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2022–2025 Lebanese presidential election - Wikipedia

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</li> <li id="toc-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_and_fall_of_the_Assad_regime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_and_fall_of_the_Assad_regime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Israel–Hezbollah conflict and fall of the Assad regime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_and_fall_of_the_Assad_regime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Electoral system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Pact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Pact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>National Pact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Pact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Candidates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Candidates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Candidates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Declared_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declared_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Declared interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declared_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_potential_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_potential_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Other potential candidates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_potential_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kataeb_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kataeb_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Kataeb Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kataeb_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lebanese_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lebanese_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Lebanese Forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lebanese_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_Patriotic_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_Patriotic_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Free Patriotic Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_Patriotic_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Withdrawals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Withdrawals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Withdrawals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Withdrawals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Election</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_to_fourth_sessions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_to_fourth_sessions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>First to fourth sessions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_to_fourth_sessions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_vacuum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_vacuum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Power vacuum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_vacuum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_session" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_session"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Fifth session</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_session-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_session" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_session"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Sixth session</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_session-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh_to_eleventh_session" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_to_eleventh_session"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Seventh to eleventh session</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_to_eleventh_session-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standoff_and_foreign_delegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standoff_and_foreign_delegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Standoff and foreign delegation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standoff_and_foreign_delegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twelfth_session" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twelfth_session"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Twelfth session</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twelfth_session-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Announcements_of_candidacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Announcements_of_candidacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8.1</span> <span>Announcements of candidacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Announcements_of_candidacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aoun_endorsements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aoun_endorsements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8.2</span> <span>Aoun endorsements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aoun_endorsements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hezbollah_and_allies;_international_pressure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hezbollah_and_allies;_international_pressure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8.3</span> <span>Hezbollah and allies; international pressure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hezbollah_and_allies;_international_pressure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thirteenth_session" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thirteenth_session"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Thirteenth session</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thirteenth_session-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="mw-page-title-main">2022–2025 Lebanese presidential election</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85_2022-2025" title="Προεδρική εκλογή του Λιβάνου 2022-2025 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προεδρική εκλογή του Λιβάνου 2022-2025" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B5%E2%80%93%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B2)" title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری لبنان (۲۰۲۵–۲۰۲۲) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات ریاست‌جمهوری لبنان (۲۰۲۵–۲۰۲۲)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lection_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_libanaise_de_2022-2025" title="Élection présidentielle libanaise de 2022-2025 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élection présidentielle libanaise de 2022-2025" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8D_%D9%BC%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%90_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B2-_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B5%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="د لبنان د ولسمشرۍ ټاکنې ۲۰۲۲- ۲۰۲۵م کال – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د لبنان د ولسمشرۍ ټاکنې ۲۰۲۲- ۲۰۲۵م کال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106750545#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="View the content page [c]" 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.ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2022–2025 Lebanese presidential election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/50px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/75px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/100px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">&#8592;&#160;<a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election"><span class="nowrap">2014–16</span></a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>29 September 2022 <span class="nowrap">– 9 January 2025</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><i>2031</i>&#160;&#8594;</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">128 (100%)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>&#160; </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #DCDCDC"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -15px; width: 150px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen._Joseph_K._Aoun_Participates_in_a_Wreath-Laying_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gen. Joseph K. Aoun Participates in a Wreath-Laying at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gen._Joseph_K._Aoun_Participates_in_a_Wreath-Laying_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Gen._Joseph_K._Aoun_Participates_in_a_Wreath-Laying_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gen._Joseph_K._Aoun_Participates_in_a_Wreath-Laying_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Gen._Joseph_K._Aoun_Participates_in_a_Wreath-Laying_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Gen._Joseph_K._Aoun_Participates_in_a_Wreath-Laying_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Gen._Joseph_K._Aoun_Participates_in_a_Wreath-Laying_at_the_Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #DCDCDC"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -8px; width: 140px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:07-09-03_09-40-16_Mallat_speaking_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="07-09-03_09-40-16_Mallat_speaking_(cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/07-09-03_09-40-16_Mallat_speaking_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-07-09-03_09-40-16_Mallat_speaking_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/07-09-03_09-40-16_Mallat_speaking_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-07-09-03_09-40-16_Mallat_speaking_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/07-09-03_09-40-16_Mallat_speaking_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-07-09-03_09-40-16_Mallat_speaking_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2420" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Nominee </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Chibli_Mallat" title="Chibli Mallat">Chibli Mallat</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Electoral&#160;vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>99</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>77.34%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1.56% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>President before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a> (acting)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Azm_Movement" title="Azm Movement">Azm Movement</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected President</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:19.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Politics of Lebanon">Politics of Lebanon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/115px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/173px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/230px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="208" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a></span> </p> <hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon" title="Constitution of Lebanon">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon" title="Constitution of Lebanon">Constitution of 1926</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lebanon" title="Human rights in Lebanon">Human rights</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon#Executive_branch" title="Politics of Lebanon">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Lebanon" title="List of presidents of Lebanon">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lebanon" title="List of prime ministers of Lebanon">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Lebanon" title="Council of Ministers of Lebanon">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cabinets_of_Lebanon" title="List of Cabinets of Lebanon">Past Cabinets</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon#Legislative_branch" title="Politics of Lebanon">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Parliament</a> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="List of speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a></span></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Subdivisions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Lebanon" title="Governorates of Lebanon">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Lebanon" title="Districts of Lebanon">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Lebanon">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lebanon" title="Elections in Lebanon">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2008 Lebanese presidential election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election">2014–2016</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2022–2025</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2009_Lebanese_general_election" title="2009 Lebanese general election">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Lebanese_general_election" title="2018 Lebanese general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election" title="2022 Lebanese general election">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon" title="List of political parties in Lebanon">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon" title="Foreign relations of Lebanon">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Emigrants_(Lebanon)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants (Lebanon)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_Bou_Habib" title="Abdallah Bou Habib">Abdallah Bou Habib</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Lebanon" title="List of diplomatic missions of Lebanon">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Lebanon" title="List of diplomatic missions in Lebanon">in Lebanon</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law" title="Lebanese nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_passport" title="Lebanese passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Lebanese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Lebanon" title="Visa policy of Lebanon">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/32px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/48px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/64px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lebanon" title="Portal:Lebanon">Lebanon&#32;portal</a> </p> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Template:Politics of Lebanon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Template talk:Politics of Lebanon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Lebanon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Lebanon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirect election</a> of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lebanon" title="President of Lebanon">president of Lebanon</a> took place from 29 September 2022 through 9 January 2025 to determine the successor of term-limited incumbent <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces">commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanese Armed Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a> (no close relation to Michel),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> was elected president in the second round of voting of the thirteenth parliamentary session on 9 January 2025, securing 99 votes. He took office on the same day while keeping his position as the commander of the Lebanese Forces, becoming the 14th president and the fifth army commander to assume the role. </p><p>Under Article 49 of <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon" title="Constitution of Lebanon">Lebanese constitution</a>, in the first round of an electoral session, a qualified majority of two-thirds of the members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Lebanese Parliament</a> is required to elect the President. If no candidate reaches that threshold, further rounds of voting are held, where an absolute majority of all MPs is sufficient to elect the president.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The years-long process was not without precedent; <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election">the previous election took forty-six sessions with multiple rounds across two years</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Pact" title="National Pact">By convention</a>, the presidency is always held by a <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Maronite_Christians" title="Lebanese Maronite Christians">Maronite Christian</a>. The incumbent president is only eligible for re-election to a second, non-consecutive term.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019–21_protests"><span id="2019.E2.80.9321_protests"></span>2019–21 protests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: 2019–21 protests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/17_October_Revolution" title="17 October Revolution">17 October Revolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_Lebanese_protests_-_Antelias_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2019_Lebanese_protests_-_Antelias_1.jpg/220px-2019_Lebanese_protests_-_Antelias_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2019_Lebanese_protests_-_Antelias_1.jpg/330px-2019_Lebanese_protests_-_Antelias_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/2019_Lebanese_protests_-_Antelias_1.jpg/440px-2019_Lebanese_protests_-_Antelias_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4024" /></a><figcaption>2019 Lebanese protests in <a href="/wiki/Antelias" title="Antelias">Antelias</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Large-scale anti-government demonstrations ignited in Lebanon on 17 October 2019. Initially triggered in response to a rise in gas and tobacco prices as well as a new tax on messaging applications,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This resulted in the forkward demonstrations quickly turned into a revolution against the stagnation of the economy, unemployment, Lebanon's sectarian and <a href="/wiki/Za%27im_system" title="Za&#39;im system">hereditary</a> political system, corruption and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Lebanon" title="Council of Ministers of Lebanon">government's</a> inability to provide essential services such as water, electricity and sanitation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Saad_Hariri" title="Saad Hariri">Saad Hariri</a> ended up resigning on 29 October 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Diab" title="Hassan Diab">Hassan Diab</a> was appointed prime minister by President <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a> on 19 December 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His government obtained the confidence of parliament by 69 votes in its favour.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the country's economic situation continued to deteriorate. The government was over 95 billion dollars in debt by the end of 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the Lebanese pound lost 70% of its value in six months,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and 35% of the active population was unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Riots broke out in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Tripoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jounieh" title="Jounieh">Jounieh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beirut_explosion">Beirut explosion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Beirut explosion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2020_Beirut_explosion" title="2020 Beirut explosion">2020 Beirut explosion</a></div> <p>On 4 August 2020, the explosion of several thousand tons of ammonium nitrate stored in a hangar in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Beirut" title="Port of Beirut">Port of Beirut</a> caused considerable human and material damage across the city and the port. The final toll was 218 dead and over 7,000 injured<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and damage estimated at nearly four billion euros by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and estimated to have left 300,000 homeless.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The industrial-port zone of the Port of <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> was badly affected, further aggravating the economic situation. Prior to the explosion, 60% of the country's imports transited through the port.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramzy_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramzy-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The blast was so powerful that it physically shook the whole country of Lebanon. It was felt in Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, and Israel, as well as parts of Europe, and was heard in Cyprus, more than 240 km (150 mi) away.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was detected by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> as a seismic event of <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">magnitude</a> 3.3 and is considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Largest_artificial_non-nuclear_explosions#Largest_accidental_artificial_non-nuclear_explosions_by_magnitude" title="Largest artificial non-nuclear explosions">most powerful accidental artificial non-nuclear explosions</a> in history.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese government">Lebanese government</a> declared a two-week <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> in response to the disaster. In its aftermath, protests erupted across Lebanon against the government for their failure to prevent the disaster, joining a <a href="/wiki/17_October_Revolution" title="17 October Revolution">larger series of protests</a> which had been taking place across the country since 2019. On 10 August 2020, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Diab" title="Hassan Diab">Hassan Diab</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Hassan_Diab" title="Cabinet of Hassan Diab">Lebanese cabinet</a> resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The adjacent grain silos were badly damaged. In July and August 2022, part of the silos collapsed following a weeks-long fire in the remaining grain.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_parliamentary_elections">2022 parliamentary elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: 2022 parliamentary elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2022, Lebanon held its first <a href="/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election" title="2022 Lebanese general election">election</a> since a painful economic crisis dragged it to the brink of becoming a <a href="/wiki/Failed_state" title="Failed state">failed state</a>. Lebanon's crisis has been so severe that more than 80 percent of the population is now considered poor by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. In the election Iran-backed Shia Muslim <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> movement and its allies lost their parliamentary majority. Hezbollah did not lose any of its seats, but its allies lost seats. Hezbollah's ally, President <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Free Patriotic Movement</a>, was no longer the biggest Christian party after the election. A rival Christian party, led by <a href="/wiki/Samir_Geagea" title="Samir Geagea">Samir Geagea</a>, with close ties to Saudi Arabia, the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a> (LF), made gains. Sunni <a href="/wiki/Future_Movement" title="Future Movement">Future Movement</a>, led by former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Saad_Hariri" title="Saad Hariri">Saad Hariri</a>, did not participate the election, leaving a political vacuum to other Sunni politicians to fill.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_and_fall_of_the_Assad_regime"><span id="Israel.E2.80.93Hezbollah_conflict_and_fall_of_the_Assad_regime"></span>Israel–Hezbollah conflict and fall of the Assad regime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Israel–Hezbollah conflict and fall of the Assad regime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josep_Borrell_Fontelles_at_the_International_Conference_in_Support_of_Lebanon%E2%80%99s_People_and_Sovereignty_-_P064601-245312.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Josep_Borrell_Fontelles_at_the_International_Conference_in_Support_of_Lebanon%E2%80%99s_People_and_Sovereignty_-_P064601-245312.jpg/215px-Josep_Borrell_Fontelles_at_the_International_Conference_in_Support_of_Lebanon%E2%80%99s_People_and_Sovereignty_-_P064601-245312.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Josep_Borrell_Fontelles_at_the_International_Conference_in_Support_of_Lebanon%E2%80%99s_People_and_Sovereignty_-_P064601-245312.jpg/323px-Josep_Borrell_Fontelles_at_the_International_Conference_in_Support_of_Lebanon%E2%80%99s_People_and_Sovereignty_-_P064601-245312.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Josep_Borrell_Fontelles_at_the_International_Conference_in_Support_of_Lebanon%E2%80%99s_People_and_Sovereignty_-_P064601-245312.jpg/430px-Josep_Borrell_Fontelles_at_the_International_Conference_in_Support_of_Lebanon%E2%80%99s_People_and_Sovereignty_-_P064601-245312.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5477" data-file-height="3651" /></a><figcaption>French <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Barrot" title="Jean-Noël Barrot">Jean-Noël Barrot</a> and then-<a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-President of the European Commission</a> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Josep Borrell</a> attending the International Conference in Support of the Population and Sovereignty of Lebanon in Paris, France (24 October 2024)</figcaption></figure> <p>A day after <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> launched its <a href="/wiki/7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="7 October attacks">7 October 2023 attacks</a> on Israel and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_bombing_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli bombing of the Gaza Strip">Israel began its bombing of Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> joined the conflict in "solidarity with the Palestinians"<sup id="cite_ref-The_Jerusalem_Post2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Jerusalem_Post2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aj2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aj2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> by firing on Israeli military outposts in <a href="/wiki/Shebaa_Farms" title="Shebaa Farms">Shebaa Farms</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-aj2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aj2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hezbollah_bombards_Israeli_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hezbollah_bombards_Israeli-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>—both territories <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">under Israeli occupation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hezbollah_bombards_Israeli_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hezbollah_bombards_Israeli-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since then, Hezbollah and Israel have been involved in <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">cross-border military exchanges</a> that have displaced entire communities in Israel and Lebanon, with significant damage to buildings and land along the border. Israel subsequently <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_Lebanon_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="Israeli invasion of Lebanon (2024–present)">invaded southern Lebanon</a>. The Israeli offensive weakened Hezbollah; it lost many senior officials, including its leader, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah" title="Hassan Nasrallah">Hassan Nasrallah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This has eroded Hezbollah's operational and financial strength.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">fall of the Assad regime</a>, rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a> stated that Syria would not interfere in Lebanese internal affairs as it had under Assad; he added that "if the Lebanese agree on <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a> as president, we will support him".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_system">Electoral system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Electoral system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon" title="Constitution of Lebanon">Constitution of Lebanon</a> does not require candidates to explicitly stand or state any mechanism by which they can. Candidates can only express an interest in the position. </p><p>Under article 49 of the Lebanese Constitution, a qualified majority of two-thirds of the members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Parliament of Lebanon">Lebanese Parliament</a> is required to elect the president in the first round. The quorum also amounts to two-thirds of the Parliament. In the second round, a president can be elected by a simple majority of 65 deputies. There is however ambiguity on the constitutionality of the two-thirds quorum, since constitutional texts do not explicitly mention it. Some have interpreted this omission as intentional, such as legal scholar Assam Khalifeh, while Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a> has relied on the opposite interpretation to enable his allies to resort to <a href="/wiki/Quorum#Quorum-busting" title="Quorum">quorum-busting</a>. An example of this would be the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election">2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election</a>, where quorum would not be met for forty-three electoral sessions. </p><p>The Constitution also states that, in the last ten days of the incumbent's tenure, the powers of an electoral college are vested in parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Pact">National Pact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: National Pact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Pact" title="National Pact">National Pact</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Pact" title="National Pact">National Pact</a>, an informal agreement agreed in 1943, requires that the president should be a Maronite Christian,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Lebanon">prime minister</a> a Sunni Muslim, and the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Lebanon" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon">speaker of parliament</a> a Shiite Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Pact" title="National Pact">National Pact</a> is based on an unwritten agreement concluded in 1943 between the Maronite Christian president, <a href="/wiki/Bechara_El_Khoury" title="Bechara El Khoury">Bechara El Khoury</a>, and his Sunni prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Riad_Al_Solh" title="Riad Al Solh">Riad Al Solh</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> gained <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Independence_Day" title="Lebanese Independence Day">independence from France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declared_interest">Declared interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Declared interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Declared candidates included: </p> <ul><li>Bechara Abi Younes, candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2009_Lebanese_general_election" title="2009 Lebanese general election">2009 Lebanese general election</a>, engineer and president of the Environmental Rescue party<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziad_Alexandre_Hayek" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziad Alexandre Hayek">Ziad Hayek</a>, former head of the High Council for Privatization and <a href="/wiki/Public-private_partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public-private partnership">public-private partnership</a> (2006–2019), Lebanese nominee for president of the World Bank in 2019<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Chamoun" title="Tracy Chamoun">Tracy Chamoun</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Dany_Chamoun" title="Dany Chamoun">Dany Chamoun</a> and former ambassador of Lebanon to <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> (2017–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Rihani" title="May Rihani">May Rihani</a>, international development and gender scholar, Director of the Gibran Chair for Values and Peace at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland">University of Maryland</a>, former UN co-chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (2008–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elias Tawileh, engineer<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sayed Boutros Franjieh, businessman<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elie Yachoui, Dean of the Business Administration and Economics faculty at the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_University%E2%80%93Louaize" title="Notre Dame University–Louaize">Notre Dame University–Louaize</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibli_Mallat" title="Chibli Mallat">Chibli Mallat</a>, lawyer and activist<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Geagea" title="Samir Geagea">Samir Geagea</a>, incumbent party leader (2005–present)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neemat_Frem" title="Neemat Frem">Neemat Frem</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/INDEVCO_Group" title="INDEVCO Group">INDEVCO Group</a> and MP (2018–present)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_potential_candidates">Other potential candidates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Other potential candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kataeb_Party">Kataeb Party</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Kataeb Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samy_Gemayel" title="Samy Gemayel">Samy Gemayel</a>, MP (2009–present) and incumbent party leader (2015–present)<sup id="cite_ref-:2_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadim_Gemayel" title="Nadim Gemayel">Nadim Gemayel</a>, MP (2009–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lebanese_Forces">Lebanese Forces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Lebanese Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sethrida_Geagea" title="Sethrida Geagea">Sethrida Geagea</a>, MP (2005–present) and former chairwoman of the party<sup id="cite_ref-:2_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Free_Patriotic_Movement">Free Patriotic Movement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Free Patriotic Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gebran_Bassil" title="Gebran Bassil">Gebran Bassil</a>, MP (2018–present), incumbent party leader (2015–present) and former Minister of Telecommunications (2009–2009), Energy and Water (2009–2014) and Foreign Affairs (2014–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Kanaan" title="Ibrahim Kanaan">Ibrahim Kanaan</a>, MP (2005–present) and Chairman of the Parliamentary Budget and Financial Affairs Commission (2009–present).<sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-presidentiables_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presidentiables-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a>, 14th <a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_the_Lebanese_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Commanders of the Lebanese Armed Forces">Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces</a> (2017–present).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a>, lawyer, professor and former Minister of Interior (2008–2011) and candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2018_Lebanese_general_election" title="2018 Lebanese general election">2018 Lebanese general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to <i>L'Orient–Le Jour</i>, a previous candidacy for the FPM led the opposition to veto his candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-presidentiables_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presidentiables-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Salah Honein, former MP (2000–2005) and member of the <a href="/wiki/Qornet_Shehwan_Gathering" title="Qornet Shehwan Gathering">Qornet Shehwan Gathering</a><sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibli_Mallat" title="Chibli Mallat">Chibli Mallat</a>, international lawyer, professor and candidate for the aborted 2005–2006 presidential election</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Azour" title="Jihad Azour">Jihad Azour</a>, former Minister of Finance (2005–2008)and the current Middle East and Central Asia Director in the IMF.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to <i>L'Orient–Le Jour</i>, he is opposed by Hezbollah due to his participation in the <a href="/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Fouad_Siniora" title="First Cabinet of Fouad Siniora">first Siniora government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-presidentiables_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presidentiables-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Assaf" title="Samir Assaf">Samir Assaf</a>, HSBC executive.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to <i>L'Orient–Le Jour</i>, he is close to Macron, and enjoys French support because of his distance from the political establishment, but may lack familiarity with Lebanese political life.<sup id="cite_ref-presidentiables_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presidentiables-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassif_Hitti" title="Nassif Hitti">Nassif Hitti</a>, diplomat and former <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Emigrants_(Lebanon)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants (Lebanon)">Minister of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants</a> (2020).<sup id="cite_ref-:9_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to <i>L'Orient–Le Jour</i>, he left the government in 2020 because he felt the government had allowed Abbas Ibrahim, head of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBret%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" class="mw-redirect" title="Sûreté Générale">Sûreté générale</a>, to encroach on his diplomatic responsibilities, and elicits some support and opposition in the Aounist camp.<sup id="cite_ref-presidentiables_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presidentiables-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Ziade_(businessman)" title="Philippe Ziade (businessman)">Philippe Ziade</a>, businessman and Honorary Consul of Lebanon in Nevada<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Roger Dib, former Minister, member in the National Committee of Christian/Muslim Dialogue, director of the Near East Consulting Group<sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Elias_Khazen" title="Farid Elias Khazen">Farid Elias El-Khazen</a>, former MP (2005–2018), Ambassador to the Holy See (2018–present).<sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to <i>L'Orient–Le Jour</i>, he enjoyed good relations with the Maronite church, and the Assad regime; he was part of Frangieh's parliamentary bloc.<sup id="cite_ref-presidentiables_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presidentiables-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Haykal_Khazen" title="Farid Haykal Khazen">Farid Haykal al-Khazen</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Keserwan_District" title="Keserwan District">Kesserwan District</a><sup id="cite_ref-:8_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Georges Khoury, former head of military intelligence in the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanese Armed Forces</a> and Ambassador to the Holy See (2008–2018)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Bayssari" title="Elias Bayssari">Elias Baisary</a>, chief of the <a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_General_Security" title="General Directorate of General Security">General Directorate of General Security</a><sup id="cite_ref-:10_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Louis_Cardahi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Louis Cardahi (page does not exist)">Jean-Louis Cardahi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis_Cardahi" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Louis Cardahi">fr</a>&#93;</span>, former Telecommunications Minister<sup id="cite_ref-:10_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_Honein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salah Honein (page does not exist)">Salah Honein</a>, lawyer and former MP<sup id="cite_ref-:9_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawals">Withdrawals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Withdrawals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a>, MP (2018–present) and incumbent leader of the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">Independence Movement</a> (2005–present)<sup id="cite_ref-:7_45-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Issam Khalifeh, historian, academic at the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_University" title="Lebanese University">Lebanese University</a> and trade unionist, first president of the National Union of Lebanese University Students</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh_(politician,_born_1965)" title="Suleiman Frangieh (politician, born 1965)">Suleiman Frangieh</a>, Leader of the Marada Movement</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election">Election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_to_fourth_sessions">First to fourth sessions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: First to fourth sessions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first electoral session was held on 29 September 2022. The first and only round did not result in any candidate's election, due to the need to secure an absolute majority of 86 votes. Notably, 10 MPs voted for "Lebanon" while one vote went to <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Mahsa_Amini" title="Death of Mahsa Amini">Mahsa Amini</a>. Before the second round, a number of deputies unexpectedly left the Chamber, leading the assembly to lose the quorum by one MP and postponing the vote without a second round.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second session was held on 13 October but failed to secure a quorum with only 71 out of 128 deputies being there due to <a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">FPM</a> boycotting the session in memorial of <a href="/wiki/War_of_Liberation_(1989%E2%80%931990)" title="War of Liberation (1989–1990)">13 October 1990</a>, below the quorum of 2/3 (86 deputies).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third session was held on 20 October 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Michel Moawad received 42 votes, 55 MPs voted with a blank slip, one MP voted for Milad Abou Malhab. 17 MPs submitted ballots reading "New Lebanon", and one each for "Ruler, savior and reformer", "For Lebanon", "Righteous dictator" and "Nobody".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The second round was once again cancelled as FPM deputies left the Chamber, causing the loss of the quorum.<sup id="cite_ref-JPOST3_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPOST3-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fourth session to elect a president was held on 24 October with the presence of 114 deputies. In the first (and only) round, Moawad received 39 votes, while 50 blank ballots were registered, and 10 votes for Issam Khalifeh, a reputable academic nominated by a number of pro-Change MPs. A number of MPs voted "New Lebanon" as in the previous session, while <a href="/wiki/Jamil_Al_Sayyed" title="Jamil Al Sayyed">Jamil Al Sayyed</a> wrote "My Condolences" on his ballot paper. As per the previous sessions, quorum was lost before a second round could be held.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">First session<sup id="cite_ref-:4_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="4">Second session<sup id="cite_ref-:72_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5">Third session<sup id="cite_ref-JPOST3_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPOST3-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5">Fourth session<sup id="cite_ref-:14_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">29 September </th> <th colspan="4">13 October </th> <th colspan="5">20 October </th> <th colspan="5">24 October </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td>36 </td> <td>76.60 </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="2"><i>No quorum</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td>42 </td> <td>97.67 </td> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td>39 </td> <td>79.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Edd%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Salim Eddé">Salim Eddé</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>23.40 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td>Milad Abou Malhab </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2.33 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td>Issam Khalifeh </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>20.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Valid votes </td> <td>47 </td> <td>38.52 </td> <td colspan="2">Valid votes </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td colspan="3">Valid votes </td> <td>43 </td> <td>36.13 </td> <td colspan="3">Valid votes </td> <td>49 </td> <td>42.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Blank votes </td> <td>63 </td> <td>51.64 </td> <td colspan="2">Blank votes </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td colspan="3">Blank votes </td> <td>55 </td> <td>46.22 </td> <td colspan="3">Blank votes </td> <td>50 </td> <td>43.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Invalid votes </td> <td>12 </td> <td>9.84 </td> <td colspan="2">Invalid votes </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td colspan="3">Invalid votes </td> <td>21 </td> <td>17.65 </td> <td colspan="3">Invalid votes </td> <td>15 </td> <td>13.16 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>122</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>Total</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>71</b> </td> <td colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>119</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>114</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>95.31 </td> <td colspan="2">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td colspan="2">128 </td> <td colspan="3">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>92.97 </td> <td colspan="3">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>89.06 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_vacuum">Power vacuum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Power vacuum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a> signed the government's resignation decree, a day before the end of his term, and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Najib_Mikati" title="Third Cabinet of Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati's government</a> remained in office in a caretaker capacity, which was unconstitutional since it went against Aoun's request for the cabinet's step-down after numerous attempts failed to form a new cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Aoun's six-year term expired on 31 October 2022, with no successor designated, similarly to his predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_2022-10_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP_2022-10-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_session">Fifth session</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Fifth session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fifth session to elect a president was held on 10 November with the presence of 108 deputies. In the first (and only) round, Moawad received 44 votes, while 47 blank ballots were registered, 6 votes for Issam Khalifeh, a reputable academic nominated by a number of pro-Change MPs, 1 vote for former Minister Ziyad Baroud from Deputy Speaker <a href="/wiki/Elias_Bou_Saab" title="Elias Bou Saab">Elias Bou Saab</a> and 1 vote for Ziad Hayek from Elias Jaradeh. 7 MPs voted "New Lebanon" as in the previous session, while Zgharta MP Michel Douaihy wrote "Plan B" on his ballot paper and one vote went "For Lebanon". As per the previous sessions, quorum was lost before a second round could be held.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">First Round<sup id="cite_ref-:3_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td>44 </td> <td>84.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Issam Khalifeh </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>11.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziad_Hayek" title="Ziad Hayek">Ziad Hayek</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Valid votes </td> <td>52 </td> <td>48.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Blank votes </td> <td>47 </td> <td>43.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Invalid votes </td> <td>9 </td> <td>9.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>108</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>84.38 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_session">Sixth session</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Sixth session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sixth session to elect a president was held on 17 November with the presence of 112 deputies. In the first (and only) round, Moawad received 43 votes, while 46 blank ballots were registered, 7 votes for Issam Khalifeh, 1 vote for former Minister Ziyad Baroud, 1 vote for MP Michel Daher and 1 vote for Suleiman Frangieh Jr. 9 MPs voted "New Lebanon" while 2 ballots were cancelled. As per the previous sessions, quorum was lost before a second round could be held, a seventh session was scheduled for Thursday 24 November.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">First Round<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>78.18 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Issam Khalifeh </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>12.73 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>5.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#02CB00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh_(politician,_born_1965)" title="Suleiman Frangieh (politician, born 1965)">Suleiman Frangieh</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Marada_Movement" title="Marada Movement">Marada</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Daher" title="Michel Daher">Michel Daher</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Valid votes </td> <td>55 </td> <td>49.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Blank votes </td> <td>46 </td> <td>41.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Invalid votes </td> <td>11 </td> <td>9.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>112</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>87.50 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_to_eleventh_session">Seventh to eleventh session</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Seventh to eleventh session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No significant developments occurred between the seventh to eleventh sessions to elect a president. No candidate obtained a majority in the first rounds of the voting. As per the previous sessions, quorum was lost before a second round could be held.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tenth session to elect a president was held on 15 December 2022. No candidate obtained a majority in the first round. The next session, scheduled for 12 January 2023, was postponed by the speaker due to the death of <a href="/wiki/Hussein_El-Husseini" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein El-Husseini">Hussein El-Husseini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eleventh session to elect a president was held on 19 January 2023. No candidate obtained a majority in the first round. As per the previous sessions, quorum was lost before a second round could be held. After the election two MPs from the <a href="/wiki/Forces_of_Change" title="Forces of Change">Change Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Najat_A._Saliba" title="Najat A. Saliba">Najat A. Saliba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melhem_Khalaf" title="Melhem Khalaf">Melhem Khalaf</a>, locked themselves in parliament in protest.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Seventh session<sup id="cite_ref-:4_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="4">Eighth session<sup id="cite_ref-:72_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5">Ninth session<sup id="cite_ref-JPOST3_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPOST3-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5">Tenth session<sup id="cite_ref-:14_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5">Eleventh session<sup id="cite_ref-:15_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">24 November </th> <th colspan="4">1 December </th> <th colspan="5">8 December </th> <th colspan="5">15 December </th> <th colspan="5">19 January </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td align="left">42 </td> <td align="left">82.35 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td align="left">37 </td> <td align="left">82.22 </td> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td align="left">39 </td> <td align="left">78.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td align="left">38 </td> <td align="left">73.08 </td> <td bgcolor="#DA2125"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Moawad" title="Michel Moawad">Michel Moawad</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)" title="Independence Movement (Lebanon)">IM</a> </td> <td align="left">34 </td> <td align="left">75.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Issam Khalifeh </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">6 </td> <td align="left">11.76 </td> <td align="left">Issam Khalifeh </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">4 </td> <td align="left">8.88 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Issam Khalifeh </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">5 </td> <td align="left">10.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Issam Khalifeh </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">8 </td> <td align="left">15.38 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Issam Khalifeh </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">7 </td> <td align="left">15.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">2 </td> <td align="left">3.92 </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">2 </td> <td align="left">4.44 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Bedri Daher </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">3 </td> <td align="left">6.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">2 </td> <td align="left">3.85 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">2 </td> <td align="left">4.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Bedri Daher </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">1.96 </td> <td align="left">Bedri Daher </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">2.22 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">2.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Salah Honein </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">2 </td> <td align="left">3.85 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Salah Honein </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">2.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" rowspan="2"> </td> <td align="left">Bechara Abi Younes </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">2.22 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Milad Abou Malhab </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">2.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Milad Abou Malhab </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">1.92 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Milad Abou Malhab </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">2.22 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Salah Honein </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">2.00 </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Chafic Merhi </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td align="left">1 </td> <td align="left">1.92 </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="24"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Valid votes </td> <td>51 </td> <td>46.36 </td> <td colspan="2">Valid votes </td> <td>45 </td> <td>40.54 </td> <td colspan="3">Valid votes </td> <td>50 </td> <td>47.62 </td> <td colspan="3">Valid votes </td> <td>52 </td> <td>47.71 </td> <td colspan="3">Valid votes </td> <td>45 </td> <td>40.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Blank votes </td> <td>50 </td> <td>45.45 </td> <td colspan="2">Blank votes </td> <td>52 </td> <td>46.84 </td> <td colspan="3">Blank votes </td> <td>39 </td> <td>37.14 </td> <td colspan="3">Blank votes </td> <td>37 </td> <td>33.94 </td> <td colspan="3">Blank votes </td> <td>37 </td> <td>33.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Invalid votes </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8.18 </td> <td colspan="2">Invalid votes </td> <td>14 </td> <td>12.61 </td> <td colspan="3">Invalid votes </td> <td>16 </td> <td>15.24 </td> <td colspan="3">Invalid votes </td> <td>20 </td> <td>18.35 </td> <td colspan="3">Invalid votes </td> <td>29 </td> <td>26.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>110</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>111</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>105</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>109</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td> <td colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>111</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>85.93 </td> <td colspan="2">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>86.71 </td> <td colspan="3">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>82.03 </td> <td colspan="3">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>85.16 </td> <td colspan="3">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>86.72 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standoff_and_foreign_delegation">Standoff and foreign delegation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Standoff and foreign delegation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the eleventh electoral session, Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a> announced he would hold off of calling a twelfth session to elect a president unless he sees what he deems as "a sort of agreement" on a candidate. In response, Change MPs, joined by multiple parties, called for consecutive and successive ballots to be held until a president is chosen. Two reformist deputies, <a href="/wiki/Melhem_Khalaf" title="Melhem Khalaf">Melhem Khalaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Najat_A._Saliba" title="Najat A. Saliba">Najat Saliba</a>, staged a sit-in in the Chamber of Deputies until a new session is held and remained there until the election of Joseph Aoun.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early June, the United States declared that it was thinking about imposing sanctions on individuals who had interfered with the election. Speaker Nabih Berri, who hadn't summoned a session since January, may have been referenced in this statement. Berri released a statement the next day in which he absolved himself of all blame for the obstruction. The international community has urged Lebanon to pick a new president and carry out the reforms necessary to secure a financial bailout arrangement on numerous occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023 officials from France, the United States, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Egypt met in Paris to discuss the presidential vacancy and political impasse that followed.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The five came to be known as the "quintet".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 7 June 2023, French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> named <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Jean-Yves Le Drian</a> as his personal envoy for Lebanon to end the political deadlock.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal Movement</a> have announced their endorsement for <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh_(politician,_born_1965)" title="Suleiman Frangieh (politician, born 1965)">Suleiman Frangieh</a> in the upcoming ballots. In parallel, an initiative led by independent MP <a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Skaff" title="Ghassan Skaff">Ghassan Skaff</a> culminated in talks between opposition parties, taking advantage of the growing rift between the <a href="/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement" title="Free Patriotic Movement">Free Patriotic Movement</a> and Hezbollah and the warming of Syrian-Gulf diplomatic relations. With the support of Maronite Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Bechara_Boutros_al-Rahi" title="Bechara Boutros al-Rahi">Bechara Boutros al-Rahi</a>, it was announced in late May 2023 that the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb</a>, the FPM and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party" title="Progressive Socialist Party">PSP</a> had agreed to endorse the candidacy of IMF economist and former Minister of Finance <a href="/wiki/Jihad_Azour" title="Jihad Azour">Jihad Azour</a> for the role of president.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twelfth_session">Twelfth session</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Twelfth session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The twelfth session to elect a president was held on 14 June 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> No candidate obtained a majority in the first round. As per the previous sessions, quorum was lost before a second round could be held after only 81 MPs remained in the room. However, Nabih Berri's choice of not conducting a second round was controversial since there had been a greater consensus between the MPs unlike the sessions before. It was also argued by numerous MPs that the round should have been cancelled or ballots recounted since the votes cast did not match the MPs present in the session.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In that round, economist <a href="/wiki/Jihad_Azour" title="Jihad Azour">Jihad Azour</a> received 60 votes, 51 votes for <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh_(politician,_born_1965)" title="Suleiman Frangieh (politician, born 1965)">Suleiman Frangieh</a>, 6 votes for former Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a>, 1 vote for military general <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a> and 1 blank vote. 8 MPs voted "New Lebanon" while 1 ballot for controversial businessman and contractor Jihad Al Arab was cancelled as he is a Sunni Muslim. Finally, 1 ballot was counted as lost,<sup id="cite_ref-:5_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> before being counted to Jihad Azour.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">First Round<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Azour" title="Jihad Azour">Jihad Azour</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>60 </td> <td>46.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#02CB00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh_(politician,_born_1965)" title="Suleiman Frangieh (politician, born 1965)">Suleiman Franjieh Jr.</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Marada_Movement" title="Marada Movement">Marada</a> </td> <td>51 </td> <td>39.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ziyad_Baroud" title="Ziyad Baroud">Ziyad Baroud</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Ind.</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.78 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Valid votes </td> <td>118 </td> <td>92.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Blank votes </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.78 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Invalid votes </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>128</b> </td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2023, <i><a href="/wiki/Naharnet" title="Naharnet">Naharnet</a></i> reported that Qatar and the United States supported Aoun.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In an interview Aoun said, "I don't care about [his candidacy], it doesn't concern me, no one has discussed it with me and I haven't discussed it with anyone".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nabih Berri and Hezbollah nominated Georges Khoury, former ambassador to the Holy See, as a secondary option to <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_Frangieh_(politician,_born_1965)" title="Suleiman Frangieh (politician, born 1965)">Suleiman Frangieh</a>. This was also reportedly proposed by Qatari mediation officials and even <a href="/wiki/Najib_Mikati" title="Najib Mikati">Najib Mikati</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Leaders of the main opposition Christian Blocs, Samir Geagea and Sami Gemayel, reacted with refusal to negotiate with Hezbollah unless they let go of their primary candidate Frangieh.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nabih Berri called at the start of September 2024 for renewed Presidential elections.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Announcements_of_candidacy">Announcements of candidacy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Announcements of candidacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12 December, Frem officially declared his presidential candidacy; he proposed various reforms, and to implement the <a href="/wiki/Taif_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Taif agreement">Taif agreement</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701">UN Resolution 1701</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On the same day, Geagea said he was prepared to stand given sufficient support.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aoun_endorsements">Aoun endorsements</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: Aoun endorsements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 18 December, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Gathering_(Lebanon)" title="Democratic Gathering (Lebanon)">Democratic Gathering</a> bloc, led by the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party" title="Progressive Socialist Party">Progressive Socialist Party</a>, which previously supported Azour, announced that it would support Aoun.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Former PSP leader <a href="/wiki/Walid_Jumblat" class="mw-redirect" title="Walid Jumblat">Walid Jumblat</a> reportedly tried to convince Parliament Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Development_and_Liberation" title="Development and Liberation">his bloc</a> to support Aoun.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 7 January, Jumblat restated the PSP's support for Aoun.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jumblat said that the a president should be selected in the first round of voting, before Trump's accession to office. </p><p>On 6 and 8 January, Frem and other "centrist" MPs, some of whom were formerly members of the FPM, said they would support Aoun if a consensus were reached on his election.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Frem said he would continue his campaign if Aoun were not elected.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Moderation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Moderation">National Moderation</a> bloc<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Frangieh (who withdrew)<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> also said they would support Aoun. On the same day, Berri's Amal said it would support Aoun if there were a majority in his favour.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ayoub Hamid, a member of Amal, said that "in principle" Amal and Hezbollah had a common position.<sup id="cite_ref-critical-hours_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critical-hours-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hezbollah had earlier said it would not veto Aoun's election.<sup id="cite_ref-hezb-veto_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hezb-veto-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 January, Geagea said that Hezbollah was the main obstacle to Aoun's election, and that if they were to propose him, the Lebanese Forces would seriously consider his candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 8 January, <i><a href="/wiki/An-Nahar" title="An-Nahar">An-Nahar</a></i> reported that the Lebanese Forces appeared likely to support Aoun following a meeting between Aoun and Geagea.<sup id="cite_ref-critical-hours_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critical-hours-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to the same report, the Kataeb party and numerous independents associated with the <a href="/wiki/17_October_Revolution" title="17 October Revolution">17 October Revolution</a> were also likely to support Aoun. On 9 January, opposition groups including the Kataeb party, the Renewal bloc, and the Lebanese Forces issued a joint statement in support of Aoun.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hezbollah_and_allies;_international_pressure"><span id="Hezbollah_and_allies.3B_international_pressure"></span>Hezbollah and allies; international pressure</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: Hezbollah and allies; international pressure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">fall of the Assad regime</a>, rebel leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Julani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Mohammad al-Julani">Abu Mohammad al-Jolani</a> stated that Syria would no longer intervene in Lebanese affairs as Assad had, and would support Aoun if elected.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 16 December, Frangieh appeared to indicate his effective withdrawal; he admitted that his chances of success had weakened, which <i>L'Orient–Le Jour</i> interpreted as an allusion to the fall of Assad, and said he was open to any other appropriate candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 December 2024, five Sunni allies of Hezbollah indicated they would not support Frangieh and said they would support a compromise candidate of their own choosing.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 January, <a href="/wiki/Wafiq_Safa" title="Wafiq Safa">Wafiq Safa</a>, head of Hezbollah's liaison unit, said "we have already said we have no veto", and that "our only veto is against...Geagea", whose election would lead to "discord and destruction"; he also confirmed that Hezbollah would not veto Aoun.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A spokesman for the Lebanese Forces denounced the remarks and called for Safa's arrest and prosecution.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 December, <i>L'Orient–Le Jour</i> reported that after Jumblat's announcement of his support for Aoun, the FPM opposed his candidacy, and intended to publicly reject in the name of "Christian rights".<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 31 December, Bassil, asked to choose between Aoun, Frangieh, and Geagea, said Geagea commanded popular support.<sup id="cite_ref-hezb-veto_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hezb-veto-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saudi Arabia had openly supported Aoun's candidacy in a meeting with Berri, who responded that there was no consensus in his favour. <a href="/wiki/Amos_Hochstein" title="Amos Hochstein">Amos Hochstein</a> visited Saudi Arabia and Qatar to confirm the unified support of the quintet for Aoun, before unambiguously indicating so, and visiting Berri at his headquarters in Ain el Tineh. Bassil also met Berri, and suggested Azour, the opposition's previous candidate, on the basis that nobody could oppose him; Berri proposed instead to wait to determine the level and direction of American pressure. Negotiators were also discussing whether the election of Aoun could be linked to guarantees to Iran, including freedom of movement for Hezbollah officials, a guarantee of its political influence, and the diminishing of military pressure on Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a further report, members of the quintet including Saudi, American, and French envoys threatened that Lebanon would not receive any aid or attention unless Aoun were elected; Hezbollah, Amal, and the FPM sought to agree an alternative consensus candidate, but failed to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thirteenth_session">Thirteenth session</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: Thirteenth session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following a ceasefire with Israel, Berri announced that parliament would convene to elect a president on 9 January 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This was the first session since Hezbollah was greatly weakened in <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">its conflict with Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">fall of the Assad regime</a> in Syria; both events influenced the political situation in Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Before the vote began, his election was heavily criticized by some opposition members who argued that the Lebanese constitution bars a sitting army commander from being elected president, though the ban has been waived multiple times, which prompted some MPs to cast <a href="/wiki/Protest_vote" title="Protest vote">protest votes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first round, Joseph Aoun received 71 votes and jurist <a href="/wiki/Chibli_Mallat" title="Chibli Mallat">Chibli Mallat</a> received two votes (reportedly from <a href="/wiki/Melhem_Khalaf" title="Melhem Khalaf">Melhem Khalaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osama_Saad" title="Osama Saad">Osama Saad</a>). Eighteen votes were invalid, including 14 MPs who cast a <a href="/wiki/Protest_vote" title="Protest vote">protest ballot</a> for "Sovereignty and the Constitution" and 1 MP who voted for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> (who is not eligible because he is neither a Lebanese citizen nor a Maronite Christian).<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 37 other MPs voted blank. Berri adjourned the session for two hours before the second round; in the first round 86 votes are needed to win, but in later rounds only 65.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hezbollah and Amal voted for Aoun in the second round. Aoun ended up winning with 99 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">First round<sup id="cite_ref-:12_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5">Second round<sup id="cite_ref-:13_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th colspan="2">Candidate </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a> </td> <td align="left">Independent </td> <td>71 </td> <td>55.47% </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a> </td> <td align="left">Independent </td> <td>99 </td> <td>77.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chibli_Mallat" title="Chibli Mallat">Chibli Mallat</a> </td> <td align="left">Independent </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1.56% </td> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chibli_Mallat" title="Chibli Mallat">Chibli Mallat</a> </td> <td align="left">Independent </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1.56% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Valid votes </td> <td>73 </td> <td>57.03% </td> <td colspan="3">Valid votes </td> <td>101 </td> <td>78.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Blank votes </td> <td>37 </td> <td>28.9% </td> <td colspan="3">Blank votes </td> <td>9 </td> <td>7.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Invalid votes </td> <td>18 </td> <td>14.06% </td> <td colspan="3">Invalid votes </td> <td>18 </td> <td>14.06% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>128</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td> <td colspan="3"><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>128</b> </td> <td><b>100%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>100% </td> <td colspan="3">Eligible voters/turnout </td> <td>128 </td> <td>100% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election" title="2022 Lebanese general election">2022 Lebanese general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Speaker_of_the_Lebanese_Parliament_election" title="2022 Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament election">2022 Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_liquidity_crisis" title="Lebanese liquidity crisis">Lebanese liquidity crisis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aoun is an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanese Armed Forces</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E2%80%932025_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Statista&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+%E2%88%92+national+debt+2020&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F531701%2Fnational-debt-of-lebanon%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/lebanon">"Lebanon: Events of 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i>. 15 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230523150353/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2021/country-chapters/lebanon">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon%3A+Events+of+2020&amp;rft.date=2020-12-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fworld-report%2F2021%2Fcountry-chapters%2Flebanon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letemps.ch/economie/libanais-ne-decolerent">"Les Libanais ne décolèrent pas"</a> &#91;The Lebanese aren't giving up&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Temps" title="Le Temps">Le Temps</a></i> (in French). 13 June 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1423-3967">1423-3967</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205191624/https://www.letemps.ch/economie/libanais-ne-decolerent">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Temps&amp;rft.atitle=Les+Libanais+ne+d%C3%A9col%C3%A8rent+pas&amp;rft.date=2020-06-13&amp;rft.issn=1423-3967&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.letemps.ch%2Feconomie%2Flibanais-ne-decolerent&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlotte2021" class="citation news cs1">Charlotte, Wilkins (31 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20210731-they-have-to-pay-for-what-they-did-families-of-beirut-blast-victims-fight-for-justice">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'They have to pay for what they did': Families of Beirut blast victims fight for justice"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404042047/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20210731-they-have-to-pay-for-what-they-did-families-of-beirut-blast-victims-fight-for-justice">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=France+24&amp;rft.atitle=%27They+have+to+pay+for+what+they+did%27%3A+Families+of+Beirut+blast+victims+fight+for+justice&amp;rft.date=2021-07-31&amp;rft.aulast=Charlotte&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilkins&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20210731-they-have-to-pay-for-what-they-did-families-of-beirut-blast-victims-fight-for-justice&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53720383">"Beirut explosion: Lebanon's government 'to resign' as death toll rises"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 10 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210910135142/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53720383">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Beirut+explosion%3A+Lebanon%27s+government+%27to+resign%27+as+death+toll+rises&amp;rft.date=2020-08-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-53720383&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramzy-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramzy_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin_Ramzy2020" class="citation web cs1">Austin Ramzy (5 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/05/world/middleeast/beirut-explosion-what-happened.html">"What We Know and Don't Know About the Beirut Explosions"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813034409/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/05/world/middleeast/beirut-explosion-what-happened.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=What+We+Know+and+Don%27t+Know+About+the+Beirut+Explosions&amp;rft.date=2020-08-05&amp;rft.au=Austin+Ramzy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F08%2F05%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fbeirut-explosion-what-happened.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seismo.berkeley.edu/blog/2020/08/06/an-explosion-in-beirut-heard-all-over-the-middle-east.html">"An Explosion in Beirut heard all over the Middle East"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Seismological_Laboratory" title="Berkeley Seismological Laboratory">Berkeley Seismology Lab</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+National&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+Prime+Minister+Hassan+Diab+to+submit+resignation+following+Beirut+blast&amp;rft.date=2020-08-11&amp;rft.aulast=Cookman&amp;rft.aufirst=Liz&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fworld%2Fmena%2Flebanon-s-prime-minister-hassan-diab-to-submit-resignation-following-beirut-blast-1.1061864&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20220823-more-grain-silos-collapse-at-beirut-port-damaged-by-devastating-2020-blast">"More grain silos collapse at Beirut port, damaged by devastating 2020 blast"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a></i>. 23 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230615183740/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20220823-more-grain-silos-collapse-at-beirut-port-damaged-by-devastating-2020-blast">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=France+24&amp;rft.atitle=More+grain+silos+collapse+at+Beirut+port%2C+damaged+by+devastating+2020+blast&amp;rft.date=2022-08-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20220823-more-grain-silos-collapse-at-beirut-port-damaged-by-devastating-2020-blast&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChehayeb2022" class="citation news cs1">Chehayeb, Kareem (19 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/19/what-stands-next-for-lebanon-after-key-elections">"After elections in Lebanon, does political change stand a chance?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220519054525/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/19/what-stands-next-for-lebanon-after-key-elections">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&amp;rft.atitle=After+elections+in+Lebanon%2C+does+political+change+stand+a+chance%3F&amp;rft.date=2022-05-19&amp;rft.aulast=Chehayeb&amp;rft.aufirst=Kareem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F5%2F19%2Fwhat-stands-next-for-lebanon-after-key-elections&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChehayeb2022" class="citation news cs1">Chehayeb, Kareem (17 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/16/hezbollah-allies-projected-to-lose-seats-lebanese-parliamentary-elections">"Hezbollah allies projected to suffer losses in Lebanon elections"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221005034800/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/16/hezbollah-allies-projected-to-lose-seats-lebanese-parliamentary-elections">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&amp;rft.atitle=Hezbollah+allies+projected+to+suffer+losses+in+Lebanon+elections&amp;rft.date=2022-05-17&amp;rft.aulast=Chehayeb&amp;rft.aufirst=Kareem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F5%2F16%2Fhezbollah-allies-projected-to-lose-seats-lebanese-parliamentary-elections&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChehayeb2022" class="citation news cs1">Chehayeb, Kareem (4 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/4/lebanon-sunni-vote">"Hariri's absence leaves Sunni voters unsure ahead of Lebanon poll"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220528120724/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/4/lebanon-sunni-vote">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&amp;rft.atitle=Hariri%27s+absence+leaves+Sunni+voters+unsure+ahead+of+Lebanon+poll&amp;rft.date=2022-05-04&amp;rft.aulast=Chehayeb&amp;rft.aufirst=Kareem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F5%2F4%2Flebanon-sunni-vote&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Jerusalem_Post2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Jerusalem_Post2_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBobLaznik2024" class="citation web cs1">Bob, Yonah Jeremy; Laznik, Jacob (17 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-820536">"Pager detonations wound thousands, majority Hezbollah members, in suspected cyberattack"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240920073944/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-820536">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Pager+detonations+wound+thousands%2C+majority+Hezbollah+members%2C+in+suspected+cyberattack&amp;rft.date=2024-09-17&amp;rft.aulast=Bob&amp;rft.aufirst=Yonah+Jeremy&amp;rft.au=Laznik%2C+Jacob&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-820536&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aj2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aj2_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aj2_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/hezbollah-fires-on-israel-after-several-members-killed-in-shelling">"Hezbollah fires on Israel after several members killed in shelling"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jazeera">Al-Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615150157/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/hezbollah-fires-on-israel-after-several-members-killed-in-shelling">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&amp;rft.atitle=Hezbollah+fires+on+Israel+after+several+members+killed+in+shelling&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F9%2Fhezbollah-fires-on-israel-after-several-members-killed-in-shelling&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hezbollah_bombards_Israeli-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hezbollah_bombards_Israeli_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hezbollah_bombards_Israeli_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-chebaa-farms-gaza-rocket-attack-cd7b26f890bf4cae32491721506ec0a1">"Hezbollah bombards Israeli positions in disputed area along border with Syria's Golan Heights"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 8 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241003022755/https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-chebaa-farms-gaza-rocket-attack-cd7b26f890bf4cae32491721506ec0a1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AP+News&amp;rft.atitle=Hezbollah+bombards+Israeli+positions+in+disputed+area+along+border+with+Syria%27s+Golan+Heights&amp;rft.date=2023-10-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flebanon-israel-chebaa-farms-gaza-rocket-attack-cd7b26f890bf4cae32491721506ec0a1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNashed" class="citation web cs1">Nashed, Mat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/30/could-rival-lebanese-factions-exploit-a-weakened-hezbollah">"Could rival Lebanese factions exploit a weakened Hezbollah?"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&amp;rft.atitle=Could+rival+Lebanese+factions+exploit+a+weakened+Hezbollah%3F&amp;rft.aulast=Nashed&amp;rft.aufirst=Mat&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F9%2F30%2Fcould-rival-lebanese-factions-exploit-a-weakened-hezbollah&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDC_(ACW)2025" class="citation web cs1">DC (ACW), Arab Center Washington (7 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/hezbollahs-likely-demise-and-lebanons-uncertain-future/">"Hezbollah's Likely Demise and Lebanon's Uncertain Future"</a>. <i>Arab Center Washington DC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241227105728/https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/hezbollahs-likely-demise-and-lebanons-uncertain-future/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Arab+Center+Washington+DC&amp;rft.atitle=Hezbollah%27s+Likely+Demise+and+Lebanon%27s+Uncertain+Future&amp;rft.date=2025-01-07&amp;rft.aulast=DC+%28ACW%29&amp;rft.aufirst=Arab+Center+Washington&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farabcenterdc.org%2Fresource%2Fhezbollahs-likely-demise-and-lebanons-uncertain-future%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1439897/jolani-if-it-is-the-will-of-the-lebanese-we-will-support-joseph-aoun-for-president.html">"Jolani: If it is the will of the Lebanese, we will support Joseph Aoun for president"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 15 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241215154818/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1439897/jolani-if-it-is-the-will-of-the-lebanese-we-will-support-joseph-aoun-for-president.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Jolani%3A+If+it+is+the+will+of+the+Lebanese%2C+we+will+support+Joseph+Aoun+for+president&amp;rft.date=2024-12-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1439897%2Fjolani-if-it-is-the-will-of-the-lebanese-we-will-support-joseph-aoun-for-president.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/lebanon/7929.htm#:~:text=The%20president%20is%20to%20be,,%20a%20Shi&#39;a%20Muslim.">"Lebanon (01/94)"</a>. <i>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State">Department of State</a></i>. January 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220214/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/lebanon/7929.htm#:~:text=The%20president%20is%20to%20be,,%20a%20Shi&#39;a%20Muslim.">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+%2801%2F94%29&amp;rft.date=1994-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Flebanon%2F7929.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520president%2520is%2520to%2520be%2C%2C%2520a%2520Shi%27a%2520Muslim.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Lebanese-National-Pact-1943">"Lebanese National Pact"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>. 5 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220215/https://www.britannica.com/event/Lebanese-National-Pact-1943">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanese+National+Pact&amp;rft.date=2019-11-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FLebanese-National-Pact-1943&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChemaly2022" class="citation web cs1">Chemaly, Tarek (18 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.tarekchemaly.com/2022/08/bechara-abi-younes-goes-for.html">"Bechara Abi Younes goes for the presidential elections"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205071430/https://blog.tarekchemaly.com/2022/08/bechara-abi-younes-goes-for.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bechara+Abi+Younes+goes+for+the+presidential+elections&amp;rft.date=2022-08-18&amp;rft.aulast=Chemaly&amp;rft.aufirst=Tarek&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.tarekchemaly.com%2F2022%2F08%2Fbechara-abi-younes-goes-for.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtv.com.lb/News/1306178">"زياد حايك يُعلن ترشّحه لرئاسة الجمهورية: درب الرئاسة في لبنان أصعب من دول العالم وقرّرتُ عدم الالتزام بقواعد اللعبة لثقتي بأنه يجب أن نكسر التقليد بأنّ الرئيس لا يتقدّم من اللبنانيين بترشّحه"</a> &#91;Ziad Hayek announces his candidacy for the presidency: The path to the presidency in Lebanon is more difficult than in other countries, and I decided not to play by the rules of the game because I believe we must break the tradition that the Lebanese do not decide who should become president&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Lebanon)" title="MTV (Lebanon)">MTV</a></i> (in Arabic).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MTV&amp;rft.atitle=%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83+%D9%8A%D9%8F%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%91%D8%AD%D9%87+%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%B9%D8%A8+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85+%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8F+%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%87+%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8+%D8%A3%D9%86+%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%91+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D9%84%D8%A7+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%91%D9%85+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%91%D8%AD%D9%87&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com.lb%2FNews%2F1306178&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChehayeb" class="citation news cs1">Chehayeb, Kareem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/lebanon-presidential-candidate-anti-hezbollah-platform-88994756">"Lebanon presidential candidate backs anti-Hezbollah platform"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220214/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/lebanon-presidential-candidate-anti-hezbollah-platform-88994756">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=ABC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+presidential+candidate+backs+anti-Hezbollah+platform&amp;rft.aulast=Chehayeb&amp;rft.aufirst=Kareem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Flebanon-presidential-candidate-anti-hezbollah-platform-88994756&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/08/29/Chamoun-granddaughter-launches-bid-for-Lebanon-presidency">"Chamoun granddaughter launches bid for Lebanon presidency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a> News</i>. 29 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220217/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/08/29/Chamoun-granddaughter-launches-bid-for-Lebanon-presidency">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+News&amp;rft.atitle=Chamoun+granddaughter+launches+bid+for+Lebanon+presidency&amp;rft.date=2022-08-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2022%2F08%2F29%2FChamoun-granddaughter-launches-bid-for-Lebanon-presidency&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtv.com.lb/News/1307151">"مرشّحة بشبكة علاقات عالمية... هل تُصبح أوّل رئيسة للبنان؟"</a> &#91;A candidate with a global network: will she become Lebanon's first female president?&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/MTV_(Lebanon)" title="MTV (Lebanon)">MTV</a></i> (in Arabic). 31 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250116133512/https://www.mtv.com.lb/News/1307151">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=MTV&amp;rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%91%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9...+%D9%87%D9%84+%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD+%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%91%D9%84+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%9F&amp;rft.date=2022-08-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com.lb%2FNews%2F1307151&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annahar.com/arabic/section/76-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/27092022072842687">"الياس الطويلة مرشح جديد لرئاسة الجمهورية"</a> &#91;Elias Tawila: a new candidate for the presidency of the republic&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/An-Nahar" title="An-Nahar">An-Nahar</a></i> (in Arabic). 28 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220216/https://www.annahar.com/arabic/section/76-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/27092022072842687">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=An-Nahar&amp;rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD+%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;rft.date=2022-09-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annahar.com%2Farabic%2Fsection%2F76-%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9%2F27092022072842687&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elnashra.com/news/show/1590346/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9">"سايد بطرس فرنجية: أعلن ترشيحي لمنصب رئاسة الجمهورية اللبنانية بطلب وتمني الدول الكبرى"</a> &#91;Sayed Boutros Frangieh: I announce my candidacy for the presidency of the Lebanese Republic at the request of the major international players&#93;. <i>El-Nashra</i>. 16 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220216/https://www.elnashra.com/news/show/1590346/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=El-Nashra&amp;rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B3+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A8+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8+%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89&amp;rft.date=2022-09-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnashra.com%2Fnews%2Fshow%2F1590346%2F%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3-%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A-%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon/668066/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%87-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82/ar">"ايلي يشوعي يعلن ترشحه للانتخابات الرئاسية: أنا مستقل سيد نفسي أرفض الارتهان والتبعية"</a> &#91;Elie Yachouei announces his candidacy for the presidential elections: I am an independent, self-made man who rejects dependence and dependency&#93;. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=LBCI_Lebanon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="LBCI Lebanon (page does not exist)">LBCI Lebanon</a></i> (in Arabic). 12 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620221718/https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon/668066/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%87-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82/ar">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=LBCI+Lebanon&amp;rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%87+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B6+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;rft.date=2022-10-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon%2F668066%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A-%25D9%258A%25D8%25B4%25D9%2588%25D8%25B9%25D9%258A-%25D9%258A%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AD%25D9%2587-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A3%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%2Far&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/297572-jumblat-says-mallat-best-candidate-slams-lf-fpm">"Jumblat says Mallat best candidate, slams LF, FPM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Naharnet" title="Naharnet">Naharnet</a></i>. 16 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230521142050/https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/297572-jumblat-says-mallat-best-candidate-slams-lf-fpm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Naharnet&amp;rft.atitle=Jumblat+says+Mallat+best+candidate%2C+slams+LF%2C+FPM&amp;rft.date=2023-05-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F297572-jumblat-says-mallat-best-candidate-slams-lf-fpm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aawsat.com/home/article/3792506/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%9F">"Who are the most prominent potential candidates for the Lebanese presidency?"</a>. <i>الشرق الأوسط</i> (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620234910/https://aawsat.com/home/article/3792506/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%9F">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7&amp;rft.atitle=Who+are+the+most+prominent+potential+candidates+for+the+Lebanese+presidency%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faawsat.com%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F3792506%2F%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D9%2587%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9%25D8%259F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/829139/mp-neemat-frem-if-joseph-aouns-election-is-not-attainable-i-will-conti/en">"MP Neemat Frem: If Joseph Aouns election is not attainable, I will continue my electoral battle"</a>. <i>LBCIV7</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=LBCIV7&amp;rft.atitle=MP+Neemat+Frem%3A+If+Joseph+Aouns+election+is+not+attainable%2C+I+will+continue+my+electoral+battle&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon-news%2F829139%2Fmp-neemat-frem-if-joseph-aouns-election-is-not-attainable-i-will-conti%2Fen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoubayed,_Sami2022" class="citation web cs1">Moubayed, Sami (21 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/wives-sons-grandsons-of-powerful-lebanese-christian-leaders-unite-against-aouns-son-in-law-bassil-1.87345714">"Wives, sons, grandsons of powerful Lebanese Christian leaders unite against Aoun's son-in-law Bassil"</a>. <i>gulfnews.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220222/https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/wives-sons-grandsons-of-powerful-lebanese-christian-leaders-unite-against-aouns-son-in-law-bassil-1.87345714">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=gulfnews.com&amp;rft.atitle=Wives%2C+sons%2C+grandsons+of+powerful+Lebanese+Christian+leaders+unite+against+Aoun%27s+son-in-law+Bassil&amp;rft.date=2022-04-21&amp;rft.au=Moubayed%2C+Sami&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fworld%2Fmena%2Fwives-sons-grandsons-of-powerful-lebanese-christian-leaders-unite-against-aouns-son-in-law-bassil-1.87345714&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrentis2022" class="citation web cs1">Prentis, Jamie (27 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/weekend/2022/05/27/lebanon-braces-for-a-drawn-out-battle-for-the-presidency-after-elections/">"Lebanon braces for a drawn-out battle for the presidency after elections"</a>. <i>The National</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220217/https://www.thenationalnews.com/weekend/2022/05/27/lebanon-braces-for-a-drawn-out-battle-for-the-presidency-after-elections/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+National&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+braces+for+a+drawn-out+battle+for+the+presidency+after+elections&amp;rft.date=2022-05-27&amp;rft.aulast=Prentis&amp;rft.aufirst=Jamie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fweekend%2F2022%2F05%2F27%2Flebanon-braces-for-a-drawn-out-battle-for-the-presidency-after-elections%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_45-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/296750">"Al-Rahi sends list of 15 presidential candidates to Shiite Duo, Jumblat"</a>. <i>Naharnet</i>. 5 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407195018/https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/296750-al-rahi-sends-list-of-15-presidential-candidates-to-shiite-duo-jumblat">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Naharnet&amp;rft.atitle=Al-Rahi+sends+list+of+15+presidential+candidates+to+Shiite+Duo%2C+Jumblat&amp;rft.date=2023-04-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F296750&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-presidentiables-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-presidentiables_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-presidentiables_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-presidentiables_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-presidentiables_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-presidentiables_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-presidentiables_46-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbi_Akl2024" class="citation news cs1">Abi Akl, Yara (19 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1439537/qui-succedera-a-michel-aoun-voici-la-liste-des-presidentiables.html">"Qui succédera à Michel Aoun&#160;? Voici la liste des présidentiables"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Qui+succ%C3%A9dera+%C3%A0+Michel+Aoun+%3F+Voici+la+liste+des+pr%C3%A9sidentiables&amp;rft.date=2024-12-19&amp;rft.aulast=Abi+Akl&amp;rft.aufirst=Yara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1439537%2Fqui-succedera-a-michel-aoun-voici-la-liste-des-presidentiables.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3762521/lebanon%E2%80%99s-geagea-voices-support-army-commander%E2%80%99s-presidential-nomination">"Lebanon's Geagea Voices Support for Army Commander's Presidential Nomination"</a>. <i>Asharq AL-awsat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620220224/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3762521/lebanon%E2%80%99s-geagea-voices-support-army-commander%E2%80%99s-presidential-nomination">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Asharq+AL-awsat&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+Geagea+Voices+Support+for+Army+Commander%27s+Presidential+Nomination&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aawsat.com%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F3762521%2Flebanon%25E2%2580%2599s-geagea-voices-support-army-commander%25E2%2580%2599s-presidential-nomination&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1321002/salah-honein-is-officially-a-candidate-for-president.html">"Salah Honein is officially a candidate for president"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 9 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241219151415/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1321002/salah-honein-is-officially-a-candidate-for-president.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Salah+Honein+is+officially+a+candidate+for+president&amp;rft.date=2022-12-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1321002%2Fsalah-honein-is-officially-a-candidate-for-president.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/296750">"Al-Rahi sends list of 15 presidential candidates to Shiite Duo, Jumblat"</a>. <i>Naharnet</i>. 5 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241219144711/https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/296750">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Naharnet&amp;rft.atitle=Al-Rahi+sends+list+of+15+presidential+candidates+to+Shiite+Duo%2C+Jumblat&amp;rft.date=2023-04-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F296750&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/309910-jumblat-tries-to-convince-berri-of-army-chief-and-other-presidential-developments">"Jumblat tries to convince Berri of Army chief, and other presidential developments"</a>. <i>Naharnet</i>. 18 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241219075023/https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/309910-jumblat-tries-to-convince-berri-of-army-chief-and-other-presidential-developments">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Naharnet&amp;rft.atitle=Jumblat+tries+to+convince+Berri+of+Army+chief%2C+and+other+presidential+developments&amp;rft.date=2024-12-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F309910-jumblat-tries-to-convince-berri-of-army-chief-and-other-presidential-developments&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljadeed.tv/news/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA/444207/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%91%D8%B9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-16-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B">"لائحة بكركي تتوسّع إلى 16 اسماً"</a>. <i>aljadeed</i>. 5 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230622231456/https://www.aljadeed.tv/news/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA/444207/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%91%D8%B9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-16-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=aljadeed&amp;rft.atitle=%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%91%D8%B9+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+16+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8B&amp;rft.date=2023-04-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljadeed.tv%2Fnews%2F%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2F444207%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1-%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D9%258A-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%2591%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25A5%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-16-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%258B&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1361115/baysari-a-too-consensus-candidate.html">"Is Bayssari too much of a consensus candidate?"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 15 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241219231837/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1361115/baysari-a-too-consensus-candidate.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Is+Bayssari+too+much+of+a+consensus+candidate%3F&amp;rft.date=2023-12-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1361115%2Fbaysari-a-too-consensus-candidate.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/lebanese-parliament-fails-to-elect-new-head-of-state-1.90923277">"Lebanese parliament fails to elect new head of state"</a>. <i>gulfnews.com</i>. 29 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183415/https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/lebanese-parliament-fails-to-elect-new-head-of-state-1.90923277">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=gulfnews.com&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanese+parliament+fails+to+elect+new+head+of+state&amp;rft.date=2022-09-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fworld%2Fmena%2Flebanese-parliament-fails-to-elect-new-head-of-state-1.90923277&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.fr/node/298536/ali-hamade">"Élection présidentielle: Le Liban mérite bien une renaissance"</a>. <i>www.arabnews.fr</i>. 7 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221010115151/https://www.arabnews.fr/node/298536/ali-hamade">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.arabnews.fr&amp;rft.atitle=%C3%89lection+pr%C3%A9sidentielle%3A+Le+Liban+m%C3%A9rite+bien+une+renaissance&amp;rft.date=2022-10-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.fr%2Fnode%2F298536%2Fali-hamade&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1314377/deuxieme-seance-du-parlement-pour-elire-un-nouveau-president-suivez-notre-direct.html">"La deuxième séance du Parlement pour élire un nouveau président levée faute de quorum&#160;: retrouvez notre direct"</a>. <i>www.lorientlejour.com</i>. 13 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018124228/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1314377/deuxieme-seance-du-parlement-pour-elire-un-nouveau-president-suivez-notre-direct.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.lorientlejour.com&amp;rft.atitle=La+deuxi%C3%A8me+s%C3%A9ance+du+Parlement+pour+%C3%A9lire+un+nouveau+pr%C3%A9sident+lev%C3%A9e+faute+de+quorum+%3A+retrouvez+notre+direct&amp;rft.date=2022-10-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1314377%2Fdeuxieme-seance-du-parlement-pour-elire-un-nouveau-president-suivez-notre-direct.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:72-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:72_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:72_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:72_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanese-parliament-session-elect-new-president-postponed-till-oct-20-2022-10-13/">"Lebanese parliament session to elect new president postponed till Oct 20"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 13 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013093234/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanese-parliament-session-elect-new-president-postponed-till-oct-20-2022-10-13/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanese+parliament+session+to+elect+new+president+postponed+till+Oct+20&amp;rft.date=2022-10-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Flebanese-parliament-session-elect-new-president-postponed-till-oct-20-2022-10-13%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeydoun2022" class="citation web cs1">Beydoun, Rolla (20 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icibeyrouth.com/liban/141030">"Présidentielle: Moawad progresse mais le blocage persiste"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401063731/https://icibeyrouth.com/liban/141030">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pr%C3%A9sidentielle%3A+Moawad+progresse+mais+le+blocage+persiste&amp;rft.date=2022-10-20&amp;rft.aulast=Beydoun&amp;rft.aufirst=Rolla&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficibeyrouth.com%2Fliban%2F141030&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPOST3-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPOST3_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPOST3_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPOST3_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-720115">"Lebanese parliament fails again to elect a president"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i>. 20 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614195757/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-720115">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanese+parliament+fails+again+to+elect+a+president&amp;rft.date=2022-10-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Farticle-720115&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1315579/pas-de-president-elu-a-lissue-de-la-4eme-seance-parlementaire.html">"Pas de président élu à l'issue de la 4ème séance parlementaire"</a>. 24 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128080552/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1315579/pas-de-president-elu-a-lissue-de-la-4eme-seance-parlementaire.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pas+de+pr%C3%A9sident+%C3%A9lu+%C3%A0+l%27issue+de+la+4%C3%A8me+s%C3%A9ance+parlementaire&amp;rft.date=2022-10-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1315579%2Fpas-de-president-elu-a-lissue-de-la-4eme-seance-parlementaire.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1313135/presidentielle-libanaise-le-recit-dun-premier-test-sans-surprise.html">"Présidentielle libanaise&#160;: qui a voté pour qui&#160;?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient-Le_Jour" class="mw-redirect" title="L&#39;Orient-Le Jour">L'Orient-Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 29 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410160429/http://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1313135/presidentielle-libanaise-le-recit-dun-premier-test-sans-surprise.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient-Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sidentielle+libanaise+%3A+qui+a+vot%C3%A9+pour+qui+%3F&amp;rft.date=2022-09-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1313135%2Fpresidentielle-libanaise-le-recit-dun-premier-test-sans-surprise.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lebanondebate.com/news/578563">"نتائج الدورة الأولى من الجلسة الرابعة لإنتخاب رئيس للجمهورية"</a>. <i>www.lebanondebate.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025170924/https://www.lebanondebate.com/news/578563">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.lebanondebate.com&amp;rft.atitle=%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AC+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebanondebate.com%2Fnews%2F578563&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/news/local/1319926/president-aoun-signs-decree-declaring-mikati-s-government-as-resigned">"President Aoun signs decree declaring Mikati's government as resigned"</a>. <i>MTV Lebanon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104162013/https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/news/local/1319926/president-aoun-signs-decree-declaring-mikati-s-government-as-resigned">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MTV+Lebanon&amp;rft.atitle=President+Aoun+signs+decree+declaring+Mikati%27s+government+as+resigned&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com.lb%2Fen%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F1319926%2Fpresident-aoun-signs-decree-declaring-mikati-s-government-as-resigned&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arab.news/nke48">"Aoun leaves Lebanon presidential palace in style as term ends"</a>. <i>Arab News</i>. 29 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221116221336/https://arab.news/nke48">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Arab+News&amp;rft.atitle=Aoun+leaves+Lebanon+presidential+palace+in+style+as+term+ends&amp;rft.date=2022-10-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farab.news%2Fnke48&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP_2022-10-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AP_2022-10_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-business-lebanon-beirut-310c89034067780d3810b7f04e5fbf9a">"Lebanon president leaves with no replacement, crisis deepens"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i>. 30 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101180705/http://apnews.com/article/middle-east-business-lebanon-beirut-310c89034067780d3810b7f04e5fbf9a">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+president+leaves+with+no+replacement%2C+crisis+deepens&amp;rft.date=2022-10-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmiddle-east-business-lebanon-beirut-310c89034067780d3810b7f04e5fbf9a&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGebeilyBassam2022" class="citation news cs1">Gebeily, Maya; Bassam, Laila (30 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/president-aoun-leaves-office-lebanons-crisis-worsens-2022-10-30/">"Aoun's presidency ends leaving power vacuum in crisis-hit Lebanon"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230523084416/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/president-aoun-leaves-office-lebanons-crisis-worsens-2022-10-30/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Aoun%27s+presidency+ends+leaving+power+vacuum+in+crisis-hit+Lebanon&amp;rft.date=2022-10-30&amp;rft.aulast=Gebeily&amp;rft.aufirst=Maya&amp;rft.au=Bassam%2C+Laila&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fpresident-aoun-leaves-office-lebanons-crisis-worsens-2022-10-30%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/672760/parliament-holds-fifth-presidential-election-sessi/en">"Parliament holds fifth presidential election session"</a>. 10 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112193602/https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/Lebanon-News/672760/parliament-holds-fifth-presidential-election-sessi/en">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Parliament+holds+fifth+presidential+election+session&amp;rft.date=2022-11-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon-news%2F672760%2Fparliament-holds-fifth-presidential-election-sessi%2Fen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1317519/le-parlement-echoue-pour-la-5e-fois-a-elire-un-nouveau-president-de-la-republique.html">"Le Parlement échoue pour la 5e fois à élire un nouveau président de la République"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient-Le_Jour" class="mw-redirect" title="L&#39;Orient-Le Jour">L'Orient-Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 10 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114022603/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1317519/le-parlement-echoue-pour-la-5e-fois-a-elire-un-nouveau-president-de-la-republique.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient-Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Le+Parlement+%C3%A9choue+pour+la+5e+fois+%C3%A0+%C3%A9lire+un+nouveau+pr%C3%A9sident+de+la+R%C3%A9publique&amp;rft.date=2022-11-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1317519%2Fle-parlement-echoue-pour-la-5e-fois-a-elire-un-nouveau-president-de-la-republique.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lebanondebate.com/news/580315">"نتائج الدورة الأولى من الجلسة الخامسة لإنتخاب رئيس للجمهورية"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221112181249/http://www.lebanondebate.com/news/580315">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AC+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebanondebate.com%2Fnews%2F580315&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/d/lebanon-news/673873/parliamentary-session-fails-to-elect-new-president/en">"Parliamentary session fails to elect new president"</a>. <i>LBC</i>. 17 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620225754/https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/d/lebanon-news/673873/parliamentary-session-fails-to-elect-new-president/en">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=LBC&amp;rft.atitle=Parliamentary+session+fails+to+elect+new+president&amp;rft.date=2022-11-17&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Fd%2Flebanon-news%2F673873%2Fparliamentary-session-fails-to-elect-new-president%2Fen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1318281/sixieme-seance-electorale-et-toujours-pas-de-president-elu.html">"Sixième séance électorale et toujours pas de président élu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient-Le_Jour" class="mw-redirect" title="L&#39;Orient-Le Jour">L'Orient-Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 17 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221117100557/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1318281/sixieme-seance-electorale-et-toujours-pas-de-president-elu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient-Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Sixi%C3%A8me+s%C3%A9ance+%C3%A9lectorale+et+toujours+pas+de+pr%C3%A9sident+%C3%A9lu&amp;rft.date=2022-11-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1318281%2Fsixieme-seance-electorale-et-toujours-pas-de-president-elu.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrentis" class="citation web cs1">Prentis, Jamie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/2022/11/24/lebanon-fails-to-elect-new-president-on-seventh-attempt/">"Lebanon fails to elect new president on seventh attempt"</a>. <i>The National</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250109154558/https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/2022/11/24/lebanon-fails-to-elect-new-president-on-seventh-attempt/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+National&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+fails+to+elect+new+president+on+seventh+attempt&amp;rft.aulast=Prentis&amp;rft.aufirst=Jamie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fmena%2Flebanon%2F2022%2F11%2F24%2Flebanon-fails-to-elect-new-president-on-seventh-attempt%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:11_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1320700/et-de-neuf-le-parlement-echoue-encore-a-elire-un-president.html">"Et de neuf: le Parlement échoue encore à élire un président"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient-Le_Jour" class="mw-redirect" title="L&#39;Orient-Le Jour">L'Orient-Le Jour</a></i>. 8 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205205209/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1320700/et-de-neuf-le-parlement-echoue-encore-a-elire-un-president.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient-Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Et+de+neuf%3A+le+Parlement+%C3%A9choue+encore+%C3%A0+%C3%A9lire+un+pr%C3%A9sident&amp;rft.date=2022-12-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1320700%2Fet-de-neuf-le-parlement-echoue-encore-a-elire-un-president.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/2230686/middle-east">"Al-Husseini, 'godfather' of Taif Agreement that ended Lebanon's civil war, dies"</a>. 11 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602173839/https://www.arabnews.com/node/2230686/middle-east">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Al-Husseini%2C+%27godfather%27+of+Taif+Agreement+that+ended+Lebanon%27s+civil+war%2C+dies&amp;rft.date=2023-01-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F2230686%2Fmiddle-east&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-64344481.amp">"Lebanon MP's sit in as 11th vote for President fails"</a>. 20 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201122733/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-64344481.amp">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+MP%27s+sit+in+as+11th+vote+for+President+fails&amp;rft.date=2023-01-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-64344481.amp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtv.com.lb/en/News/Local/1537623/photo--the-president-arrived--khalaf-left">"Photo: The President Arrived, Khalaf Left"</a>. <i>MTV Lebanon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MTV+Lebanon&amp;rft.atitle=Photo%3A+The+President+Arrived%2C+Khalaf+Left&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com.lb%2Fen%2FNews%2FLocal%2F1537623%2Fphoto--the-president-arrived--khalaf-left&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtallah2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Atallah, Nada Maucourant (1 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libnanews.com/les-etats-unis-appellent-de-plus-en-plus-a-des-sanctions-face-au-vide-de-leadership-du-liban/">"Les États-Unis appellent de plus en plus à des sanctions face au vide de leadership du Liban"</a>. <i>Libnanews, Le Média Citoyen du Liban</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621140541/https://libnanews.com/les-etats-unis-appellent-de-plus-en-plus-a-des-sanctions-face-au-vide-de-leadership-du-liban/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Libnanews%2C+Le+M%C3%A9dia+Citoyen+du+Liban&amp;rft.atitle=Les+%C3%89tats-Unis+appellent+de+plus+en+plus+%C3%A0+des+sanctions+face+au+vide+de+leadership+du+Liban&amp;rft.date=2023-06-01&amp;rft.aulast=Atallah&amp;rft.aufirst=Nada+Maucourant&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibnanews.com%2Fles-etats-unis-appellent-de-plus-en-plus-a-des-sanctions-face-au-vide-de-leadership-du-liban%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzpatrick2023" class="citation news cs1">Fitzpatrick, Michael (6 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20230206-paris-summit-hopes-to-lift-lebanon-out-of-political-paralysis">"Paris summit in effort to lift Lebanon out of political paralysis"</a>. <i>Radio France Internationale</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Radio+France+Internationale&amp;rft.atitle=Paris+summit+in+effort+to+lift+Lebanon+out+of+political+paralysis&amp;rft.date=2023-02-06&amp;rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2F20230206-paris-summit-hopes-to-lift-lebanon-out-of-political-paralysis&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mofa.gov.qa/en/qatar/latest-articles/latest-news/details/1444/12/30/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-spokesperson-hosting-quintet-group-meeting-on-lebanon-reflects-keenness-to-improve-country%27s-situation">"Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson: Hosting Quintet Group Meeting on Lebanon Reflects Keenness to Improve Country's Situation"</a>. <i>Ministry of Foreign Affairs, State of Qatar</i>. 18 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241117163522/https://mofa.gov.qa/en/qatar/latest-articles/latest-news/details/1444/12/30/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-spokesperson-hosting-quintet-group-meeting-on-lebanon-reflects-keenness-to-improve-country%27s-situation">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+State+of+Qatar&amp;rft.atitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+Spokesperson%3A+Hosting+Quintet+Group+Meeting+on+Lebanon+Reflects+Keenness+to+Improve+Country%27s+Situation&amp;rft.date=2023-07-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmofa.gov.qa%2Fen%2Fqatar%2Flatest-articles%2Flatest-news%2Fdetails%2F1444%2F12%2F30%2Fministry-of-foreign-affairs-spokesperson-hosting-quintet-group-meeting-on-lebanon-reflects-keenness-to-improve-country%2527s-situation&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Irish (22 June 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/macron-returns-former-minister-help-break-lebanon-deadlock-2023-06-07/">Macron returns to former minister to help break Lebanon deadlock</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926184315/https://www.reuters.com/world/macron-returns-former-minister-help-break-lebanon-deadlock-2023-06-07/">Archived</a> 26 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hélène Sallon (22 June 2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/politics/article/2023/06/22/former-french-foreign-minister-jean-yves-le-drian-takes-on-the-political-stalemate-in-lebanon_6034857_5.html">Former French foreign minister Le Drian takes on the Lebanese political stalemate</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/297886">"Report: Opposition, FPM to announce Azour nomination within 48 hours"</a>. <i>Naharnet</i>. 29 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601133539/https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/297886">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Naharnet&amp;rft.atitle=Report%3A+Opposition%2C+FPM+to+announce+Azour+nomination+within+48+hours&amp;rft.date=2023-05-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F297886&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1340035/eight-extra-votes-for-azour-with-psp-endorsement.html">"Eight extra votes for Azour with PSP endorsement"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 9 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230613115741/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1340035/eight-extra-votes-for-azour-with-psp-endorsement.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Eight+extra+votes+for+Azour+with+PSP+endorsement&amp;rft.date=2023-06-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1340035%2Feight-extra-votes-for-azour-with-psp-endorsement.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/2023/06/05/speaker-nabih-berri-calls-for-a-session-to-elect-lebanese-president-on-june-14/">"Speaker Nabih Berri calls for a session to elect Lebanese president on June 14"</a>. <i>thenationalnews</i>. 5 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230706011514/https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/2023/06/05/speaker-nabih-berri-calls-for-a-session-to-elect-lebanese-president-on-june-14/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=thenationalnews&amp;rft.atitle=Speaker+Nabih+Berri+calls+for+a+session+to+elect+Lebanese+president+on+June+14&amp;rft.date=2023-06-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fmena%2Flebanon%2F2023%2F06%2F05%2Fspeaker-nabih-berri-calls-for-a-session-to-elect-lebanese-president-on-june-14%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1340454/12th-presidential-session-follow-our-live-coverage-of-the-azour-frangieh-duel.html">"Still no president after 12th election attempt: Follow our live coverage"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 14 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230615062623/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1340454/12th-presidential-session-follow-our-live-coverage-of-the-azour-frangieh-duel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Still+no+president+after+12th+election+attempt%3A+Follow+our+live+coverage&amp;rft.date=2023-06-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1340454%2F12th-presidential-session-follow-our-live-coverage-of-the-azour-frangieh-duel.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1340456/12e-seance-presidentielle-suivez-en-direct-le-duel-azour-frangie.html">"Azour obtient 59 voix, Frangié 51, toujours pas de président: Retrouvez notre direct de la 12e séance"</a>. 14 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230615213049/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1340456/12e-seance-presidentielle-suivez-en-direct-le-duel-azour-frangie.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Azour+obtient+59+voix%2C+Frangi%C3%A9+51%2C+toujours+pas+de+pr%C3%A9sident%3A+Retrouvez+notre+direct+de+la+12e+s%C3%A9ance&amp;rft.date=2023-06-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1340456%2F12e-seance-presidentielle-suivez-en-direct-le-duel-azour-frangie.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XF8YJZz15sU"><i>جلسة رئاسية حامية: فرنجية أو أزعور؟</i></a>, 14 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A9+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9%3A+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A3%D9%88+%D8%A3%D8%B2%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%9F&amp;rft.date=2023-06-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DXF8YJZz15sU&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/298857">"Report: Qatar calls for meeting of five-nation group on Thursday"</a>. <i>Naharnet</i>. 10 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926182410/https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/298857">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Naharnet&amp;rft.atitle=Report%3A+Qatar+calls+for+meeting+of+five-nation+group+on+Thursday&amp;rft.date=2023-07-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F298857&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/300407">"Army chief says not interested in becoming president"</a>. <i>Naharnet</i>. 18 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926190842/https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/300407">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Naharnet&amp;rft.atitle=Army+chief+says+not+interested+in+becoming+president&amp;rft.date=2023-09-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F300407&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1371442/dohas-active-role-regarding-south-lebanon-presidential-vacuum.html">Dohas Active Role Regarding South Lebanon Presidential Vacuum.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314163334/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1371442/dohas-active-role-regarding-south-lebanon-presidential-vacuum.html">Archived</a> 14 March 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> today.lorientlejour.com − 14 March 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mtv.com.lb/news/%D9%85%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%80%D9%80%D9%8A%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%AA/1431472/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-plan-b-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-">"جورج الخوري Plan B للرئاسة؟"</a>. <i>MTV Lebanon</i> (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313211009/https://www.mtv.com.lb/News/%D9%85%D9%80%D9%80%D8%AD%D9%80%D9%80%D9%84%D9%80%D9%80%D9%8A%D9%80%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%AA/1431472/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-plan-b-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9-">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MTV+Lebanon&amp;rft.atitle=%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+Plan+B+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9%D8%9F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com.lb%2Fnews%2F%25D9%2585%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25AD%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D9%2584%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D9%258A%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2F1431472%2F%25D8%25AC%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AC-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A-plan-b-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9-&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gna.org.gh/2024/09/lebanese-parliament-speaker-renews-call-to-end-presidential-election-deadlock/">"Lebanese parliament speaker renews call to end presidential election deadlock"</a>. <i>Ghana News Agency</i>. 2 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ghana+News+Agency&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanese+parliament+speaker+renews+call+to+end+presidential+election+deadlock&amp;rft.date=2024-09-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgna.org.gh%2F2024%2F09%2Flebanese-parliament-speaker-renews-call-to-end-presidential-election-deadlock%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naharnet.com/stories/en/309780-neemat-frem-officially-announces-his-nomination-for-presidency">"Neemat Frem officially announces his nomination for presidency"</a>. <i>Naharnet</i>. 12 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241213003415/https://naharnet.com/stories/en/309780-neemat-frem-officially-announces-his-nomination-for-presidency">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Naharnet&amp;rft.atitle=Neemat+Frem+officially+announces+his+nomination+for+presidency&amp;rft.date=2024-12-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F309780-neemat-frem-officially-announces-his-nomination-for-presidency&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1439452/geagea-nexclut-pas-de-se-presenter-a-la-presidentielle-sil-obtient-assez-de-soutien.html">"Geagea n'exclut pas de se présenter à la présidentielle s'il obtient assez de soutien"</a> &#91;Geagea does not rule himself out from the presidential election if he finds sufficient support&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 12 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241212135806/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1439452/geagea-nexclut-pas-de-se-presenter-a-la-presidentielle-sil-obtient-assez-de-soutien.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Geagea+n%27exclut+pas+de+se+pr%C3%A9senter+%C3%A0+la+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+s%27il+obtient+assez+de+soutien&amp;rft.date=2024-12-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1439452%2Fgeagea-nexclut-pas-de-se-presenter-a-la-presidentielle-sil-obtient-assez-de-soutien.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1440357/psp-bloc-backs-joseph-aoun-in-presidential-election.html">"PSP bloc backs Joseph Aoun in presidential election"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 18 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241218175404/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1440357/psp-bloc-backs-joseph-aoun-in-presidential-election.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=PSP+bloc+backs+Joseph+Aoun+in+presidential+election&amp;rft.date=2024-12-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1440357%2Fpsp-bloc-backs-joseph-aoun-in-presidential-election.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442397/joumblatt-le-commandant-en-chef-de-larmee-reste-notre-candidat.html">"Joumblatt&#160;: Le commandant en chef de l'armée reste notre candidat"</a> &#91;The commander in chief of the army remains our candidate&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 7 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Joumblatt+%3A+Le+commandant+en+chef+de+l%27arm%C3%A9e+reste+notre+candidat&amp;rft.date=2024-01-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442397%2Fjoumblatt-le-commandant-en-chef-de-larmee-reste-notre-candidat.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442343/neemat-frem-affirme-que-les-blocs-centristes-soutiendront-joseph-aoun-si-un-consensus-est-atteint.html">"Neemat Frem affirme que les blocs «&#160;centristes&#160;» soutiendront Joseph Aoun si un consensus est atteint"</a> &#91;Neemat Frem confirms that "centrist" groups will support Joseph Aoun if a consensus forms&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 6 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Neemat+Frem+affirme+que+les+blocs+%C2%AB+centristes+%C2%BB+soutiendront+Joseph+Aoun+si+un+consensus+est+atteint&amp;rft.date=2025-01-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442343%2Fneemat-frem-affirme-que-les-blocs-centristes-soutiendront-joseph-aoun-si-un-consensus-est-atteint.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442600/le-depute-neemat-frem-annonce-quil-soutiendra-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-a-la-presidentielle.html">"Le député Neemat Frem annonce qu'il soutiendra la candidature de Joseph Aoun à la présidentielle"</a> &#91;The MP Neemat Frem announces that he will support the presidential candidacy of Joseph Aoun&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 8 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Le+d%C3%A9put%C3%A9+Neemat+Frem+annonce+qu%27il+soutiendra+la+candidature+de+Joseph+Aoun+%C3%A0+la+pr%C3%A9sidentielle&amp;rft.date=2025-01-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442600%2Fle-depute-neemat-frem-annonce-quil-soutiendra-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-a-la-presidentielle.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442536/le-bloc-de-la-moderation-nationale-soutient-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-a-la-presidence.html">"Le bloc de la «&#160;Modération nationale&#160;» soutient la candidature de Joseph Aoun à la présidence"</a> &#91;The "National Moderation" bloc supports Joseph Aoun's presidential candidacy&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 8 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Le+bloc+de+la+%C2%AB+Mod%C3%A9ration+nationale+%C2%BB+soutient+la+candidature+de+Joseph+Aoun+%C3%A0+la+pr%C3%A9sidence&amp;rft.date=2025-01-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442536%2Fle-bloc-de-la-moderation-nationale-soutient-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-a-la-presidence.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442633/frangie-se-retire-de-la-course-presidentielle-au-profit-de-joseph-aoun.html">"Frangié se retire de la course présidentielle au profit de Joseph Aoun"</a> &#91;Frangieh withdraws from the presidential race in favour of Joseph Aoun&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 8 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Frangi%C3%A9+se+retire+de+la+course+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+au+profit+de+Joseph+Aoun&amp;rft.date=2025-01-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442633%2Ffrangie-se-retire-de-la-course-presidentielle-au-profit-de-joseph-aoun.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442603/presidentielle-amal-soutiendra-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-en-cas-de-majorite-en-sa-faveur.html">"Présidentielle&#160;: Amal soutiendra la candidature de Joseph Aoun en cas de «&#160;majorité&#160;» en sa faveur"</a> &#91;Presidential [elections]: Amal will support Joseph Aoun's candidacy if [there is a] "majority" supporting him&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 8 January 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250109075135/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442603/presidentielle-amal-soutiendra-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-en-cas-de-majorite-en-sa-faveur.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sidentielle+%3A+Amal+soutiendra+la+candidature+de+Joseph+Aoun+en+cas+de+%C2%AB+majorit%C3%A9+%C2%BB+en+sa+faveur&amp;rft.date=2025-01-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442603%2Fpresidentielle-amal-soutiendra-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-en-cas-de-majorite-en-sa-faveur.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-critical-hours-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-critical-hours_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-critical-hours_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annahar.com/Lebanon/Politics/185757/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9">"ساعات حاسمة في لبنان... جوزف عون على طريق قصر بعبدا"</a> &#91;Critical hours in Lebanon: Joseph Aoun on the road to the Baabda palace&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/An-Nahar" title="An-Nahar">An-Nahar</a></i> (in Arabic). 8 January 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250108154121/https://www.annahar.com/Lebanon/Politics/185757/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=An-Nahar&amp;rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86...+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81+%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82+%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7&amp;rft.date=2025-01-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annahar.com%2FLebanon%2FPolitics%2F185757%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hezb-veto-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hezb-veto_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hezb-veto_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1441728/presidentielle-pour-bassil-geagea-est-celui-qui-beneficie-de-la-legitimite-populaire-.html">"Présidentielle&#160;: Pour Bassil, Geagea est celui qui «&#160;bénéficie de la légitimité populaire&#160;»"</a> &#91;Presidential election: for Bassil, Geagea is the one who "has popular support"&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 31 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sidentielle+%3A+Pour+Bassil%2C+Geagea+est+celui+qui+%C2%AB+b%C3%A9n%C3%A9ficie+de+la+l%C3%A9gitimit%C3%A9+populaire+%C2%BB&amp;rft.date=2024-12-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1441728%2Fpresidentielle-pour-bassil-geagea-est-celui-qui-beneficie-de-la-legitimite-populaire-.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442424/geagea-pret-a-examiner-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-si-le-hezbollah-la-soutient.html">"Geagea «&#160;prêt à examiner la candidature de Joseph Aoun&#160;» si le Hezbollah la soutient"</a> &#91;Geagea "ready to examine Joseph Aoun's candidacy" if Hezbollah supports its&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 7 January 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250107173707/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442424/geagea-pret-a-examiner-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-si-le-hezbollah-la-soutient.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Geagea+%C2%AB+pr%C3%AAt+%C3%A0+examiner+la+candidature+de+Joseph+Aoun+%C2%BB+si+le+Hezbollah+la+soutient&amp;rft.date=2024-01-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442424%2Fgeagea-pret-a-examiner-la-candidature-de-joseph-aoun-si-le-hezbollah-la-soutient.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbi_Akl2025" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abi Akl, Yara (9 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442700/tout-le-monde-devant-le-fait-accompli-le-soutien-a-joseph-aoun-presque-unanime.html">"Tout le monde devant le fait accompli&#160;: le soutien à Joseph Aoun presque unanime"</a> &#91;Everyone presented with a fait accompli: almost unanimous support for Joseph Aoun&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Tout+le+monde+devant+le+fait+accompli+%3A+le+soutien+%C3%A0+Joseph+Aoun+presque+unanime&amp;rft.date=2025-01-09&amp;rft.aulast=Abi+Akl&amp;rft.aufirst=Yara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442700%2Ftout-le-monde-devant-le-fait-accompli-le-soutien-a-joseph-aoun-presque-unanime.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSassine2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sassine, Rita (18 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1440392/ca-bouge-le-psp-pave-la-voie-a-joseph-aoun-frangie-se-retire-sans-se-retirer.html">"Ça bouge&#160;! Le PSP pave la voie à Joseph Aoun, Frangié se retire sans se retirer"</a> &#91;It moves! The PSP paves the way for Joseph Aoun, Frangieh withdraws without withdrawing&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241218202804/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1440392/ca-bouge-le-psp-pave-la-voie-a-joseph-aoun-frangie-se-retire-sans-se-retirer.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=%C3%87a+bouge+%21+Le+PSP+pave+la+voie+%C3%A0+Joseph+Aoun%2C+Frangi%C3%A9+se+retire+sans+se+retirer&amp;rft.date=2024-12-18&amp;rft.aulast=Sassine&amp;rft.aufirst=Rita&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1440392%2Fca-bouge-le-psp-pave-la-voie-a-joseph-aoun-frangie-se-retire-sans-se-retirer.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1440983/karame-lache-frangie-le-hezbollah-face-a-ses-limites-presidentielles-.html">"Karamé lâche Frangié&#160;: le Hezbollah face à ses limites présidentielles&#160;?"</a> &#91;Karameh abandons Frangieh: Hezbollah at the limits [of its power to influence] the presidential [elections]?&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 24 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241223225847/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1440983/karame-lache-frangie-le-hezbollah-face-a-ses-limites-presidentielles-.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Karam%C3%A9+l%C3%A2che+Frangi%C3%A9+%3A+le+Hezbollah+face+%C3%A0+ses+limites+pr%C3%A9sidentielles+%3F&amp;rft.date=2024-12-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1440983%2Fkarame-lache-frangie-le-hezbollah-face-a-ses-limites-presidentielles-.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442180/le-seul-veto-du-hezbollah-pour-la-presidentielle-est-sur-samir-geagea-declare-wafic-safa.html">"Le seul veto du Hezbollah pour la présidentielle est sur Samir Geagea, déclare Wafic Safa"</a> &#91;In the presidential election, Hezbollah will only veto Samir Geagea, declares Wafic Safa&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). 5 January 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250105165012/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442180/le-seul-veto-du-hezbollah-pour-la-presidentielle-est-sur-samir-geagea-declare-wafic-safa.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Le+seul+veto+du+Hezbollah+pour+la+pr%C3%A9sidentielle+est+sur+Samir+Geagea%2C+d%C3%A9clare+Wafic+Safa&amp;rft.date=2025-01-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442180%2Fle-seul-veto-du-hezbollah-pour-la-presidentielle-est-sur-samir-geagea-declare-wafic-safa.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1442261/backlash-over-hezbollahs-safa-veto-claims-on-geagea.html">"Backlash over Hezbollah's Safa veto claims on Geagea"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 6 January 2025. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250106174828/https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1442261/backlash-over-hezbollahs-safa-veto-claims-on-geagea.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Backlash+over+Hezbollah%27s+Safa+veto+claims+on+Geagea&amp;rft.date=2025-01-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442261%2Fbacklash-over-hezbollahs-safa-veto-claims-on-geagea.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbi_Akl2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Abi Akl, Yara (20 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1440518/apres-la-surprise-joumblatt-joseph-aoun-entre-colere-du-cpl-et-flou-artistique-des-fl.html">"Aprèrs la surprise Joumblatt, Joseph Aoun entre colère du CPL et flou artistique des FL"</a> &#91;After Jumblat's surprise, Joseph Aoun [is] between the anger of the FPM and the vagueness of the Lebanese Forces&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241220035514/https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1440518/apres-la-surprise-joumblatt-joseph-aoun-entre-colere-du-cpl-et-flou-artistique-des-fl.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Apr%C3%A8rs+la+surprise+Joumblatt%2C+Joseph+Aoun+entre+col%C3%A8re+du+CPL+et+flou+artistique+des+FL&amp;rft.date=2024-12-20&amp;rft.aulast=Abi+Akl&amp;rft.aufirst=Yara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1440518%2Fapres-la-surprise-joumblatt-joseph-aoun-entre-colere-du-cpl-et-flou-artistique-des-fl.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabih2025" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rabih, Mounir (6 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442210/riyad-ne-cache-plus-son-soutien-a-aoun-le-hezbollah-va-t-il-ceder.html">"Riyad ne cache plus son soutien à Aoun, le tandem Amal-Hezbollah va-t-il céder?"</a> &#91;As Riyadh no longer hides its support for Aoun, will the Amal–Hezbollah tandem give in?&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Riyad+ne+cache+plus+son+soutien+%C3%A0+Aoun%2C+le+tandem+Amal-Hezbollah+va-t-il+c%C3%A9der%3F&amp;rft.date=2025-01-06&amp;rft.aulast=Rabih&amp;rft.aufirst=Mounir&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442210%2Friyad-ne-cache-plus-son-soutien-a-aoun-le-hezbollah-va-t-il-ceder.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabih2025" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rabih, Mounir (6 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442329/apres-le-saoudien-hochstein-met-tout-son-poids-dans-la-balance-pour-joseph-aoun.html">"Après le Saoudien, Hochstein met tout son poids dans la balance pour Joseph Aoun"</a> &#91;After the Saudis, Hochstein throws his weight behind Joseph Aoun&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Apr%C3%A8s+le+Saoudien%2C+Hochstein+met+tout+son+poids+dans+la+balance+pour+Joseph+Aoun&amp;rft.date=2025-01-06&amp;rft.aulast=Rabih&amp;rft.aufirst=Mounir&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442329%2Fapres-le-saoudien-hochstein-met-tout-son-poids-dans-la-balance-pour-joseph-aoun.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabih2025" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rabih, Mounir (8 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1442632/dans-les-coulisses-de-lultime-forcing-diplomatique-pour-joseph-aoun.html">"Dans les coulisses de l'ultime forcing diplomatique pour Joseph Aoun"</a> &#91;Behind the scenes of the final diplomatic push for Joseph Aoun&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le_Jour" title="L&#39;Orient–Le Jour">L'Orient–Le Jour</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient%E2%80%93Le+Jour&amp;rft.atitle=Dans+les+coulisses+de+l%27ultime+forcing+diplomatique+pour+Joseph+Aoun&amp;rft.date=2025-01-08&amp;rft.aulast=Rabih&amp;rft.aufirst=Mounir&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442632%2Fdans-les-coulisses-de-lultime-forcing-diplomatique-pour-joseph-aoun.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/11/lebanon-hold-january-presidential-elections-amid-fragile-ceasefire">"Lebanon to hold January presidential elections amid fragile ceasefire"</a>. <i>Al-Monitor</i>. 2 September 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241129032429/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/11/lebanon-hold-january-presidential-elections-amid-fragile-ceasefire">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+to+hold+January+presidential+elections+amid+fragile+ceasefire&amp;rft.date=2024-09-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2024%2F11%2Flebanon-hold-january-presidential-elections-amid-fragile-ceasefire&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldbaum2025" class="citation news cs1">Goldbaum, Christina (10 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/10/world/middleeast/lebanon-hezbollah-politics.html">"Lebanon Turns a Political Page as Hezbollah's Hold Is Weakened"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250110142200/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/10/world/middleeast/lebanon-hezbollah-politics.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Lebanon+Turns+a+Political+Page+as+Hezbollah%27s+Hold+Is+Weakened&amp;rft.date=2025-01-10&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Goldbaum&amp;rft.aufirst=Christina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F01%2F10%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Flebanon-hezbollah-politics.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSewell2025" class="citation news cs1">Sewell, Abby (10 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/10/joseph-aoun-lebanon-president-profile/1dfd9cd6-cf6a-11ef-be73-ad8966084721_story.html">"Who is Joseph Aoun, a low-profile army chief who is now Lebanon's president?"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Who+is+Joseph+Aoun%2C+a+low-profile+army+chief+who+is+now+Lebanon%27s+president%3F&amp;rft.date=2025-01-10&amp;rft.aulast=Sewell&amp;rft.aufirst=Abby&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2025%2F01%2F10%2Fjoseph-aoun-lebanon-president-profile%2F1dfd9cd6-cf6a-11ef-be73-ad8966084721_story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox2025" class="citation web cs1">Knox, Brady (9 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/world/3281374/bernie-sanders-vote-lebanese-parliamentary-election-president/">"Bernie Sanders receives vote in Lebanese parliamentary election for president - Washington Examiner"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bernie+Sanders+receives+vote+in+Lebanese+parliamentary+election+for+president+-+Washington+Examiner&amp;rft.date=2025-01-09&amp;rft.aulast=Knox&amp;rft.aufirst=Brady&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F3281374%2Fbernie-sanders-vote-lebanese-parliamentary-election-president%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1442714/after-more-than-2-years-of-vacancy-will-a-president-be-elected-in-lebanon-our-live-coverage-of-the-parliamentary-session.html">"Joseph Aoun receives 71 votes in first round of voting in Parliament, session adjourned for 2 hours | Our live coverage of the parliamentary session"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 9 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Joseph+Aoun+receives+71+votes+in+first+round+of+voting+in+Parliament%2C+session+adjourned+for+2+hours+%7C+Our+live+coverage+of+the+parliamentary+session&amp;rft.date=2025-01-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442714%2Fafter-more-than-2-years-of-vacancy-will-a-president-be-elected-in-lebanon-our-live-coverage-of-the-parliamentary-session.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1442714/after-more-than-2-years-of-vacancy-will-a-president-be-elected-in-lebanon-our-live-coverage-of-the-parliamentary-session.html">"Joseph Aoun, elected president, wants Lebanese state to invest in its army to protect its borders, combat smuggling, terrorism, Israeli aggression | Our live coverage of the parliamentary session"</a>. <i>L'Orient Today</i>. 9 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&amp;rft.atitle=Joseph+Aoun%2C+elected+president%2C+wants+Lebanese+state+to+invest+in+its+army+to+protect+its+borders%2C+combat+smuggling%2C+terrorism%2C+Israeli+aggression+%7C+Our+live+coverage+of+the+parliamentary+session&amp;rft.date=2025-01-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1442714%2Fafter-more-than-2-years-of-vacancy-will-a-president-be-elected-in-lebanon-our-live-coverage-of-the-parliamentary-session.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2022%E2%80%932025+Lebanese+presidential+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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presidential elections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1926_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1926 Lebanese presidential election (page does not exist)">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1929_Lebanese_presidential_election&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="1929 Lebanese presidential election (page does not exist)">1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1936 Lebanese presidential election">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1943 Lebanese presidential election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1948 Lebanese presidential election">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1952 Lebanese presidential election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1958 Lebanese presidential election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1964 Lebanese presidential election">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1970 Lebanese presidential election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1976 Lebanese presidential election">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1982_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="August 1982 Lebanese presidential election">1982 (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1982_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="September 1982 Lebanese presidential election">1982 (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_November_1989_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="5 November 1989 Lebanese presidential election">1989 (5 Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_November_1989_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="24 November 1989 Lebanese presidential election">1989 (24 Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="1998 Lebanese presidential election">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2008 Lebanese presidential election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016_Lebanese_presidential_election" title="2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election">2014–2016</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2022–2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐66fb676896‐g6rsz Cached time: 20250119122416 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.324 seconds Real time usage: 1.548 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10099/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 308565/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9667/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 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