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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Foreign members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periodicals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodicals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Periodicals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodicals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polish Academy of Sciences</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="الأكاديمية البولندية للعلوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأكاديمية البولندية للعلوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Polaca_de_Ciencies" title="Academia Polaca de Ciencies – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Academia Polaca de Ciencies" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Польская акадэмія навук – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Польская акадэмія навук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Польская акадэмія навук – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Польская акадэмія навук" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Полска академия на науките – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полска академия на науките" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsk%C3%A1_akademie_v%C4%9Bd" title="Polská akademie věd – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polská akademie věd" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polnische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften" title="Polnische Akademie der Wissenschaften – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polnische Akademie der Wissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poola_Teaduste_Akadeemia" title="Poola Teaduste Akadeemia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poola Teaduste Akadeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Πολωνική Ακαδημία Επιστημών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολωνική Ακαδημία Επιστημών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Polaca_de_Ciencias" title="Academia Polaca de Ciencias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Academia Polaca de Ciencias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pola_Scienca_Akademio" title="Pola Scienca Akademio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pola Scienca Akademio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_polonaise_des_sciences" title="Académie polonaise des sciences – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Académie polonaise des sciences" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academie_Polache_des_Siencis" title="Academie Polache des Siencis – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Academie Polache des Siencis" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EB%8D%B0%EB%AF%B8" title="폴란드 과학 아카데미 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드 과학 아카데미" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Լեհաստանի գիտությունների ակադեմիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեհաստանի գիտությունների ակադեմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accademia_polacca_delle_scienze" title="Accademia polacca delle scienze – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Accademia polacca delle scienze" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პოლონეთის მეცნიერებათა აკადემია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონეთის მეცნიერებათა აკადემია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Scientiarum_Polona" title="Academia Scientiarum Polona – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Academia Scientiarum Polona" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Полска академија на науките – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полска академија на науките" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="الاكاديميه البولنديه للعلوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاكاديميه البولنديه للعلوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poolse_Academie_van_Wetenschappen" title="Poolse Academie van Wetenschappen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Poolse Academie van Wetenschappen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC" title="ポーランド科学アカデミー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド科学アカデミー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_polske_vitenskapsakademi" title="Det polske vitenskapsakademi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det polske vitenskapsakademi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Polonesa_de_las_Sci%C3%A9ncias" title="Acadèmia Polonesa de las Sciéncias – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acadèmia Polonesa de las Sciéncias" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsha_fanlar_akademiyasi" title="Polsha fanlar akademiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Polsha fanlar akademiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polska_Akademia_Nauk" title="Polska Akademia Nauk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Polska Akademia Nauk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_de_Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Pol%C3%B4nia" title="Academia de Ciências da Polônia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Academia de Ciências da Polônia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Polonez%C4%83_de_%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be" title="Academia Poloneză de Științe – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Academia Poloneză de Științe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Польская академия наук – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Польская академия наук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Sciences – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polish Academy of Sciences" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%BEsk%C3%A1_akad%C3%A9mia_vied" title="Poľská akadémia vied – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poľská akadémia vied" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan_tiedeakatemia" title="Puolan tiedeakatemia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puolan tiedeakatemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonya_Bilimler_Akademisi" title="Polonya Bilimler Akademisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polonya Bilimler Akademisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Польська академія наук – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Польська академія наук" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_H%C3%A0n_l%C3%A2m_Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Ba_Lan" title="Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học Ba Lan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viện Hàn lâm Khoa học Ba Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="波蘭科學院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波蘭科學院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National academy of sciences for Poland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences">Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Polish Academy of Sciences</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Polnische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Logo_Polnische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_.png/220px-Logo_Polnische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Logo_Polnische_Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_.png 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Warszawa,_ul._Nowy_%C5%9Awiat_72-74_20170517_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Warszawa%2C_ul._Nowy_%C5%9Awiat_72-74_20170517_003.jpg/220px-Warszawa%2C_ul._Nowy_%C5%9Awiat_72-74_20170517_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Warszawa%2C_ul._Nowy_%C5%9Awiat_72-74_20170517_003.jpg/330px-Warszawa%2C_ul._Nowy_%C5%9Awiat_72-74_20170517_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Warszawa%2C_ul._Nowy_%C5%9Awiat_72-74_20170517_003.jpg/440px-Warszawa%2C_ul._Nowy_%C5%9Awiat_72-74_20170517_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5996" data-file-height="4003" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Staszic_Palace" title="Staszic Palace">Staszic Palace</a>, the seat of PAN, and <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus_Monument_in_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Warsaw">Copernicus Monument</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">PAN</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">30 October 1951<span class="noprint">; 73 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">30 October 1951</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_academy" title="National academy">National academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Duszy%C5%84ski_(biochemist)" title="Jerzy Duszyński (biochemist)">Jerzy Duszyński</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pan.pl">pan<wbr />.pl</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Warsaw Scientific Society<br />Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Polish Academy of Sciences</b> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Polska Akademia Nauk</i>, <b>PAN</b>) is a Polish state-sponsored institution of <a href="/wiki/Higher_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher learning">higher learning</a>. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science across the country by a society of distinguished scholars and a network of research institutes. It was established in 1951, during the early period of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a> following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Polish Academy of Sciences is a Polish state-sponsored institution of <a href="/wiki/Higher_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher learning">higher learning</a>, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, that was established by the merger of earlier science societies, including the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Academy of Learning">Polish Academy of Learning</a> (<i>Polska Akademia Umiejętności</i>, abbreviated <i>PAU</i>), with its seat in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Society_of_Friends_of_Learning" title="Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning">Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning</a> (Science), which had been founded in the late 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Polish Academy of Sciences functions as a learned society acting through an elected assembly of leading scholars and research institutions. The Academy has also, operating through its committees, become a major scientific advisory body. Another aspect of the Academy is its coordination and overseeing of numerous (several dozen) <a href="/wiki/Research_institutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Research institutes">research institutes</a>. PAN institutes employ over 2,000 people and are funded by about a third of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Poland#Budget_and_debt" title="Economy of Poland">Polish government's budget</a> for science.<sup id="cite_ref-dzu1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dzu1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Polish Academy of Sciences is led by a President, elected by the assembly of Academy members for a four-year term, together with a number of Vice Presidents. </p><p>The President for the 2019–2022 term was <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Duszy%C5%84ski_(biochemist)" title="Jerzy Duszyński (biochemist)">Jerzy Duszyński</a> (his second term in the post),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with five Vice Presidents: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Czuczwar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanisław Czuczwar (page does not exist)">Stanisław Czuczwar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Filipowicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanisław Filipowicz (page does not exist)">Stanisław Filipowicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Rowi%C5%84ski" title="Paweł Rowiński">Paweł Rowiński</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_S%C5%82owi%C5%84ski" title="Roman Słowiński">Roman Słowiński</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romuald_Zabielski" title="Romuald Zabielski">Romuald Zabielski</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 October 2022, General Assembly of the Polish Academy of Sciences elected <a href="/wiki/Marek_Konarzewski" title="Marek Konarzewski">Marek Konarzewski</a> to become the new President of the Academy for the 2023–2026 term.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 December 2022, another session of General Assembly of the Academy elected four Vice Presidents at the recommendation of the President Elect; as such <a href="/wiki/Miros%C5%82awa_Ostrowska" title="Mirosława Ostrowska">Mirosława Ostrowska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalia_Sobczak" title="Natalia Sobczak">Natalia Sobczak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dariusz_Jemielniak" title="Dariusz Jemielniak">Dariusz Jemielniak</a>, and Aleksander Welfe were elected as Vice Presidents of the Academy for the 2023–2026 term. </p><p>All the Presidents of the Polish Academy of Sciences to date, by term, are as follows: </p> <ul><li>1952–1956: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Bohdan_Dembowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Bohdan Dembowski">Jan Bohdan Dembowski</a></li> <li>1957–1962: <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Kotarbi%C5%84ski" title="Tadeusz Kotarbiński">Tadeusz Kotarbiński</a></li> <li>1962–1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Janusz_Groszkowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janusz Groszkowski (page does not exist)">Janusz Groszkowski</a></li> <li>1971–1977: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Trzebiatowski" title="Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski">Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski</a></li> <li>1977–1980: <a href="/wiki/Witold_Nowacki" title="Witold Nowacki">Witold Nowacki</a></li> <li>1980–1983: <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Gieysztor" title="Aleksander Gieysztor">Aleksander Gieysztor</a></li> <li>1984–1990: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Karol_Kostrzewski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Karol Kostrzewski (page does not exist)">Jan Karol Kostrzewski</a></li> <li>1990–1992: <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Gieysztor" title="Aleksander Gieysztor">Aleksander Gieysztor</a></li> <li>1993–1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leszek_Ku%C5%BAnicki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leszek Kuźnicki (page does not exist)">Leszek Kuźnicki</a></li> <li>1999–2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miros%C5%82aw_Mossakowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirosław Mossakowski (page does not exist)">Mirosław Mossakowski</a></li> <li>2002–2003: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerzy_Ko%C5%82odziejczak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerzy Kołodziejczak (page does not exist)">Jerzy Kołodziejczak</a></li> <li>2003–2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrzej_Legocki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrzej Legocki (page does not exist)">Andrzej Legocki</a></li> <li>2007–2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Micha%C5%82_Kleiber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michał Kleiber (page does not exist)">Michał Kleiber</a></li> <li>2015–2018: <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Duszy%C5%84ski_(biochemist)" title="Jerzy Duszyński (biochemist)">Jerzy Duszyński</a></li> <li>2019–2022: <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Duszy%C5%84ski_(biochemist)" title="Jerzy Duszyński (biochemist)">Jerzy Duszyński</a></li> <li>2023–2026: (president-elect) <a href="/wiki/Marek_Konarzewski" title="Marek Konarzewski">Marek Konarzewski</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Institutes">Institutes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Institutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Arctowski)_Invernadero_(3).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%28Arctowski%29_Invernadero_%283%29.png/220px-%28Arctowski%29_Invernadero_%283%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%28Arctowski%29_Invernadero_%283%29.png/330px-%28Arctowski%29_Invernadero_%283%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%28Arctowski%29_Invernadero_%283%29.png/440px-%28Arctowski%29_Invernadero_%283%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Arctowski_Polish_Antarctic_Station" title="Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station">Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station</a> is managed by PAN</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gda%C5%84sk_Library_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences_2015_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gda%C5%84sk_Library_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences_2015_001.jpg/220px-Gda%C5%84sk_Library_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences_2015_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gda%C5%84sk_Library_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences_2015_001.jpg/330px-Gda%C5%84sk_Library_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences_2015_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gda%C5%84sk_Library_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences_2015_001.jpg/440px-Gda%C5%84sk_Library_of_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences_2015_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Gdańsk Library of Polish Academy of Sciences</figcaption></figure> <p>The Polish Academy of Sciences has numerous institutes, including: </p> <ul><li>Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nencki_Institute_of_Experimental_Biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology">Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Dobrza%C5%84ski_Institute_of_Agrophysics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics">Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_and_Institute_of_Zoology" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum and Institute of Zoology">Museum and Institute of Zoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielanowski_Institute_of_Animal_Physiology_and_Nutrition" class="mw-redirect" title="Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition">Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Research_Institute_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences">Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Pharmacology_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences">Institute of Pharmacology of the Polish Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-BanHippius2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BanHippius2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - established, 1954, became an independent institute in 1974; publishes the journal <i>Pharmacological Reports</i>.</li> <li>Institute of Psychology</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Slavic_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Slavic Studies (page does not exist)">Institute of Slavic Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_High_Pressure_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of High Pressure Physics">Institute of High Pressure Physics</a></li> <li>Institute of Hydro-Engineering<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus_Astronomical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center">Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Fundamental_Technological_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Fundamental Technological Research (page does not exist)">Institute of Fundamental Technological Research</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instytut_Podstawowych_Problem%C3%B3w_Techniki_PAN" class="extiw" title="pl:Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Metallurgy_and_Materials_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (page does not exist)">Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instytut_Metalurgii_i_In%C5%BCynierii_Materia%C5%82owej_im._Aleksandra_Krupkowskiego_PAN" class="extiw" title="pl:Instytut Metalurgii i Inżynierii Materiałowej im. Aleksandra Krupkowskiego PAN">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Institute_of_Physical_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Institute of Physical Chemistry">Polish Institute of Physical Chemistry</a></li> <li>Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences in Lodz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Turbine_Dynamics_and_Diagnostics_of_the_Institute_of_Fluid-flow_Machinery_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Turbine Dynamics and Diagnostics of the Institute of Fluid-flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences">Department of Turbine Dynamics and Diagnostics of the Institute of Fluid-flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Nuclear_Physics_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences">Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Physics_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">Institute of Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematics_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences">Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Computer_Science_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instytut_Podstaw_Informatyki_PAN" class="extiw" title="pl:Instytut Podstaw Informatyki PAN">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Theoretical_and_Applied_Informatics,_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences">Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instytut_Informatyki_Teoretycznej_i_Stosowanej_Polskiej_Akademii_Nauk" class="extiw" title="pl:Instytut Informatyki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej Polskiej Akademii Nauk">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_History_of_Science,_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences">Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Economics_of_the_Polish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences">Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleksander_Wolszczan_(2007).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Aleksander_Wolszczan_%282007%29.jpg/160px-Aleksander_Wolszczan_%282007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Aleksander_Wolszczan_%282007%29.jpg/240px-Aleksander_Wolszczan_%282007%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Aleksander_Wolszczan_%282007%29.jpg/320px-Aleksander_Wolszczan_%282007%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1778" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Wolszczan" title="Aleksander Wolszczan">Aleksander Wolszczan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leszek_Kolakowski_1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Leszek_Kolakowski_1971.jpg/160px-Leszek_Kolakowski_1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Leszek_Kolakowski_1971.jpg/240px-Leszek_Kolakowski_1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Leszek_Kolakowski_1971.jpg/320px-Leszek_Kolakowski_1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Kolakowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Leszek Kolakowski">Leszek Kolakowski</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Baranowski" title="Bogdan Baranowski">Bogdan Baranowski</a>, chemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Bujak" title="Franciszek Bujak">Franciszek Bujak</a>, historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Carlberg" title="Carsten Carlberg">Carsten Carlberg</a>, biochemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz_Dietl" title="Tomasz Dietl">Tomasz Dietl</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Dunin-W%C4%85sowicz" title="Aleksandra Dunin-Wąsowicz">Aleksandra Dunin-Wąsowicz</a>, archaeologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zofia_Hilczer-Kurnatowska" title="Zofia Hilczer-Kurnatowska">Zofia Hilczer-Kurnatowska</a>, archaeologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Janion" title="Maria Janion">Maria Janion</a>, scholar, critic and theoretician of literature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zofia_Kielan-Jaworowska" title="Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska">Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska</a>, paleontologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Kokot" title="Franciszek Kokot">Franciszek Kokot</a>, nephrologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Konturek" title="Stanisław Konturek">Stanisław Konturek</a>, physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Leszek Kołakowski</a>, philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Koz%C5%82owski" title="Roman Kozłowski">Roman Kozłowski</a>, paleontologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacek_Leociak" title="Jacek Leociak">Jacek Leociak</a>, literary scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanda_Leopold" title="Wanda Leopold">Wanda Leopold</a>, author, translator, and literature critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_M%C4%85kosza" title="Mieczysław Mąkosza">Mieczysław Mąkosza</a>, chemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenon_Mariak" title="Zenon Mariak">Zenon Mariak</a>, neurosurgeon, professor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenon_Mr%C3%B3z" title="Zenon Mróz">Zenon Mróz</a>, engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karol_My%C5%9Bliwiec" title="Karol Myśliwiec">Karol Myśliwiec</a>, archeologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Nowacki" title="Witold Nowacki">Witold Nowacki</a>, mathematician (president of the Academy 1978 to 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Olech" title="Czesław Olech">Czesław Olech</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Paczy%C5%84ski" title="Bohdan Paczyński">Bohdan Paczyński</a>, astrophysicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krystian_Pilarczyk" title="Krystian Pilarczyk">Krystian Pilarczyk</a>, hydraulic engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Ptak" title="Włodzimierz Ptak">Włodzimierz Ptak</a>, immunologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianna_Sankiewicz-Budzy%C5%84ska" title="Marianna Sankiewicz-Budzyńska">Marianna Sankiewicz-Budzyńska</a> electronics engineer and academic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Schinzel" title="Andrzej Schinzel">Andrzej Schinzel</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Strelau" title="Jan Strelau">Jan Strelau</a>, psychologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zofia_Sulgostowska" title="Zofia Sulgostowska">Zofia Sulgostowska</a>, archaeologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piotr_Sztompka" title="Piotr Sztompka">Piotr Sztompka</a>, sociologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Tokarska-Bakir" title="Joanna Tokarska-Bakir">Joanna Tokarska-Bakir</a>, anthropologist and religious studies scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Trautman" title="Andrzej Trautman">Andrzej Trautman</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Udalski" title="Andrzej Udalski">Andrzej Udalski</a>, astrophysicist and astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Vetulani" title="Jerzy Vetulani">Jerzy Vetulani</a>, pharmacologist and neuroscientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wole%C5%84ski" title="Jan Woleński">Jan Woleński</a>, philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Wolszczan" title="Aleksander Wolszczan">Aleksander Wolszczan</a>, astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Zab%C5%82ocki" title="Bernard Zabłocki">Bernard Zabłocki</a>, microbiologist and immunologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Zagaja" title="Stanisław Zagaja">Stanisław Zagaja</a>, pomologist, professor and director of Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_members">Foreign members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Foreign members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski_03.jpg/160px-Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski_03.jpg/240px-Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski_03.jpg/320px-Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski" title="Krzysztof Matyjaszewski">Krzysztof Matyjaszewski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize" title="Wolf Prize">Wolf Prize</a> winner</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Alexander_Mueller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Karl_Alexander_Mueller.jpg/160px-Karl_Alexander_Mueller.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Karl_Alexander_Mueller.jpg/240px-Karl_Alexander_Mueller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Karl_Alexander_Mueller.jpg/320px-Karl_Alexander_Mueller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K._Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="K. Alex Müller">K. Alex Müller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">Aage Bohr</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbyszek_Darzynkiewicz" title="Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz">Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz</a>, cell biologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Eberly" title="Joseph H. Eberly">Joseph H. Eberly</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erol_Gelenbe" title="Erol Gelenbe">Erol Gelenbe</a>, computer scientist and engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Martin Hairer</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_K._Hale" title="Jack K. Hale">Jack K. Hale</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Holgate_(physician)" title="Stephen Holgate (physician)">Stephen T. Holgate</a>, immunopharmacologist (2001)<sup id="cite_ref-aeSTH_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aeSTH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_H%C3%A5kon_Jahr" title="Ernst Håkon Jahr">Ernst Håkon Jahr</a>, linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski" title="Krzysztof Matyjaszewski">Krzysztof Matyjaszewski</a>, Polish chemist working at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Merton" title="Robert K. Merton">Robert K. Merton</a>, sociologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Karl Alexander Müller</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a>, mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_M._Simons" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter M. Simons">Peter M. Simons</a>, philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Szyma%C5%84ski_(scientist)" title="Bolesław Szymański (scientist)">Boleslaw Szymanski</a>, computer scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" class="mw-redirect" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a>, physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Zarnecki" title="George Zarnecki">George Zarnecki</a>, art historian</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Periodicals">Periodicals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Periodicals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_Academy_of_Sciences_academic_journals" title="Category:Polish Academy of Sciences academic journals">Polish Academy of Sciences academic journals</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Arithmetica" title="Acta Arithmetica">Acta Arithmetica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Asiatica_Varsoviensia" title="Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia">Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Ornithologica" title="Acta Ornithologica">Acta Ornithologica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Palaeontologica_Polonica" title="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Physica_Polonica" title="Acta Physica Polonica">Acta Physica Polonica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Polonici_Mathematici" title="Annales Polonici Mathematici">Annales Polonici Mathematici</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Zoologici" title="Annales Zoologici">Annales Zoologici</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archaeologia_Polona" title="Archaeologia Polona">Archaeologia Polona</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fundamenta_Mathematicae" title="Fundamenta Mathematicae">Fundamenta Mathematicae</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">French Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Academy_of_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Academy of Learning">Polish Academy of Learning</a> (headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_Society_of_Friends_of_Learning" title="Poznań Society of Friends of Learning">Poznań Society of Friends of Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Society_of_Friends_of_Learning" title="Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning">Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804034745/http://www.instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/dzieje-instytucji">"Instytucja Naukowa - Dzieje instytucji"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/dzieje-instytucji">the original</a> on 2014-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instytucja+Naukowa+-+Dzieje+instytucji&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.instytucja.pan.pl%2Findex.php%2Fdzieje-instytucji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHübner1987" class="citation book cs1">Hübner, P. (1987). <i>Nauka polska po II wojnie światowej – idee i instytucja</i>. Warsaw. pp. <span class="nowrap">143–</span>144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nauka+polska+po+II+wojnie+%C5%9Bwiatowej+%E2%80%93+idee+i+instytucja&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E144&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCbner&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804034745/http://www.instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/dzieje-instytucji">"Instytucja Naukowa - Dzieje instytucji"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/dzieje-instytucji">the original</a> on 2014-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instytucja+Naukowa+-+Dzieje+instytucji&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.instytucja.pan.pl%2Findex.php%2Fdzieje-instytucji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dzu1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dzu1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ustawa z dnia 30 kwietnia 2010 r. o Polskiej Akademii Nauk.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/wladze-pan?id=20">"Prezes"</a>. <i>Polish Academy of Sciences</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028033707/https://instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/wladze-pan?id=20">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polish+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Prezes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finstytucja.pan.pl%2Findex.php%2Fwladze-pan%3Fid%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/wladze-pan?id=21">"Wiceprezesi"</a>. <i>Polish Academy of Sciences</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190124041430/https://instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/wladze-pan?id=21">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polish+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Wiceprezesi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finstytucja.pan.pl%2Findex.php%2Fwladze-pan%3Fid%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C1458242%2Cjest-nowy-prezes-pan.html">"Prof. Marek Konarzewski wybrany na stanowiska prezesa PAN"</a>. <i>Polska Agencja Prasowa SA</i> (in Polish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023115429/https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,1458242,jest-nowy-prezes-pan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polska+Agencja+Prasowa+SA&rft.atitle=Prof.+Marek+Konarzewski+wybrany+na+stanowiska+prezesa+PAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pap.pl%2Faktualnosci%2Fnews%252C1458242%252Cjest-nowy-prezes-pan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edukacja.rp.pl/uczelnie-wyzsze/art37272751-prof-marek-konarzewski-nowym-prezesem-polskiej-akademii-nauk">"Prof. Marek Konarzewski nowym prezesem Polskiej Akademii Nauk"</a> (in Polish). Rzeczpospolita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020172704/https://edukacja.rp.pl/uczelnie-wyzsze/art37272751-prof-marek-konarzewski-nowym-prezesem-polskiej-akademii-nauk">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prof.+Marek+Konarzewski+nowym+prezesem+Polskiej+Akademii+Nauk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedukacja.rp.pl%2Fuczelnie-wyzsze%2Fart37272751-prof-marek-konarzewski-nowym-prezesem-polskiej-akademii-nauk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BanHippius2012-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BanHippius2012_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_A_BanHanns_Hippius2012" class="citation book cs1">Thomas A Ban; Hanns Hippius (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tVigBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT153"><i>Thirty Years CINP: A Brief History of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 153–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-73956-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-73956-9"><bdi>978-3-642-73956-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thirty+Years+CINP%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+Collegium+Internationale+Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum&rft.pages=153-&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-3-642-73956-9&rft.au=Thomas+A+Ban&rft.au=Hanns+Hippius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtVigBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibwpan.gda.pl/en">"Institute of Hydro-Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences - IBW PAN"</a>. <i>www.ibwpan.gda.pl</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ibwpan.gda.pl&rft.atitle=Institute+of+Hydro-Engineering+of+Polish+Academy+of+Sciences+-+IBW+PAN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibwpan.gda.pl%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aeSTH-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aeSTH_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Holgate_Stephen_Townley">"Academia Europaea: Holgate Stephen Townley"</a>. <i>AE-Info.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112116/https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Holgate_Stephen_Townley">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-20</span></span>. <q>2001 Overseas Member, Polish Academy of Sciences.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AE-Info.org&rft.atitle=Academia+Europaea%3A+Holgate+Stephen+Townley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ae-info.org%2Fae%2FMember%2FHolgate_Stephen_Townley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolish+Academy+of+Sciences" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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University in Poznań">Adam Mickiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="University of Białystok">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Stefan_Wyszy%C5%84ski_University_in_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw">Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="University of Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kochanowski_University" title="Jan Kochanowski University">Jan Kochanowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II_Catholic_University_of_Lublin" title="John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin">John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Wielki_University_in_Bydgoszcz" title="Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz">Kazimierz Wielki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="University of Łódź">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska_University" title="Maria Curie-Skłodowska University">Maria Curie-Skłodowska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus_University_in_Toru%C5%84" title="Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń">Nicolaus Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Opole" title="University of Opole">Opole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="University of Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Silesia_in_Katowice" title="University of Silesia in Katowice">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Szczecin" title="University of Szczecin">Szczecin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warmia_and_Mazury_in_Olsztyn" title="University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn">Warmia and Mazury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warsaw" title="University of Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="University of Wrocław">Wrocław</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="University of Zielona Góra"> Zielona Góra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGH_University_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="AGH University of Science and Technology">AGH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a" title="University of Bielsko-Biała">Bielsko-Biała</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialystok_University_of_Technology" title="Bialystok University of Technology">Białystok Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadeusz Kościuszko University of Technology">Kraków </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_University_of_Technology" title="Częstochowa University of Technology">Częstochowa </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_University_of_Technology" title="Gdańsk University of Technology">Gdańsk Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Pu%C5%82aski_University_of_Technology_and_Humanities_in_Radom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazimierz Pułaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom">Kazimierz Pułaski </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielce_University_of_Technology" title="Kielce University of Technology">Kielce </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_University_of_Technology" title="Koszalin University of Technology">Koszalin </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_University_of_Technology" title="Lublin University of Technology">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodz_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodz University of Technology">Łodź Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opole_University_of_Technology" title="Opole University of Technology">Opole </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_University_of_Technology" title="Poznań University of Technology">Poznań </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w_University_of_Technology" title="Rzeszów University of Technology">Rzeszów Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_University_of_Technology" title="Silesian University of Technology">Silesian Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_University_of_Technology" title="West Pomeranian University of Technology">West Pomeranian </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_University_of_Technology" title="Warsaw University of Technology">Warsaw Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Wrocław University of Science and Technology">Wrocław Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology_and_Life_Sciences_in_Bydgoszcz" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz Technical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University_Medical_College" title="Jagiellonian University Medical College">Jagiellonian College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Medical University of Białystok">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="Medical University of Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Silesia" title="Medical University of Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Lublin" title="Medical University of Lublin">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Medical University of Łódź">Łódź</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poznan_University_of_Medical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Poznan University of Medical Sciences">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Medical_University_in_Szczecin" title="Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin">Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Warsaw" title="Medical University of Warsaw">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw_Medical_University" title="Wrocław Medical University">Wrocław</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Economics_in_Katowice" title="University of Economics in Katowice">Economics in Katowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_University_of_Economics" title="Kraków University of Economics">Economics in Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Poznań University of Economics and Business">Economics in Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw_University_of_Economics" title="Wrocław University of Economics">Economics in Wrocław</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fine arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fryderyk_Chopin_University_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Fryderyk Chopin University of Music">Music in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Fine_Arts_in_Pozna%C5%84" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Fine Arts in Poznań">Fine Arts in Poznań</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedagogical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedagogical_University_of_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Pedagogical University of Kraków">Pedagogical in Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siedlce_University_of_Natural_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities">Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz_University" title="Jan Długosz University">Jan Długosz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw_University_of_Environmental_and_Life_Sciences" title="Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences">Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Life_Sciences_in_Pozna%C5%84" title="University of Life Sciences in Poznań">Life Sciences in Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_University_of_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Agricultural University of Kraków">Agricultural in Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Life_Sciences_in_Lublin" title="University of Life Sciences in Lublin">Life Sciences in Lublin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gdynia_Maritime_University" title="Gdynia Maritime University">Gdynia Maritime University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWPS_University_of_Social_Sciences_and_Humanities" class="mw-redirect" title="SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities">SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Economics_and_Human_Sciences_in_Warsaw" title="University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw">University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe in Natolin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Science_Council_(ISC)163" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Science_Council" title="Template talk:International Science Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Science_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Science Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Science_Council_(ISC)163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Science_Council" title="International Science Council">International Science Council (ISC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Albania" title="Academy of Sciences of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundation_of_Science_and_Development_(Angola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundation of Science and Development (Angola) (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Scientific_and_Technical_Research_Council" title="National Scientific and Technical Research Council">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Armenian National Academy of Sciences">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Academy_of_Science" title="Australian Academy of Science">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Austrian Academy of Sciences">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bangladesh Academy of Sciences">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Belarus" title="National Academy of Sciences of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academies_for_Science_and_the_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences,_Arts_and_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_de_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia & Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts_of_the_Republika_Srpska" title="Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Infrastructure_Science_and_Technology_(Botswana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Infrastructure Science and Technology (Botswana) (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Brazilian Academy of Sciences">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_Nacional_de_Pos-Graduacao_e_Pesquisa_em_Ciencias_Sociais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Ciencias Sociais (page does not exist)">ANPOCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_National_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique_et_Technologique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cameroon Academy of Sciences">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (Canada)">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences_and_Humanities_Research_Council" title="Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council">SSHRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Chilena_de_Ciencias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Chilena de Ciencias (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Association_for_Science_and_Technology" title="China Association for Science and Technology">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Social Sciences">CASS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Colombiana_de_Ciencias_Exactas,_Fisicas_y_Naturales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales (page does not exist)">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Costa_Rica)" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Costa Rica)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_sciences,_des_arts,_des_cultures_d%27Afrique_et_des_diasporas_africaines" title="Académie des sciences, des arts, des cultures d'Afrique et des diasporas africaines">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Cuban Academy of Sciences">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Czech Academy of Sciences">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters" title="Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Sciences of the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academy_of_Scientific_Research_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viceministerio_de_Ciencia_y_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_de_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viceministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología de El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Estonian Academy of Sciences">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Eswatini)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Eswatini) (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Science_and_Technology_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopian Science and Technology Agency (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Finnish_Academies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Finnish Academies (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences" title="French Academy of Sciences">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Georgian National Academy of Sciences">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Research_Foundation" title="German Research Foundation">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_de_Ciencias_M%C3%A9dicas_Fisicas_y_Naturales_de_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia de Ciencias Médicas Fisicas y Naturales de Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Sciences of Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Science_Academy" title="Indian National Science Academy">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Social_Science_Research" title="Indian Council of Social Science Research">ICSSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_and_Innovation_Agency_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research and Innovation Agency (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (Iraq) (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(Italy)" title="National Research Council (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Council (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Council_of_Japan" title="Science Council of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scientific_Society" title="Royal Scientific Society">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Kenya National Academy of Sciences">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" title="Academy of Sciences of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Republic_of_Korea" title="National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korean_Social_Science_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korean Social Science Research Council (page does not exist)">KSSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Korean Academy of Science and Technology">KAST</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lao_National_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lao National Science Council (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Latvian Academy of Sciences">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Council_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Council for Scientific Research (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Lesotho)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Science and Technology (Lesotho) (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lithuanian Academy of Sciences">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luxembourg_National_Research_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luxembourg National Research Fund (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minist%C3%A8re_de_l%27Enseignement_Sup%C3%A9rieur_et_de_la_Recherche_Scientifique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_Malaysia" title="Academy of Sciences Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mauritius_Academy_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mauritius Academy of Science (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mexican Academy of Sciences">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consejo_Mexicano_de_Ciencias_Sociales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consejo Mexicano de Ciencias Sociales (page does not exist)">COMECSO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_of_Moldova" title="Academy of Sciences of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Scientifique_de_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Scientifique de Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Mongolian Academy of Sciences">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_II_Academy_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan II Academy for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_Research_Association_of_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific Research Association of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Commission_on_Research,_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Commission on Research, Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Nepal Academy of Science and Technology">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_Te_Ap%C4%81rangi" title="Royal Society Te Apārangi">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Academy_of_Science" title="Nigerian Academy of Science">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters" title="Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bergen" title="University of Bergen">UB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="Pakistan Association for the Advancement of Science">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Panama" title="University of Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_Nacional_de_Ciencias_(Peru)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Peru) (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_(Philippines)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council (Philippines) (page does not exist)">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_Social_Science_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippine Social Science Council (page does not exist)">PSSC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Lisbon Academy of Sciences">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Science_and_Technology_(Rwanda)" title="College of Science and Technology (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Abdulaziz_City_for_Science_and_Technology" title="King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senegal_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senegal Academy of Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_National_Parks_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles National Parks Authority (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_National_Academy_of_Science" title="Singapore National Academy of Science">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Slovak Academy of Sciences">Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Foundation_(South_Africa)" title="National Research Foundation (South Africa)">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Sciences_Research_Council_of_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa (page does not exist)">HSRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Science (Spain)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_of_Sri_Lanka" title="National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Research_(Sudan)" title="National Centre for Research (Sudan)">Sudan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Sudanese National Academy of Sciences">SNAS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_Academy_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Academies_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Tajik Academy of Sciences">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Commission_for_Science_and_Technology" title="Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Research_Council_of_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Research Council of Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chancellerie_des_Universit%C3%A9s_du_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chancellerie des Universités du Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis_El_Manar_University" title="Tunis El Manar University">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Turkish Academy of Sciences">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_Academy_Society_of_Turkey" title="The Science Academy Society of Turkey">Science Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_and_Technological_Research_Council_of_Turkey" title="Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey">TÜBİTAK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uganda_National_Council_for_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_Ukraine" title="National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Research_Council" title="Economic and Social Research Council">ESRC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Consejo_Nacional_de_Innovacion_Ciencia_y_Tecnologia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Consejo Nacional de Innovacion Ciencia y Tecnologia (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbekistan_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fondo_Nacional_de_Ciencia,_Tecnolog%C3%ADa_e_Innovaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Union_of_Science_and_Technology_Associations" title="Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zambia Academy of Sciences">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Zimbabwe Academy of Sciences">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Council_of_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Council of Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">RCZ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Council_for_the_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Council for the Social Sciences (page does not exist)">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Asian_Social_Science_Research_Councils&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Asian Social Science Research Councils (page does not exist)">AASSREC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Academy_of_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caribbean Academy of Sciences (page does not exist)">CASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consejo_Latinoamericano_de_Ciencias_Sociales" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales">CLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Development_of_Social_Science_Research_in_Africa" title="Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa">CODESRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Faculty_of_Social_Sciences" title="Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences">FLACSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Acad%C3%A9mique_Internationale" title="Union Académique Internationale">UAI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_for_Social_Science_Research_in_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa (page does not exist)">OSSREA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">USP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions and<br />associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Social_Studies_of_Science" title="Society for Social Studies of Science">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Association_of_Legal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Association of Legal Science (page does not exist)">IALS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Arctic_Social_Sciences_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Arctic Social Sciences Association (page does not exist)">IASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cartographic_Association" title="International Cartographic Association">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Economic_Association" title="International Economic Association">IEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Societies_for_Microscopy" title="International Federation of Societies for Microscopy">IFSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Geographical_Union" title="International Geographical Union">IGU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mathematical_Union" title="International Mathematical Union">IMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Quaternary_Research" title="International Union for Quaternary Research">INQUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Research_Association" title="International Peace Research Association">IPRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Political_Science_Association" title="International Political Science Association">IPSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Sociological_Association" title="International Sociological Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Ecological_Economics" title="International Society for Ecological Economics">ISEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Photogrammetry_and_Remote_Sensing" title="International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing">ISPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">IUBMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Biological_Sciences" title="International Union of Biological Sciences">IUBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Crystallography" title="International Union of Crystallography">IUCr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology" title="International Union of Food Science and Technology">IUFoST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Forest_Research_Organizations" title="International Union of Forest Research Organizations">IUFRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geodesy_and_Geophysics" title="International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics">IUGG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">IUGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_History_and_Philosophy_of_Science" title="International Union of History and Philosophy of Science">IUHPST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Immunological_Societies" title="International Union of Immunological Societies">IUIS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Materials_Research_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Materials Research Society (page does not exist)">IUMRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies" title="International Union of Microbiological Societies">IUMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Nutritional_Sciences" title="International Union of Nutritional Sciences">IUNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Pure_and_Applied_Biophysics" title="International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics">IUPAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Physics" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Physics">IUPAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Physical_and_Engineering_Sciences_in_Medicine" title="International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine">IUPESM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Basic_and_Clinical_Pharmacology" title="International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology">IUPHAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Physiological_Sciences" title="International Union of Physiological Sciences">IUPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Psychological_Science" title="International Union of Psychological Science">IUPsyS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Soil_Sciences" title="International Union of Soil Sciences">IUSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Population" title="International Union for the Scientific Study of Population">IUSSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Theoretical_and_Applied_Mechanics" title="International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics">IUTAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Union_of_Toxicology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Union of Toxicology (page does not exist)">IUTOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Radio_Science" title="International Union of Radio Science">URSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_for_Public_Opinion_Research" title="World Association for Public Opinion Research">WAPOR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Anthropological_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Anthropological Union (page does not exist)">WAU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences" title="African Academy of Sciences">AAS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Academies_and_Societies_of_Sciences_in_Asia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia (page does not exist)">AASSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Academy of Social Sciences">ACSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Science-Technology_Centers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Science-Technology Centers">ASTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">CIE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Association_of_Development_and_Training_Institutes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Association of Development and Training Institutes (page does not exist)">EADI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Consortium_for_Political_Research" title="European Consortium for Political Research">ECPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_des_G%C3%A9om%C3%A8tres" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération Internationale des Géomètres">FIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Academy" title="Global Young Academy">GYA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Applied_Psychology" title="International Association of Applied Psychology">IAAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Hydro-Environment_Engineering_and_Research" title="International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research">IAHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Arctic_Science_Committee" title="International Arctic Science Committee">IASC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Acoustics" title="International Commission for Acoustics">ICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Industrial_and_Applied_Mathematics" title="International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics">ICIAM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Council_for_Laboratory_Animal_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (page does not exist)">ICLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_for_Optics" title="International Commission for Optics">ICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_for_Scientific_and_Technical_Information" title="International Council for Scientific and Technical Information">ICSTI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Federation_of_Data_Organizations_for_Social_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Federation of Data Organizations for Social Science (page does not exist)">IFDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Information_Processing" title="International Federation for Information Processing">IFIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Library_Associations_and_Institutions" title="International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions">IFLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Foundation_for_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="International Foundation for Science">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Applied_Systems_Analysis" title="International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis">IIASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Studies_Association" title="International Studies Association">ISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Digital_Earth" title="International Society for Digital Earth">ISDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Vacuum_Science,_Technique_and_Applications" title="International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications">IUVSTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Water_Association" title="International Water Association">IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Science_Association" title="Pacific Science Association">PSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Council" title="Social Science Research Council">SSRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_Institute" title="Transnational Institute">TNI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences" title="The World Academy of Sciences">TWAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Speleology" title="International Union of Speleology">UIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2076" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2076" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651690#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1002317-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79046197">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11866918x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11866918x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Polska Akademia Nauk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20020808069&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/376272">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90141389">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000043233&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810558661205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/5971">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007266631805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514031406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06992498?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026418401">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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