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class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary MuiButton-sizeMedium MuiButton-outlinedSizeMedium MuiButton-colorPrimary MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary MuiButton-sizeMedium MuiButton-outlinedSizeMedium MuiButton-colorPrimary tss-mzyuet-iconOnly-actionButton mui-1tzevrc" tabindex="0" type="button" data-testid="cite-list-57577446" aria-label="Cite list The ancient Maya"><span class="MuiButton-icon MuiButton-startIcon MuiButton-iconSizeMedium mui-6xugel"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeMedium mui-14yq2cq" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="FormatQuoteOpenIcon"><path d="M10,7L8,11H11V17H5V11L7,7H10M18,7L16,11H19V17H13V11L15,7H18Z"></path></svg></span></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined MuiButton-outlinedPrimary MuiButton-sizeMedium MuiButton-outlinedSizeMedium MuiButton-colorPrimary MuiButton-root MuiButton-outlined 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Sharer</a></span><span>, <a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways tss-1cxpzkn-root mui-3nwq8n" rel="noreferrer nofollow noopener" data-testid="author-57577446-1" href="/search?q=au=%22Traxler%2C%20Loa%20P.%22">Loa P. Traxler</a></span></span></span></div></div><div class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body2 mui-ar2wnm"><div class="MuiBox-root mui-164r41r"><div class="tss-1073cfa-lineClamp MuiBox-root mui-0"><span class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="summary-57577446" class="tss-vw3yg-label" style="font-weight:bold">Summary:</label><span aria-labelledby="summary-57577446">Of Archaic and Early Preclassic developments -- Patterns in the evolution of Mesoamerican civilization -- 5. The emergence of Maya civilization in the Middle Preclassic -- The emergence of complex societies -- Markers of complex societies -- The Pacific plain in the Middle Preclassic -- Middle Preclassic commodities and monuments -- The highlands in the Middle Preclassic -- The lowlands in the Middle Preclassic -- Middle Preclassic communities -- The rise of complex society in the lowlands -- Further Middle Preclassic developments in the lowlands -- Summary : the Middle Preclassic precursors of Maya civilization -- 6. The origins of Maya states in the Late Preclassic -- Late Preclassic Maya civilization and writing traditions-- The Late Preclassic Isthmian tradition -- The Late Preclassic Southern Maya -- Highland-lowland interaction in the Preclassic -- The Maya lowlands in the Late Preclassic -- Patterns of Late Preclassic rulership -- Preclassic developments in the Northern lowlands -- Late Preclassic lowland Maya civilization -- Decline in the terminal Preclassic -- Summary : reconstructing the Maya Preclassic -- 7. The expansion of Maya states in the Early Classic -- The Early Classic and the origins of Maya civilization -- The Southern Maya area in the Classic Period -- The Classic transition in the lowlands -- The expansion of states in the Maya lowlands -- Competition and warfare in the Classic lowlands -- The Early Classic in the Maya lowlands -- The rise of Tikal in the Early Classic (ca. 100-378) -- Neighboring centers in the central lowlands (ca. 328-416)</span></span></div></div></div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-164r41r"><span style="margin:auto"> <span class="tss-14id4vs-container MuiBox-root mui-0" data-testid="format-57577446" id="format-57577446"><svg class="MuiSvgIcon-root MuiSvgIcon-colorPrimary MuiSvgIcon-fontSizeSmall tss-17b4smw-icon mui-pdwv78" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-testid="icon-57577446"><path d="M6,4H11V12L8.5,10.5L6,12M18,2H6A2,2 0 0,0 4,4V20A2,2 0 0,0 6,22H18A2,2 0 0,0 20,20V4A2,2 0 0,0 18,2Z"></path></svg>Print Book</span>,  <span>English</span>,  2006</span><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="edition-57577446" class="tss-vw3yg-label" style="font-weight:bold">Edition:</label><span aria-labelledby="edition-57577446">6th ed <a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways tss-1cxpzkn-root mui-3nwq8n" rel="noreferrer nofollow noopener" data-testid="view-all-formats-editions-link" aria-label="View all Formats and Editions for The ancient Maya" href="/formats-editions/57577446">View all formats and editions</a></span></div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="publisher-57577446" class="tss-vw3yg-label" style="font-weight:bold">Publisher:</label><span aria-labelledby="publisher-57577446"><span style="margin:auto" data-testid="publisher-57577446"> Stanford University Press,  Stanford, Calif.,  2006</span></span></div></div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-1yuhvjn"><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><div class="tss-385hj7-alternating MuiBox-root mui-0"><div class="tss-238zf2-wrapperTable MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="description-57577446" class="tss-i4ryib-labelTable" style="font-weight:bold">Physical Description:</label><span aria-labelledby="description-57577446">xxxiv, 931 pages : illustrations, maps ; 25 cm</span></div><div class="tss-238zf2-wrapperTable MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="isbn-57577446" class="tss-i4ryib-labelTable" style="font-weight:bold">ISBN:</label><span aria-labelledby="isbn-57577446"><div class="tss-1wcsiv4-lineClamp MuiBox-root mui-0"><span style="margin:auto"> 9780804748162,  9780804748179,  0804748160,  0804748179</span></div></span></div><div class="tss-238zf2-wrapperTable MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="oclcnumber-57577446" class="tss-i4ryib-labelTable" style="font-weight:bold">OCLC Number / Unique Identifier:</label><span aria-labelledby="oclcnumber-57577446">57577446</span></div><div class="tss-238zf2-wrapperTable MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="subject-57577446" class="tss-i4ryib-labelTable" 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Zeit</a></div></div></span></div><div class="tss-238zf2-wrapperTable MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="additionalPhysicalFormEntries-57577446" class="tss-i4ryib-labelTable" style="font-weight:bold">Additional Physical Form Entry:</label><span aria-labelledby="additionalPhysicalFormEntries-57577446"><div class="tss-r23rqd-lineClamp MuiBox-root mui-0"><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Online version:</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways tss-1cxpzkn-root mui-3nwq8n" rel="noreferrer nofollow noopener" href="/search?q=ti=Ancient%20Maya.">Ancient Maya.</a></div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways tss-1cxpzkn-root mui-3nwq8n" rel="noreferrer nofollow noopener" href="/search?q=au=Sharer,%20Robert%20J.">Sharer, Robert J.</a></div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways tss-1cxpzkn-root mui-3nwq8n" rel="noreferrer nofollow noopener" href="/search?q=no:607567980">607567980</a></div></div></span></div><div class="tss-238zf2-wrapperTable MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="contents-57577446" class="tss-i4ryib-labelTable" style="font-weight:bold">Contents:</label><span aria-labelledby="contents-57577446"><div class="tss-r23rqd-lineClamp MuiBox-root mui-0"><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Introduction</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Discovery and conquest by Europeans</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The fate of the Maya heritage</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The meaning of Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Foreign domination and rebirth of the Maya heritage</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The destruction of the Maya heritage</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">1. The setting of Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Natural and cultural subdivisions of the Maya Area</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Pacific Coastal plain</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The highlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The consequences of ecological diversity</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">2. Archaeology and Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Reconstructing the past</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Changing perspectives on the Maya past</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Models of past societies</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Development of complex society and civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The evolution of civilizations</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Understanding the evolution of Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Maya economy</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Maya social and political systems</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Maya ideology and religion</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The ancient Maya world</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Elite and nonelite views of the ancient Maya</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Chronology</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">3. History and Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Time and Maya history</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Numerals</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The calendar</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Measuring the cycles of time</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Recording the cycles of time</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Sources of Maya history</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Maya chronicles</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Ancient writing systems</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Pre-Columbian Maya texts</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Ancient Maya writing</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Milestones in decipherment</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Contributions to understanding the ancient Maya</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">History and Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">4. The origins of Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The chronology of pre-Columbian development</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Archaic : origins of highland and coastal cultural traditions</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Early Preclassic : agriculture, warfare, and evidence of complex society</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Preclassic developments on the Gulf Coast of Mexico</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Preclassic developments in highland Mexico. Summary of Archaic and Early Preclassic developments</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Patterns in the evolution of Mesoamerican civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">5. The emergence of Maya civilization in the Middle Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The emergence of complex societies</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Markers of complex societies</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Pacific plain in the Middle Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Middle Preclassic commodities and monuments</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The highlands in the Middle Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The lowlands in the Middle Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Middle Preclassic communities</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The rise of complex society in the lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Further Middle Preclassic developments in the lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Summary : the Middle Preclassic precursors of Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">6. The origins of Maya states in the Late Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Late Preclassic Maya civilization and writing traditions</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Late Preclassic Isthmian tradition</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Late Preclassic Southern Maya</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Highland-lowland interaction in the Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Maya lowlands in the Late Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Patterns of Late Preclassic rulership</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Preclassic developments in the Northern lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Late Preclassic lowland Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Decline in the terminal Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Summary : reconstructing the Maya Preclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">7. The expansion of Maya states in the Early Classic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Early Classic and the origins of Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Southern Maya area in the Classic Period</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Classic transition in the lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The expansion of states in the Maya lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Competition and warfare in the Classic lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Early Classic in the Maya lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The rise of Tikal in the Early Classic (ca. 100-378)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Neighboring centers in the central lowlands (ca. 328-416). Strangers in the lowlands (378-456)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Expansion into the Southeastern area (406-37)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Archaeology, history, and Copan's Dynastic founding (ca. 400-470)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The founder of Quirigua</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The rise of the Calakmul Dynasty (435-561)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Calakmul-Caracol alliance</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Prosperity and problems at Tikal (458-562)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The defeat of Tikal (562)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Summary : the Early Classic states of the Maya lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">8. The Apogee of Maya states in the Late Classic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Ascendancy of Calakmul (562-695)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The resurgence of Tikal (682-768)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Rise and fall of the Petexbatun Kingdom (682-802)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The end of the Calakmul Dynasty (695-909)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Recovery and decline at Caracol (798-859)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The end of the Tikal Dynasty (768-869)</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Expansion of the Usumacinta polities</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Expansion of the Western polities</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Expansion of the Southeastern polities</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Summary : development of states in the Late Classic lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">9. Transformations in the Terminal Classic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Decline in the Classic heartland</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The downfall of Classic Maya states</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Explanations for the end of Maya states</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">A scenario for the downfall of Classic Maya states</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Survival and revival of Classic enclaves</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Transformation in the Terminal Classic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The transitional regional traditions</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The rise of the Northern lowland polities</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Polities in Northwestern Yucatan</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Polities in Northeastern Yucatan</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The rise of Chichen Itza</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Itza economy</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Itza state</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The cult of K'uk'ulkan</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Changes in the Southern Maya area</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Summary: culmination and transition in the Terminal Classic. 10. Reformulation and revival in the Postclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The downfall of Chichen Itza</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The rise of Mayapan</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Mayapan state</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The fall of Mayapan and the rise of petty states</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The East Coast of Yucatan</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Revival of fortunes in the Central lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The Southern Maya area in the Postclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Summary : reformulation and revival in the Postclassic</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Overview : changing perspectives on Maya civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">11. The ancient Maya economy</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The political economy</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The social economy</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Mobilization of labor</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Ancient Maya subsistence</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Reconstructing the patterns of subsistence</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Production of goods</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Distribution of goods</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The importance of trade</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Spatial and temporal patterns of long-distance trade</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">12. The organization of Maya society</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Reconstructing the social landscape</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Maya society in the Pre-Columbian ea</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Marriage and the family</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Ancient Maya households</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Settlement in the Maya lowlands</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Social stratification</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Residential and descent groups</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Residential groups and the house model. Reconstructing the political landscape</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Diving kings and the hierarchy of power</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Maya polities</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Cycles of growth and decline</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">State organizational models</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The basis of political power</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">13. Maya ideology and religion</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Maya world view</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Origins of Maya ideology</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Transformations by outsiders</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Cosmology</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Maya deities</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Rituals and ceremonies</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Royal rituals of the Classic Period</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Ritual of the Postclassic and Conquest Periods</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The ideological foundations of Maya Civilization</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Epilogue. The conquest of the Maya</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">First contacts, 1502-25</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The period of conquest, 1524-1697</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The subjugation of the Southern Maya by Pedro de Alvarado, 1524-27</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The subjugation of Yucatan by the Montejos, 1527-46</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The independent Itza, 1525-1696</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">The subjugation of the Itza, 1696-97</div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0">Appendix. Dates for K'atun and Half-K'atun endings</div></div></span></div><div class="tss-238zf2-wrapperTable MuiBox-root mui-0"><label id="digitalAccessAndLocations-57577446" class="tss-i4ryib-labelTable" style="font-weight:bold">More Information:</label><span aria-labelledby="digitalAccessAndLocations-57577446"><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><span class="tss-111vuzz-breakWord"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways tss-1cxpzkn-root mui-3nwq8n" rel="noreferrer nofollow noopener" href="http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0710/2005003043-d.html" target="_blank">Publisher description</a></span></div><div class="MuiBox-root mui-0"><span class="tss-111vuzz-breakWord"><a class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-inherit MuiLink-root MuiLink-underlineAlways tss-1cxpzkn-root mui-3nwq8n" rel="noreferrer nofollow noopener" href="http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0710/2005003043-b.html" target="_blank">Contributor biographical 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Sharer","generalFormat":"Book","specificFormat":"PrintBook","edition":"6th ed","totalEditions":68,"publisher":"Stanford University Press","publisherName":{"text":"Stanford University Press"},"publicationPlace":"Stanford, Calif.","publicationDate":"2006","machineReadableDate":"2006","catalogingLanguage":"eng","summary":"Of Archaic and Early Preclassic developments -- Patterns in the evolution of Mesoamerican civilization -- 5. The emergence of Maya civilization in the Middle Preclassic -- The emergence of complex societies -- Markers of complex societies -- The Pacific plain in the Middle Preclassic -- Middle Preclassic commodities and monuments -- The highlands in the Middle Preclassic -- The lowlands in the Middle Preclassic -- Middle Preclassic communities -- The rise of complex society in the lowlands -- Further Middle Preclassic developments in the lowlands -- Summary : the Middle Preclassic precursors of Maya civilization -- 6. The origins of Maya states in the Late Preclassic -- Late Preclassic Maya civilization and writing traditions-- The Late Preclassic Isthmian tradition -- The Late Preclassic Southern Maya -- Highland-lowland interaction in the Preclassic -- The Maya lowlands in the Late Preclassic -- Patterns of Late Preclassic rulership -- Preclassic developments in the Northern lowlands -- Late Preclassic lowland Maya civilization -- Decline in the terminal Preclassic -- Summary : reconstructing the Maya Preclassic -- 7. The expansion of Maya states in the Early Classic -- The Early Classic and the origins of Maya civilization -- The Southern Maya area in the Classic Period -- The Classic transition in the lowlands -- The expansion of states in the Maya lowlands -- Competition and warfare in the Classic lowlands -- The Early Classic in the Maya lowlands -- The rise of Tikal in the Early Classic (ca. 100-378) -- Neighboring centers in the central lowlands (ca. 328-416)","physicalDescription":"xxxiv, 931 pages : illustrations, maps ; 25 cm","series":null,"seriesVolumes":null,"castNotes":null,"languageNotes":null,"subjectsText":["Amérique centrale","Amérique centrale - Antiquités","Amérique centrale Antiquités","Antiquities","Central America","Central America Antiquities","Maya","Mayan (language family)","Mayas","Mayas Antiquités","Mayas Antiquities","Mexico","Mexico Antiquities","Mexique Antiquités","Präkolumbische Zeit"],"cartographicData":null,"dissertationInfo":null,"performerNotes":null,"genre":null,"numericDesignation":null,"audience":null,"generalNotes":null,"creditNotes":null,"contentNotes":{"text":["Introduction","Discovery and conquest by Europeans","The fate of the Maya heritage","The meaning of Maya civilization","Foreign domination and rebirth of the Maya heritage","The destruction of the Maya heritage","1. The setting of Maya civilization","Natural and cultural subdivisions of the Maya Area","The Pacific Coastal plain","The highlands","The lowlands","The consequences of ecological diversity","2. Archaeology and Maya civilization","Reconstructing the past","Changing perspectives on the Maya past","Models of past societies","Development of complex society and civilization","The evolution of civilizations","Understanding the evolution of Maya civilization","The Maya economy","Maya social and political systems","Maya ideology and religion","The ancient Maya world","Elite and nonelite views of the ancient Maya","Chronology","3. History and Maya civilization","Time and Maya history","Numerals","The calendar","Measuring the cycles of time","Recording the cycles of time","Sources of Maya history","The Maya chronicles","Ancient writing systems","Pre-Columbian Maya texts","Ancient Maya writing","Milestones in decipherment","Contributions to understanding the ancient Maya","History and Maya civilization","4. The origins of Maya civilization","The chronology of pre-Columbian development","The Archaic : origins of highland and coastal cultural traditions","The Early Preclassic : agriculture, warfare, and evidence of complex society","Preclassic developments on the Gulf Coast of Mexico","Preclassic developments in highland Mexico. Summary of Archaic and Early Preclassic developments","Patterns in the evolution of Mesoamerican civilization","5. The emergence of Maya civilization in the Middle Preclassic","The emergence of complex societies","Markers of complex societies","The Pacific plain in the Middle Preclassic","Middle Preclassic commodities and monuments","The highlands in the Middle Preclassic","The lowlands in the Middle Preclassic","Middle Preclassic communities","The rise of complex society in the lowlands","Further Middle Preclassic developments in the lowlands","Summary : the Middle Preclassic precursors of Maya civilization","6. The origins of Maya states in the Late Preclassic","Late Preclassic Maya civilization and writing traditions","The Late Preclassic Isthmian tradition","The Late Preclassic Southern Maya","Highland-lowland interaction in the Preclassic","The Maya lowlands in the Late Preclassic","Patterns of Late Preclassic rulership","Preclassic developments in the Northern lowlands","Late Preclassic lowland Maya civilization","Decline in the terminal Preclassic","Summary : reconstructing the Maya Preclassic","7. The expansion of Maya states in the Early Classic","The Early Classic and the origins of Maya civilization","The Southern Maya area in the Classic Period","The Classic transition in the lowlands","The expansion of states in the Maya lowlands","Competition and warfare in the Classic lowlands","The Early Classic in the Maya lowlands","The rise of Tikal in the Early Classic (ca. 100-378)","Neighboring centers in the central lowlands (ca. 328-416). Strangers in the lowlands (378-456)","Expansion into the Southeastern area (406-37)","Archaeology, history, and Copan's Dynastic founding (ca. 400-470)","The founder of Quirigua","The rise of the Calakmul Dynasty (435-561)","The Calakmul-Caracol alliance","Prosperity and problems at Tikal (458-562)","The defeat of Tikal (562)","Summary : the Early Classic states of the Maya lowlands","8. The Apogee of Maya states in the Late Classic","Ascendancy of Calakmul (562-695)","The resurgence of Tikal (682-768)","Rise and fall of the Petexbatun Kingdom (682-802)","The end of the Calakmul Dynasty (695-909)","Recovery and decline at Caracol (798-859)","The end of the Tikal Dynasty (768-869)","Expansion of the Usumacinta polities","Expansion of the Western polities","Expansion of the Southeastern polities","Summary : development of states in the Late Classic lowlands","9. Transformations in the Terminal Classic","Decline in the Classic heartland","The downfall of Classic Maya states","Explanations for the end of Maya states","A scenario for the downfall of Classic Maya states","Survival and revival of Classic enclaves","Transformation in the Terminal Classic","The transitional regional traditions","The rise of the Northern lowland polities","Polities in Northwestern Yucatan","Polities in Northeastern Yucatan","The rise of Chichen Itza","The Itza economy","The Itza state","The cult of K'uk'ulkan","Changes in the Southern Maya area","Summary: culmination and transition in the Terminal Classic. 10. Reformulation and revival in the Postclassic","The downfall of Chichen Itza","The rise of Mayapan","The Mayapan state","The fall of Mayapan and the rise of petty states","The East Coast of Yucatan","Revival of fortunes in the Central lowlands","The Southern Maya area in the Postclassic","Summary : reformulation and revival in the Postclassic","Overview : changing perspectives on Maya civilization","11. The ancient Maya economy","The political economy","The social economy","Mobilization of labor","Ancient Maya subsistence","Reconstructing the patterns of subsistence","Production of goods","Distribution of goods","The importance of trade","Spatial and temporal patterns of long-distance trade","12. The organization of Maya society","Reconstructing the social landscape","Maya society in the Pre-Columbian ea","Marriage and the family","Ancient Maya households","Settlement in the Maya lowlands","Social stratification","Residential and descent groups","Residential groups and the house model. Reconstructing the political landscape","Diving kings and the hierarchy of power","Maya polities","Cycles of growth and decline","State organizational models","The basis of political power","13. Maya ideology and religion","Maya world view","Origins of Maya ideology","Transformations by outsiders","Cosmology","Maya deities","Rituals and ceremonies","Royal rituals of the Classic Period","Ritual of the Postclassic and Conquest Periods","The ideological foundations of Maya Civilization","Epilogue. The conquest of the Maya","First contacts, 1502-25","The period of conquest, 1524-1697","The subjugation of the Southern Maya by Pedro de Alvarado, 1524-27","The subjugation of Yucatan by the Montejos, 1527-46","The independent Itza, 1525-1696","The subjugation of the Itza, 1696-97","Appendix. Dates for K'atun and Half-K'atun endings"]},"reproductionNotes":null,"eventNotes":null,"doi":null,"peerReviewed":false,"mediumOfPerformance":null,"issns":null,"additionalPhysicalFormEntries":[{"displayConstant":"Online version:","titles":["Ancient Maya."],"recordControlOclcNumbers":["607567980"],"mainEntryHeadings":["Sharer, Robert J."]},{"displayConstant":"Online version:","titles":["Ancient Maya."],"recordControlOclcNumbers":["607826153"],"mainEntryHeadings":["Sharer, Robert J."]}],"digitalAccessAndLocations":[{"uri":"http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0710/2005003043-d.html","materialSpecified":"Publisher description"},{"uri":"http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0710/2005003043-b.html","materialSpecified":"Contributor biographical information"},{"uri":"http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip057/2005003043.html","materialSpecified":"Table of contents"}],"digitalObjectInfo":null,"abstract":null,"evaluativeContent":"Contents Preface\t\txxxx A Note on Names, Pronunciations, and Conventions\t\txxxx Introduction\t1 Discovery and Conquest by Europeans The Fate of the Maya Heritage The Meaning of Maya Civilization Foreign Domination and Rebirth of the Maya Heritage The Destruction of the Maya Heritage Bibliographic Summary 1. The Setting of Maya Civilization Natural and Cultural Subdivisions of the Maya Area The Pacific Coastal Plain The Highlands \tThe Southern Maya Highlands \tThe Northern Maya Highlands The Lowlands \tThe Southern Lowlands \tThe Central Lowlands \tThe Northern Lowlands The Consequences of Ecological Diversity Sidebars : Origin of Mayan Languages, The Original Maya Homeland, Cacao, Stone Tools, Jade, Feathers, Eccentric Flints, Textiles. Bibliographic Summary 2. Archaeology and Maya Civilization Reconstructing the Past Changing Perspectives on the Maya Past \tEtic and Emic Views of the Past \tPerspective and Goals of this Book \tBasic Concepts Models of Past Societies Development of Complex Society and Civilization The Evolution of Civilization Understanding the Evolution of Maya Civilization The Maya Economy \tSubsistence and Population Growth \tSpecialization and Trade \tEconomic Distinctions Social and Political Systems \tSocial Stratification \tPolities and Kings \tCompetition and Warfare Maya Ideology and Religion The Ancient Maya World Elite and Non-elite Views of the Ancient Maya Chronology Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Pottery and Archaeology, Maya Archaeological Projects (Copan, Chichen Itza, Uaxactun, Tikal, Mayapan, Barton Ramie). Chapter 3: History and Maya Civilization Time and Maya History Arithmetic The Calendar \tThe Almanac of 260 Days \tThe Haab of 365 Days \tThe Calendar Round of 52 Years \tThe Long Count \tDistance Numbers \tPeriod-Ending Dates and Count of the K'atuns Measuring the Cycles of Time \tThe Sun and Moon \tVenus \tOther Planets, the Stars and the Constellations Recording the Cycles of Time Sources of Maya History The Maya Chronicles Ancient Writing Systems PreColumbian Maya Texts \tThe Maya Codices \tThe Maya Inscriptions \tThe Language of the Classic Maya texts Ancient Maya Writing \tThe Discovery of Maya History \tThe Discovery of Phoneticism in Maya Writing Milestones in Decipherment Contributions to Understanding the Ancient Maya History and Maya Civilization Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Year Bearers, Correlation of the Maya Calendar, Mayan Dictionaries and Literature, The Structure of Mayan Languages, Classic Maya Texts, Pioneers of Decipherment. Chapter 4: The Origins of Maya Civilization The Chronology of Pre-Columbian Development The Archaic: Origins of Highland and Coastal Cultural Traditions The Early Preclassic: Agriculture, Warfare, and Evidence of Complex Society Preclassic Developments on the Gulf Coast of Mexico Preclassic Developments in Highland Mexico Summary of Archaic and Early Preclassic Developments Patterns in the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Early Preclassic Maya Pottery, Monumental Architecture, Origins of Carved Monuments. Chapter 5: The Emergence of Civilization in the Middle Preclassic The Emergence of Complex Societies Markers of Complex Societies The Pacific Plain in the Middle Preclassic Middle Preclassic Commodities and Monuments The Highlands in the Middle Preclassic The Lowlands in the Middle Preclassic Middle Preclassic Communities The Rise of Complex Society in the Lowlands Further Middle Preclassic Developments in the Lowlands Summary: The Middle Preclassic Precursors of Maya Civilization Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Mirrors and Mosaics, Middle Preclassic Maya Pottery, Maya Monuments and Sculpture; La Blanca, Chalchuapa, Kaminaljuyu, Salama Valley, Cuello, K'axob, Nakbe, Ball Courts, Masonry Architecture Chapter 6: The Origins of Maya States in the Late Preclassic Late Preclassic Civilization and Writing Traditions The Late Preclassic Isthmian Tradition The Late Preclassic Southern Maya \tSouthern Maya Pottery and Monument Traditions \tLate Preclassic Rulers in the Southern Maya Area \tLate Preclassic Civilization in the Southern Maya Area Highland-Lowland Interaction in the Preclassic The Maya Lowlands in the Late Preclassic \tRegional Hegemony in the Central Lowlands \tLate Preclassic Rulers in the Maya Lowlands Patterns of Late Preclassic Rulership Preclassic Developments in the Northern Lowlands Late Preclassic Lowland Maya Civilization Decline in the Terminal Preclassic Summary: Reconstructing the Maya Preclassic Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Izapa, El Ujuxte, Abaj Takalik, Late Preclassic Maya Pottery, El Mirador, San Bartolo, Cerros, Komchen. Chapter 7: The Expansion of Maya States in the Early Classic The Early Classic and the Origins of Maya Civilization The Southern Maya Area in the Classic Period \tEarly Classic Changes on the Pacific Coast \tEarly Classic Changes in the Highlands \tTeotihuacan and the Maya \tThe End of Teotihuacan Contacts in the Southern Maya Area The Classic Transition in the Lowlands The Expansion of States in the Maya Lowlands \tDivine Kings and Royal Houses \tTitles and Emblems of Royal Power Competition and Warfare in the Classic Lowlands The Early Classic in the Maya Lowlands The Rise of Tikal in the Early Classic (ca. 100-378) Neighboring Centers in the Central Lowlands (ca. 328-416) Strangers in the Lowlands (378-456) Expansion into the Southeastern Area (406-437) Archaeology, History, and Copan's Dynastic Founding (ca. 400-470) The Founder of Quirigua The Rise of the Calakmul Dynasty (435-561) The Calakmul-Caracol Alliance Prosperity and Problems at Tikal (458-562) The Defeat of Tikal (562) Summary: The Early Classic States of the Maya Lowlands Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Early Classic Maya Pottery, Tikal, Uaxactun, Rio Azul, Copan, Quirigua, Calakmul, Caracol, Becan, Nakum, Yaxha. Chapter 8: The Apogee of Maya States in the Late Classic Ascendancy of Calakmul (562-695) \tConfrontation in the Petexbatun \tThe Naranjo Wars The Resurgence of Tikal (682-768) \tDefeat of Calakmul (695) \tBreaking of the Calakmul Alliance Rise and Fall of the Petexbatun Kingdom (682-802)\t The End of the Calakmul Dynasty (695-909) Recovery and Decline at Caracol (798-859) The End of the Tikal Dynasty (768-869) Expansion of the Usumacinta Polities \tBirth and Rebirth of the Piedras Negras Dynasty \tHistory and Propaganda at Yaxchilan Expansion of the Western Polities \tOrigins of the Palenque Dynasty \tApogee and Defeat at Palenque \tRecovery and Decline at Palenque \tLate Classic Apogee at Tonina Expansion of the Southeastern Polities \tGrowth and Prosperity at Copan \tA Tale of Two Cities \tRevitalization and Decline at Copan \tThe Last Days of Quirigua Summary: Development of States in the Late Classic Lowlands Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Late Classic Maya Pottery, Naranjo, Dos Pilas, Aguateca, Altar De Sacrificios, Piedras Negras, Yaxchilan, Bonampak, Palenque, Tonina, Cities Without History. Chapter 9: Transformations in the Terminal Classic Decline in the Classic Heartland \tPatterns of Change \tThe Collapse Issue The Collapse of Classic Maya States\t Explanations for the Collapse \tTheories Emphasizing Catastrophic Events \tTheories Emphasizing Problems within Maya Society \tTheories Emphasizing Foreign Intervention \tTheories Emphasizing Environmental Changes A Scenario for the Collapse of the Classic Maya States \tOverpopulation \tWarfare \tDrought \tThe Breakup of Classic Polities \tAbandonment and Migration Survival and Revival of Classic Enclaves Transformation in the Terminal Classic \tThe Fate of Divine Kings \tThe New Lowland Economy \tThe New Power Brokers The Transitional Regional Traditions The Rise of the Northern Lowland Polities Polities in Northwestern Yucatan \tThe Puuc Region \tSalt production and Trade Polities in Northeastern Yucatan The Rise of Chichen Itza The Itza Economy The Itza State The Cult of K'uk'ulkan Changes in the Southern Maya Area Summary: Culmination and Transition in the Terminal Classic Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Terminal Classic Maya Pottery, Xunantunich, Seibal, Uxmal, Sayil, Kabah, Dzibilchaltun, Coba, Chichen Itza, Metalwork. Chapter 10: Reformulation and Revival in the Postclassic The Downfall of Chichen Itza The Rise of Mayapan The Mayapan State The Fall of Mayapan and the Rise of Petty States The East Coast of Yucatan Revival of Fortunes in the Central Lowlands The Southern Maya Area in the Postclassic Summary: Reformulation and Revival in the Postclassic Overview: Changing Perspectives on Maya Civilization Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Postclassic Maya Pottery, Mayapan, Tulum, Santa Rita Corozal, The Mythical City of Tollan. Chapter 11: The Ancient Maya Economy The Political Economy The Social Economy Mobilization of Labor Ancient Maya Subsistence \tHunting and Gathering \tAnimal Husbandry \tExtensive Agriculture \tIntensive Agriculture Reconstructing the Patterns of Subsistence Production of Goods Distribution of Goods The Importance of Trade Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Long-Distance Trade Bibliographic Summary Sidebar: The Swidden Hypothesis; Colha. Chapter 12: The Organization of Maya Society Reconstructing The Social Landscape Maya Society in the Pre-Columbian Era \tPersonal Appearance \tBirth and Early Childhood \tPuberty \tLife and Death Marriage and the Family Ancient Maya Households Settlement in the Maya Lowlands \tChronological Control \tPopulation Reconstructions Social Stratification Residential and Descent Groups Residential Groups and the House Model Reconstructing The Political Landscape Divine Kings and the Hierarchy of Power Hierarchy within Polities Hierarchy among Polities Maya Polities \tLocation and Power \tSize and Power \tNumber and Size of Polities Cycles of Growth and Decline State Organizational Models The Basis of Political Power Bibliographic Summary Sidebars: Ceren, Maya Society In Postclassic Yucatan, Maya Society in the Postclassic Highlands. Chapter 13: Maya Ideology and Religion Maya World View Origins of Maya Ideology Transformations by Outsiders Cosmology \tCreation Myths \tThe Maya Universe \tAfterlife and Ancestors Maya Deities Rituals and Ceremonies Royal Rituals of the Classic Period Rituals of the Postclassic and Conquest Periods \tDivination and Altered Consciousness \tHuman Sacrifice \tThe Thirteen K'atun Endings \tOther Calendrical Ceremonies The Ideological Foundations of Maya civilization Bibliographic Summary Epilogue: The Conquest of the Maya Appendix: Dates For K'atun and Half-K'atun Endings Reference Material Bibliography Illustration Credits Index Tables Table 2.1\tChiefdoms and States Table 2.2\tPre-Columbian Chronological Periods in the Maya Area Table 3.1\tYucatec Mayan Sounds and Transcriptions Table 3.2\tNames of Maya Rulers Table 7.1\tDynastic Chronology of Tikal Table 7.2\tDynastic Chronology of Copan Table 7.3\tDynastic Chronology of Calakmul Table 7.4\tDynastic Chronology of Caracol Table 8.1\tDynastic Chronology of Naranjo Table 8.2\tDynastic Chronology of Dos Pilas Table 8.3\tDynastic Chronology of Piedras Negras Table 8.4\tDynastic Chronology of Yaxchilan Table 8.5\tDynastic Chronology of Palenque Table 8.6\tDynastic Chronology of Tonina Table 8.7\tDynastic Chronology of Quirigua Table 10.1\tDynastic History of the Postclassic K'iche Maya Table 11.1\tCommon Wild Animal Resources Table 11.2\tCommon Plant Cultigens Table 11.3\tProduction and Distribution in the Ancient Maya Economy Table 11.4\tDistribution Modes in the Maya Economy (Lowlands) Table 11.5\tPrincipal Trade Goods from the Maya Area Table 11.6\tGoods Traded to or through the Maya Area Table 12.1\tDensity of Structures (Selected Lowland Sites) Table 12.2\tLate Classic Density of Structures (Selected Lowland Sites and Rural Areas) Table 12.3\tPopulation Estimates (Selected Lowland Sites and Rural Areas) Table 12.4\tRelative Population Size as Percentage of Maximum Population Estimates at Selected Lowland Sites Table 12.5\tRelative Population Size as Percentage of Maximum Population Estimates at Selected Rural Areas Table E.1\tSummary of Events of the Spanish Conquest Period Table A.1\tCorrelation of Maya and Gregorian Chronologies Figures Frontispiece: Copan Maize god Introduction In.1.\tThe principal buildings of Tikal, Guatemala In.2\tTemple IV, the tallest structure at Tikal In.3\tArchaeologists excavating at Tikal and at Tancah \t(above) Trik \u0026 Rainey in Tikal Temple II \t(below) Miller \u0026 Stuart at Tancah In.4\tWeaving with the back-strap loom, Huehuetenango In.5\tModern market at Chichicastenango, El Quiche In.6\tPortraits of Lacandon Maya from Chiapas, Mexico In.7\tPortraits of Yucatec Maya from Quintana Roo In.8\tPortraits of Yucatec, Quiche, and Mam Maya \t(top four) Yucatec \u0026 Quiche portraits \t(lower left) San Pedro portrait In.9\tPortraits of Tzotzil Maya from Chiapas In.10\tMaya teachers in the classroom In.11\tDestruction wrought by looting at Naachtun, Guatemala In.12\tDesecration of Stela 1 at Jimbal, Guatemala, by looters Chapter 1 The Setting 1.1\tMap of the Maya Area 1.2\tMap of Mayan languages 1.3\tSubgrouping of Mayan languages 1.4\tMap of surface elevations in the Maya Area 1.5\tMap of Mean annual temperatures in Maya Area 1.6\tMap of Mean annual rainfall in the Maya area 1.7\tPacific Coast mangrove growth 1.8\tSouthern Highlands: Agua volcano 1.9\tSouthern Highlands: house buried by volcanic ash 1.10\tNorthern Highlands: view of the Salam Valley 1.11\tSouthern lowlands: forest \u0026 Usumacinta river 1.12\tCentral lowlands: tropical forest 1.13\tCentral lowlands: Lake Peten Itza 1.14\tCentral lowlands: savanna 1.15\tNorthern lowlands: low forest 1.16\tNorthern lowlands: low hills 1.17\tNorthern lowlands: cenote Chapter 2 Archaeology and Maya Civilization 2.1\tAnalysis of Maya pottery (NAA chart from Copan) 2.2\tDrawing of Jaguar Throne at Palenque from del Rio 1822 2.3\tAlfred Maudslay's research at Copan 2.4\tTikal Project multidisciplinary research supplied by aircraft 2.5\tContemporary archaeological excavations Chapter 3 History and Maya Civilization 3.1\tGlyphs for completion (\"zero\") and numbers 3.2\tExamples of positional mathematics 3.3\tGlyphs for the Maya time periods 3.4\tGlyphs for the Maya days 3.5\tGlyphs for the Maya months 3.6\tDiagram of the 260-day almanac \u0026 solar year 3.7\tThe Mesoamerican 52-year period 3.8\tExample of a Maya Long Count date 3.9\tMaya Period-ending date 3.10\tK'atun wheel after Landa 3.11\tAstronomical alignment at Copan, Honduras 3.12\tAstronomical observations from the Mexican codices 3.13\tRecording Maya history (codex and scribe) 3.14\tMaya \"zodiac\" from the Paris Codex 3.15\tAlmanacs from the Madrid Codex 3.16\tMaya Glyphs with historical meaning 3.17\tEmblem glyph affixes and main signs 3.18\tTitle glyphs for elite women 3.19\tThe Landa \"alphabet\" 3.20\tA syllabary of Maya phonetic glyphs 3.21\tSyllabic spellings and complements 3.22\tGlyphs for way (\"spirit companion\") 3.23\tPostclassic direction and Color glyphs 3.24\tTitle glyphs for Maya rulers and secondary lords 3.25\tTranslation by Simon Martin of Seibal Stela 10 text Chapter 4 The Origins of Maya Civilization 4.1\tEarly chipped stone tools from Belize 4.2\tEarly Preclassic pottery from Copan, Honduras 4.3\tMiddle Preclassic house remains at La Venta, Mexico 4.4\tMonument 12 from Chalchuapa, El Salvador 4.5\tMonument 3 from San Jose Mogote, Oaxaca, Mexico Chapter 5 Emergence in the Middle Preclassic 5.1\tStela 11 at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala 5.2\tMap of La Blanca, Guatemala 5.3\tLa Blanca Mound 1 5.4\tLa Blanca Monument 1 5.5\tMap of El Ujuxte, Guatemala 5.6\tTakalik Abaj Monument 1 5.7\tMap of Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala 5.8\tKaminaljuyu Monument 65 5.9\tEl Porton, Guatemala, excavation of Monument 1 5.10\tTomb at Los Mangales, Guatemala 5.11\tMiddle Preclassic platforms at Cuello, Belize 5.12\tK'axob, Belize; house platforms and subfloor burials 5.13\tBlackman Eddy, Belize. Str. B1 Stratigraphic Section 5.14\tMiddle Preclassic houses at Blackman Eddy, Belize 5.15\tMiddle Preclassic stages Str. B1, Blackman Eddy, Belize 5.16\tMap of Nakbe, Guatemala 5.17\tStela 1, Nakbe, Guatemala 5.18\tCross sections of Maya Corbeled Vaults 5.19\tPlans of Maya Structures Chapter 6 Origin of States in the Late Preclassic 6.1\tStela 1, La Mojarra, Veracruz, Mexico 6.2\tTuxtla Statuette 6.3\tFragment of Tres Zapotes Stela C 6.4\tMap of Izapa, Chiapas, Mexico 6.5\tIzapa Stela 21 6.6\tView of Kaminaljuyu 6.7\tKaminaljuyu Stela 10 6.8\tKaminaljuyu E-III-3 tomb 6.9\tTakalik Abaj Stela 2 6.10\tTakalik Abaj Stela 5 6.11\tMap of Chocola, Guatemala 6.12\tChocola Monument 1 6.13\tChocola captive sculpture 6.14\tChalchuapa Monument 1 6.15\tSalama Valley Monument 16 6.16\tLate Preclassic Pot Belly sculptures 6.17\tEl Baul Stela 1 6.18\tMap of Western Group at El Mirador 6.19\tEl Mirador El Tigre 6.20\tEl Mirador Structure 34 6.21\tEl Mirador Stela 2 6.22\tDrawing of Lamanai Structure N10-43 6.23\tCave sculpture at Loltun, Yucatan, Mexico 6.24\tMap of San Bartolo, Guatemala 6.25\tSan Bartolo Str. 1 tunnel section 6.26\tMap of Cerros, Belize 6.27\tCerros Str. 5C-2nd 6.28\tLate Preclassic texts; Kichpanha, \u0026 Pomona flare 6.29\tUaxactun E-VII \u0026 E-VII-sub 6.30\tUaxactun E-VII-sub masks 6.31\tUaxactun H Group mask 6.32\tMirador Group platforms at Dzibilchaltun 6.33\tStructure 450 at Komchen, Yucatan, Mexico 6.34\tStructure 500 at Komchen, Yucatan, Mexico 6.35\tCaldera of Ilopango, El Salvador 6.36\tPyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan, Mexico 6.37\tEarly Classic Teotihuacan-style pottery Chapter 7 Expansion of Maya States in the Early Classic 7.1\tMap of Tikal, Guatemala 7.2\tAerial view of Tikal 7.3\tTikal North Acropolis trench 7.4\tTikal North Acropolis section 7.5\tTikal North Acropolis Structure 5D-22 7.6\tTikal Stela 29 7.7\tTikal Stela 39 7.8\tTikal Stela 26 7.9\tTikal Central Acropolis plan 7.10\tStela 9 at Uaxactun, Guatemala 7.11\tUaxactun Group E 7.12\tUaxactun Stela 5 7.13\tUaxactun Str. B-XIII mural 7.14\tMap of Rio Azul, Guatemala 7.15\tRio Azul Tomb 1 murals 7.16\tTikal Stela 4 7.17\tTikal Stela 31 7.18\tTikal Burial 48 7.19\tMap of Copan, Honduras 7.20\tStratigraphic section of the Copan Acropolis 7.21\tCopan Altar Q 7.22\tCopan Hieroglyphic Stairway 7.23\tCopan Hunal Structure 7.24\tCopan Motmot Marker 7.25\tCopan Hunal Tomb 7.26\tCopan Hunal Tomb Vessels 7.27\tCopan Hunal Tomb Shell mosaic 7.28\tCopan Margarita Tomb 7.29\tCopan SubJaguar Tomb 7.30\tZoomorph P at Quirigua, Guatemala 7.31\tQuirigua Monument 26 7.32\tMap of Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico 7.33\tMap of Caracol, Belize 7.34\tCaracol Altar 21 7.35\tCaracol Caana Complex 7.36\tTikal Stela 9 7.37\tTikal Stela 23 7.38\tTikal Stela 17 7.39\tAerial view of Becan, Campeche, Mexico Chapter 8 Apogee in the Late Classic 8.1\tMap of Dos Pilas 8.2\tNaranjo Stela 24 and Stela 22 8.3\tTikal Stela 30 and Altar 14 8.4\tTikal Temple I lintel 8.5\tTikal Str 5D-57 stucco of Jasaw Chan K'awiil and capture 8.6\tTikal Stela 16 8.7\tTikal Temple I section of Burial 116 8.8\tTikal Temple I 8.9\tTikal Temple I tomb of Jasaw Chan K'awiil 8.10\tTikal Temple IV lintels 8.11\tTikal Stela 20 8.12\tAguateca, Guatemala, view from escarpment 8.13\tDos Pilas, Guatemala, before and after its downfall 8.14\tMap of Aguateca 8.15\tAguateca Str. M7-22 (storage room in situ) 8.16\tAguateca Str. M8-4 plan of in situ materials 8.17\tAguateca Str. M8-4 mask in situ; flute \u0026 headband 8.18\tPunta de Chimino, Guatemala\t 8.19\tCalakmul Stela 51 8.20\tCaracol Stela 17 8.21\tTikal Twin Pyramid Group 4E-4 8.22\tTikal Stela 22 and Altar 10 8.23\tTikal Temple III lintel 8.24\tStelae from Piedras Negras, Guatemala 8.25\tPiedras Negras Wall Panel 3 8.26\tPiedras Negras throne 8.27\tMap of Yaxchilan, Chiapas, Mexico 8.28\tYaxchilan Lintels 24, 25, \u0026 26 8.29\tYaxchilan Stela 11 8.30\tYaxchilan Lintels 1, 2, \u0026 3 8.31\tYaxchilan Lintel 8 8.32\tMap of Bonampak, Chiapas, Mexico 8.33\tBonampak Structure 1 8.34\tAerial view of Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico 8.35\tMap of Palenque 8.36\tPalenque Palace stucco panels 8.37\tPalenque Temple of the Inscriptions 8.38\tPalenque Tomb of Pakal 8.39\tPalenque Tomb of Pakal sarcophagus 8.40\tPalenque Tomb of Pakal sarcophagus lid 8.41\tPalenque Temple of the Sun 8.42\tPalenque Temple of the Cross interior shrine 8.43\tPalenque Temple of the Cross tablet 8.44\tPalenque Palace Tablet 8.45\tView of Tonina, Chiapas, Mexico 8.46\tTonina Stela 12 8.47\tTonina Monument 122 8.48\tCopan Stela P 8.49\tCopan Structure 10L-22 8.50\tCopan Stela H and Stela A 8.51\tCopan Ball Court 8.52\tQuirigua Great Plaza 8.53\tQuirigua Stela E 8.54\tCopan Structure 10L-22A 8.55\tCopan Structure 10L-18 8.56\tCopan Altar L 8.57\tAltun Ha, Belize Structure B-4 8.58\tAltun Ha jade head of K'inich Ajaw Chapter 9 Transformations in the Terminal Classic 9.1\tXunantunich, Belize; view of Str. A-6 9.2\tSeibal Round Structure 9.3\tSeibal Stela 19 9.4\tSeibal Structure A-3 9.5\tSeibal Stela 10 9.6\tView of Str. 1, Xpuhil, Campeche, Mexico 9.7\tView of Str. II, Chicanna, Campeche, Mexico 9.8\tPalace at Edzna, Campeche, Mexico 9.9\tPalace arch, Labna, Yucatan, Mexico 9.10\tMap of Uxmal, Yucatan, Mexico 9.11\tUxmal Stela 14 9.12\tAerial view of Uxmal 9.13\tUxmal Governor's Palace 9.14\tUxmal Nunnery Quadrangle 9.15\tUxmal Adivino 9.16\tKabah, Yucatan, Mexico, Palace of Masks 9.17\tKabah Doorjamb 9.18\tKabah causeway arch 9.19\tMap of Sayil, Yucatan, Mexico 9.20\tSayil excavation of domestic structure 9.21\tMap of Dzibilchaltun, Yucatan, Mexico 9.22\tDzibilchaltun Central Group 9.23\tDzibilchaltun Temple of the Seven Dolls 9.24\tCoba, Yucatan, Mexico, aerial view 9.25\tCoba Nohoch Mul 9.26\tCoba sacbe 9.27\tEk Balam, Yucatan, Mexico, Str. 1 9.28\tAerial view of Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico 9.29\tMap of Chichen Itza 9.30\tChichen Itza Las Monjas group 9.31\tChichen Itza Caracol 9.32\tChichen Itza plan of the Caracol 9.33\tChichen Itza El Castillo 9.34\tChichen Itza Red Jaguar Throne 9.35\tChichen Itza Great Ball Court \u0026 Temple of Jaguars 9.36\tChichen Itza Temple of the Jaguars mural 9.37\tChichen Itza Tzompantli 9.38\tChichen Itza Temple of the Warriors 9.39\tChichen Itza Temple of the Warriors mural 9.40\tChichen Itza turquoise mosaic 9.41\tChichen Itza El Mercado 9.42\tChichen Itza Sacred Cenote 9.43\tGold work from Chichen Itza 9.44\tMotifs from gold disks from Chichen Itza 9.45\tIsla Cerritos aerial view 9.46\tBilbao, Guatemala Monument 3 Chapter 10 Reformulation and Revival in the Postclassic 10.1\tMap of Mayapan, Yucatan, Mexico 10.2\tMap of Central Mayapan 10.3\tMayapan Castillo 10.4\tMayapan Round Temple 10.5\tMayapan-style effigy incensario 10.6\tMap of Island of Cozumel 10.7\tTulum view from the north 10.8\tTulum Structure 16 mural 10.9\tTulum El Castillo (after Catherwood) 10.10\tTulum El Castillo and Structure 5 10.11\tTulum Structure 5 mural 10.12\tTulum view of Structure 45 10.13\tMural from Santa Rita Corozal, Belize 10.14\tZaculeu, Guatemala, view of site 10.15\tMap of Utatlan, Guatemala 10.16\tUtatlan Temple of Awilix 10.17\tStructure 3 at Iximche, Guatemala 10.18\tMixcu Viejo, Guatemala, view of site Chapter 11 The Economy 11.1\tSowing maize from the Madrid Codex 11.2\tCeren, preserved Late Classic maize field 11.3\tMap of agricultural terraces at Caracol, Belize 11.4\tEdzna aerial view of canal system 11.5\tPulltrouser Swamp, Belize, view of relic raised fields 11.6\tPulltrouser Swamp excavations 11.7\tPulltrouser Swamp aerial view of relic raised fields 11.8\tRio Candelaria aerial view of relic raised fields 11.9\tDzemul aerial view of Xtampul salt pans Chapter 12 Organization of Maya Society 12.1\tAncient Maya clothing: loincloths from Classic monuments 12.2\tAncient Maya clothing: sandals from Classic monuments 12.3\tModern Maya huipils 12.4\tLate Classic burial practice: Uaxactun Structure A-1 12.5\tMaya House Mound at Sayil, Yucatan, Mexico 12.6\tAncient Maya residential group east of Xpuhil 12.7\tMap of Ceren, El Salvador 12.8\tCeren, Reconstruction of Household 1 12.9\tSchematic plans of Maya settlement units 12.10\tMap of Caracol Causeway System Chapter 13 Ideology 13.1\tScenes of human sacrifice 13.2\tRitual burning of copal by the Lacandon Maya 13.3\tMaya deities governing the world from the codices 13.4\tMaya deities depicted in Postclassic codices 13.5\tMaya deities depicted in Classic sources 13.6\tScepters and other regalia 13.7\tClassic eccentric chipped flint from Copan 13.8\tTikal incised bone from tomb of Jasaw Chan K'awiil 13.9\tBloodletting rituals from the Madrid Codex 13.10\tSacrificial knife from Chichen Itza 13.11\tGraffiti from Tikal Temple II Color Plates 1(a)\tTikal Jade Vessels 1(b)\tTikal Jade mosaic mask 1(c)\tTikal jade jaguar 2(a)\tCopan Ante jade figurine Copan 2(b)\tMatching jade plaques 2(c)\tCatherwood print of Governor's Palace at Uxmal 3(a)\tDresden Codex page 3(b)\tCival stucco mask 4(a)\tSan Bartolo photo of Tamale woman attendant 4(b)\tSan Bartolo Mural: Maize God with attendants 5(a)\tSan Bartolo Mural: Inauguration Scene 5(b)\tCopan Yehnal Structure Mask 6(a) \tCopan Margarita stucco facade 6(b) \tCopan Margarita Tomb vessel 7(a)\tCopan Rosalila replica 7(b)\tCopan SubJaguar Tomb vases 8(a) \tTikal carved bone (portrait of Jasaw Chan K'awiil) 8(b) \tTikal Polychrome vessel from (Bu. 196) 8(c)\tPalenque Palace 9(a)\tPalenque Polychrome censer 9(b)\tJaina Figurine 9(c)\tNebaj Vase 10 \u0026 11\tBonampak Str. 1 Room 1 Murals 12 \u0026 13\tBonampak Str. 1 Room 2 Murals 14 \u0026 15\tBonampak Str. 1 Room 3 Murals 16(a)\tPalace at Sayil, Yucatan, Mexico 16(b)\tChichen Itza mural in the Temple of the Warriors Boxes Chapter 1: The Setting of Maya Civilization 1.1\tOrigin of Mayan Languages 1.2\tThe Original Maya Homeland 1.3\tCacao 1.4\tStone Tools 1.5\tJade 1.6\tFeathers 1.7\tEccentric Flints 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Please try again.","components.lists.ExportListDialog.2095014922":"Items are ready to export","components.lists.ExportListDialog.2324218928":"Close","components.lists.ExportListDialog.2398081356":"Retry","components.lists.ExportListDialog.3590336714":"Export","components.lists.ExportListDialog.4059862639":"Please wait while we gather items to export...","components.lists.ImportListDialog.1228088475":"Select your .csv file here to import it to WorldCat.org","components.lists.ImportListDialog.1258355268":"Max file size exceeded. Please ensure you have the correct .csv file. You can also try exporting the list again from the WorldCat.org site.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.1325206744":"List privacy","components.lists.ImportListDialog.1405053187":"Import List","components.lists.ImportListDialog.1412813305":"Browse","components.lists.ImportListDialog.1495439996":"List description","components.lists.ImportListDialog.1557983148":"Imported file is empty. 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Please try again.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.2652377787":"List import is Successful!","components.lists.ImportListDialog.2804777047":"View List","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3135366329":"Public","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3265256378":"Unable to import { errorItems } items out of list of { totalItems } items. The Following OCLC numbers were not imported: { items } and more","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3528672691":"Cancel","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3537434729":"{ label } must not exceed { maxLength } characters","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3537729563":"List name already exists. Enter a different list name.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3541630734":"Error uploading file. Please ensure you have the correct .csv file. You can also try exporting the list again from the WorldCat.org site.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.360239402":"Unable to add item to the list. Please try again.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3786408260":"Only you can view this list.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3858888477":"Private. Only you can view this list.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3880181859":"{ fieldName } must not exceed { maxLength } characters","components.lists.ImportListDialog.3891147933":"Please select a .csv file.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.479536455":"Private","components.lists.ImportListDialog.631346210":"Public. Anyone on WorldCat.org will be able to view, cite, share this list.","components.lists.ImportListDialog.758323330":"Import list in progress","components.lists.ImportListDialog.829798655":"Unable to import { errorItems } items out of list of { totalItems } items. 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Set your favorite library.","pages.user.profile.index.1756505912":"By building your user profile we can help you find the most relevant libraries, items and events that are near you.","pages.user.profile.index.2172735635":"We are signing you into WorldCat.org","pages.user.profile.index.2367745510":"Build Your Profile","pages.user.profile.index.2737324023":"Please wait, do not hit back or close the browser window","pages.user.profile.index.294320753":" of 2","pages.user.profile.index.3901888570":"Step 1 of 2. 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You can start using WorldCat.org right away.","pages.user.profile.success.911474369":"Profile Created","pages.user.search.saved-searches.1302102469":"Saved searches ({totalItems})","pages.user.search.saved-searches.1456202616":"Select a saved search.","pages.user.search.saved-searches.1847378775":"Your saved searches are removed.","pages.user.search.saved-searches.2398081356":"Retry","pages.user.search.saved-searches.2519218292":"Your saved search is removed.","pages.user.search.saved-searches.252662324":"Unable to load your saved searches. Try again later.","pages.user.search.saved-searches.2815302548":"sign in","pages.user.search.saved-searches.3102383313":"Not all saved searches were removed. 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