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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diagnosis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Differential_diagnosis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differential_diagnosis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Differential diagnosis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differential_diagnosis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sinus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Sinus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Inappropriate sinus tachycardia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ventricular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ventricular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Ventricular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ventricular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supraventricular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supraventricular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Supraventricular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supraventricular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atrial_fibrillation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atrial_fibrillation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3.1</span> <span>Atrial fibrillation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atrial_fibrillation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3.2</span> <span>AV nodal reentrant tachycardia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AV_reentrant_tachycardia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AV_reentrant_tachycardia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3.3</span> <span>AV reentrant tachycardia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AV_reentrant_tachycardia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Junctional_tachycardia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Junctional_tachycardia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3.4</span> <span>Junctional tachycardia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Junctional_tachycardia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Management-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Management subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unstable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unstable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Unstable</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unstable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stable" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stable"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Stable</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stable-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tachycardia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8" title="تسرع القلب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسرع القلب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxikardiya" title="Taxikardiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Taxikardiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تاچیکاردییا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاچیکاردییا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Тахікардыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тахікардыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тахикардия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тахикардия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahikardija" title="Tahikardija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tahikardija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taquic%C3%A0rdia" title="Taquicàrdia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taquicàrdia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachykardie" title="Tachykardie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tachykardie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachykardie" title="Tachykardie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tachykardie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahh%C3%BCkardia" title="Tahhükardia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tahhükardia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%87%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ταχυκαρδία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταχυκαρδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taquicardia" title="Taquicardia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taquicardia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takikardio" title="Takikardio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Takikardio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takikardia" title="Takikardia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Takikardia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="تاکی‌کاردی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاکی‌کاردی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardie" title="Tachycardie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tachycardie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taic%C3%A9acairde" title="Taicéacairde – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taicéacairde" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taquicardia" title="Taquicardia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Taquicardia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%A0%EB%A5%B8%EB%A7%A5" title="빠른맥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빠른맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tachycardia" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հաճախասրտություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաճախասրտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahikardija" title="Tahikardija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tahikardija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takikardia" title="Takikardia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Takikardia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachicardia" title="Tachicardia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tachicardia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="טכיקרדיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טכיקרדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тахикардия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тахикардия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тахикардия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тахикардия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tachycardia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahikardija" title="Tahikardija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tahikardija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tachycardia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тахикардија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тахикардија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ടാക്കികാർഡിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടാക്കികാർഡിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takikardia" title="Takikardia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Takikardia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardie" title="Tachycardie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tachycardie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E8%84%88" title="頻脈 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="頻脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takykardi" title="Takykardi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Takykardi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF" title="ଦୃତ ହୃଦ୍‌ଗତି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଦୃତ ହୃଦ୍‌ଗତି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxikardiya" title="Taxikardiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Taxikardiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachykardia" title="Tachykardia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tachykardia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taquicardia" title="Taquicardia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taquicardia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahicardie" title="Tahicardie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tahicardie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тахикардия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тахикардия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachycardia" title="Tachycardia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tachycardia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachykardia" title="Tachykardia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tachykardia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تاکیکاردیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تاکیکاردیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тахикардија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тахикардија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahikardija" title="Tahikardija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tahikardija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takykardia" title="Takykardia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Takykardia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takykardi" title="Takykardi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Takykardi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="இதயத் துடிப்பு மிகைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இதயத் துடிப்பு மிகைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тахикардия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тахикардия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A7" title="หัวใจเต้นเร็ว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หัวใจเต้นเร็ว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fikardi" title="Taşikardi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taşikardi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тахікардія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тахікардія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflex_tachycardia&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflex tachycardia">Reflex tachycardia</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Heart rate exceeding normal resting rate</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Tachycardia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Tachyarrhythmia</td></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tachycardia_ECG_paper.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tachycardia_ECG_paper.svg/220px-Tachycardia_ECG_paper.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tachycardia_ECG_paper.svg/330px-Tachycardia_ECG_paper.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Tachycardia_ECG_paper.svg/440px-Tachycardia_ECG_paper.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="391" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">ECG showing <a href="/wiki/Sinus_tachycardia" title="Sinus tachycardia">sinus tachycardia</a> with a rate of about 100 beats per minute</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Tachycardia <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, tachyarrhythmia <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ð/: 'th' in 'this'">ð</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Differential_diagnosis" title="Differential diagnosis">Differential diagnosis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palpitations" title="Palpitations">Palpitations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia" title="Ventricular tachycardia">Ventricular tachycardia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia" title="Supraventricular tachycardia">Supraventricular tachycardia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paroxysmal_tachycardia" title="Paroxysmal tachycardia">Paroxysmal tachycardia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Junctional_ectopic_tachycardia" title="Junctional ectopic tachycardia">Junctional ectopic tachycardia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_tachycardia" title="Sinus tachycardia">Sinus tachycardia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_tachycardia" title="Atrial tachycardia">Atrial tachycardia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia" title="AV nodal reentrant tachycardia">AV nodal reentrant tachycardia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tachycardia</b>, also called <b>tachyarrhythmia</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a> that exceeds the <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate#Resting_heart_rate" title="Heart rate">normal resting rate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ware2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ware2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, a resting heart rate over 100 <a href="/wiki/Pulse" title="Pulse">beats</a> per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults.<sup id="cite_ref-Ware2006_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ware2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercise</a>) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Complications">Complications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Complications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tachycardia can lead to <a href="/wiki/Fainting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fainting">fainting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the rate of blood flow becomes too rapid, or fast blood flow passes on damaged <a href="/wiki/Endothelium" title="Endothelium">endothelium</a>, it increases the friction within vessels resulting in turbulence and other disturbances.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Virchow%27s_triad" title="Virchow's triad">Virchow's triad</a>, this is one of the three conditions (along with <a href="/wiki/Hypercoagulability" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypercoagulability">hypercoagulability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Endothelial_dysfunction" title="Endothelial dysfunction">endothelial injury/dysfunction</a>) that can lead to <a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">thrombosis</a> (i.e., blood clots within vessels).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some causes of tachycardia include:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_storm" title="Adrenergic storm">Adrenergic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaemia">Anaemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation" title="Atrial fibrillation">Atrial fibrillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_flutter" title="Atrial flutter">Atrial flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_tachycardia" title="Atrial tachycardia">Atrial tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_reentrant_tachycardia" title="Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia">Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia" title="AV nodal reentrant tachycardia">AV nodal reentrant tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brugada_syndrome" title="Brugada syndrome">Brugada syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circulatory_shock" class="mw-redirect" title="Circulatory shock">Circulatory shock</a> and its various causes (<a href="/wiki/Obstructive_shock" title="Obstructive shock">obstructive shock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiogenic_shock" title="Cardiogenic shock">cardiogenic shock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hypovolemic_shock" title="Hypovolemic shock">hypovolemic shock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Distributive_shock" title="Distributive shock">distributive shock</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">Dehydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysautonomia" title="Dysautonomia">Dysautonomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglycemia" title="Hypoglycemia">Hypoglycemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypovolemia" title="Hypovolemia">Hypovolemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperventilation" title="Hyperventilation">Hyperventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia" title="Inappropriate sinus tachycardia">Inappropriate sinus tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junctional_tachycardia" title="Junctional tachycardia">Junctional tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_myopathy" title="Metabolic myopathy">Metabolic myopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifocal_atrial_tachycardia" title="Multifocal atrial tachycardia">Multifocal atrial tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacemaker">Pacemaker</a> mediated</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">Pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panic_attack" title="Panic attack">Panic attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheochromocytoma" title="Pheochromocytoma">Pheochromocytoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_tachycardia" title="Sinus tachycardia">Sinus tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" title="Sleep deprivation">Sleep deprivation</a><sup id="cite_ref-sleeptachy_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sleeptachy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia" title="Supraventricular tachycardia">Supraventricular tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia" title="Ventricular tachycardia">Ventricular tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolff%E2%80%93Parkinson%E2%80%93White_syndrome" title="Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome">Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome</a></li></ul> <p>Drug related: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">Alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a>) intoxication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">Stimulants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_withdrawal" title="Drug withdrawal">Drug withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant" title="Tricyclic antidepressant">Tricyclic antidepressants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefopam" title="Nefopam">Nefopam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a> (rare)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The upper threshold of a normal human resting heart rate is based on age. Cutoff values for tachycardia in different age groups are fairly well standardized; typical cutoffs are listed below:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1–2 days: Tachycardia >159 beats per minute (bpm)</li> <li>3–6 days: Tachycardia >166 bpm</li> <li>1–3 weeks: Tachycardia >182 bpm</li> <li>1–2 months: Tachycardia >179 bpm</li> <li>3–5 months: Tachycardia >186 bpm</li> <li>6–11 months: Tachycardia >169 bpm</li> <li>1–2 years: Tachycardia >151 bpm</li> <li>3–4 years: Tachycardia >137 bpm</li> <li>5–7 years: Tachycardia >133 bpm</li> <li>8–11 years: Tachycardia >130 bpm</li> <li>12–15 years: Tachycardia >119 bpm</li> <li>>15 years – adult: Tachycardia >100 bpm</li></ul> <p>Heart rate is considered in the context of the prevailing clinical picture. When the heart beats excessively or rapidly, the heart pumps less efficiently and provides less blood flow to the rest of the body, including the heart itself. The increased heart rate also leads to increased work and oxygen demand by the heart, which can lead to rate related <a href="/wiki/Ischemia" title="Ischemia">ischemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harrisons_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harrisons-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differential_diagnosis">Differential diagnosis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Differential diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electrocardiogram_of_Ventricular_Tachycardia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Electrocardiogram_of_Ventricular_Tachycardia.png/220px-Electrocardiogram_of_Ventricular_Tachycardia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Electrocardiogram_of_Ventricular_Tachycardia.png/330px-Electrocardiogram_of_Ventricular_Tachycardia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Electrocardiogram_of_Ventricular_Tachycardia.png/440px-Electrocardiogram_of_Ventricular_Tachycardia.png 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>12 lead <a href="/wiki/Electrocardiogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrocardiogram">electrocardiogram</a> showing a <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia" title="Ventricular tachycardia">ventricular tachycardia</a> (VT)</figcaption></figure> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Electrocardiogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrocardiogram">electrocardiogram</a> (ECG) is used to classify the type of tachycardia. They may be classified into narrow and wide complex based on the <a href="/wiki/QRS_complex" title="QRS complex">QRS complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equal or less than 0.1s for narrow complex.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presented in order of most to least common, they are:<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS2010_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Narrow complex <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_tachycardia" title="Sinus tachycardia">Sinus tachycardia</a>, which originates from the <a href="/wiki/Sino-atrial_node" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-atrial node">sino-atrial (SA) node</a>, near the base of the <a href="/wiki/Superior_vena_cava" title="Superior vena cava">superior vena cava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation" title="Atrial fibrillation">Atrial fibrillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_flutter" title="Atrial flutter">Atrial flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia" title="AV nodal reentrant tachycardia">AV nodal reentrant tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolff-Parkinson-White_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome">Accessory pathway mediated tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_tachycardia" title="Atrial tachycardia">Atrial tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifocal_atrial_tachycardia" title="Multifocal atrial tachycardia">Multifocal atrial tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_Tamponade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac Tamponade">Cardiac Tamponade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junctional_tachycardia" title="Junctional tachycardia">Junctional tachycardia</a> (rare in adults)</li></ul></li> <li>Wide complex <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia" title="Ventricular tachycardia">Ventricular tachycardia</a>, any tachycardia that originates in the <a href="/wiki/Ventricle_(heart)" title="Ventricle (heart)">ventricles</a></li> <li>Any narrow complex tachycardia combined with a problem with the <a href="/wiki/Bundle_branch_block" title="Bundle branch block">conduction system</a> of the heart, often termed "supraventricular tachycardia with <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_aberrancy" title="Cardiac aberrancy">aberrancy</a>"</li> <li>A narrow complex tachycardia with an accessory conduction pathway, often termed "supraventricular tachycardia with pre-excitation" (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Wolff%E2%80%93Parkinson%E2%80%93White_syndrome" title="Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome">Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome</a>)</li> <li>Pacemaker-tracked or pacemaker-mediated tachycardia</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Tachycardias may be classified as either narrow complex tachycardias (supraventricular tachycardias) or wide complex tachycardias. Narrow and wide refer to the width of the <a href="/wiki/QRS_complex" title="QRS complex">QRS complex</a> on the <a href="/wiki/ECG" class="mw-redirect" title="ECG">ECG</a>. Narrow complex tachycardias tend to originate in the atria, while wide complex tachycardias tend to originate in the ventricles. Tachycardias can be further classified as either regular or irregular.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sinus">Sinus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sinus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sinus_tachycardia" title="Sinus tachycardia">Sinus tachycardia</a></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Reflex_tachycardia"></span> </p><p>The body has several <a href="/wiki/Feedback_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedback mechanism">feedback mechanisms</a> to maintain adequate blood flow and <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>. If blood pressure decreases, the heart beats faster in an attempt to raise it. This is called <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflex</a> tachycardia. This can happen in response to a decrease in blood volume (through <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bleeding" title="Bleeding">bleeding</a>), or an unexpected change in <a href="/wiki/Blood_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood flow">blood flow</a>. The most common cause of the latter is <a href="/wiki/Orthostatic_hypotension" title="Orthostatic hypotension">orthostatic hypotension</a> (also called <a href="/wiki/Postural_hypotension" class="mw-redirect" title="Postural hypotension">postural hypotension</a>). <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">Fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperventilation" title="Hyperventilation">hyperventilation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a> and severe <a href="/wiki/Infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Infections">infections</a> can also cause tachycardia, primarily due to increase in <a href="/wiki/Metabolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolic">metabolic</a> demands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Upon exertion, <a href="/wiki/Sinus_tachycardia" title="Sinus tachycardia">sinus tachycardia</a> can also be seen in some <a href="/wiki/Inborn_errors_of_metabolism" title="Inborn errors of metabolism">inborn errors of metabolism</a> that result in <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_myopathy" title="Metabolic myopathy">metabolic myopathies</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Glycogen_storage_disease_type_V" title="Glycogen storage disease type V">McArdle's disease (GSD-V)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucia_2021_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucia_2021-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scalco_2014_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scalco_2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metabolic myopathies interfere with the muscle's ability to create energy. This energy shortage in muscle cells causes an inappropriate rapid heart rate in response to exercise. The heart tries to compensate for the energy shortage by increasing heart rate to maximize delivery of oxygen and other blood borne fuels to the muscle cells.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucia_2021_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucia_2021-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"In McArdle's, our heart rate tends to increase in what is called an 'inappropriate' response. That is, after the start of exercise it increases much more quickly than would be expected in someone unaffected by McArdle's."<sup id="cite_ref-Wakelin_2017_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakelin_2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As skeletal muscle relies predominantly on <a href="/wiki/Glycogenolysis" title="Glycogenolysis">glycogenolysis</a> for the first few minutes as it transitions from rest to activity, as well as throughout high-intensity aerobic activity and all anaerobic activity, individuals with GSD-V experience during exercise: sinus tachycardia, <a href="/wiki/Tachypnea" title="Tachypnea">tachypnea</a>, muscle fatigue and pain, during the aforementioned activities and time frames.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucia_2021_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucia_2021-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scalco_2014_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scalco_2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those with GSD-V also experience "<a href="/wiki/Second_wind" title="Second wind">second wind</a>", after approximately 6–10 minutes of light-moderate aerobic activity, such as walking without an incline, where the heart rate drops and symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Exercise_intolerance" title="Exercise intolerance">exercise intolerance</a> improve.<sup id="cite_ref-Lucia_2021_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucia_2021-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scalco_2014_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scalco_2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wakelin_2017_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakelin_2017-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An increase in <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system" title="Sympathetic nervous system">sympathetic nervous system</a> stimulation causes the heart rate to increase, both by the direct action of <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathetic nerve">sympathetic nerve</a> fibers on the heart and by causing the <a href="/wiki/Endocrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine">endocrine</a> system to release <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormones</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">epinephrine (adrenaline)</a>, which have a similar effect. Increased sympathetic stimulation is usually due to physical or psychological stress. This is the basis for the so-called <a href="/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response" title="Fight-or-flight response">fight-or-flight response</a>, but such stimulation can also be induced by <a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">stimulants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">ephedrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amphetamines" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphetamines">amphetamines</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>. Certain <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine disorders">endocrine disorders</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pheochromocytoma" title="Pheochromocytoma">pheochromocytoma</a> can also cause epinephrine release and can result in tachycardia independent of nervous system stimulation. <a href="/wiki/Hyperthyroidism" title="Hyperthyroidism">Hyperthyroidism</a> can also cause tachycardia.<sup id="cite_ref-AmbMed2003_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmbMed2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The upper limit of normal rate for sinus tachycardia is thought to be 220 bpm minus age.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia">Inappropriate sinus tachycardia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inappropriate sinus tachycardia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia" title="Inappropriate sinus tachycardia">Inappropriate sinus tachycardia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Inappropriate_sinus_tachycardia" title="Inappropriate sinus tachycardia">Inappropriate sinus tachycardia</a> (IST) is a <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis_of_exclusion" title="Diagnosis of exclusion">diagnosis of exclusion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a rare but benign type of cardiac arrhythmia that may be caused by a structural abnormality in the <a href="/wiki/Sinoatrial_node" title="Sinoatrial node">sinus node</a>. It can occur in seemingly healthy individuals with no history of cardiovascular disease. Other causes may include <a href="/wiki/Dysautonomia" title="Dysautonomia">autonomic nervous system deficits</a>, autoimmune response, or drug interactions. Although symptoms might be distressing, treatment is not generally needed.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ventricular">Ventricular</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ventricular"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia" title="Ventricular tachycardia">Ventricular tachycardia</a></div> <p>Ventricular tachycardia (VT or V-tach) is a potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia that originates in the ventricles. It is usually a regular, wide complex tachycardia with a rate between 120 and 250 beats per minute. A medically significant subvariant of ventricular tachycardia is called <i><a href="/wiki/Torsades_de_pointes" title="Torsades de pointes">torsades de pointes</a></i> (literally meaning "twisting of the points", due to its appearance on an EKG), which tends to result from a long QT interval.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both of these rhythms normally last for only a few <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">seconds</a> to <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minutes</a><i> (<a href="/wiki/Paroxysmal_tachycardia" title="Paroxysmal tachycardia">paroxysmal tachycardia</a>)</i>, but if VT persists it is extremely dangerous, often leading to <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillation" title="Ventricular fibrillation">ventricular fibrillation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supraventricular">Supraventricular</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Supraventricular"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia" title="Supraventricular tachycardia">Supraventricular tachycardia</a></div> <p>This is a type of tachycardia that originates from above the ventricles, such as the atria. It is sometimes known as paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT). Several types of supraventricular tachycardia are known to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Atrial_fibrillation">Atrial fibrillation</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Atrial fibrillation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation" title="Atrial fibrillation">Atrial fibrillation</a> is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. In general, it is an irregular, narrow complex rhythm. However, it may show wide QRS complexes on the ECG if a <a href="/wiki/Bundle_branch_block" title="Bundle branch block">bundle branch block</a> is present. At high rates, the QRS complex may also become wide due to the <a href="/wiki/Ashman_phenomenon" title="Ashman phenomenon">Ashman phenomenon</a>. It may be difficult to determine the rhythm's regularity when the rate exceeds 150 beats per minute. Depending on the patient's health and other variables such as medications taken for rate control, atrial fibrillation may cause heart rates that span from 50 to 250 beats per minute (or even higher if an <a href="/wiki/Wolff-Parkinson-White_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome">accessory pathway</a> is present). However, new-onset atrial fibrillation tends to present with rates between 100 and 150 beats per minute.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia">AV nodal reentrant tachycardia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: AV nodal reentrant tachycardia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia" title="AV nodal reentrant tachycardia">AV nodal reentrant tachycardia</a> (AVNRT) is the most common reentrant tachycardia. It is a regular <a href="/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia" title="Supraventricular tachycardia">narrow complex tachycardia</a> that usually responds well to the <a href="/wiki/Valsalva_maneuver" title="Valsalva maneuver">Valsalva maneuver</a> or the drug <a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">adenosine</a>. However, unstable patients sometimes require synchronized <a href="/wiki/Cardioversion" title="Cardioversion">cardioversion</a>. Definitive care may include <a href="/wiki/Catheter_ablation" title="Catheter ablation">catheter ablation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="AV_reentrant_tachycardia">AV reentrant tachycardia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: AV reentrant tachycardia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_reentrant_tachycardia" title="Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia">AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)</a> requires an <a href="/wiki/Accessory_pathway" title="Accessory pathway">accessory pathway</a> for its maintenance. AVRT may involve orthodromic conduction (where the impulse travels down the AV node to the ventricles and back up to the atria through the accessory pathway) or antidromic conduction (which the impulse travels down the accessory pathway and back up to the atria through the AV node). Orthodromic conduction usually results in a narrow complex tachycardia, and antidromic conduction usually results in a wide complex tachycardia that often mimics <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia" title="Ventricular tachycardia">ventricular tachycardia</a>. Most <a href="/wiki/Antiarrhythmics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiarrhythmics">antiarrhythmics</a> are <a href="/wiki/Contraindicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraindicated">contraindicated</a> in the emergency treatment of AVRT, because they may paradoxically increase conduction across the accessory pathway. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Junctional_tachycardia">Junctional tachycardia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Junctional tachycardia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Junctional tachycardia is an <a href="/wiki/Automatic_tachycardia" title="Automatic tachycardia">automatic tachycardia</a> originating in the AV junction. It tends to be a regular, narrow complex tachycardia and may be a sign of digitalis toxicity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Management">Management</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The management of tachycardia depends on its type (wide complex versus narrow complex), whether or not the person is stable or unstable, and whether the instability is due to the tachycardia.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS2010_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unstable means that either important organ functions are affected or <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">cardiac arrest</a> is about to occur.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS2010_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stable means that there is a tachycardia, but it does not seem an immediate threat for the patient's health, but only a symptom of an unknown disease, or a reaction that is not very dangerous in that moment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unstable">Unstable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unstable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In those that are unstable with a narrow complex tachycardia, intravenous <a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">adenosine</a> may be attempted.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS2010_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all others, immediate <a href="/wiki/Cardioversion" title="Cardioversion">cardioversion</a> is recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS2010_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stable">Stable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Stable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the problem is a simple acceleration of the heart rate that worries the patient, but the heart and the general patient's health remain stable enough, it is possible to correct it by a simple deceleration using some physical maneuvers called <a href="/wiki/Vagal_maneuver" title="Vagal maneuver">vagal maneuvers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, if the cause of the tachycardia is chronic (permanent), it would return after some time, unless that cause is corrected. </p><p>Besides, the patient should avoid receiving external effects that cause or increase tachycardia. </p><p>The same measures than in unstable tachycardia can also be taken, with medications and the type of cardioversion that is appropriate for the patient's tachycardia.<sup id="cite_ref-ACLS2010_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACLS2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>tachycardia</i> came to English from <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Classical_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical compound">neoclassical compound</a> built from the combining forms <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tachy-#Prefix" class="extiw" title="wikt:tachy-">tachy-</a></i> + <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-cardia#Suffix" class="extiw" title="wikt:-cardia">-cardia</a></i>, which are from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> ταχύς <i>tachys</i>, "quick, rapid" and καρδία, <i>kardia</i>, "heart". As a matter both of <a href="/wiki/Usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Usage">usage</a> choices in the <a href="/wiki/Medical_literature" title="Medical literature">medical literature</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Idiom_(language_structure)" title="Idiom (language structure)">idiom</a> in <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural language</a>, the words <i>tachycardia</i> and <i>tachyarrhythmia</i> are usually used interchangeably, or loosely enough that precise differentiation is not explicit. Some careful writers have tried to maintain a logical differentiation between them, which is reflected in major medical dictionaries<sup id="cite_ref-Dorlands_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorlands-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MW_Medical_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW_Medical-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stedmans_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stedmans-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and major general dictionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-AHD_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHD-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MW_Collegiate_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW_Collegiate-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MWU_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWU-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distinction is that <i>tachycardia</i> be reserved for the rapid heart rate itself, regardless of cause, physiologic or pathologic (that is, from <a href="/wiki/Exercise_physiology" title="Exercise physiology">healthy response to exercise</a> or from <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac arrhythmia">cardiac arrhythmia</a>), and that <i>tachyarrhythmia</i> be reserved for the pathologic form (that is, an arrhythmia of the rapid rate type). This is why five of the previously referenced dictionaries do <i>not</i> enter cross-references indicating <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonymy</a> between their entries for the two words (as they do elsewhere whenever synonymy is meant), and it is why one of them explicitly specifies that the two words not be confused.<sup id="cite_ref-Stedmans_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stedmans-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_prescription" title="Linguistic prescription">prescription</a> will probably never be successfully imposed on general <a href="/wiki/Usage" class="mw-redirect" title="Usage">usage</a>, not only because much of the existing medical literature ignores it even when the words stand alone but also because the terms for specific types of arrhythmia (standard collocations of adjectives and noun) are deeply established idiomatically with the <i>tachycardia</i> version as the more commonly used version. Thus SVT is called <a href="/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia" title="Supraventricular tachycardia">supraventricular tachycardia</a> more than twice as often as it is called supraventricular tachyarrhythmia; moreover, those two terms are always completely synonymous—in natural language there is no such term as "healthy/physiologic supraventricular tachycardia". The same themes are also true of <a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_reentrant_tachycardia" title="Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia">AVRT</a> and <a href="/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia" title="AV nodal reentrant tachycardia">AVNRT</a>. Thus this pair is an example of when a particular prescription (which may have been tenable 50 or 100 years earlier) can no longer be invariably enforced without violating idiom. But the power to differentiate in an idiomatic way is not lost, regardless, because when the specification of physiologic tachycardia is needed, that phrase aptly conveys it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_myopathy" title="Metabolic myopathy">Metabolic myopathies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_orthostatic_tachycardia_syndrome" title="Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome">Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ware2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ware2006_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ware2006_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAwtryJeonWare2006" class="citation book cs1">Awtry EH, Jeon C, Ware MG (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s3UBLYEWUxwC&pg=PA93">"Tachyarrhythmias"</a>. <i>Blueprints Cardiology</i> (2nd ed.). 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachycardia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width:100%; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209583" class="extiw" title="d:Q209583">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/I47">I47</a>-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/I49">I49</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/R00.0">R00.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=427">427</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=785.0">785.0</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013610">D013610</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_circulatory_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cardiovascular_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Cardiovascular system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cardiovascular_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template talk:Cardiovascular system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cardiovascular_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cardiovascular system symptoms and signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Signs_and_symptoms_relating_to_the_circulatory_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to the <a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">circulatory system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chest_pain" title="Chest pain">Chest pain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referred_pain" title="Referred pain">Referred pain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angina" title="Angina">Angina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levine%27s_sign" title="Levine's sign">Levine's sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auscultation" title="Auscultation">Auscultation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heart_sounds" title="Heart sounds">Heart sounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Split_S2" title="Split S2">Split S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_heart_sound" title="Third heart sound">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_heart_sound" title="Fourth heart sound">S4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallop_rhythm" title="Gallop rhythm">Gallop rhythm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_murmur" title="Heart murmur">Heart murmur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systolic_heart_murmur" title="Systolic heart murmur">Systolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Functional_murmur" title="Functional murmur">Functional murmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still%27s_murmur" title="Still's murmur">Still's murmur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diastolic_heart_murmur" title="Diastolic heart murmur">Diastolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary insufficiency">Pulmonary insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Steell_murmur" title="Graham Steell murmur">Graham Steell murmur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_murmurs" title="Continuous murmurs">Continuous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Coombs_murmur" title="Carey Coombs murmur">Carey Coombs murmur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitral_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitral insufficiency">Mitral insufficiency</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presystolic_murmur" title="Presystolic murmur">Presystolic murmur</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericardial_friction_rub" title="Pericardial friction rub">Pericardial friction rub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_click" title="Heart click">Heart click</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruit" title="Bruit">Bruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_bruit" title="Carotid bruit">carotid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pulse" title="Pulse">Pulse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradycardia" title="Bradycardia">Bradycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsus_paradoxus" title="Pulsus paradoxus">Pulsus paradoxus</a></li> <li><i>doubled</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsus_bisferiens" title="Pulsus bisferiens">Pulsus bisferiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsus_bigeminus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulsus bigeminus">Pulsus bigeminus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsus_alternans" title="Pulsus alternans">Pulsus alternans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palpitations" title="Palpitations">Palpitations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apex_beat" title="Apex beat">Apex beat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C5%93ur_en_sabot" title="Cœur en sabot">Cœur en sabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_venous_pressure" title="Jugular venous pressure">Jugular venous pressure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_A_waves" title="Cannon A waves">Cannon A waves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperaemia" title="Hyperaemia">Hyperaemia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)" title="Shock (circulatory)">Shock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiogenic_shock" title="Cardiogenic shock">Cardiogenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructive_shock" title="Obstructive shock">Obstructive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypovolemia" title="Hypovolemia">Hypovolemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributive_shock" title="Distributive shock">Distributive</a></li> <li>See further <a href="/wiki/Template:Shock" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Shock">Template:Shock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aortic_insufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Aortic insufficiency">Aortic insufficiency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collapsing_pulse" title="Collapsing pulse">Collapsing pulse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Musset%27s_sign" title="De Musset's sign">De Musset's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duroziez%27s_sign" title="Duroziez's sign">Duroziez's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller%27s_sign" title="Müller's sign">Müller's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Flint_murmur" title="Austin Flint murmur">Austin Flint murmur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayne%27s_sign" title="Mayne's sign">Mayne's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Endocardium" title="Endocardium">endocardium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Endocarditis" title="Endocarditis">endocarditis</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roth%27s_spot" title="Roth's spot">Roth's spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janeway_lesion" title="Janeway lesion">Janeway lesion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Osler%27s_node" title="Osler's node">Osler's node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracht%E2%80%93Wachter_bodies" title="Bracht–Wachter bodies">Bracht–Wachter bodies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pericardium" title="Pericardium">Pericardium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_tamponade" title="Cardiac tamponade">Cardiac tamponade</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pericardial_effusion" title="Pericardial effusion">Pericardial effusion</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Beck%27s_triad_(cardiology)" title="Beck's triad (cardiology)">Beck's triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewart%27s_sign" title="Ewart's sign">Ewart's sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anitschkow_cell" title="Anitschkow cell">Anitschkow cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aschoff_body" title="Aschoff body">Aschoff body</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">EKG</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J_wave" title="J wave">J wave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallavardin_phenomenon" title="Gallavardin phenomenon">Gallavardin phenomenon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vascular_disease" title="Vascular disease">Vascular disease</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Arterial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aortic_aneurysm" title="Aortic aneurysm">aortic aneurysm</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardarelli%27s_sign" title="Cardarelli's sign">Cardarelli's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver%27s_sign" title="Oliver's sign">Oliver's sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_heart_strain" title="Right heart strain">Right heart strain</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radial_artery" title="Radial artery">radial artery sufficiency</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen%27s_test" title="Allen's test">Allen's test</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudohypertension" title="Pseudohypertension">pseudohypertension</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">thrombus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lines_of_Zahn" title="Lines of Zahn">Lines of Zahn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adson%27s_sign" title="Adson's sign">Adson's sign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_fistula" title="Arteriovenous fistula">arteriovenous fistula</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicoladoni%E2%80%93Branham_sign" title="Nicoladoni–Branham sign">Nicoladoni–Branham sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Venous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedreich%27s_sign" title="Friedreich's sign">Friedreich's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caput_medusae" title="Caput medusae">Caput medusae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kussmaul%27s_sign" title="Kussmaul's sign">Kussmaul's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trendelenburg_test" title="Trendelenburg test">Trendelenburg test</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superior_vena_cava_syndrome" title="Superior vena cava syndrome">superior vena cava syndrome</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemberton%27s_sign" title="Pemberton's sign">Pemberton's sign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cardiovascular_disease_(heart)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heart_diseases" title="Template:Heart diseases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heart_diseases" title="Template talk:Heart diseases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heart_diseases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heart diseases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cardiovascular_disease_(heart)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular disease</a> (heart)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ischemia" title="Ischemia">Ischemia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coronary disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">Coronary artery disease</a> (CAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_aneurysm" title="Coronary artery aneurysm">Coronary artery aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_coronary_artery_dissection" title="Spontaneous coronary artery dissection">Spontaneous coronary artery dissection</a> (SCAD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_thrombosis" title="Coronary thrombosis">Coronary thrombosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_vasospasm" title="Coronary vasospasm">Coronary vasospasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myocardial_bridge" title="Myocardial bridge">Myocardial bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active ischemia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angina" title="Angina">Angina pectoris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prinzmetal%27s_angina" class="mw-redirect" title="Prinzmetal's angina">Prinzmetal's angina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stable_angina" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable angina">Stable angina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acute_coronary_syndrome" title="Acute coronary syndrome">Acute coronary syndrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">Myocardial infarction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstable_angina" title="Unstable angina">Unstable angina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction_complications" title="Myocardial infarction complications">Sequelae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>hours</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hibernating_myocardium" title="Hibernating myocardium">Hibernating myocardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myocardial_stunning" title="Myocardial stunning">Myocardial stunning</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>days</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myocardial_rupture" title="Myocardial rupture">Myocardial rupture</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>weeks</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_aneurysm" title="Ventricular aneurysm">Ventricular aneurysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressler_syndrome" title="Dressler syndrome">Dressler syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pericardium" title="Pericardium">Pericardium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pericarditis" title="Pericarditis">Pericarditis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_pericarditis" title="Acute pericarditis">Acute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericarditis#Acute_vs._chronic" title="Pericarditis">Chronic</a> / <a href="/wiki/Constrictive_pericarditis" title="Constrictive pericarditis">Constrictive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericardial_effusion" title="Pericardial effusion">Pericardial effusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_tamponade" title="Cardiac tamponade">Cardiac tamponade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemopericardium" title="Hemopericardium">Hemopericardium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_muscle" title="Cardiac muscle">Myocardium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myocarditis" title="Myocarditis">Myocarditis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagas_disease" title="Chagas disease">Chagas disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiomyopathy" title="Cardiomyopathy">Cardiomyopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilated_cardiomyopathy" title="Dilated cardiomyopathy">Dilated</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_cardiomyopathy" title="Alcoholic cardiomyopathy">Alcoholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Hypertrophic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachycardia-induced_cardiomyopathy" title="Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy">Tachycardia-induced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictive_cardiomyopathy" title="Restrictive cardiomyopathy">Restrictive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loeffler_endocarditis" title="Loeffler endocarditis">Loeffler endocarditis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyloidosis" title="Amyloidosis">Cardiac amyloidosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocardial_fibroelastosis" title="Endocardial fibroelastosis">Endocardial fibroelastosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_cardiomyopathy" title="Viral cardiomyopathy">Viral</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrhythmogenic_right_ventricular_dysplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia">Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocardium" title="Endocardium">Endocardium</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Valvular_heart_disease" title="Valvular heart disease">valves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocarditis" title="Endocarditis">Endocarditis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Infective_endocarditis" title="Infective endocarditis">infective endocarditis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subacute_bacterial_endocarditis" title="Subacute bacterial endocarditis">Subacute bacterial endocarditis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endocarditis#Non-infective_endocarditis" title="Endocarditis">non-infective endocarditis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libman%E2%80%93Sacks_endocarditis" title="Libman–Sacks endocarditis">Libman–Sacks endocarditis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonbacterial_thrombotic_endocarditis" title="Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis">Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Valves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitral_valve" title="Mitral valve">mitral</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_valve_prolapse" title="Mitral valve prolapse">prolapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_valve_stenosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitral valve stenosis">stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitral_regurgitation" title="Mitral regurgitation">regurgitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aortic_valve" title="Aortic valve">aortic</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_stenosis" title="Aortic stenosis">stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_regurgitation" title="Aortic regurgitation">regurgitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tricuspid_valve" title="Tricuspid valve">tricuspid</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tricuspid_valve_stenosis" title="Tricuspid valve stenosis">stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricuspid_regurgitation" title="Tricuspid regurgitation">regurgitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_valve" title="Pulmonary valve">pulmonary</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_valve_stenosis" title="Pulmonary valve stenosis">stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_regurgitation" title="Pulmonary regurgitation">regurgitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_conduction_system" title="Cardiac conduction system">Conduction</a> /<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arrhythmia" title="Arrhythmia">arrhythmia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bradycardia" title="Bradycardia">Bradycardia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinus_bradycardia" title="Sinus bradycardia">Sinus bradycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_sinus_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Sick sinus syndrome">Sick sinus syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_block" title="Heart block">Heart block</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinoatrial_block" title="Sinoatrial block">Sinoatrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_block" title="Atrioventricular block">AV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-degree_atrioventricular_block" title="First-degree atrioventricular block">1°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-degree_atrioventricular_block" title="Second-degree atrioventricular block">2°</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-degree_atrioventricular_block" title="Third-degree atrioventricular block">3°</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraventricular_block" title="Intraventricular block">Intraventricular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundle_branch_block" title="Bundle branch block">Bundle branch block</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_bundle_branch_block" title="Right bundle branch block">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_bundle_branch_block" title="Left bundle branch block">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_anterior_fascicular_block" title="Left anterior fascicular block">Left anterior fascicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_posterior_fascicular_block" title="Left posterior fascicular block">Left posterior fascicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifascicular_block" title="Bifascicular block">Bifascicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trifascicular_block" title="Trifascicular block">Trifascicular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93Stokes_syndrome" title="Adams–Stokes syndrome">Adams–Stokes syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tachycardia</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/Paroxysmal_tachycardia" title="Paroxysmal tachycardia">paroxysmal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinus_tachycardia" title="Sinus tachycardia">sinus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia" title="Supraventricular tachycardia">Supraventricular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_tachycardia" title="Atrial tachycardia">Atrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multifocal_atrial_tachycardia" title="Multifocal atrial tachycardia">Multifocal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junctional_tachycardia" title="Junctional tachycardia">Junctional</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AV_nodal_reentrant_tachycardia" title="AV nodal reentrant tachycardia">AV nodal reentrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junctional_ectopic_tachycardia" title="Junctional ectopic tachycardia">Junctional ectopic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_tachycardia" title="Ventricular tachycardia">Ventricular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerated_idioventricular_rhythm" title="Accelerated idioventricular rhythm">Accelerated idioventricular rhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catecholaminergic_polymorphic_ventricular_tachycardia" title="Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia">Catecholaminergic polymorphic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsades_de_pointes" title="Torsades de pointes">Torsades de pointes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premature contraction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premature_atrial_contraction" title="Premature atrial contraction">Atrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premature_junctional_contraction" title="Premature junctional contraction">Junctional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premature_ventricular_contraction" title="Premature ventricular contraction">Ventricular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pre-excitation_syndrome" title="Pre-excitation syndrome">Pre-excitation syndrome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lown%E2%80%93Ganong%E2%80%93Levine_syndrome" title="Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome">Lown–Ganong–Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolff%E2%80%93Parkinson%E2%80%93White_syndrome" title="Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome">Wolff–Parkinson–White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flutter / <a href="/wiki/Fibrillation" title="Fibrillation">fibrillation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_flutter" title="Atrial flutter">Atrial flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_flutter" title="Ventricular flutter">Ventricular flutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation" title="Atrial fibrillation">Atrial fibrillation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Familial_atrial_fibrillation" title="Familial atrial fibrillation">Familial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_fibrillation" title="Ventricular fibrillation">Ventricular fibrillation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker" title="Artificial cardiac pacemaker">Pacemaker</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ectopic_pacemaker" title="Ectopic pacemaker">Ectopic pacemaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ectopic_beat" title="Ectopic beat">Ectopic beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifocal_atrial_tachycardia" title="Multifocal atrial tachycardia">Multifocal atrial tachycardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacemaker_syndrome" title="Pacemaker syndrome">Pacemaker syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasystole" title="Parasystole">Parasystole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandering_atrial_pacemaker" title="Wandering atrial pacemaker">Wandering atrial pacemaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Long_QT_syndrome" title="Long QT syndrome">Long QT syndrome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andersen%E2%80%93Tawil_syndrome" title="Andersen–Tawil syndrome">Andersen–Tawil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jervell_and_Lange-Nielsen_syndrome" title="Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome">Jervell and Lange-Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano%E2%80%93Ward_syndrome" title="Romano–Ward syndrome">Romano–Ward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">Cardiac arrest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">Sudden cardiac death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asystole" title="Asystole">Asystole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulseless_electrical_activity" title="Pulseless electrical activity">Pulseless electrical activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinoatrial_arrest" title="Sinoatrial arrest">Sinoatrial arrest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other / ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hexaxial_reference_system" title="Hexaxial reference system">hexaxial reference system</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_axis_deviation" title="Right axis deviation">Right axis deviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_axis_deviation" title="Left axis deviation">Left axis deviation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/QT_interval" title="QT interval">QT</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_QT_syndrome" title="Short QT syndrome">Short QT syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T_wave" title="T wave">T</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T_wave_alternans" title="T wave alternans">T wave alternans</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ST_segment" title="ST segment">ST</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J_wave" title="J wave">J wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ST_elevation" title="ST elevation">ST elevation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ST_depression" title="ST depression">ST depression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strain_pattern" title="Strain pattern">Strain pattern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cardiomegaly" title="Cardiomegaly">Cardiomegaly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ventricular_hypertrophy" title="Ventricular hypertrophy">Ventricular hypertrophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left_ventricular_hypertrophy" title="Left ventricular hypertrophy">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_ventricular_hypertrophy" title="Right ventricular hypertrophy">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_heart_disease" title="Pulmonary heart disease">Pulmonary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_enlargement" title="Atrial enlargement">Atrial enlargement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left_atrial_enlargement" title="Left atrial enlargement">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_atrial_enlargement" title="Right atrial enlargement">Right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletic_heart_syndrome" title="Athletic heart syndrome">Athletic heart syndrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_fibrosis" title="Cardiac fibrosis">Cardiac fibrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">Heart failure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diastolic_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Diastolic heart failure">Diastolic heart failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_asthma" title="Cardiac asthma">Cardiac asthma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">Rheumatic fever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructive_shock" title="Obstructive shock">Obstructive shock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4184320-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tachycardia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85131847">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tachycardie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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