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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 116 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ميتاليكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميتاليكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="متالیکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="متالیکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মেটালিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেটালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Металика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Металика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%A7" title="މެޓަލިކާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މެޓަލިކާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="متالیکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متالیکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌺𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌺𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="메탈리카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메탈리카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मेटालिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेटालिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מטאליקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטאליקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="მეტალიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეტალიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मेटालिका – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मेटालिका" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Металика – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Металика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="മെറ്റാലിക്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെറ്റാലിക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ميتاليكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميتاليكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Металлика – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Металлика" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC" title="မက်တယ်လ်လစ်ကာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်တယ်လ်လစ်ကာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मेटालिका – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मेटालिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मेटालिका – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मेटालिका" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB" title="メタリカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メタリカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਟੈਲੀਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਟੈਲੀਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مٹالیکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مٹالیکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C3%A0llica" title="Metàllica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Metàllica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مێتالیکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێتالیکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="மெட்டாலிகா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெட்டாலிகா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="เมทัลลิกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมทัลลิกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E4%B9%90%E9%98%9F" title="金属乐队 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="金属乐队" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%A8%82%E9%9A%8A" title="金屬樂隊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="金屬樂隊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Metallica" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E4%B9%90%E9%98%9F" title="金属乐队 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金属乐队" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Metallica</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metallica_March_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Members of Metallica onstage"><img alt="Members of Metallica onstage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Metallica_March_2024.jpg/300px-Metallica_March_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Metallica_March_2024.jpg/450px-Metallica_March_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Metallica_March_2024.jpg/600px-Metallica_March_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Metallica at the 2024 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gershwin_Prize_ceremony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gershwin Prize ceremony (not yet started)">Gershwin Prize ceremony</a>. From left to right: <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Hammett" title="Kirk Hammett">Kirk Hammett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ulrich" title="Lars Ulrich">Lars Ulrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Trujillo" title="Robert Trujillo">Robert Trujillo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Hetfield" title="James Hetfield">James Hetfield</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">speed metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1981–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megaforce_Records" title="Megaforce Records">Megaforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_Records" title="Elektra Records">Elektra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertigo_Records" title="Vertigo Records">Vertigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Records" title="Warner Records">Warner Bros.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackened_Recordings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackened Recordings (not yet started)">Blackened</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hetfield" title="James Hetfield">James Hetfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ulrich" title="Lars Ulrich">Lars Ulrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Hammett" title="Kirk Hammett">Kirk Hammett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trujillo" title="Robert Trujillo">Robert Trujillo</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Past member(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Mustaine" title="Dave Mustaine">Dave Mustaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_McGovney" title="Ron McGovney">Ron McGovney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Burton" title="Cliff Burton">Cliff Burton</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Newsted" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason Newsted">Jason Newsted</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metallica.com">metallica<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Metallica</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal rock</a> band formed in 1981 based out of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>,. They are seen as pioneers of the <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash</a> sub-genre of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>. The band is one of the "Big Four" of early thrash metal, with <a href="/wiki/Megadeth" title="Megadeth">Megadeth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anthrax_(American_band)" title="Anthrax (American band)">Anthrax</a>. They are well known for many of their songs, including "Master of Puppets", "The Unforgiven", "One", "Enter Sandman", and "Nothing Else Matters". Since then, they have become one of the most popular and successful bands of metal, and have sold over 100 million <a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">albums</a> worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-RIAA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIAA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The band's fifth album, <a href="/wiki/Metallica_(album)" title="Metallica (album)"><i>Metallica</i></a>, has sold over 22 million copies, making it one of the top 20 best selling albums of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metallica's current members are <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitarist</a> and singer <a href="/wiki/James_Hetfield" title="James Hetfield">James Hetfield</a>, drummer <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ulrich" title="Lars Ulrich">Lars Ulrich</a>, guitarist <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Hammett" title="Kirk Hammett">Kirk Hammett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bassist</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Trujillo" title="Robert Trujillo">Robert Trujillo</a>. Hetfield and Ulrich write most of the band's songs. </p><p>Metallica became popular when they released their third album, <i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Puppets" title="Master of Puppets">Master of Puppets</a></i>, on March 3, 1986. It is called the band's best album. The band was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a> for their fourth album, <i><a href="/wiki/...And_Justice_for_All_(album)" title="...And Justice for All (album)">...And Justice For All</a></i>, in 1988. Their next album, <i>Metallica</i>, commonly known as the "<i>Black Album</i>", was their most popular. The band's latest studio album is <i><a href="/wiki/72_Seasons" title="72 Seasons">72 Seasons</a></i>, which was released on April 14, 2023. </p><p>Metallica has sold over 125 million total albums.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Band_history">Band history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Band history" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Band history"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Band_starts">Band starts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Band starts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Band starts"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The band formed after <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drummer</a> <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ulrich" title="Lars Ulrich">Lars Ulrich</a> placed an <a href="/wiki/Advertisement" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertisement">advertisement</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> saying that he was looking for musicians to help him <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover</a> songs by Tygers of Pang Tang, Diamond Head, and <a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>. <a href="/wiki/James_Hetfield" title="James Hetfield">James Hetfield</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitarist</a> who would become the lead singer of Metallica, answered the advertisement. Later, Lars and James would be joined by another young guitar player looking for a band named <a href="/wiki/Dave_Mustaine" title="Dave Mustaine">Dave Mustaine</a>. Ulrich, Hetfield, Mustaine, and <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass</a> player <a href="/wiki/Ron_McGovney" title="Ron McGovney">Ron McGovney</a> started playing in the band. Ulrich and Hetfield saw another bass player, <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Burton" title="Cliff Burton">Cliff Burton</a>, playing at a concert, and asked him to join the band to replace McGovney. This was because McGovney was having trouble getting along with other band members. Burton joined the band after Ulrich and Hetfield agreed to move from Los Angeles to <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. In 1983, Mustaine was kicked out of the band for his drug and alcohol problems and violent behavior, and was replaced with guitarist <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Hammett" title="Kirk Hammett">Kirk Hammett</a> who left his previous band, <a href="/wiki/Exodus_(band)" title="Exodus (band)">Exodus</a>. Mustaine went on to form his own band named <a href="/wiki/Megadeth" title="Megadeth">Megadeth</a>. They became very popular in the metal scene, and have become one of Metallica's metal contemporaries, along with <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthrax_(US_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthrax (US band)">Anthrax</a>. All four bands are known as the "Big Four" of thrash metal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Successful_albums">Successful albums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Successful albums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Successful albums"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1983, Metallica released their first studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Kill_%27Em_All" title="Kill 'Em All">Kill 'Em All</a></i>, on which few of the songs were still credited to Mustaine. One year later, Metallica released their second studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Ride_the_Lightning" title="Ride the Lightning">Ride the Lightning</a></i>. "Ride the Lightning" and "The Call of Ktulu," the album's final track, were the band's last songs to give Dave Mustaine writing credits. Metallica was one of few bands at the time to deviate from the then popular hair/glam metal trend that was taking place during the 1980s, led by bands like <a href="/wiki/Poison_(band)" title="Poison (band)">Poison</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6tley_Cr%C3%BCe" title="Mötley Crüe">Mötley Crüe</a>. </p><p>In 1986, Metallica released their third studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Puppets" title="Master of Puppets">Master of Puppets</a></i>, which is widely considered to be one of the greatest heavy metal albums of all time. On September 27, 1986, Cliff Burton was killed when the band's tour bus crashed in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. Burton was subsequently replaced by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Newsted" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason Newsted">Jason Newsted</a> after auditioning. </p><p>With Newsted as bassist, Metallica released their fourth studio album <i><a href="/wiki/...And_Justice_for_All_(album)" title="...And Justice for All (album)">...And Justice for All</a></i>, reaching #6 on the <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard 200">Billboard 200</a></i>. The album features the song "One," which won a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 1990. The album is criticized for its production and inaudible bass guitar, which is commonly believed to be a result of Jason Newsted's hazing, during which the other members turned down the bass guitar volume on the album. The album is also known for having much more complex song structures than previous albums. </p><p>Metallica reached even greater success with their <a href="/wiki/Metallica_(album)" title="Metallica (album)">self-titled fifth studio album</a>, which debuted at #1 on the <i>Billboard</i> 200 and has sold over 15 million copies in the United States. The album won a Grammy for Best Metal Performance in 1992, being Metallica's third consecutive Grammy (the second being their cover of Queen's "Stone Cold Crazy"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage_accident">Stage accident</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Stage accident" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Stage accident"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 8, 1992, when the band was playing in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, James Hetfield accidentally walked into a 12 foot high blast of fire on stage. He had second and third degree burns. </p><p><br /> Metallica's music shifted towards a more mainstream hard rock style, and continued their success with <a href="/wiki/Load_(album)" title="Load (album)">Load</a> and <a href="/wiki/ReLoad" title="ReLoad">ReLoad</a>, released in 1996 and 1997, which both debuted at #1 on the <i>Billboard</i> 200. Despite the albums' success, many fans were unhappy with the large change of style from Metallica's previous albums. </p><p>In 1998, Metallica released <a href="/wiki/Garage,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Garage, Inc.">Garage, Inc.</a>, which was an album of cover songs by many of the artists that influenced Metallica, such as <a href="/wiki/Mot%C3%B6rhead" title="Motörhead">Motörhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercyful_Fate" title="Mercyful Fate">Mercyful Fate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thin_Lizzy" title="Thin Lizzy">Thin Lizzy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blue_%C3%96yster_Cult" title="Blue Öyster Cult">Blue Öyster Cult</a>. </p><p>In 2001, Newsted left Metallica to start his own project, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echobrain" class="extiw" title="en:Echobrain">Echobrain</a>, much against the band's wishes, particularly James Hetfield. Their eighth studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/St._Anger" title="St. Anger">St. Anger</a></i>, was released in 2003, with producer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Rock" class="extiw" title="en:Bob Rock">Bob Rock</a> playing bass after Newsted's departure. <i>St. Anger</i> also debuted at #1 on the <i>Billboard</i> 200, but was even further disliked by fans than Load and Reload. Shortly after the release of <i>St. Anger</i>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Trujillo" title="Robert Trujillo">Robert Trujillo</a> joined the band after a long auditioning process with many bassists. At Trujillo's request, his audition song was Battery, a very fast-paced song from <i>Master of Puppets</i>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Magnetic" title="Death Magnetic">Death Magnetic</a></i>, the band's ninth studio album, was released in September 2008, and debuted at #1 on the <i>Billboard</i> 200, making Metallica the first band to achieve five consecutive #1 albums in United States. <i>Death Magnetic</i> showed a return to the band's <a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> roots. From 2008 to 2010, Metallica performed their <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Magnetic_Tour" class="extiw" title="en:World Magnetic Tour">World Magnetic Tour</a> supporting the album's release. The tour concluded in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> November 21, 2010. </p><p>In June 2010, Metallica attended the Sonisphere Festival in Sofia, Bulgaria with the rest of the Big 4, alongside Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer. Between Metallica's encores, all four bands took the stage to perform "Am I Evil?" by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Head_(band)" class="extiw" title="en:Diamond Head (band)">Diamond Head</a>. </p><p>In 2011, <i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulu (album)">Lulu</a></i>, a collaboration album between Metallica and Lou Reed, was released. Many Metallica fans were dissatisfied due to stylistic differences between Reed and Metallica, but the album has managed to garner success. </p><p>In October 2013, Hetfield stated in an interview that the band would start working on their next album in early 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2020, <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a> announced that she was planning on recording a Metallica covers album and on January 7, 2021, she announced that she has recorded a cover version of "Nothing Else Matters" that would feature <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a> on piano, drummer <a href="/wiki/Chad_Smith" title="Chad Smith">Chad Smith</a> from <a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers" title="Red Hot Chili Peppers">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cellist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellist">Cellist</a> Yo-Yo Ma. This version was produced by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Watt_(musician)" title="Andrew Watt (musician)">Andrew Watt</a>, and was released as a promotional single for the tribute album <i>The Metallica Blacklist.</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Band_members">Band members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Band members" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Band members"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Current lineup</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hetfield" title="James Hetfield">James Hetfield</a> – lead vocals, rhythm guitar <small>(1981–present)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ulrich" title="Lars Ulrich">Lars Ulrich</a> – drums <small>(1981–present)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Hammett" title="Kirk Hammett">Kirk Hammett</a> – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(1983–present)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trujillo" title="Robert Trujillo">Robert Trujillo</a> – bass, backing vocals <small>(2003–present)</small></li></ul> <dl><dt>Former</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Mustaine" title="Dave Mustaine">Dave Mustaine</a> – lead guitar, backing vocals <small>(1982–1983)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_McGovney" title="Ron McGovney">Ron McGovney</a> – bass <small>(1982)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Burton" title="Cliff Burton">Cliff Burton</a> – bass, backing vocals <small>(1982–1986; died 1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Newsted" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason Newsted">Jason Newsted</a> – bass, backing vocals <small>(1986–2001)</small></li></ul> <p><b>Timeline</b> </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_1x4ax7ocvavrt2m7kb2iwjg5yawagiu"></map><img usemap="#timeline_1x4ax7ocvavrt2m7kb2iwjg5yawagiu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/simple/timeline/1x4ax7ocvavrt2m7kb2iwjg5yawagiu.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Discography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Discography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kill_%27Em_All" title="Kill 'Em All">Kill 'Em All</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ride_the_Lightning" title="Ride the Lightning">Ride the Lightning</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Puppets" title="Master of Puppets">Master of Puppets</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garage_Days_Re-Revisited" title="Garage Days Re-Revisited">Garage Days Re-Revisited</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/...And_Justice_for_All_(album)" title="...And Justice for All (album)">...And Justice for All</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metallica_(album)" title="Metallica (album)">Metallica (The Black Album)</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Load_(album)" title="Load (album)">Load</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ReLoad" title="ReLoad">ReLoad</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garage,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Garage, Inc.">Garage, Inc.</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%26M_(Metallica_album)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S&M (Metallica album) (not yet started)">S&M</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Anger" title="St. Anger">St. Anger</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Magnetic" title="Death Magnetic">Death Magnetic</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulu (album)">Lulu</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hardwired..._to_Self-Destruct" title="Hardwired... to Self-Destruct">Hardwired... to Self-Destruct</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%26M2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S&M2 (not yet started)">S&M2</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/72_Seasons" title="72 Seasons">72 Seasons</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RIAA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RIAA_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/60vCDkBsu?url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1">"Archived copy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=tblTop100&action=">the original</a> on 2011-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgoldandplatinumdata.php%3Fresultpage%3D1%26table%3DtblTop100%26action%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMetallica" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFVaziri2012" class="citation web cs1">Vaziri, Aidin (2012-09-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/music/article/Kirk-Hammett-Some-kind-of-monster-fan-3850850.php">"Kirk Hammett: Some kind of monster fan"</a>. <i>SFGATE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFGATE&rft.atitle=Kirk+Hammett%3A+Some+kind+of+monster+fan&rft.date=2012-09-09&rft.aulast=Vaziri&rft.aufirst=Aidin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fmusic%2Farticle%2FKirk-Hammett-Some-kind-of-monster-fan-3850850.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMetallica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-43049190">"Metallica to get 'Nobel Prize of music'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2018-02-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Metallica+to+get+%27Nobel+Prize+of+music%27&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-43049190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMetallica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFNME2013" class="citation web cs1">NME (9 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/metallica-106-1243995">"Metallica's James Hetfield says band are 'itchin<i> to start work on new album"</i></a><i>. </i>NME<i>.</i></cite><i><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Metallica%27s+James+Hetfield+says+band+are+%27itchin+to+start+work+on+new+album&rft.date=2013-10-09&rft.au=NME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fmetallica-106-1243995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMetallica" class="Z3988"></span></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBruce2021" class="citation web cs1">Bruce, Jasper (2021-01-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/elton-john-chad-smith-and-more-to-appear-on-miley-cyrus-metallica-covers-album-2850739">"Elton John, Chad Smith and more to appear on Miley Cyrus' Metallica covers album"</a>. <i>NME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Elton+John%2C+Chad+Smith+and+more+to+appear+on+Miley+Cyrus%27+Metallica+covers+album&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Felton-john-chad-smith-and-more-to-appear-on-miley-cyrus-metallica-covers-album-2850739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AMetallica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metallica" title="Template:Metallica"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background: #b0c4de;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Metallica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Metallica (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background: #b0c4de;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Metallica&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background: #b0c4de;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metallica" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metallica</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE;"><div id="*_James_Hetfield_*_Lars_Ulrich_*_Kirk_Hammett_*_Robert_Trujillo&#95;_*_Ron_McGovney_*_Dave_Mustaine_*_Cliff_Burton_*_Jason_Newsted"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Hetfield" title="James Hetfield">James Hetfield</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lars_Ulrich" title="Lars Ulrich">Lars Ulrich</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Hammett" title="Kirk Hammett">Kirk Hammett</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_Trujillo" title="Robert Trujillo">Robert Trujillo</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_McGovney" title="Ron McGovney">Ron McGovney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Mustaine" title="Dave Mustaine">Dave Mustaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Burton" title="Cliff Burton">Cliff Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Newsted" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason Newsted">Jason Newsted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kill_%27Em_All" title="Kill 'Em All">Kill 'Em All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ride_the_Lightning" title="Ride the Lightning">Ride the Lightning</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Puppets" title="Master of Puppets">Master of Puppets</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/...And_Justice_for_All_(album)" title="...And Justice for All (album)">...And Justice for All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metallica_(album)" title="Metallica (album)">Metallica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Load_(album)" title="Load (album)">Load</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ReLoad" title="ReLoad">ReLoad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Anger" title="St. Anger">St. Anger</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Magnetic" title="Death Magnetic">Death Magnetic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hardwired..._to_Self-Destruct" title="Hardwired... to Self-Destruct">Hardwired... to Self-Destruct</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/72_Seasons" title="72 Seasons">72 Seasons</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Cover albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Garage_Inc." title="Garage Inc.">Garage Inc.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Collaboration projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%26M_(album)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S&M (album) (not yet started)">S&M</a></i> (with the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Symphony">San Francisco Symphony</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Four:_Live_from_Sofia,_Bulgaria" title="The Big Four: Live from Sofia, Bulgaria">The Big Four: Live from Sofia, Bulgaria</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Anthrax_(American_band)" title="Anthrax (American band)">Anthrax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megadeth" title="Megadeth">Megadeth</a> & <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulu (album)">Lulu</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%26M2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S&M2 (not yet started)">S&M2</a></i> (with the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Symphony">San Francisco Symphony</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Extended plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Garage_Days_Re-Revisited" title="Garage Days Re-Revisited">The $5.98 E.P. – Garage Days Re-Revisited</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beyond_Magnetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beyond Magnetic (not yet started)">Beyond Magnetic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orgullo,_Pasi%C3%B3n,_y_Gloria:_Tres_Noches_en_la_Ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orgullo, Pasión, y Gloria: Tres Noches en la Ciudad de México (not yet started)">Orgullo, Pasión, y Gloria: Tres Noches en la Ciudad de México</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six_Feet_Down_Under&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Six Feet Down Under (not yet started)">Six Feet Down Under</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Six_Feet_Down_Under_Part_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Six Feet Down Under Part II (not yet started)">Six Feet Down Under Part II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_at_Grimey%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live at Grimey's (not yet started)">Live at Grimey's</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallica:_Through_the_Never_(album)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metallica: Through the Never (album) (not yet started)">Through the Never</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EEEEEE;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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