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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriarchat" title="Kyriarchat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kyriarchat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiriarcado" title="Kiriarcado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kiriarcado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کیریارکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیریارکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriarchie" title="Kyriarchie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kyriarchie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 07:06, 23 October 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Monkbot" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Monkbot" data-mw-revid="1252860895"><bdi>Monkbot</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Monkbot" class="mw-redirect mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Monkbot">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Monkbot" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Monkbot">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<a href="/wiki/User:Monkbot/task_20" class="mw-redirect" title="User:Monkbot/task 20">Task 20</a>: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_September_27#Replace_and_delete_lang-??_templates" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 September 27">‹See Tfd›</a> (Replaced 3);)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&diff=prev&oldid=1252860895" title="Kyriarchy">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&direction=prev&oldid=1252860895" title="Kyriarchy">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">In feminist theory, a social system based on oppression</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">feminist theory</a>, <b>kyriarchy</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Social_system" title="Social system">social system</a> or set of connecting social systems built around <a href="/wiki/Domination_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Domination (sociology)">domination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">oppression</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Submission" class="mw-redirect" title="Submission">submission</a>. The word was coined by <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Sch%C3%BCssler_Fiorenza" title="Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza">Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza</a> in 1992 to describe her theory of interconnected, interacting, and self-extending systems of domination and submission, in which a single individual might be oppressed in some relationships and <a href="/wiki/Privilege_(social_inequality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Privilege (social inequality)">privileged</a> in others. It is an <a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectional</a> extension of the idea of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a> beyond gender.<sup id="cite_ref-kwok_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwok-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kyriarchy encompasses <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">ableism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">ageism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">transphobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatphobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatphobia">fatphobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classism">classism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_justice" title="Economic justice">economic injustice</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prison-industrial_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Prison-industrial complex">prison-industrial complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnocentrism" title="Ethnocentrism">ethnocentrism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">speciesism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguicism">linguicism</a> and other forms of dominating hierarchies in which the subordination of one person or group to another is internalized and institutionalized.<sup id="cite_ref-teraudkalns_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teraudkalns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whenever the term is taken to encompass topics that were not and could not be addressed by the original theory, the kyriarchic aspects in emerging fields of study such as <a href="/wiki/Mononormativity" title="Mononormativity">mononormativity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allonormativity" title="Allonormativity">allonormativity</a>, and chrononormativity are likewise included. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term was coined into <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Sch%C3%BCssler_Fiorenza" title="Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza">Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza</a><sup id="cite_ref-fiorenza_2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiorenza_2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1992 when she published her book <i>But She Said: Feminist Practices of Biblical Interpretation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiorenza_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is derived from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">κύριος, <a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">kyrios</a></span>, "lord, master" and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ἄρχω, árcho</span>, "lead, rule, govern".<sup id="cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiorenza_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-teraudkalns_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teraudkalns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>kyriarchy</i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">κυριαρχία, kyriarchia</span>), already existed in Modern Greek, and means "<a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term was originally developed in the context of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">feminist theological</a> discourse, and has been used in some other areas of academia as a non–gender-based descriptor of systems of power, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also widely used outside of scholarly contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-osborne_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osborne-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kurdish-Iranian asylum seeker <a href="/wiki/Behrouz_Boochani" title="Behrouz Boochani">Behrouz Boochani</a> has described the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a>-run <a href="/wiki/Manus_Regional_Processing_Centre" title="Manus Regional Processing Centre">Manus Island prison</a> as a kyriarchal system:<sup id="cite_ref-kyr_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyr-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one where different forms of oppression intersect; oppression is not random but purposeful, designed to isolate and create friction amongst prisoners, leading to despair and broken spirits.<sup id="cite_ref-SMHreview_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMHreview-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He elaborates on this in his autobiographical account of the prison, <i><a href="/wiki/No_Friend_But_the_Mountains" title="No Friend But the Mountains">No Friend But the Mountains</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structural_positions">Structural positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structural positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schüssler Fiorenza describes interdependent "stratifications of gender, race, class, religion, <a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">heterosexualism</a>, and age" as <i>structural positions</i> <sup id="cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiorenza_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> assigned at birth. She suggests that people inhabit several positions, and that positions with privilege become nodal points through which other positions are experienced. For example, in a context where gender is the primary privileged position (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">matriarchy</a>), gender becomes the nodal point through which sexuality, race, and class are experienced. In a context where class is the primary privileged position (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Classism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classism">classism</a>), gender and race are experienced through class dynamics. Fiorenza stresses that kyriarchy is not a hierarchical system as it does not focus on one point of domination. Instead it is described as a "complex pyramidal system" with those on the bottom of the pyramid experiencing the "full power of kyriarchal oppression". The kyriarchy is recognized as the <a href="/wiki/Status_quo" title="Status quo">status quo</a> and therefore its oppressive structures may not be recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiorenza_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reed-bouley_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reed-bouley-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To maintain this system, kyriarchy relies on the creation of a servant class, race, gender, or people. The position of this class is reinforced through "education, socialization, and brute violence and <a href="/wiki/Malestream" title="Malestream">malestream</a> rationalization".<sup id="cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fiorenza_2009-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tēraudkalns suggests that these structures of oppression are self-sustained by <a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">internalized oppression</a>; those with relative power tend to remain in power, while those without tend to remain disenfranchised.<sup id="cite_ref-teraudkalns_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teraudkalns-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, structures of oppression amplify and feed into each other.<sup id="cite_ref-reed-bouley_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reed-bouley-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/28px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/42px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/56px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a 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href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_cage" title="Iron cage">Iron cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_strain" title="Job strain">Job strain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">Male privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Might_makes_right" title="Might makes right">Might makes right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_and_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalism and sports">Nationalism and sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_prestige" title="Occupational prestige">Occupational prestige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othering" class="mw-redirect" title="Othering">Othering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(sociology)" title="Passing (sociology)">Passing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dominance_orientation" title="Social dominance orientation">Social dominance orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stress" title="Social stress">Social stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">White privilege</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-kwok-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kwok_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKwok_Pui-lan2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kwok_Pui-lan" title="Kwok Pui-lan">Kwok Pui-lan</a> (2009). "Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza and Postcolonial Studies". <i>Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion</i>. <b>25</b> (1). Indiana University Press: 191–197. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Ffsr.2009.25.1.191">10.2979/fsr.2009.25.1.191</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/fsr.2009.25.1.191">10.2979/fsr.2009.25.1.191</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144562065">144562065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feminist+Studies+in+Religion&rft.atitle=Elisabeth+Sch%C3%BCssler+Fiorenza+and+Postcolonial+Studies&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=191-197&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144562065%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Ffsr.2009.25.1.191%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Ffsr.2009.25.1.191&rft.au=Kwok+Pui-lan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teraudkalns-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-teraudkalns_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teraudkalns_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-teraudkalns_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTēraudkalns2003" class="citation book cs1">Tēraudkalns, Valdis (2003). "Construction of Masculinities in Contemporary Christianity". In Cimdiņa, Ausma (ed.). <i>Religion and political change in Europe: past and present</i>. PLUS. pp. 223–232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8884921414" title="Special:BookSources/8884921414"><bdi>8884921414</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Construction+of+Masculinities+in+Contemporary+Christianity&rft.btitle=Religion+and+political+change+in+Europe%3A+past+and+present&rft.pages=223-232&rft.pub=PLUS&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=8884921414&rft.aulast=T%C4%93raudkalns&rft.aufirst=Valdis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStichelePenner2005" class="citation book cs1">Stichele, Caroline Vander; Penner, Todd C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RO9YnY2xKaQC"><i>Her Master's Tools?: Feminist And Postcolonial Engagements of Historical-critical Discourse</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004130527" title="Special:BookSources/9004130527"><bdi>9004130527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Her+Master%27s+Tools%3F%3A+Feminist+And+Postcolonial+Engagements+of+Historical-critical+Discourse&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9004130527&rft.aulast=Stichele&rft.aufirst=Caroline+Vander&rft.au=Penner%2C+Todd+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRO9YnY2xKaQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fiorenza_2001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fiorenza_2001_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchüssler_Fiorenza2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Sch%C3%BCssler_Fiorenza" title="Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza">Schüssler Fiorenza, Elisabeth</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dku%2Frios">"Glossary"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ufDNBgAAQBAJ"><i>Wisdom Ways: Introducing Feminist Biblical Interpretation</i></a>. New York: Orbis Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1608332527" title="Special:BookSources/1608332527"><bdi>1608332527</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.btitle=Wisdom+Ways%3A+Introducing+Feminist+Biblical+Interpretation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Orbis+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1608332527&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCssler+Fiorenza&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0057%253Aentry%253Dku%252Frios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fiorenza_2009-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fiorenza_2009_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchüssler_Fiorenza2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Sch%C3%BCssler_Fiorenza" title="Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza">Schüssler Fiorenza, Elisabeth</a> (2009). "Introduction: Exploring the Intersections of Race, Gender, Status and Ethnicity in Early Christian Studies". In Nasrallah, Laura; Schüssler Fiorenza, Elisabeth (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u7XoAi3VfOEC"><i>Prejudice and Christian beginnings: investigating race, gender, and ethnicity in early Christian studies</i></a>. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1451412840" title="Special:BookSources/978-1451412840"><bdi>978-1451412840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Exploring+the+Intersections+of+Race%2C+Gender%2C+Status+and+Ethnicity+in+Early+Christian+Studies&rft.btitle=Prejudice+and+Christian+beginnings%3A+investigating+race%2C+gender%2C+and+ethnicity+in+early+Christian+studies&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1451412840&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%BCssler+Fiorenza&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du7XoAi3VfOEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2014" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Susana (February 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QXWjAQAAQBAJ&q=kyriarchy"><i>Close Kin and Distant Relatives: The Paradox of Respectability in Black Women's Literature</i></a>. University of Virginia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813935515" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813935515"><bdi>978-0813935515</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Close+Kin+and+Distant+Relatives%3A+The+Paradox+of+Respectability+in+Black+Women%27s+Literature&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=2014-02-04&rft.isbn=978-0813935515&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQXWjAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkyriarchy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osborne-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-osborne_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2015" class="citation journal cs1">Osborne, Natalie (2015). "Intersectionality and kyriarchy: A framework for approaching power and social justice in planning and climate change adaptation". <i>Planning Theory</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1473095213516443">10.1177/1473095213516443</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10072%2F57232">10072/57232</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145700378">145700378</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planning+Theory&rft.atitle=Intersectionality+and+kyriarchy%3A+A+framework+for+approaching+power+and+social+justice+in+planning+and+climate+change+adaptation&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=132&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10072%2F57232&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145700378%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1473095213516443&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyr-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kyr_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoochani2017" class="citation journal cs1">Boochani, Behrouz (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maroons-jamaica.com/conference2017/modules/mod_flipbook_3/tmpl/mobile/index.html#p=21">"A Kyriarchal System: New Colonial Experiments/New Decolonial Resistance"</a>. <i>9th Annual Maroon Conference Magazine</i>. Translated by Omid Tofighian. Charles Town, Jamaica: Charles Town Maroon Council: 20–22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0799-4354">0799-4354</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=9th+Annual+Maroon+Conference+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Kyriarchal+System%3A+New+Colonial+Experiments%2FNew+Decolonial+Resistance&rft.pages=20-22&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=0799-4354&rft.aulast=Boochani&rft.aufirst=Behrouz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaroons-jamaica.com%2Fconference2017%2Fmodules%2Fmod_flipbook_3%2Ftmpl%2Fmobile%2Findex.html%23p%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMHreview-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SMHreview_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManne2018" class="citation news cs1">Manne, Robert (10 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030122031/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/no-friend-but-the-mountains-review-behrouz-boochanis-poetic-and-vital-memoir-20180801-h13fuu.html">"No Friend But The Mountains review: Behrouz Boochani's poetic and vital memoir"</a>. Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/no-friend-but-the-mountains-review-behrouz-boochanis-poetic-and-vital-memoir-20180801-h13fuu.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+Friend+But+The+Mountains+review%3A+Behrouz+Boochani%27s+poetic+and+vital+memoir&rft.date=2018-08-10&rft.aulast=Manne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fno-friend-but-the-mountains-review-behrouz-boochanis-poetic-and-vital-memoir-20180801-h13fuu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reed-bouley-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reed-bouley_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reed-bouley_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed-Bouley2012" class="citation journal cs1">Reed-Bouley, Jennifer (Spring 2012). "Antiracist Theological Education as a Site of Struggle for Justice". <i>Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion</i>. <b>28</b>: 178–189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Fjfemistudreli.28.1.178">10.2979/jfemistudreli.28.1.178</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143768692">143768692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feminist+Studies+in+Religion&rft.atitle=Antiracist+Theological+Education+as+a+Site+of+Struggle+for+Justice&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=178-189&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Fjfemistudreli.28.1.178&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143768692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Reed-Bouley&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKyriarchy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Giannacopoulos, M. "Kyriarchy, Nomopoly, and Patriarchal White Sovereignty." <i>Biography</i>, (2020) 43(4), 736–747. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbio.2020.0104">10.1353/bio.2020.0104</a></li> <li>Thompson, Margaret Susan. "Circles of sisterhood: formal and informal collaboration among American nuns in response to conflict with Vatican Kyriarchy." <i>Journal of feminist studies in religion</i> 32.2 (2016): 63-82.</li> <li>Thompson, Margaret Susan. "Sacraments as Weapons: Patriarchal Coercion and Engendered Power in the Nineteenth-Century Convent." <i>Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion</i> 38.2 (2022): 89-104.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kyriarchy" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:kyriarchy"><i>kyriarchy</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&oldid=1252860895">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kyriarchy&oldid=1252860895</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism_and_society" title="Category:Feminism and society">Feminism and society</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Intersectionality" title="Category:Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_inequality" title="Category:Social inequality">Social inequality</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_systems" title="Category:Social systems">Social systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1992_neologisms" title="Category:1992 neologisms">1992 neologisms</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 07:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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