Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression

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} div.type-section h2 { font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: 300; } div.type-section h3 { margin-left: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-weight: 300; } .journal-tabs .tab-title.active a { } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/slick.css?f38b2db10e01b157?1732286508"> <meta name="title" content="Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression"> <meta name="description" content="Glacier movement is an important indicator of climate change, reflecting the quality and state changes in glacier migration and mass balance in the context of global warming. Although accurately estimating glacier surface flow velocity is crucial for various applications, achieving this is challenging due to factors such as low temporal correlation and high noise effects. This paper presents the pixel offset tracking (POT) technology based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for glacier velocity monitoring, with enhanced cross-correlation matching window and noise suppression approaches. In particular, a noise suppression optimization method and a matching window optimization index suitable for wide-area glacier velocity monitoring are proposed. The inter-annual wide-area two-dimensional plane flow velocity of glaciers in the Svalbard archipelago was obtained by using a total of seven Sentinel-1 data sets from two orbits covering the entire Svalbard archipelago in 2021. The results indicate that 25 large glaciers in Svalbard destabilized in 2021, with a peak flow velocity of 6.18 m/day. At the same time, the influence of climate, topography, and other factors on glacier surface velocity is discussed. The wide-area glacier velocity monitoring method and its application demonstrated in this paper will serve as a valuable reference for studying glacier migration in the Arctic Svalbard archipelago and for other large-scale wide-area deformation monitoring efforts." > <link rel="image_src" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/applsci-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" > <meta name="dc.title" content="Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Honglei Yang"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Songxue Zhao"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Zeping Wang"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Ao Yan"> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Zhenhan Shi"> <meta name="dc.type" content="Article"> <meta name="dc.source" content="Applied Sciences 2024, Vol. 14, Page 10834"> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-11-22"> <meta name ="dc.identifier" content="10.3390/app142310834"> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"> <meta name="dc.rights" content="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"> <meta name="dc.format" content="application/pdf" > <meta name="dc.language" content="en" > <meta name="dc.description" content="Glacier movement is an important indicator of climate change, reflecting the quality and state changes in glacier migration and mass balance in the context of global warming. Although accurately estimating glacier surface flow velocity is crucial for various applications, achieving this is challenging due to factors such as low temporal correlation and high noise effects. This paper presents the pixel offset tracking (POT) technology based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for glacier velocity monitoring, with enhanced cross-correlation matching window and noise suppression approaches. In particular, a noise suppression optimization method and a matching window optimization index suitable for wide-area glacier velocity monitoring are proposed. The inter-annual wide-area two-dimensional plane flow velocity of glaciers in the Svalbard archipelago was obtained by using a total of seven Sentinel-1 data sets from two orbits covering the entire Svalbard archipelago in 2021. The results indicate that 25 large glaciers in Svalbard destabilized in 2021, with a peak flow velocity of 6.18 m/day. At the same time, the influence of climate, topography, and other factors on glacier surface velocity is discussed. The wide-area glacier velocity monitoring method and its application demonstrated in this paper will serve as a valuable reference for studying glacier migration in the Arctic Svalbard archipelago and for other large-scale wide-area deformation monitoring efforts." > <meta name="dc.subject" content="Svalbard" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="glacier flow velocity" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="SAR offset tracking" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="noise suppression" > <meta name="dc.subject" content="wide area deformation" > <meta name ="prism.issn" content="2076-3417"> <meta name ="prism.publicationName" content="Applied Sciences"> <meta name ="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-11-22"> <meta name ="prism.volume" content="14"> <meta name ="prism.number" content="23"> <meta name ="prism.section" content="Article" > <meta name ="prism.startingPage" content="10834" > <meta name="citation_issn" content="2076-3417"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Applied Sciences"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/1"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/22"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="14"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="23"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="10834"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yang, Honglei"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Zhao, Songxue"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Wang, Zeping"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Yan, Ao"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Shi, Zhenhan"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3390/app142310834"> <meta name="citation_id" content="mdpi-app142310834"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10834"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10834/pdf?version=1732287063"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="PDF Full-Text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10834/pdf?version=1732287063"> <meta name="fulltext_pdf" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10834/pdf?version=1732287063"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@MDPIOpenAccess" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/applsci-logo-social.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="131189377574"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="MDPI"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/10834" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Glacier movement is an important indicator of climate change, reflecting the quality and state changes in glacier migration and mass balance in the context of global warming. Although accurately estimating glacier surface flow velocity is crucial for various applications, achieving this is challenging due to factors such as low temporal correlation and high noise effects. This paper presents the pixel offset tracking (POT) technology based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for glacier velocity monitoring, with enhanced cross-correlation matching window and noise suppression approaches. In particular, a noise suppression optimization method and a matching window optimization index suitable for wide-area glacier velocity monitoring are proposed. The inter-annual wide-area two-dimensional plane flow velocity of glaciers in the Svalbard archipelago was obtained by using a total of seven Sentinel-1 data sets from two orbits covering the entire Svalbard archipelago in 2021. The results indicate that 25 large glaciers in Svalbard destabilized in 2021, with a peak flow velocity of 6.18 m/day. At the same time, the influence of climate, topography, and other factors on glacier surface velocity is discussed. The wide-area glacier velocity monitoring method and its application demonstrated in this paper will serve as a valuable reference for studying glacier migration in the Arctic Svalbard archipelago and for other large-scale wide-area deformation monitoring efforts." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/applsci-logo-social.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - Latest articles" href="https://www.mdpi.com/rss"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="PxTlsg7z2S00aHroktQd57fxygEjMiNHydKn3txhvwY"> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="mcoq8dtq6sb2hf7z29j8w515jjoof7" /> <script id="Cookiebot" data-cfasync="false" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f" type="text/javascript" async></script>  <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); 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class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13434764' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Honglei Yang</div><div id="profile-card-drop13434764" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Honglei Yang</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/814351?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Honglei%20Yang" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Honglei%20Yang&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Honglei%20Yang" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div><div class="profile-card__biography"><div class="js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-open"> Prof. Honglei Yang was born in February 1983. He received a Ph.D. degree in cartography and from of聽[...] </div><div class="js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-closed" style="display: none;"> Prof. Honglei Yang was born in February 1983. He received a Ph.D. degree in cartography and geographical information engineering from the China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China, in 2012. Since 2014, Prof. Honglei Yang has been teaching at the China University of Geosciences, where he is currently a Professor and a Ph.D. supervisor. Prof. Honglei Yang has presided over and participated in the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the China-Europe Dragon Project, etc. He has authored or co-authored more than 30 papers. His scientific research includes satellite and ground-based InSAR data processing, microwave remote sensing data processing theory, and application, etc. </div><div><a href="#" class='js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-open'>Read more</a><a href="#" class='js-profile-card__biography-item js-default-closed' style="display: none;">Read less</a></div></div></div><sup> *</sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13434764" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#c5eaa6aba1e8a6a2aceaa9eaa0a8a4aca9e8b5b7aab1a0a6b1acaaabe6f5f5f5f2f3fdf5f3f5a3f5f1f5a1f5f4f4f4f5fcf5f3f5a3f7fdf5a7f4a1f5a3f5a4f1f3f5a1f5a6f4a1f1f3f5a7f5f3"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2093-4295" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1732286508" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13434765' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Songxue Zhao</div><div id="profile-card-drop13434765" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Songxue Zhao</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/3977670?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Songxue%20Zhao" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Songxue%20Zhao&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Songxue%20Zhao" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup></sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13434765" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#c4eba7aaa0e9a7a3adeba8eba1a9a5ada8e9b4b6abb0a1a7b0adabaae7f4f4f5a2f2a5f4a1f4a0f4a2f5fdf1a5f1a0f1fcf1a6f6a5f1a6f1fcf1a7f0f0f4fdf4f1f4f3"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a><a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3987-4251" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1732286508" title="ORCID" style="position: relative; width: 13px; margin-left: 3px; max-width: 13px !important; height: auto; top: -5px;"></a>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13434766' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Zeping Wang</div><div id="profile-card-drop13434766" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; 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height: 16px; border-radius: 50%;"><span class="sciprofiles-link__name">Ao Yan</span></div></div></div><div class="profile-card__buttons" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"><a href="https://sciprofiles.com/profile/3978463?utm_source=mdpi.com&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=avatar_name" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> SciProfiles </a><a href="https://scilit.net/scholars?q=Ao%20Yan" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Scilit </a><a href="https://www.preprints.org/search?search1=Ao%20Yan&field1=authors" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank"> Preprints.org </a><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ao%20Yan" class="button button--color-inversed" target="_blank" rels="noopener noreferrer"> Google Scholar </a></div></div><sup></sup><span style="display: inline; margin-left: 5px;"></span><a class="toEncode emailCaptcha visibility-hidden" data-author-id="13434767" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b897dbd6dc95dbdfd197d497ddd5d9d1d495c8cad7ccdddbccd1d7d69b888889808f81898f8980898e8a8e8c888c888b818c808cde8cd98d8f89d9898e898c"><sup><i class="fa fa-envelope-o"></i></sup></a> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><div class='profile-card-drop' data-dropdown='profile-card-drop13434768' data-options='is_hover:true, hover_timeout:5000'> Zhenhan Shi</div><div id="profile-card-drop13434768" data-dropdown-content class="f-dropdown content profile-card-content" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="profile-card__title"><div class="sciprofiles-link" style="display: inline-block"><div class="sciprofiles-link__link"><img class="sciprofiles-link__image" src="/bundles/mdpisciprofileslink/img/unknown-user.png" style="width: auto; 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height:6px;"></span> <div></div> <div style="margin: 5px 0 15px 0;" class="hypothesis_container"> <div class="art-affiliations"> <div class="affiliation "> <div class="affiliation-name ">School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China</div> </div> <div class="affiliation"> <div class="affiliation-item"><sup>*</sup></div> <div class="affiliation-name ">Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bib-identity" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <em>Appl. Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>(23), 10834; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310834">https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310834</a> </div> <div class="pubhistory" style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="display: inline-block">Submission received: 21 October 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Revised: 19 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Accepted: 21 November 2024</span> / <span style="display: inline-block">Published: 22 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/applsci/special_issues/8QC079LM10 ">Latest Advances in Radar Remote Sensing Technologies</a>)<br/> </div> <div class="highlight-box1"> <div class="download"> <a class="button button--color-inversed button--drop-down" data-dropdown="drop-download-1527373" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1527373" aria-expanded="false"> Download <i class="material-icons">keyboard_arrow_down</i> </a> <div id="drop-download-1527373" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--button" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <a class="UD_ArticlePDF" href="/2076-3417/14/23/10834/pdf?version=1732287063" data-name="Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression" data-journal="applsci">Download PDF</a> <br/> </div> <a class="button button--color-inversed" href="/2076-3417/14/23/10834/notes">Versions Notes</a> </div> </div> <div class="responsive-moving-container small hidden" data-id="article-counters" style="margin-top: 15px;"></div> <div class="html-dynamic"> <section> <h2>Abstract</h2> <div class="art-abstract art-abstract-new in-tab hypothesis_container"> Glacier movement is an important indicator of climate change, reflecting the quality and state changes in glacier migration and mass balance in the context of global warming. Although accurately estimating glacier surface flow velocity is crucial for various applications, achieving this is challenging due to factors such as low temporal correlation and high noise effects. This paper presents the pixel offset tracking (POT) technology based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for glacier velocity monitoring, with enhanced cross-correlation matching window and noise suppression approaches. In particular, a noise suppression optimization method and a matching window optimization index suitable for wide-area glacier velocity monitoring are proposed. The inter-annual wide-area two-dimensional plane flow velocity of glaciers in the Svalbard archipelago was obtained by using a total of seven Sentinel-1 data sets from two orbits covering the entire Svalbard archipelago in 2021. The results indicate that 25 large glaciers in Svalbard destabilized in 2021, with a peak flow velocity of 6.18 m/day. At the same time, the influence of climate, topography, and other factors on glacier surface velocity is discussed. The wide-area glacier velocity monitoring method and its application demonstrated in this paper will serve as a valuable reference for studying glacier migration in the Arctic Svalbard archipelago and for other large-scale wide-area deformation monitoring efforts. </div> <div class="art-keywords in-tab hypothesis_container"><strong>Keywords: </strong> <span itemprop="keywords" style="display:none">Svalbard; glacier flow velocity; SAR offset tracking; noise suppression; wide area deformation</span> <span> <a href="/search?q=Svalbard">Svalbard</a>; <a href="/search?q=glacier%20flow%20velocity">glacier flow velocity</a>; <a href="/search?q=SAR%20offset%20tracking">SAR offset tracking</a>; <a href="/search?q=noise%20suppression">noise suppression</a>; <a href="/search?q=wide%20area%20deformation">wide area deformation</a></span> </div> </section> </div> <div class="additional-content"> <h2><a name="cite"></a>Share and Cite</h2> <div class="social-media-links" style="text-align: left;"> <a 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Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression. <em>Appl. Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>, 10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310834 </p> <div style="display: block"> <b>AMA Style</b><br> <p> Yang H, Zhao S, Wang Z, Yan A, Shi Z. Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression. <em>Applied Sciences</em>. 2024; 14(23):10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310834 </p> <b>Chicago/Turabian Style</b><br> <p> Yang, Honglei, Songxue Zhao, Zeping Wang, Ao Yan, and Zhenhan Shi. 2024. "Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression" <em>Applied Sciences</em> 14, no. 23: 10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310834 </p> <b>APA Style</b><br> <p> Yang, H., Zhao, S., Wang, Z., Yan, A., & Shi, Z. (2024). 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Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression. <em>Appl. Sci.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>14</em>, 10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310834 </p> <div style="display: block"> <b>AMA Style</b><br> <p> Yang H, Zhao S, Wang Z, Yan A, Shi Z. Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression. <em>Applied Sciences</em>. 2024; 14(23):10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310834 </p> <b>Chicago/Turabian Style</b><br> <p> Yang, Honglei, Songxue Zhao, Zeping Wang, Ao Yan, and Zhenhan Shi. 2024. "Enhanced Wide-Area Glacier Velocity Monitoring in Svalbard via Synthetic Aperture Radar Offset Tracking Noise Suppression" <em>Applied Sciences</em> 14, no. 23: 10834. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142310834 </p> <b>APA Style</b><br> <p> Yang, H., Zhao, S., Wang, Z., Yan, A., & Shi, Z. (2024). 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value="digital">Digital</option> <option value="disabilities">Disabilities</option> <option value="diseases">Diseases</option> <option value="diversity">Diversity</option> <option value="dna">DNA</option> <option value="drones">Drones</option> <option value="ddc">Drugs and Drug Candidates</option> <option value="dynamics">Dynamics</option> <option value="earth">Earth</option> <option value="ecologies">Ecologies</option> <option value="econometrics">Econometrics</option> <option value="economies">Economies</option> <option value="education">Education Sciences</option> <option value="electricity">Electricity</option> <option value="electrochem">Electrochem</option> <option value="electronicmat">Electronic Materials</option> <option value="electronics">Electronics</option> <option value="ecm">Emergency Care and Medicine</option> <option value="encyclopedia">Encyclopedia</option> <option value="endocrines">Endocrines</option> <option value="energies">Energies</option> <option 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<option value="geosciences">Geosciences</option> <option value="geotechnics">Geotechnics</option> <option value="geriatrics">Geriatrics</option> <option value="glacies">Glacies</option> <option value="gucdd">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease</option> <option value="grasses">Grasses</option> <option value="hardware">Hardware</option> <option value="healthcare">Healthcare</option> <option value="hearts">Hearts</option> <option value="hemato">Hemato</option> <option value="hematolrep">Hematology Reports</option> <option value="heritage">Heritage</option> <option value="histories">Histories</option> <option value="horticulturae">Horticulturae</option> <option value="hospitals">Hospitals</option> <option value="humanities">Humanities</option> <option value="humans">Humans</option> <option value="hydrobiology">Hydrobiology</option> <option value="hydrogen">Hydrogen</option> <option value="hydrology">Hydrology</option> <option value="hygiene">Hygiene</option> <option 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value="ijtpp">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power</option> <option value="ime">International Medical Education</option> <option value="inventions">Inventions</option> <option value="IoT">IoT</option> <option value="ijgi">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</option> <option value="J">J</option> <option value="jal">Journal of Ageing and Longevity</option> <option value="jcdd">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease</option> <option value="jcto">Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology</option> <option value="jcm">Journal of Clinical Medicine</option> <option value="jcs">Journal of Composites Science</option> <option value="jcp">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy</option> <option value="jdad">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</option> <option value="jdb">Journal of Developmental Biology</option> <option value="jeta">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses</option> <option value="jfb">Journal of Functional 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