.</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article provides new distributional evidence for a split in Vedic vocatives in -an, such tha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article provides new distributional evidence for a split in Vedic vocatives in -an, such that some (e.g., maghavan) were heavy-final at composition, while others (e.g., somapāvan) were not. Our evidence largely agrees with the scheme of Arnold (1905), though we suggest minor revisions, and largely opposes the schemes of Oldenberg (1888, 1908). The second half of the article considers the historical motivation for the observed split in -an vocatives. We favor an account by which some -an vocatives were in fact vocatives to stems in -ant- originally, explaining their weight. The remaining Arnoldian tokens can be ascribed to analogical extension from the -ant-stem forms, as we support by adducing morphological and poetic parallels between the unextended and extended forms. To be sure, extension is needed under any scenario, as the heavy-final forms are eventually (post-RV) fully generalized. The bifurcation in -an vocatives in the RV demonstrates that the extension of heavy-finality was underway but incomplete at the time when that corpus was composed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f4942fcd7415282a3113093c21e65380" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86098711,"asset_id":79356164,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86098711/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79356164"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79356164"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79356164; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79356164]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79356164]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79356164; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79356164']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79356164, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f4942fcd7415282a3113093c21e65380" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79356164]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79356164,"title":"Vedic Sanskrit Vocatives in -an: The Case for Restoring Two Endings","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.29091/9783752000856/007","abstract":"This article provides new distributional evidence for a split in Vedic vocatives in -an, such that some (e.g., maghavan) were heavy-final at composition, while others (e.g., somapāvan) were not. Our evidence largely agrees with the scheme of Arnold (1905), though we suggest minor revisions, and largely opposes the schemes of Oldenberg (1888, 1908). The second half of the article considers the historical motivation for the observed split in -an vocatives. We favor an account by which some -an vocatives were in fact vocatives to stems in -ant- originally, explaining their weight. The remaining Arnoldian tokens can be ascribed to analogical extension from the -ant-stem forms, as we support by adducing morphological and poetic parallels between the unextended and extended forms. To be sure, extension is needed under any scenario, as the heavy-final forms are eventually (post-RV) fully generalized. The bifurcation in -an vocatives in the RV demonstrates that the extension of heavy-finality was underway but incomplete at the time when that corpus was composed.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Ha! Linguistic Studies in Honor of Mark R. Hale, ed. Laura Grestenberger, Charles Reiss, Hannes A. Fellner, and Gabriel Z. Pantillon, 117–134. Wiesbaden: Reichert."},"translated_abstract":"This article provides new distributional evidence for a split in Vedic vocatives in -an, such that some (e.g., maghavan) were heavy-final at composition, while others (e.g., somapāvan) were not. Our evidence largely agrees with the scheme of Arnold (1905), though we suggest minor revisions, and largely opposes the schemes of Oldenberg (1888, 1908). The second half of the article considers the historical motivation for the observed split in -an vocatives. We favor an account by which some -an vocatives were in fact vocatives to stems in -ant- originally, explaining their weight. The remaining Arnoldian tokens can be ascribed to analogical extension from the -ant-stem forms, as we support by adducing morphological and poetic parallels between the unextended and extended forms. To be sure, extension is needed under any scenario, as the heavy-final forms are eventually (post-RV) fully generalized. The bifurcation in -an vocatives in the RV demonstrates that the extension of heavy-finality was underway but incomplete at the time when that corpus was composed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79356164/Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case_for_Restoring_Two_Endings","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-18T00:18:41.254-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":38246112,"work_id":79356164,"tagging_user_id":373657,"tagged_user_id":32593279,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***n@fas.harvard.edu","affiliation":"Harvard University","display_order":1,"name":"Kevin M Ryan","title":"Vedic Sanskrit Vocatives in -an: The Case for Restoring Two Endings"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86098711,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86098711/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2022_arnoldians_proofs_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86098711/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86098711/2022_arnoldians_proofs_2-libre.pdf?1652858994=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case.pdf\u0026Expires=1732747498\u0026Signature=NVn-e0bX8N4sy~UcO~LDHoOPsay9ho0F56wgvTixWlevS2JCX~AX2U06cAZCUrCQ~9I~sxBkv0lTLAC8j8EajVB1yWwulrneXvgzTOdSSMJFjWj~uyXyyF45HBcJLbElZADj1h1r0qex6twxLwjJdWqpBJ5XLDemfB2Qac3snSe3eUVtxYrf~9gqFdtkJ1pr67TlDZ7KSfvDvoyEq71M-v2tyc3I2iWkxQ-rMs1QZwWoKoiEQlA~Mc-wVY6vaBQToZpCFoWlsA8ur9xkS7hrFDjiY~x3vTh7RPflHFmdPqDxBS6mzL2j24uVifIuHV7HBbvSzEzgqbfOjy6sUMA3kQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case_for_Restoring_Two_Endings","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":86098711,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86098711/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2022_arnoldians_proofs_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86098711/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Vedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86098711/2022_arnoldians_proofs_2-libre.pdf?1652858994=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DVedic_Sanskrit_Vocatives_in_an_The_Case.pdf\u0026Expires=1732747498\u0026Signature=NVn-e0bX8N4sy~UcO~LDHoOPsay9ho0F56wgvTixWlevS2JCX~AX2U06cAZCUrCQ~9I~sxBkv0lTLAC8j8EajVB1yWwulrneXvgzTOdSSMJFjWj~uyXyyF45HBcJLbElZADj1h1r0qex6twxLwjJdWqpBJ5XLDemfB2Qac3snSe3eUVtxYrf~9gqFdtkJ1pr67TlDZ7KSfvDvoyEq71M-v2tyc3I2iWkxQ-rMs1QZwWoKoiEQlA~Mc-wVY6vaBQToZpCFoWlsA8ur9xkS7hrFDjiY~x3vTh7RPflHFmdPqDxBS6mzL2j24uVifIuHV7HBbvSzEzgqbfOjy6sUMA3kQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1239,"name":"Phonology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phonology"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":7901,"name":"Vedic Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedic_Sanskrit"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics"},{"id":89360,"name":"Rigveda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rigveda"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37781541"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37781541/Localizational_Evidence_for_the_Restoration_of_Rigvedic_mimih%C3%AD_measure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Localizational Evidence for the Restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí 'measure'" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57778226/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37781541/Localizational_Evidence_for_the_Restoration_of_Rigvedic_mimih%C3%AD_measure">Localizational Evidence for the Restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí 'measure'</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>2018. Vina Diem Celebrent. Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine, ed. Dieter Gunkel, Stephanie W. Jamison, Angelo O. Mercado, and Kazuhiko Yoshida, 76–92. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press.</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The paper provides metrical evidence that the Rigvedic poets knew and used the verb form *mimihí...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The paper provides metrical evidence that the Rigvedic poets knew and used the verb form  *mimihí 'measure', not the transmitted form mimīhí. The poets' form is a linguistic archaism that permits a glance into a morphological change that affected the Vedic verbal system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cc7e6e85ba7b4540c31dc5a2546f0ce7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57778226,"asset_id":37781541,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57778226/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37781541"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37781541"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37781541; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37781541]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37781541]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37781541; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37781541']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37781541, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cc7e6e85ba7b4540c31dc5a2546f0ce7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37781541]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37781541,"title":"Localizational Evidence for the Restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí 'measure'","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The paper provides metrical evidence that the Rigvedic poets knew and used the verb form *mimihí 'measure', not the transmitted form mimīhí. 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Ryan. 2018. Phonological Evidence for Pāda Cohesion in Rigvedic Versification. In Language and Meter, ed. Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein, 34–52. Leiden: Brill.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In terms of syntax and sense, Rigvedic verse seems often to be composed in pāda couplets. Further...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In terms of syntax and sense, Rigvedic verse seems often to be composed in pāda couplets. Further evidence from metrics and sandhi supports the same conclusion, though some of it cannot be reliably projected back to composition. We provide new phonological support for the existence of the couplet at composition based on two tests. First, the poets avoid hiatus more within couplets than between them. Second, the poets avoid V̆C#V junctures, where the C could potentially be resyllabified, more within couplets than between them. Both results can be explained if one assumes a lower-level metrical/prosodic boundary within couplets as opposed to between them at the time of composition.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4222ccd62369fe50a48f290ff7c2c88f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56184429,"asset_id":36279300,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56184429/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36279300"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36279300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36279300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36279300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36279300]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36279300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36279300']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36279300, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4222ccd62369fe50a48f290ff7c2c88f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36279300]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36279300,"title":"Phonological Evidence for Pāda Cohesion in Rigvedic Versification","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In terms of syntax and sense, Rigvedic verse seems often to be composed in pāda couplets. Further evidence from metrics and sandhi supports the same conclusion, though some of it cannot be reliably projected back to composition. We provide new phonological support for the existence of the couplet at composition based on two tests. First, the poets avoid hiatus more within couplets than between them. Second, the poets avoid V̆C#V junctures, where the C could potentially be resyllabified, more within couplets than between them. Both results can be explained if one assumes a lower-level metrical/prosodic boundary within couplets as opposed to between them at the time of composition.","more_info":"These are uncorrected proofs.","ai_title_tag":"Phonological Support for Pāda Couplets in Rigvedic Verse","publication_name":"Gunkel, Dieter and Kevin M. Ryan. 2018. Phonological Evidence for Pāda Cohesion in Rigvedic Versification. In Language and Meter, ed. Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein, 34–52. Leiden: Brill."},"translated_abstract":"In terms of syntax and sense, Rigvedic verse seems often to be composed in pāda couplets. Further evidence from metrics and sandhi supports the same conclusion, though some of it cannot be reliably projected back to composition. We provide new phonological support for the existence of the couplet at composition based on two tests. First, the poets avoid hiatus more within couplets than between them. Second, the poets avoid V̆C#V junctures, where the C could potentially be resyllabified, more within couplets than between them. 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Introduction. In Language and Meter, ed. Dieter Gunkel and Olav Hackstein, 1–6. Leiden: Brill.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This introduction to Language and Meter gives an overview of the contents of the volume.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="418d8be1544a727b1a45367b7f13f06a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56184483,"asset_id":36279347,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56184483/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36279347"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36279347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36279347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36279347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36279347]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36279347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='36279347']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36279347, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "418d8be1544a727b1a45367b7f13f06a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=36279347]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":36279347,"title":"Introduction (to Language and Meter)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This introduction to Language and Meter gives an overview of the contents of the volume.","more_info":"These are uncorrected proofs.","publication_name":"Gunkel, Dieter and Olav Hackstein. 2018. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="23717958"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/23717958/The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x25_Syllable_Meter"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44142768/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/23717958/The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x25_Syllable_Meter">The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gunkel, Dieter. 2016. The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter. In Sahasram Ati Srajas. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Stephanie W. Jamison, ed. Dieter Gunkel, Joshua T. Katz, Brent Vine, and Michael Weiss. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The well-attested Tocharian 4×25-syllable meter arose via the borrowing of the Sanskrit Krauñcapa...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The well-attested Tocharian 4×25-syllable meter arose via the borrowing of the Sanskrit Krauñcapadā, a syllabo-quantitative meter attested only in Sanskrit metrical treatises and a buddhastotra found in the Kizil caves whose stanza likewise consists of four 25-syllable verses. The Tocharians adopted the three caesurae prescribed for the Krauñcapadā in the metrical treatises as well as two further “caesurals” that are present in the stotra but not in the treatises. They gave up regulating syllable weight, presumably because Tocharian phonology did not support it. As a result, the original motivation for the location of the caesurae, which divide the Krauñcapadā verse into moraically balanced half- and quarter-verses, was obfuscated, yielding a syllable-counting meter with fixed caesurae and cola of unequal lengths.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f78ccab97bef24b036d38beacd294fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44142768,"asset_id":23717958,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44142768/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="23717958"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23717958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23717958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23717958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23717958]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23717958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='23717958']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23717958, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8f78ccab97bef24b036d38beacd294fe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=23717958]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":23717958,"title":"The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The well-attested Tocharian 4×25-syllable meter arose via the borrowing of the Sanskrit Krauñcapadā, a syllabo-quantitative meter attested only in Sanskrit metrical treatises and a buddhastotra found in the Kizil caves whose stanza likewise consists of four 25-syllable verses. The Tocharians adopted the three caesurae prescribed for the Krauñcapadā in the metrical treatises as well as two further “caesurals” that are present in the stotra but not in the treatises. They gave up regulating syllable weight, presumably because Tocharian phonology did not support it. As a result, the original motivation for the location of the caesurae, which divide the Krauñcapadā verse into moraically balanced half- and quarter-verses, was obfuscated, yielding a syllable-counting meter with fixed caesurae and cola of unequal lengths.","publication_name":"Gunkel, Dieter. 2016. The Sanskrit Source of the Tocharian 4x25-Syllable Meter. In Sahasram Ati Srajas. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Stephanie W. Jamison, ed. Dieter Gunkel, Joshua T. Katz, Brent Vine, and Michael Weiss. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press."},"translated_abstract":"The well-attested Tocharian 4×25-syllable meter arose via the borrowing of the Sanskrit Krauñcapadā, a syllabo-quantitative meter attested only in Sanskrit metrical treatises and a buddhastotra found in the Kizil caves whose stanza likewise consists of four 25-syllable verses. The Tocharians adopted the three caesurae prescribed for the Krauñcapadā in the metrical treatises as well as two further “caesurals” that are present in the stotra but not in the treatises. They gave up regulating syllable weight, presumably because Tocharian phonology did not support it. As a result, the original motivation for the location of the caesurae, which divide the Krauñcapadā verse into moraically balanced half- and quarter-verses, was obfuscated, yielding a syllable-counting meter with fixed caesurae and cola of unequal lengths.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23717958/The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x25_Syllable_Meter","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2016-03-27T07:30:08.601-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44142768,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44142768/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Skt_source_of_Toch_4x25_proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44142768/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x2.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44142768/Skt_source_of_Toch_4x25_proofs-libre.pdf?1459088722=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x2.pdf\u0026Expires=1732747499\u0026Signature=dS-nWuC0CfkipadCkHMmCopeu5uTKvoe9VaomYPXUEISv~4HYYraveNc5HZJ2~e5Lx3JbnZB3UM03SVSO29lcKh736lP0dlwA7KrxcZz8ZwHsSF1cWneIfIFlQLlTmHlm7mE7~xAvwX6N6C8iWWIhMKtllB5bTdPvt2m80-6QOSM6QF~2uGW~lm8XamN-ZnVr4BUviuniuzCHZCM9XzakLeZcNBcZvMnGPFWSIJioLDKA-~0Q9Ryk0QDD1gGDOU21vZxavWNe2ocayZ28lZw~gb4M8ksiiNwOrf~v1qaG6YIxCO9GKtCXH~JAeRNdyf~iOXKmBr~v6rpvdP1DIFlVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x25_Syllable_Meter","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":44142768,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/44142768/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Skt_source_of_Toch_4x25_proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44142768/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x2.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/44142768/Skt_source_of_Toch_4x25_proofs-libre.pdf?1459088722=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Sanskrit_Source_of_the_Tocharian_4x2.pdf\u0026Expires=1732747499\u0026Signature=dS-nWuC0CfkipadCkHMmCopeu5uTKvoe9VaomYPXUEISv~4HYYraveNc5HZJ2~e5Lx3JbnZB3UM03SVSO29lcKh736lP0dlwA7KrxcZz8ZwHsSF1cWneIfIFlQLlTmHlm7mE7~xAvwX6N6C8iWWIhMKtllB5bTdPvt2m80-6QOSM6QF~2uGW~lm8XamN-ZnVr4BUviuniuzCHZCM9XzakLeZcNBcZvMnGPFWSIJioLDKA-~0Q9Ryk0QDD1gGDOU21vZxavWNe2ocayZ28lZw~gb4M8ksiiNwOrf~v1qaG6YIxCO9GKtCXH~JAeRNdyf~iOXKmBr~v6rpvdP1DIFlVg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5076,"name":"Sanskrit language and literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_language_and_literature"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":6922,"name":"Poetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics"},{"id":12467,"name":"Tocharian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tocharian"},{"id":32522,"name":"Indo-European Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-European_Linguistics"}],"urls":[{"id":6948042,"url":"http://www.beechstave.com/"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9244704"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9244704/The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable_verse"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54091087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9244704/The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable_verse">The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/ChristophBross">Christoph Bross</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>2015 with Christoph Bross and Kevin M. Ryan. The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse. In Tocharian Texts in Context, ed. Melanie Malzahn, Michaël Peyrot, Hannes Fellner, and Theresa-Susanna Illés, 15–27. Bremen: Hempen.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), but we find no support for the putative alternative colometries of 4x15 often cited in the literature (viz. 6+4+5 and 8+7). In rare cases in which the medial caesura is violated, a word boundary after position 6 or 8 is highly probable by chance alone, as we confirm through corpus statistics. If the colometry is indeed invariable, one major argument for the influence of Indic on Tocharian metrics is undermined. We further reinforce that the medial caesura is no stronger than the final one, despite their putative statuses as major vs. minor caesurae, respectively. The more complex picture of the metrical practice of the poets demands that we call into question certain proposed restorations.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fcb5272bf0030f2ca59e85f5d29e62fb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54091087,"asset_id":9244704,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54091087/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9244704"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9244704"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9244704; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9244704]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9244704]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9244704; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9244704']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9244704, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fcb5272bf0030f2ca59e85f5d29e62fb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9244704]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9244704,"title":"The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), but we find no support for the putative alternative colometries of 4x15 often cited in the literature (viz. 6+4+5 and 8+7). In rare cases in which the medial caesura is violated, a word boundary after position 6 or 8 is highly probable by chance alone, as we confirm through corpus statistics. If the colometry is indeed invariable, one major argument for the influence of Indic on Tocharian metrics is undermined. We further reinforce that the medial caesura is no stronger than the final one, despite their putative statuses as major vs. minor caesurae, respectively. The more complex picture of the metrical practice of the poets demands that we call into question certain proposed restorations.","publication_name":"2015 with Christoph Bross and Kevin M. Ryan. The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse. In Tocharian Texts in Context, ed. Melanie Malzahn, Michaël Peyrot, Hannes Fellner, and Theresa-Susanna Illés, 15–27. Bremen: Hempen."},"translated_abstract":"We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), but we find no support for the putative alternative colometries of 4x15 often cited in the literature (viz. 6+4+5 and 8+7). In rare cases in which the medial caesura is violated, a word boundary after position 6 or 8 is highly probable by chance alone, as we confirm through corpus statistics. If the colometry is indeed invariable, one major argument for the influence of Indic on Tocharian metrics is undermined. We further reinforce that the medial caesura is no stronger than the final one, despite their putative statuses as major vs. minor caesurae, respectively. The more complex picture of the metrical practice of the poets demands that we call into question certain proposed restorations.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9244704/The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable_verse","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-11-11T00:19:52.323-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":3614925,"work_id":9244704,"tagging_user_id":373657,"tagged_user_id":32593279,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***n@fas.harvard.edu","affiliation":"Harvard University","display_order":0,"name":"Kevin M Ryan","title":"The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse"},{"id":9997,"work_id":9244704,"tagging_user_id":373657,"tagged_user_id":489835,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"c***b@t-online.de","affiliation":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München","display_order":null,"name":"Christoph Bross","title":"The colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54091087,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54091087/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4x15_offprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54091087/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54091087/4x15_offprint-libre.pdf?1502224694=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=dLXRSu9NJSDsx6nhqkdQNHS2qDv1v63w882roB6J7Q3kbXhtQGvXcV-BBpuNx4yZZSXOn8kT5LzXBWih-Rrq2vQulbkjGvYX2Tn3DLDpfb5xx2zsYTgT9SQtUveS6MK9xf7v-apkXka1xofINJBfAm-H4FdEYK6fPJi2HZu2Aw8bQr5kHPYfLxlH0fZ1-rNUZiyt2t57RXgatk-pGjsOEFqThIQ12EPq0OKhpvA1Z3bj58ITJozjIn1sgpxM0JOBWzkpFbp3LytzafG9oohO71C-c6jOq2D0F~ECM9xYHmb2RSZVVGwva9-aJN4VaSMESbAD~wD8TbpgZ9zx7dB7aQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable_verse","translated_slug":"","page_count":17,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":54091087,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54091087/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"4x15_offprint.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54091087/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/54091087/4x15_offprint-libre.pdf?1502224694=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_colometry_of_Tocharian_4x15_syllable.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784251\u0026Signature=dLXRSu9NJSDsx6nhqkdQNHS2qDv1v63w882roB6J7Q3kbXhtQGvXcV-BBpuNx4yZZSXOn8kT5LzXBWih-Rrq2vQulbkjGvYX2Tn3DLDpfb5xx2zsYTgT9SQtUveS6MK9xf7v-apkXka1xofINJBfAm-H4FdEYK6fPJi2HZu2Aw8bQr5kHPYfLxlH0fZ1-rNUZiyt2t57RXgatk-pGjsOEFqThIQ12EPq0OKhpvA1Z3bj58ITJozjIn1sgpxM0JOBWzkpFbp3LytzafG9oohO71C-c6jOq2D0F~ECM9xYHmb2RSZVVGwva9-aJN4VaSMESbAD~wD8TbpgZ9zx7dB7aQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2906,"name":"Buddhist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buddhist_Studies"},{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":10157,"name":"Corpus Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corpus_Linguistics"},{"id":12467,"name":"Tocharian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tocharian"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9244820"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9244820/Caesurae_bridges_and_the_colometry_of_four_Tocharian_B_meters"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35514529/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9244820/Caesurae_bridges_and_the_colometry_of_four_Tocharian_B_meters">Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/KevinRyan">Kevin M Ryan</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/ChristophBross">Christoph Bross</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>2014 with Christoph Bross and Kevin M. Ryan. Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters. Indo-European Linguistics 2:1–23.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, and the major colon in turn dominating one or more minor cola. After providing much-needed descriptive data on Tocharian meter, we assess the evidence for the distinction between major vs. minor caesurae in some of the most popular Tocharian B meters, finding support for the commonly assumed colometries in some but not all cases. Of particular interest is the recurring 4+3-syllable colon, since the violability of its internal (putatively minor) caesura varies significantly across meters. We argue that this varying strictness is indeed a function of the meter as opposed to position in the verse, verse length, idiosyncrasies of certain texts, and so forth. We then use a systematic prose comparison method to test the meters for bridges, finding evidence for monosyllable avoidance in (certain) colon-final positions, despite an overall preference for monosyllables in verse vis-à-vis prose. Finally, we discuss the implications that our study has for the restoration of fragmentary Tocharian texts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47fa9c3deacbb35ef2cd9abba205b802" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35514529,"asset_id":9244820,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35514529/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9244820"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9244820"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9244820; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9244820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9244820]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9244820; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9244820']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9244820, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "47fa9c3deacbb35ef2cd9abba205b802" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9244820]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9244820,"title":"Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, and the major colon in turn dominating one or more minor cola. After providing much-needed descriptive data on Tocharian meter, we assess the evidence for the distinction between major vs. minor caesurae in some of the most popular Tocharian B meters, finding support for the commonly assumed colometries in some but not all cases. Of particular interest is the recurring 4+3-syllable colon, since the violability of its internal (putatively minor) caesura varies significantly across meters. We argue that this varying strictness is indeed a function of the meter as opposed to position in the verse, verse length, idiosyncrasies of certain texts, and so forth. We then use a systematic prose comparison method to test the meters for bridges, finding evidence for monosyllable avoidance in (certain) colon-final positions, despite an overall preference for monosyllables in verse vis-à-vis prose. Finally, we discuss the implications that our study has for the restoration of fragmentary Tocharian texts.","publication_name":"2014 with Christoph Bross and Kevin M. Ryan. Caesurae, bridges, and the colometry of four Tocharian B meters. Indo-European Linguistics 2:1–23."},"translated_abstract":"The Tocharians composed verse in hierarchical structures, with the verse dominating major cola, and the major colon in turn dominating one or more minor cola. After providing much-needed descriptive data on Tocharian meter, we assess the evidence for the distinction between major vs. minor caesurae in some of the most popular Tocharian B meters, finding support for the commonly assumed colometries in some but not all cases. Of particular interest is the recurring 4+3-syllable colon, since the violability of its internal (putatively minor) caesura varies significantly across meters. We argue that this varying strictness is indeed a function of the meter as opposed to position in the verse, verse length, idiosyncrasies of certain texts, and so forth. We then use a systematic prose comparison method to test the meters for bridges, finding evidence for monosyllable avoidance in (certain) colon-final positions, despite an overall preference for monosyllables in verse vis-à-vis prose. Finally, we discuss the implications that our study has for the restoration of fragmentary Tocharian texts.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9244820/Caesurae_bridges_and_the_colometry_of_four_Tocharian_B_meters","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-11-11T00:25:25.331-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":12933859,"work_id":9244820,"tagging_user_id":489835,"tagged_user_id":34281001,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"k***n@ul.ie","display_order":-4194303,"name":"Kevin. M. 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The Emergence of Foot Structure as a Factor in the Formation of Greek Verbal Nouns in -ma(t)-. Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 65:77–103.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The study is concerned with the relationship between word formation and foot structure in Ancient...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The study is concerned with the relationship between word formation and foot structure in Ancient Greek, Lexical Conservatism, and regularity in analogical change.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5823d550d0f2d9d9b331ea2730f879ca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":44305256,"asset_id":1099018,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44305256/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="1099018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1099018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1099018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1099018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1099018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1099018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='1099018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1099018, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5823d550d0f2d9d9b331ea2730f879ca" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=1099018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":1099018,"title":"The emergence of foot structure as a factor in the formation of Greek verbal nouns in -μα(τ)-","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The study is concerned with the relationship between word formation and foot structure in Ancient Greek, Lexical Conservatism, and regularity in analogical change.","publication_name":"2011. The Emergence of Foot Structure as a Factor in the Formation of Greek Verbal Nouns in -ma(t)-. 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In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, ed. Stephanie W. Jamison, H. Craig Melchert, and Brent Vine. Bremen: Hempen, 53–68.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Using new corpus resources for Rigvedic poetics, we address various aspects of the poets’ treatme...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Using new corpus resources for Rigvedic poetics, we address various aspects of the poets’ treatment of vowel hiatus and pre-vocalic shortening (correption), including their strategies for avoidance of these phenomena in certain contexts. Using observed vs. expected tests, we demonstrate, for one, that hiatus avoidance is correlated with degree of metrical-prosodic juncture. For example, hiatus is actively avoided both at the caesura in trimeter verse and between p􀀄das, but its avoidance is weaker in the latter case. In conducting these tests, we control for a confound (interference) from pre-vocalic shortening, which requires us to address the problem of whether it was optional or obligatory within the hemistich. It turns out that /V􀀃 1#V2/ patterns as metrically heavier than /V˘ 1#V2/ in the aggregate, though not as heavy as /V􀀃C#V/. We then discuss different means by which the poets avoid setting up underlying hiatus junctures, including lexical avoidance (i.e., word selection), morphological avoidance (i.e., allomorph selection), and syntactic avoidance (i.e., word reordering). This last technique, whose existence we support with two different tests, is particularly striking, in that syntax (word order) is shown to be sensitive to phonotactics (marked junctures).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c8f342ad8de63cf649e09fd1b9e62ab" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":6580981,"asset_id":610713,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6580981/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="610713"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="610713"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 610713; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=610713]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=610713]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 610713; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='610713']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 610713, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c8f342ad8de63cf649e09fd1b9e62ab" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=610713]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":610713,"title":"Hiatus Avoidance and Metrification in the Rigveda","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Using new corpus resources for Rigvedic poetics, we address various aspects of the poets’ treatment of vowel hiatus and pre-vocalic shortening (correption), including their strategies for avoidance of these phenomena in certain contexts. 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In conducting these tests, we control for a confound (interference) from pre-vocalic shortening, which requires us to address the problem of whether it was optional or obligatory within the hemistich. It turns out that /V􀀃 1#V2/ patterns as metrically heavier than /V˘ 1#V2/ in the aggregate, though not as heavy as /V􀀃C#V/. We then discuss different means by which the poets avoid setting up underlying hiatus junctures, including lexical avoidance (i.e., word selection), morphological avoidance (i.e., allomorph selection), and syntactic avoidance (i.e., word reordering). 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Wheeler's Law. In Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics. Vol 3: P–Z, Index, ed. Georgios K. Giannakis et al. Leiden/Boston: Brill, 515–516.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a86e9b0f2ca9ffe954c472f3b13ba723" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35514095,"asset_id":2761352,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35514095/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2761352"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2761352"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2761352; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2761352]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2761352]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2761352; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='2761352']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2761352, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a86e9b0f2ca9ffe954c472f3b13ba723" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=2761352]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":2761352,"title":"Wheeler's Law","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_name":"2014. 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Sotera Rule. In Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics. Vol 3: P–Z, Index, ed. Georgios K. Giannakis et al. 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Law of Limitation. In Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics. Vol 2: G–O, ed. Georgios K. Giannakis et al. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40393688"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40393688/Investigating_Rigvedic_word_order_in_metrically_neutral_contexts"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Investigating Rigvedic word order in metrically neutral contexts" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60645128/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40393688/Investigating_Rigvedic_word_order_in_metrically_neutral_contexts">Investigating Rigvedic word order in metrically neutral contexts</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/KevinRyan">Kevin M Ryan</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Swappable bigrams provide a laboratory in which non-metrical effects on word order can be investi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Swappable bigrams provide a laboratory in which non-metrical effects on word order can be investigated in poetic texts. This talk presents some preliminary results from the Rigveda, identifying effects of syntax and phonology (hiatus avoidance and end weight) on word order.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2a5c3a8049248cd268c8ea7c06db0ad6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60645128,"asset_id":40393688,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60645128/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40393688"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40393688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40393688; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40393688]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40393688]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40393688; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40393688']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40393688, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2a5c3a8049248cd268c8ea7c06db0ad6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40393688]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40393688,"title":"Investigating Rigvedic word order in metrically neutral contexts","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Swappable bigrams provide a laboratory in which non-metrical effects on word order can be investigated in poetic texts. 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Fellner</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel">Dieter Gunkel</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://tcd.academia.edu/NathanWHill">Nathan W. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35102099"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35102099/On_the_accentual_status_of_vocatives_in_proto_Indo_European"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On the accentual status of vocatives in proto-Indo-European" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54963549/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35102099/On_the_accentual_status_of_vocatives_in_proto_Indo_European">On the accentual status of vocatives in proto-Indo-European</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Vocatives in Vedic Sanskrit were lexically unaccented. In phrase-initial position, they host a ph...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Vocatives in Vedic Sanskrit were lexically unaccented. In phrase-initial position, they host a phrasal tone, much as lexically unaccented words in Tokyo Japanese and Northern Bizkaian Basque. Departing from this grammar, we arrive just as easily at the Greek and Balto-Slavic data, so this is what we should reconstruct for the linguistic ancestor of those branches (at least). I find no evidence for a synchronic vocative accent retraction process.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ee524c784d3fc078659729ede93505c6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54963549,"asset_id":35102099,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54963549/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35102099"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35102099"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35102099; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35102099]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35102099]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35102099; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35102099']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35102099, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ee524c784d3fc078659729ede93505c6" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35102099]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35102099,"title":"On the accentual status of vocatives in proto-Indo-European","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Vocatives in Vedic Sanskrit were lexically unaccented. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33302380"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/33302380/Polarity_focus_in_Vedic_prose_via_y%C3%A1_ev%C3%A1%E1%B9%83_v%C3%A9da"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Polarity focus in Vedic prose via yá eváṃ véda" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53367075/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/33302380/Polarity_focus_in_Vedic_prose_via_y%C3%A1_ev%C3%A1%E1%B9%83_v%C3%A9da">Polarity focus in Vedic prose via yá eváṃ véda</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Given they way that a particular construction consisting of a main clause and the relative clause...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Given they way that a particular construction consisting of a main clause and the relative clause yá eváṃ véda 'who so knows' is conventionally employed in the Aitareya- and Jaiminīya-Brāhmaṇa, it is plausible that there is often, but not always, polarity focus in the main clause. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="12281423" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120285436"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120285436/On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On the representation and realization of the ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120285436/On_the_representation_and_realization_of_the_ancient_Greek_acute_Evidence_from_tone_tune_mappings_in_Ancient_Greek_music">On the representation and realization of the ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Greek Linguistics</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns found on or near prosodically prominent syllables in Ancient Greek, namely, the distinction between the so-called “acute” and “circumflex” accents. Empirically, we investigate in detail the correlation between tones and tunes in the Delphic hymns (DAGM 20 and 21) on syllables capable of bearing a circumflex accent (i.e., syllables containing a long vowel or diphthong = VV-syllables). This data supports two major findings. First, VV-syllables with circumflex accent are significantly more likely to be set to a melism than VV-syllables that are acute, grave, or unaccented, and, moreover, the proportion of melismatic settings among acute, unaccented, and grave VV-syllables does not significantly differ. Second, circumflex melisms consistently (always or nearly so) fall in pitch (on average, by three semitones), whereas acute and unaccented melisms may either rise or fall (on average, by 1.5–2.25 semitones in either direction). Taken together, this data conforms to the usual description of the circumflex as a falling pitch, [H L], but speaks against claims that the acute constitutes a rising pitch ([L H], or High alone aligned with the latter portion of a VV-syllable, [∅ H]). We instead conclude that the acute represents a single High pitch target phonologically mapped to the entirety of a VV-syllable, and discuss the implications for the phonological analysis of the prosody of Ancient Greek in light of the typology of contour tones.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120285436"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120285436"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120285436; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120285436]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120285436]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120285436; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120285436']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 120285436, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120285436]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120285436,"title":"On the representation and realization of the ancient Greek acute: Evidence from tone-tune mappings in Ancient Greek music","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1163/15699846-02401004","abstract":"This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns found on or near prosodically prominent syllables in Ancient Greek, namely, the distinction between the so-called “acute” and “circumflex” accents. Empirically, we investigate in detail the correlation between tones and tunes in the Delphic hymns (DAGM 20 and 21) on syllables capable of bearing a circumflex accent (i.e., syllables containing a long vowel or diphthong = VV-syllables). This data supports two major findings. First, VV-syllables with circumflex accent are significantly more likely to be set to a melism than VV-syllables that are acute, grave, or unaccented, and, moreover, the proportion of melismatic settings among acute, unaccented, and grave VV-syllables does not significantly differ. Second, circumflex melisms consistently (always or nearly so) fall in pitch (on average, by three semitones), whereas acute and unaccented melisms may either rise or fall (on average, by 1.5–2.25 semitones in either direction). Taken together, this data conforms to the usual description of the circumflex as a falling pitch, [H L], but speaks against claims that the acute constitutes a rising pitch ([L H], or High alone aligned with the latter portion of a VV-syllable, [∅ H]). We instead conclude that the acute represents a single High pitch target phonologically mapped to the entirety of a VV-syllable, and discuss the implications for the phonological analysis of the prosody of Ancient Greek in light of the typology of contour tones.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Greek Linguistics"},"translated_abstract":"This study addresses the phonological representation and phonetic realization of pitch patterns found on or near prosodically prominent syllables in Ancient Greek, namely, the distinction between the so-called “acute” and “circumflex” accents. Empirically, we investigate in detail the correlation between tones and tunes in the Delphic hymns (DAGM 20 and 21) on syllables capable of bearing a circumflex accent (i.e., syllables containing a long vowel or diphthong = VV-syllables). This data supports two major findings. First, VV-syllables with circumflex accent are significantly more likely to be set to a melism than VV-syllables that are acute, grave, or unaccented, and, moreover, the proportion of melismatic settings among acute, unaccented, and grave VV-syllables does not significantly differ. Second, circumflex melisms consistently (always or nearly so) fall in pitch (on average, by three semitones), whereas acute and unaccented melisms may either rise or fall (on average, by 1.5–2.25 semitones in either direction). Taken together, this data conforms to the usual description of the circumflex as a falling pitch, [H L], but speaks against claims that the acute constitutes a rising pitch ([L H], or High alone aligned with the latter portion of a VV-syllable, [∅ H]). 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 200</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e5d4d33a393d0c9f4999294d0ce57af3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94928580,"asset_id":91723347,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94928580/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91723347"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91723347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91723347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91723347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91723347]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91723347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91723347']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 91723347, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e5d4d33a393d0c9f4999294d0ce57af3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91723347]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91723347,"title":"\\u3cem\\u3eGreek and Latin from an Indo-European Perspective\\u3c/em\\u3e (Book Review)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Review of the book, Greek and Latin from an Indo-European Perspective edited by Coulter George, Matthew McCullagh, Benedicte Nielsen, Antonia Ruppel, and Olga Tribulato. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91723346"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723346/Accentuation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Accentuation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94928579/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723346/Accentuation">Accentuation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The accent marks in modern editions of Ancient Greek texts primarily reflect the accentual system...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The accent marks in modern editions of Ancient Greek texts primarily reflect the accentual system of an educated register of the Koine of the early 2nd c. BCE. In this system, phonological, morphological, and lexical factors conspire to associate a pitch accent with one syllable of each lexical word. The phonology of the language permits limited contrasts in accentual position (λιθοβόλος vs. λιθόβολος = lithobólos vs. lithóbolos) and type (ἰσθμοί vs. ἰσθμοῖ = isthmói ̯ vs. isthmôi)̯; in the latter case, the syllable marked with an acute accent hosts a High tone, and that marked with a circumflex hosts a High-Low falling contour tone. In any given form, the maximum number of phonologically licit accentual contrasts is three. Within the bounds set by the phonology, morphological, and lexical factors, e.g. the inherent accentual properties of particular suffixes, further determine the accentuation of a word. Comparison with related Indo-European languages, especially Vedic, shows that ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a54944bdd3d204441cd3e4c907c6d177" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94928579,"asset_id":91723346,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94928579/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91723346"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91723346"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91723346; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91723346]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91723346]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91723346; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91723346']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 91723346, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a54944bdd3d204441cd3e4c907c6d177" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91723346]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91723346,"title":"Accentuation","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The accent marks in modern editions of Ancient Greek texts primarily reflect the accentual system of an educated register of the Koine of the early 2nd c. 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Comparison with related Indo-European languages, especially Vedic, shows that ...","publisher":"UR Scholarship Repository","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The accent marks in modern editions of Ancient Greek texts primarily reflect the accentual system of an educated register of the Koine of the early 2nd c. BCE. In this system, phonological, morphological, and lexical factors conspire to associate a pitch accent with one syllable of each lexical word. The phonology of the language permits limited contrasts in accentual position (λιθοβόλος vs. λιθόβολος = lithobólos vs. lithóbolos) and type (ἰσθμοί vs. ἰσθμοῖ = isthmói ̯ vs. isthmôi)̯; in the latter case, the syllable marked with an acute accent hosts a High tone, and that marked with a circumflex hosts a High-Low falling contour tone. In any given form, the maximum number of phonologically licit accentual contrasts is three. Within the bounds set by the phonology, morphological, and lexical factors, e.g. the inherent accentual properties of particular suffixes, further determine the accentuation of a word. Comparison with related Indo-European languages, especially Vedic, shows that ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91723346/Accentuation","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-11-27T12:53:28.781-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":373657,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":94928579,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94928579/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"232788466.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94928579/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Accentuation.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/94928579/232788466-libre.pdf?1669583361=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAccentuation.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784252\u0026Signature=QhSyo1T-tAKyNHAhNzqKMiaJG~jgUOVvVcgdk5Yqz5-mP7Moe-NGTrjZJy0~gaFPKd3cSSAVfSAZIdKAqroKZkSWpC0M4cifWqCDPVCTyzez3XojNvZF0dqyfoC~eGctml1eX3QTyVzo5ORE2tkJs8YDDHRmLpKoMrEX~HM0Kx1TTcmBVEFwxLnPGTNtaeWlojCINzT-seyOCHyLcUshF-gAxmsQ5i1K99LMPxQsA0F9RzvwAXpHhe6WlcM5P6BDqMdUi01A-zQvgUHJnkHamLzZTRFogAy7isLW0vs4q8rrwWNjYKvgmWtIw-L1E18epBluzrvX3R8iKAf4xG6Nbg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Accentuation","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":373657,"first_name":"Dieter","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gunkel","page_name":"DieterGunkel","domain_name":"chavez-ucla","created_at":"2011-03-23T00:47:32.709-07:00","display_name":"Dieter Gunkel","url":"https://chavez-ucla.academia.edu/DieterGunkel"},"attachments":[{"id":94928579,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94928579/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"232788466.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94928579/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Accentuation.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/94928579/232788466-libre.pdf?1669583361=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAccentuation.pdf\u0026Expires=1732784252\u0026Signature=QhSyo1T-tAKyNHAhNzqKMiaJG~jgUOVvVcgdk5Yqz5-mP7Moe-NGTrjZJy0~gaFPKd3cSSAVfSAZIdKAqroKZkSWpC0M4cifWqCDPVCTyzez3XojNvZF0dqyfoC~eGctml1eX3QTyVzo5ORE2tkJs8YDDHRmLpKoMrEX~HM0Kx1TTcmBVEFwxLnPGTNtaeWlojCINzT-seyOCHyLcUshF-gAxmsQ5i1K99LMPxQsA0F9RzvwAXpHhe6WlcM5P6BDqMdUi01A-zQvgUHJnkHamLzZTRFogAy7isLW0vs4q8rrwWNjYKvgmWtIw-L1E18epBluzrvX3R8iKAf4xG6Nbg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":816,"name":"Classics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics"},{"id":37337,"name":"Ancient Greek","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek"},{"id":484074,"name":"Koine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Koine"},{"id":968795,"name":"Accentuation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accentuation"}],"urls":[{"id":26448705,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/232788466.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91723345"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723345/Localizational_evidence_for_the_restoration_of_Rigvedic_mimih%C3%AD_measure_In_Vina_Diem_Celebrent_Studies_in_Linguistics_and_Philology_in_Honor_of_Brent_Vine"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Localizational evidence for the restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí ‘measure’.” In Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723345/Localizational_evidence_for_the_restoration_of_Rigvedic_mimih%C3%AD_measure_In_Vina_Diem_Celebrent_Studies_in_Linguistics_and_Philology_in_Honor_of_Brent_Vine">Localizational evidence for the restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí ‘measure’.” In Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purpose of this study is to provide new evidence for the existence of the 2 sg present active...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purpose of this study is to provide new evidence for the existence of the 2 sg present active imperative *mimihí ‘measure’ in the Rigveda. Controlling to an extent for the effects of morphosyntax, I show that the poets do not localize the forms transmitted as mimihí in the meter similarly to the way that they localize forms of the same metrical/phonological shape, e.g. did¯ıhí ‘shine’, ´si´s¯ıhí ‘sharpen’, gr.n. ¯ıhí ‘sing’. Instead, they localize them like forms of the shape *mimihí , e.g. kr.n. uhí ‘make’, ´sr.n.uhí ‘hear’, tanuhi ‘stretch’. Thus we should restore *mimihí . I then suggest that *mimihí should be understood as the regular phonological development of *mimh1dhi , a form that had not yet undergone the analogical process that produced the ¯ı in Class III reduplicated present stems of the type mim¯ı- , ´si´s¯ı- , i.e. preconsonantal weak stems formed to roots of the shape C¯a -</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91723345"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91723345"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91723345; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91723345]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91723345]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91723345; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91723345']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 91723345, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91723345]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91723345,"title":"Localizational evidence for the restoration of Rigvedic *mimihí ‘measure’.” In Vina Diem Celebrent: Studies in Linguistics and Philology in Honor of Brent Vine","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to provide new evidence for the existence of the 2 sg present active imperative *mimihí ‘measure’ in the Rigveda. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91723342"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723342/The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4X15_syllable_verse"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The colometry of Tocharian 4X15-syllable verse" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94928575/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723342/The_colometry_of_Tocharian_4X15_syllable_verse">The colometry of Tocharian 4X15-syllable verse</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), but we find no support for the putative alternative colometries of 4x15 often cited in the literature (viz. 6+4+5 and 8+7). In rare cases in which the medial caesura is violated, a word boundary after position 6 or 8 is highly probable by chance alone, as we confirm through corpus statistics. If the colometry is indeed invariable, one major argument for the influence of Indic on Tocharian metrics is undermined. We further reinforce that the medial caesura is no stronger than the final one, despite their putative statuses as major vs. minor caesurae, respectively. The more complex picture of the metrical practice of the poets demands that we call into question certain proposed restorations. 1 Metrical preliminaries Tocharian poems are composed of stanzas that can be classified according to how many verses they contain and whether or not those verses are isosyllabic. Most stanzas consist o...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2d86050105e68375fbe98d707f5bc911" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94928575,"asset_id":91723342,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94928575/download_file?st=MTczMjgwNDk3MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91723342"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91723342"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91723342; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91723342]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=91723342]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91723342; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='91723342']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 91723342, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2d86050105e68375fbe98d707f5bc911" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=91723342]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":91723342,"title":"The colometry of Tocharian 4X15-syllable verse","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"We identify the basic colometry of Tocharian 4x15-syllable verse as 4+3+3+5 (traditionally 7+8), but we find no support for the putative alternative colometries of 4x15 often cited in the literature (viz. 6+4+5 and 8+7). In rare cases in which the medial caesura is violated, a word boundary after position 6 or 8 is highly probable by chance alone, as we confirm through corpus statistics. If the colometry is indeed invariable, one major argument for the influence of Indic on Tocharian metrics is undermined. We further reinforce that the medial caesura is no stronger than the final one, despite their putative statuses as major vs. minor caesurae, respectively. The more complex picture of the metrical practice of the poets demands that we call into question certain proposed restorations. 1 Metrical preliminaries Tocharian poems are composed of stanzas that can be classified according to how many verses they contain and whether or not those verses are isosyllabic. 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After providing much-needed descriptive data on Tocharian meter, we assess the evidence for the distinction between major vs. minor caesurae in some of the most popular Tocharian B meters, finding support for the commonly assumed colometries in some but not all cases. Of particular interest is the recurring 4+3-syllable colon, since the violability of its internal (putatively minor) caesura varies significantly across meters. We argue that this varying strictness is indeed a function of the meter as opposed to position in the verse, verse length, idiosyncrasies of certain texts, and so forth. We then use a systematic prose comparison method to test the meters for bridges, finding evidence for monosyllable avoidance in (certain) colon-final positions, despite an overall preference for monosyllables in verse vis-à-vis prose. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91723331"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723331/The_Evolution_of_Prosodic_Morphology_Vedic_long_reduplicated_perfects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Evolution of Prosodic Morphology: Vedic long reduplicated perfects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94928597/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723331/The_Evolution_of_Prosodic_Morphology_Vedic_long_reduplicated_perfects">The Evolution of Prosodic Morphology: Vedic long reduplicated perfects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>indology.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A number of synchronic studies of prosodic morphology have analyzed the rich array of reduplicati...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A number of synchronic studies of prosodic morphology have analyzed the rich array of reduplication patterns in Sanskrit. The present study focuses on the history of one of these, the Vedic perfects with a long reduplication vowel, such as v¯avr.dúr (RV 2,20,4). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91723318"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723318/First_Person_Singular_of_the_Athematic_Middle_Optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of First Person Singular of the Athematic Middle Optative in Vedic and Indo-Iranian" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91723318/First_Person_Singular_of_the_Athematic_Middle_Optative_in_Vedic_and_Indo_Iranian">First Person Singular of the Athematic Middle Optative in Vedic and Indo-Iranian</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the American Oriental Society</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥ gveda, there is strong me...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In the first person singular of the athematic middle optative in the R̥ gveda, there is strong metrical evidence that the poets knew and used forms in *-iy-a along- side the morphologically regular forms in -īy-a. I argue that the forms in *-iy-a are older and developed from PIE *-ih1-h2e by regular sound change, whereas the younger ones in -īy-a result from morphological regularization (analogy). 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