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accumbens</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: nucleus accumbens"> <meta name="keywords" content="nucleus accumbens"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="nucleus accumbens"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 153</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: nucleus accumbens</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Pre-Administration of Thunbergia Laurifolia Linn. Prevent the Increase of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens in Ethanol Addicted Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Watchareewan%20Thongsaard">Watchareewan Thongsaard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratirat%20Sangpayap"> Ratirat Sangpayap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneekarn%20Namsa-Aid"> Maneekarn Namsa-Aid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. (TL) is a herbal medicine which has been used as an antidote for several poisonous agents including insecticides and as a component of a mixture of crude extracts to treat drug addicted patients. The aim of this study is to examine the level of dopamine in nucleus accumbens after chronic pre-administration of TL in ethanol addicted rats. Male Wistar rats weigh 200-250 g received TL methanol extract (200mg/kg, orally) 60 minutes before 20% ethanol (1 g/kg, i.p.) for 30 days. The nucleus accumbens was removed and tested for dopamine by HPLC-ECD. The level of dopamine was significantly increased by chronic ethanol administration, whereas the chronic TL extract administration did not cause a difference in dopamine level when compared to control. Moreover, the pre-treatment of TL extract before ethanol significantly reduced the dopamine level in nucleus accumbens to normal level when compared with chronic ethanol administration alone. These results suggested that the increase in dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens by chronic ethanol administration is the cause of ethanol addiction, and this effect is prevented by chronic TL pre-administration. Furthermore, chronic TL extract administration alone did not cause the changes in dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens, indicating that TL itself did not cause addiction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thunbergia%20laurifolia%20Linn." title="Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.">Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol%20addiction" title=" alcohol addiction"> alcohol addiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens" title=" nucleus accumbens"> nucleus accumbens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101812/pre-administration-of-thunbergia-laurifolia-linn-prevent-the-increase-of-dopamine-in-the-nucleus-accumbens-in-ethanol-addicted-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Perinatal Ethanol Exposure Modifies CART System in Rat Brain Anticipated for Development of Anxiety, Depression and Memory Deficits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P.%20Dandekar">M. P. Dandekar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20P.%20Bharne"> A. P. Bharne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20T.%20Borkar"> P. T. Borkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20M.%20Kokare"> D. M. Kokare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Subhedar"> N. K. Subhedar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethanol ingestion by the mother ensue adverse consequences for her offspring. Herein, we examine the behavioral phenotype and neural substrate of the offspring of the mother on ethanol. Female rats were fed with ethanol-containing liquid diet from 8 days prior of conception and continued till 25 days post-parturition to coincide with weaning. Behavioral changes associated with anxiety, depression and learning and memory were assessed in the offspring, after they attained adulthood (day 85), using elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim (FST) and novel object recognition tests (NORT), respectively. The offspring of the alcoholic mother, compared to those of the pair-fed mother, spent significantly more time in closed arms of EPM and showed more immobility time in FST. Offspring at the age of 25 and 85 days failed to discriminate between novel versus familiar object in NORT, thus reflecting anxiogenic, depressive and amnesic phenotypes. Neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) is known to be involved in central effects of ethanol and hence selected for the current study. Twenty-five days old pups of the alcoholic mother showed significant augmentation in CART-immunoreactivity in the cells of Edinger-Westphal (EW) nucleus and lateral hypothalamus. However, a significant decrease in CART-immunoreactivity was seen in nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), lateral part of bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTl), locus coeruleus (LC), hippocampus (CA1, CA2 and CA3), and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the pups and/or adults offspring. While no change in the CART-immunoreactive fibers of AcbSh and BNSTl, CA2 and CA3 was noticed in the 25 days old pups, the CART-immunoreactive cells in EW and paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and fibers in the central nucleus of amygdala of 85 days old offspring remained unaffected. We suggest that the endogenous CART system in these discrete areas, among other factors, may be a causal to the abnormalities in the next generation of an alcoholic mother. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CART" title=" CART"> CART</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanol" title=" ethanol"> ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunocytochemistry" title=" immunocytochemistry"> immunocytochemistry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40929/perinatal-ethanol-exposure-modifies-cart-system-in-rat-brain-anticipated-for-development-of-anxiety-depression-and-memory-deficits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Subthalamic Nucleus in Adult Human Cadaveric Brain: A Morphometric Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mangala%20Kohli">Mangala Kohli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20A.%20Athira"> P. A. Athira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reeha%20Mahajan"> Reeha Mahajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a biconvex nucleus situated in the diencephalon. The knowledge of the morphometry of the subthalamic nucleus is essential for accurate targeting of the nucleus during Deep Brain Stimulation. The present study aims to note the morphometry of the subthalamic nucleus in both the cerebral hemispheres which will prove to be of great value to radiologists and neurosurgeons. A cross‐sectional observational study was conducted in the Departments of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Associated Hospitals, New Delhi on thirty adult cadaveric brain specimens of unclaimed and donated corpses. The specimens were categorized into 3 age groups: 20-35, 35-50 and above 50 years. All samples were collected after following the standard protocol for ethical clearance. The morphometric study of 60 subthalamic nucleus was thus conducted. Transverse section of the brain was made at a plane 4mm ventral to the plane containing mid commissural point. The dimensions of the subthalamic nucleus were measured bilaterally with the aid of digital Vernier caliper and magnifying glass. In the present study, the mean length and width and AC-PC length of the subthalamic nucleus was recorded on the right and left side in Group A, B and C. On comparison of mean of subthalamic nucleus dimensions between the right and left side in Group C, no statistically significant difference was observed. The length and width of subthalamic nucleus measured in the 3 age groups were compared with each other and the p value calculated. There was no statistically significant difference between the dimensions of Group A and B, Group B and C as well as Group A and C. The present study reveals that there is no significant reduction in the size of the nucleus was noted with increasing age. Thus, the values obtained in the present study can be used as a reference for various invasive and non-invasive procedures on subthalamic nucleus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cerebral%20hemisphere" title="cerebral hemisphere">cerebral hemisphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20brain%20stimulation" title=" deep brain stimulation"> deep brain stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometry" title=" morphometry"> morphometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subthalamic%20nucleus" title=" subthalamic nucleus"> subthalamic nucleus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102231/subthalamic-nucleus-in-adult-human-cadaveric-brain-a-morphometric-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102231.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> The Relationship of the Dentate Nucleus with the Pyramid of Vermis: A Microneurosurgical Anatomical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santhosh%20K.%20S.%20Annayappa">Santhosh K. S. Annayappa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nupur%20Pruthi"> Nupur Pruthi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The region of dentate nucleus is a common site for various pathologies like hematomas, tumours, etc. We aimed to study in detail the relationship of this region with the vermis, especially the pyramid using microscopic fibre dissection technique. To achieve this aim, 20 cerebellar hemispheres were studied from the 11 cerebellums. Dissection was performed using wooden spatulas and micro dissectors under a microscope following Klingler’s preservation technique. The relationship between the pyramid of vermis and the dentate nucleus was studied in detail. A similar relationship was studied on the MRI of randomly selected trigeminal neuralgia patients and correlated with anatomical findings. Results show the mean distance of the lateral margin of the dentate nucleus from the midline on anatomic specimens was 21.4 ± 1.8 mm (19-25 mm) and 23.4 ± 3.4 mm (15-29 mm) on right and left side, respectively. Similar measurements made on the MRI were 22.97 ± 2.0 mm (20.03-26.15 mm) on the right side and 23.98 ± 2.1 mm (21.47-27.67 mm) on the left side. The amount of white matter dissection required to reach the dentate nucleus at the pyramidal attachment area was 7.3 ± 1.0 mm (6-9 mm) on the right side and 6.8 ± 1.4 mm (5-10 mm) on the left side. It was concluded that the pyramid of vermis has a constant relationship with the dentate nucleus and can be used as an excellent landmark during surgery to localise the dentate nucleus on the suboccipital surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20dissection" title="fiber dissection">fiber dissection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20neurosurgery" title=" micro neurosurgery"> micro neurosurgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20dentate%20nucleus%20of%20cerebellum" title=" the dentate nucleus of cerebellum"> the dentate nucleus of cerebellum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20pyramid%20of%20vermis" title=" the pyramid of vermis"> the pyramid of vermis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102046/the-relationship-of-the-dentate-nucleus-with-the-pyramid-of-vermis-a-microneurosurgical-anatomical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Visual Improvement Outcome of Pars Plana Vitrectomy Combined Endofragmentation and Secondary IOL Implantation for Dropped Nucleus After Cataract Surgery : A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saut%20Samuel%20Simamora">Saut Samuel Simamora</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> PURPOSE: Nucleus drop is one of the most feared and severe complications of modern cataract surgery. The lens material may drop through iatrogenic breaks of the posterior capsule. The incidence of the nucleus as the complication of phacoemulsification increases concomitant to the increased frequency of phacoemulsification. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) followed by endofragmentation and secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the choice of management procedure. This case report aims to present the outcome of PPV for the treatment dropped nucleus after cataract surgery METHODS: A 65 year old female patient came to Vitreoretina department with chief complaints blurry vision in her left eye after phacoemulsification one month before. Ophthalmological examination revealed visual acuity of the right eye (VA RE) was 6/15, and the left eye (VA LE) was hand movement. The intraocular pressure (IOP) on the right eye was 18 mmHg, and on the left eye was 59 mmHg. On her left eye, there were aphakic, dropped lens nucleus and secondary glaucoma.RESULTS: The patient got antiglaucoma agent until her IOP was decreased. She underwent pars plana vitrectomy to remove dropped nucleus and iris fixated IOL. One week post operative evaluation revealed VA LE was 6/7.5 and iris fixated IOL in proper position. CONCLUSIONS: Nucleus drop generally occurs in phacoemulsification cataract surgery techniques. Retained lens nucleus or fragments in the vitreous may cause severe intraocular inflammation leading to secondary glaucoma. The proper and good management for retained lens fragments in nucleus drop give excellent outcome to patient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20glaucoma" title="secondary glaucoma">secondary glaucoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complication%20of%20phacoemulsification" title=" complication of phacoemulsification"> complication of phacoemulsification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20drop" title=" nucleus drop"> nucleus drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pars%20plana%20vitrectomy" title=" pars plana vitrectomy"> pars plana vitrectomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171914/visual-improvement-outcome-of-pars-plana-vitrectomy-combined-endofragmentation-and-secondary-iol-implantation-for-dropped-nucleus-after-cataract-surgery-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Development of Demand-Controlled Deep Brain Stimulation with Methods from Stochastic Phase Resetting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Akhbardeh">Mahdi Akhbardeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synchronization of neuronal firing is a hallmark of several neurological diseases. Recently, stimulation techniques have been developed which make it possible to desynchronize oscillatory neuronal activity in a mild and effective way, without suppressing the neurons' firing. As yet, these techniques are being used to establish demand-controlled deep brain stimulation (DBS) techniques for the therapy of movement disorders like severe Parkinson's disease or essential tremor. We here present a first conceptualization suggesting that the nucleus accumbens is a promising target for the standard, that is, permanent high-frequency, DBS in patients with severe and chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In addition, we explain how demand-controlled DBS techniques may be applied to the therapy of OCD in those cases that are refractory to behavioral therapies and pharmacological treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotactic%20neurosurgery" title="stereotactic neurosurgery">stereotactic neurosurgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20brain%20stimulation" title=" deep brain stimulation"> deep brain stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obsessive-compulsive%20disorder" title=" obsessive-compulsive disorder"> obsessive-compulsive disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20resetting" title=" phase resetting"> phase resetting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19192/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-development-of-demand-controlled-deep-brain-stimulation-with-methods-from-stochastic-phase-resetting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Types of Neurons in the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus of the Camel Brain: Golgi Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qasim%20A.%20El%20Dwairi">Qasim A. El Dwairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20M.%20Banihani"> Saleh M. Banihani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayat%20S.%20Banihani"> Ayat S. Banihani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziad%20M.%20Bataineh"> Ziad M. Bataineh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the camel were studied by Golgi impregnation. Neurons were classified based on differences in size and shape of their cell bodies, density of their dendritic trees, morphology and distribution of their appendages. In the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the camel, at least twelve types of neurons were identified. These neurons include, stalked, islets, octubus-like, lobulated, boat-like, pyramidal, multipolar, round, oval and elongated neurons. They have large number of different forms of appendages not only for their dendrites but also for their cell bodies. Neurons with unique large dilatations especially at their dendritic branching points were found. The morphological features of these neurons were described and compared with their counterparts in other species. Finding of large number of neuronal types with different size and shapes and large number of different forms of appendages for cell bodies and dendrites together with the presence of cells with unique features such as large dilated parts for dendrites may indicate to a very complex information processing for pain and temperature at the level of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the camel that traditionally live in a very hard environment (the desert). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=camel" title="camel">camel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golgi" title=" golgi"> golgi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurons" title=" neurons "> neurons </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal%20trigeminal%20nucleus" title=" spinal trigeminal nucleus"> spinal trigeminal nucleus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30990/types-of-neurons-in-the-spinal-trigeminal-nucleus-of-the-camel-brain-golgi-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Non-Coplanar Nuclei in Heavy-Ion Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahila%20Chopra">Sahila Chopra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemdeep"> Hemdeep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshdeep%20Kaur"> Arshdeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj%20K.%20Gupta"> Raj K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent times, we noticed an interesting and important role of non-coplanar degree-of-freedom (Φ = 00) in heavy ion reactions. Using the dynamical cluster-decay model (DCM) with Φ degree-of-freedom included, we have studied three compound systems 246Bk&lowast;, 164Yb&lowast; and 105Ag&lowast;. Here, within the DCM with pocket formula for nuclear proximity potential, we look for the effects of including compact, non-coplanar configurations (Φc = 00) on the non-compound nucleus (nCN) contribution in total fusion cross section σfus. For 246Bk&lowast;, formed in 11B+235U and 14N+232Th reaction channels, the DCM with coplanar nuclei (Φc = 00) shows an nCN contribution for 11B+235U channel, but none for 14N+232Th channel, which on including Φ gives both reaction channels as pure compound nucleus decays. In the case of 164Yb&lowast;, formed in 64Ni+100Mo, the small nCN effects for Φ=00 are reduced to almost zero for Φ = 00. Interestingly, however, 105Ag&lowast; for Φ = 00 shows a small nCN contribution, which gets strongly enhanced for Φ = 00, such that the characteristic property of PCN presents a change of behaviour, like that of a strongly fissioning superheavy element to a weakly fissioning nucleus; note that 105Ag&lowast; is a weakly fissioning nucleus and Psurv behaves like one for a weakly fissioning nucleus for both Φ = 00 and Φ = 00. Apparently, Φ is presenting itself like a good degree-of-freedom in the DCM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamical%20cluster-decay%20model" title="dynamical cluster-decay model">dynamical cluster-decay model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion%20cross%20sections" title=" fusion cross sections"> fusion cross sections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-compound%20nucleus%20effects" title=" non-compound nucleus effects"> non-compound nucleus effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-coplanarity" title=" non-coplanarity"> non-coplanarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41851/non-coplanar-nuclei-in-heavy-ion-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Interconnections between Chronic Jet Lag and Neurological Disorders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suliman%20Khan">Suliman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabeea%20Siddique"> Rabeea Siddique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengzhou%20Xue"> Mengzhou Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Patients with neurological disorders often display altered circadian rhythms. The disrupted circadian rhythms through chronic jetlag or shiftwork are thought to increase the risk and severity of human disease, including cancer, psychiatric, and related brain diseases. In this study, we investigated the impact of shiftwork or chronic jetlag (CJL) like conditions on mice’s brains. Transcriptome profiling based on RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with serious neurological disorders were differentially expressed in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). According to the qPCR analysis, several key regulatory genes associated with neurological disorders were significantly altered in the NAc, PFC, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum. Serotonin levels and the expression levels of serotonin transporters and receptors were significantly altered in mice treated with CJL. Overall, these results indicate that CJL may increase the risk of neurological disorders by disrupting the key regulatory genes, biological functions, serotonin, and corticosterone. These molecular linkages can further be studied to investigate the mechanism underlying CJL or shiftwork-mediated neurological disorders in order to develop treatment strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20jetlag" title="chronic jetlag">chronic jetlag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20profiles" title=" molecular profiles"> molecular profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20disorders" title=" brain disorders"> brain disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circadian%20rhythms" title=" circadian rhythms"> circadian rhythms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159316/interconnections-between-chronic-jet-lag-and-neurological-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Decay Analysis of 118Xe* Nucleus Formed in 28Si Induced Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20K.%20Sharma">Manoj K. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Grover"> Neha Grover</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamical cluster decay model (DCM) is applied to study the decay mechanism of 118Xe* nucleus in reference to recent data on 28Si + 90Zr → 118Xe* reaction, as an extension of our previous work on the dynamics of 112Xe* nucleus. It is relevant to mention here that DCM is based on collective clusterization approach, where emission probability of different decay paths such as evaporation residue (ER), intermediate mass fragments (IMF) and fission etc. is worked out on parallel scale. Calculations have been done over a wide range of center of mass energies with Ec.m. = 65 - 92 MeV. The evaporation residue (ER) cross-sections of 118Xe* compound nucleus are fitted in reference to available data, using spherical and quadrupole (β2) deformed choice of decaying fragments within the optimum orientations approach. It may be noted that our calculated cross-sections find decent agreement with experimental data and hence provide an opportunity to analyze the exclusive role of deformations in view of fragmentation behavior of 118Xe* nucleus. The possible contribution of IMF fragments is worked out and an extensive effort is being made to analyze the role of excitation energy, angular momentum, diffuseness parameter and level density parameter to have better understanding of the decay patterns governed in the dynamics of 28Si + 90Zr → 118Xe* reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-sections" title="cross-sections">cross-sections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformations" title=" deformations"> deformations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragmentation" title=" fragmentation"> fragmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angular%20momentum" title=" angular momentum"> angular momentum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41838/decay-analysis-of-118xe-nucleus-formed-in-28si-induced-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Neuron Imaging in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandy%20Bao">Sandy Bao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yankang%20Bao"> Yankang Bao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The understanding of information that is being processed in the brain, especially in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), has been proven challenging for modern neuroscience and for researchers with a focus on how neurons process signals and images. In this paper, we are proposing a method to image process different colors within different layers of LGN, that is, green information in layers 4 & 6 and red & blue in layers 3 & 5 based on the surface dimension of layers. We take into consideration the images in LGN and visual cortex, and that the edge detected information from the visual cortex needs to be considered in order to return back to the layers of LGN, along with the image in LGN to form the new image, which will provide an improved image that is clearer, sharper, and making it easier to identify objects in the image. Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) simulation is performed, and results show that the clarity of the output image has significant improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20geniculate%20nucleus" title="lateral geniculate nucleus">lateral geniculate nucleus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20laboratory" title=" matrix laboratory"> matrix laboratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroscience" title=" neuroscience"> neuroscience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cortex" title=" visual cortex"> visual cortex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137931/neuron-imaging-in-lateral-geniculate-nucleus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Effect of Toxic Metals Exposure on Rat Behavior and Brain Morphology: Arsenic, Manganese</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Bikashvili">Tamar Bikashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Lordkipanidze"> Tamar Lordkipanidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilia%20Lazrishvili"> Ilia Lazrishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals remain one of serious environmental problems due to their toxic effects. The effect of arsenic and manganese compounds on rat behavior and neuromorphology was studied. Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: rats in control group were given regular water, while rats in other groups drank water with ﬁnal manganese concentration of 10 mg/L (group A), 20 mg/L (group B) and final arsenic concentration 68 mg/L (group C), respectively, for a month. To study exploratory and anxiety behavior and also to evaluate aggressive performance in “home cage” rats were tested in “Open Field” and to estimate learning and memory status multi-branched maze was used. Statistically significant increase of motor and oriental-searching activity in experimental groups was revealed by an open field test, which was expressed in increase of number of lines crossed, rearing and hole reflexes. Obtained results indicated the suppression of fear in rats exposed to manganese. Specifically, this was estimated by the frequency of getting to the central part of the open field. Experiments revealed that 30-day exposure to 10 mg/ml manganese did not stimulate aggressive behavior in rats, while exposure to the higher dose (20 mg/ml), 37% of initially non-aggressive animals manifested aggressive behavior. Furthermore, 25% of rats were extremely aggressive. Obtained data support the hypothesis that excess manganese in the body is one of the immediate causes of enhancement of interspecific predatory aggressive and violent behavior in rats. It was also discovered that manganese intoxication produces non-reversible severe learning disability and insignificant, reversible memory disturbances. Studies of rodents exposed to arsenic also revealed changes in the learning process. As it is known, the distribution of metal ions differs in various brain regions. The principle manganese accumulation was observed in the hippocampus and in the neocortex, while arsenic was predominantly accumulated in nucleus accumbens, striatum, and cortex. These brain regions play an important role in the regulation of emotional state and motor activity. Histopathological analyzes of brain sections illustrated two morphologically distinct altered phenotypes of neurons: (1) shrunk cells with indications of apoptosis - nucleus and cytoplasm were very difficult to be distinguished, the integrity of neuronal cytoplasm was not disturbed; and (2) swollen cells - with indications of necrosis. Pyknotic nucleus, plasma membrane disruption and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in swollen neurons and they were surrounded by activated gliocytes. It’s worth to mention that in the cortex the majority of damaged neurons were apoptotic while in subcortical nuclei –neurons were mainly necrotic. Ultrastructural analyses demonstrated that all cell types in the cortex and the nucleus caudatus represent destructed mitochondria, widened neurons’ vacuolar system profiles, increased number of lysosomes and degeneration of axonal endings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title="arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manganese" title=" manganese"> manganese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuron" title=" neuron"> neuron</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41099/effect-of-toxic-metals-exposure-on-rat-behavior-and-brain-morphology-arsenic-manganese" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Robustness Conditions for the Establishment of Stationary Patterns of Drosophila Segmentation Gene Expression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekaterina%20M.%20Myasnikova">Ekaterina M. Myasnikova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20A.%20Makashov"> Andrey A. Makashov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20V.%20Spirov"> Alexander V. Spirov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> First manifestation of a segmentation pattern in the early Drosophila development is the formation of expression domains (along with the main embryo axis) of genes belonging to the trunk gene class. Highly variable expression of genes from gap family in early Drosophila embryo is strongly reduced by the start of gastrulation due to the gene cross-regulation. The dynamics of gene expression is described by a gene circuit model for a system of four gap genes. It is shown that for the formation of a steep and stationary border by the model it is necessary that there existed a nucleus (modeling point) in which the gene expression level is constant in time and hence is described by a stationary equation. All the rest genes expressed in this nucleus are in a dynamic equilibrium. The mechanism of border formation associated with the existence of a stationary nucleus is also confirmed by the experiment. An important advantage of this approach is that properties of the system in a stationary nucleus are described by algebraic equations and can be easily handled analytically. Thus we explicitly characterize the cross-regulation properties necessary for the robustness and formulate the conditions providing this effect through the properties of the initial input data. It is shown that our formally derived conditions are satisfied for the previously published model solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drosophila" title="drosophila">drosophila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20genes" title=" gap genes"> gap genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reaction-diffusion%20model" title=" reaction-diffusion model"> reaction-diffusion model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73794/robustness-conditions-for-the-establishment-of-stationary-patterns-of-drosophila-segmentation-gene-expression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Differential Expression of Arc in the Mesocorticolimbic System Is Involved in Drug and Natural Rewarding Behavior in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhua%20Wang">Yuhua Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mu%20Li"> Mu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinggen%20Liu"> Jinggen Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: To investigate the different effects of heroin and milk in activating the corticostriatal system that plays a critical role in reward reinforcement learning. Methods: Male SD rats were trained daily for 15 d to self-administer heroin or milk tablets in a classic runway drug self-administration model. Immunohistochemical assay was used to quantify Arc protein expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and the ventrolateral striatum (VLS) in response to chronic self-administration of heroin or milk tablets. NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 (0.1 mg/kg) or dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 (0.03 mg/kg) were intravenously injected at the same time as heroin was infused intravenously. Results: Runway training with heroin resulted in robust enhancement of Arc expression in the mPFC, the NAc and the DMS on d 1, 7, and 15, and in the VLS on d 1 and d 7. However, runway training with milk led to increased Arc expression in the mPFC, the NAc and the DMS only on d 7 and/or d 15 but not on d 1. Moreover, runway training with milk failed to induce increased Arc protein in the VLS. Both heroin-seeking behavior and Arc protein expression were blocked by MK801 or SCH23390 administration. Conclusion: The VLS is likely to be critically involved in drug-seeking behavior. The NMDA and D1 receptor-dependent Arc expression is important in drug-seeking behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arc" title="arc">arc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesocorticolimbic%20system" title=" mesocorticolimbic system"> mesocorticolimbic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20rewarding%20behavior" title=" drug rewarding behavior"> drug rewarding behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMDA%20receptor" title=" NMDA receptor"> NMDA receptor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2262/differential-expression-of-arc-in-the-mesocorticolimbic-system-is-involved-in-drug-and-natural-rewarding-behavior-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Bioconversion of Antifungal Antibiotic Derived from Aspergillus Nidulans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Savitha%20Janakiraman">Savitha Janakiraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivakumar%20M.%20C"> Shivakumar M. C</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anidulafungin, an advanced class of antifungal agent used for the treatment of chronic fungal infections, is derived from Echinocandin B nucleus, an intermediate metabolite of Echinocandin B produced by Aspergillus nidulans. The enzyme acylase derived from the fermentation broth of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) plays a key role in the bioconversion of echinocandin B to echinocandin B nucleus. The membrane-bound nature of acylase and low levels of expression contributes to the rate-limiting process of enzymatic deacylation, hence low yields of ECB nucleus and anidulafungin. In the present study, this is addressed through novel genetic engineering approaches of overexpression and heterologous expression studies, immobilization of whole cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) and Co-cultivation studies. Overexpression of the acylase gene in Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) was done by increasing the gene copy number to increase the echinocandin B nucleus production. Echinocandin B acylase gene, under the control of a PermE* promoter, was cloned in pSET152 vector and introduced into Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL12052) by a ɸC31-directed site-specific recombination method. The resultant recombinant strain (C2-18) showed a 3-fold increase in acylase expression, which was confirmed by HPLC analysis. Pichia pastoris is one of the most effective and versatile host systems for the production of heterologous proteins. The ECB acylase gene was cloned into pPIC9K vector with AOX1 promoter and was transformed into Pichia pastoris (GS115). The acylase expression was confirmed by protein expression and bioconversion studies. The heterologous expression of acylase in Pichia pastoris, is a milestone in the development of antifungals. Actively growing cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) were immobilized and tested for bioconversion ability which showed >90% conversion in each cycle. The stability of immobilized cell beads retained the deacylation ability up to 60 days and reusability was confirmed up to 4 cycles. The significant findings from the study have revealed that immobilization of whole cells of Actinoplanes utahensis (NRRL 12052) could be an alternative option for bioconversion of echinocandin B to echinocandin B nucleus, which has not been reported to date. The concept of co-cultivation of Aspergillus nidulans and Actinoplanes utahensis strains for the production of the echinocandin B nucleus was also carried out in order to produce echinocandin B nucleus. The process completely reduced the ECB purification step and, therefore, could be recommended as an ingenious method to improve the yield of the ECB nucleus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acylase" title="acylase">acylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anidulafungin" title=" anidulafungin"> anidulafungin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungals" title=" antifungals"> antifungals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20nidulans" title=" Aspergillus nidulans"> Aspergillus nidulans</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154160/bioconversion-of-antifungal-antibiotic-derived-from-aspergillus-nidulans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Human Lens Metabolome: A Combined LC-MS and NMR Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vadim%20V.%20Yanshole">Vadim V. Yanshole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyudmila%20V.%20Yanshole"> Lyudmila V. Yanshole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20S.%20Kiryutin"> Alexey S. Kiryutin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timofey%20D.%20Verkhovod"> Timofey D. Verkhovod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20P.%20Tsentalovich"> Yuri P. Tsentalovich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cataract, or clouding of the eye lens, is the leading cause of vision impairment in the world. The lens tissue have very specific structure: It does not have vascular system, the lens proteins – crystallins – do not turnover throughout lifespan. The protection of lens proteins is provided by the metabolites which diffuse inside the lens from the aqueous humor or synthesized in the lens epithelial layer. Therefore, the study of changes in the metabolite composition of a cataractous lens as compared to a normal lens may elucidate the possible mechanisms of the cataract formation. Quantitative metabolomic profiles of normal and cataractous human lenses were obtained with the combined use of high-frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass-spectrometric detection (LC-MS) methods. The quantitative content of more than fifty metabolites has been determined in this work for normal aged and cataractous human lenses. The most abundant metabolites in the normal lens are myo-inositol, lactate, creatine, glutathione, glutamate, and glucose. For the majority of metabolites, their levels in the lens cortex and nucleus are similar, with the few exceptions including antioxidants and UV filters: The concentrations of glutathione, ascorbate and NAD in the lens nucleus decrease as compared to the cortex, while the levels of the secondary UV filters formed from primary UV filters in redox processes increase. That confirms that the lens core is metabolically inert, and the metabolic activity in the lens nucleus is mostly restricted by protection from the oxidative stress caused by UV irradiation, UV filter spontaneous decomposition, or other factors. It was found that the metabolomic composition of normal and age-matched cataractous human lenses differ significantly. The content of the most important metabolites – antioxidants, UV filters, and osmolytes – in the cataractous nucleus is at least ten fold lower than in the normal nucleus. One may suppose that the majority of these metabolites are synthesized in the lens epithelial layer, and that age-related cataractogenesis might originate from the dysfunction of the lens epithelial cells. Comprehensive quantitative metabolic profiles of the human eye lens have been acquired for the first time. The obtained data can be used for the analysis of changes in the lens chemical composition occurring with age and with the cataract development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cataract" title="cataract">cataract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR" title=" NMR"> NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LC-MS" title=" LC-MS"> LC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolome" title=" metabolome"> metabolome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25437/human-lens-metabolome-a-combined-lc-ms-and-nmr-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Breeding for Hygienic Behavior in Honey Bees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Eickermann">Michael Eickermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Junk"> Juergen Junk </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Western honey (Apis mellifera) is threatened by a number of parasites, especially the devastating Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is responsible for a high level of mortality over winter, e.g., in Europe and USA. While the use of synthetic pesticides or organic acids has been preferred so far to control this parasite, breeding strategies for less susceptible honey bees are in early stages. Hygienic behavior can be an important tool for controlling Varroa destructor. Worker bees with a high level of this behavior are able to detect infested brood in the cells under the wax lid during pupation and remove them out of the hive. The underlying processes of this behavior are only partly investigated, but it is for sure that hygienic behavior is heritable and therefore, can be integrated into commercial breeding lines. In a first step, breeding lines with a high level of phenotypic hygienic behavior have been identified by using a bioassay for accurate assessment of this trait in a long-term national breeding program in Luxembourg since 2015. Based on the artificial infestation of nucleus colonies with 150 phoretic Varroa destructor mites, the level of phenotypic hygienic behavior was detected by counting the number of mites in all stages, twelve days after infestation. A nucleus with a high level of hygienic behavior was overwintered and used for breeding activities in the following years. Artificial insemination was used to combine different breeding lines. Buckfast lines, as well as Carnica lines, were used. While Carnica lines offered only a low increase of hygienic behavior up to maximum 62.5%, Buckfast lines performed much better with mean levels of more than 87.5%. Some mating ends up with a level of 100%. But even with a level of 82.5% Varroa mites are not able to reproduce in the colony anymore. In a final step, a nucleus with a high level of hygienic behavior were build up to full colonies and located at two places in Luxembourg to build up a drone congregation area. Local beekeepers can bring their nucleus to this location for mating the queens with drones offering a high level of hygienic behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agiculture" title="agiculture">agiculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20insemination" title=" artificial insemination"> artificial insemination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20bee" title=" honey bee"> honey bee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=varroa%20destructor" title=" varroa destructor"> varroa destructor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110555/breeding-for-hygienic-behavior-in-honey-bees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Children of Quarantine: A Post COVID-19 Mental Health Dilemma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Abdul%20Majeed">Salman Abdul Majeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidur%20Solanki"> Vidur Solanki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruqiya%20Shama%20Tareen"> Ruqiya Shama Tareen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the way of living as we have known for all strata of society. While disease containment measures imposed by governmental agencies have been instrumental in controlling the spread of the virus, it has had profound collateral impacts on all populations. However, the disruption caused in the lives of one segment of population has been far more damaging than most others: the emotional wellbeing of our child and adolescent populations. This impact was even more pronounced in children who already suffered from neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders. In particular, school closures have not only led to profound social isolation, but also negative impacts on normal developmental opportunities and interruptions in mental health services obtained through school systems. It is too soon to understand the full impacts of quarantine, isolation, stress of social detachment and fear of pandemic, but we have started to see the devastating impact on C&A already. This review intends to shed light on the current understanding of psychiatric wellbeing of C&A during COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Literature search utilizing key words COVID-19 and children, quarantine and children, social isolation, Loneliness, pandemic stress and children, and mental health of children, disease containment measures was carried out. Over 200 articles were identified, out of which 81 articles were included in this review article. RESULTS: The disruption caused by COVID-19 in the lives of C&A is much more damaging and its impact is far reaching. The C&A ED visits for possible suicide attempts have jumped to 22.3% in 2020 and 39.1% during 2021. One study utilizing T1-weighted structural images, computed the thickness of cortical and subcortical structures including amygdala, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens. The Peri-COVID group showed reduced cortical and subcortical thickness and more advanced brain aging compared to pre pandemic studies. CONCLUSION: Mental health resources for C&A remain under funded, neglected, and inaccessible to population that needs it most. Children with ongoing mental health disorders were impacted worst, along with those with predisposed biopsychosocial risk factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19%20and%20children" title="COVID-19 and children">COVID-19 and children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quarantine%20and%20children" title=" quarantine and children"> quarantine and children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20isolation" title=" social isolation"> social isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loneliness" title=" Loneliness"> Loneliness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic%20stress%20and%20children" title=" pandemic stress and children"> pandemic stress and children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20containment%20measures" title=" disease containment measures"> disease containment measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health%20of%20children" title=" mental health of children"> mental health of children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165988/children-of-quarantine-a-post-covid-19-mental-health-dilemma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Limbic Involvement in Visual Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deborah%20Zelinsky">Deborah Zelinsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The retina filters millions of incoming signals into a smaller amount of exiting optic nerve fibers that travel to different portions of the brain. Most of the signals are for eyesight (called "image-forming" signals). However, there are other faster signals that travel "elsewhere" and are not directly involved with eyesight (called "non-image-forming" signals). This article centers on the neurons of the optic nerve connecting to parts of the limbic system. Eye care providers are currently looking at parvocellular and magnocellular processing pathways without realizing that those are part of an enormous "galaxy" of all the body systems. Lenses are modifying both non-image and image-forming pathways, taking A.M. Skeffington's seminal work one step further. Almost 100 years ago, he described the Where am I (orientation), Where is It (localization), and What is It (identification) pathways. Now, among others, there is a How am I (animation) and a Who am I (inclination, motivation, imagination) pathway. Classic eye testing considers pupils and often assesses posture and motion awareness, but classical prescriptions often overlook limbic involvement in visual processing. The limbic system is composed of the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and anterior nuclei of the thalamus. The optic nerve's limbic connections arise from the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) through the "retinohypothalamic tract" (RHT). There are two main hypothalamic nuclei with direct photic inputs. These are the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus. Other hypothalamic nuclei connected with retinal function, including mood regulation, appetite, and glucose regulation, are the supraoptic nucleus and the arcuate nucleus. The retino-hypothalamic tract is often overlooked when we prescribe eyeglasses. Each person is different, but the lenses we choose are influencing this fast processing, which affects each patient's aiming and focusing abilities. These signals arise from the ipRGC cells that were only discovered 20+ years ago and do not address the campana retinal interneurons that were only discovered 2 years ago. As eyecare providers, we are unknowingly altering such factors as lymph flow, glucose metabolism, appetite, and sleep cycles in our patients. It is important to know what we are prescribing as the visual processing evaluations expand past the 20/20 central eyesight. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromodulation" title="neuromodulation">neuromodulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20processing" title=" retinal processing"> retinal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinohypothalamic%20tract" title=" retinohypothalamic tract"> retinohypothalamic tract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limbic%20system" title=" limbic system"> limbic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20processing" title=" visual processing"> visual processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174552/limbic-involvement-in-visual-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Periodical System of Isotopes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andriy%20Magula">Andriy Magula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the help of a special algorithm being the principle of multilevel periodicity, the periodic change of properties at the nuclear level of chemical elements was discovered and the variant for the periodic system of isotopes was presented. The periodic change in the properties of isotopes, as well as the vertical symmetry of subgroups, was checked for consistency in accordance with the following ten types of experimental data: mass ratio of fission fragments; quadrupole moment values; magnetic moment; lifetime of radioactive isotopes; neutron scattering; thermal neutron radiative capture cross-sections (n, γ); α-particle yield cross-sections (n, α); isotope abundance on Earth, in the Solar system and other stellar systems; features of ore formation and stellar evolution. For all ten cases, the correspondences for the proposed periodic structure of the nucleus were obtained. The system was formed in the usual 2D table, similar to the periodic system of elements, and the mass series of isotopes was divided into 8 periods and 4 types of ‘nuclear’ orbitals: sn, dn, pn, fn. The origin of ‘magic’ numbers as a set of filled charge shells of the nucleus was explained. Due to the isotope system, the periodic structure is shown at a new level of the universe, and the prospects of its practical use are opened up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodic%20system" title="periodic system">periodic system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotope" title=" isotope"> isotope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=period" title=" period"> period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subgroup" title=" subgroup"> subgroup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%9Cnuclear%E2%80%9D%20orbital" title=" “nuclear” orbital"> “nuclear” orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20reaction" title=" nuclear reaction"> nuclear reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192564/periodical-system-of-isotopes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Applying the Crystal Model Approach on Light Nuclei for Calculating Radii and Density Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amar">A. Amar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new model, namely the crystal model, has been modified to calculate the radius and density distribution of light nuclei up to ⁸Be. The crystal model has been modified according to solid-state physics, which uses the analogy between nucleon distribution and atoms distribution in the crystal. The model has analytical analysis to calculate the radius where the density distribution of light nuclei has obtained from analogy of crystal lattice. The distribution of nucleons over crystal has been discussed in a general form. The equation that has been used to calculate binding energy was taken from the solid-state model of repulsive and attractive force. The numbers of the protons were taken to control repulsive force, where the atomic number was responsible for the attractive force. The parameter has been calculated from the crystal model was found to be proportional to the radius of the nucleus. The density distribution of light nuclei was taken as a summation of two clusters distribution as in ⁶Li=alpha+deuteron configuration. A test has been done on the data obtained for radius and density distribution using double folding for d+⁶,⁷Li with M3Y nucleon-nucleon interaction. Good agreement has been obtained for both the radius and density distribution of light nuclei. The model failed to calculate the radius of ⁹Be, so modifications should be done to overcome discrepancy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20physics" title="nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20lattice" title=" nuclear lattice"> nuclear lattice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=study%20nucleus%20as%20crystal" title=" study nucleus as crystal"> study nucleus as crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20nuclei%20till%20to%20%E2%81%B8Be" title=" light nuclei till to ⁸Be"> light nuclei till to ⁸Be</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142183/applying-the-crystal-model-approach-on-light-nuclei-for-calculating-radii-and-density-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Structural and Histochemical Alterations in the Development of the Stigma in Vibirnum tinus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aslihan%20Cetinbas%20Genc">Aslihan Cetinbas Genc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meral%20%20Unal"> Meral Unal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the structural and cytochemical alterations of stigma at the stages of pre-anthesis, anthesis and post-anthesis in Vibirnum tinus. Capitate stigma continues with a closed style. The receptive surface of stigma is composed of unicellular papillae which are short and flattened at pre-anthesis stage. The papillae in this stage have dense cytoplasm with small vacuoles and a centrally located nucleus. With the start of anthesis, the stigma widens, papillae lengthen and become cylindrical. At anthesis stage, vacuoles enlarge, and nucleus moves to the base of the cell. At post-anthesis stage, the boundaries of the papillae become less noticeable. As proved by Periodic Acid Schiff procedure, the cytoplasm of papillae is rich in insoluble polysaccharides at all stages of development but it becomes remarkable at post-anthesis, particularly at the sub-papillar area. Although there is no significant difference in the content of protein in all stages of the development, it is more abundant at post-anthesis stage, as in Coomassie Brillant Blue stained sections. The surface of papillae is covered by a cuticle which becomes thicker at post-anthesis, and it gives positive reaction with Sudan Black B and Auramine O. The cuticle is covered by a pellicle stained by Coomassie Brillant Blue, indicating dry type of stigma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=develeopmental%20features" title="develeopmental features">develeopmental features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histochemistry" title=" histochemistry"> histochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stigma" title=" stigma"> stigma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vibirnum%20tinus" title=" Vibirnum tinus"> Vibirnum tinus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60055/structural-and-histochemical-alterations-in-the-development-of-the-stigma-in-vibirnum-tinus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Levels of Family Empowerment and Parenting Skills of Parents with Children with Developmental Disabilities Who Are Users of Early Intervention Services</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bagur">S. Bagur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Verger"> S. Verger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Mut"> B. Mut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early childhood intervention (ECI) is understood as the set of interventions aimed at the child population with developmental disorders or disabilities from 0 to 6 years of age, the family, and the environment. Under the principles of family-centred practices, the members of the family nucleus are direct agents of intervention. Thus, the multidisciplinary team of professionals should work to improve family empowerment and the level of parenting skills. The aim of the present study is to analyse descriptively and differentially the level of parenting skills and family empowerment of parents using ECI services during the foster care phase. There were 135 families participating in the study. Three questionnaires were completed. The results show that the employment situation, the age of the child receiving an intervention, and the number of children in the family nucleus or the professional carrying out the intervention are variables that have a differential impact on different items of empowerment and parenting skills. The results are discussed and future lines of research are proposed, with the understanding that the initial analysis of the variables of empowerment and parenting skills may be predictors for the improvement of child development and family well-being. In addition, it is proposed to identify and analyse professional training in order to be able to adapt early care practices without depending on the discipline of the professional of reference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20disabilities" title="developmental disabilities">developmental disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20childhood%20intervention" title=" early childhood intervention"> early childhood intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20empowerment" title=" family empowerment"> family empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parenting%20skills" title=" parenting skills"> parenting skills</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145417/levels-of-family-empowerment-and-parenting-skills-of-parents-with-children-with-developmental-disabilities-who-are-users-of-early-intervention-services" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Hypothalamic Para-Ventricular and Supra-Optic Nucleus Histo-Morphological Alterations in the Streptozotocin-Diabetic Gerbils (Gerbillus Gerbillus)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumia%20Hammadi">Soumia Hammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imane%20Nouacer"> Imane Nouacer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamine%20Hamida"> Lamine Hamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younes%20A.%20Hammadi"> Younes A. Hammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Chaibi"> Rachid Chaibi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims and objective: In the present work, we investigate the impact of both acute and chronic diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin (STZ) on the hypothalamus of the small gerbil (Gerbillus gerbillus). In this purpose, we aimed to study the histologic structure of the gerbil’s hypothalamic supraoptic (NSO) and paraventricular nucleus (NPV) at two distinct time points: two days and 30 days after diabetes onset. Methods: We conducted our investigation using 19 adult male gerbils weighing 25 to 28 g, divided into three groups as follow: Group I: Control gerbils (n=6) received an intraperitoneal injection of citrate buffer. Group II: STZ-diabetic gerbils (n=8) received a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 165 mg/kg of body weight. Diabetes onset (D0) is considered with the first hyperglycemia level exceeding 2,5 g/L. This group was further divided into two subgroups: Group II-1: Experimental Gerbils, at acute state of diabetes (n=8) sacrificed after 02 days of diabetes onset, Group II-2: Experimental Gerbils at chronic state of diabetes (n=7) sacrificed after 30 days of diabetes onset. Two and 30 days after diabetes onset, gerbils had blood drawn from the retro-orbital sinus into EDTA tubes. After centrifugation at -4°C, plasma was frozen at -80°C for later measurement of Cortisol, ACTH, and insulin. Afterward, animals were decapitated; their brain was removed, weighed, fixed in aqueous bouin, and processed and stained with Toluidine Bleu stain for histo-stereological analysis. A comparison was done with control gerbils treated with citrate buffer. Results: Compared to control gerbils, at 02 Days post diabetes onset, the neuronal somata of the paraventricular (NPV) and supraoptic nuclei (NSO) expressed numerous vacuoles of various sizes, we distinct also a neuronal juxtaposition and several unidentifiable vacuolated profiles were also seen in the neuropile. At the same time, we revealed the presence of à shrunken and condensed nuclei, which seem to touch the parvocellular neurons ( NPV); this leads us to suggest the presence of an apoptotic process in the early stage of diabetes. At 30 days of diabetes mellitus, the NPV manifests a few neurons with a distant appearance, in addition the magnocellular neurons in both NPV and NSO were hypertrophied with a rich euchromatin nucleus, a well-defined nucleolus, and a granular cytoplasm. Despite the neuronal degeneration at this stage, unexpectedly, ACTH registers a continuous significant high level compared to the early stage of diabetes mellitus and to control gerbils. Conclusion: The results suggest that the induction of diabetes mellitus using STZ in the small gerbils lead to alterations in the structure and morphology of the hypothalamus and hyper-secretion of ACTH and cortisol, possibly indicating hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) during both the early and later stages of the disease. The subsequent quantitative evaluation of CRH, immunehistochemical evaluation of apoptosis, and oxidative stress assessment could corroborate our results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes%20type%201." title="diabetes type 1.">diabetes type 1.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streptozotocin." title=" streptozotocin."> streptozotocin.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20gerbil." title=" small gerbil."> small gerbil.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypothalamus." title=" hypothalamus."> hypothalamus.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paraventricular%20nucleus." title=" paraventricular nucleus."> paraventricular nucleus.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supraoptic%20nucleus." title=" supraoptic nucleus."> supraoptic nucleus.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172736/hypothalamic-para-ventricular-and-supra-optic-nucleus-histo-morphological-alterations-in-the-streptozotocin-diabetic-gerbils-gerbillus-gerbillus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Synthesis of Deformed Nuclei 260Rf, 261Rf and 262Rf in the Decay of 266Rf*Formed via Different Fusion Reactions: Entrance Channel Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niyti">Niyti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Deep"> Aman Deep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Kharab"> Rajesh Kharab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahila%20Chopra"> Sahila Chopra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raj.%20K.%20Gupta"> Raj. K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Relatively long-lived transactinide elements (i.e., elements with atomic number Z≥104) up to Z = 108 have been produced in nuclear reactions between low Z projectiles (C to Al) and actinide targets. Cross sections have been observed to decrease steeply with increasing Z. Recently, production cross sections of several picobarns have been reported for comparatively neutron-rich nuclides of 112 through 118 produced via hot fusion reactions with 48Ca and actinide targets. Some of those heavy nuclides are reported to have lifetimes on the order of seconds or longer. The relatively high cross sections in these hot fusion reactions are not fully understood and this has renewed interest in systematic studies of heavy-ion reactions with actinide targets. The main aim of this work is to understand the dynamics hot fusion reactions 18O+ 248Cm and 22Ne+244Pu (carried out at RIKEN and TASCA respectively) using the collective clusterization technique, carried out by undertaking the decay of the compound nucleus 266Rf∗ into 4n, 5n and 6n neutron evaporation channels. Here we extend our earlier study of the excitation functions (EFs) of 266Rf∗, formed in fusion reaction 18O+248Cm, based on Dynamical Cluster-decay Model (DCM) using the pocket formula for nuclear proximity potential, to the use of other nuclear interaction potentials derived from Skyrme energy density formalism (SEDF) based on semiclassical extended Thomas Fermi (ETF) approach and also study entrance channel effects by considering the synthesis of 266Rf* in 22Ne+244Pu reaction. The Skyrme forces used are the old force SIII, and new forces GSkI and KDE0(v1). Here, the EFs for the production of 260Rf, 261Rf and 262Rf isotope via 6n, 5n and 4n decay channel from the 266Rf∗ compound nucleus are studied at Elab = 88.2 to 125 MeV, including quadrupole deformations β2i and ‘hot-optimum’ orientations θi. The calculations are made within the DCM where the neck-length ∆R is the only parameter representing the relative separation distance between two fragments and/or clusters Ai which assimilates the neck formation effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrance%20channel%20effects" title="entrance channel effects">entrance channel effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusion%20reactions" title=" fusion reactions"> fusion reactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skyrme%20force" title=" skyrme force"> skyrme force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superheavy%20nucleus" title=" superheavy nucleus"> superheavy nucleus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41837/synthesis-of-deformed-nuclei-260rf-261rf-and-262rf-in-the-decay-of-266rfformed-via-different-fusion-reactions-entrance-channel-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Microwave Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Azetidinone Analogous Bearing Diphenyl Ether Nucleus as a Potent Antimycobacterial and Antiprotozoal Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vatsal%20M.%20Patel">Vatsal M. Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navin%20B.%20Patel"> Navin B. Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present studies deal with the developing a series bearing a diphenyl ethers nucleus using structure-based drug design concept. A newer series of diphenyl ether based azetidinone namely N-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-(3-phenoxyphenyl)azetidin-1-yl)-2-(substituted amino)acetamide (2a-j) have been synthesized by condensation of m-phenoxybenzaldehyde with 2-(substituted-phenylamino)acetohydrazide followed by the cyclisation of resulting Schiff base (1a-j) by conventional method as well as microwave heating approach as a part of an environmentally benign synthetic protocol. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral analysis and were screened for in vitro antimicrobial, antitubercular and antiprotozoal activity. The compound 2f was found to be most active M. tuberculosis (6.25 µM) MIC value in the primary screening as well as this same derivative has been found potency against L. mexicana and T. cruzi with MIC value 2.09 and 6.69 µM comparable to the reference drug Miltefosina and Nifurtimox. To provide understandable evidence to predict binding mode and approximate binding energy of a compound to a target in the terms of ligand-protein interaction, all synthesized compounds were docked against an enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase of M. tuberculosis (PDB ID: 4u0j). The computational studies revealed that azetidinone derivatives have a high affinity for the active site of enzyme which provides a strong platform for new structure-based design efforts. The Lipinski’s parameters showed good drug-like properties and can be developed as an oral drug candidate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimycobacterial" title="antimycobacterial">antimycobacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiprotozoal" title=" antiprotozoal"> antiprotozoal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=azetidinone" title=" azetidinone"> azetidinone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diphenylether" title=" diphenylether"> diphenylether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=docking" title=" docking"> docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92985/microwave-synthesis-and-molecular-docking-studies-of-azetidinone-analogous-bearing-diphenyl-ether-nucleus-as-a-potent-antimycobacterial-and-antiprotozoal-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> The Healing 'Touch' of Music: A Neuro-Acoustics Approach to Understand Its Therapeutic Effect </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagmeet%20S.%20Kanwal">Jagmeet S. Kanwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20F.%20Langley"> Julia F. Langley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music can heal the body, but a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon is lacking. This study explores the effects of music presentation on neurologic and physiologic responses leading to metabolic changes in the human body. The mind and body co-exist in a corporeal entity and within this framework, sickness ensues when the mind-body balance goes awry. It is further hypothesized that music has the capacity to directly reset this balance. Two lines of inquiry taken together can provide a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon 1) Empirical evidence for a sound-sensitive pressure sensor system in the body, and 2) The notion of a “healing center” within the brain that is activated by specific patterns of sounds. From an acoustics perspective, music is spatially distributed as pressure waves ranging from a few cm to several meters in wavelength. These waves interact and propagate in three-dimensions in unique ways, depending on the wavelength. Furthermore, music creates dynamically changing wave-fronts. Frequencies between 200 Hz and 1 kHz generate wavelengths that range from 5'6" to 1 foot. These dimensions are in the range of the body size of most people making it plausible that these pressure waves can geometrically interact with the body surface and create distinct patterns of pressure stimulation across the skin surface. For humans, short wavelength, high frequency (> 200 Hz) sounds are best received via cochlear receptors. For low frequency (< 200 Hz), long wavelength sound vibrations, however, the whole body may act as an ideal receiver. A vast array of highly sensitive pressure receptors (Pacinian corpuscles) is present just beneath the skin surface, as well as in the tendons, bones, several organs in the abdomen, and the sexual organs. Per the available empirical evidence, these receptors contribute to music perception by allowing the whole body to function as a sound receiver, and knowledge of how they function is essential to fully understanding the therapeutic effect of music. Neuroscientific studies have established that music stimulates the limbic system that can trigger states of anxiety, arousal, fear, and other emotions. These emotional states of brain activity play a crucial role in filtering top-down feedback from thoughts and bottom-up sensory inputs to the autonomic system, which automatically regulates bodily functions. Music likely exerts its pleasurable and healing effects by enhancing functional and effective connectivity and feedback mechanisms between brain regions that mediate reward, autonomic, and cognitive processing. Stimulation of pressure receptors under the skin by low-frequency music-induced sensations can activate multiple centers in the brain, including the amygdala, the cingulate cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Melodies in music in the low (< 600 Hz) frequency range may augment auditory inputs after convergence of the pressure-sensitive inputs from the vagus nerve onto emotive processing regions within the limbic system. The integration of music-generated auditory and somato-visceral inputs may lead to a synergistic input to the brain that promotes healing. Thus, music can literally heal humans through “touch” as it energizes the brain’s autonomic system for restoring homeostasis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustics" title="acoustics">acoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title=" brain"> brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20healing" title=" music healing"> music healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20receptors" title=" pressure receptors"> pressure receptors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132664/the-healing-touch-of-music-a-neuro-acoustics-approach-to-understand-its-therapeutic-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Special Features Of Phacoemulsification Technique For Dense Cataracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilkin%20A.G.">Shilkin A.G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goncharov%20D.V."> Goncharov D.V.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rotanov%20D.A."> Rotanov D.A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Voitecha%20M.A."> Voitecha M.A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kulyagina%20Y.I."> Kulyagina Y.I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mochalova%20U.E."> Mochalova U.E.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Context: Phacoemulsification is a surgical technique used to remove cataracts, but it has a higher number of complications when dense cataracts are present. The risk factors include thin posterior capsule, dense nucleus fragments, and prolonged exposure to high-power ultrasound. To minimize these complications, various methods are used. Research aim: The aim of this study is to develop and implement optimal methods of ultrasound phacoemulsification for dense cataracts in order to minimize postoperative complications. Methodology: The study involved 36 eyes of dogs with dense cataracts over a period of 5 years. The surgeries were performed using a LEICA 844 surgical microscope and an Oertli Faros phacoemulsifier. The surgical techniques included the optimal technique for breaking the nucleus, bimanual surgery, and the use of Akahoshi prechoppers. Findings: The complications observed during the surgery included rupture of the posterior capsule and the need for anterior vitrectomy. Complications in the postoperative period included corneal edema and uveitis. Theoretical importance: This study contributes to the field by providing insights into the special features of phacoemulsification for dense cataracts. It highlights the importance of using specific techniques and settings to minimize complications. Data collection and analysis procedures: The data for the study were collected from surgeries performed on dogs with dense cataracts. The complications were documented and analyzed. Question addressed: The study addressed the question of how to minimize complications during phacoemulsification surgery for dense cataracts. Conclusion: By following the optimal techniques, settings, and using prechoppers, the surgery for dense cataracts can be made safer and faster, minimizing the risks and complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dense%20cataracts" title="dense cataracts">dense cataracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phacoemulsification" title=" phacoemulsification"> phacoemulsification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phacoemulsification%20of%20cataracts%20in%20elderly%20dogs" title=" phacoemulsification of cataracts in elderly dogs"> phacoemulsification of cataracts in elderly dogs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title=" осложнения факоэмульсификации"> осложнения факоэмульсификации</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181897/special-features-of-phacoemulsification-technique-for-dense-cataracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181897.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Effect of Oxytocin on Cytosolic Calcium Concentration of Alpha and Beta Cells in Pancreas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rauza%20Sukma%20Rita">Rauza Sukma Rita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katsuya%20Dezaki"> Katsuya Dezaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuko%20Maejima"> Yuko Maejima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshihiko%20Yada"> Toshihiko Yada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxytocin is a nine-amino acid peptide synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus. Oxytocin promotes contraction of the uterus during birth and milk ejection during breast feeding. Although oxytocin receptors are found predominantly in the breasts and uterus of females, many tissues and organs express oxytocin receptors, including the pituitary, heart, kidney, thymus, vascular endothelium, adipocytes, osteoblasts, adrenal gland, pancreatic islets, and many cell lines. On the other hand, in pancreatic islets, oxytocin receptors are expressed in both α-cells and β-cells with stronger expression in α- cells. However, to our knowledge there are no reports yet about the effect of oxytocin on cytosolic calcium reaction on α and β-cell. This study aims to investigate the effect of oxytocin on α-cells and β-cells and its oscillation pattern. Islet of Langerhans from wild type mice were isolated by collagenase digestion. Isolated and dissociated single cells either α-cells or β-cells on coverslips were mounted in an open chamber and superfused in HKRB. Cytosolic concentration ([Ca2+]i) in single cells were measured by fura-2 microfluorimetry. After measurement of [Ca2+]i, α-cells were identified by subsequent immunocytochemical staining using an anti-glucagon antiserum. In β-cells, the [Ca2+]i increase in response to oxytocin was observed only under 8.3 mM glucose condition, whereas in α-cells, [Ca2+]i an increase induced by oxytocin was observed in both 2.8 mM and 8.3 mM glucose. The oscillation incidence was induced more frequently in β-cells compared to α-cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that oxytocin directly interacts with both α-cells and β-cells and induces increase of [Ca2+]i and its specific patterns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-cells" title="α-cells">α-cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-cells" title=" β-cells"> β-cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytosolic%20calcium%20concentration" title=" cytosolic calcium concentration"> cytosolic calcium concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillation" title=" oscillation"> oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxytocin" title=" oxytocin"> oxytocin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58454/effect-of-oxytocin-on-cytosolic-calcium-concentration-of-alpha-and-beta-cells-in-pancreas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Action Potential of Lateral Geniculate Neurons at Low Threshold Currents: Simulation Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faris%20Tarlochan">Faris Tarlochan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siva%20Mahesh%20Tangutooru"> Siva Mahesh Tangutooru </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) is the relay center in the visual pathway as it receives most of the input information from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and sends to visual cortex. Low threshold calcium currents (IT) at the membrane are the unique indicator to characterize this firing functionality of the LGN neurons gained by the RGC input. According to the LGN functional requirements such as functional mapping of RGC to LGN, the morphologies of the LGN neurons were developed. During the neurological disorders like glaucoma, the mapping between RGC and LGN is disconnected and hence stimulating LGN electrically using deep brain electrodes can restore the functionalities of LGN. A computational model was developed for simulating the LGN neurons with three predominant morphologies, each representing different functional mapping of RGC to LGN. The firings of action potentials at LGN neuron due to IT were characterized by varying the stimulation parameters, morphological parameters and orientation. A wide range of stimulation parameters (stimulus amplitude, duration and frequency) represents the various strengths of the electrical stimulation with different morphological parameters (soma size, dendrites size and structure). The orientation (0-1800) of LGN neuron with respect to the stimulating electrode represents the angle at which the extracellular deep brain stimulation towards LGN neuron is performed. A reduced dendrite structure was used in the model using Bush–Sejnowski algorithm to decrease the computational time while conserving its input resistance and total surface area. The major finding is that an input potential of 0.4 V is required to produce the action potential in the LGN neuron which is placed at 100 µm distance from the electrode. From this study, it can be concluded that the neuroprostheses under design would need to consider the capability of inducing at least 0.4V to produce action potentials in LGN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lateral%20Geniculate%20Nucleus" title="Lateral Geniculate Nucleus">Lateral Geniculate Nucleus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20cortex" title=" visual cortex"> visual cortex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glaucoma" title=" glaucoma"> glaucoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroprostheses" title=" neuroprostheses"> neuroprostheses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38655/action-potential-of-lateral-geniculate-neurons-at-low-threshold-currents-simulation-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> 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