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<li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Imperial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Urban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable individuals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Henan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 105 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خنان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خنان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen%C3%A1n" title="Henán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Henán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="হনান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হনান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4-l%C3%A2m-s%C3%A9ng" title="Hô-lâm-séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hô-lâm-séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Хэнань – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хэнань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Хэнань – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хэнань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хънан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хънан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧའོ་ནན་ཞིང་ཆེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧའོ་ནན་ཞིང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan_Sheng" title="Henan Sheng – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Henan Sheng" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che-nan" title="Che-nan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Che-nan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Χενάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χενάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henano" title="Henano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Henano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="استان هنان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استان هنان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" title="河南 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="河南" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2-n%C3%A0m" title="Hò-nàm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hò-nàm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%82%9C%EC%84%B1" title="허난성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="허난성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հենան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հենան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हेनान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हेनान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Henan" title="Provinco Henan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Provinco Henan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Хэнань – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хэнань" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9F" title="חנאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חנאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ხენანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხენანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Хэнань – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хэнань" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honania" title="Honania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Honania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hena%C5%86a" title="Henaņa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Henaņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henanas" title="Henanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Henanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honan" title="Honan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Honan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хенан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хенан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഹെനാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹെനാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हेनान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हेनान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰენანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰენანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هنان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هنان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯍꯦꯅꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯦꯅꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92%CC%A4-n%C3%A0ng" title="Ò̤-nàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ò̤-nàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6" title="Хэнань муж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хэнань муж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဟဲနန်ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟဲနန်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan_(China)" title="Henan (China) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Henan (China)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हेनान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हेनान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="河南省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Хэнань – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хэнань" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenan" title="Xenan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xenan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹੇਨਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੇਨਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہینان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہینان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon%C3%A3" title="Honã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Honã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan_pruwinsya" title="Henan pruwinsya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Henan pruwinsya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Хэнань – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хэнань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88" title="ھينان صوبو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھينان صوبو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھێنان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێنان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хенан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хенан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹெனன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹெனன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="มณฑลเหอหนาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มณฑลเหอหนาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҳенон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳенон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Хенань – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хенань" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہینان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہینان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%90%D9%86%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%84%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="خېنەن ئۆلكىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خېنەن ئۆلكىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoznanz" title="Hoznanz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hoznanz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_Nam_(Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c)" title="Hà Nam (Trung Quốc) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hà Nam (Trung Quốc)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="河南省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henan" title="Henan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Henan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="河南省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" title="河南 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="河南" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Central China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Henan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Henan (disambiguation)">Henan (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="河南 (disambiguation)"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">河南</span> (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Henan</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">河南</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of China">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Province of Henan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Name transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Chinese</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">河南省</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hénán shěng</i></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">Abbreviation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">HA / HEN / <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%AB#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:豫">豫</a></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Yù</i></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:270px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Songshan_Buddhist_Academy_Lied_in_Mount_Song.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Songshan_Buddhist_Academy_Lied_in_Mount_Song.jpg/270px-The_Songshan_Buddhist_Academy_Lied_in_Mount_Song.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Songshan_Buddhist_Academy_Lied_in_Mount_Song.jpg/405px-The_Songshan_Buddhist_Academy_Lied_in_Mount_Song.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_Songshan_Buddhist_Academy_Lied_in_Mount_Song.jpg/540px-The_Songshan_Buddhist_Academy_Lied_in_Mount_Song.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5599" data-file-height="2959" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%AA%9F_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%AA%9F_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/134px-%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%AA%9F_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%AA%9F_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/201px-%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%AA%9F_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%AA%9F_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/268px-%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%AA%9F_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaifeng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kaifeng.jpg/134px-Kaifeng.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kaifeng.jpg/201px-Kaifeng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kaifeng.jpg/268px-Kaifeng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fawang_Temple_Pagoda,_Dengfeng.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Fawang_Temple_Pagoda%2C_Dengfeng.jpg/134px-Fawang_Temple_Pagoda%2C_Dengfeng.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Fawang_Temple_Pagoda%2C_Dengfeng.jpg/201px-Fawang_Temple_Pagoda%2C_Dengfeng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Fawang_Temple_Pagoda%2C_Dengfeng.jpg/268px-Fawang_Temple_Pagoda%2C_Dengfeng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Songshanfawangsi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Songshanfawangsi.JPG/134px-Songshanfawangsi.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Songshanfawangsi.JPG/201px-Songshanfawangsi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Songshanfawangsi.JPG/268px-Songshanfawangsi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fawang_Temple" title="Fawang Temple">Fawang Temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li><li>Fawang Temple pagoda</li><li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henan_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Henan in China"><img alt="Location of Henan in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Henan_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/275px-Henan_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Henan_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/413px-Henan_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Henan_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/550px-Henan_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Henan in China</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:河">河</a></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">hé</i></span> – <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li><li><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:南">南</a></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">nán</i></span> – south</li></ul></div>"south of the Yellow River"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(and largest city)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Divisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>17 <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">prefectures</a>, 159 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_China" title="Counties of China">counties</a>, 2,455 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_China" title="Townships of China">townships</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan_Provincial_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henan Provincial People's Congress (page does not exist)">Henan Provincial People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Secretary_of_Henan" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Secretary of Henan">Party Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lou_Yangsheng" title="Lou Yangsheng">Lou Yangsheng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan_Provincial_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henan Provincial People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Lou Yangsheng</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_(China)" title="Governor (China)">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Kai_(politician)" title="Wang Kai (politician)">Wang Kai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kong_Changsheng" title="Kong Changsheng">Kong Changsheng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th><td class="infobox-data">174 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mofcom_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mofcom-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">167,000 km<sup>2</sup> (64,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">17th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Laoyachanao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laoyachanao (page does not exist)">Laoyachanao</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,413.8 m (7,919.3 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">99,365,519</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">600/km<sup>2</sup> (1,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density">7th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnic composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>: 98.6%</li><li>Others: 1.4%</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Languages and dialects</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_Mandarin" title="Central Plains Mandarin">Central Plains Mandarin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2023)</span><sup id="cite_ref-data2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥5,913 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">6th</a>) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent" style="padding-left: 1em;"><span class="nowrap">(US$839 billion)</span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥60,073 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">25th</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r996643573"><div class="block-indent" style="padding-left: 1em;"><span class="nowrap">(US$8,525)</span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CN-HA</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.760<sup id="cite_ref-SHDI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHDI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">25th</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">high</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://henan.gov.cn">henan<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Henan</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Henan_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Henan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/70px-Henan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Henan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/105px-Henan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Henan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/140px-Henan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="237" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Henan" in Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">河南</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Honan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">South of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Hénán</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄏㄜˊ<span style="padding-left:0.5ic;"> </span>ㄋㄢˊ</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span>Ho<sup>2</sup>-nan<sup>2</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[xɤ̌.nǎn]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suzhounese" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzhounese">Suzhounese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Ghôu-nóe</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Hòh-nàahm</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Ho4-naam4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[hɔ˩.nam˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Hô-lâm</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Abbreviation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">豫</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Yù</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henan</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central China</a>. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including <a href="/wiki/Yinxu" title="Yinxu">Yinxu</a>, the ruins of the final capital of the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1600</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1050 BC</span>) and the <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Temple">Shaolin Temple</a>. Four of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">historical capitals of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, are in Henan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the province's name means 'south of the river',<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approximately a quarter of the province lies north of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. With an area of 167,000 km<sup>2</sup> (64,000 sq mi), Henan covers a large part of the fertile and densely populated <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>. Its neighboring provinces are <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>. </p><p>Henan is China's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">third-most populous province</a> with a population of over 99 million as of 2020. It is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_first-level_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of first-level administrative divisions by population">world's seventh-most populous</a> administrative division; if it were a country by itself, Henan would be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">14th-most populous in the world</a>, ahead of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. People from Henan <a href="/wiki/Anti-Henan_sentiment" title="Anti-Henan sentiment">often suffer</a> from <a href="/wiki/Regional_discrimination_in_China" title="Regional discrimination in China">regional discrimination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henan is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">5th-largest provincial economy</a> of China, the second-largest in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> after <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, and the largest among inland provinces, with a nominal GDP of CN¥5.88 trillion (US$926 billion) as of 2021, ahead of the nation of Turkey ($815 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If it were a country, it would be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">18th-largest economy</a> as of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> is low compared to other eastern and central provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy continues to grow based on aluminum and coal prices, as well as agriculture, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a>, tourism and retail. <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">High-tech</a> industries and the service sector are concentrated around <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>. </p><p>Henan hosts more than 150 institutions of higher education, ranking first in the <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central China</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023, three major cities in the province ranked in the top 200 cities in the world (<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> 76th, <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> 154th and <a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a> 195th) by scientific research output, as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Widely regarded as one of the cradles of Chinese civilization along with the provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi, Henan is known for its historical prosperity and periodic downturns.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic prosperity resulted from its extensive fertile plains and its location at the heart of the country. However, its strategic location also means that it has suffered from nearly all of the major wars in China. In addition, the numerous floods of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> have caused significant damage from time to time.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, in particular, has been buried by China's Yellow River's silt seven times due to flooding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological sites reveal that prehistoric cultures such as the <a href="/wiki/Yangshao_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangshao Culture">Yangshao Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longshan_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Longshan Culture">Longshan Culture</a> were active in what is now northern Henan since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic Era">Neolithic Era</a>. The more recent <a href="/wiki/Erlitou_culture" title="Erlitou culture">Erlitou culture</a> has been controversially identified with the <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia dynasty</a>, the first and largely legendary Chinese dynasty that was established,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> roughly, in the 21st century BC. Virtually the entire kingdom existed within what is now north and central Henan. </p><p>The Xia dynasty collapsed around the 16th century BC following the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a>, a neighboring <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Chinese States">vassal state</a> centered around today's <a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a> in eastern Henan. The <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a> (16th–11th centuries BC) was the first literate dynasty of China. Its many capitals are located at the modern cities of <a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>. Their last and most important capital of <a href="/wiki/Yinxu" title="Yinxu">Yin</a>, located in modern <a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a>, is where the first Chinese writing was created. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg/140px-Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg/210px-Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Shang-Orakelknochen_excerpt_adjusted_for_contrast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Shang dynasty <a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">oracle bone script</a>, the first form of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese writing">Chinese writing</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 11th century BC, the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a> arrived from the west and overthrew the Shang dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a> period (c. 1046 – 771 BC), the capital and political and economical center was moved away from Henan for the first time. The <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a>, a period of warfare and rivalry, began in 721 BC. What is now Henan and all of China was divided into a variety of small, independent states, constantly at war for control of the central plain. Although regarded formally as the ruler of China, the control that Zhou king in Luoyang exerted over the feudal kingdoms had virtually disappeared. Despite the prolonged period of instability, prominent philosophers such as <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> emerged in this era and offered their ideas on how a state should be run. <a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a>, the founder of <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, was born in northern <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chu">Chu</a>, part of modern-day Henan.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later on, these states were replaced by seven large and powerful states during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a>, and Henan was divided into three states, the <a href="/wiki/Wei_(state)" title="Wei (state)">Wei</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chu">Chu</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Han">Han</a> in the middle. In 221 BC, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Qin">state of Qin</a> forces from Shaanxi conquered all of the other six states, ending 800 years of warfare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_era">Imperial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Imperial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ying_Zheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Ying Zheng">Ying Zheng</a>, the leader of Qin, crowned himself (220 BCE) as the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_China" title="Emperor of China">first emperor of China</a>. He abolished the feudal system and centralized all powers, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin dynasty</a> and unifying the core of the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> homeland for the first time. The empire quickly collapsed after the death (210 BCE) of Ying Zheng and was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> in 206 BC, with its capital at Chang'an. Thus, a <a href="/wiki/Golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age">golden age</a> of Chinese culture, economy, and military power began. The capital moved east to <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> in 25 AD, in response to a coup in Chang'an that created the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Xin_dynasty" title="Xin dynasty">Xin dynasty</a>. Luoyang quickly regained control of China, and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a> (25–220) began, extending the golden age for another two centuries. </p><p>The late <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a> saw war and rivalry between regional warlords. <a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a> in central Henan was the power base of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a>, who eventually succeeded in unifying all of northern China under the <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Kingdom of Wei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wei then moved its capital to Luoyang, which remained the capital after the unification of China by the Western <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265-420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265-420)">Jin dynasty</a>. During this period Luoyang became one of the largest and most prosperous cities in the world, despite being repeatedly damaged by warfare. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mural_Painting_of_a_Banquet_Scene_from_the_Han_Dynasty_Tomb_of_Ta-hu-t%27ing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mural_Painting_of_a_Banquet_Scene_from_the_Han_Dynasty_Tomb_of_Ta-hu-t%27ing.jpg/300px-Mural_Painting_of_a_Banquet_Scene_from_the_Han_Dynasty_Tomb_of_Ta-hu-t%27ing.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mural_Painting_of_a_Banquet_Scene_from_the_Han_Dynasty_Tomb_of_Ta-hu-t%27ing.jpg/450px-Mural_Painting_of_a_Banquet_Scene_from_the_Han_Dynasty_Tomb_of_Ta-hu-t%27ing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mural_Painting_of_a_Banquet_Scene_from_the_Han_Dynasty_Tomb_of_Ta-hu-t%27ing.jpg/600px-Mural_Painting_of_a_Banquet_Scene_from_the_Han_Dynasty_Tomb_of_Ta-hu-t%27ing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>A late <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han">Eastern Han</a> (25–220 AD) <a href="/wiki/Chinese_painting" title="Chinese painting">Chinese tomb mural</a> showing lively scenes of a banquet, dance and music, acrobatics, and wrestling, from the <a href="/wiki/Dahuting_Han_tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahuting Han tombs">Dahuting Han tombs</a>, on the southern bank of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suihe_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suihe River (page does not exist)">Suihe River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With the fall of the Western Jin dynasty in the 4th and 5th centuries, nomadic peoples from the north invaded northern China and established many successive regimes in northern China, including Henan. These people were gradually assimilated into the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a> in a process known as <a href="/wiki/Sinification" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinification">sinification</a>. </p><p>The short-lived <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> reunified China again in 589 with its capital back in Chang'an. It collapsed due to <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Yang of Sui China">Sui Emperor Yang's</a> costly attempt to relocate the capital from Chang'an to Luoyang and the construction of many extravagant palaces there.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The succeeding <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907) kept its capital in <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a>, marking the beginning of China's second golden age, with Henan being one of the wealthiest places in the empire. </p><p>The Tang dynasty lasted for three centuries before it eventually succumbed to internal strife. In the <a href="/wiki/Period_of_Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms">Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a> (907–960) that followed, <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> in eastern Henan became the capital of four dynasties. The <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> that reunified China in 982 also had its capital at Kaifeng. Under Song rule, China entered another era of culture and prosperity, and Kaifeng overtook Luoyang and Chang'an as the largest city in China and in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1127, however, the Song dynasty succumbed to <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jurchen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jinn_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinn dynasty">Jin dynasty</a>) invaders from the north in the <a href="/wiki/Jin_campaigns_against_the_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin campaigns against the Song dynasty">Jin–Song war</a>, and in 1142 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shaoxing" title="Treaty of Shaoxing">ceded</a> all of northern China, including Henan. The Song government moved its capital to <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a> in Southern China, which, under the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a> (1127–1279) continued to enjoy relative economic and culture prosperity. A prolonged period of peace and cultural and economic prosperity in the Yangtze delta <i><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a></i> region (modern southern <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>, and Shanghai) made this the new center of Chinese culture and economy. </p><p>Kaifeng served as the Jurchen's "southern capital" from 1157 (other sources say 1161) and was reconstructed during this time.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the Jurchen kept their main capital further north, until 1214, when they were forced to move the imperial court southwards to Kaifeng in order to flee the <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> onslaught. In 1234 they succumbed to combined Mongol and <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> forces. Mongols took control, and in 1279 they conquered all of China, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> and set up the equivalent of modern Henan, with borders very similar to the modern ones. Neither its territories nor its role in the economy changed under later dynasties. Henan remained important in the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644) and <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1644–1911) that followed, though its economy slowly deteriorated due to frequent natural disasters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Qing dynasty was overthrown by the 1911 Revolution and then the Republic of China was established in 1912,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which a man from Henan, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a>, played an important role and thus he became the first president of Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction and extension of the <a href="/wiki/Pinghan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinghan Railway">Pinghan Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longhai_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai Railway">Longhai Railway</a> had turned <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, a minor county town at the time, into a major transportation hub. Despite the rise of Zhengzhou, Henan's overall economy repeatedly stumbled as it was the hardest hit by the many disasters that struck China in its modern era. </p><p>Henan suffered greatly during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>. In 1938, when the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> captured Kaifeng, the government led by <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> bombed the <a href="/wiki/Huayuankou,_Henan" title="Huayuankou, Henan">Huayuankou</a> dam in Zhengzhou in order to prevent Japanese forces from advancing further.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this caused massive flooding in Henan, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. In 1942 Henan was hit by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942-43" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese famine of 1942-43">a great famine</a> resulting from a mix of drought, locusts and destruction caused by the war.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954, the new government of the People's Republic of China moved the capital of Henan from Kaifeng to <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a result of its economic importance. The PRC had earlier established a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Pingyuan_Province" title="Pingyuan Province">Pingyuan Province</a> consisting of what is now northern Henan and western <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> with <a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a> as its capital. This province was abolished in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1958, Yashan in <a href="/wiki/Suiping_County" title="Suiping County">Suiping County</a>, Henan, became the first <a href="/wiki/People%27s_commune" title="People's commune">people's commune</a> of China, heralding the beginning of the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the subsequent famines of the early 1960s popularly attributed to the Great Leap Forward, Henan was one of the hardest hit and millions of people died.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (January 2016)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> Suffering under famine and economic chaos caused by the Great Leap, locals in Henan offered low-level resistance mostly through banditry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERummel1991247–248_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERummel1991247–248-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1959, however, <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Soldier_rebellion_(1959)" title="Spirit Soldier rebellion (1959)">a full peasant uprising</a> erupted and was only defeated after twenty days of fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2015346_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2015346-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A destructive flooding of the <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a> in the summer of 1950 prompted large-scale construction of dams on its tributaries in central and southern Henan. Unfortunately, many of the dams were not able to withstand the extraordinarily high levels of rainfall caused by <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Nina_(1975)" title="Typhoon Nina (1975)">Typhoon Nina</a> in August 1975. Sixty-two dams, the largest of which was the <a href="/wiki/Banqiao_Dam" title="Banqiao Dam">Banqiao Dam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Biyang_County" title="Biyang County">Biyang County</a> collapsed; catastrophic flooding, spread over several counties throughout <a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a> Prefecture and further downstream, killed at least 26,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-yi_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yi-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-After_30_years,_secrets,_lessons_of_China's_worst_dams_burst_accident_surface_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-After_30_years,_secrets,_lessons_of_China's_worst_dams_burst_accident_surface-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unofficial human life loss estimates, including deaths from the ensuing epidemics and famine, range as high as 85,600,<sup id="cite_ref-yi_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yi-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 171,000<sup id="cite_ref-osnos_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osnos-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even 230 000.<sup id="cite_ref-yi_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yi-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is considered the most deadly dam-related disaster in human history.<sup id="cite_ref-yi_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yi-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 1970s, China was one of the poorest countries in the world, and Henan was one of the poorest provinces in China.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, however, when the communist leader <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> initiated the <a href="/wiki/Open_door_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Open door policy">open door policy</a> and embraced capitalism, China entered an economic boom that continues today. The boom did not reach inland provinces such as Henan initially, but by the 1990s Henan's economy was expanding at an even faster rate than that of China overall. </p><p>In November 2004, martial law was declared in <a href="/wiki/Zhongmou_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongmou County">Zhongmou County</a>, Henan, to quell deadly ethnic clashes between Han and <a href="/wiki/Hui_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hui Chinese">Hui Chinese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reported number of deaths ranged between 7 and 148. </p><p>In July 2021, high amounts of rainfall caused <a href="/wiki/2021_Henan_floods" title="2021 Henan floods">flooding</a>, killing 302 and damaging amounting to 82 billion yuan.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024 there was the <a href="/wiki/Yingcai_Boarding_School_fire" title="Yingcai Boarding School fire">Yingcai Boarding School fire</a> in the dormitory of a primary <a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dushu_(town)" title="Dushu (town)">Dushu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fire resulted in one injury and the deaths of at least 13 third-grade students between nine and ten years old.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same month also the <a href="/wiki/2024_Pingdingshan_mining_explosion" title="2024 Pingdingshan mining explosion">2024 Pingdingshan mining explosion</a> occurred. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luoyang_-_Boddhisatvas_at_Longmen_Grotto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Luoyang_-_Boddhisatvas_at_Longmen_Grotto.jpg/220px-Luoyang_-_Boddhisatvas_at_Longmen_Grotto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Luoyang_-_Boddhisatvas_at_Longmen_Grotto.jpg/330px-Luoyang_-_Boddhisatvas_at_Longmen_Grotto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Luoyang_-_Boddhisatvas_at_Longmen_Grotto.jpg/440px-Luoyang_-_Boddhisatvas_at_Longmen_Grotto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a> in Luoyang</figcaption></figure> <p>Henan has a diverse landscape with floodplains in the east and mountains in the west. Much of the province forms part the densely populated <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>, an area known as the "breadbasket of China". The <a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a> intrude partially into Henan's northwestern borders from <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, forming the eastern edge of <a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a>. To the west the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xionger_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xionger Mountains (page does not exist)">Xionger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Funiu_Mountains" title="Funiu Mountains">Funiu Mountains</a> form an extensive network of mountain ranges and plateaus, supporting one of the few remaining <a href="/wiki/Temperate_deciduous_forest" title="Temperate deciduous forest">temperate deciduous forests</a> which once covered all of Henan. The renowned <a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Mount Song</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Temple">Shaolin Temple</a> is located in the far east of the region, near the capital city Zhengzhou. To the far south, the <a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountains" title="Dabie Mountains">Dabie Mountains</a> divides <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> from Henan. The <a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Basin" title="Nanyang Basin">Nanyang Basin</a>, separated from North China Plain by these mountains, is another important agricultural and population center, with culture and history distinct from the rest of Henan and closer to that of Hubei's. Unlike the rest of northern China, <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a> is not a problem in Henan, though sandstorms are common in cities near the Yellow River due to the large amount of sand present in the river. At 2413.8 meters above sea level, the highest point in Henan province is Laoyachanao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">老鸦岔垴</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yellow River passes through central Henan. It enters from the northwest, via the <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia_Reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanmenxia Reservoir">Sanmenxia Reservoir</a>. After it passes Luoyang, the mountains gave way to plains. Excessive amount of sediments are formed due to the silt it picks up from the Loess Plateau, raising the river bed and causing frequent floods which shaped the habitat of the region. More recently however, construction of dams and <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levees</a>, as well as the depletion of water resources have ended the floods. The <a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a> in southern Henan is another important river, and has been recognized as part of the boundary dividing <a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">northern and southern Chinese climate and culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henan shares borders with six other provinces. It is bordered to the west by <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, to the south by <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, and to the north by <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> (northwest) and <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> (northeast). To the east lie <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> (northeast) and <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> (southeast), whose borders meet at a narrow strip of land which separates Henan from <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> to the east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henan has a <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> climate that is <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cwa</i> or <i>Cfa</i>) to the south of the Yellow River and bordering on <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid continental">humid continental</a> (Köppen <i>Dwa</i>) to the north. It has a distinct seasonal climate characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>, and generally cool to cold, windy, dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian <a href="/wiki/Anticyclone" title="Anticyclone">anticyclone</a>. Temperatures average around the freezing mark in January and 27 to 28 °C in July. A great majority of the annual rainfall occurs during the summer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Henan" title="List of administrative divisions of Henan">List of administrative divisions of Henan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Henan" title="List of township-level divisions of Henan">List of township-level divisions of Henan</a></div> <p>Henan is divided into seventeen <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level division">prefecture-level divisions</a>: all <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level cities</a>; along with one directly administered <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Sub-prefecture-level_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-prefecture-level city">sub-prefecture-level city</a>): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Administrative divisions of Henan </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="font-size:larger"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 630px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Administrative_Division_Henan.svg/630px-Administrative_Division_Henan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="630" height="601" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Administrative_Division_Henan.svg/945px-Administrative_Division_Henan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Administrative_Division_Henan.svg/1260px-Administrative_Division_Henan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1001" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:294px; top:208px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:396px; top:214px"><b><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:150px; top:244px"><b><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:304px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:384px; top:40px"><b><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:378px; top:79px"><b><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:342px; top:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:261px; top:148px"><b><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:468px; top:67px"><b><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:324px; top:271px"><b><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:336px; top:322px"><b><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:36px; top:223px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:400px"><b><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:516px; top:244px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:432px; top:511px"><b><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:438px; top:316px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:354px; top:409px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:186px; top:154px"><b><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:54px; top:52px"><span style="color: #CCFF99;"><b>█</b></span> <span style="color: grey;"><b>Provincial administered<br />county-level divisions</b></span></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Division </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area in km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-nj2013_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj2013-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population 2020<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3">Divisions<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;"><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a>* </th> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">Counties</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="width:45px;"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">CL cities</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>410000</th> <th>Henan Province </th> <td>167,000.00</td> <td>99,366,019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> city</td> <td>54</td> <td>82</td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <th>410100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> city </th> <td>7,532.56</td> <td>12,600,574</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan District">Zhongyuan District</a></td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <th>410200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> city </th> <td>6,260.95</td> <td>4,824,016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Kaifeng">Gulou District</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>410300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> city </th> <td>15,229.83</td> <td>7,056,699</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luolong District">Luolong District</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>7</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>410400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a> city </th> <td>7,909.42</td> <td>4,987,137</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_District,_Pingdingshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua District, Pingdingshan">Xinhua District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>410500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a> city </th> <td>7,354.11</td> <td>5,477,614</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiguan District">Beiguan District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>410600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a> city </th> <td>2,136.85</td> <td>1,565,973</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qibin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibin District">Qibin District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>410700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a> city </th> <td>8,249.45</td> <td>6,251,929</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weibin_District,_Xinxiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Weibin District, Xinxiang">Weibin District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>410800</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a> city </th> <td>4,000.89</td> <td>3,521,078</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiefang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiefang District">Jiefang District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>410900</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a> city </th> <td>4,187.90</td> <td>3,772,088</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hualong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hualong District">Hualong District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>411000</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a> city </th> <td>4,978.36</td> <td>4,379,998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weidu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidu District">Weidu District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>411100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a> city </th> <td>6,260.95</td> <td>2,367,490</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yancheng_District,_Luohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yancheng District, Luohe">Yancheng District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>411200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a> city </th> <td>9,936.65</td> <td>2,034,872</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hubin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubin District">Hubin District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>411300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a> city </th> <td>26,508.69</td> <td>9,713,112</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolong District">Wolong District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>411400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a> city </th> <td>10,700.23</td> <td>7,816,831</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liangyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangyuan District">Liangyuan District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>411500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a> city </th> <td>18,908.27</td> <td>6,234,401</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shihe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihe District">Shihe District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>8</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>411600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a> city </th> <td>11,959.40</td> <td>9,026,015</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuanhui District">Chuanhui District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>7</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>411700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a> city </th> <td>15,095.30</td> <td>7,008,427</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_District,_Zhumadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Yicheng District, Zhumadian">Yicheng District</a></td> <td>1</td> <td>9</td> <td style="background:gray;"> </td></tr> <tr style="background:lightgrey; height: 2pt"> <td colspan="13"> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow"> <th>419001</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a> city** </th> <td>1,893.76</td> <td>727,765</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinyuan_Subdistrict,_Jiyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinyuan Subdistrict, Jiyuan (page does not exist)"><i>Qinyuan Subdistrict</i></a></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td style="background:gray;"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11">* – including <a href="/wiki/District_(China)#Ethnic_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Ethnic districts</a><br /> <p>** – Directly administered county-level divisions (Jiyuan was formerly part of <a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a>) </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Henan Province</b></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">河南省</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hénán Shěng</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">郑州市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zhèngzhōu Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">开封市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Kāifēng Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洛阳市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Luòyáng Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">平顶山市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Píngdǐngshān Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">安阳市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Ānyáng Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鹤壁市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hèbì Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">新乡市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xīnxiāng Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">焦作市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jiāozuò Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">濮阳市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Púyáng Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">许昌市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xǔchāng Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">漯河市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Luòhé Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">三门峡市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Sānménxiá Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">南阳市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Nányáng Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">商丘市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shāngqiū Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">信阳市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Xìnyáng Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">周口市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zhōukǒu Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">驻马店市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zhùmǎdiàn Shì</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">济源市</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jìyuán Shì</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These 17 prefecture-level cities and one directly administered <a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a> of Henan are in turn subdivided into 157 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">county-level divisions</a> (54 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>, 21 <a href="/wiki/County-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level cities">county-level cities</a>, and 82 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Sub-prefecture-level_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-prefecture-level city">sub-prefecture-level city</a> of Jiyuan is counted as a county-level city here). Those are in turn divided into 2454 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">township-level divisions</a> (1181 <a href="/wiki/Town_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Town of China">towns</a>, 598 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Townships of the People's Republic of China">townships</a>, twelve <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_township" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic township">ethnic townships</a>, and 663 <a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities </th></tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>City</th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #aaffaa;">District area<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #ffaaaa;">City proper<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Census date </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></b></td> <td>3,677,032</td> <td>4,253,913</td> <td>8,627,089</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></td> <td>1,584,463</td> <td>1,926,079</td> <td>6,549,941</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></td> <td>918,078</td> <td>1,047,088</td> <td>5,708,191</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></td> <td>908,129</td> <td>1,146,839</td> <td>5,173,188</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></td> <td>899,899</td> <td>1,811,812</td> <td>10,263,660</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></td> <td>855,130</td> <td>1,034,042</td> <td>4,904,701</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kaifeng_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaifeng-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>725,573</td> <td>896,117</td> <td>4,676,483</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(7)</td> <td>Kaifeng <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Kaifeng_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaifeng-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>168,569</td> <td>698,799</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Kaifeng</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></td> <td>702,527</td> <td>865,413</td> <td>3,540,101</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></td> <td>625,302</td> <td>1,230,042</td> <td>6,109,106</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></td> <td>618,549</td> <td>1,536,392</td> <td>7,362,975</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></td> <td>575,956</td> <td>1,294,974</td> <td>2,544,266</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></td> <td>477,659</td> <td>634,721</td> <td>1,569,208</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a><sup id="cite_ref-Xuchang_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xuchang-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>466,341</td> <td>498,087</td> <td>4,307,488</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(13)</td> <td>Xuchang <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Xuchang_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xuchang-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>208,168</td> <td>767,449</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Xuchang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></td> <td>465,980</td> <td>655,674</td> <td>3,598,740</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></td> <td>447,559</td> <td>721,723</td> <td>7,231,234</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></td> <td>415,082</td> <td>1,468,157</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Nanyang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></td> <td>414,312</td> <td>1,240,382</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Shangqiu</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></td> <td>372,815</td> <td>1,131,896</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Xuchang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></td> <td>366,265</td> <td>807,911</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhengzhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></td> <td>359,148</td> <td>797,256</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhengzhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></td> <td>355,449</td> <td>1,003,698</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhoukou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></td> <td>337,356</td> <td>758,128</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhengzhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></td> <td>334,697</td> <td>675,757</td> <td>675,757</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></td> <td>321,755</td> <td>789,702</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Anyang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></td> <td>308,360</td> <td>505,171</td> <td>8,953,793</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></td> <td>300,743</td> <td>666,696</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Luoyang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></td> <td>296,913</td> <td>927,934</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Pingdingshan</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></td> <td>293,028</td> <td>668,637</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhengzhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sanmenxia_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanmenxia-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>285,153</td> <td>325,628</td> <td>2,234,018</td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightyellow" class="sortbottom"> <td>(29)</td> <td>Sanmenxia <span style="font-size:85%;">(new district)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Sanmenxia_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanmenxia-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>118,388</td> <td>343,679</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Sanmenxia</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></td> <td>281,578</td> <td>687,130</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Xuchang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></td> <td>269,655</td> <td>613,804</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Zhengzhou</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></td> <td>261,767</td> <td>740,435</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Xinxiang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></td> <td>231,101</td> <td>721,049</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Sanmenxia</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></td> <td>223,647</td> <td>367,113</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jiaozuo</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></td> <td>167,454</td> <td>495,744</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Xinxiang</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></td> <td>147,521</td> <td>313,828</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Pingdingshan</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></td> <td>138,393</td> <td>447,701</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jiaozuo</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></td> <td>136,461</td> <td>144,779</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Sanmenxia</i></span></td> <td>2010-11-01 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Henan</b>; <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɜː/: r-less 'ur' in 'nurse'">ɜː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">河南</span>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">alternatively</a> <b>Honan</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaifeng-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaifeng_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaifeng_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Xiangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfu District">Xiangfu (Kaifeng County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Xuchang-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Xuchang_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Xuchang_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Jian%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jian'an District">Jian'an (Xuchang County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanmenxia-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanmenxia_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanmenxia_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after census: <a href="/wiki/Shanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanzhou District">Shanzhou (Shanxian County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Most populous cities in Henan</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source: <i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i> Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhengdong_CBD_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zhengzhou"><img alt="Zhengzhou" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Zhengdong_CBD_01.jpg/120px-Zhengdong_CBD_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Zhengdong_CBD_01.jpg/180px-Zhengdong_CBD_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Zhengdong_CBD_01.jpg/240px-Zhengdong_CBD_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3636" data-file-height="2424" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luo_River_Luoyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luoyang"><img alt="Luoyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Luo_River_Luoyang.jpg/120px-Luo_River_Luoyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Luo_River_Luoyang.jpg/180px-Luo_River_Luoyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Luo_River_Luoyang.jpg/240px-Luo_River_Luoyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,261,900</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">610,300 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%97%E9%98%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E7%BF%A0%E6%B9%96%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_-_manoen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nanyang"><img alt="Nanyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E5%8D%97%E9%98%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E7%BF%A0%E6%B9%96%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_-_manoen.jpg/120px-%E5%8D%97%E9%98%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E7%BF%A0%E6%B9%96%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_-_manoen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E5%8D%97%E9%98%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E7%BF%A0%E6%B9%96%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_-_manoen.jpg/180px-%E5%8D%97%E9%98%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E7%BF%A0%E6%B9%96%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_-_manoen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%E5%8D%97%E9%98%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E7%BF%A0%E6%B9%96%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_-_manoen.jpg/240px-%E5%8D%97%E9%98%B3%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%B0%E7%BF%A0%E6%B9%96%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD_-_panoramio_-_manoen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%BA%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%85%89_-_panoramio_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaifeng"><img alt="Kaifeng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%BA%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%85%89_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/120px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%BA%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%85%89_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%BA%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%85%89_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/180px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%BA%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%85%89_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%BA%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%85%89_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/240px-%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%81%E5%BA%9C%E9%A3%8E%E5%85%89_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,359,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">609,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,604,700</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">565,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,023,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">513,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">964,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">494,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">964,500</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">490,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">801,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">466,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">789,600</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">434,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">760,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">431,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">611,400</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">410,000 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1912<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">28,518,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1928<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,566,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936–37<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">34,290,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1947<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">29,654,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−13.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1954<sup id="cite_ref-census1954_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1954-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">44,214,594</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+49.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964<sup id="cite_ref-census1964_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1964-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,325,511</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<sup id="cite_ref-census1982_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1982-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,422,739</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+47.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990<sup id="cite_ref-census1990_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1990-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,509,535</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000<sup id="cite_ref-census2000_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2000-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">91,236,854</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010<sup id="cite_ref-census2010_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2010-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">94,023,567</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.1%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With a population of approximately 93.6 million, Henan is the third most populous Chinese province after Guangdong and Shandong. It is also the fifth most populous sub-national division in the world. If it were a country by itself, it would be the twelfth most populous in the world, just behind Mexico and ahead of the Philippines. However, the <a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">hukou system</a> shows Henan as the most populous province in China with over 103 million people, as it counts the migrant Henanese laborers as residents of Henan, instead of the province they currently reside in. On the other hand, Guangdong is shown as having only 81 million people, though the actual population is 95 million due to the influx of migrants from other provinces. </p><p>The population is highly homogeneous with 98.8% of the population being <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>. Small populations of <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchus">Manchus</a> exists in scattered rural communities as well as major urban centers. Along with <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>, Henan has one of the most unbalanced gender ratios in China. As a result of the Chinese government's <a href="/wiki/One-child_policy" title="One-child policy">one-child policy</a> (many parents do not want the only child to be female and abort the fetus), the gender ratio was 118.46 males for 100 females in 2000. Subsequently, aborting fetuses due to their female sex was banned in Henan and heavy fines are issued for those who violate the law. In addition, daughter-only families receive an annual allowance from the government.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these efforts the problem seems to have become far worse. Based on a 2009 British Medical Journal study, the ratio is over 140 boys for every 100 girls in the 1–4 age group;<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this might be a strong exaggeration, as many families with more than one child do not register their daughters to the hukou in order to escape fines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:GreenYellow; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1133.887355271px; border-left-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 833.67445855041px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 196.26105055051px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 83.79106495049px; border-left-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Henan (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-CFPS2012_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;"> </span> Non religious and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">traditional faiths</a> (86.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> (6.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a> (5.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in China">Catholic</a> (0.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam</a> (1.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:GreenYellow; color:black;"> </span> Others (0.2%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to a 2012 survey<sup id="cite_ref-CFPS2012_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only around 13% of the population of Henan belongs to organised religions, the largest groups being <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhists</a> with 6.4%, followed by <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestants</a> with 5.6%, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Muslims</a> with 1.3% and <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in China">Catholics</a> with 0.5%. Henan has some important centres of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a> and the famous <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a>. </p><p>Henan has also the largest <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Henan" title="Christianity in Henan">Christian population</a> by numbers and percentage of any province of China,<sup id="cite_ref-CFPS2012_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6.1% of the province's population as of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, corresponding to approximately 7 million Christians. A 2009 survey reported the share of Christians to be 9.33%.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Communist officials demolished the <a href="/wiki/True_Jesus_Church_(Caidu)" title="True Jesus Church (Caidu)">True Jesus Church</a> near Zhumadian.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Communist officials demolished the <a href="/wiki/Sunzhuang_Church" title="Sunzhuang Church">Sunzhuang Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 86% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">worship of nature deities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">folk religious sects</a> (for example, a sect that is endogenous to Henan is the <a href="/wiki/Tianxian_miaodao" title="Tianxian miaodao">Tianxian miaodao</a>). According to a 2007 survey, approximately 8% of the Henanese believe in and are involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral religion">ancestor veneration</a>, the traditional Chinese religion of the lineages organised into <a href="/wiki/Lineage_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lineage church">lineage churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_shrine" title="Ancestral shrine">ancestral shrines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang2015_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang2015-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:616px;max-width:616px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%85%89%E7%85%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E7%89%8C%E5%8C%BE_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%85%89%E7%85%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E7%89%8C%E5%8C%BE_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg/150px-%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%85%89%E7%85%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E7%89%8C%E5%8C%BE_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%85%89%E7%85%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E7%89%8C%E5%8C%BE_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg/225px-%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%85%89%E7%85%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E7%89%8C%E5%8C%BE_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%85%89%E7%85%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E7%89%8C%E5%8C%BE_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg/300px-%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97%E5%85%89%E7%85%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E7%89%8C%E5%8C%BE_%E8%A1%8C%E6%91%84%E6%A2%93%E5%9C%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Detail with incense burner at the Guanlin, Temple Mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guandi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Temple_in_White_Horse_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Indian_Temple_in_White_Horse_Temple.jpg/150px-Indian_Temple_in_White_Horse_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Indian_Temple_in_White_Horse_Temple.jpg/225px-Indian_Temple_in_White_Horse_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Indian_Temple_in_White_Horse_Temple.jpg/300px-Indian_Temple_in_White_Horse_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="987" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Indian style pavilion of the <a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a>, the first Buddhist temple in China.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_god_temple_in_Anyang.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/City_god_temple_in_Anyang.JPG/150px-City_god_temple_in_Anyang.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/City_god_temple_in_Anyang.JPG/225px-City_god_temple_in_Anyang.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/City_god_temple_in_Anyang.JPG/300px-City_god_temple_in_Anyang.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Temple of the <a href="/wiki/Chenghuangshen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenghuangshen">Chenghuangshen</a> (City God) of <a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a>.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spring_Temple_Buddha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Spring_Temple_Buddha.png/150px-Spring_Temple_Buddha.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Spring_Temple_Buddha.png/225px-Spring_Temple_Buddha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Spring_Temple_Buddha.png/300px-Spring_Temple_Buddha.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Spring_Temple_Buddha" title="Spring Temple Buddha">Zhongyuan Buddha</a> (Great Buddha of the Central Plains) of the Temple of the Spring in <a href="/wiki/Lushan_County,_Henan" title="Lushan County, Henan">Lushan</a> is currently the second <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_statues" title="List of tallest statues">tallest statue</a> in the world.</div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Henan" title="Politics of Henan">Politics of Henan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Chinese_provincial_leaders" title="List of current Chinese provincial leaders">List of current Chinese provincial leaders</a></div> <p>The Government of Henan is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Henan" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Henan">Governor of Henan</a> is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Henan. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Henan <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Henan <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Party Chief</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_near_Caizhai,_Xiping,_Zhumadian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/View_near_Caizhai%2C_Xiping%2C_Zhumadian.jpg/220px-View_near_Caizhai%2C_Xiping%2C_Zhumadian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/View_near_Caizhai%2C_Xiping%2C_Zhumadian.jpg/330px-View_near_Caizhai%2C_Xiping%2C_Zhumadian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/View_near_Caizhai%2C_Xiping%2C_Zhumadian.jpg/440px-View_near_Caizhai%2C_Xiping%2C_Zhumadian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3207" data-file-height="2405" /></a><figcaption>Farmland in <a href="/wiki/Xiping_County" title="Xiping County">Xiping County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Henan has seen rapid development in its economy over the past two decades, and its economy has expanded at an even faster rate than the national average of 10%. This rapid growth has transformed Henan from one of the poorest provinces to one that matches other central provinces. </p><p>Henan is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">5th-largest provincial economy</a> of China, the second largest in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> after Guangdong, the largest in <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central China</a> and the largest among inland provinces, with a nominal GDP of 5.88 trillion RMB (US$926 billion) as of 2021, ahead of the GDP of Turkey of 815 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If it were a country, it would be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">18th-largest economy</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">14th most populous</a> as of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">per capita GDP</a> is low compared to other eastern and central provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henan is a semi-industrialized economy with an underdeveloped <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a>. Agriculture has traditionally been a pillar of its economy, with the nation's highest wheat and <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> output and second highest rice output, earning its reputation as the breadbasket of China. Henan is also an important producer of beef, cotton, maize, pork, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Animal oil (page does not exist)">animal oil</a>, and corn. </p><p>Although Henan's industry has traditionally been based on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_textiles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light textiles (page does not exist)">light textiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a>, recent developments have diversified the industry sector to <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>, petrol, cement, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_China" title="Mining industry of China">Mining-related industries</a> are a major part of Henan's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 23">: 23 </span></sup> Henan has the second largest <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> reserves in the world. Coal, aluminum, <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline metals">alkaline metals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a> are also present in large amounts in western Henan. Henan houses some of the biggest <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> reserves in China estimated over 24 billion tons.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Export and processing of these materials is one of the main sources of revenues. </p><p>Henan has planned its economy around the provincial capital of Zhengzhou, and it is hoped that the province may become an important transportation and manufacturing hub in the years to come.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2021, <a href="/wiki/2021_Henan_floods" title="2021 Henan floods">extreme flooding</a> inflicted an estimated US$12.7 billion<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of economic damage in Henan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This section has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Henan" title="Special:EditPage/Henan">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Henan" title="Talk:Henan">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Henan" title="Special:EditPage/Henan">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Henan has some of the most advanced transportation system in China due to its flat terrain and its location at the heart of <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_Central_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Rise of Central China">central China's construction boom</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jingguang_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingguang Railway">Jingguang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longhai_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai Railway">Longhai Railway</a>, the nation's two most important railways, run through much of the province and intersect at <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>. Other railway hubs such as <a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a> have also become important centers of trade and manufacturing as a result. Zhengzhou is also an important hub of China's <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed railway</a> network with railway lines connecting the city from 8 directions with all preferecture-level cities in Henan and other important cities in the country. <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_East_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengzhou East Railway Station">Zhengzhou East Railway Station</a> is one of the largest high speed railway stations in China and the world. Henan's expressway system is highly developed and the total length is approximately 5,000 km (3,100 mi), the highest total for any Chinese province. The state of air transport is less stellar, the only 3 public airports are located in <a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a> (near Zhengzhou), <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_culture" title="Zhongyuan culture">Zhongyuan culture</a></div> <ul><li>Most of Henan speaks dialects of the <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> group of dialects spoken in northern and southwestern China. Linguists put these dialects into the category of "<a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a>". The northwestern corner of Henan is an exception, where people speak <a href="/wiki/Jin_Chinese" title="Jin Chinese">Jin</a> dialects instead. The dialects of Henan are collectively called "the <a href="/wiki/Henan_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Henan dialect">Henan dialect</a>" in popular usage, with easily identifiable stereotypical features.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_opera" class="mw-redirect" title="Yu opera">Yu opera</a> is the local form of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_opera" title="Chinese opera">Chinese opera</a>; it is also well-known and popular across the rest of China. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan_Quju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henan Quju (page does not exist)">Henan Quju</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan_Yuediao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henan Yuediao (page does not exist)">Henan Yuediao</a> are also important local opera forms.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Henan cuisine</a> is the local cuisine, with traditions such as the <a href="/wiki/Water_Banquet" title="Water Banquet">Luoyang Shuixi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a> "Water Table", consisting entirely of various soups, etc.); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinyang_Duncai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinyang Duncai (page does not exist)">Xinyang Duncai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a> brewed vegetables), and the traditional <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaifeng_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaifeng cuisine (page does not exist)">Kaifeng cuisine</a>.</li> <li>Important traditional art and craft products include: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junci (page does not exist)">Junci</a>, a type of porcelain originating in <a href="/wiki/Yuzhou_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhou City">Yuzhou</a> noted for its unpredictable colour patterns; the <a href="/wiki/Jade_carving" class="mw-redirect" title="Jade carving">jade carvings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zhenping_County,_Henan" title="Zhenping County, Henan">Zhenping</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tangsancai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangsancai">Tangsancai</a> ("Tang Three Colours"), which are earthenware figurines made in the traditional style of the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henan is located in the Yellow River valley where ancient people lived. Intricate pottery, writing and musical instruments of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peiligang_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peiligang Culture (page does not exist)">Peiligang Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yangshao_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Yangshao Culture">Yangshao Culture</a> arose during <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic</a> times. Three of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Ancient_Capitals_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Ancient Capitals of China">Seven Ancient Capitals of China</a> are in Henan: <a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a>. 16 historical sites in Henan are <a href="/wiki/Major_Historical_and_Cultural_Site_Protected_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level">protected at the national level</a> and 267 more at the provincial level. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteHorseTemple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/WhiteHorseTemple.jpg/220px-WhiteHorseTemple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/WhiteHorseTemple.jpg/330px-WhiteHorseTemple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/WhiteHorseTemple.jpg/440px-WhiteHorseTemple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baligou" title="Baligou">Baligou</a> in Xinxiang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaocheng_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory">Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory</a> in Dengfeng, the oldest astronomical observatory in China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a>, near Luoyang, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> since 2000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Jigong" title="Mount Jigong">Mount Jigong</a>, on the southern border.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mangdang" title="Mount Mangdang">Mount Mangdang</a> in Shangqiu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Mount Song</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a>, one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Temple">Shaolin Temple</a>, on Mount Song.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyue_Pagoda" title="Songyue Pagoda">Songyue Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a> in Luoyang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinxu" title="Yinxu">Yinxu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youguo_Temple" title="Youguo Temple">Youguo Temple</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Pagoda" title="Iron Pagoda">Iron Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuntai_Mountain_(Henan)" title="Yuntai Mountain (Henan)">Yuntai Mountain</a> in Jiaozuo</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Henan" title="List of universities and colleges in Henan">List of universities and colleges in Henan</a></div> <p>Henan is considered one of China's leading provinces in education. The province hosts more than 156 higher education institutions, ranking first in the <a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central China</a> region, ranked second in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central China</a> after <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> and third among all Chinese provinces/municipalities after <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, three major cities in the province ranked in the top 200 cities in the world (<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> 76th, <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a> 154th and <a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a> 195th) by scientific research output, as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with Jiangsu, Henan is one of only two Chinese provinces with at least three major cities that are among the top 200 in the world by scientific research output.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Auditorium_of_Henan_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Auditorium_of_Henan_University.jpg/220px-Auditorium_of_Henan_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Auditorium_of_Henan_University.jpg/330px-Auditorium_of_Henan_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Auditorium_of_Henan_University.jpg/440px-Auditorium_of_Henan_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2356" /></a><figcaption>Henan University</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anyang_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anyang Institute of Technology (page does not exist)">Anyang Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Agricultural_University" title="Henan Agricultural University">Henan Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_College_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Medical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Henan Medical University">Henan Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Normal_University" title="Henan Normal University">Henan Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Polytechnic_University" title="Henan Polytechnic University">Henan Polytechnic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University_of_Economics_and_Law" title="Henan University of Economics and Law">Henan University of Economics and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Henan University of Science and Technology">Henan University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University_of_Technology" title="Henan University of Technology">Henan University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghe_Science_and_Technology_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanghe Science and Technology University">Huanghe Science and Technology University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Luoyang Institute of Technology">Luoyang Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Institute_of_Technology" title="Nanyang Institute of Technology">Nanyang Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanyang_Teachers_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanyang Teachers College (page does not exist)">Nanyang Teachers College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_University_of_Water_Resources_and_Electric_Power" title="North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power">North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pingdingshan_Normal_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pingdingshan Normal College (page does not exist)">Pingdingshan Normal College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shangqiu_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shangqiu College (page does not exist)">Shangqiu College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu_Normal_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangqiu Normal College">Shangqiu Normal College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sias_University" title="Sias University">Sias University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinxiang_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinxiang College (page does not exist)">Xinxiang College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang_Medical_University" title="Xinxiang Medical University">Xinxiang Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhengzhou_Grain_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhengzhou Grain College (page does not exist)">Zhengzhou Grain College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Institute_of_Aeronautical_Industry_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management">Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Textile_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhengzhou Textile Institute">Zhengzhou Textile Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_University_of_Light_Industry" title="Zhengzhou University of Light Industry">Zhengzhou University of Light Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhengzhou_University_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhengzhou University of Technology (page does not exist)">Zhengzhou University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_University" title="Zhengzhou University">Zhengzhou University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Institute of Technology">Zhongyuan Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_individuals">Notable individuals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable individuals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Henan" title="Special:EditPage/Henan">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Henan%22">"Henan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Henan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Henan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Henan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Henan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Henan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Sheng" title="Chen Sheng">Chen Sheng</a>, (known in some sources as Chen She) and <a href="/wiki/Wu_Guang" title="Wu Guang">Wu Guang</a> (both died 209 BC or 208 BC), leaders of the first rebellion against Qin dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Zhong" title="Chen Zhong">Chen Zhong</a>, Olympic gold medalist in <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Hao" title="Cheng Hao">Cheng Hao</a> (1032–1085) and brother <a href="/wiki/Cheng_Yi_(philosopher)" title="Cheng Yi (philosopher)">Cheng Yi</a> (1033–1107), <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucianism" title="Neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucian</a> philosophers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Ai" title="Deng Ai">Deng Ai</a> (?−264), an officer of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Yaping" title="Deng Yaping">Deng Yaping</a> (born 5 February 1973), four-time Olympic gold medalist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Fu" title="Du Fu">Du Fu</a> (712–770), considered one of the greatest of Chinese poets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Wei_(footballer)" title="Du Wei (footballer)">Du Wei</a> (born 9 February 1982), professional football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Zhen" title="Fan Zhen">Fan Zhen</a> (c. 450–515), a Chinese philosopher of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Qi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Qi dynasty">Southern Qi dynasty</a>, remembered today for the treatise <i>Shen Mie Lun</i> (<i>On the Annihilation of the Soul</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Yi" title="Feng Yi">Feng Yi</a>, a general of the Eastern <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Youlan" title="Feng Youlan">Feng Youlan</a> (1895–1990), philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Yaojie" title="Gao Yaojie">Gao Yaojie</a>, medical doctor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_Xin%27ai" title="Ge Xin'ai">Ge Xin'ai</a> (born 30 June 1953) <a href="/wiki/Table_Tennis" class="mw-redirect" title="Table Tennis">Table Tennis</a> World Champion (1975, 1977, 1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Fei" title="Han Fei">Han Fei</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 280</span>–233 BC), <a href="/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Legalism (Chinese philosophy)">Legalist</a> philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Yu" title="Han Yu">Han Yu</a> (768–824), one of China's best known prose writers and poets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_Shi" title="Hui Shi">Hui Shi</a> (380 BC−?), philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Aoqi" title="Jia Aoqi">Jia Aoqi</a>, sanshou fighter and professional kickboxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Yi" title="Jia Yi">Jia Yi</a>, a Chinese poet and statesman of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_Hongxing" title="Kong Hongxing">Kong Hongxing</a>, sanshou fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Zi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao Zi">Lao Zi</a> (Lao Tzu: dates uncertain), founder of <a href="/wiki/Daoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Daoism">Daoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shangyin" title="Li Shangyin">Li Shangyin</a> (813–858), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Tang_(painter)" title="Li Tang (painter)">Li Tang</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1080</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1130</span>), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Jun_(activist)" title="Liang Jun (activist)">Liang Jun</a> (born 1945), teacher and women's rights activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lie_Yukou" title="Lie Yukou">Lie Yukou</a> (c. 4th century BC), Daoist philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Guoliang" title="Liu Guoliang">Liu Guoliang</a>, member of the Chinese table tennis team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mo Zi</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Mohism" title="Mohism">Mohism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruan_Ji" title="Ruan Ji">Ruan Ji</a> (210–263), poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Yi" title="Sima Yi">Sima Yi</a> (179–251), a general, military strategist, and politician of <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Qin" title="Su Qin">Su Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_of_Shang" title="Tang of Shang">Shang Tang</a>, the first ruling king of the <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Rui" title="Wei Rui">Wei Rui</a>, sanshou fighter and professional kickboxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Shen" title="Xu Shen">Xu Shen</a> (c.58−c. 147), editor of the <a href="/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi" title="Shuowen Jiezi">Shuowen Jiezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Shu" title="Xu Shu">Xu Shu</a> one of <a href="/wiki/Liu_Bei" title="Liu Bei">Liu Bei</a>'s advisors during the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> period of China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuan_Ni" title="Xuan Ni">Xuan Ni</a>, greatly admired official of the Ming Dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_You" title="Xun You">Xun You</a> an advisor to Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_Yu" title="Xun Yu">Xun Yu</a> (styled-named Wenruo), an advisor to <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a> during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> (1859–1916), second <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">President of the Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shizhong" title="Yuan Shizhong">Yuan Shizhong</a>, (died 1643), rebel leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yue_Fei" title="Yue Fei">Yue Fei</a> (1103–1142), a noted Chinese patriot and general who fought for the Southern Song dynasty against the Jurchen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Heng" title="Zhang Heng">Zhang Heng</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>, mathematician, inventor, <a href="/wiki/Geographer" title="Geographer">geographer</a>, artist, poet, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/statesman" class="extiw" title="wikt:statesman">statesman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Literary" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary">literary</a> scholar of the Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jian_(judge)" title="Zhang Jian (judge)">Zhang Jian</a> (born September 1955), judge<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhilei" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhang Zhilei">Zhang Zhilei</a>, professional heavyweight boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhongjing" title="Zhang Zhongjing">Zhang Ji</a> (style-named <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhongjing" title="Zhang Zhongjing">Zhang Zhongjing</a>) (150–219), an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han">Eastern Han</a> physician, the author of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghan_Zabing_Lun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghan Zabing Lun (page does not exist)">Shanghan Zabing Lun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Manqin" title="Zhao Manqin">Zhao Manqin</a> (born 1953), musician and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Ziyang" title="Zhao Ziyang">Zhao Ziyang</a> (17 October 1919 − 17 January 2005), former <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Premier</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">CCP Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_You" title="Zhong You">Zhong You</a> (151–230), a politician and calligrapher in Wei dynasty of San guo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Ting_(volleyball)" title="Zhu Ting (volleyball)">Zhu Ting</a>, sixteenth captain of China National Women's Volleyball Team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_Zhou" title="Zhuang Zhou">Chuang Tzu</a> (born 369 BC), Daoist philosopher</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_teams">Sports teams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sports teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Professional sports teams in Henan include; </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Dragons" class="mw-redirect" title="Henan Dragons">Henan Dragons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_F.C." title="Henan F.C.">Henan F.C.</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Major_National_Historical_and_Cultural_Sites_in_Henan" title="List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Henan">List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mofcom-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mofcom_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">"Doing Business in China"</a>. Ministry of Commerce. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">the original</a> on 5 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+China&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Commerce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mofcom.gov.cn%2Farticle%2Fzt_business%2Flanmub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census+%28No.+3%29&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-data2021_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GDP-2021 is a preliminary data <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102">"Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province"</a> (Press release). China NBS. 1 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+-+Regional+-+Quarterly+by+Province&rft.pub=China+NBS&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Feasyquery.htm%3Fcn%3DE0102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span>; see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.henan.gov.cn/2024/03-30/2967863.html">"zh:2023年河南省国民经济和社会发展统计公报"</a>. henan.gov.cn. 30 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, pp. 25–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-After_30_years,_secrets,_lessons_of_China's_worst_dams_burst_accident_surface-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-After_30_years,_secrets,_lessons_of_China's_worst_dams_burst_accident_surface_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200510/01/eng20051001_211892.html">"After 30 years, secrets, lessons of China's worst dams burst accident surface"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Daily Online">People's Daily Online</a></i>. 1 October 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060103183714/http://english.people.com.cn/200510/01/eng20051001_211892.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.atitle=After+30+years%2C+secrets%2C+lessons+of+China%27s+worst+dams+burst+accident+surface&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.people.com.cn%2F200510%2F01%2Feng20051001_211892.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osnos-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-osnos_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Evan_Osnos" title="Evan Osnos">Evan Osnos</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2011/10/faust-china-and-nuclear-power.html">Faust, China, and Nuclear Power</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313134654/http://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-china/faust-china-and-nuclear-power">Archived</a> 13 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>New Yorker</i>, 2011-10-12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF完世伟2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">完世伟 (1 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i0OhEAAAQBAJ&q=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%86%B3%E8%83%9C%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%B0%8F%E5%BA%B7%E8%AE%BA"><i>河南决胜全面小康论</i></a> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Social_Sciences_Literature_Press" title="Social Sciences Literature Press">Social Sciences Literature Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN 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id="CITEREFHannah_Beech2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Hannah Beech (15 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050113050835/http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/article/0,13673,501041115-750858,00.html">"Henan's Ethnic Tensions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Chinese+officials+arrested+for+concealing+true+scale+of+flood+death+toll&rft.date=2022-01-23&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fjan%2F23%2Fchinese-provincial-officials-concealed-scores-of-deaths-from-flood-disaster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/20/children-die-china-boarding-school-fire">"Thirteen children die in Chinese boarding school fire"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240120091429/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/20/children-die-china-boarding-school-fire">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Thirteen+children+die+in+Chinese+boarding+school+fire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fjan%2F20%2Fchildren-die-china-boarding-school-fire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/20/at-least-13-students-killed-in-china-school-fire-state-media">"At least 13 students killed in China school fire: State media"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240120155046/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/20/at-least-13-students-killed-in-china-school-fire-state-media">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=At+least+13+students+killed+in+China+school+fire%3A+State+media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F1%2F20%2Fat-least-13-students-killed-in-china-school-fire-state-media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dy.163.com/v2/article/detail/CTSRLRBH0524E1T0.html">"河南山峰海拔排名，第一谁也没想到，你都去过几座？_网易订阅"</a> (in Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408141523/http://dy.163.com/v2/article/detail/CTSRLRBH0524E1T0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B0%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D%EF%BC%8C%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E8%B0%81%E4%B9%9F%E6%B2%A1%E6%83%B3%E5%88%B0%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E9%83%BD%E5%8E%BB%E8%BF%87%E5%87%A0%E5%BA%A7%EF%BC%9F_%E7%BD%91%E6%98%93%E8%AE%A2%E9%98%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdy.163.com%2Fv2%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2FCTSRLRBH0524E1T0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mwr.gov.cn/szs/hl/201612/t20161222_776385.html">"淮河"</a>. <i>www.mwr.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mwr.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E6%B7%AE%E6%B2%B3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mwr.gov.cn%2Fszs%2Fhl%2F201612%2Ft20161222_776385.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113603/http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles2.mca.gov.cn%2Fcws%2F201502%2F20150225163817214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nj2013-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nj2013_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenzhen_Bureau_of_Statistics" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《深圳统计年鉴2014》</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.au=Shenzhen+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sztj.gov.cn%2Fnj2014%2Findexce.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_Office_of_the_State_Council_of_the_People's_Republic_of_ChinaPopulation_and_Employment_Statistics_Division_of_the_National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料</bdi> (1 ed.). Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2"><bdi>978-7-5037-6660-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E4%B9%A1%E3%80%81%E9%95%87%E3%80%81%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2&rft.au=Census+Office+of+the+State+Council+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.au=Population+and+Employment+Statistics+Division+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Civil_Affairs2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a> (August 2014). <bdi lang="zh">《中国民政统计年鉴2014》</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-7130-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2014-08&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-7130-9&rft.au=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010PRCcensus-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6659-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China(MOHURD)2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development">Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development</a> of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200718211023/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls"><i>中国城市建设统计年鉴2018</i></a> [<i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i>] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Statistic Publishing House. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls">the original</a> on 18 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42018&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Ministry+of+Housing+and+Urban-Rural+Development+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%28MOHURD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohurd.gov.cn%2Fxytj%2Ftjzljsxytjgb%2Fjstjnj%2Fw02020032722244243052500000.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html"><bdi lang="ja">1912年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1912%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1928年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1928%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1936–37年中国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1936%E2%80%9337%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1947年全国人口</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1947%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1954-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1954_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm">the original</a> on 5 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16767.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1964-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1964_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm"><bdi lang="zh">第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm">the original</a> on 14 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E9%A1%B9%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16768.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1982-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1982_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm">the original</a> on 10 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16769.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1990-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1990_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16772.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2000-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2000_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm"><bdi lang="zh">现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm">the original</a> on 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E5%B0%862000%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020331_15435.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2010-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2010_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">"Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">the original</a> on 27 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+Major+Figures+of+the+2010+Population+Census&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Fnewsandcomingevents%2Ft20110429_402722516.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200609/30/eng20060930_307662.html">"China's most populous province legislates to curb gender imbalance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Daily Online">People's Daily Online</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110914152026/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200609/30/eng20060930_307662.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.atitle=China%27s+most+populous+province+legislates+to+curb+gender+imbalance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F200609%2F30%2Feng20060930_307662.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhuLuHesketh2009" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, Wei Xing; Lu, Li; Hesketh, Therese (9 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2667570">"China's excess males, sex selective abortion, and one child policy: analysis of data from 2005 national intercensus survey"</a>. <i>BMJ</i>. <b>338</b>: b1211. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.b1211">10.1136/bmj.b1211</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2667570">2667570</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19359290">19359290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=China%27s+excess+males%2C+sex+selective+abortion%2C+and+one+child+policy%3A+analysis+of+data+from+2005+national+intercensus+survey&rft.volume=338&rft.pages=b1211&rft.date=2009-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2667570%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19359290&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.b1211&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Wei+Xing&rft.au=Lu%2C+Li&rft.au=Hesketh%2C+Therese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2667570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFPS2012-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">China Family Panel Studies 2012: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809051625/http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS（2012）调查数据</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/CASS" class="mw-redirect" title="CASS">CASS</a>. 3 March 2014. pp. 13, 24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8ECFPS%EF%BC%882012%EF%BC%89%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE&rft.pages=13%2C+24&rft.pub=CASS&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiwr.cass.cn%2Fzjwh%2F201403%2FW020140303370398758556.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wang2015-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wang2015_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wang2015_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianpost.com/world/china-authorities-forcibly-demolish-illegal-church-elderly-congregants-injured.html">"China: Authorities forcibly demolish 'illegal' church; elderly congregants injured"</a>. 15 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%3A+Authorities+forcibly+demolish+%27illegal%27+church%3B+elderly+congregants+injured&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fworld%2Fchina-authorities-forcibly-demolish-illegal-church-elderly-congregants-injured.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2020" class="citation web cs1">Kumar, Anugrah (27 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianpost.com/news/china-200-communist-officials-demolish-church-beat-christians.html">"China: 200 communist officials demolish church, beat Christians"</a>. <i>The Christian Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Post&rft.atitle=China%3A+200+communist+officials+demolish+church%2C+beat+Christians&rft.date=2020-06-27&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Anugrah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fnews%2Fchina-200-communist-officials-demolish-church-beat-christians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhan2022" class="citation book cs1">Zhan, Jing Vivian (2022). <i>China's Contained Resource Curse: How Minerals Shape State-Capital-Labor Relations</i>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-009-04898-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-009-04898-9"><bdi>978-1-009-04898-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Contained+Resource+Curse%3A+How+Minerals+Shape+State-Capital-Labor+Relations&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-009-04898-9&rft.aulast=Zhan&rft.aufirst=Jing+Vivian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Natural_Resources2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Natural Resources</a> (22 October 2018). Wei, Tiejun (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-10/22/5333589/files/01d0517b9d6c430bbb927ea5e48641b4.pdf">"China Mineral Resources"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Beiijing: Geological Publishing House<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Mineral+Resources&rft.place=Beiijing&rft.pub=Geological+Publishing+House&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft.au=Ministry+of+Natural+Resources&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Fxinwen%2F2018-10%2F22%2F5333589%2Ffiles%2F01d0517b9d6c430bbb927ea5e48641b4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121101105956/http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/henan-province/">"China Economy @ China Perspective"</a>. <i>thechinaperspective.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/henan-province/">the original</a> on 1 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thechinaperspective.com&rft.atitle=China+Economy+%40+China+Perspective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thechinaperspective.com%2Ftopics%2Fprovince%2Fhenan-province%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3142360/china-floods-more-75-million-people-henan-now-affected/">"China floods: people still searching for missing relatives after official says four died in road tunnel"</a>. <i>scmp.com</i>. 24 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725045833/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3142360/china-floods-more-75-million-people-henan-now-affected">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scmp.com&rft.atitle=China+floods%3A+people+still+searching+for+missing+relatives+after+official+says+four+died+in+road+tunnel&rft.date=2021-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2F3142360%2Fchina-floods-more-75-million-people-henan-now-affected%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210914151921/https://www.chinacourt.org/index.php/article/detail/2013/01/id/888428.shtml">"张坚同志当选安徽省高级人民法院院长-中国法院网"</a>. <i>www.chinacourt.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinacourt.org/index.php/article/detail/2013/01/id/888428.shtml">the original</a> on 14 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chinacourt.org&rft.atitle=%E5%BC%A0%E5%9D%9A%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%BD%E7%9C%81%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E9%99%A2%E9%95%BF-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinacourt.org%2Findex.php%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F2013%2F01%2Fid%2F888428.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRummel1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_J._Rummel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph J. Rummel">Rummel, Rudolph J.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4FXn22NKptcC"><i>China's Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900</i></a>. New Burnswick; London: Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88738-417-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-88738-417-X"><bdi>0-88738-417-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Bloody+Century%3A+Genocide+and+Mass+Murder+Since+1900&rft.place=New+Burnswick%3B+London&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-88738-417-X&rft.aulast=Rummel&rft.aufirst=Rudolph+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4FXn22NKptcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2015" class="citation book cs1">Smith, S. A. (2015). "Redemptive Religious Societies and the Communist State, 1949 to the 1980s". In Jeremy Brown; Matthew D. Johnson (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRTRCgAAQBAJ"><i>Maoism at the Grassroots: Everyday Life in China's Era of High Socialism</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. 340–364. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674287204" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674287204"><bdi>978-0674287204</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Redemptive+Religious+Societies+and+the+Communist+State%2C+1949+to+the+1980s&rft.btitle=Maoism+at+the+Grassroots%3A+Everyday+Life+in+China%27s+Era+of+High+Socialism&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=340-364&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0674287204&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRTRCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/henan.htm">Economic profile for Henan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">HKTDC</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henan">Henan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Henan#Q43684" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Henan">Henan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.henan.gov.cn/">Henan Government website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Henan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Henan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Henan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Henan</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Henan_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henan_topics" title="Template:Henan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henan_topics" title="Template talk:Henan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henan_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henan</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Henan" title="Category:Henan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Henan" title="Politics of Henan">Politics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Henan" title="Category:Geography of Henan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Henan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountains" title="Dabie Mountains">Dabie Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Basin" title="Nanyang Basin">Nanyang Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Henan" title="List of universities and colleges in Henan">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Normal_University" title="Henan Normal University">Henan Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University_of_Technology" title="Henan University of Technology">Henan University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Agricultural_University" title="Henan Agricultural University">Henan Agricultural University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_culture" title="Zhongyuan culture">Zhongyuan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_opera" title="Henan opera">Henan opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang brewed vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Banquet" title="Water Banquet">Water Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_mian" title="Hui mian">Hui mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulatang" title="Hulatang">Hulatang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaocheng_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory">Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Temple">Shaolin Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyue_Pagoda" title="Songyue Pagoda">Songyue Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youguo_Temple" title="Youguo Temple">Youguo Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Henan" title="Category:Henan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Henan_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henan" title="Template:Henan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henan" title="Template talk:Henan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Henan_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Henan" title="List of administrative divisions of Henan">County-level divisions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henan</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan District">Zhongyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erqi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Erqi District">Erqi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guancheng_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guancheng Hui District">Guancheng Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshui District">Jinshui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangjie_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangjie District">Shangjie District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiji_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huiji District">Huiji District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongmu_County" title="Zhongmu County">Zhongmu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Kaifeng">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longting District">Longting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunhe Hui District">Shunhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwangtai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuwangtai District">Yuwangtai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfu District">Xiangfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Kaifeng" title="Qi County, Kaifeng">Qi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxu_County" title="Tongxu County">Tongxu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishi_County" title="Weishi County">Weishi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankao_County" title="Lankao County">Lankao County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xigong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigong District">Xigong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laocheng District">Laocheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanhe Hui District">Chanhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianxi District">Jianxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District">Jili District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luolong District">Luolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi District">Yanshi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjin District">Mengjin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin%27an_County" title="Xin'an County">Xin'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanchuan_County" title="Luanchuan County">Luanchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_County" title="Song County">Song County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyang_County" title="Ruyang County">Ruyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang_County,_Henan" title="Yiyang County, Henan">Yiyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoning_County" title="Luoning County">Luoning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Henan" title="Yichuan County, Henan">Yichuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_District,_Pingdingshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua District, Pingdingshan">Xinhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weidong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidong District">Weidong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanhe District">Zhanhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shilong District">Shilong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baofeng_County" title="Baofeng County">Baofeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_County" title="Ye County">Ye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_County,_Henan" title="Lushan County, Henan">Lushan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_County,_Henan" title="Jia County, Henan">Jia County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiguan District">Beiguan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenfeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenfeng District">Wenfeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yindu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yindu District">Yindu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Long'an District">Long'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang_County" title="Anyang County">Anyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangyin_County" title="Tangyin County">Tangyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_County" title="Hua County">Hua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neihuang_County" title="Neihuang County">Neihuang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qibin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibin District">Qibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shancheng District">Shancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan_District,_Hebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Heshan District, Hebi">Heshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_County" title="Xun County">Xun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Hebi" title="Qi County, Hebi">Qi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weibin_District,_Xinxiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Weibin District, Xinxiang">Weibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongqi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongqi District">Hongqi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengquan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengquan District">Fengquan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Muye District">Muye District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyuan" title="Changyuan">Changyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang_County" title="Xinxiang County">Xinxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huojia_County" title="Huojia County">Huojia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanyang_County,_Henan" title="Yuanyang County, Henan">Yuanyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanjin_County,_Henan" title="Yanjin County, Henan">Yanjin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengqiu_County" title="Fengqiu County">Fengqiu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiefang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiefang District">Jiefang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanyang District">Shanyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongzhan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongzhan District">Zhongzhan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Macun District">Macun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuwu_County" title="Xiuwu County">Xiuwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%27ai_County" title="Bo'ai County">Bo'ai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhi_County" title="Wuzhi County">Wuzhi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_County,_Henan" title="Wen County, Henan">Wen County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hualong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hualong District">Hualong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingfeng_County" title="Qingfeng County">Qingfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanle_County" title="Nanle County">Nanle County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_County" title="Fan County">Fan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiqian_County" title="Taiqian County">Taiqian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang_County" title="Puyang County">Puyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weidu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidu District">Weidu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jian'an District">Jian'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanling_County,_Henan" title="Yanling County, Henan">Yanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_County,_Henan" title="Xiangcheng County, Henan">Xiangcheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanhui District">Yuanhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng_District,_Luohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yancheng District, Luohe">Yancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaoling District">Shaoling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyang_County" title="Wuyang County">Wuyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linying_County" title="Linying County">Linying County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubin District">Hubin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanzhou District">Shanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianchi_County" title="Mianchi County">Mianchi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushi_County" title="Lushi County">Lushi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolong District">Wolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wancheng District">Wancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzhao_County" title="Nanzhao County">Nanzhao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcheng_County" title="Fangcheng County">Fangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixia_County" title="Xixia County">Xixia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenping_County,_Henan" title="Zhenping County, Henan">Zhenping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neixiang_County" title="Neixiang County">Neixiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichuan_County" title="Xichuan County">Xichuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheqi_County" title="Sheqi County">Sheqi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanghe_County" title="Tanghe County">Tanghe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinye_County" title="Xinye County">Xinye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongbai_County" title="Tongbai County">Tongbai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liangyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangyuan District">Liangyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyang District">Suiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng_County" title="Yucheng County">Yucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minquan_County" title="Minquan County">Minquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningling_County" title="Ningling County">Ningling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_County,_Henan" title="Sui County, Henan">Sui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiayi_County" title="Xiayi County">Xiayi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhecheng_County" title="Zhecheng County">Zhecheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shihe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihe District">Shihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingqiao District">Pingqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_County,_Henan" title="Xi County, Henan">Xi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibin_County" title="Huaibin County">Huaibin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangchuan_County" title="Huangchuan County">Huangchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshan_County" title="Guangshan County">Guangshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gushi_County" title="Gushi County">Gushi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcheng_County" title="Shangcheng County">Shangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoshan_County" title="Luoshan County">Luoshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_County" title="Xin County">Xin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuanhui District">Chuanhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyang District">Huaiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugou_County" title="Fugou County">Fugou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihua_County" title="Xihua County">Xihua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangshui_County" title="Shangshui County">Shangshui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikang_County" title="Taikang County">Taikang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luyi_County" title="Luyi County">Luyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancheng_County" title="Dancheng County">Dancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenqiu_County" title="Shenqiu County">Shenqiu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_District,_Zhumadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Yicheng District, Zhumadian">Yicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queshan_County" title="Queshan County">Queshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyang_County" title="Biyang County">Biyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiping_County" title="Suiping County">Suiping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiping_County" title="Xiping County">Xiping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcai_County" title="Shangcai County">Shangcai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runan_County" title="Runan County">Runan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyu_County" title="Pingyu County">Pingyu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xincai_County" title="Xincai County">Xincai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengyang_County" title="Zhengyang County">Zhengyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial administered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="county-level_city" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template talk:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">Provincial-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_blank_province_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/150px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/225px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/300px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Disputed province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:80%;"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a> is <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">claimed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> but administered by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43684#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43684#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43684#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244526153">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212204/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4025810-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2010042254">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951411w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951411w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00631053">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36732271">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Henan (Čína : provincie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge559379&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4795706">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000266281&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552593905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a664052c-7689-4a6c-935e-f622d2c504c6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027484440">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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