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id="toc-Miniature_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miniature_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Miniature models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miniature_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Playing field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playing_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assembling_armies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assembling_armies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Assembling armies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assembling_armies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gameplay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gameplay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Gameplay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gameplay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victory_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victory_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Victory conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victory_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Setting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Setting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Setting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Setting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Factions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Factions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Factions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Imperium_of_Man" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Imperium_of_Man"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The Imperium of Man</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Imperium_of_Man-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chaos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chaos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Chaos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chaos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Necrons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Necrons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Necrons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Necrons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aeldari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aeldari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Aeldari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aeldari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Orks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tyranids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tyranids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Tyranids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tyranids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-T'au" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#T'au"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>T'au</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-T'au-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leagues_of_Votann" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leagues_of_Votann"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Leagues of Votann</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leagues_of_Votann-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_edition_(Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader)_(1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_edition_(Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader)_(1987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>First edition (<i>Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</i>) (1987)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_edition_(Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader)_(1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_edition_(1993)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_edition_(1993)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Second edition (1993)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_edition_(1993)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_edition_(1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_edition_(1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Third edition (1998)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_edition_(1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_edition_(2004)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_edition_(2004)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Fourth edition (2004)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_edition_(2004)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_edition_(2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_edition_(2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Fifth edition (2008)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_edition_(2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_edition_(2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_edition_(2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Sixth edition (2012)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_edition_(2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh_edition_(2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_edition_(2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Seventh edition (2014)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_edition_(2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eighth_edition_(2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eighth_edition_(2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Eighth edition (2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eighth_edition_(2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ninth_edition_(2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ninth_edition_(2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Ninth edition (2020)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ninth_edition_(2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenth_edition_(2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenth_edition_(2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Tenth edition (2023)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenth_edition_(2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supplements_and_expansions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supplements_and_expansions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Supplements and expansions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supplements_and_expansions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spin-off_games_and_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spin-off_games_and_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Spin-off games and other media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spin-off_games_and_other_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spin-off games and other media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spin-off_games_and_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Horus_Heresy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Horus_Heresy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span><i>The Horus Heresy</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Horus_Heresy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_games_and_role-playing_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_games_and_role-playing_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Board games and role-playing games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_games_and_role-playing_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>TV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Warhammer 40,000</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40000" title="Warhammer 40000 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Warhammer 40000" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40.000" title="Warhammer 40.000 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Warhammer 40.000" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40.000" title="Warhammer 40.000 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Warhammer 40.000" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40.000" title="Warhammer 40.000 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Warhammer 40.000" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40.000" title="Warhammer 40.000 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Warhammer 40.000" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40_000" title="Warhammer 40 000 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Warhammer 40 000" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%8C%ED%95%B4%EB%A8%B8_40,000" title="워해머 40,000 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="워해머 40,000" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0_40,000" title="वॉरहैमर 40,000 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वॉरहैमर 40,000" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40.000" title="Warhammer 40.000 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Warhammer 40.000" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8_40,000" title="וורהאמר 40,000 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וורהאמר 40,000" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_40000" title="ვარჰამერ 40000 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარჰამერ 40000" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40_000" title="Warhammer 40 000 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Warhammer 40 000" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40_000" title="Warhammer 40 000 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Warhammer 40 000" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC40,000" title="ウォーハンマー40,000 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウォーハンマー40,000" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games_Workshop#Warhammer_40,000" title="Games Workshop – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Games Workshop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40_000" title="Warhammer 40 000 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Warhammer 40 000" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40.000" title="Warhammer 40.000 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Warhammer 40.000" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40000" title="Warhammer 40000 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Warhammer 40000" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40.000" title="Warhammer 40.000 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Warhammer 40.000" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40000" title="Warhammer 40000 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Warhammer 40000" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40000" title="Warhammer 40000 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Warhammer 40000" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Warhammer 40,000" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E9%8E%9A_40,000" title="戰鎚 40,000 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="戰鎚 40,000" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%98%E9%94%A440000" title="战锤40000 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="战锤40000" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q209026#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ork_(Warhammer_40,000)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ork (Warhammer 40,000)">Ork (Warhammer 40,000)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Miniature wargame</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"40K" redirects here. For the number, see <a href="/wiki/40,000" title="40,000">40,000</a>. For the isotope <sup>40</sup>K, see <a href="/wiki/Potassium-40" title="Potassium-40">Potassium-40</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>Warhammer 40,000</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:300px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:5px 0 0 5px"><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 5px 5px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_logo_2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/37/WH40K_logo_2020.png/300px-WH40K_logo_2020.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/37/WH40K_logo_2020.png/450px-WH40K_logo_2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/37/WH40K_logo_2020.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="123" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 5px 5px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keno_mini_wargame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Keno_mini_wargame.jpg/300px-Keno_mini_wargame.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Keno_mini_wargame.jpg/450px-Keno_mini_wargame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Keno_mini_wargame.jpg/600px-Keno_mini_wargame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="812" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 5px 5px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Sci-Fi_Con_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Operation_Sci-Fi_Con_2015.jpg/300px-Operation_Sci-Fi_Con_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Operation_Sci-Fi_Con_2015.jpg/450px-Operation_Sci-Fi_Con_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Operation_Sci-Fi_Con_2015.jpg/600px-Operation_Sci-Fi_Con_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_manufacturers" title="List of game manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citadel_Miniatures" title="Citadel Miniatures">Citadel Miniatures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forge_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Forge World">Forge World</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1987–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Players</th><td class="infobox-data">2+</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Setup time</th><td class="infobox-data">5–20+ minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Playing time</th><td class="infobox-data">60–180+ minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chance</th><td class="infobox-data">Medium (<a href="/wiki/Dice" title="Dice">dice rolling</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Skills</th><td class="infobox-data">Strategic thinking, <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic">arithmetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miniature_figure_(gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miniature figure (gaming)">miniature painting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warhammer40000.com/">warhammer40000<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhammer.com">www<wbr />.warhammer<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Warhammer 40,000</b></i> (sometimes colloquially called <i><b>Warhammer 40K</b></i>, <i><b>WH40K</b></i> or <i><b>40k</b></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Miniature_wargame" class="mw-redirect" title="Miniature wargame">miniature wargame</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a>. It is the most popular miniature wargame in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is particularly popular in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first edition of the rulebook was published in September 1987, and the tenth and current edition was released in June 2023. </p><p>As in other miniature wargames, players enact battles using <a href="/wiki/Miniature_model_(gaming)" title="Miniature model (gaming)">miniature models</a> of warriors and fighting vehicles. The playing area is a tabletop model of a battlefield, comprising models of buildings, hills, trees, and other terrain features. Each player takes turns moving their model warriors around the battlefield and fighting their opponent's warriors. These fights are resolved using dice and simple arithmetic. </p><p><i>Warhammer 40,000</i> is set in the distant future, where a stagnant human civilisation is beset by hostile aliens and supernatural creatures. The models in the game are a mixture of humans, aliens, and supernatural monsters wielding futuristic weaponry and supernatural powers. The fictional setting of the game has been developed through a large body of novels published by <a href="/wiki/Black_Library" title="Black Library">Black Library</a> (Games Workshop's publishing division). <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> was initially conceived as a scifi counterpart to <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_(game)" title="Warhammer (game)">Warhammer Fantasy Battle</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Medieval_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval fantasy">medieval fantasy</a> <a href="/wiki/Wargame" title="Wargame">wargame</a> also produced by Games Workshop. <i>Warhammer Fantasy</i> shares some themes and characters with <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> but the two settings are independent of each other. The game has received widespread praise for the tone and depth of its setting, and is considered the foundational work of the <a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">grimdark</a> genre of <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">speculative fiction</a>, the word grimdark itself derived from the series' tagline: "In the grim darkness of the far future, there is only war". </p><p><i>Warhammer 40,000</i> has spawned many spin-off media. Games Workshop has produced a number of other tabletop or board games connected to the brand, including both extrapolations of the mechanics and scale of the base game to simulate unique situations, as with <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk" title="Space Hulk">Space Hulk</a></i> or <i>Kill Team</i>, and wargames simulating vastly different scales and aspects of warfare within the same fictional setting, as with <i><a href="/wiki/Battlefleet_Gothic" title="Battlefleet Gothic">Battlefleet Gothic</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Adeptus_Titanicus" title="Adeptus Titanicus">Adeptus Titanicus</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_(game)" title="Epic (game)">Warhammer Epic</a></i>. Video game spin-offs, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn of War">Dawn of War</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Space_Marine" title="Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine">Space Marine</a></i> series, have also been released. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Note: The overview here refers to the 10th edition of the rules.</i> </p><p>The rulebooks and miniature models required to play <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> are copyrighted and sold exclusively by <a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a> and its subsidiaries. These miniatures, in combination with other materials (dice, measuring tools, glue, paints, etc.), are generally more expensive than other tabletop games. A new player can expect to spend at least £200 to assemble enough materials for a regular game,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the armies that appear in tournaments can be many times more.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miniature_models">Miniature models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Miniature models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wh40k_painting_miniature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wh40k_painting_miniature.jpg/220px-Wh40k_painting_miniature.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wh40k_painting_miniature.jpg/330px-Wh40k_painting_miniature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wh40k_painting_miniature.jpg/440px-Wh40k_painting_miniature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1566" /></a><figcaption>The assembly and painting of models is an aspect of the hobby as important as the game itself.</figcaption></figure> <p>Games Workshop sells a large variety of gaming models for <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>, but no ready-to-play models. Rather, it sells boxes of model parts, which players are expected to assemble and paint themselves. Each miniature model represents an individual soldier, vehicle, or monster. Most <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> models are made of <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a> but certain models, which are made and sold in small volumes, are made of lead-free <a href="/wiki/Pewter" title="Pewter">pewter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Epoxy_resin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoxy resin">epoxy resin</a>. Games Workshop also sells glue, tools, and acrylic paints for finishing models. The assembly and painting of the models is a major aspect of the hobby, and many customers of Games Workshop buy models simply to paint and display them.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A player might spend weeks assembling and painting models before they have a playable army.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_field">Playing field</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Playing field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current official rulebook recommends a table width of 44 inches (1.1 m), and table length varies based on the size of the armies being used (discussed below).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to board games, <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> does not have a fixed playing field. Players construct their own custom-made battlefield using modular terrain models. Games Workshop sells a variety of proprietary terrain models, but players often use generic or homemade ones. Unlike certain other miniature wargames such as <i><a href="/wiki/BattleTech" title="BattleTech">BattleTech</a></i>, <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> does not use a grid system, so players must use a measuring tape to measure distances, which are measured in inches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assembling_armies">Assembling armies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Assembling armies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All the models that a player has selected to use in a match are collectively termed an "army." In <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>, players are not restricted to playing with a fixed and symmetrical combination of game pieces, such as in chess. They get to choose which models they will fight with from a catalogue of "datasheets" presented in the rulebooks. Each datasheet corresponds to a particular model and contains any relevant gameplay statistics and permissible attachments. For instance, a model of a <a href="/wiki/Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)">Tactical Space Marine</a> has a "Move" range of 6 inches and a "Toughness" rating of 4 and is armed with a "boltgun" with a range of 24 inches. Both players must declare which models they will play with before the match starts, and once the match is underway, they cannot add any new models to their armies. </p><p>In official tournaments, it is mandatory for players to only use Games Workshop's models, and those models must be properly assembled to match the player's army roster; substitute models are forbidden. For example, if a player wants to use an Ork Weirdboy in their army, they must use an Ork Weirdboy model from Games Workshop.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Games Workshop has also banned the use of 3D-printed miniatures in official tournaments.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public tournaments organised by independent groups might permit third-party models so long as the models are clearly identifiable as to which <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> model they are meant to represent. Tournaments might also have rules regarding whether armies are permitted to be unpainted or must be painted to a certain standard. </p><p>The composition of the players' armies must fit the rivalries and alliances depicted in the setting. All models listed in the rulebooks have keywords that divide them into <a href="#Factions">factions</a>. In a matched game, a player may only use models in their army that are all loyal to a common faction.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, a player cannot, for example, use a mixture of Aeldari and Necron models in their army, because in the game's fictional setting, Aeldari and Necrons are mortal enemies and would never fight alongside each other. </p><p>The game uses a point system to ensure that the match will be "balanced", i.e., the armies will be of comparable overall strength. The players must agree as to what "points limit" they will play at, which roughly determines how big and powerful their respective armies will be. Each model and weapon has a "point value" which roughly corresponds to how powerful the model is; for example, a <a href="/wiki/Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)">Tactical Space Marine</a> is valued at 13 points, whereas a Land Raider tank is valued at 240 points.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sum of the point values of a player's models must not exceed the agreed limit. If the point values of the players' respective armies both add up to the limit, they are assumed to be balanced. 500 to 2,000 points are common point limits. </p><p>Although the rules place no limit on how big an army can be, players tend to use armies comprising between a few dozen to a hundred models, depending on its faction. A large army will slow down the pace of the match as the players must physically handle many more models and consider each strategically. Larger armies also cost more money and take more work to paint and assemble. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gameplay">Gameplay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gameplay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topaketa_errunikoak_2011_0010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Topaketa_errunikoak_2011_0010.jpg/220px-Topaketa_errunikoak_2011_0010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Topaketa_errunikoak_2011_0010.jpg/330px-Topaketa_errunikoak_2011_0010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Topaketa_errunikoak_2011_0010.jpg/440px-Topaketa_errunikoak_2011_0010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Distances must be measured with measuring tape as there is no grid.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the start of a game, each player places their models in the initial deployment zones at opposite ends of the playing field. The players roll dice to determine who takes the first turn. </p><p>At the start of their turn, a player moves each model in their army by hand across the field. A model can be moved no farther than its listed "Move characteristic". For instance, a <a href="/wiki/Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marine</a> model can be moved no farther than six inches per turn. If a model cannot fly, it must go around obstacles such as walls and trees. </p><p>Models are grouped into "units". They move as a unit. All models in a unit must stay close to each other. Each model in a unit must finish a turn within two inches of another model from the unit. If there are more than five models in a unit, each model must be within two inches of two other models. </p><p>After moving, each model can attack any enemy unit within range and line-of-fire of whatever weapons and psychic powers its models have. For instance, a model of a <a href="/wiki/Space_Marines_(Warhammer_40,000)" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Marines (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marine</a> armed with a "boltgun" can shoot any enemy unit within 24 inches. Most of the races in the game have units with psychic powers. Prior to the release of the 10th edition of the game, Psyker units had the ability to cause unusual effects, such as rendering allied units invulnerable or teleporting units across the battlefield. The 10th Edition rules no longer use this feature. After ranged weapons are used, each unit can charge into melee range against enemy units. Units engaged in melee combat then take turns attacking each other until they all have fought. </p><p>When it is their turn to attack, the player declares to their opponent whichever of the models is attacking whichever enemy unit, and rolls dice to determine how much damage their models inflict upon their targets. The attacking player cannot target individual models within an enemy unit. If an enemy unit receives damage, the enemy player chooses which model in the unit suffers injury. Damage is measured in points, and if a model suffers more points of damage than its "Wound characteristic" permits, it dies. Dead models are removed from the playing field. Most models have only one Wound point, but certain models such as "hero characters", vehicles and elite troops have multiple Wound points, so the damage they accumulate must be recorded. </p><p>At the end of each turn, dice are rolled to determine if units who have lost models "lose morale" and become Battleshocked. Then play passes to the opponent's turn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victory_conditions">Victory conditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Victory conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A game of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> lasts until each player has taken five turns. A player wins the game when the turn limit ends and they have the most victory points. How players score victory points depends on what kind of "mission" was selected for the game. The most common way for players to score victory points is by controlling objective markers. Objective markers are 40mm markers placed on the playing field, positioned in accordance with the mission rules. Players score victory points on their turns when their allied models outnumber the enemy models positioned near the objective markers. Players might also have faction-specific ways to gain victory points, such as exterminating the enemy or retaining possession of a holy relic for a certain length of time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Setting">Setting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Setting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> fiction is set around 40,000 AD. Though <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> is mostly a scifi setting, it adapts a number of tropes from <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy fiction">fantasy fiction</a>, such as magic, supernatural beings, daemonic possession, and fantasy races such as orcs and elves; "psykers" fill the role of wizards in the setting. The setting of this game inherits many fantasy tropes from <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_Fantasy_Battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Warhammer Fantasy Battle">Warhammer Fantasy</a></i> (a similar wargame from <a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a>), and by extension from <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a> used to make miniature models for use in <i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>, and <i>Warhammer Fantasy</i> was originally meant to encourage customers to buy more miniature models. <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> was originally conceived as a science-fiction spin-off of <i>Warhammer Fantasy</i>. Though the games share some characters and tropes, their settings are separate. </p><p>The setting of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> is violent and pessimistic: human scientific and social progress have ceased; humanity is in a state of total war with hostile alien races and occult forces; and the supernatural exists, is powerful and is usually untrustworthy if not outright malevolent. There are effectively no benevolent gods or spirits in the cosmos, only daemons and evil gods, and the cults dedicated to them are proliferating. In the long run, the Imperium of Man cannot hope to defeat its enemies, so the heroes of the Imperium are not fighting for a brighter future but "raging against the dying of the light".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through constant sacrifice and toil, the Imperium delays its inevitable doom. The tone of the game's setting, exemplified by its slogan "In the grim darkness of the far future, there is only war", shaped the "<a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">grimdark</a>" subgenre of scifi, which is particularly amoral, dystopian or violent.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts_2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the setting is based on a wargame, the spin-off novels and comic books are often war dramas with protagonists being warriors of some sort, the most popular being the <a href="/wiki/Space_Marines_(Warhammer_40,000)" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Marines (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marines</a>. Otherwise, they tend be aristocrats of some sort such as Inquisitors, Rogue Traders, or Eldar princes, because only such people have the resources and liberty to have a meaningful impact on a galaxy-spanning setting whose civilisations are mostly autocratic. </p><p>The source of magic is a parallel universe of supernatural energy, "the Warp". All living things with souls are tied to the Warp, but certain individuals called "psykers" have an especially strong link and can manipulate the Warp's energy to work magic. Psykers are generally feared and mistrusted by humans. Psykers may have many dangerous abilities such as mind control, <a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">clairvoyance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pyrokinesis" title="Pyrokinesis">pyrokinesis</a>. Moreover, the Warp is full of predatory creatures that may use a psyker's link to the Warp as a conduit by which to invade realspace. But for all the dangers that psykers pose, human civilisation cannot do without them: their telepathic powers provide faster-than-light communication and they are the best counter to supernatural foes on the battlefield. For this reason, the Imperium rounds up any psykers it finds and trains them to control their abilities and resist Warp predators. Those who fail or reject this training are executed for the safety of all. Those who pass their training are pressed into life-long servitude to the state and are closely monitored for misconduct and spiritual corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rick_Priestley" title="Rick Priestley">Rick Priestley</a> cites <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dune_(franchise)" title="Dune (franchise)">Dune</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/2000_AD_(comics)" title="2000 AD (comics)">2000 AD</a></i> as major influences on the setting. </p><p>The Chaos Gods were added to the setting by Bryan Ansell and developed further by Priestley. Priestley felt that <i>Warhammer</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s concept of Chaos, as detailed by Ansell in the supplement <i>Realms of Chaos</i>, was too simplistic and too similar to the works of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a>, so he developed it further, taking inspiration from <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story of the Emperor's favoured sons succumbing to the temptations of Chaos deliberately parallels the fall of Satan in <i>Paradise Lost</i>. The religious themes are primarily inspired by the early history of Christianity. Daemons in WH40K are the embodiment of human nightmares and dark emotion, given physical form and sentience by the Warp—this idea comes from the 1956 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Planet" title="Forbidden Planet">Forbidden Planet</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaos carries a lot of influences from H. P. Lovecraft, such as mystical artefacts that drive people insane and secretive cults dedicated to evil gods. </p><p>The Emperor of Man was inspired by various fictional god-kings, such as <a href="/wiki/Leto_Atreides_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Leto Atreides II">Leto Atreides II</a> from the novel <i><a href="/wiki/God_Emperor_of_Dune" title="God Emperor of Dune">God Emperor of Dune</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Herbert" title="Frank Herbert">Frank Herbert</a>, and King Huon from the <a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_Runestaff" title="The History of the Runestaff"><i>Runestaff</i></a> novels by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moorcock" title="Michael Moorcock">Michael Moorcock</a>. The Emperor's suffering on the Golden Throne for the sake of humanity mirrors the sacrifice of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Humans fear artificial intelligence and creating or protecting an artificial intelligence (or 'abominable intelligence' ) is a capital offence (though most 'crimes' such as petty theft or adjusting machinery are also capital offences in the Imperium). This comes from the <i><a href="/wiki/Dune_(franchise)" title="Dune (franchise)">Dune</a></i> novels. As in the <i>Dune</i> setting, the prohibition on artificial intelligence was passed after an ancient war against malevolent androids.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To me the background to 40K was always intended to be ironic. [...] The fact that the Space Marines were lauded as heroes within Games Workshop always amused me, because they're brutal, but they're also completely self-deceiving. The whole idea of the Emperor is that you don't know whether he's alive or dead. The whole Imperium might be running on superstition. There's no guarantee that the Emperor is anything other than a corpse with a residual mental ability to direct spacecraft. It's got some parallels with religious beliefs and principles, and I think a lot of that got missed and overwritten.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Rick Priestley, in a December 2015 interview with <i>Unplugged Games</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Factions">Factions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Warhammer_40,000" title="Special:EditPage/Warhammer 40,000">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Warhammer+40%2C000%22">"Warhammer 40,000"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Warhammer+40%2C000%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Warhammer+40%2C000%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Warhammer+40%2C000%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Warhammer+40%2C000%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Warhammer+40%2C000%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Models available for play in <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> are divided into "factions". Under normal circumstances, a player can only use units from the same faction in their army. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Imperium_of_Man">The Imperium of Man</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Imperium of Man"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_Cadian_Shock_Troop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/WH40K_Cadian_Shock_Troop.jpg/220px-WH40K_Cadian_Shock_Troop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8c/WH40K_Cadian_Shock_Troop.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>An imperial guardsman</figcaption></figure> <p>The Imperium of Man is described as an authoritarian human empire that comprises approximately 1 million worlds and has existed for over 10,000 years. The faction abhors aliens to the point that associating with aliens is a <a href="/wiki/Capital_offence" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital offence">capital offence</a>. The <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> of the Imperium is centred around its founder, the Emperor of Mankind, who united humanity millennia earlier. Although the Emperor is its nominal ruler, he was mortally wounded in battle and is unable to actually rule, and is now sustained by a massive cybernetic life-support system dubbed the Golden Throne. Despite his condition, his mind still generates a "psychic beacon" called the Astronomican by which starships navigate through space which is vital to the Imperium's infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Imperium has highly advanced technology, most of its technologies have not improved for thousands of years due to a religious taboo on scientific inquiry and innovation. Most <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> fiction is written from the perspective of the Imperium, often with humans as protagonists. </p><p>Of all the factions, the Imperium has the largest catalogue of models, which gives Imperium players the flexibility to design their army for any style of play. That said, players tend to build their armies around specific sub-factions which have more focused playstyles. For instance, an army of <a href="/wiki/Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marines</a> will consist of a small number of powerful infantry, whereas an Imperial Guard army will have weak but plentiful infantry combined with strong artillery and vehicles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chaos">Chaos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chaos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Chaos Space Marine" redirects here. For the song by Black Country, New Road, see <a href="/wiki/Ants_from_Up_There" title="Ants from Up There"> <i>Ants from Up There</i></a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_Chaos_Space_Marine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/17/WH40K_Chaos_Space_Marine.jpg/220px-WH40K_Chaos_Space_Marine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/17/WH40K_Chaos_Space_Marine.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>A Chaos Space Marine</figcaption></figure> <p>Chaos represents the myriad servants of the Chaos Gods, malevolent and depraved entities and daemons who formed from the base thoughts and emotions of all mortal sentients.<sup id="cite_ref-Munoz-Gueardo_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munoz-Gueardo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those exposed to the influence of the Chaos are twisted in both mind and body and perform sordid acts of devotion to their dark gods, who in turn reward them with "gifts" such as physical mutations, psychic power, and mystical artefacts.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like their gods, the servants of Chaos are malevolent and insane, adopting the aesthetics of <a href="/wiki/Body_horror" title="Body horror">body horror</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">cosmic horror</a> in the design of their models and story details. The struggle against Chaos is central to the setting of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Munoz-Gueardo_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munoz-Gueardo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with the Imperium, Chaos players have access to a large variety of models, allowing them to design their army for any style of play. That said, players may theme their army around a particular Chaos God, which focuses the style of play. For instance, an army themed around Nurgle will consist of slow-moving but tough troops.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, a Chaos army themed around Khorne will lean towards melee combat and eschew psykers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Necrons">Necrons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Necrons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_Necron_Warrior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/WH40K_Necron_Warrior.jpg/220px-WH40K_Necron_Warrior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/WH40K_Necron_Warrior.jpg/330px-WH40K_Necron_Warrior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/69/WH40K_Necron_Warrior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption>A Necron warrior</figcaption></figure> <p>The Necrons are an ancient race of skeleton-like androids. Millions of years ago, they were flesh-and-blood beings, but then they transferred their minds into android bodies, thereby achieving immortality.<sup id="cite_ref-factionfocus_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factionfocus-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the transference process was flawed, as they all lost their souls and all but the highest-ranking ones became mindless as well. They are waking up from millions of years of hibernation in underground vaults on planets across the galaxy and seek to rebuild their old empire. Necron designs evoke ancient Egypt in their design, although they are not based on the Tomb Kings of <i>Warhammer Fantasy</i>. </p><p>Necron infantry have strong ranged firepower, tough armour, and slow movement. Necron units can rapidly regenerate wounds or "reanimate" killed models at the start of the player's turn. All Necron models have a Leadership score of 10 (the maximum possible), so Necrons rarely suffer from morale failure. Necrons do not have any psykers, but they possess units called "C'tan shards" which are psyker-like. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aeldari">Aeldari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Aeldari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_Eldar_Guardian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/WH40K_Eldar_Guardian.jpg/220px-WH40K_Eldar_Guardian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1e/WH40K_Eldar_Guardian.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>A Craftworld Aeldari warrior.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Aeldari (formerly called the Eldar) are based on High Elves of fantasy fiction. Aeldari have very long lifespans and all of them have some psychic ability. The Aeldari travel the galaxy via a network of magical tunnels called "the Webway", to which they have exclusive access. In the distant past, the Aeldari ruled an empire that dominated much of the galaxy, but it was destroyed in a magical cataclysm along with most of the population. The surviving Aeldari are divided into two major subfactions: the ascetic inhabitants of massive starships called Craftworlds; and the sadistic Drukhari (also known as "Dark Eldar"), who inhabit a city hidden within the Webway and must inflict pain on others to survive. There are a number of minor subfactions too: the Harlequins, followers of the Laughing God Cegorach; and the Ynnari, followers of the death god Ynnead. Although it has been 10,000 years since their empire's fall, the Aeldari have never recovered, due to their low fertility and aggression by other races. </p><p>Craftworld Aeldari infantry tend to be highly specialised and relatively frail, often described as "glass cannons" because of their lack of staying power and flexibility, Aeldari armies can suffer severe losses after a bad tactical decision or even unlucky dice rolls, while successful gameplay can involve outnumbered Aeldari units that outmanoeuvre the opponent and kill entire units/squads before they have a chance to retaliate. Aeldari vehicles, unlike their infantry counterparts, are very tough and hard to kill because of many evasive and shielding benefits. With the exception of walkers, all Aeldari vehicles are skimmers which allow them to move freely across difficult terrain, and with upgrades, at speeds only matched by the Dark Aeldari and the T'au armies. Dark Aeldari are similar to Craftworld Aeldari, with the major difference being that they have no psykers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orks">Orks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Orks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_Ork_Boy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/WH40K_Ork_Boy.png/220px-WH40K_Ork_Boy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/de/WH40K_Ork_Boy.png 1.5x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>An Ork Boy</figcaption></figure> <p>The Orks are green-skinned aliens based on the traditional <a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">orcs</a> of high fantasy. Orks are a comical species, with crude personalities, ramshackle weaponry, and <a href="/wiki/Cockney" title="Cockney">Cockney</a> accents. Their culture revolves around war for the sake of it. Unlike other races who generally only go to war when it is in their interest, Orks recklessly start unnecessary conflicts for the pleasure of a good fight. Orks do not fear death, and combat is the only thing that gives them emotional fulfillment. Ork technology consists of dashed-together scrap that by all logic should be unreliable if even functional, but Orks generate a psychic field that makes their ramshackle technology work properly or more effectively (for example, vehicles painted red are faster, simply because the Orks believe it to be so). If a non-Ork tries to use an Ork gadget, it would likely malfunction. </p><p>Ork infantry models are slow-moving and tough. The Orks are oriented towards melee combat. Infantry models are cheap (by point cost), so a favourite strategy of Ork players is "the Green tide": they field a large horde of Ork infantry and march them across the playing field to swarm the opponent. Orks do have a number of specialist units with abilities such as psychic powers or vehicle repair, but typically Ork warfare is about brute force and attrition. Ork gameplay is seen as fairly forgiving of tactical errors and bad die rolls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tyranids">Tyranids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tyranids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tyrannids" redirects here. For the bird family Tyrannidae, see <a href="/wiki/Tyrant_flycatcher" title="Tyrant flycatcher">Tyrant flycatcher</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_Tyranid_Warrior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/WH40K_Tyranid_Warrior.jpg/220px-WH40K_Tyranid_Warrior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/WH40K_Tyranid_Warrior.jpg/330px-WH40K_Tyranid_Warrior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/af/WH40K_Tyranid_Warrior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="268" /></a><figcaption>A Tyranid warrior</figcaption></figure> <p>The Tyranids are a mysterious alien race from another galaxy. They migrate from planet to planet, devouring all life in their path. Tyranids are linked by a psychic <a href="/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">hive mind</a> and individual Tyranids become feral when separated from it. Tyranid "technology" is entirely biological, all ships and weapons being purpose-bred living creatures. </p><p>Tyranids have a preference for melee combat. Their infantry models tend to be numerous and fast but frail. They have low point costs, meaning Tyranid armies in the game are relatively large (many cheap weak models, as opposed to armies with few expensive powerful models such as the <a href="/wiki/Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marines</a>). Tyranids also have the most powerful countermeasure against Battleshock called Synapse. The Synaptic network is an aura around powerful leader beasts that compels Tyranids to fight on.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a sub-species of the Tyranid race called "genestealers".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a human is infected by a genestealer, they are psychically enslaved and will sire children who are human-genestealer hybrids. These hybrids will form a secret society known as a genestealer cult within their host human society, steadily expanding their numbers and political influence. When a Tyranid fleet approaches their planet, they will launch an uprising to weaken the planet's defences so that the Tyranids may more easily conquer it and consume its biomass. </p><p>In earlier editions of the game, Genestealer Cults could only be used as auxiliaries to a regular Tyranid army, but since 8th edition, they can be played as a separate army. Although there is a dedicated line of Genestealer Cult models, a player can also use models from the Imperial Guard (a sub-faction of the Imperium) in their Genestealer Cult army. This is an exception to the common-faction rule and is based on the logic that these "human" models are actually genestealer hybrids who look perfectly human. Like other Tyranids, Genestealers are fast and hard-hitting but fragile. All Genestealer Cult infantry and bikers have a trait called "Cult Ambush" that allows them to be set up off table and later be set up on the table, instead of being set up in the designated starting zones at the start of the game (similar to the Space Marines' "Deep Strike" ability). </p><p>The visual design of the Tyranids was inspired by the art of <a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a>, with the genestealer sub-race being further inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Alien_(creature_in_Alien_franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alien (creature in Alien franchise)">Xenomorphs</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Alien_(franchise)" title="Alien (franchise)">Alien franchise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="T'au"><span id="T.27au"></span>T'au</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: T'au"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_Tau_Cadre_Fireblade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/WH40K_Tau_Cadre_Fireblade.jpg/220px-WH40K_Tau_Cadre_Fireblade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f5/WH40K_Tau_Cadre_Fireblade.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>A T'au warrior</figcaption></figure> <p>The T'au are a young race of blue-skinned humanoid aliens inhabiting a relatively small but growing empire located on the fringe of the Imperium of Man. The T'au Empire is the only playable faction in the setting that integrates different alien species into their society. They seek to unite all other races under an ideology they call "the Greater Good". Some human worlds have willingly defected from the Imperium to join the T'au Empire. Such humans tend to have a better quality of life than Imperial citizens because the T'au practise humane ethics and encourage scientific progress. The T'au are divided into five <a href="/wiki/Endogamy" title="Endogamy">endogamous</a> <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">castes</a>: the Ethereals, who are the spiritual leaders; the Fire Caste, who form the T'au military; the Air Caste, who operate starships; the Water Caste, who are merchants and diplomats; and the Earth Caste, who are scientists, engineers, and labourers. </p><p>The T'au are oriented towards ranged combat and generally shun melee. They have some of the most powerful firearms in the game in terms of both range and stopping power. For instance, their pulse rifle surpasses the firepower of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marine</a> boltgun,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the railgun on their main battle tank (the Hammerhead) is more powerful than its Imperium counterparts. The T'au do not have any psykers. Most T'au vehicles are classified as flyers or skimmers, meaning they can move swiftly over difficult terrain. The T'au also incorporate alien <a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">auxiliaries</a> into their army: the Kroot provide melee support and the insectoid Vespids serve as fast-attack infantry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leagues_of_Votann">Leagues of Votann</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Leagues of Votann"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WH40K_League_of_Votann_warrior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/WH40K_League_of_Votann_warrior.jpg/220px-WH40K_League_of_Votann_warrior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/ce/WH40K_League_of_Votann_warrior.jpg/330px-WH40K_League_of_Votann_warrior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ce/WH40K_League_of_Votann_warrior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="349" data-file-height="285" /></a><figcaption>A Hearthkyn warrior of the Leagues of Votann</figcaption></figure> <p>The Leagues of Votann are a confederation of abhumans known interchangeably as Squats and Kin, which are based on the dwarves of fantasy fiction. They are a <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_successor" title="Spiritual successor">spiritual successor</a> to an earlier Squat faction that was removed from the setting for not fitting in aesthetically. </p><p>Though Squats are a subspecies of humanity, the Leagues of Votann stand independent of the Imperium of Man. Unlike the Imperium, the Leagues of Votann have no qualms about using <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, treating their androids as fellow Kin. Kin culture is centred around the Votann, extremely powerful supercomputers responsible for managing the majority of Kin society and keeping records. The Kin are extremely competitive and <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalistic</a>, with powerful corporations (referred to as Guilds) regularly <a href="/wiki/Strip_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Strip mine">strip-mining</a> entire planets for resources. While the Kin have no natural psychic abilities, they do have artificial psykers referred to as Grimnyrs, who are responsible for communicating with the Votann. </p><p>The Leagues have a preference for ranged combat and siege tactics. Their infantry is slow but sturdy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Priestley" title="Rick Priestley">Rick Priestley</a> joined <a href="/wiki/Citadel_Miniatures" title="Citadel Miniatures">Citadel Miniatures</a>, a company started with support from <a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a> that produced miniature figurines for use in <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Ansell" title="Bryan Ansell">Bryan Ansell</a> (the manager of Citadel) asked Priestley to develop a medieval-fantasy miniature wargame that would be given away for free to customers so as to encourage them to buy more miniatures. <i>Dungeons & Dragons</i> did not require players to use miniature figurines, and even when players used them, they rarely needed more than a handful.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_Fantasy_Battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Warhammer Fantasy Battle">Warhammer Fantasy Battle</a></i>, which was released in 1983 to great success. </p><p><i>Warhammer Fantasy</i> was principally a medieval fantasy game in the vein of <i>Dungeons & Dragons</i>, but Priestley and his fellow designers added a smattering of optional science fiction elements, namely in the form of advanced technological artefacts (e.g., laser weapons) left behind by a long-gone race of spacefarers. <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> was an evolution of this taken to the opposite extreme (i.e., mostly science-fiction but with some fantasy elements). </p><p>Since before working for Games Workshop, Priestley had been developing a spaceship combat tabletop wargame called "Rogue Trader", which mixed science fiction with classic fantasy elements. Priestley integrated many elements of the lore of "Rogue Trader" into <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>, chiefly those concerning space travel, but he discarded the ship combat rules for lack of space in the book.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Games Workshop planned to sell conversion kits by which players could modify their <i>Warhammer Fantasy</i> models to wield futuristic weaponry such as laser weapons, but eventually Games Workshop decided to create a dedicated line of models for <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Initially, Priestley's new game was simply to be titled <i>Rogue Trader</i>, but shortly before release Games Workshop signed a contract with <a href="/wiki/2000_AD_(comics)" title="2000 AD (comics)">2000 AD</a> to develop a board game based on their comic book <i><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Trooper" title="Rogue Trooper">Rogue Trooper</a></i>. So as not to confuse customers and to satisfy the demand for the Rogue Trader game which had been promised since 1983, Games Workshop renamed Priestley's game <i>Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</i> and marketed it as a spin-off of <i>Warhammer Fantasy Battle</i> (which in many ways, it was). </p><p><i>Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</i> received its first full preview in <i><a href="/wiki/White_Dwarf_(magazine)" title="White Dwarf (magazine)">White Dwarf</a></i> #93 (September 1987). </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader" title="Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader">Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</a></i> was released in October 1987. It was a success and became Games Workshop's most important product. In the January 1988 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(magazine)" title="Dragon (magazine)">Dragon</a></i> (issue 129), <a href="/wiki/Ken_Rolston" title="Ken Rolston">Ken Rolston</a> raved about this game, calling it "colossal, stupendous, and spectacular... This is the first science-fiction/fantasy to make my blood boil."<sup id="cite_ref-dragon_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dragon-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_edition_(Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader)_(1987)"><span id="First_edition_.28Warhammer_40.2C000:_Rogue_Trader.29_.281987.29"></span>First edition (<i>Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</i>) (1987)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: First edition (Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader) (1987)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader" title="Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader">Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</a></div> <p>The first edition of the game was titled <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader" title="Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader">Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</a></i>, and its rules are based on <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_Fantasy_Battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Warhammer Fantasy Battle">Warhammer Fantasy Battle</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Rogue Trader" had been the game's working title during development. The "Rogue Trader" subtitle was dropped in subsequent editions. It was published in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Game designer <a href="/wiki/Rick_Priestley" title="Rick Priestley">Rick Priestley</a> created the original rules set (based on the contemporary <a href="/wiki/Warhammer_Fantasy_Battle#Second_edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Warhammer Fantasy Battle">second edition of <i>Warhammer Fantasy Battle</i></a>) alongside the <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> gameworld. The gameplay of <i>Rogue Trader</i> was heavily oriented toward <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing</a> rather than strict wargaming.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This original version came as a very detailed, though rather jumbled, rulebook, which made it most suitable for fighting small <a href="/wiki/Skirmisher" title="Skirmisher">skirmishes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the composition of the units was determined randomly, by rolling <a href="/wiki/Dice" title="Dice">dice</a>. A few elements of the setting (bolters, lasguns, frag grenades, Terminator armour) can be seen in a set of earlier wargaming rules called <i><a href="/wiki/Laserburn" title="Laserburn">Laserburn</a></i> (produced by the now defunct company Tabletop Games) written by Bryan Ansell. These rules were later expanded by both Ansell and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Halliwell_(game_designer)" title="Richard Halliwell (game designer)">Richard Halliwell</a> (both of whom ended up working for Games Workshop), although the rules were not a precursor to <i>Rogue Trader</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also, supplemental material was continually published in <i><a href="/wiki/White_Dwarf_(magazine)" title="White Dwarf (magazine)">White Dwarf</a></i> magazine, which provided rules for new units and models. Eventually, <i>White Dwarf</i> provided proper "army lists" that could be used to create larger and more coherent forces than were possible in the main rulebook. These articles were from time to time released in expansion books along with new rules, background materials and illustrations. All in all ten books were released for the original edition of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>: "Chapter Approved—Book of the Astronomican", "Compendium", "Warhammer 40,000 Compilation", "Waaagh—Orks", two <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Chaos_(Warhammer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Realm of Chaos (Warhammer)">"Realm of Chaos"</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Chaos:_Slaves_of_Darkness" class="mw-redirect" title="Realm of Chaos: Slaves of Darkness">Slaves to Darkness</a>" and "The Lost and the Damned" - the books covering both WFB and WH40K), "'Ere we Go", "Freebooterz", "Battle Manual", and "Vehicle Manual". The "Battle Manual" changed and codified the combat rules and provided updated stats for most of the weapons in the game. The "Vehicle Manual" contained a new system for vehicle management on the tabletop which was intended to supersede the clunky rules given in the base hardback manual and in the red softback compendium, it had an inventive target location system which used acetate crosshairs to simulate weapon hits on the vehicle silhouettes with different armour values for different locations (such as tracks, engine compartment, ammo store, and so on). "Waaagh—Orks" was an introductory manual to Orkish culture and physiology. It contained no rules, but background material. Other Ork-themed books instead were replete with army lists for major Ork clans and also for pirate and mercenary outfits. </p><p>Games Workshop released two important supplementary rulebooks for this edition: <i>Realm of Chaos: Slaves to Darkness</i> and <i>Realm of Chaos: The Lost and the Damned</i>. These two books added the Chaos Gods and their daemons to the setting along with the Horus Heresy origin story. </p><p>The artwork of the 1st edition books was a mishmash of styles from a variety of science-fiction works, such as <a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a>, <i>Star Wars</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/2000_AD_(comics)" title="2000 AD (comics)">2000AD</a></i> comics. In subsequent editions, the artwork of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> moved towards a more coherent aesthetic based around gothic architecture and art. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_edition_(1993)"><span id="Second_edition_.281993.29"></span>Second edition (1993)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Second edition (1993)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second edition of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> was published in late 1993. The starter set included Space Marines (two 10-man Tactical Squads with a Sergeant, missile launcher, and flamer) and Orks (20 Orks and 40 Gretchin). The box artwork (by John Blanche) and studio army depicted the Blood Angels Space Marine Chapter. </p><p>This new course for the game was forged under the direction of editor <a href="/wiki/Andy_Chambers" title="Andy Chambers">Andy Chambers</a>. Chambers reshaped the lore in a way that was more serious and pessimistic in tone (a direction which Rick Priestley lamented).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new theme of the setting is that humanity's situation is not merely dire but hopeless, as the Imperium does not have the strength to defeat its myriad enemies and will collapse in time. This was not the case in the first edition; the first edition rulebook suggested that humanity could eventually triumph and prosper if it can survive long enough to complete its evolution into a fully psychic race, and this was the Emperor's goal. </p><p>The second edition of the game introduced army lists, putting constraints on the composition of a player's army. At least 75% of an army's strength (by point value) had to be of units from the same faction. This way, the battles that the players would play would fit the factional rivalries described in the setting. An expansion box set titled <i>Dark Millennium</i> was later released, which included rules for psychic powers. Another trait of the game was the attention given to "special characters" representing specific individuals from the setting, who had access to equipment and abilities beyond those of regular units; the earlier edition only had three generic "heroic" profiles for each army: "champion", "minor hero" and "major hero". A player could spend up to 50% of their army points on a special character. Such heroic characters were so powerful that the second edition was nicknamed "Herohammer".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second edition introduced major revisions to the lore and would go on to define the general character of the lore up until the 8th edition. The Adeptus Mechanicus' prohibition on artificial intelligence was added, stemming from an ancient cataclysmic war between humans and sentient machines; this was inspired by the <i><a href="/wiki/Dune_(franchise)" title="Dune (franchise)">Dune</a></i> novels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_edition_(1998)"><span id="Third_edition_.281998.29"></span>Third edition (1998)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Third edition (1998)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third edition of the game was released in 1998 and, like the second edition, concentrated on streamlining the rules for larger battles.<sup id="cite_ref-Priestley_1998_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Priestley_1998-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Third-edition rules were notably simpler.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rulebook was available alone, or as a starter boxed set with miniatures of Space Marines (one 10-man Tactical Squads with a Sergeant, missile launcher, and flamer, and the redesigned Space Marine Landspeeder with a Heavy Bolter) and the newly introduced <a href="/wiki/Dark_Eldar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Eldar">Dark Eldar (now called "Drukhari")</a> (20 Kabalite Warriors). The system of army <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Codex (Warhammer 40,000)">'codexes'</a></i> continued in third edition. The box artwork and studio army depicted the Black Templars Space Marine Chapter. </p><p>Towards the end of the third edition, four new army codexes were introduced: the xeno (that is, alien) races of the Necron and the T'au and two armies of the Inquisition: the Ordo Malleus (called Daemonhunters), and the Ordo Hereticus (called Witchhunters); elements of the latter two armies had appeared before in supplementary material (such as <i>Realm of Chaos</i> and <i>Codex: Sisters of Battle</i>). At the end of the third edition, these armies were re-released with all-new artwork and army lists. The release of the T'au coincided with a rise in popularity for the game in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FT_2002_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT_2002-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_edition_(2004)"><span id="Fourth_edition_.282004.29"></span>Fourth edition (2004)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Fourth edition (2004)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fourth edition of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> was released in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This edition did not feature as many major changes as prior editions and was "<a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backwards compatible</a>" with each army's third-edition codex. The fourth edition was released in three forms: the first was a standalone hardcover version, with additional information on painting, scenery building, and background information about the <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> universe. The second was a boxed set, called <i>Battle for Macragge</i>, which included a compact softcover version of the rules, scenery, dice, templates, and <a href="/wiki/Space_Marines_(Warhammer_40,000)" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Marines (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tyranids" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyranids">Tyranid</a> miniatures. The third was a limited collector's edition. <i>Battle for Macragge</i> was a 'game in a box', targeted primarily at beginners. <i>Battle for Macragge</i> was based on the Tyranid invasion of the Ultramarines' homeworld, Macragge. An expansion to this was released called <i>The Battle Rages On!</i>, which featured new scenarios and units, like the Tyranid Warrior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_edition_(2008)"><span id="Fifth_edition_.282008.29"></span>Fifth edition (2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fifth edition (2008)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fifth edition of Warhammer 40,000 was released on July 12, 2008. While there are some differences between the fourth and fifth editions, the general rule set shares many similarities. Codex books designed prior to the fifth edition are still compatible with only some changes to how those armies function.<sup id="cite_ref-White_Dwarf_July_2008_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_Dwarf_July_2008-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The starter set was called <i>Assault on Black Reach</i>, which featured a pocket-sized rulebook (containing the full ruleset but omitting the background and hobby sections of the full-sized rulebook), and starter armies for the Space Marines (1 Space Marine Captain, one 10-man Tactical Squad, one 5-man Terminator Squad, one Space Marine Dreadnought) and Orks (one Ork Warboss, 20 Ork Boyz, 5 Ork Nobz, 3 Ork Deffkoptas). </p><p>New additions to the rules included the ability for infantry models to "Go to Ground" when under fire, providing additional protection at the cost of mobility and shooting as they dive for cover. Actual line of sight is needed to fire at enemy models. Also introduced was the ability to run, whereby units may forgo shooting to cover more ground. In addition, cover was changed so that it is now easier for a unit to get a cover save. Damage to vehicles was simplified and significantly reduced, and tanks could ram other vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-White_Dwarf_July_2008_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White_Dwarf_July_2008-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these rules were modelled after rules that existed in the Second Edition but were removed in the Third. Likewise, 5th edition codexes saw a return of many units that had been cut out in the previous edition for having unwieldy rules. These units have largely been brought back with most of their old rules streamlined for the new edition. Fifth edition releases focused largely on Space Marine forces, including the abolishment of the Daemonhunters in favour of an army composed of Grey Knights, a special chapter of Space Marines, which, in previous editions, had provided the elite choices of the Daemonhunters' army list. Another major change was the shift from metal figures to <a href="/wiki/Resin" title="Resin">resin</a> kits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_edition_(2012)"><span id="Sixth_edition_.282012.29"></span>Sixth edition (2012)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sixth edition (2012)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sixth edition was released on June 23, 2012. Changes to this edition included the adoption of an optional Psychic Power card system similar to that of the game's sister product <i>Warhammer Fantasy Battle</i> as well as the inclusion of full rules for flying vehicles and monsters and a major reworking of the manner in which damage is resolved against vehicles. It also included expanded rules for greater interaction with scenery and more dynamic close-combat.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to updating existing rules and adding new ones, 6th Edition introduced several other large changes: the Alliance system, in which players can bring units from other armies to work with their own, with varying levels of trust; the choice to take one fortification as part of your force; and Warlord traits, which will allow a player's Commander to gain a categorically randomised trait that can aid their forces in different situations. The starter box set was titled "Dark Vengeance" which included Dark Angels Space Marines (1 Space Marine Captain, 1 Space Marine Librarian, one 10-man Tactical Squad, one 5-man Deathwing Terminator Squad, and one Ravenwing Bike Squadron) and a Crimson Slaughter Warband (1 Chaos Lord, 1 Chaos Champion, 5 Chaos Space Marines, 1 Hellbrute Chaos Dreadnought, and ). Some of the early release box sets of Dark Vengeance contained a limited-edition Interrogator-Chaplain for the Dark Angels. </p><p>The Imperial Knights (Codex: Imperial Knights) were a new addition to the Imperium of Man faction. Previously found in Epic large-scale battles, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Epic_(game)#2nd_edition" title="Epic (game)">Titan Legions (2nd Edition)</a> boxed set, the Imperial Knights are walkers that are smaller than proper Imperial Titans but nonetheless tower over all other Warhammer 40,000 vehicles and troops.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_edition_(2014)"><span id="Seventh_edition_.282014.29"></span>Seventh edition (2014)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Seventh edition (2014)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seventh edition of the game was announced in <i>White Dwarf</i> issue 15, pre-orders for May 17 and release date of May 24, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 7th edition saw several major changes to the game, including a dedicated Psychic Phase, as well as the way Psychic powers worked overall,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and changeable mid-game Tactical Objectives. Tactical Objectives would give the players alternative ways to score Victory Points, and thus win games. These objectives could change at different points during the game.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as these additions, the 7th edition provided a new way to organise Army lists. Players could play as either Battle-Forged, making a list in the same way as 6th edition, or Unbound, which allowed the player to use any models they desired, disregarding the Force Organisation Chart.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonuses are given to Battle-Forged armies. Additionally, Lord of War units, which are powerful units previously only allowed in large-scale ("Apocalypse") games, are now included in the standard rulebook, and are a normal part of the Force Organisation Chart. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eighth_edition_(2017)"><span id="Eighth_edition_.282017.29"></span>Eighth edition (2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Eighth edition (2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The eighth edition of the game was announced on April 22, 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pre-orders for June 3<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and release date of June 17, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 8th edition was the most radical revision to <i>Warhammer 40,000's</i> rules since the third edition. The game introduced the Three Ways to Play concept: Open, Matched, and Narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The core ruleset was simplified down to 14 pages, and was available as a free PDF booklet on the Games Workshop website.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more complex rules are retained in the updated hardcover Rulebook. The narrative of the setting has also been updated: an enlarged Eye of Terror has split the galaxy in half,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Primarch Roboute Guilliman returns to lead the Imperium as its Lord Commander, beginning with reclaiming devastated worlds through the Indomitus Crusade.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 8th Edition introduced a new box set called "Dark Imperium", which featured the next-generation Primaris Space Marines which are available as reinforcements to existing Space Marine Chapters, as well as introducing new characters and rules to the Death Guard Chaos Space Marines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ninth_edition_(2020)"><span id="Ninth_edition_.282020.29"></span>Ninth edition (2020)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Ninth edition (2020)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ninth edition was released in July 2020. With it came a redesigned logo, the first redesign since 3rd edition. The 9th edition was only a minor modification of the 8th edition's rules. Codexes, supplements and the rules from the Psychic Awakening series made for 8th edition are compatible with 9th. </p><p>Ninth edition also introduced four new box sets: Indomitus, a limited release set that came out at the start of 9th edition, and the Recruit, Elite and Command editions. The four boxes feature revised designs and new units for the Necrons, and new units for the Primaris Space Marines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenth_edition_(2023)"><span id="Tenth_edition_.282023.29"></span>Tenth edition (2023)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tenth edition (2023)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warhammer 40K 10th Edition was released by Games Workshop in June 2023. Significant alterations were made to the game. Tenth edition revolves around the 4th Tyrannic War, introducing fresh regulations and units for both Space Marines and Tyranids, along with significant modifications to the 41st Millennium's setting. The game has a more straightforward structure, featuring more concise Indexes and a restriction of six stratagems per army. Instead of the current codices, free and downloadable indexes are accessible. The Psychic Phase has been eliminated, with "Battleshock" tests taking the place of the Morale Phase. </p><p>Much like Ninth edition, Tenth edition introduced four new box sets: Leviathan, a limited release set that came out at the start of 10th edition. Also, three "starter sets" were introduced: the Introductory set, Starter set and Ultimate Starter set. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supplements_and_expansions">Supplements and expansions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Supplements and expansions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many variations to the rules and army lists that are available for use, typically with an opponent's consent.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These rules are found in the Games Workshop publication <a href="/wiki/White_Dwarf_(magazine)" title="White Dwarf (magazine)"><i>White Dwarf</i></a>, on the Games Workshop website, or in the Forge World <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Armour" title="Imperial Armour">Imperial Armour</a></i> publications. </p><p>The rules of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> are designed for games between 500 and 3000 points, with the limits of a compositional framework called the Force Organisation Chart making games with larger point values difficult to play. In response to player comments, the <i>Apocalypse</i> rules expansion was introduced to allow 3000+ point games to be played. Players might field an entire 1000-man Chapter of <a href="/wiki/Space_Marines_(Warhammer_40,000)" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Marines (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marines</a> rather than the smaller detachment of around 30–40 typically employed in a standard game. Apocalypse also contains rules for using larger war machines such as Titans. The latest rules for Apocalypse based on the Warhammer 40,000 rules are found in Chapter Approved 2017, while a boxed set also entitled Apocalypse with an entirely different rules base was released in 2019. </p><p><i>Cities of Death</i> (the revamp of <i>Codex Battlezone: Cityfight</i>) introduces rules for <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a>, and so-called "stratagems", including traps and fortifications. It also has sections on modelling city terrain and provides examples of armies and army lists modeled around the theme of urban combat. This work was updated to 7th Edition with the release of Shield of Baal: Leviathan<sup id="cite_ref-CoD_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to 8th edition in Chapter Approved 2018. </p><p><i>Planetstrike</i>, released 2009, sets rules allowing players to represent the early stages of a planetary invasion. It introduces new game dynamics, such as dividing the players into an attacker and a defender, each having various tactical benefits tailored to their role; for example, the attacker may deep strike all infantry, jump infantry and monstrous creatures onto the battlefield, while the defender may set up all the terrain on the battlefield. Planetstrike was updated to the 8th edition of the game in Chapter Approved 2017. </p><p><i>Planetary Empires</i>, released August 2009, allows players to coordinate full-scale campaigns containing multiple battles, each using standard rules or approved supplements such as <i>Planetstrike</i>, <i>Cities of Death</i> or <i>Apocalypse</i>. Progress through the campaign is tracked using hexagonal tiles to represent the current control of territories within the campaign. The structure is similar to <i>Warhammer Fantasy's Mighty Empires</i>. The set has been out of production for many years. </p><p><i>Battle Missions</i>, released March 2010, contained a series of 'missions' with specific objectives. Each faction had three specific missions which could be played; these missions are determined by a dice roll and are usually chosen from the missions meant for the two armies being used. They still used the standard rules from the <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> rule book. The Battle Missions format was never updated for 8th or 9th editions and is no longer compatible with the current iteration of the game. </p><p><i>Spearhead</i>, released May 2010, allowed players to play games with a greater emphasis on armoured and mechanised forces. The most notable change to the game is the inclusion of special "Spearhead Formations;" and greater flexibility in force organisation. "Spearhead Formations" represent a new and altogether optional addition to the force organisation system standard to <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>. Players now have the ability to use all, part or none of the standard force organisation. <i>Spearhead</i> also includes new deployment options and game scenarios. This expansion was being released jointly through the Games Workshop website, as a free download, and through the company's monthly hobby magazine <i>White Dwarf</i>. The Spearhead rules were never updated for 8th or 9th editions and are no longer compatible with the current iteration of the game, though the loosened force organization introduced in 8th edition makes them somewhat superfluous. </p><p><i>Death from the Skies</i>, released February 2013, contains rules for playing games with an emphasis on aircraft. There are specific rules for each race's aircraft, as well as playable missions. A notable inclusion in this release is "warlord traits" for each race that deal specifically with aircraft. This supplement still uses the same rules as the <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> rulebook. Got updated to 7th Edition with <i>Shield of Baal: Leviathan</i>. Death From the Skies was not updated post-7th edition, but 8th edition and onward permits using aircraft in the core rules. </p><p><i>Stronghold Assault</i>, released in December 2013, was a 48-page expansion that contains more rules for fortifications in the game, as well as rules for more fortifications than listed in the main 6th Edition Rulebook. Stronghold Assault was updated for the 8th edition of the game in Chapter Approved 2017. </p><p><i>Escalation</i>, released December 2013, contained rules for playing games with super heavy vehicles, normally restricted to Apocalypse events, in normal events. Escalation was not updated, and in the current iteration of the game super heavy vehicles can be used in the core rules. </p><p><i>Boarding Actions</i>, released January 2023, was designed for smaller 500-point missions aboard spaceships. Generally following the same rules of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> with modifications such as distance being measured around terrain features rather than through, combat no longer working through walls, and models blocking line of sight. Vehicle and Monster units are not able to be played in Boarding Actions, making the game heavily focused on infantry units. Rules for Boarding Actions were released in the <i>Arks of Omen: Abaddon</i> book. New boxset releases called <i>Boarding Patrols</i> were also released to give players a starting force for use in Boarding Actions. In July 2024, a new supplement for <i>Boarding Actions</i> was released, adding new missions and bringing the rules fully into the 10th edition of the game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spin-off_games_and_other_media">Spin-off games and other media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Spin-off games and other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Games Workshop has expanded the <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> universe over the years to include several spin-off games and fictional works. This expansion began in 1987, when Games Workshop asked Scott Rohan to write the first series of "literary tie-ins". This eventually led to the creation of <a href="/wiki/Black_Library" title="Black Library">Black Library</a>, the publishing arm of Games Workshop, in 1997. The books published relate centrally to the backstory in the <i>Warhammer</i> universe. Black Library also publishes <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several popular miniature game spin-offs were created, including <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Crusade" title="Space Crusade">Space Crusade</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk" title="Space Hulk">Space Hulk</a></i>, <i>Horus Heresy</i>, <i>Kill Team</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Battlefleet_Gothic" title="Battlefleet Gothic">Battlefleet Gothic</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_(game)" title="Epic (game)">Epic 40,000</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Inquisitor_(game)" title="Inquisitor (game)">Inquisitor</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gorkamorka" title="Gorkamorka">Gorkamorka</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Necromunda" title="Necromunda">Necromunda</a></i> and <i>Assassinorum: Execution Force</i>. A <a href="/wiki/Collectible_card_game" title="Collectible card game">collectible card game</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Millennium" title="Dark Millennium">Dark Millennium</a></i>, was launched in October 2005 by Games Workshop subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/Sabertooth_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabertooth Games">Sabertooth Games</a>. The story behind the card game begins at the end of the Horus Heresy arc in the game storyline and contains four factions: the Imperium, Orks, Aeldari and Chaos.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Warhammer_40,000_novels" title="List of Warhammer 40,000 novels">List of Warhammer 40,000 novels</a></div> <p>Following the 1987 initial release of Games Workshop's <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> wargame the company began publishing background literature that expands previous material, adds new material, and describes the universe, its characters, and its events in detail. Since 1997 the bulk of background literature has been published by the affiliated imprint <a href="/wiki/Black_Library" title="Black Library">Black Library</a>. </p><p>The increasing number of fiction works by an expanding list of authors is published in several formats and media, including audio, digital and print. Most of the works, which include full-length novels, novellas, short stories, graphic novels, and audio dramas, are parts of named book series. In 2018, a line of novels for readers aged 8 to 12 was announced, which led to some confusion among fans given the ultra-violent and <a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">grimdark</a> nature of the setting.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Horus_Heresy"><i>The Horus Heresy</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: The Horus Heresy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Horus_Heresy" title="The Horus Heresy">The Horus Heresy</a></div> <p>One of the most successful storylines to be produced by Black Library is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Horus_Heresy" title="The Horus Heresy">the Horus Heresy</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Prequel" title="Prequel">prequel</a> series set ten thousand years prior to the main setting of the wargame and depicting the downfall of the Emperor of Mankind, setting the conflict between Chaos and the Imperium in motion. The storyline is divided across multiple series of novels and comic books. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Games_Workshop_video_games" title="List of Games Workshop video games">List of Games Workshop video games</a></div> <p>Games Workshop first licensed <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> to produce <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> video games, and EA published two games based on <a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk" title="Space Hulk">Space Hulk</a> in 1993 and 1995. Games Workshop then passed the license to <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Simulations" title="Strategic Simulations">Strategic Simulations</a>, which published three games in the late 1990s. After Strategic Simulations went defunct in 1994, Games Workshop then gave the license to <a href="/wiki/THQ" title="THQ">THQ</a>, and between 2003 and 2011, THQ published 13 games, which include the <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawn of War">Dawn of War</a></i> series. After 2011, Games Workshop changed its licensing strategy: instead of an exclusive license to a single publisher, it broadly licenses a variety of publishers.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_games_and_role-playing_games">Board games and role-playing games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Board games and role-playing games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Games Workshop have produced a number of standalone "boxed games" set within the <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> setting; they have licensed the intellectual property to other game companies such as <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Flight_Games" title="Fantasy Flight Games">Fantasy Flight Games</a>. The Games Workshop-produced boxed games tend to be sold under the aegis of the "Specialist Games" division. Titles include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Armageddon" title="Battle for Armageddon">Battle for Armageddon</a></i> <ul><li><i>Chaos Attack</i> (Expansion for <i>Battle for Armageddon</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Doom of the Eldar</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk" title="Space Hulk">Space Hulk</a></i> (Four editions were published; expansions are listed below.) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Deathwing_(board_game)" title="Deathwing (board game)">Deathwing</a></i> (An expansion boxed set adding new Terminator weapons and a new campaign.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genestealer_(board_game)" title="Genestealer (board game)">Genestealer</a></i> (An expansion boxed set adding rules for Genestealer hybrids and psychic powers.)</li> <li><i>Space Hulk Campaigns</i> (An expansion book released in both soft and hard-cover collecting reprinted four campaigns previously printed in White Dwarf.)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Space_Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Space Crusade">Advanced Space Crusade</a></i></li> <li><i>Assassinorum: Execution Force</i></li> <li><i>Bommerz over da Sulphur River</i> (Board game using Epic miniatures.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorkamorka" title="Gorkamorka">Gorkamorka</a></i> (A vehicle skirmish game set on a desert world, revolving principally around rival Ork factions.) <ul><li><i>Digganob</i> (An expansion for Gorkamorka, adding rebel gretchin and feral human factions.)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Lost Patrol</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Fleet_(board_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Fleet (board game)">Space Fleet</a></i> (A simple spaceship combat game, later greatly expanded via White Dwarf magazine with material intended for the aborted 'Battleship Gothic', itself later relaunched as Battlefleet Gothic.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tyranid_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyranid Attack">Tyranid Attack</a></i> (An introductory game reusing the boards from Advanced Space Crusade.)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Marines" title="Ultra Marines">Ultra Marines</a></i> (An introductory game reusing the boards from Space Hulk.)</li> <li><i>Blackstone Fortress</i> (A cooperative board game set in the wreck of a large spaceship known as a Blackstone Fortress, using the previously Warhammer Fantasy-based Warhammer Quest system)</li></ul> <p>The success of the <i>Horus Heresy</i> line of novels lead to a launch in 2012 of a standalone <i>Horus Heresy</i> tabletop wargame and rulebook,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with basic models representing the eighteen Space Marine legions that precede the chapters and warbands of the <i>40,000</i> setting and named characters representing the superhuman primarchs. The game is marketed on the Games Workshop website as a separate line from the main editions of <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>, though some factions, like the Titans and Knights, include models or colour schemes designed to be playable in either setting. </p><p>Although there were plans to create a full-fledged <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> "pen and paper" <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing game</a> from the beginning,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these did not come to fruition for many years, until an official <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> role-playing game was published only in 2008, with the release of <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000_Roleplay" title="Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay">Dark Heresy</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Black_Industries" title="Black Industries">Black Industries</a>, a Games Workshop subsidiary. This system was later licensed to <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Flight_Games" title="Fantasy Flight Games">Fantasy Flight Games</a> for continued support and expansion. </p><p>Formerly Games Workshop licensed a number of <i>Warhammer 40K</i> themed products to Fantasy Flight Games. They specialise in board, card and role-playing games. Included in the licensed product were: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Heresy_(2010_board_game)" title="Horus Heresy (2010 board game)">Horus Heresy</a></i>: a board game focusing on the final battle of the Horus Heresy the battle for the Emperor's Palace; this game is a re-imagining of a game by the same name created by Jervis Johnson in the 1990s.</li> <li><i>Space Hulk: Death Angel, The Card Game</i>: the card game version of <i>Space Hulk</i>. Players cooperate as Space Marines in order to clear out the infestation of Genestealers on a derelict spaceship.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Conquest" title="Warhammer 40,000: Conquest">Warhammer 40,000: Conquest</a></i>: a <a href="/wiki/Living_Card_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="Living Card Game">Living Card Game</a> where players control various factions of the <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> setting in order to rule the sector.</li> <li><i>Forbidden Stars</i>: a board game that pits 4 popular <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> races against one another to control objectives and secure the sector for themselves.</li> <li><i>Relic</i>: an adaptation of the board game <i><a href="/wiki/Talisman_(board_game)" title="Talisman (board game)">Talisman</a></i> to the <i>Warhammer: 40,000</i> setting.</li> <li>The <i>Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay</i> series of <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">tabletop role-playing games</a>, which share many core mechanics as well as the setting: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Heresy_(role-playing_game)" title="Dark Heresy (role-playing game)">Dark Heresy</a></i>: players may assume the roles of a cell of Inquisitorial acolytes, or assume a different and equally small-scale scenario following the game's rules. The recommended scenarios and ruleset present a balance between investigation and combat encounters.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Trader_(role-playing_game)" title="Rogue Trader (role-playing game)">Rogue Trader</a></i>: players assume the roles of Explorers, whose rank and escalated privileges allow for travelling outside the Imperium's borders. Due to extensive expansions for <i>Rogue Trader</i>, campaigns can be largely different and altered by game masters. Its most significant difference from any of the other <i>Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay</i> titles is that it contains rules for capital spaceship design and space combat.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deathwatch_(role-playing_game)" title="Deathwatch (role-playing game)">Deathwatch</a></i>: the game allows players to role-play the Space Marines of the Adeptus Astartes, who are the gene-enhanced superhuman elite combat units of the Imperium of Man. In light of this, its ruleset heavily emphasises combat against difficult or numerically superior enemies, rather than negotiation and investigation, compared to <i>Dark Heresy</i> or <i>Rogue Trader</i>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Crusade_(role-playing_game)" title="Black Crusade (role-playing game)">Black Crusade</a></i>: <i>Black Crusade</i> allows players to role-play Chaos-corrupted characters. This instalment will be concluded with supplements. It is notably different in that it allows much more free-form character development, with experience costs being determined by affiliation with a Chaos God.</li> <li><i>Only War</i>: <i>Only War</i> puts players in the boots of the Imperial Guard, the foot soldiers of the Imperium of Man. Despite the human-level capabilities of the characters, it also emphasises combat over interaction, much like <i>Deathwatch</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Games from other publishers include: </p> <ul><li><i>Risk: Warhammer 40,000</i>: This is a 40K-themed variant of the board game <a href="/wiki/Risk_(game)" title="Risk (game)"><i>Risk</i></a>, published by The OP.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Monopoly: Warhammer 40,000</i>: A 40K-themed version of the board game <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)"><i>Monopoly</i></a>, published by The OP.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Munchkin Warhammer 40,000</i>: a 40K-themed edition of <a href="/wiki/Munchkin_(card_game)" title="Munchkin (card game)"><i>Munchkin</i></a>, released in 2019 by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jackson_Games" title="Steve Jackson Games">Steve Jackson Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Magic: the Gathering Universes Beyond: Warhammer 40,000</i> collaboration: A series of 40k-themed pre-constructed decks and limited edition collections of <a href="/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering" title="Magic: The Gathering"><i>Magic: the Gathering</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TV">TV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 17, 2019, Games Workshop and <a href="/wiki/Big_light_productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Big light productions">Big Light Productions</a> announced the development of a live-action TV series based on the character <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Eisenhorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregor Eisenhorn">Gregor Eisenhorn</a>, who is an Imperial Inquisitor.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Spotnitz" title="Frank Spotnitz">Frank Spotnitz</a> was to be the <a href="/wiki/Showrunner" title="Showrunner">showrunner</a> for the series. The series was expected to be based on the novels written by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Abnett" title="Dan Abnett">Dan Abnett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2022, Games Workshop released the animated series <i><a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_Bolter" title="Hammer and Bolter">Hammer and Bolter</a></i> on the Warhammer+ <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming service</a>. Each of the 15 half-hour episodes focused on a specific faction from the 40k universe, including the <a href="/wiki/Imperium_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium of Man">Imperium of Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaos_Space_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos Space Marines">Chaos Space Marines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ork_(Warhammer_40,000)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ork (Warhammer 40,000)">Orks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyranids" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyranids">Tyranids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Necrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Necrons">Necrons</a>. </p><p>In December 2022, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a> acquired the TV and film rights to the game after months of negotiations and fending off rival companies that also sought the rights. <a href="/wiki/Vertigo_Entertainment" title="Vertigo Entertainment">Vertigo Entertainment</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Roy_Lee" title="Roy Lee">Roy Lee</a> and Natalie Viscuso worked with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavill" title="Henry Cavill">Henry Cavill</a> to obtain the IP before taking it to Amazon Studios. Vertigo will executive produce with Games Workshop's Andy Smillie and Max Bottrill alongside Amazon MGM Studios. Henry Cavill will star and also serve as an executive producer of the series and further planned franchise.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2024, it was revealed that the franchise would be featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Level" title="Secret Level">Secret Level</a></i>, a video game <a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">anthology</a> series created by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(director)" title="Tim Miller (director)">Tim Miller</a> for <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 13, 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Ultramarines:_A_Warhammer_40,000_Movie" title="Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie">Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie</a></i> was released directly to DVD. It is a CGI science fiction film, based around the Ultramarines Chapter of Space Marines. The screenplay was written by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Abnett" title="Dan Abnett">Dan Abnett</a>, a Games Workshop Black Library author. The film was produced by <a href="/wiki/Codex_Pictures" title="Codex Pictures">Codex Pictures</a>, a UK-based company, under license from Games Workshop. It utilised animated <a href="/wiki/Facial_motion_capture" title="Facial motion capture">facial capture technology</a> from <a href="/wiki/Image_Metrics" title="Image Metrics">Image Metrics</a>. It was received poorly.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The album <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Chaos_(album)" title="Realm of Chaos (album)"><i>Realms of Chaos: Slaves to Darkness</i></a> by British <a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">death metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Bolt_Thrower" title="Bolt Thrower">Bolt Thrower</a> features lyrics as well as artwork based on the <i>Warhammer</i> and <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> brands, with the album's title design being identical to that of the eponymous Games Workshop books. </p><p>In the early 1990s Games Workshop set up their own label, <i>Warhammer Records</i>. The band <a href="/wiki/D-Rok" title="D-Rok">D-Rok</a> were signed to this label; their only album, <i>Oblivion</i>, featured songs based on <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>. </p><p>The song <a href="/wiki/Ants_from_Up_There" title="Ants from Up There"><i>Chaos Space Marine</i></a> by British <a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">experimental rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Black_Country,_New_Road" title="Black Country, New Road">Black Country, New Road</a> is named after the Chaos Space Marine in <i>Warhammer 40,000</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Issue 35 of <i><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(game_magazine)" title="Challenge (game magazine)">Challenge</a></i> (1988), John A. Theisen said "If this were intended as a serious science-fiction game, my criticisms would be enormous. However, it is not; it is undeniably action-oriented science-fantasy. As a result, by openly acknowledging that it is a fantasy game set in the far future, any comments on internal consistency, suspension of disbelief, and game rationale can be thrown out the nearest window. This is basically cosmic hack-and-slash, not an extrapolation of future-history-yet-to-come. And if that's the way you like to play, this game is fun, fun, fun."<sup id="cite_ref-challenge35_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenge35-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Issue 12 of the French magazine <i>Backstab</i> (1998), <a href="/wiki/Croc_(game_designer)" title="Croc (game designer)">Croc</a> noted that the rules in the 3rd edition had been immensely simplified, saying, "It's clear, Games Workshop is trying to lower the age of its players even further. The rules of <i>WH40K</i> are much simpler than previous ones, really bringing this edition closer to <i>Space Marine</i>. Units fire together, not figure by figure. No more alerting, no more hiding." His only complaint with the game was the sculpting of the Dark Eldar figurines, which he called, "ugly and badly sculpted, I don't know where they got the sculptor who did this but he should buy some glasses." Croc concluded by only giving the Dark Eldar figurines a rating of 5 out of 10, but giving the overall game 7 out of 10, saying, "It's a real treat for both old and new players."<sup id="cite_ref-bs_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bs-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Warhammer 40,000</i> 2nd Edition won the 1993 Origins Award for <i>Best Miniatures Rules</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> was inducted into the Origins Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Warhammer 40,000</i> 8th Edition won the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Origins_Awards" title="Origins Awards">Origins Awards</a> for Best Miniatures Game and Fan Favorite Miniatures Game.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Grimdark_Future" title="Grimdark Future">Grimdark Future</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Emperor_Trump" title="God Emperor Trump">God Emperor Trump</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icv2.com/articles/markets/view/46310/top-5-non-collectible-miniature-games-spring-2020">"Top 5 Non-Collectible Miniature Games—Spring 2020"</a>. <i>icv2.com</i>. 12 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210919072507/https://icv2.com/articles/markets/view/46310/top-5-non-collectible-miniature-games-spring-2020">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icv2.com&rft.atitle=Top+5+Non-Collectible+Miniature+Games%E2%80%94Spring+2020&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficv2.com%2Farticles%2Fmarkets%2Fview%2F46310%2Ftop-5-non-collectible-miniature-games-spring-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icv2.com/articles/markets/view/53653/top-non-collectible-miniatures-lines-fall-2022">"TOP NON-COLLECTIBLE MINIATURES LINES – FALL 2022"</a>. <i>icv2.com</i>. March 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icv2.com&rft.atitle=TOP+NON-COLLECTIBLE+MINIATURES+LINES+%E2%80%93+FALL+2022&rft.date=2023-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficv2.com%2Farticles%2Fmarkets%2Fview%2F53653%2Ftop-non-collectible-miniatures-lines-fall-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icv2.com/articles/markets/view/56556/top-miniatures-lines-fall-2023">"TOP MINIATURES LINES – FALL 2023"</a>. <i>icv2.com</i>. March 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icv2.com&rft.atitle=TOP+MINIATURES+LINES+%E2%80%93+FALL+2023&rft.date=2024-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficv2.com%2Farticles%2Fmarkets%2Fview%2F56556%2Ftop-miniatures-lines-fall-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdison_Investment_Research2019" class="citation web cs1">Edison Investment Research (10 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edisongroup.com/publication/on-a-mission/8447/">"On a Mission"</a>. www.edisongroup.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221112017/https://www.edisongroup.com/publication/on-a-mission/23904/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+a+Mission&rft.pub=www.edisongroup.com&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.au=Edison+Investment+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edisongroup.com%2Fpublication%2Fon-a-mission%2F8447%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span><br /><br />This market analysis does not break down sales figures between specific product lines, but it adds partial validity to the claim that <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> is most popular among the British, where Games Workshop's sales are strongest in general.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2012" class="citation web cs1">Ahmed, Samira (13 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17274186">"Why are adults still launching tabletop war?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013001519/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17274186">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-12</span></span>. <q>The prices for essential models, paints and books are 'eyewatering', he says. [...] 'You need at least £200 just to set up a half-decent legal army for a game, and if you want a board and scenery to go to play with friends you're looking at least £200 on top of that,' says Craig Lowdon, 25, of Crewe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+are+adults+still+launching+tabletop+war%3F&rft.date=2012-03-13&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Samira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-17274186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/britain/2018/10/06/britons-are-increasingly-turning-to-tabletop-games-for-entertainment">"Britons are increasingly turning to tabletop games for entertainment"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 4 Oct 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013014326/https://www.economist.com/britain/2018/10/06/britons-are-increasingly-turning-to-tabletop-games-for-entertainment">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-12</span></span>. <q>For years, Games Workshop was known primarily for two things: pricey products (a Warhammer army can cost well over £300, or $390)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Britons+are+increasingly+turning+to+tabletop+games+for+entertainment&rft.date=2018-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbritain%2F2018%2F10%2F06%2Fbritons-are-increasingly-turning-to-tabletop-games-for-entertainment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#refCarterEtAl2014">Carter et al. (2014)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThuborg2018" class="citation web cs1">Thuborg, Peter (10 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ageofminiatures.com/paint-your-first-army/">"A beginners guide to painting your first Warhammer army"</a>. <i>Age of Miniatures</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Age+of+Miniatures&rft.atitle=A+beginners+guide+to+painting+your+first+Warhammer+army&rft.date=2018-09-10&rft.aulast=Thuborg&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fageofminiatures.com%2Fpaint-your-first-army%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Warhammer 40,000</i> (core rulebook, 9th edition), p 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warhammerworld.warhammer-community.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/10/Updated-Model-Requirements.pdf">"Model Requirements for events at Warhammer World"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118092623/https://warhammerworld.warhammer-community.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/10/Updated-Model-Requirements.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+Requirements+for+events+at+Warhammer+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarhammerworld.warhammer-community.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F15%2F2019%2F10%2FUpdated-Model-Requirements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaer2021" class="citation web cs1">Baer, Rob (2021-05-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spikeybits.com/2021/05/games-workshop-opens-the-war-against-3d-artists.html">"Games Workshop Opens the War Against 3D Artists"</a>. <i>Spikey Bits</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713183757/https://spikeybits.com/2021/05/games-workshop-opens-the-war-against-3d-artists.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spikey+Bits&rft.atitle=Games+Workshop+Opens+the+War+Against+3D+Artists&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.aulast=Baer&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspikeybits.com%2F2021%2F05%2Fgames-workshop-opens-the-war-against-3d-artists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> Warhammer 40,000</i> (core rulebook, 8th ed.), p 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i> Warhammer 40,000: Index: Imperium 1</i> (8th ed.), p 202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aaron Dembski-Bowden (2017). <i>Master of Mankind</i>, Afterword</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts_2014-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_2014_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2014" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Adam (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T2rEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT42"><i>Get Started in: Writing Science Fiction and Fantasy</i></a>. Hachette UK. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444795660" title="Special:BookSources/9781444795660"><bdi>9781444795660</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150522033232/https://books.google.com/books?id=T2rEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT42">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Get+Started+in%3A+Writing+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781444795660&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT2rEAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader</i> (1987). pg 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2015" class="citation web cs1">Duffy, Owen (11 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518214819/http://cardboardsandwich.com/features/blood-dice-and-darkness-how-warhammer-defined-gaming-for-a-generation/">"Blood, dice and darkness: how Warhammer defined gaming for a generation"</a>. <i>Cardboard Sandwich</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cardboardsandwich.com/features/blood-dice-and-darkness-how-warhammer-defined-gaming-for-a-generation/">the original</a> on 18 May 2016. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Bryan's idea of Chaos was very much derived from [science fiction and fantasy author] Michael Moorcock,' he said. 'I always thought it was a little too close for comfort, it looked like we were just copying.'<br />'But I'd always had this sense of Chaos existing as described in <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>. I'd tried to bring elements of that into the background and gradually change it from a description of daemons into a kind of force out of which came realities, a kind of literal primal chaos.'<br />"'Unless you've read <i>Paradise Lost</i> you don't get it. The whole Horus Heresy is just a parody of the fall of Lucifer as described by Milton.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cardboard+Sandwich&rft.atitle=Blood%2C+dice+and+darkness%3A+how+Warhammer+defined+gaming+for+a+generation&rft.date=2015-12-11&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcardboardsandwich.com%2Ffeatures%2Fblood-dice-and-darkness-how-warhammer-defined-gaming-for-a-generation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reddit.com/r/40kLore/comments/9z42fy/qa_with_rick_priestley_part_2_the_lore_of/">Q&A with Rick Priestley (Reddit.com)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190304220137/https://www.reddit.com/r/40kLore/comments/9z42fy/qa_with_rick_priestley_part_2_the_lore_of/">Archived</a> 2019-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "...that's the essence of chaos—its physic energy shaped by the human unconsciousness—it is not good/bad—but likewise it is not logical—it is Monsters from the Id in the same sense as in <i>Forbidden Planet</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2015" class="citation web cs1">Duffy, Owen (11 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518214819/http://cardboardsandwich.com/features/blood-dice-and-darkness-how-warhammer-defined-gaming-for-a-generation/">"Blood, dice and darkness: how Warhammer defined gaming for a generation"</a>. <i>Cardboard Sandwich</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cardboardsandwich.com/features/blood-dice-and-darkness-how-warhammer-defined-gaming-for-a-generation/">the original</a> on 18 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cardboard+Sandwich&rft.atitle=Blood%2C+dice+and+darkness%3A+how+Warhammer+defined+gaming+for+a+generation&rft.date=2015-12-11&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcardboardsandwich.com%2Ffeatures%2Fblood-dice-and-darkness-how-warhammer-defined-gaming-for-a-generation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVela2023" class="citation web cs1">Vela, Larry (2023-06-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belloflostsouls.net/2023/06/warhammer-40k-what-is-the-astronomican-anyway.html">"Warhammer 40K: What Is The Astronomican Anyway?"</a>. <i>Bell of Lost Souls</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bell+of+Lost+Souls&rft.atitle=Warhammer+40K%3A+What+Is+The+Astronomican+Anyway%3F&rft.date=2023-06-23&rft.aulast=Vela&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belloflostsouls.net%2F2023%2F06%2Fwarhammer-40k-what-is-the-astronomican-anyway.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munoz-Gueardo-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Munoz-Gueardo_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Munoz-Gueardo_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuñoz-GueradoTriviño-Cabrera2018" class="citation journal cs1">Muñoz-Guerado, Alejandro; Triviño-Cabrera, Laura (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/cjcs.10.2.193_1">"The erasure of female representation in geek spaces as an element for the construction of Geek identity: The case of <i>Warhammer 40.000</i>"</a>. <i>Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies</i>. <b>10</b> (2): 193–211. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1386%2Fcjcs.10.2.193_1">10.1386/cjcs.10.2.193_1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1757-1898">1757-1898</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150166286">150166286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Catalan+Journal+of+Communication+%26+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=The+erasure+of+female+representation+in+geek+spaces+as+an+element+for+the+construction+of+Geek+identity%3A+The+case+of+Warhammer+40.000&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=193-211&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150166286%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1757-1898&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1386%2Fcjcs.10.2.193_1&rft.aulast=Mu%C3%B1oz-Guerado&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft.au=Trivi%C3%B1o-Cabrera%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fintellectdiscover.com%2Fcontent%2Fjournals%2F10.1386%2Fcjcs.10.2.193_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howard-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Howard_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2014" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Jeff (2014). "Chaos Magic". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/878262785"><i>Game Magic: A Designer's Guide to Magic Systems in Theory and Practice</i></a>. Boca Raton, FL: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_and_Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor and Francis">Taylor and Francis</a>. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-6787-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4665-6787-0"><bdi>978-1-4665-6787-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/878262785">878262785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chaos+Magic&rft.btitle=Game+Magic%3A+A+Designer%27s+Guide+to+Magic+Systems+in+Theory+and+Practice&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=CRC+Press%2C+Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F878262785&rft.isbn=978-1-4665-6787-0&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F878262785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2023" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, Allen (2023-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belloflostsouls.net/2023/06/how-to-play-death-guard-in-warhammer-40k-9th-edition.html">"How To Play Death Guard In Warhammer 40K"</a>. <i>Bell of Lost Souls</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bell+of+Lost+Souls&rft.atitle=How+To+Play+Death+Guard+In+Warhammer+40K&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belloflostsouls.net%2F2023%2F06%2Fhow-to-play-death-guard-in-warhammer-40k-9th-edition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belloflostsouls.net/2023/02/how-to-play-world-eaters-in-warhammer-40k.html">"How to play World Eaters in Warhammer 40k"</a>. <i>Bell of Lost Souls</i>. February 17, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bell+of+Lost+Souls&rft.atitle=How+to+play+World+Eaters+in+Warhammer+40k&rft.date=2023-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belloflostsouls.net%2F2023%2F02%2Fhow-to-play-world-eaters-in-warhammer-40k.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-factionfocus-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-factionfocus_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegamer.com/warhammer-40000-faction-focus-history-story-necrons/">"Warhammer 40,000 Faction Focus—Necrons"</a>. <i>TheGamer</i>. 2020-07-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221112010/https://www.thegamer.com/warhammer-40000-faction-focus-history-story-necrons/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGamer&rft.atitle=Warhammer+40%2C000+Faction+Focus%E2%80%94Necrons&rft.date=2020-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegamer.com%2Fwarhammer-40000-faction-focus-history-story-necrons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Warhammer 40,000: Index: Xenos 2</i> p 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>White Dwarf</i> #114 (1989), pp. 31–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrigan2016" class="citation book cs1">Harrigan, Pat (2016). <i>Zones of Control: Perspectives on Wargaming</i>. Kirschenbaum, Matthew G. Cambridge, Massachusetts. pp. 608–611. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262334945" title="Special:BookSources/9780262334945"><bdi>9780262334945</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/947837974">947837974</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zones+of+Control%3A+Perspectives+on+Wargaming&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=608-611&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F947837974&rft.isbn=9780262334945&rft.aulast=Harrigan&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A pulse rifle has a Strength score of 5 whereas a boltgun has a Strength score of 4. See <i>Index: Imperium 1</i> and <i>Index: Xenos 2</i> (8th edition).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://juegosydados.com/2016/08/26/interview-with-rick-priestley/">"Interview with Rick Priestley"</a>. <i>Juegos y Dados</i>. 26 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020095009/https://juegosydados.com/2016/08/26/interview-with-rick-priestley/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Juegos+y+Dados&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Rick+Priestley&rft.date=2016-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjuegosydados.com%2F2016%2F08%2F26%2Finterview-with-rick-priestley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dragon-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dragon_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolston1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Rolston" title="Ken Rolston">Rolston, Ken</a> (January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://annarchive.com/files/Drmg129.pdf">"Advanced hack-and-slash"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(magazine)" title="Dragon (magazine)">Dragon</a></i> (129). <a href="/wiki/TSR_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="TSR (company)">TSR, Inc.</a>: 86–87. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211225082912/https://annarchive.com/files/Drmg129.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dragon&rft.atitle=Advanced+hack-and-slash&rft.issue=129&rft.pages=86-87&rft.date=1988-01&rft.aulast=Rolston&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fannarchive.com%2Ffiles%2FDrmg129.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Warhammer 40,000". <i>White Dwarf</i>. No. 93. Games Workshop. September 1987. pp. 33–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=White+Dwarf&rft.atitle=Warhammer+40%2C000&rft.issue=93&rft.pages=33-44&rft.date=1987-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriestley1987" class="citation book cs1">Priestley, Rick (1987) [1992]. <i>Rogue Trader</i>. Eastwood: Games Workshop. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872372-27-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-872372-27-9"><bdi>1-872372-27-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rogue+Trader&rft.place=Eastwood&rft.pub=Games+Workshop&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=1-872372-27-9&rft.aulast=Priestley&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The High Lords Speak". <i>White Dwarf</i> (343). <a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a>: 35–36. June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=White+Dwarf&rft.atitle=The+High+Lords+Speak&rft.issue=343&rft.pages=35-36&rft.date=2008-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>White Dwarf</i> (June, 2008) pp. 34–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Maliszewski2020" class="citation web cs1">James Maliszewski (13 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grognardia.blogspot.com/2020/11/interview-rick-priestley-part-ii.html">"Interview: Rick Priestley (Part II)"</a>. <i>Grognardia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507024222/http://grognardia.blogspot.com/2020/11/interview-rick-priestley-part-ii.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grognardia&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+Rick+Priestley+%28Part+II%29&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.au=James+Maliszewski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrognardia.blogspot.com%2F2020%2F11%2Finterview-rick-priestley-part-ii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belloflostsouls.net/2020/03/warhammer-40k-a-history-of-editions-1st-2nd-edition.html">"Warhammer 40K: A History of Editions—1st & 2nd Edition"</a>. 25 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905140016/https://www.belloflostsouls.net/2020/03/warhammer-40k-a-history-of-editions-1st-2nd-edition.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warhammer+40K%3A+A+History+of+Editions%E2%80%941st+%26+2nd+Edition&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belloflostsouls.net%2F2020%2F03%2Fwarhammer-40k-a-history-of-editions-1st-2nd-edition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Priestley_1998-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Priestley_1998_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriestley1998" class="citation book cs1">Priestley, Rick; et al. (1998). <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> (3rd ed.). Nottingham: Games Workshop. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84154-000-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84154-000-5"><bdi>1-84154-000-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warhammer+40%2C000&rft.place=Nottingham&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Games+Workshop&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-84154-000-5&rft.aulast=Priestley&rft.aufirst=Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriver" class="citation web cs1">Driver, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rpg.net/news+reviews/reviews/rev_1577.html">"Warhammer 40K, 3rd edition"</a>. <i>RPGnet</i>. Skotos Tech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224215941/http://www.rpg.net/news+reviews/reviews/rev_1577.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RPGnet&rft.atitle=Warhammer+40K%2C+3rd+edition&rft.aulast=Driver&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpg.net%2Fnews%2Breviews%2Freviews%2Frev_1577.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FT_2002-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FT_2002_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthrie2002" class="citation news cs1">Guthrie, Jonathon (July 31, 2002). "Games Workshop runs rings around its rivals". <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. p. 20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/249274306">249274306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Games+Workshop+runs+rings+around+its+rivals&rft.pages=20&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=Jonathon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambersPriestley,_RickHaines,_Pete2004" class="citation book cs1">Chambers, Andy; Priestley, Rick; Haines, Pete (2004). <i>Warhammer 40,000</i> (4th ed.). Nottingham: Games Workshop. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84154-468-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-84154-468-X"><bdi>1-84154-468-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warhammer+40%2C000&rft.place=Nottingham&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Games+Workshop&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84154-468-X&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft.au=Priestley%2C+Rick&rft.au=Haines%2C+Pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White_Dwarf_July_2008-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-White_Dwarf_July_2008_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-White_Dwarf_July_2008_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"in the Pipeline". <i>White Dwarf</i> (343). July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=White+Dwarf&rft.atitle=in+the+Pipeline&rft.issue=343&rft.date=2008-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?catId=cat440160a&prodId=prod1620012a">"Games Workshop"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625220931/http://www.games-workshop.com/gws/catalog/productDetail.jsp?catId=cat440160a&prodId=prod1620012a">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-06-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Games+Workshop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.games-workshop.com%2Fgws%2Fcatalog%2FproductDetail.jsp%3FcatId%3Dcat440160a%26prodId%3Dprod1620012a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wh40k.lexicanum.com/wiki/Warhammer_40,000_6th_Edition_Rulebook">"Warhammer 40,000 6th Edition Rulebook—Warhammer 40k"</a>. Lexicanum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225124745/https://wh40k.lexicanum.com/wiki/Warhammer_40,000_6th_Edition_Rulebook">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-02-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warhammer+40%2C000+6th+Edition+Rulebook%E2%80%94Warhammer+40k&rft.pub=Lexicanum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwh40k.lexicanum.com%2Fwiki%2FWarhammer_40%2C000_6th_Edition_Rulebook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goonhammer.com/start-competing-imperial-knights/">"Start Competing: Imperial Knights Tactics"</a>. Goonhammer. 27 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220131181017/https://www.goonhammer.com/start-competing-imperial-knights/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Start+Competing%3A+Imperial+Knights+Tactics&rft.pub=Goonhammer&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goonhammer.com%2Fstart-competing-imperial-knights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarden" class="citation web cs1">Harden, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.games-workshop.com/en-GB/What's-New-Today-from-the-White-Dwarf-Team/2014/05/01/White-Dwarf-the-herald-of-things-to-come">"White Dwarf, the herald of things to come…"</a>. Games Workshop. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140602063317/http://www.games-workshop.com/en-GB/What%27s-New-Today-from-the-White-Dwarf-Team/2014/05/01/White-Dwarf-the-herald-of-things-to-come">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+Dwarf%2C+the+herald+of+things+to+come%E2%80%A6&rft.pub=Games+Workshop&rft.aulast=Harden&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.games-workshop.com%2Fen-GB%2FWhat%27s-New-Today-from-the-White-Dwarf-Team%2F2014%2F05%2F01%2FWhite-Dwarf-the-herald-of-things-to-come&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140626042834/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDDcX8a-9uA"><i>NEW! Warhammer 40,000: The Psychic Phase</i></a>. 16 May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDDcX8a-9uA&list=PLEaPE4sLDA7uq91iOuAUyP2mrBaSOAsv-&index=5">the original</a> on 2014-06-26 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEW%21+Warhammer+40%2C000%3A+The+Psychic+Phase&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRDDcX8a-9uA%26list%3DPLEaPE4sLDA7uq91iOuAUyP2mrBaSOAsv-%26index%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140514051949/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RE4H93c7U5Y&gl=US&hl=en"><i>NEW! Warhammer 40,000: Maelstrom of War Missions</i></a>. 16 May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RE4H93c7U5Y&list=PLEaPE4sLDA7uq91iOuAUyP2mrBaSOAsv-&index=6">the original</a> on 2014-05-14 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEW%21+Warhammer+40%2C000%3A+Maelstrom+of+War+Missions&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRE4H93c7U5Y%26list%3DPLEaPE4sLDA7uq91iOuAUyP2mrBaSOAsv-%26index%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140607000416/http://www.games-workshop.com/en-US/Warhammer-40-000-Tactical-Objectives;jsessionid=8C6F7FA6456A6521163193168C667F1C">"Warhammer 40,000: Tactical Objectives"</a>. <i>Games Workshop Webstore</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.games-workshop.com/en-US/Warhammer-40-000-Tactical-Objectives;jsessionid=8C6F7FA6456A6521163193168C667F1C">the original</a> on 2014-06-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Games+Workshop+Webstore&rft.atitle=Warhammer+40%2C000%3A+Tactical+Objectives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.games-workshop.com%2Fen-US%2FWarhammer-40-000-Tactical-Objectives%3Bjsessionid%3D8C6F7FA6456A6521163193168C667F1C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140512093336/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JnMByJVUow&gl=US&hl=en"><i>NEW! Warhammer 40,000: New army organisation options</i></a>. 16 May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JnMByJVUow&list=PLEaPE4sLDA7uq91iOuAUyP2mrBaSOAsv-&index=4">the original</a> on 2014-05-12 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEW%21+Warhammer+40%2C000%3A+New+army+organisation+options&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7JnMByJVUow%26list%3DPLEaPE4sLDA7uq91iOuAUyP2mrBaSOAsv-%26index%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/04/22/breaking-news/">"Breaking News!"</a>. <i>Warhammer Community</i>. 2017-04-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707140655/https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/04/22/breaking-news/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warhammer+Community&rft.atitle=Breaking+News%21&rft.date=2017-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhammer-community.com%2F2017%2F04%2F22%2Fbreaking-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/06/03/dark-imperium-pre-orders/">"Dark Imperium Pre-orders"</a>. <i>Warhammer Community</i>. 2017-06-03. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710045103/https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/06/03/dark-imperium-pre-orders/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warhammer+Community&rft.atitle=Dark+Imperium+Pre-orders&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhammer-community.com%2F2017%2F06%2F03%2Fdark-imperium-pre-orders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/06/17/new-edition-now-available-read-the-rules-get-the-t-shirtgw-homepage-post-1/">"New Edition Now Available—Read the Rules, Get the T-Shirt!"</a>. <i>Warhammer Community</i>. 2017-06-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705194351/https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/06/17/new-edition-now-available-read-the-rules-get-the-t-shirtgw-homepage-post-1/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warhammer+Community&rft.atitle=New+Edition+Now+Available%E2%80%94Read+the+Rules%2C+Get+the+T-Shirt%21&rft.date=2017-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhammer-community.com%2F2017%2F06%2F17%2Fnew-edition-now-available-read-the-rules-get-the-t-shirtgw-homepage-post-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/04/24/new-warhammer-40000-three-ways-to-play/">"New Warhammer 40,000: Three Ways to Play"</a>. <i>Warhammer Community</i>. 2017-04-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710014716/https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/04/24/new-warhammer-40000-three-ways-to-play/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warhammer+Community&rft.atitle=New+Warhammer+40%2C000%3A+Three+Ways+to+Play&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhammer-community.com%2F2017%2F04%2F24%2Fnew-warhammer-40000-three-ways-to-play%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.games-workshop.com/en-US/Warhammer-40000-Rules">"Rules"</a>. Games Workshop. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801201900/https://www.games-workshop.com/en-US/Warhammer-40000-Rules">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules&rft.pub=Games+Workshop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.games-workshop.com%2Fen-US%2FWarhammer-40000-Rules&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/04/23/new-warhammer-40000-the-galaxy-mapgw-homepage-post-1/">"New Warhammer 40,000: The Galaxy Map"</a>. <i>Warhammer Community</i>. 2017-04-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025901/https://www.warhammer-community.com/2017/04/23/new-warhammer-40000-the-galaxy-mapgw-homepage-post-1/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warhammer+Community&rft.atitle=New+Warhammer+40%2C000%3A+The+Galaxy+Map&rft.date=2017-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhammer-community.com%2F2017%2F04%2F23%2Fnew-warhammer-40000-the-galaxy-mapgw-homepage-post-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy2018" class="citation book cs1">Guy, Haley (2018). <i>DARK IMPERIUM</i>. [S.l.]: GAMES WORKSHOP LTD. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781784966645" title="Special:BookSources/9781784966645"><bdi>9781784966645</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/989984121">989984121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DARK+IMPERIUM.&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pub=GAMES+WORKSHOP+LTD&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F989984121&rft.isbn=9781784966645&rft.aulast=Guy&rft.aufirst=Haley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Priestley, Rick; et al. (1998) pp. 270–272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoD-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CoD_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare,_Andy2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoare, Andy (2006). <i>Cities of Death</i>. Nottingham: Games Workshop. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84154-749-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84154-749-2"><bdi>1-84154-749-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+Death&rft.place=Nottingham&rft.pub=Games+Workshop&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-84154-749-2&rft.au=Hoare%2C+Andy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Baxter_(author)" title="Stephen Baxter (author)">Baxter, Stephen</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216083901/http://www.vectormagazine.co.uk/article.asp?articleID=42">"Freedom in an Owned World: Warhammer Fiction and the Interzone Generation"</a>. <i>Vector: The Critical Journal of the British Science Fiction Association</i>. <b>229</b>. <a href="/wiki/British_Science_Fiction_Association" title="British Science Fiction Association">British Science Fiction Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vectormagazine.co.uk/article.asp?articleID=42">the original</a> on 2012-02-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vector%3A+The+Critical+Journal+of+the+British+Science+Fiction+Association&rft.atitle=Freedom+in+an+Owned+World%3A+Warhammer+Fiction+and+the+Interzone+Generation&rft.volume=229&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vectormagazine.co.uk%2Farticle.asp%3FarticleID%3D42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufeldSmith,_Jeremy2006" class="citation book cs1">Kaufeld, John; Smith, Jeremy (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tradingcardgames00kauf/page/186"><i>Trading Card Games For Dummies</i></a></span>. For Dummies. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tradingcardgames00kauf/page/186">186</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-75416-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-75416-9"><bdi>978-0-471-75416-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trading+Card+Games+For+Dummies&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=For+Dummies&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-471-75416-9&rft.aulast=Kaufeld&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftradingcardgames00kauf%2Fpage%2F186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2018" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Charlie (22 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2018/5/22/17380300/warhammer-40000-young-adult-fiction-black-library">"Warhammer 40,000 is launching a line of young adult fiction and fans are confused"</a>. <i>Polygon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180522185720/https://www.polygon.com/2018/5/22/17380300/warhammer-40000-young-adult-fiction-black-library">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Warhammer+40%2C000+is+launching+a+line+of+young+adult+fiction+and+fans+are+confused&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2018%2F5%2F22%2F17380300%2Fwarhammer-40000-young-adult-fiction-black-library&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/GOVrmfXolQg">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160608192329/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOVrmfXolQg&gl=US&hl=en">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOVrmfXolQg"><i>The Warhammer 40k License—A Total Change of Strategy</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Extra_Credits" title="Extra Credits">Extra Credits</a></i>. June 8, 2016 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Warhammer+40k+License%E2%80%94A+Total+Change+of+Strategy&rft.date=2016-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGOVrmfXolQg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBickham2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bickham, Jes, ed. (October 2012). "The Horus Heresy". [Feature article]. <i><a href="/wiki/White_Dwarf_(magazine)" title="White Dwarf (magazine)">White Dwarf</a></i> (394) (UK print ed.). Nottingham, UK: Games Workshop. 82–89, insert. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0265-8712">0265-8712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=White+Dwarf&rft.atitle=The+Horus+Heresy&rft.issue=394&rft.pages=82-89%2C+insert&rft.date=2012-10&rft.issn=0265-8712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1988" class="citation journal cs1">Edwards, Darren (1988). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dicebreaker&rft.atitle=Risk%3A+Warhammer+40%2C000+is+marching+onto+shelves+this+autumn&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft.aulast=Meehan&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dicebreaker.com%2Fgames%2Frisk-warhammer-40000%2Fnews%2Frisk-warhammer-40k-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Bolding2018" class="citation news cs1">Jonathan Bolding (2018-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamer.com/warhammer-40k-monopoly-is-a-thing-now-because-of-course-it-is/">"Warhammer 40k Monopoly is a thing now, because of course it is"</a>. <i>PC Gamer</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018020224/https://www.pcgamer.com/warhammer-40k-monopoly-is-a-thing-now-because-of-course-it-is/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Warhammer+40k+Monopoly+is+a+thing+now%2C+because+of+course+it+is&rft.date=2018-07-13&rft.au=Jonathan+Bolding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fwarhammer-40k-monopoly-is-a-thing-now-because-of-course-it-is%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roterdorn.de/spiel/munchkin-warhammer-40-000/">"Munchkin Warhammer 40.000 - Rezension Kartenspiel"</a>. <i>roterdorn - Das Medienportal</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018020222/https://www.roterdorn.de/spiel/munchkin-warhammer-40-000/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICv2&rft.atitle=2018+Origins+Award+Winners&rft.date=2018-06-18&rft.aulast=Griepp&rft.aufirst=Milton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficv2.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fview%2F40667%2F2018-origins-awards-winners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhammer-community.com/2020/07/02/free-core-rules-new-models-sighted/"><i>Warhammer 40,000</i> Core Rules (free PDF)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="refCarterEtAl2014" class="citation journal cs1">Marcus Carter; Martin Gibbs; Mitchell Harrop (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1555412013513349">"Drafting an Army: The Playful Pastime of Warhammer 40,000"</a>. <i>Games and Culture</i>. <b>9</b> (2): 122–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1555412013513349">10.1177/1555412013513349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:61280574">61280574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Games+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Drafting+an+Army%3A+The+Playful+Pastime+of+Warhammer+40%2C000&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=122-147&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1555412013513349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A61280574%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Marcus+Carter&rft.au=Martin+Gibbs&rft.au=Mitchell+Harrop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F1555412013513349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyder2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ryder, Mike (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fantastikajournal.com/_files/ugd/25b7cd_00c235625eec42eeb2fa47fc01ce51be.pdf">"Conscripts from birth: war and soldiery in the grim darkness of the far future"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fantastika</i>. <b>5</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fantastika&rft.atitle=Conscripts+from+birth%3A+war+and+soldiery+in+the+grim+darkness+of+the+far+future&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Ryder&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fantastikajournal.com%2F_files%2Fugd%2F25b7cd_00c235625eec42eeb2fa47fc01ce51be.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWarhammer+40%2C000" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Warhammer 40,000</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Warhammer_40,000" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Warhammer 40,000">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209026" class="extiw" title="d:Q209026">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Warhammer_40,000" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Warhammer_40,000" title="Template:Warhammer 40,000"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Warhammer_40,000" title="Template talk:Warhammer 40,000"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Warhammer_40,000" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Warhammer 40,000"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Warhammer_40,000" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warhammer 40,000</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rule books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader" title="Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader">Rogue Trader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Codex:_Imperial_Guard" title="Codex: Imperial Guard">Codex: Imperial Guard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Armour" title="Imperial Armour">Imperial Armour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Codex_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Codex (Warhammer 40,000)">Codex (Warhammer 40,000)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datasheet_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Datasheet (Warhammer 40,000)">Datasheet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spin-offs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adeptus_Titanicus" title="Adeptus Titanicus">Adeptus Titanicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeronautica_Imperialis" title="Aeronautica Imperialis">Aeronautica Imperialis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battlefleet_Gothic" title="Battlefleet Gothic">Battlefleet Gothic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Millennium" title="Dark Millennium">Dark Millennium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epic_(game)" title="Epic (game)">Epic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorkamorka" title="Gorkamorka">Gorkamorka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Heresy_(card_game)" title="Horus Heresy (card game)">Horus Heresy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inquisitor_(game)" title="Inquisitor (game)">Inquisitor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Necromunda" title="Necromunda">Necromunda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Crusade" title="Space Crusade">Space Crusade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk" title="Space Hulk">Space Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000_Collectible_Card_Game" title="Warhammer 40,000 Collectible Card Game">Warhammer 40,000 Collectible Card Game</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Warhammer_video_games#Warhammer_40,000" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Warhammer video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Crusade_(video_game)" title="Space Crusade (video game)">Space Crusade</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk_(1993_video_game)" title="Space Hulk (1993 video game)"><i>Space Hulk</i> (1993)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk:_Vengeance_of_the_Blood_Angels" title="Space Hulk: Vengeance of the Blood Angels">Vengeance of the Blood Angels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Final_Liberation:_Warhammer_Epic_40,000" title="Final Liberation: Warhammer Epic 40,000">Final Liberation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Chaos_Gate" title="Warhammer 40,000: Chaos Gate">Chaos Gate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Rites_of_War" title="Warhammer 40,000: Rites of War">Rites of War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorkamorka_(video_game)" title="Gorkamorka (video game)">Gorkamorka</a></i> (cancelled)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Fire_Warrior" title="Warhammer 40,000: Fire Warrior">Fire Warrior</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dawn_of_War" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War">Dawn of War</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dawn_of_War_%E2%80%93_Winter_Assault" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War – Winter Assault">Winter Assault</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dawn_of_War_%E2%80%93_Dark_Crusade" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War – Dark Crusade">Dark Crusade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dawn_of_War_%E2%80%93_Soulstorm" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War – Soulstorm">Soulstorm</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Glory_in_Death" title="Warhammer 40,000: Glory in Death">Glory in Death</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Squad_Command" title="Warhammer 40,000: Squad Command">Squad Command</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dawn_of_War_II" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War II">Dawn of War II</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dawn_of_War_II_%E2%80%93_Chaos_Rising" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War II – Chaos Rising">Chaos Rising</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dawn_of_War_II_%E2%80%93_Retribution" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War II – Retribution">Retribution</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Kill_Team" title="Warhammer 40,000: Kill Team">Kill Team</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Space_Marine" title="Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine">Space Marine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dark_Millennium" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dark Millennium">Dark Millennium</a></i> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk_(2013_video_game)" title="Space Hulk (2013 video game)"><i>Space Hulk</i> (2013)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Storm_of_Vengeance" title="Warhammer 40,000: Storm of Vengeance">Storm of Vengeance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Carnage" title="Warhammer 40,000: Carnage">Carnage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Space_Wolf" title="Warhammer 40,000: Space Wolf">Space Wolf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk:_Ascension" title="Space Hulk: Ascension">Space Hulk: Ascension</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Armageddon" title="Warhammer 40,000: Armageddon">Armageddon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Deathwatch" title="Warhammer 40,000: Deathwatch">Deathwatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Regicide" title="Warhammer 40,000: Regicide">Regicide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eisenhorn:_Xenos" title="Eisenhorn: Xenos">Eisenhorn: Xenos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battlefleet_Gothic:_Armada" title="Battlefleet Gothic: Armada">Battlefleet Gothic: Armada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Eternal_Crusade" title="Warhammer 40,000: Eternal Crusade">Eternal Crusade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk:_Deathwing" title="Space Hulk: Deathwing">Space Hulk: Deathwing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Sanctus_Reach" title="Warhammer 40,000: Sanctus Reach">Sanctus Reach</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Dawn_of_War_III" title="Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of War III">Dawn of War III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Inquisitor_%E2%80%93_Martyr" title="Warhammer 40,000: Inquisitor – Martyr">Inquisitor – Martyr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Gladius_%E2%80%93_Relics_of_War" title="Warhammer 40,000: Gladius – Relics of War">Gladius – Relics of War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk:_Tactics" title="Space Hulk: Tactics">Space Hulk: Tactics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Mechanicus" title="Warhammer 40,000: Mechanicus">Mechanicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battlefleet_Gothic:_Armada_2" title="Battlefleet Gothic: Armada 2">Battlefleet Gothic: Armada 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Necromunda:_Underhive_Wars" title="Necromunda: Underhive Wars">Necromunda: Underhive Wars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Necromunda:_Hired_Gun" title="Necromunda: Hired Gun">Necromunda: Hired Gun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Battlesector" title="Warhammer 40,000: Battlesector">Battlesector</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Chaos_Gate_-_Daemonhunters" title="Warhammer 40,000: Chaos Gate - Daemonhunters">Chaos Gate - Daemonhunters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Tacticus" title="Warhammer 40,000: Tacticus">Tacticus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Shootas,_Blood_and_Teef" class="mw-redirect" title="Warhammer 40,000: Shootas, Blood and Teef">Shootas, Blood and Teef</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Darktide" title="Warhammer 40,000: Darktide">Darktide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Boltgun" title="Warhammer 40,000: Boltgun">Boltgun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Rogue_Trader_(video_game)" title="Warhammer 40,000: Rogue Trader (video game)">Rogue Trader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Space_Marine_2" title="Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine 2">Space Marine 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000_Roleplay" title="Warhammer 40,000 Roleplay">Roleplay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Heresy_(role-playing_game)" title="Dark Heresy (role-playing game)">Dark Heresy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Trader_(role-playing_game)" title="Rogue Trader (role-playing game)">Rogue Trader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deathwatch_(role-playing_game)" title="Deathwatch (role-playing game)">Deathwatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Crusade_(role-playing_game)" title="Black Crusade (role-playing game)">Black Crusade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Only_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Only War">Only War</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Print media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Dwarf_(magazine)" title="White Dwarf (magazine)">White Dwarf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Warhammer 40,000 novels"><i>Warhammer 40,000</i> novels</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ciaphas_Cain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciaphas Cain">Ciaphas Cain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eisenhorn" title="Eisenhorn">Eisenhorn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_and_Only" title="First and Only">First and Only</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaunt%27s_Ghosts" title="Gaunt's Ghosts">Gaunt's Ghosts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horus_Heresy_(novels)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Horus Heresy (novels)">The Horus Heresy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000_comics" title="Warhammer 40,000 comics"><i>Warhammer 40,000</i> comics</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_and_Thunder_(comics)" title="Blood and Thunder (comics)">Blood and Thunder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Damnation_Crusade" title="Damnation Crusade">Damnation Crusade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Choices_(graphic_novella)" title="Hard Choices (graphic novella)">Hard Choices</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Redeemer" title="The Redeemer">The Redeemer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_Monthly" title="Warhammer Monthly">Warhammer Monthly</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultramarines:_A_Warhammer_40,000_Movie" title="Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie">Ultramarines: A Warhammer 40,000 Movie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_Bolter" title="Hammer and Bolter">Hammer and Bolter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Level" title="Secret Level">Secret Level</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abaddon_despoliator" title="Abaddon despoliator">Abaddon despoliator</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grimdark_Future" title="Grimdark Future">Grimdark Future</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_of_Chaos" title="Symbol of Chaos">Symbol of Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Marine_(Warhammer_40,000)" title="Space Marine (Warhammer 40,000)">Space Marine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Games_Workshop" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Games_Workshop" title="Template:Games Workshop"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Games_Workshop" title="Template talk:Games Workshop"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Games_Workshop" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Games Workshop"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Games_Workshop" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Warhammer 40,000</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Strategy_Battle_Game" title="Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game">Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_Age_of_Sigmar" title="Warhammer Age of Sigmar">Warhammer Age of Sigmar</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Games_Workshop_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Games_Workshop_logo.svg/150px-Games_Workshop_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Games_Workshop_logo.svg/225px-Games_Workshop_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Games_Workshop_logo.svg/300px-Games_Workshop_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spinoff games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adeptus_Titanicus" title="Adeptus Titanicus">Adeptus Titanicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeronautica_Imperialis" title="Aeronautica Imperialis">Aeronautica Imperialis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Bowl" title="Blood Bowl">Blood Bowl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Necromunda" title="Necromunda">Necromunda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WarCry_(game)" title="WarCry (game)">Warcry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000:_Kill_Team#Tabletop_game" title="Warhammer 40,000: Kill Team">Warhammer 40,000: Kill Team</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Role-playing games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Heresy_(role-playing_game)" title="Dark Heresy (role-playing game)">Dark Heresy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_Fantasy_Roleplay" title="Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay">Warhammer Fantasy Roleplay</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_HeroQuest" title="Advanced HeroQuest">Advanced HeroQuest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Assassinorum:_Execution_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassinorum: Execution Force">Assassinorum: Execution Force</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battlefleet_Gothic" title="Battlefleet Gothic">Battlefleet Gothic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_Warrior" title="Chainsaw Warrior">Chainsaw Warrior</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromunda#History" title="Necromunda"><i>Confrontation</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Future" title="Dark Future">Dark Future</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreadfleet" title="Dreadfleet">Dreadfleet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Bowl#Second_Edition" title="Blood Bowl"><i>Dungeonbowl</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_(game)" title="Epic (game)"><i>Epic</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorkamorka" title="Gorkamorka">Gorkamorka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Heresy_(card_game)" title="Horus Heresy (card game)">Horus Heresy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisitor_(game)" title="Inquisitor (game)"><i>Inquisitor</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judge_Dredd_(board_game)" title="Judge Dredd (board game)">Judge Dredd</a></i> (board)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judge_Dredd:_The_Role-Playing_Game" title="Judge Dredd: The Role-Playing Game">Judge Dredd</a></i> (RPG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Bowl#Kerrunch" title="Blood Bowl"><i>Kerrunch</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_O%27_War_(game)" title="Man O' War (game)"><i>Man O' War</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mordheim" title="Mordheim">Mordheim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Fleet" title="Space Fleet">Space Fleet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Hulk" title="Space Hulk">Space Hulk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Crusade" title="Space Crusade">Tyranid Attack</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talisman_(board_game)" title="Talisman (board game)">Talisman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Marines" title="Ultra Marines">Ultra Marines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_(game)" title="Warhammer (game)"><i>Warhammer</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_Quest" title="Warhammer Quest">Warhammer Quest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Warlock_of_Firetop_Mountain#In_other_media" title="The Warlock of Firetop Mountain"><i>The Warlock of Firetop Mountain</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warmaster" title="Warmaster">Warmaster</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Dwarf_(magazine)" title="White Dwarf (magazine)"><i>White Dwarf</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Games_in_Middle-earth" title="Battle Games in Middle-earth">Battle Games in Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Owl_and_Weasel" title="Owl and Weasel">Owl and Weasel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlock_(magazine)" title="Warlock (magazine)"><i>Warlock</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Library" title="Black Library">Black Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-<i>Warhammer</i> video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse:_The_Game_of_Nuclear_Devastation_(video_game)" title="Apocalypse: The Game of Nuclear Devastation (video game)">Apocalypse: The Game of Nuclear Devastation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battlecars_(video_game)" title="Battlecars (video game)">Battlecars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D-Day_(1984_video_game)" title="D-Day (1984 video game)">D-Day</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Despair" title="Tower of Despair">Tower of Despair</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaos:_The_Battle_of_Wizards" title="Chaos: The Battle of Wizards">Chaos: The Battle of Wizards</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talisman_(video_game)" title="Talisman (video game)">Talisman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_Warrior" title="Chainsaw Warrior">Chainsaw Warrior</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Future" title="Dark Future">Dark Future: Blood Red States</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_Miniatures" title="Citadel Miniatures">Citadel Miniatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop#Group_Divisions" title="Games Workshop">Forge World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BL_Publishing" title="BL Publishing">BL Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop#Specialist_Games" title="Games Workshop">Specialist Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Games_Day" title="Games Day">Games Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Demon" title="Golden Demon">Golden Demon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jackson_(British_game_designer)" title="Steve Jackson (British game designer)">Steve Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Livingstone" title="Ian Livingstone">Ian Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Ansell" title="Bryan Ansell">Bryan Ansell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(illustrator)" title="Adrian Smith (illustrator)">Adrian Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Blanche" title="John Blanche">John Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Michael_Perry" title="Alan and Michael Perry">Alan and Michael Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jervis_Johnson" title="Jervis Johnson">Jervis Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Chambers" title="Andy Chambers">Andy Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Priestley" title="Rick Priestley">Rick Priestley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Games_Workshop_video_games" title="List of Games Workshop video games">List of video games</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HeroQuest" title="HeroQuest">HeroQuest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Crusade" title="Space Crusade">Space Crusade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Masters" title="Battle Masters">Battle Masters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Fantasy" title="Fighting Fantasy">Fighting Fantasy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaos_League" title="Chaos League">Chaos League</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wargames" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wargames" title="Template:Wargames"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wargames" title="Template talk:Wargames"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wargames" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wargames"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wargames" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wargame" title="Wargame">Wargames</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional<br /> wargaming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_wargaming" title="Professional wargaming">Professional wargaming</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsspiel" title="Kriegsspiel">Kriegsspiel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Approaches_Tactical_Unit" title="Western Approaches Tactical Unit">Western Approaches Tactical Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_war_games" title="Sigma war games">Sigma war games</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kriegsspiel_1824.jpg/150px-Kriegsspiel_1824.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kriegsspiel_1824.jpg/225px-Kriegsspiel_1824.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kriegsspiel_1824.jpg/300px-Kriegsspiel_1824.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreational<br /> wargaming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_wargaming" title="Recreational wargaming">Recreational wargaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_wargaming" title="Miniature wargaming">Miniature wargaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_wargame" title="Board wargame">Board wargame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_wargame" title="Computer wargame">Computer wargame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_wargaming" title="Naval wargaming">Naval wargaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th<br /> century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Ludwig_Hellwig" title="Johann Christian Ludwig Hellwig">Johann Hellwig</a> (1743–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_Reisswitz" title="Georg von Reisswitz">Georg von Reisswitz</a> (1794–1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Verdy_du_Vernois" title="Julius von Verdy du Vernois">Julius von Verdy du Vernois</a> (1832–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCarty_Little" title="William McCarty Little">William McCarty Little</a> (1845–1915)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th<br /> century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> (1866–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Scruby" title="Jack Scruby">Jack Scruby</a> (1916–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Featherstone_(wargamer)" title="Donald Featherstone (wargamer)">Don Featherstone</a> (1918–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Bath" title="Tony Bath">Tony Bath</a> (1926–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Roberts" title="Charles S. Roberts">Charles S. Roberts</a> (1930–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_B._Calhamer" title="Allan B. Calhamer">Allan B. Calhamer</a> (1931–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Barker" title="Phil Barker">Phil Barker</a> (born 1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Gygax" title="Gary Gygax">Gary Gygax</a> (1938–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redmond_A._Simonsen" title="Redmond A. Simonsen">Redmond Simonsen</a> (1942–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dunnigan" title="Jim Dunnigan">Jim Dunnigan</a> (born 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Berg" title="Richard Berg">Richard Berg</a> (1943–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hill_(game_designer)" title="John Hill (game designer)">John Hill</a> (1945–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Dalgliesh" title="Tom Dalgliesh">Tom Dalgliesh</a> (born 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Craig_Taylor" title="S. Craig Taylor">S. Craig Taylor</a> (1946–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Griffith" title="Paddy Griffith">Paddy Griffith</a> (1947–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Miller_(game_designer)" title="Marc Miller (game designer)">Marc W. Miller</a> (born 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Harris_(game_designer)" title="Larry Harris (game designer)">Larry Harris, Jr.</a> (born 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Greenwood_(game_designer)" title="Don Greenwood (game designer)">Don Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chadwick" title="Frank Chadwick">Frank Chadwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_V._Cole" title="Stephen V. Cole">Stephen V. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Costikyan" title="Greg Costikyan">Greg Costikyan</a> (born 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Roberts_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Gilbert Roberts (Royal Navy officer)">Gilbert Roberts</a> (1900–1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st<br /> century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Besinque" title="Craig Besinque">Craig Besinque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ty_Bomba" title="Ty Bomba">Ty Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Borg" title="Richard Borg">Richard Borg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Day" title="James M. Day">James M. Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_McVey" title="Mike McVey">Mike McVey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Miranda_(game_designer)" title="Joseph Miranda (game designer)">Joseph Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Priestley" title="Rick Priestley">Rick Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Chambers" title="Andy Chambers">Andy Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simonitch" title="Mark Simonitch">Mark Simonitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Taylor" title="Jerry Taylor">Jerry Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Verssen" title="Dan Verssen">Dan Verssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wallace_(game_designer)" title="Martin Wallace (game designer)">Martin Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Ward_(game_designer)" title="Matt Ward (game designer)">Matt Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_%26_Crusade_Society" title="Castle & Crusade Society">Castle & Crusade Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Manufacturers_Association" title="Game Manufacturers Association">Game Manufacturers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Wargaming" title="International Federation of Wargaming">International Federation of Wargaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Wargames_Federation" title="International Wargames Federation">International Wargames Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Twentieth_Century_Wargamers" title="Society of Twentieth Century Wargamers">Society of Twentieth Century Wargamers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Roberts_Award" title="Charles S. Roberts Award">Charles S. Roberts Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gen_Con" title="Gen Con">Gen Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Game_Fair" title="Origins Game Fair">Origins Game Fair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Origins Award">Origins Award</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Boardgaming_Championships" title="World Boardgaming Championships">World Boardgaming Championships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&oldid=1259205731#Orks">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warhammer_40,000&oldid=1259205731#Orks</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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