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if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley","location":"/RichardHammersley","scheme":"https","host":"hull.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/RichardHammersley","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-01822fc2-d303-4b84-9f87-93d5bd0826cc"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-01822fc2-d303-4b84-9f87-93d5bd0826cc"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Richard Hammersley" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/11824/3951/3896/s200_richard.hammersley.jpeg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Richard Hammersley</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://hull.academia.edu/">University of Hull</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://hull.academia.edu/Departments/Psychology/Documents">Psychology</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Richard" data-follow-user-id="11824" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="11824"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">485</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">10</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">6</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/RichardHammersley/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">I began as a cognitive psychologist interested in memory and discourse, but nowadays my research is mainly about alcohol, food, drugs and crime and I am more of a health and social psychologist. I have retired from the University but not given up research yet. I also practise privately as a Practitioner Health Psychologist. <br />  Currently, I have got interested again in the more philosophical side of psychology and have been thinking about the embodiment of addiction.<br />Amongst my other research topics are:<br />Pathways through drug dependence and crime.  <br />Effects of sugar on mood and behaviour<br />  Psychological effects of cannabis<br />  Understanding why most people who used drugs DO NOT    become addicted, yet some do.<br />  Heavy episodic drinking<br />  Modelling transient mood<br />  Models of risk<br />  Effects of drugs, foods and illness on cognitive function and well-being.<br /><br />I see a small caseload of clients in private practice and teach the occasional lecture on mental health or health psychology topics. <br /><br />Outside work, my lively family keeps me busy and my main hobbies are music and writing. I write and sing blues songs and more experimental and electronic material. I play guitar and harmonica. I am also a poet. For some reason I have had an attack of the haiku over the past nine months and I am working on a novel set in the 1980s and 1990s drug milieu.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KetelaarTimothy"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Timothy Ketelaar" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/277382037/126323002/115697005/s200_timothy.ketelaar.png" /></a></div><div 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class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>8</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>102</span> <span 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data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Drafts" data-toggle="tab" href="#drafts" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>2</span> Drafts</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Richard Hammersley</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126291744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126291744/LECTURE_1_WHAT_IS_PERSONALITY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LECTURE 1 WHAT IS PERSONALITY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120191480/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126291744/LECTURE_1_WHAT_IS_PERSONALITY">LECTURE 1 WHAT IS PERSONALITY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">These 10 lectures were half a module on individual differences that I taught before I retired fro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">These 10 lectures were half a module on individual differences that I taught before I retired from University of Hull. They were very well received but have since fallen into disuse. I thought others might benefit from them.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a224d9512b77f5c294104d3ca4f06e6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120191480,"asset_id":126291744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120191480/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126291744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126291744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126291744; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="185833"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185833/Drugs_and_crime_Theories_and_Practices"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drugs and crime: Theories and Practices" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185833/Drugs_and_crime_Theories_and_Practices">Drugs and crime: Theories and Practices</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Why are we so concerned about drugs and crime? Is the relationship between drug-taking and crimin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Why are we so concerned about drugs and crime? Is the relationship between drug-taking and criminal behaviour as straightforward as it is sometimes made to appear? What should be done about the problem?<br />This thought-provoking book argues that much current thinking about drugs and crime is simplistic and misguided, because it fails to take into account the complex social and psychological contexts that underpin the relationship between drug or alcohol problems and crime. In clear and accessible language, it reviews existing explanations of the links between drugs and crime, and assesses the practical approaches currently being taken to tackle the problems involved.<br />Key topics covered include:<br /><br />The kinds of substance uses society finds acceptable and normal, and the reasons for these categorisations<br /><br />What causes offending, drug use and drug problems across the life course<br />Regulating the illicit drugs industry<br />Addressing poverty and social exclusion, which are key drivers of drugs and crime.<br />Drugs and crime are of concern to us all. This textbook will be of great value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students across the social sciences and in health and social care, including those studying criminology, psychology, medical sociology, social policy, social work or criminal justice. It will also be of interest to academics, practitioners and policy makers in these fields.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc3878ae7c762d4fe502a4ec0a064fd1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":290964,"asset_id":185833,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290964/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="185833"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="185833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185833; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="185838"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185838/Communicating_successfully_in_groups"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Communicating successfully in groups" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185838/Communicating_successfully_in_groups">Communicating successfully in groups</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This practical guide to the psychology of effective communication is suitable for anyone for whom...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This practical guide to the psychology of effective communication is suitable for anyone for whom communication in groups is a key part of their job. No previous knowledge of psychology is assumed and the emphasis is on exercises, key point summaries, assessment and improving your skills in everyday situations like committees, project teams, seminars and focus groups. Suitable as an introduction for psychology students, it will be invaluable for students of business, medicine, allied health, social work and probation, whether studying on a short course or attending an intensive training session as part of their continuing professional development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6971ebcfd3f4ba05d203a1c4e6841dc7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":290976,"asset_id":185838,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290976/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="185838"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="185838"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185838; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185838]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185838]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185838; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='185838']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6971ebcfd3f4ba05d203a1c4e6841dc7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=185838]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":185838,"title":"Communicating successfully in groups","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/185838/Communicating_successfully_in_groups","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":290976,"title":"Communicating successfully in groups","file_type":"","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290976/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Communicating_successfully_in_groups","bulk_download_url":"academia.edu"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="185837"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185837/Ecstasy_and_the_rise_of_the_chemical_generation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ecstasy and the rise of the chemical generation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185837/Ecstasy_and_the_rise_of_the_chemical_generation">Ecstasy and the rise of the chemical generation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Drug users are no longer a mad, bad, or immoral minority. Using drugs is normal for the chemical ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Drug users are no longer a mad, bad, or immoral minority. Using drugs is normal for the chemical generation, and the drug that defines them is ecstasy. This book about ecstasy users' lives is based on one of the biggest government-funded projects ever undertaken and gives voice to the chemical generation for the first time.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4f8ce811b6e542877ddcbc5a229abfca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":290975,"asset_id":185837,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290975/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="185837"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="185837"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185837; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185837]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185837]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185837; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='185837']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4f8ce811b6e542877ddcbc5a229abfca" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=185837]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":185837,"title":"Ecstasy and the rise of the chemical generation","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/185837/Ecstasy_and_the_rise_of_the_chemical_generation","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":290975,"title":"Ecstasy and the rise of the chemical generation","file_type":"","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290975/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ecstasy_and_the_rise_of_the_chemical_gen","bulk_download_url":"academia.edu"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="185836"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185836/A_very_greedy_drug_Cocaine_in_context"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A very greedy drug: Cocaine in context" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185836/A_very_greedy_drug_Cocaine_in_context">A very greedy drug: Cocaine in context</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book sketches the recent history of the panic over cocaine in Britain, before reporting in-d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book sketches the recent history of the panic over cocaine in Britain, before reporting in-depth research on more than a hundred users in Scotland. This group contained all types of users, from casual users to heavy users who had cut down without problems, to people with multiple drug problems. The book considers why some people can give up cocaine and others become addicted. It compares British users with those elsewhere in the world, showing that the effects are similar everywhere -- cocaine does not addict most of its users. The picture of drug use obtained from addicts in clinics is a distorted one.<br />Cocaine use in Britain has caused much concern but its extent has been unknown. Users are still quite affluent, but when cocaine hits street level -- as it is predicted to do in the late 1990s -- problems are likely to increase.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c73bbd4fade41a1812c1804ce73e074b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":290974,"asset_id":185836,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290974/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="185836"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="185836"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185836; 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=189466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=189466]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 189466; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='189466']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Richard Hammersley</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48915223"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/48915223/Illegal_drugs_in_the_UK_Is_it_time_for_considered_legalisation_to_improve_public_health"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Illegal drugs in the UK: Is it time for considered legalisation to improve public health?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67320027/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/48915223/Illegal_drugs_in_the_UK_Is_it_time_for_considered_legalisation_to_improve_public_health">Illegal drugs in the UK: Is it time for considered legalisation to improve public health?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gcal.academia.edu/PhilDalgarno">Phil Dalgarno</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" rel="nofollow" href="https://westscotland.academia.edu/SteveORawe">Steve O'Rawe</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Drug Science, Policy and Law</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper investigates options available to policy makers responding to the challenges of drug u...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper investigates options available to policy makers responding to the challenges of drug use in modern society, focussing on the UK. It investigates the failings of prohibition policy that has driven historic reactions to drugs, drug use and drug users globally, nationally and locally. This policy paradigm has been largely destructive and counter-productive and has led to a whole host of health and social problems. The authors have approached their investigation from a public health perspective, free from moral biases that have driven many policy initiatives until now. Many countries and regions of the world are rejecting prohibition as they move towards public health models in opposition to criminal justice responses, and this trend is continuing. Four policy models are examined; prohibition as the status quo; extension of prohibition to include alcohol and other drugs; decriminalisation; legalisation and regulation of all drugs. Each of these policy options are contested; none have universal support. However, given careful consideration, this paper proposes that our only way out of the public health and criminal justice crises that have been driven by drug policy globally is to adopt the more contentious option of legalisation and regulation of all drugs commonly used non medically.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="14b17ebb89b92815336bc3cc995710ca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67320027,"asset_id":48915223,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67320027/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48915223"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48915223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48915223; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304876"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304876/Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users_Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854787/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304876/Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users_Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users">Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ghazalsharifi">Ghazal Sharifi</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Addiction Research & Theory</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper examines the strategies that ex-heavy users of MDMA employed to quit, control, or cut ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper examines the strategies that ex-heavy users of MDMA employed to quit, control, or cut down MDMA use. It uses data from an online qualitative study of the life stories of ex-heavy MDMA users, taking a harm reduction perspective, rather than focusing on the pharmaceutical and problematic aspects of MDMA use. The research applied a mixed-methods approach using an online survey containing open-ended questions directed at self-identified ex-heavy users of MDMA. Participants were 104 ex-heavy users. The relevant data centered around three main themes: ex-users' stories of quitting/ cutting down MDMA, advice for taking MDMA safely, and advice for quitting or cutting down MDMA. Although stopping or cutting down MDMA use was generally described as a natural process over time, ex-users also employed several strategies to quit or cut down MDMA use, including conscious lifestyle changes and distancing themselves from the associated scenes and people. Participants' advice on taking MDMA safely involved considering the drug, the mind-set, the social and physical environment and ensuring hydration. These data suggest that from ex-heavy users' perspectives, management of MDMA use is conceptualized as a deliberate and thoughtful process of which most users are in control, rather than a matter of being dependent upon or overpowered by a drug, so harm reduction and other interventions should be structured accordingly. ARTICLE HISTORY</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="feb6ae317f73220a9a448850f43bceaa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854787,"asset_id":45304876,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854787/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304876"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304876"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304876; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304878"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304878/Stuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxiety_and_emotional_detachment_in_the_life_stories_of_people_with_eating_disorders"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Stuffing down feelings: Bereavement, anxiety and emotional detachment in the life stories of people with eating disorders" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854784/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304878/Stuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxiety_and_emotional_detachment_in_the_life_stories_of_people_with_eating_disorders">Stuffing down feelings: Bereavement, anxiety and emotional detachment in the life stories of people with eating disorders</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Health and Social Care in the Community</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study aimed to explore the life stories of people with eating disorders (EDs) in order to be...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study aimed to explore the life stories of people with eating disorders (EDs) in order to better understand possible contributing factors to their development. It used a qualitative Life Story method, in order to reduce the tendency to focus on the negative in the lives of people with EDs. Sixteen people in contact with an EDs char- ity participated. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis. Despite the attempt to elicit both positive and negative information, most themes from the life stories were negative. Here, the focus is on the three most common themes reported, which are less often reported in previous research: (a) substantial bereavement and loss; (b) major issues with anxiety and (c) difficulties coping with emotions. A model is pro- posed whereby major losses and the resultant anxiety can lead to emotional deaden- ing and ‘stuffing down feelings’ with food, leading on to an ED. This model implies that interventions need to consider psychological factors in an ED, especially the use of it as a dysfunctional coping strategy, as well as the behavioural and physiological aspects of an ED.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0fa0e0e58280d0394aabd33872332e0e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854784,"asset_id":45304878,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854784/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304878"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304878"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304878; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304878]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304878]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304878; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45304878']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0fa0e0e58280d0394aabd33872332e0e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45304878]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45304878,"title":"Stuffing down feelings: Bereavement, anxiety and emotional detachment in the life stories of people with eating disorders","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45304878/Stuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxiety_and_emotional_detachment_in_the_life_stories_of_people_with_eating_disorders","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":65854784,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854784/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reid_Wilson_Walsh_Cartwright_Hammersley_16635377.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854784/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Stuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxie.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65854784/Reid_Wilson_Walsh_Cartwright_Hammersley_16635377-libre.pdf?1614694007=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxie.pdf\u0026Expires=1739697993\u0026Signature=D9u2gTDeYNtB3R-lqJX51bP0i-abRDecbb2vmS5Yhn3lb6j39n2LjMwK8j8aCxXM9~8TiW7Ck3CurfmFv4kC8TRsn7VWZ8CDE4OK9g3ZcmZwZHroso96ke1czfY04bp0ABAdIxaGDDr~xYEcLa3ix8vh-VLOiSJEOKSo09D2chnEhgdMxHI2WALhqVu4A0yMengUkTe6zeKQRNx2nGeOcHeGwtVAAcOPUNQJmIHggI8iQE2Ij-gpnyfEw4pdwVqVgReCrsGURCSD4wZOLlY0tR3YLU65NxtAyt7jwmq~rV3sG2vT6lcsiO9G0TPZhzRLLYiPH103fnSMyfH7E5j2~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304879"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304879/Testing_the_Constraint_Theory_of_Addiction_Cannabis_Constraints_Discriminate_Users_from_Nonusers_and_Heavy_from_Light_Users"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Testing the Constraint Theory of Addiction: Cannabis Constraints Discriminate Users from Nonusers and Heavy from Light Users" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854786/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304879/Testing_the_Constraint_Theory_of_Addiction_Cannabis_Constraints_Discriminate_Users_from_Nonusers_and_Heavy_from_Light_Users">Testing the Constraint Theory of Addiction: Cannabis Constraints Discriminate Users from Nonusers and Heavy from Light Users</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Addiction Research and Theory</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Constraint theory (Hammersley, 2014) offers a novel way of understanding addiction as a lack of c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Constraint theory (Hammersley, 2014) offers a novel way of understanding addiction as a lack of cognitive, behavioural, and social constraints on substance use. Here, cannabis constraints were studied in a large online opportunity sample: N � 302; 205 men, 97 women. Age ranged from 14 to 60 years (mean � 25, SD � 8.0). Most participants were from UK or North America. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing 15 cannabis constraints and standard self-report frequency measures of drug use. Factor analysis of the constraint questionnaire found 15 factors, similar to those proposed theoretically. ese factors could discriminate well between past and current users and heavy and light users. e best dis-criminator was concerns about the possibility of becoming addicted; the less concerned the heavier was use, although those who actually felt addicted were more concerned than others. Past users also constrained due to using legal highs instead, concerns about illegality, and using only when others used. Light users constrained due to availability and cost issues, as well as unpleasant effects. ese findings suggest that there is utility in constraint theory and that heavy use occurs due to a relative lack of constraints.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ab8eab16c8b6e450dedbf3715e7d49d1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854786,"asset_id":45304879,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854786/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304879"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304879"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304879; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304879]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304879]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304879; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45304879']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ab8eab16c8b6e450dedbf3715e7d49d1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45304879]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45304879,"title":"Testing the Constraint Theory of Addiction: Cannabis Constraints Discriminate Users from Nonusers and Heavy from Light Users","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45304879/Testing_the_Constraint_Theory_of_Addiction_Cannabis_Constraints_Discriminate_Users_from_Nonusers_and_Heavy_from_Light_Users","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":65854786,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854786/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Hammersley_Holmes_Reid_Cannabis_Constraints.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854786/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Testing_the_Constraint_Theory_of_Addicti.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65854786/Hammersley_Holmes_Reid_Cannabis_Constraints-libre.pdf?1614694004=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTesting_the_Constraint_Theory_of_Addicti.pdf\u0026Expires=1739697993\u0026Signature=X1bZLUZ5THxZxYMKqVCIhfDyGzt2WbiaC1r5PrbXTlMJ3COtd29uPuhgKple~~SF09-jQnO8XG2ZIdmMNrEIszw5roF0dvUWHu5xKdpew7H-TqP4hmVLBkMMNiqg7mwfZfyG~fLB8q~9A5cWkfjE9YSw5iGoI46hYSUyUf0lPQWchzeANROGGKk2N8Vo1xZvipPQZj2DIoNpDwcko2sqULPmKoGFIqFzmD14i-9vp9AxZiZGP~HmlSoOy3MWTWfMsa4lDuAXMqpfcEI-7kZ39co-Z9eY84nt-5lZ6nrQC~U1XN7XKmppFs7sS9eqXjDzg95HHkeKovIF4fDGyINPeQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304875"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304875/Trauma_Violence_and_Recovery_Hammersley_Reid_Dalgarno_Wallace_and_Liddell_9073_Article_Text"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Trauma, Violence and Recovery Hammersley Reid Dalgarno Wallace and Liddell 9073 Article Text" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854783/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304875/Trauma_Violence_and_Recovery_Hammersley_Reid_Dalgarno_Wallace_and_Liddell_9073_Article_Text">Trauma, Violence and Recovery Hammersley Reid Dalgarno Wallace and Liddell 9073 Article Text</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JasonWallace34">Jason Wallace</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Qualitative Research in Medicine & Healthcare</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> 55 drug injectors currently in recovery. It focusses on different types of violence and trauma t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">55 drug injectors currently in recovery. It focusses on different types of violence and trauma that occurred whilst using drugs. Stories told of very severe and repeated traumas often involving extreme violence. One motive for escalating and continuing drug use was avoidant coping to deaden the emotions and thoughts regarding these traumas. Many traumas were due partly to the criminal drug milieu, so respondents were in a vicious cycle of using opiates and other sedative drugs to cope with the consequences of being involved in a lifestyle of using, supplying and obtaining illegal sedative drugs. Drugs were used as a dynamic method of self-medication or avoidant coping to cope with life in a criminal milieu. Traumatic events were more often described as worsening the lifestyle than as being motives for quitting. Amongst the traumas recounted were many incidents of extreme violence. Using drugs to block the psycho- logical effects of such traumas may help explain why people persist using opiates despite experiencing evident serious harms. Interven- tions need to recognise this, be trauma-aware and appreciate that violence and trauma have severe adverse effects on drug injectors even when they are themselves hardened and violent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e63517b1031e1662e3906c88261d341" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854783,"asset_id":45304875,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854783/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304875"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304875"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304875; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304875]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304875]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304875; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45304875']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304874"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304874/Schizotypy_but_not_Cannabis_Use_Modestly_Predicts_Psychotogenic_Experiences_A_Cross_Sectional_Study_Using_the_Oxford_Liverpool_Inventory_of_Feelings_and_Experiences_O_LIFE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Schizotypy but not Cannabis Use Modestly Predicts Psychotogenic Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854785/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304874/Schizotypy_but_not_Cannabis_Use_Modestly_Predicts_Psychotogenic_Experiences_A_Cross_Sectional_Study_Using_the_Oxford_Liverpool_Inventory_of_Feelings_and_Experiences_O_LIFE">Schizotypy but not Cannabis Use Modestly Predicts Psychotogenic Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AireyNicola">Nicola Airey</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Addiction</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective. Cannabis use predicts psychosis in longitudinal studies, but it is difficult to infer ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective. Cannabis use predicts psychosis in longitudinal studies, but it is difficult to infer causation. Some precursor variables predict both, including childhood trauma and adversity. Additionally, some of the desired effects of cannabis use resemble the symptoms of psychosis. It would be preferable to assess psychotomimetic or "unusual" experiences that include psychotic symptoms but without assuming pathology. Finally, it is possible that similar people are prone to psychosis and drawn to cannabis use, perhaps, because they are sensitive or attracted to unusual experiences. Schizotypy provides a trait measure of proneness to unusual experiences. e study aimed to examine cross-sectionally relationships between cannabis use, schizotypy, and unusual experiences whilst controlling for current trauma symptoms. Method. A volunteer online sample (n � 129, 64% women, predominantly students) who had used cannabis at least once was recruited. People who reported active effects of past trauma were excluded with a brief primary care posttraumatic stress disorder screen. Participants completed the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experience, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, and measures of substance use and sociodemographics. Results. e majority of respondents recounted unusual experiences after cannabis use, and many of these might have been considered symptoms of psychosis if they had received medical attention. In regression analysis, the only predictor of the unusual experiences scale of O-LIFE was schizotypy (measured by the remaining subscales; 4% of variance). ere were no correlations between cannabis use frequency and schizotypy or unusual experiences. Conclusions. ese findings suggest that, after controlling for schizotypy and excluding people who are actively experiencing the effects of past trauma, frequency of cannabis use does not predict unusual experiences. However, individuals with schizotypal personality traits may have more unusual experiences when using cannabis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="86aa946c326c6a0a58ab7316d042e726" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854785,"asset_id":45304874,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854785/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304874"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304874"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304874; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304877"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304877/Sugars_and_obesity_Meta_analysis_establishes_the_strength_of_the_correlation_not_the_cause"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sugars and obesity: Meta-analysis establishes the strength of the correlation, not the cause" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854781/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304877/Sugars_and_obesity_Meta_analysis_establishes_the_strength_of_the_correlation_not_the_cause">Sugars and obesity: Meta-analysis establishes the strength of the correlation, not the cause</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nutrition Bulletin</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">No abstract</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="94f2d5aaf05103da567fd997154d91f4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854781,"asset_id":45304877,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854781/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304877"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304877"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304877; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304873"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304873/Schema_Modes_Trauma_and_Disordered_Eating"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Schema Modes, Trauma and Disordered Eating" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854782/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304873/Schema_Modes_Trauma_and_Disordered_Eating">Schema Modes, Trauma and Disordered Eating</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HalyeyGoddard">Halyey Goddard</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cognitive Psychotherapy</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Maladaptive schema modes may mediate between trauma and disordered eating, however there is litt...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Maladaptive schema modes may mediate between trauma and disordered eating, however there is little relevant evidence. This study aimed to predict disordered eating from modes, trauma and age & gender. Also, to re-examine the factor structure of the Schema Mode Inventory for Eating Disorders, using an online cross-sectional survey of 612 volunteer participants aged 18 – 65, recruited from online eating disorder support groups, including people with and without diagnosed eating disorders. Measures were sociodemographic variables, the SMI-ED-SF, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ). Confirmatory factor analysis produced 16 factors similar to the 16 modes. Differences were that Vulnerable Child, Happy Child and Healthy Adult appeared as a one factor, that all ED items appeared as one factor, and that Bully & Attack and Self-Aggrandizer modes appeared combined. In stepwise linear regression, EDE- Q scores was predicted by Total maladaptive mode score (37.3% of variance), Total adaptive mode score (1.5%) variance, Vulnerable Child (2.8%), Detached Self-Soother (1.5%). Other modes accounted for 1% or less of variance. Schema modes predicted EDE-Q, but the stable existence of discrete persona-like modes was less clear. Further research should refine the structure of SMI-ED-SF and relate modes to interpersonal traumas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="23c8dc1380c6f169411f3d9a75e0f348" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854782,"asset_id":45304873,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854782/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304873"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304873"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304873; 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They look at how a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The final two chapters of Drugs Policy and Practice in Health and Social Care. They look at how a rational drugs policy might be developed</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71280bdcbc89a2273364904663ce9a06" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46859031,"asset_id":26567454,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46859031/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26567454"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26567454"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26567454; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10358330"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10358330/How_to_measure_mood_in_Nutrition_Research"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How to measure mood in Nutrition Research" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36424680/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10358330/How_to_measure_mood_in_Nutrition_Research">How to measure mood in Nutrition Research</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mood is widely assessed in nutrition research, usually with rating scales. A core assumption is t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mood is widely assessed in nutrition research, usually with rating scales. A core assumption is that positive mood reinforces ingestion, so it is important to measure mood well. Four relevant theoretical issues are reviewed: (i) the distinction between protracted and transient mood; (ii) the distinction between mood and emotion; (iii) the phenomenology of mood as an unstable tint to consciousness rather than a distinct state of consciousness; (iv) moods can be caused by social and cognitive processes as well as physiological ones. Consequently, mood is difficult to measure and mood rating is easily influenced by non-nutritive aspects of feeding, the psychological, social and physical environment where feeding occurs, and the nature of the rating system employed. Some of the difficulties are illustrated by reviewing experiments looking at the impact of food on mood. The mood-rating systems in common use in nutrition research are then reviewed, the requirements of a better mood-rating system are described, and guidelines are provided for a considered choice of mood-rating system including that assessment should: have two main dimensions; be brief; balance simplicity and comprehensiveness; be easy to use repeatedly. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9267326"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9267326/Higher_Education_as_an_Intrinsic_good"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Higher Education as an Intrinsic good" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35532867/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9267326/Higher_Education_as_an_Intrinsic_good">Higher Education as an Intrinsic good</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A few years after I got my Dirst lectureship, my father retired from the Department of History at...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A few years after I got my Dirst lectureship, my father retired from the Department of History at Edinburgh. Around then, he remarked to me over coffee that he had never expected to see the day when education became unfashionable. When my father grew up in 1920s Germany, then at public school in England -- where his parents hoped the communism would be knocked out of him --education was seen as paramount. As long as the population was uneducated and ignorant people could be exploited in awful ways, and could also be encouraged to commit barbarities such as in Nazi Germany and, it turned out, the Soviet Union. By my father's light education and civilisation (in the most modernist sense of the word) did not only go hand in hand, but were two sides of the same coin, for truly civilised things tended to require educated appreciation. Fine wine was better than beer, classical music superior to pop, TV versions of history were unspeakably incorrect and stupid, and instant coffee an abomination.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ae520728c5ab4945fc65555c938200d4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35532867,"asset_id":9267326,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35532867/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9267326"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9267326"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9267326; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="7060" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126291744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126291744/LECTURE_1_WHAT_IS_PERSONALITY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LECTURE 1 WHAT IS PERSONALITY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120191480/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126291744/LECTURE_1_WHAT_IS_PERSONALITY">LECTURE 1 WHAT IS PERSONALITY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">These 10 lectures were half a module on individual differences that I taught before I retired fro...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">These 10 lectures were half a module on individual differences that I taught before I retired from University of Hull. They were very well received but have since fallen into disuse. I thought others might benefit from them.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a224d9512b77f5c294104d3ca4f06e6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120191480,"asset_id":126291744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120191480/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126291744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126291744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126291744; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30279784"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30279784/Drugs_Scottish_Policy_and_Practice_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drugs Scottish Policy and Practice.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50744084/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30279784/Drugs_Scottish_Policy_and_Practice_pdf">Drugs Scottish Policy and Practice.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gcal.academia.edu/PhilDalgarno">Phil Dalgarno</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f198789151df1b0db0f98a0374e8ef38" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":50744084,"asset_id":30279784,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50744084/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30279784"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30279784"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30279784; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="185833"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185833/Drugs_and_crime_Theories_and_Practices"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drugs and crime: Theories and Practices" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185833/Drugs_and_crime_Theories_and_Practices">Drugs and crime: Theories and Practices</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Why are we so concerned about drugs and crime? Is the relationship between drug-taking and crimin...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Why are we so concerned about drugs and crime? Is the relationship between drug-taking and criminal behaviour as straightforward as it is sometimes made to appear? What should be done about the problem?<br />This thought-provoking book argues that much current thinking about drugs and crime is simplistic and misguided, because it fails to take into account the complex social and psychological contexts that underpin the relationship between drug or alcohol problems and crime. In clear and accessible language, it reviews existing explanations of the links between drugs and crime, and assesses the practical approaches currently being taken to tackle the problems involved.<br />Key topics covered include:<br /><br />The kinds of substance uses society finds acceptable and normal, and the reasons for these categorisations<br /><br />What causes offending, drug use and drug problems across the life course<br />Regulating the illicit drugs industry<br />Addressing poverty and social exclusion, which are key drivers of drugs and crime.<br />Drugs and crime are of concern to us all. This textbook will be of great value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students across the social sciences and in health and social care, including those studying criminology, psychology, medical sociology, social policy, social work or criminal justice. It will also be of interest to academics, practitioners and policy makers in these fields.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bc3878ae7c762d4fe502a4ec0a064fd1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":290964,"asset_id":185833,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290964/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="185833"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="185833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185833; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185833]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185833]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185833; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='185833']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bc3878ae7c762d4fe502a4ec0a064fd1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=185833]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":185833,"title":"Drugs and crime: Theories and Practices","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/185833/Drugs_and_crime_Theories_and_Practices","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":290964,"title":"Drugs and crime: Theories and Practices","file_type":"","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290964/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Drugs_and_crime_Theories_and_Practices","bulk_download_url":"academia.edu"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="185838"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185838/Communicating_successfully_in_groups"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Communicating successfully in groups" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185838/Communicating_successfully_in_groups">Communicating successfully in groups</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This practical guide to the psychology of effective communication is suitable for anyone for whom...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This practical guide to the psychology of effective communication is suitable for anyone for whom communication in groups is a key part of their job. No previous knowledge of psychology is assumed and the emphasis is on exercises, key point summaries, assessment and improving your skills in everyday situations like committees, project teams, seminars and focus groups. Suitable as an introduction for psychology students, it will be invaluable for students of business, medicine, allied health, social work and probation, whether studying on a short course or attending an intensive training session as part of their continuing professional development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6971ebcfd3f4ba05d203a1c4e6841dc7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":290976,"asset_id":185838,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290976/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="185838"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="185838"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185838; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185838]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185838]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185838; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='185838']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6971ebcfd3f4ba05d203a1c4e6841dc7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=185838]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":185838,"title":"Communicating successfully in groups","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/185838/Communicating_successfully_in_groups","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":290976,"title":"Communicating successfully in groups","file_type":"","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290976/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Communicating_successfully_in_groups","bulk_download_url":"academia.edu"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="185837"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185837/Ecstasy_and_the_rise_of_the_chemical_generation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ecstasy and the rise of the chemical generation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185837/Ecstasy_and_the_rise_of_the_chemical_generation">Ecstasy and the rise of the chemical generation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Drug users are no longer a mad, bad, or immoral minority. Using drugs is normal for the chemical ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Drug users are no longer a mad, bad, or immoral minority. Using drugs is normal for the chemical generation, and the drug that defines them is ecstasy. This book about ecstasy users' lives is based on one of the biggest government-funded projects ever undertaken and gives voice to the chemical generation for the first time.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4f8ce811b6e542877ddcbc5a229abfca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":290975,"asset_id":185837,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290975/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="185837"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="185837"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185837; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185837]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=185837]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185837; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='185837']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4f8ce811b6e542877ddcbc5a229abfca" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=185837]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":185837,"title":"Ecstasy and the rise of the chemical generation","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/185837/Ecstasy_and_the_rise_of_the_chemical_generation","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":290975,"title":"Ecstasy and the rise of the chemical generation","file_type":"","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg","file_name":"","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290975/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Ecstasy_and_the_rise_of_the_chemical_gen","bulk_download_url":"academia.edu"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="185836"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185836/A_very_greedy_drug_Cocaine_in_context"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A very greedy drug: Cocaine in context" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/185836/A_very_greedy_drug_Cocaine_in_context">A very greedy drug: Cocaine in context</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This book sketches the recent history of the panic over cocaine in Britain, before reporting in-d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This book sketches the recent history of the panic over cocaine in Britain, before reporting in-depth research on more than a hundred users in Scotland. This group contained all types of users, from casual users to heavy users who had cut down without problems, to people with multiple drug problems. The book considers why some people can give up cocaine and others become addicted. It compares British users with those elsewhere in the world, showing that the effects are similar everywhere -- cocaine does not addict most of its users. The picture of drug use obtained from addicts in clinics is a distorted one.<br />Cocaine use in Britain has caused much concern but its extent has been unknown. Users are still quite affluent, but when cocaine hits street level -- as it is predicted to do in the late 1990s -- problems are likely to increase.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c73bbd4fade41a1812c1804ce73e074b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":290974,"asset_id":185836,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/290974/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="185836"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="185836"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 185836; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="7859" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="48915223"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/48915223/Illegal_drugs_in_the_UK_Is_it_time_for_considered_legalisation_to_improve_public_health"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Illegal drugs in the UK: Is it time for considered legalisation to improve public health?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67320027/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/48915223/Illegal_drugs_in_the_UK_Is_it_time_for_considered_legalisation_to_improve_public_health">Illegal drugs in the UK: Is it time for considered legalisation to improve public health?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://gcal.academia.edu/PhilDalgarno">Phil Dalgarno</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" rel="nofollow" href="https://westscotland.academia.edu/SteveORawe">Steve O'Rawe</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Drug Science, Policy and Law</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper investigates options available to policy makers responding to the challenges of drug u...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper investigates options available to policy makers responding to the challenges of drug use in modern society, focussing on the UK. It investigates the failings of prohibition policy that has driven historic reactions to drugs, drug use and drug users globally, nationally and locally. This policy paradigm has been largely destructive and counter-productive and has led to a whole host of health and social problems. The authors have approached their investigation from a public health perspective, free from moral biases that have driven many policy initiatives until now. Many countries and regions of the world are rejecting prohibition as they move towards public health models in opposition to criminal justice responses, and this trend is continuing. Four policy models are examined; prohibition as the status quo; extension of prohibition to include alcohol and other drugs; decriminalisation; legalisation and regulation of all drugs. Each of these policy options are contested; none have universal support. However, given careful consideration, this paper proposes that our only way out of the public health and criminal justice crises that have been driven by drug policy globally is to adopt the more contentious option of legalisation and regulation of all drugs commonly used non medically.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="14b17ebb89b92815336bc3cc995710ca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67320027,"asset_id":48915223,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67320027/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="48915223"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48915223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48915223; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304876"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304876/Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users_Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854787/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304876/Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users_Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users">Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ghazalsharifi">Ghazal Sharifi</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Addiction Research & Theory</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper examines the strategies that ex-heavy users of MDMA employed to quit, control, or cut ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper examines the strategies that ex-heavy users of MDMA employed to quit, control, or cut down MDMA use. It uses data from an online qualitative study of the life stories of ex-heavy MDMA users, taking a harm reduction perspective, rather than focusing on the pharmaceutical and problematic aspects of MDMA use. The research applied a mixed-methods approach using an online survey containing open-ended questions directed at self-identified ex-heavy users of MDMA. Participants were 104 ex-heavy users. The relevant data centered around three main themes: ex-users' stories of quitting/ cutting down MDMA, advice for taking MDMA safely, and advice for quitting or cutting down MDMA. Although stopping or cutting down MDMA use was generally described as a natural process over time, ex-users also employed several strategies to quit or cut down MDMA use, including conscious lifestyle changes and distancing themselves from the associated scenes and people. Participants' advice on taking MDMA safely involved considering the drug, the mind-set, the social and physical environment and ensuring hydration. These data suggest that from ex-heavy users' perspectives, management of MDMA use is conceptualized as a deliberate and thoughtful process of which most users are in control, rather than a matter of being dependent upon or overpowered by a drug, so harm reduction and other interventions should be structured accordingly. ARTICLE HISTORY</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="feb6ae317f73220a9a448850f43bceaa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854787,"asset_id":45304876,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854787/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304876"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304876"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304876; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304876]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304876]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304876; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45304876']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "feb6ae317f73220a9a448850f43bceaa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45304876]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45304876,"title":"Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users Harm reduction and quitting techniques used by heavy MDMA (ecstasy) users","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45304876/Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users_Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":65854787,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854787/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854787/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_u.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65854787/Harm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_used_by_heavy_MDMA_ecstasy_users-libre.pdf?1614694005=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHarm_reduction_and_quitting_techniques_u.pdf\u0026Expires=1739697993\u0026Signature=delBIAFaKxzuKQa4hB1O1VGdNi-~Irtf0UQTO0trCiOAWFhb36i9gu5vZu69xe3okcx8SD4w7es0QkhGKSJCJVZcz4OJOVL~5~7IiSuLYYGkZeqK4Tt6rwSqRM6el2uIpmmsw-mKZ0ZxsswXt5KIDcKCiRmrVlFTURXbFffnc5nsDDZFfIKLwTPvL21loEXs0NmO8TycpdNx3KUe0LV2qVaDcUwWNFBHU4yWyw93W9lzOMt9qMmSIrc8-aul3nad~9nyVPV1w-LyP3Bkk-ser91Oi98DW9Pq~KY4q1-zql-xerbLUSvZsnDJT-kf-MYawyMrOovPxpS3wleXkeHPAQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304878"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304878/Stuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxiety_and_emotional_detachment_in_the_life_stories_of_people_with_eating_disorders"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Stuffing down feelings: Bereavement, anxiety and emotional detachment in the life stories of people with eating disorders" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854784/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304878/Stuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxiety_and_emotional_detachment_in_the_life_stories_of_people_with_eating_disorders">Stuffing down feelings: Bereavement, anxiety and emotional detachment in the life stories of people with eating disorders</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Health and Social Care in the Community</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study aimed to explore the life stories of people with eating disorders (EDs) in order to be...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study aimed to explore the life stories of people with eating disorders (EDs) in order to better understand possible contributing factors to their development. It used a qualitative Life Story method, in order to reduce the tendency to focus on the negative in the lives of people with EDs. Sixteen people in contact with an EDs char- ity participated. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis. Despite the attempt to elicit both positive and negative information, most themes from the life stories were negative. Here, the focus is on the three most common themes reported, which are less often reported in previous research: (a) substantial bereavement and loss; (b) major issues with anxiety and (c) difficulties coping with emotions. A model is pro- posed whereby major losses and the resultant anxiety can lead to emotional deaden- ing and ‘stuffing down feelings’ with food, leading on to an ED. This model implies that interventions need to consider psychological factors in an ED, especially the use of it as a dysfunctional coping strategy, as well as the behavioural and physiological aspects of an ED.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0fa0e0e58280d0394aabd33872332e0e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854784,"asset_id":45304878,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854784/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304878"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304878"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304878; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304878]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304878]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304878; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45304878']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0fa0e0e58280d0394aabd33872332e0e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45304878]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45304878,"title":"Stuffing down feelings: Bereavement, anxiety and emotional detachment in the life stories of people with eating disorders","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45304878/Stuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxiety_and_emotional_detachment_in_the_life_stories_of_people_with_eating_disorders","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":65854784,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854784/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Reid_Wilson_Walsh_Cartwright_Hammersley_16635377.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854784/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Stuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxie.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65854784/Reid_Wilson_Walsh_Cartwright_Hammersley_16635377-libre.pdf?1614694007=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStuffing_down_feelings_Bereavement_anxie.pdf\u0026Expires=1739697993\u0026Signature=D9u2gTDeYNtB3R-lqJX51bP0i-abRDecbb2vmS5Yhn3lb6j39n2LjMwK8j8aCxXM9~8TiW7Ck3CurfmFv4kC8TRsn7VWZ8CDE4OK9g3ZcmZwZHroso96ke1czfY04bp0ABAdIxaGDDr~xYEcLa3ix8vh-VLOiSJEOKSo09D2chnEhgdMxHI2WALhqVu4A0yMengUkTe6zeKQRNx2nGeOcHeGwtVAAcOPUNQJmIHggI8iQE2Ij-gpnyfEw4pdwVqVgReCrsGURCSD4wZOLlY0tR3YLU65NxtAyt7jwmq~rV3sG2vT6lcsiO9G0TPZhzRLLYiPH103fnSMyfH7E5j2~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304879"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304879/Testing_the_Constraint_Theory_of_Addiction_Cannabis_Constraints_Discriminate_Users_from_Nonusers_and_Heavy_from_Light_Users"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Testing the Constraint Theory of Addiction: Cannabis Constraints Discriminate Users from Nonusers and Heavy from Light Users" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854786/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304879/Testing_the_Constraint_Theory_of_Addiction_Cannabis_Constraints_Discriminate_Users_from_Nonusers_and_Heavy_from_Light_Users">Testing the Constraint Theory of Addiction: Cannabis Constraints Discriminate Users from Nonusers and Heavy from Light Users</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Addiction Research and Theory</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Constraint theory (Hammersley, 2014) offers a novel way of understanding addiction as a lack of c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Constraint theory (Hammersley, 2014) offers a novel way of understanding addiction as a lack of cognitive, behavioural, and social constraints on substance use. Here, cannabis constraints were studied in a large online opportunity sample: N � 302; 205 men, 97 women. Age ranged from 14 to 60 years (mean � 25, SD � 8.0). Most participants were from UK or North America. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing 15 cannabis constraints and standard self-report frequency measures of drug use. Factor analysis of the constraint questionnaire found 15 factors, similar to those proposed theoretically. ese factors could discriminate well between past and current users and heavy and light users. e best dis-criminator was concerns about the possibility of becoming addicted; the less concerned the heavier was use, although those who actually felt addicted were more concerned than others. Past users also constrained due to using legal highs instead, concerns about illegality, and using only when others used. Light users constrained due to availability and cost issues, as well as unpleasant effects. ese findings suggest that there is utility in constraint theory and that heavy use occurs due to a relative lack of constraints.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ab8eab16c8b6e450dedbf3715e7d49d1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854786,"asset_id":45304879,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854786/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304879"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304879"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304879; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304875"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304875/Trauma_Violence_and_Recovery_Hammersley_Reid_Dalgarno_Wallace_and_Liddell_9073_Article_Text"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Trauma, Violence and Recovery Hammersley Reid Dalgarno Wallace and Liddell 9073 Article Text" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854783/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304875/Trauma_Violence_and_Recovery_Hammersley_Reid_Dalgarno_Wallace_and_Liddell_9073_Article_Text">Trauma, Violence and Recovery Hammersley Reid Dalgarno Wallace and Liddell 9073 Article Text</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JasonWallace34">Jason Wallace</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Qualitative Research in Medicine & Healthcare</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> 55 drug injectors currently in recovery. It focusses on different types of violence and trauma t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">55 drug injectors currently in recovery. It focusses on different types of violence and trauma that occurred whilst using drugs. Stories told of very severe and repeated traumas often involving extreme violence. One motive for escalating and continuing drug use was avoidant coping to deaden the emotions and thoughts regarding these traumas. Many traumas were due partly to the criminal drug milieu, so respondents were in a vicious cycle of using opiates and other sedative drugs to cope with the consequences of being involved in a lifestyle of using, supplying and obtaining illegal sedative drugs. Drugs were used as a dynamic method of self-medication or avoidant coping to cope with life in a criminal milieu. Traumatic events were more often described as worsening the lifestyle than as being motives for quitting. Amongst the traumas recounted were many incidents of extreme violence. Using drugs to block the psycho- logical effects of such traumas may help explain why people persist using opiates despite experiencing evident serious harms. Interven- tions need to recognise this, be trauma-aware and appreciate that violence and trauma have severe adverse effects on drug injectors even when they are themselves hardened and violent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e63517b1031e1662e3906c88261d341" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854783,"asset_id":45304875,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854783/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304875"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304875"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304875; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304875]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304875]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304875; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45304875']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304874"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304874/Schizotypy_but_not_Cannabis_Use_Modestly_Predicts_Psychotogenic_Experiences_A_Cross_Sectional_Study_Using_the_Oxford_Liverpool_Inventory_of_Feelings_and_Experiences_O_LIFE"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Schizotypy but not Cannabis Use Modestly Predicts Psychotogenic Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854785/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304874/Schizotypy_but_not_Cannabis_Use_Modestly_Predicts_Psychotogenic_Experiences_A_Cross_Sectional_Study_Using_the_Oxford_Liverpool_Inventory_of_Feelings_and_Experiences_O_LIFE">Schizotypy but not Cannabis Use Modestly Predicts Psychotogenic Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AireyNicola">Nicola Airey</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Addiction</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective. Cannabis use predicts psychosis in longitudinal studies, but it is difficult to infer ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective. Cannabis use predicts psychosis in longitudinal studies, but it is difficult to infer causation. Some precursor variables predict both, including childhood trauma and adversity. Additionally, some of the desired effects of cannabis use resemble the symptoms of psychosis. It would be preferable to assess psychotomimetic or "unusual" experiences that include psychotic symptoms but without assuming pathology. Finally, it is possible that similar people are prone to psychosis and drawn to cannabis use, perhaps, because they are sensitive or attracted to unusual experiences. Schizotypy provides a trait measure of proneness to unusual experiences. e study aimed to examine cross-sectionally relationships between cannabis use, schizotypy, and unusual experiences whilst controlling for current trauma symptoms. Method. A volunteer online sample (n � 129, 64% women, predominantly students) who had used cannabis at least once was recruited. People who reported active effects of past trauma were excluded with a brief primary care posttraumatic stress disorder screen. Participants completed the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experience, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, and measures of substance use and sociodemographics. Results. e majority of respondents recounted unusual experiences after cannabis use, and many of these might have been considered symptoms of psychosis if they had received medical attention. In regression analysis, the only predictor of the unusual experiences scale of O-LIFE was schizotypy (measured by the remaining subscales; 4% of variance). ere were no correlations between cannabis use frequency and schizotypy or unusual experiences. Conclusions. ese findings suggest that, after controlling for schizotypy and excluding people who are actively experiencing the effects of past trauma, frequency of cannabis use does not predict unusual experiences. However, individuals with schizotypal personality traits may have more unusual experiences when using cannabis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="86aa946c326c6a0a58ab7316d042e726" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854785,"asset_id":45304874,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854785/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304874"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304874"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304874; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304877"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304877/Sugars_and_obesity_Meta_analysis_establishes_the_strength_of_the_correlation_not_the_cause"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sugars and obesity: Meta-analysis establishes the strength of the correlation, not the cause" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854781/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304877/Sugars_and_obesity_Meta_analysis_establishes_the_strength_of_the_correlation_not_the_cause">Sugars and obesity: Meta-analysis establishes the strength of the correlation, not the cause</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nutrition Bulletin</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">No abstract</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="94f2d5aaf05103da567fd997154d91f4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854781,"asset_id":45304877,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854781/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304877"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304877"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304877; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304877]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45304877]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304877; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45304877']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45304873"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304873/Schema_Modes_Trauma_and_Disordered_Eating"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Schema Modes, Trauma and Disordered Eating" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65854782/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45304873/Schema_Modes_Trauma_and_Disordered_Eating">Schema Modes, Trauma and Disordered Eating</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley">Richard Hammersley</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HalyeyGoddard">Halyey Goddard</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cognitive Psychotherapy</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> Maladaptive schema modes may mediate between trauma and disordered eating, however there is litt...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Maladaptive schema modes may mediate between trauma and disordered eating, however there is little relevant evidence. This study aimed to predict disordered eating from modes, trauma and age & gender. Also, to re-examine the factor structure of the Schema Mode Inventory for Eating Disorders, using an online cross-sectional survey of 612 volunteer participants aged 18 – 65, recruited from online eating disorder support groups, including people with and without diagnosed eating disorders. Measures were sociodemographic variables, the SMI-ED-SF, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ). Confirmatory factor analysis produced 16 factors similar to the 16 modes. Differences were that Vulnerable Child, Happy Child and Healthy Adult appeared as a one factor, that all ED items appeared as one factor, and that Bully & Attack and Self-Aggrandizer modes appeared combined. In stepwise linear regression, EDE- Q scores was predicted by Total maladaptive mode score (37.3% of variance), Total adaptive mode score (1.5%) variance, Vulnerable Child (2.8%), Detached Self-Soother (1.5%). Other modes accounted for 1% or less of variance. Schema modes predicted EDE-Q, but the stable existence of discrete persona-like modes was less clear. Further research should refine the structure of SMI-ED-SF and relate modes to interpersonal traumas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="23c8dc1380c6f169411f3d9a75e0f348" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65854782,"asset_id":45304873,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65854782/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45304873"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45304873"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45304873; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="26567454"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/26567454/Towards_a_rational_drugs_policy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Towards a rational drugs policy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46859031/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/26567454/Towards_a_rational_drugs_policy">Towards a rational drugs policy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The final two chapters of Drugs Policy and Practice in Health and Social Care. They look at how a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The final two chapters of Drugs Policy and Practice in Health and Social Care. They look at how a rational drugs policy might be developed</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71280bdcbc89a2273364904663ce9a06" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46859031,"asset_id":26567454,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46859031/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="26567454"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26567454"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26567454; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26567454]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26567454]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26567454; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='26567454']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "71280bdcbc89a2273364904663ce9a06" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=26567454]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":26567454,"title":"Towards a rational drugs policy","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26567454/Towards_a_rational_drugs_policy","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":46859031,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46859031/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Drugs_ch_5_6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46859031/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Towards_a_rational_drugs_policy.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46859031/Drugs_ch_5_6-libre.pdf?1467124884=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTowards_a_rational_drugs_policy.pdf\u0026Expires=1739697993\u0026Signature=SkcIiiHQDTZWVPKHNCe5BCdeYI8~CqxSgyJXn-CYBwpDyYf2ZZIthJ8pjNl-eCUtZbiRCWtTMQGU-iu9wv5Gyr52Bav96jopRcGh8PHIjRKnFntH0axAwVhkXleETrnSMmtJKb5d91~3Pk6tCJ3JBdkt~zCSJS6pqfqvz0PDPT6lnk42Jau4R3ssIWcWwHSabZuhsAIJbzQPULhTaXpoXd-~PkLyVpoTHTJWvJn31qI9-Z7Pw-lBxJ4uB9vw2h870pUUwbXWuNeqwEEeOgrZp9sc3CjbKtQT322z5pXf6ZCpxlTClWMuHyVlh7pgJqXsgdteTnIAcsNdh5848iWGbg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10358330"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10358330/How_to_measure_mood_in_Nutrition_Research"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How to measure mood in Nutrition Research" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36424680/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10358330/How_to_measure_mood_in_Nutrition_Research">How to measure mood in Nutrition Research</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mood is widely assessed in nutrition research, usually with rating scales. A core assumption is t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mood is widely assessed in nutrition research, usually with rating scales. A core assumption is that positive mood reinforces ingestion, so it is important to measure mood well. Four relevant theoretical issues are reviewed: (i) the distinction between protracted and transient mood; (ii) the distinction between mood and emotion; (iii) the phenomenology of mood as an unstable tint to consciousness rather than a distinct state of consciousness; (iv) moods can be caused by social and cognitive processes as well as physiological ones. Consequently, mood is difficult to measure and mood rating is easily influenced by non-nutritive aspects of feeding, the psychological, social and physical environment where feeding occurs, and the nature of the rating system employed. Some of the difficulties are illustrated by reviewing experiments looking at the impact of food on mood. The mood-rating systems in common use in nutrition research are then reviewed, the requirements of a better mood-rating system are described, and guidelines are provided for a considered choice of mood-rating system including that assessment should: have two main dimensions; be brief; balance simplicity and comprehensiveness; be easy to use repeatedly. Also mood should be assessed only under conditions where cognitive biases have been considered and controlled.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="53f57dca0fc376c8a160b4dbbeda158b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36424680,"asset_id":10358330,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36424680/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10358330"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10358330"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10358330; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "53f57dca0fc376c8a160b4dbbeda158b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10358330]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10358330,"title":"How to measure mood in Nutrition Research","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10358330/How_to_measure_mood_in_Nutrition_Research","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":36424680,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36424680/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Hammersley_Reid_Atkin_How_to_Measure_Mood.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36424680/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"How_to_measure_mood_in_Nutrition_Researc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36424680/Hammersley_Reid_Atkin_How_to_Measure_Mood-libre.pdf?1422441250=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHow_to_measure_mood_in_Nutrition_Researc.pdf\u0026Expires=1739697993\u0026Signature=VIf-vGQ6ze2fgJ0cmzxhA9iIbFblUD8yT4o-aM-AKcAmQkX4hhxkGh2YMh3EfsWuYFcVJLaqU8gP-XbOrAah5ZEtTE7W0yFz6AVr03FgIn~UvhndOCKda~icqFQrqsySCgGy0yZ0OHN4uKqi1uuJRlaZXbc5yi6JoTqMOfzDAkozLmYrdE8GkH5-21RyVbcifQdto-AVpbciKQkiLlr9nrameoJmA0RaeBoGu22l~veTSPEttRE2SxNFN7uoP0n~2zG0KSMCMKyY8Tr0AuLrGr0ifLUw5vuObsBuaOWa4HlxbN4ZV6sy9QDXP2yKK9SqkZty8-duLBMbrIAAj2MfZg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9267326"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9267326/Higher_Education_as_an_Intrinsic_good"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Higher Education as an Intrinsic good" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35532867/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9267326/Higher_Education_as_an_Intrinsic_good">Higher Education as an Intrinsic good</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A few years after I got my Dirst lectureship, my father retired from the Department of History at...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A few years after I got my Dirst lectureship, my father retired from the Department of History at Edinburgh. Around then, he remarked to me over coffee that he had never expected to see the day when education became unfashionable. When my father grew up in 1920s Germany, then at public school in England -- where his parents hoped the communism would be knocked out of him --education was seen as paramount. As long as the population was uneducated and ignorant people could be exploited in awful ways, and could also be encouraged to commit barbarities such as in Nazi Germany and, it turned out, the Soviet Union. By my father's light education and civilisation (in the most modernist sense of the word) did not only go hand in hand, but were two sides of the same coin, for truly civilised things tended to require educated appreciation. Fine wine was better than beer, classical music superior to pop, TV versions of history were unspeakably incorrect and stupid, and instant coffee an abomination.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ae520728c5ab4945fc65555c938200d4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35532867,"asset_id":9267326,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35532867/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9267326"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9267326"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9267326; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9267326]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9267326]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9267326; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='9267326']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ae520728c5ab4945fc65555c938200d4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=9267326]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":9267326,"title":"Higher Education as an Intrinsic good","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9267326/Higher_Education_as_an_Intrinsic_good","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":35532867,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35532867/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"University_education_as_an_intrinsic_good.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35532867/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Higher_Education_as_an_Intrinsic_good.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/35532867/University_education_as_an_intrinsic_good-libre.pdf?1415786983=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHigher_Education_as_an_Intrinsic_good.pdf\u0026Expires=1739697993\u0026Signature=ERy5YN24DCS~XFW4rImV9k6u6Z36lGww~dTqutWTZBoV0v~FQTus--GUo5nx3IoZWjsKY1g6U4dgBlc0gGW6ECKP5tJyxsqaZOniI4xnDpzhUeBTqtob6Bo2JrUAwVh1Lhs81YfVBcdchTg7ETZ-5gd3-G8CxjSxMUoJx9sDBlE58GZAkoi14eKw5Jv3N3mCeFRzuY82x0TESq2HMGRx4-UfRD5aWwOOwcdZkkJLXPl7JXvHtOIEqpzPsjv8UEOM9up9dXtA6R7lGeyunkI1cIbfZWCraZdgyB24llPNXPg5vM7v84VjM~SH5P1jVKAVe8OWaja1FO~7lNFhJa9aaw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6099814"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6099814/Neknomination_A_Psychological_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Neknomination: A Psychological Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33011018/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6099814/Neknomination_A_Psychological_Perspective">Neknomination: A Psychological Perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There has been a flurry of media concern over the Neknomination craze, where people down a large ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There has been a flurry of media concern over the Neknomination craze, where people down a large quantity of alcohol very quickly, and often do something else stupid as well, post the video on the internet, then nominate someone else to surpass their feat within 24 hours. So far there have been two deaths in England and Wales, and others in other countries. Drinking stupid, huge quantities of alcohol quickly is not a new thing, although in the past filming it was cumbersome and the internet did not exist. The deaths are tragic, but so are the much larger number of deaths by alcohol poisoning that have nothing to do with dares on the internet.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="718f964cedc704c80ed3c223fbc10a27" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33011018,"asset_id":6099814,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33011018/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6099814"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6099814"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6099814; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6099814]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6099814]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6099814; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='6099814']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="6099890"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/6099890/Unthinking_Drinking_Some_difficulties_with_measuring_alcohol_intake_and_their_implications_for_policy_and_practice"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Unthinking Drinking: Some difficulties with measuring alcohol intake and their implications for policy and practice" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/33011061/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/6099890/Unthinking_Drinking_Some_difficulties_with_measuring_alcohol_intake_and_their_implications_for_policy_and_practice">Unthinking Drinking: Some difficulties with measuring alcohol intake and their implications for policy and practice</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To set safe limits for alcohol intake or establish how alcohol causes crime and disorder, it woul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To set safe limits for alcohol intake or establish how alcohol causes crime and disorder, it would be necessary to measure people's alcohol intake accurately and correlate this to problems. This paper will show in some detail that it is not possible to measure alcohol intake accurately or to predict the effects of alcohol from how much people have drunk. While more alcohol tends to cause more problems, one cannot set cut-offs for 'sensible' drinking during a session, a day or a week. Drinking less is the best health and safety advice. The nature of this topic, including concerns about 'binge drinking' are an interesting illustration of some of the deficient ways that crime and risks are commonly thought about.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b3a73b2b3241ed68972a225540a71bb1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33011061,"asset_id":6099890,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33011061/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6099890"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6099890"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6099890; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5650629"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5650629/Trauma_and_Recovery_amongst_people_who_have_injected_drugs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Trauma and Recovery amongst people who have injected drugs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32711821/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5650629/Trauma_and_Recovery_amongst_people_who_have_injected_drugs">Trauma and Recovery amongst people who have injected drugs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dc7f15089bafda28b58f816e8859f58b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32711821,"asset_id":5650629,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32711821/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5650629"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5650629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5650629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5650629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5650629]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5650629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5650629']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dc7f15089bafda28b58f816e8859f58b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5650629]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5650629,"title":"Trauma and Recovery amongst people who have injected drugs","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5650629/Trauma_and_Recovery_amongst_people_who_have_injected_drugs","owner_id":11824,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":11824,"first_name":"Richard","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Hammersley","page_name":"RichardHammersley","domain_name":"hull","created_at":"2008-10-28T00:25:19.587-07:00","display_name":"Richard Hammersley","url":"https://hull.academia.edu/RichardHammersley"},"attachments":[{"id":32711821,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32711821/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Trauma__Recovery_Report.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32711821/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Trauma_and_Recovery_amongst_people_who_h.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32711821/Trauma__Recovery_Report-libre.pdf?1391191018=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTrauma_and_Recovery_amongst_people_who_h.pdf\u0026Expires=1739697993\u0026Signature=V-tofoBZL5biBYrxBStJrVB5hpc7MHvOEMbxWitRY7BEUMK2crUHmqCQyhLdy72FTkR8cdbHIuoFDTFUmLn2AmClfkomz9R9S46t-ZJmcc8b0A~b3ztJm0kdAoRn3nJyvEdPLcEWmShMM-WYmXNVGSzFJIlZPPwqjcEIruP1uBg-lcqVw8ubonSxNCaJpb-W1HqJSPpPlNf3adPc0uhQrXJWniYH8W~Smn518jUtygxdAiUTRRm9YV~13DxySXECCm0v2VMfNCg3g4BgR~iFo~~pO2bDy6UC4ziOwxDLgar1HREACQbAEx05DIJ0864HiqJvQ1Iq64ph4c3PT0Eo9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="2632676"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/2632676/Obesity_and_Binge_Eating_Disorder_and_Interpretative_Phenomenological_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35494054/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/2632676/Obesity_and_Binge_Eating_Disorder_and_Interpretative_Phenomenological_Analysis">Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objectives: To explore the experiences of women who live with the diagnosis of binge eating disor...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objectives: To explore the experiences of women who live with the diagnosis of binge eating disorder and obesity (BMI>44), in order to promote a clearer understanding of this condition and the treatment expectations of the individual. Methods: Qualitative interviews (n=5) were conducted with women attending group therapy and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Participants reported several themes, the most common being overweight in childhood, poor quality of life and uncontrolled eating. Other themes were social isolation, stigmatisation experienced from the general public and health professionals, and the participants' vision of effective treatment. Conclusion: Women with binge eating disorder and obesity reported long histories of emotional and binge eating, as well as stigmatisation regarding their body size and their 'shameful', secretive eating binges.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5bd6ea333df02df3cf6d006622d6a915" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35494054,"asset_id":2632676,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35494054/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2632676"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2632676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2632676; 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Methods: (1) Critical review of the predominant paradigm that assumes that substance dependence is a pathological state fundamentally caused by the neuropsychopharmacological effects of drugs (NPP paradigm) identified four counterfactual assumptions. Contrary to the NPP paradigm: (I) Dependence can occur on atypical substances and other things; (II) Dependence is a complex, gradated phenomenon, not a state; (III) Heavy protracted substance use can occur without dependence; (IV) Neuropsychopharmacological interventions against dependence</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="42090f9f22fd3a73045a3b50cc790539" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30634975,"asset_id":2632670,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30634975/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="2632670"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2632670"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2632670; 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They were very well received but have since fallen into disuse. I thought others might benefit from them.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2964f14086a63651faae35fc472b28c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120191417,"asset_id":126291649,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120191417/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126291649"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126291649"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126291649; 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