CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "catdir.loc.gov",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '8e79718c4943882c',cH: 'pjYhWRQdwIrxerdMCKt6dEFci1iM4Kdb2IYw11Q1DHs-1732451775-1.2.1.1-HG8UgC.aqEIiSRPggXrE3ycCchPo4iVbGw3fGr0oPp2ul5TwYYzFm5HpIWjLaHht',cUPMDTk: "\/catdir\/toc\/ecip057\/2005003043.html?__cf_chl_tk=lJxDbptW30B3n4O6wpynFb3x4.h9qNdkrEIWiDv9KaM-1732451775-1.0.1.1-6Z9tOue_bUKt.ZIPa0n2c_Qb8sHNfak8Hgk6jLsXU.8",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732451775',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/catdir\/toc\/ecip057\/2005003043.html?__cf_chl_f_tk=lJxDbptW30B3n4O6wpynFb3x4.h9qNdkrEIWiDv9KaM-1732451775-1.0.1.1-6Z9tOue_bUKt.ZIPa0n2c_Qb8sHNfak8Hgk6jLsXU.8",md: "wvClGp8lv9P7emyLG3SWYkQmoCTzBGhAA5afyhGuFRM-1732451775-1.2.1.1-pFN5B21J0RRoqaFUYZkzP551bpXlFbZanWetbGejsgsuVYhYMZsCLIX42WSeH_uiXpzfkqfeCaXRTtiQvY_rDjTJJobPVLP4aSk0H_q9p776L4r_DvU8CpHqt.E.Sowe9kyZB.1ltAlnlK32P4suAv9SK9_2hSFCxkkftcnqVSkXSDlMrK38Smkmfpyi5r2mxP8R1YwZA.oHLOHUvLhx3Nrfb18iHzeMOwBTch1InQlDAB.rlNGwhJ1iERVxwO16xZitduP9ktg_w6fW4ZRzZJX7HuzH0hcPMGAol3knJrBCkPx.u9VkAglq6G48renTbzVdLOiCvIWz93dYraKu8iShrRwxHpQsRJvPmS9OlYmpLo3wNY2m9TQ6dHyknDrUibXl9nquCz.xanQsOI7w8LYqie.T9IBjb3xPC0ttSvly28kmUti3BmZlKXbMN6Ir0mV.tOsK_G60QweSj6hcq2sQZcmLiHyMr8_oo_i9uZs91BxSIhO0D9XCT65SkxvENAhnC0Di.iOL_rdxPRVxyEFF6zknGgzH8bl8H2TLjGGDUJbSYgNSWUHZrYARbmiS317X5oJ6yXbcyoOjJuHT72wfoCkifM5XC6QiovkKnnI56Kh8Ye2aW.pHtrDynZ_1qFJo7RK3plQJI.b..XipCD1Pt_HHSJf7oHNhDzx0jc3qE9RliAjKBCwjCKvrubeEv3JxO9HnRC5enjGmk1362SkNqeZlbzEXYYIzickHGV6nsaVfwlpBI6KEZvimoLmubmflglZNBgaXzc0ivkNX0MJzPK98idCQrXFpIDM._rJSWBl1G0JL28hCD1MjQMpbpBYiIs5Yyi3xPu7Cdem0u1_3lVAlhzvHi6DjlXZoHE69.bWlliab6UE3iJr3U20xBlGYivGQ73Ho8eZ3BquKNwGhXPirZCGlGasdXAf4cZRz5Zv86WCd1DjsMJtN0hubUTVgzhRek9d7iIVqRf7Ayv22VnR1X1UVBeX7ydPaJlwtX3Czk5kX47CSCfejJO7RhhDAG3KQ_qQwL8RlJSpvZj1BVIGjO4TlQj71a_1z7K.2gOP9kjiBYNCxhLwTqvOqzJ_JDODLs7TLIRpwk7wd3SZ59QasObsi4HKK_6PzK9pKL57YAn3901MhIn.1T8gmKHxY.GjG3tkTpwVqfrEATpKHdvSQVK3I029_pAMVPMJ4_4Lth.hEDLjXDFDApeBZ49v_dG0UwetY.pru8PFlTx9lbkHwbGvxYFsnlX7XiOOaHCmLb8zb_UrIWk6lnfZpgqwDc9Urm4LpBUKHznbzJssx3mlG.SpLDLXSK5_EFR3v9qJQQdzEqlLYfu3h0Y9vWymSL7_7QoNs4jYMU8GK4d152ou7S0iPY3kLnqsseUmxA_IW.1HavHs3ix3L8JYf8wmh94PW77lZq1BbICoKgGKYK0A_CM9wYYdp49MWpCBdtZcnINOwBlj0e4hTazQwZZTQJsHhnNYc7d_WiyI3Cyn0mwmfHl.3vPmTSMLjpXw6j79D3_Kt2D6NuNGRQTSOxIKMfHpLb4L.kh4vlCuc08JU7iKGJMFZq2KszVddwEy6ckwhxeyG6BetPhGosIwDCA.zPQPwLdpvdYsq1VWq7WP6o_WV2KwJKvAaQaHvRFjoK1llP5fNI8ARBzpSKNWS2fFFgLDd0cECbQWLGRzWqrOFYjoMSxD0_wKLGwaZG07Imy3GJ4cpRI4B8X606D_ABxVAaAk3tU19AAywaNJR.Ucfah10ZBVMfboHxNmxHiJrVBMrrabZR6I3aXcGIlGtY.pbaZa8rmR3D5XA1i7tmsRb8A_LEVCoO.BNkXrqtUdkwPJMD_E1.1nrzrzBD2yeu0Pnezv_TGZ.RgMB9i4vP9ZSH7XAegndQDJcdpwNn.YuScTY.FhmxhO2ymgVT5x_qxBgygyU3mpas1TkHvLw8_zY8ItAntvpF.gv3puAOtZ681uMSS06p3bGa68VsLT745ns2c2CN4fTl2p8MAqQZw",mdrd: ".fgpUPtBpHPaLP2LqTJmDTAOaESmW5SwfayAUgdVjUU-1732451775-1.2.1.1-iibOg2.DDm_Eyr0Bf4H9d0Qz1PWQzXmCUZ82QQPIRYCiCOldbpEix2Go8LdvCDestUQ8PMmsCwR08brjc0SFlOUx1Bxhk2sarzDhA3PjGDrkQwYj85b8Ou.7lgfwC7yzYMWM.cIPnKMA4C7kvubnVXShMfNFgNY2xvHEiM3suCdE_qxmqsXfxxzXBMLa1kq3eC3pQ6lRucGTfJhTowf768b_VSfZoHfiL6plt7j26O4Qi9nZeYr6Ys3zFR9aLgV87lMnCqmAHumvwKWgjI3lDag1Qw6u2pL2xQ8RgkZQQVJhqEp90TjVXfw9aT86XQJFjQ4CSgLh_NWJ6yUv5297k78Ezz5WKI.NqIyPIGXRTzI4Wt7kkisthkGIqgk9x9SIQL0xfriolwbdfSxkZoRMioralxUdl2L28oZb6NVBzhf_tRFlmLqHAaxwksOLLy2TpuZ2UjU.KRvCxsKh8Q7eo..1VMu4OVljMT2hqibgyFXSQkX9ORq_REoLGBmp2l0nC2e38Ikkd_XDspgoZja50heNrqy1IMmXi1wdXDBAaH6ou1ZJZMwxjFj.oJa46QVCc5Ic82leIoO71dyp.ufCx9Ps6XGwqV2jO36qPL6C_zsSVv016DYfjiWrqi1JoOo3cIJVoMrmdz9IwS08QCFUtYfyPGiDzv.LjNZ4bZx9ahKdtA.IeGevHJcsKxJxRIzikly8WjEOCxtnB6cznPYL6cGvLl96tCw59br9Shd2WQPzjTizeb6.UmGasaE.LsILCtpMGZYh0FDlVT.lI8.tCupaJLkjCB9MaApJsMXdu0Z8tB5KVo.fdXnWq6ypco8JJTS4L9o.v3ye16dk94RwX9CC4OUfQFGNyK01Cfs4_Ff7.M9Kozln9Tyoa46qrwfLLYVizzZH611DEAlhmHu4BeTKrV1CfJ60rUAaej59nocW7P9aEIqPmmzk8OZSjqeUk7T_WJzbpZGCh_o_08kC7OEuBhqYkScx0DZdyGr_ngsWe7nntkTab0Mtj2vgsHvq25rZSQfNi3DVbjtOg1kCayeHiJnSMl680cgiQfgDb3u14s3q.Gam_Vfvk89i4bSCAEU0kzm1qkV5n1hon21DNUF6Ph6GVZI5lLmkAmB8tAEimev51QXuugePsZL87frYcNOGN1taaFAWfOw3IOEI8DLhR5__KQ0RT6arYXZSzlHOrEf4aYI.YPXKFpF0UCBsmyrlE4.InQ4X6Pzxm83QZeAQsO5fzEeyfYV3VnfiWRhxbzMvo5VBqmLsZncNlWvpg2xvnmNCvWJS7Bqt4J1EXz0xhMTasFr9rHkdJFzblXabC1VtMEz94U_neSuvLPVAhopwib3kB5htSJT7Eu5fs.IxqT4flTH7ZerNujz7UrDDSM36WAPh0L2y5CVlBK24SMFJWKcPu6sSTkYM2.M7eWypqJ6ZnOku8iONGHRMiXZRfGBDZkM.YRdOGWe.Lvy0QT9wN8f9BRPKYQlxf_QCeDw6a10_PDluek6k8qgQhKo2JiE5QyufdKY2ogDc47EjUumBE1DUuOY8C72GadYTJ8e1imEVtW_RQBKNB9_I8HEzWGzd0m3s21ma60Bsd08VLCwNPlAvy68AIxRTZ7ItGfJFzlpiKZJJ7HurvudFniHIH2Vzo9Bu_N09Xuxlid1PW_LxAFbtzoKSHQ2BiiFXbR4s_M7JNid1vwx80I8F9mlJW638ypZbTz.idBrk3aJb6jw9ZwONL5gr2w9INhHdB2lW7qK32QpGslLLLTa2.V8dCtxrr22xVRFGlCGQIXy49cC0_s3KU5pe16IIO0Ag_McCupSt6g4RcIllMJWMLRn.03VdcnzV5m2Kq.DUVDpYScYxrd3st.M2.vz4IU2TPspaegaOSn0u9rP78_Vat7MWV_pLcEjF14Esd995gcD9ChSqwTZRFSJGHkbQSBE0SWvl1RsRcUZC.kdu2Oi83wM"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e79718c4943882c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/catdir\/toc\/ecip057\/2005003043.html?__cf_chl_rt_tk=lJxDbptW30B3n4O6wpynFb3x4.h9qNdkrEIWiDv9KaM-1732451775-1.0.1.1-6Z9tOue_bUKt.ZIPa0n2c_Qb8sHNfak8Hgk6jLsXU.8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>