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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Indo-European basis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-European_basis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iðunn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idun" title="Idun – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Idun" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="إدون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ідун – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ідун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dduna" title="Íduna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Íduna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idunn" title="Idunn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Idunn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idun" title="Idun – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Idun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idun_(G%C3%B6ttin)" title="Idun (Göttin) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Idun (Göttin)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idunn" title="Idunn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Idunn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Ιντούν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιντούν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایدون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایدون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idunn" title="Idunn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Idunn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%91%94" title="이둔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이둔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iduna" title="Iduna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iduna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn_(norr%C3%A6n_go%C3%B0afr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Iðunn (norræn goðafræði) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Iðunn (norræn goðafræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אידון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אידון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iduna" title="Iduna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iduna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iduna" title="Iduna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iduna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idun" title="Idun – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Idun" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA%E3%83%B3" title="イズン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イズン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idunn" title="Idunn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Idunn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudinna_Idunn" title="Gudinna Idunn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gudinna Idunn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idun" title="Idun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Idun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iduna" title="Iduna – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iduna" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idunna" title="Idunna – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Idunna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Идунн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идунн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idun" title="Idun – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Idun" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Идуна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Идуна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iduna" title="Iduna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iduna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idun" title="Idun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Idun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="อิดุนน์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิดุนน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BD" title="Ідунн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ідунн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B0unn" title="Iðunn – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Iðunn" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%99%BB" title="伊登 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊登" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q204691#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norse goddess</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Idun" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Idun_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Idun (disambiguation)">Idun (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ydun_(1858)_by_H._W._Bissen_-_angle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ydun_%281858%29_by_H._W._Bissen_-_angle.jpg/220px-Ydun_%281858%29_by_H._W._Bissen_-_angle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ydun_%281858%29_by_H._W._Bissen_-_angle.jpg/330px-Ydun_%281858%29_by_H._W._Bissen_-_angle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Ydun_%281858%29_by_H._W._Bissen_-_angle.jpg/440px-Ydun_%281858%29_by_H._W._Bissen_-_angle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><i>Ydun</i> (1858) by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wilhelm_Bissen" title="Herman Wilhelm Bissen">Herman Wilhelm Bissen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>, <b>Iðunn</b> is a goddess associated with <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a> and youth. Iðunn is attested in the <i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i>, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i>, written in the 13th century by <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>. In both sources, she is described as the wife of the <a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">skaldic</a> god <a href="/wiki/Bragi" title="Bragi">Bragi</a>, and in the <i>Prose Edda</i>, also as a keeper of apples and granter of <a href="/wiki/Eternal_youth" title="Eternal youth">eternal youthfulness</a>. </p><p>The <i>Prose Edda</i> relates how <a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a> was once forced by the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötunn</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ejazi" title="Þjazi">Þjazi</a> to lure Iðunn out of <a href="/wiki/Asgard" title="Asgard">Asgard</a> and into a wood with the promise of apples even fairer than her own. Þjazi, in the form of an <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagle</a>, abducts Iðunn from the wood, bearing her off to his home. Iðunn's absence causes the gods to grow old and grey, and they realize that Loki is responsible for her disappearance. Under duress, Loki promises to bring her back and, setting out in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcon</a>, eventually finds her alone at Þjazi's home. He turns her into a <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nut</a> and flies back toward Asgard. When Þjazi returns to find Iðunn gone, he assumes his eagle form once more and flies off in hot pursuit of Loki and his precious burden. The gods build a <a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">pyre</a> in the courtyard of Asgard and, just as Loki has stopped short of it, kindle it. Unable to halt his frenzied onrush, Þjazi plunges headlong through the fire, falling to the ground with his feathers aflame, whereupon the gods attack and kill him. </p><p>A number of theories surround Iðunn, including potential links to fertility, and her potential origin in <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European religion">Proto-Indo-European religion</a>. Long the subject of artworks, Iðunn is sometimes referenced in modern popular culture. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Iðunn</i> has been variously explained as meaning 'ever young', 'rejuvenator', or 'the rejuvenating one'.<sup id="cite_ref-IDUNN-NAME_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDUNN-NAME-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the modern <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English alphabet</a> lacks the <a href="/wiki/Eth" title="Eth">eth</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ð">ð</a>) character, <i>Iðunn</i> is sometimes <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicized</a> as <i><b>Idhunn</b></i>, <i><b>Idunn</b></i>, <i><b>Idun</b></i>, or <i><b>Ithun</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ANGLICIZATIONS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANGLICIZATIONS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Latin_declension#First_declension_(a)" title="Latin declension">-a suffix</a> is sometimes appended to denote femininity, resulting in forms such as <i><b>Iduna</b></i> and <i><b>Idunna</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ASUFFIX_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASUFFIX-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Iðunn</i> appears as a personal name in several historical sources and the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</a></i></span> records that it has been in use in Iceland as a personal name since the pagan period (10th century). <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</a></i></span> records two incidents of women by the name of <i>Iðunn</i>; Iðunn Arnardóttir, the daughter of an early settler, and Iðunn Molda-Gnúpsdóttir, granddaughter of one of the earliest settlers recorded in the book.<sup id="cite_ref-OLD-NORSE_SOURCES_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OLD-NORSE_SOURCES-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Iðunn</i> has been theorized as the origin of the Old English name <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idonea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idonea (page does not exist)">Idonea</a></i>. The 19th century author <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Mary_Yonge" title="Charlotte Mary Yonge">C.M. Yonge</a> writes that the derivation of <i>Idonea</i> from <i>Idunn</i> is "almost certain," noting that although <i>Idonea</i> may be "the feminine of the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">idoneus</i></span> (fit), its absence in the Romance countries may be taken as an indication that it was a mere classicising of the northern goddess of the apples of youth."<sup id="cite_ref-YONGE-307_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YONGE-307-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 19th century scholar <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a> proposed a potential etymological connection to the <a href="/wiki/Idis_(Germanic)" title="Idis (Germanic)">idisi</a>. Grimm states that "with the original form <i><a href="/wiki/Idis_(Germanic)" title="Idis (Germanic)">idis</a></i> the goddess Idunn may possibly be connected."<sup id="cite_ref-GRIMM402-403_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIMM402-403-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grimm further states that Iðunn may have been known with another name, and that "Iðunn would seem by Saem. 89a to be an Elvish word, but we do not hear of any other name for the goddess."<sup id="cite_ref-GRIMM333_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIMM333-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attestations">Attestations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetic_Edda"><i>Poetic Edda</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Poetic Edda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Idunn_and_Bragi_by_Blommer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Idunn_and_Bragi_by_Blommer.jpg/220px-Idunn_and_Bragi_by_Blommer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Idunn_and_Bragi_by_Blommer.jpg/330px-Idunn_and_Bragi_by_Blommer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Idunn_and_Bragi_by_Blommer.jpg/440px-Idunn_and_Bragi_by_Blommer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption><i>Bragi sitting playing the harp, Iðunn standing behind him</i> (1846) by <a href="/wiki/Nils_Blomm%C3%A9r" title="Nils Blommér">Nils Blommér</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Iðunn appears in the Poetic Edda poem <i><a href="/wiki/Lokasenna" title="Lokasenna">Lokasenna</a></i> and, included in some modern editions of the <i>Poetic Edda</i>, in the late poem <i><a href="/wiki/Hrafnagaldr_%C3%93%C3%B0ins" title="Hrafnagaldr Óðins">Hrafnagaldr Óðins</a></i>. </p><p>Iðunn is introduced as Bragi's wife in the prose introduction to the poem <i>Lokasenna</i>, where the two attend a feast held by <a href="/wiki/%C3%86gir" title="Ægir">Ægir</a>. In stanzas 16, 17, and 18, dialog occurs between <a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a> and Iðunn after Loki has insulted Bragi. In stanza 16, Iðunn (here <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicized</a> as <i>Idunn</i>) says: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p><i>Idunn said:</i><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">I ask you, Bragi, to do a service to your blood-kin</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">and all the adoptive relations,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">that you shouldn't say words of blame to Loki,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">in Ægir's hall.</span><br /> <br /> <i>Loki said:</i><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">Be silent, Idunn, I declare that of all women</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">you're the most man-crazed,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">since you placed your arms, washed bright,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">about your brother's slayer</span><br /> <br /> <i>Idunn said:</i><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">I'm not saying words of blame to Loki,</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">in Ægir's hall</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">I quietened Bragi, made talkative with beer;</span><br /> <span class="mw-poem-indented" style="display: inline-block; margin-inline-start: 1em;">and all living things love him.<sup id="cite_ref-LARRINGTON87-88_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LARRINGTON87-88-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>In this exchange, Loki has accused Iðunn of having slept with the killer of her brother. However, neither this brother nor killer are accounted for in any other surviving source.<sup id="cite_ref-LINDOW198-199_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LINDOW198-199-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterward, the goddess <a href="/wiki/Gefjon" title="Gefjon">Gefjon</a> speaks up and the poem continues in turn. </p><p>In the poem <i><a href="/wiki/Hrafnagaldr_%C3%93%C3%B0ins" title="Hrafnagaldr Óðins">Hrafnagaldr Óðins</a></i>, additional information is given about Iðunn, though this information is otherwise unattested. Here, Iðunn is identified as descending from <a href="/wiki/Elf#Old_Norse_texts" title="Elf">elves</a>, as one of "<a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ivaldi" title="Sons of Ivaldi">Ivaldi's elder children</a>" and as a <a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADs" title="Dís">dís</a> who dwells in <a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">dales</a>. Stanza 6 reads: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>In the dales dwells,<br /> the prescient Dís,<br /> from Yggdrasil's<br /> ash sunk down,<br /> of alfen race,<br /> Idun by name,<br /> the youngest of Ivaldi's<br /> elder children.<sup id="cite_ref-THORPE29_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THORPE29-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prose_Edda"><i>Prose Edda</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prose Edda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loki_and_Idun_-_John_Bauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Loki_and_Idun_-_John_Bauer.jpg/220px-Loki_and_Idun_-_John_Bauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Loki_and_Idun_-_John_Bauer.jpg/330px-Loki_and_Idun_-_John_Bauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Loki_and_Idun_-_John_Bauer.jpg/440px-Loki_and_Idun_-_John_Bauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption><i>Loki and Idun</i> (1911) by <a href="/wiki/John_Bauer_(illustrator)" title="John Bauer (illustrator)">John Bauer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Iðunn is introduced in the Prose Edda in section 26 of the Prose Edda book <i>Gylfaginning</i>. Here, Iðunn is described as Bragi's wife and keeper of an <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non-Latn">eski</i></span> (a wooden box made of <a href="/wiki/Ash_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash tree">ash wood</a> and often used for carrying personal possessions) within which she keeps apples. The apples are bitten into by the gods when they begin to grow old and they then become young again, which is described as occurring up until <a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a>. Gangleri (described as <a href="/wiki/Gylfi" title="Gylfi">King Gylfi</a> in disguise) states that it seems to him that the gods depend greatly upon Iðunn's good faith and care. With a laugh, High responds that misfortune once came close, that he could tell Gangleri about it, but first he must hear the names of more of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a>, and he continues providing information about gods.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES25_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES25-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the book <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1ldskaparm%C3%A1l" title="Skáldskaparmál">Skáldskaparmál</a></i>, Idunn is mentioned in its first chapter (numbered as 55) as one of eight <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">ásynjur</a> (goddesses) sitting in their thrones at a banquet in <a href="/wiki/Asgard" title="Asgard">Asgard</a> for Ægir.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES59_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES59-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chapter 56, Bragi tells Ægir about Iðunn's abduction by the <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunn" title="Jötunn">jötunn</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ejazi" title="Þjazi">Þjazi</a>. Bragi says that after hitting an eagle (Þjazi in disguise) with a pole, Loki finds himself stuck to the bird. Loki is pulled further and further into the sky, his feet banging against stones, gravel, and trees until, fearful that his arms will be pulled from their sockets, he roars for mercy, begging the eagle to set him free. The eagle agrees, but only on the condition that Loki make a solemn vow to lure Iðunn, bearing her apples of youth, from the safety of Asgard. Loki accepts Þjazi's conditions and returns to his friends Odin and <a href="/wiki/H%C5%93nir" title="Hœnir">Hœnir</a>. At the time agreed upon by Loki and Þjazi, Loki lures Iðunn out of Asgard into "a certain forest", telling her that he has discovered some apples that she would find worth keeping, and furthermore that she should bring her own apples with her so that she may compare them with the apples he has discovered. Þjazi arrives in eagle shape, snatches Iðunn, flies away with her and takes her to his home, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymheimr" title="Þrymheimr">Þrymheimr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES60_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES60-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Æsir begin to grow grey and old at the disappearance of Idunn. The Æsir assemble at a <a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">thing</a> where they ask one another when Iðunn had been seen last. The Æsir realize that the last time that Iðunn was seen was when she was going outside of Asgard with Loki, and so they have Loki arrested and brought to the thing. Loki is threatened with death and torture. Terrified, Loki says that if the goddess <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a> will lend him her "<a href="/wiki/Feather_cloak#Germanic" title="Feather cloak">falcon shape</a>" he will search for Iðunn in the land of <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunheimr" title="Jötunheimr">Jötunheimr</a>. Freyja lends the falcon shape to Loki, and with it he flies north to Jötunheimr. One day later, Loki arrives at Þjazi's home. There he discovers that Þjazi is out at sea in a boat, having left Iðunn at home alone. Loki transforms the goddess into a <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nut</a>, grasps her in his claws, and flies away with her as fast as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES60_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES60-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Þjazi, arriving home to discover Iðunn gone, resumes his eagle shape and flies off in pursuit of Loki, his mighty wings stirring up a storm as he does so. The Æsir, seeing a falcon flying with a nut clutched in its claws and hotly pursued by an eagle, make haste to pile up a great heap of wood shavings and set it alight. The falcon flies over the battlements of Asgard and drops down behind the wall. The eagle, however, overshoots the falcon, and unable to stop, plunges through the fire, setting light to his feathers, and falling to the ground within the gates of Asgard, whereat the Æsir set upon the jötunn and kill him, leading the narrator to comment "and this killing is greatly renowned."<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES60_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES60-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In chapter 10, "husband of Iðunn" is given as a means of referring to Bragi.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES76_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES76-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In chapter 86, means of referring to Iðunn are given: "wife of Bragi", "keeper of the apples", and her apples "the Æsir's age old cure". Additionally, in connection to the story of her abduction by Þjazi, she may be referred to as "Þjazi's booty". A passage of the 10th-century poem <i><a href="/wiki/Haustl%C3%B6ng" title="Haustlöng">Haustlöng</a></i> where the skald <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0%C3%B3lfr_of_Hvinir" title="Þjóðólfr of Hvinir">Þjóðólfr of Hvinir</a> gives a lengthy description of a richly detailed shield he has received that features a depiction of the abduction of Iðunn. Within the cited portions of <i>Haustlöng</i>, Iðunn is referred to as "the maid who knew the Æsir's old age cure", "the gods' lady", "ale-<a href="/wiki/Gefn" class="mw-redirect" title="Gefn">Gefn</a>", "the Æsir's girl-friend", and once by name.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES86-88_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES86-88-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In chapter 33, Iðunn is cited as one of the six ásynjur visiting Ægir.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES95_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES95-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iðunn appears a final time in the <i>Prose Edda</i> in chapter 75, where she appears in a list of ásynjur.<sup id="cite_ref-FAULKES157_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAULKES157-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theories">Theories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Theories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apples_and_fertility">Apples and fertility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Apples and fertility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some surviving stories regarding Iðunn focus on her youth-maintaining apples. English scholar <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Ellis_Davidson" title="Hilda Ellis Davidson">Hilda Ellis Davidson</a> links apples to religious practices in <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a>. She points out that buckets of apples were found in the 9th-century <a href="/wiki/Oseberg_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Oseberg ship">Oseberg ship</a> burial site in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and that fruit and nuts (Iðunn having been described as being transformed into a nut in <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A1ldskaparm%C3%A1l" title="Skáldskaparmál">Skáldskaparmál</a></i>) have been found in the early graves of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> in England and elsewhere on the continent of Europe which may have had a symbolic meaning and also that nuts are still a recognized symbol of fertility in Southwest England.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSON165-166_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSON165-166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davidson notes a connection between apples and the <a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a>, a group of gods associated with <a href="/wiki/Fertility" title="Fertility">fertility</a> in Norse mythology, citing an instance of eleven "<a href="/wiki/Golden_apple" title="Golden apple">golden apples</a>" being given to woo the beautiful <a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr">Gerðr</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a>, who was acting as messenger for the major Vanir god <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> in stanzas 19 and 20 of <i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l" title="Skírnismál">Skírnismál</a></i>. In <i>Skírnismál</i>, Gerðr mentions her brother's slayer in stanza 16, which Davidson states has led to some suggestions that Gerðr may have been connected to Iðunn as they are similar in this way. Davidson also notes a further connection between fertility and apples in Norse mythology; in chapter 2 of the <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lsunga_saga" title="Völsunga saga">Völsunga saga</a></i> when the major goddess <a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a> sends King <a href="/wiki/Rerir" title="Rerir">Rerir</a> an apple after he prays to Odin for a child, Frigg's messenger (in the guise of a <a href="/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">crow</a>) drops the apple in his lap as he sits atop a mound.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSON165-166_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSON165-166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rerir's wife's consumption of the apple results in a six-year pregnancy and the <a href="/wiki/Caesarean_section" title="Caesarean section">caesarean section</a> birth of their son—the hero <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lsung" title="Völsung">Völsung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSONROLES146-147_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSONROLES146-147-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davidson points out the "strange" phrase "apples of <a href="/wiki/Hel_(location)" title="Hel (location)">Hel</a>" used in an 11th-century poem by the skald Þórbjörn Brúnason. Davidson states this may imply that the apple was thought of by the skald as the food of the dead. Further, Davidson notes that the potentially Germanic goddess <a href="/wiki/Nehalennia" title="Nehalennia">Nehalennia</a> is sometimes depicted with apples and parallels exist in early Irish stories. Davidson asserts that while cultivation of the apple in Northern Europe extends back to at least the time of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and came to Europe from the Near East, the native varieties of apple trees growing in Northern Europe are small and bitter. Davidson concludes that in the figure of Iðunn "we must have a dim reflection of an old symbol: that of the guardian goddess of the life-giving fruit of the other world."<sup id="cite_ref-DAVIDSON165-166_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAVIDSON165-166-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-European_basis">Indo-European basis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Indo-European basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>David Knipe theorizes Iðunn's abduction by Thjazi in eagle form as an example of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Europeans" title="Proto-Indo-Europeans">Indo-European</a> motif "of an eagle who steals the celestial means of immortality." In addition, Knipe says that "a parallel to the theft of Iðunn's apples (symbols of fertility) has been noted in the Celtic myth where <a href="/wiki/Brian_(mythology)" title="Brian (mythology)">Brian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iuchar" class="mw-redirect" title="Iuchar">Iuchar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iucharba" class="mw-redirect" title="Iucharba">Icharba</a>, the sons of <a href="/wiki/Tuireann" title="Tuireann">Tuirenn</a>, assume the guise of hawks in order to steal sacred apples from the garden of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hisberna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hisberna (page does not exist)">Hisberna</a>. Here, too, there is pursuit, the guardians being female griffins."<sup id="cite_ref-KNIPE338-339_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KNIPE338-339-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">John Lindow</a> theorizes that the possible <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymological</a> meaning of <i>Iðunn</i>—'ever young'—would potentially allow Iðunn to perform her ability to provide eternal youthfulness to the gods without her apples, and further states that <i>Haustlöng</i> does not mention apples but rather refers to Iðunn as the "maiden who understood the eternal life of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a>." Lindow further theorizes that Iðunn's abduction is "one of the most dangerous moments" for the gods, as the general movement of female jötnar to the gods would be reversed.<sup id="cite_ref-LINDOW198-199_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LINDOW198-199-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding the accusations levelled towards Iðunn by Loki, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hollander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Hollander">Lee Hollander</a> opines that <i>Lokasenna</i> was intended to be humorous and that the accusations thrown by Loki in the poem are not necessarily to be taken as "generally accepted lore" at the time it was composed. Rather they are charges that are easy for Loki to make and difficult for his targets to disprove, or which they do not care to refute.<sup id="cite_ref-HOLLAND90_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOLLAND90-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his study of the skaldic poem <i><a href="/wiki/Haustl%C3%B6ng" title="Haustlöng">Haustlöng</a></i>, Richard North comments that "[Iðunn] is probably to be understood as an aspect of Freyja, a goddess whom the gods rely on for their youth and beauty [...]".<sup id="cite_ref-NORTHXIV_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NORTHXIV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_influence">Modern influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nordisk_familjebok_1876.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Nordisk_familjebok_1876.png/220px-Nordisk_familjebok_1876.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Nordisk_familjebok_1876.png/330px-Nordisk_familjebok_1876.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Nordisk_familjebok_1876.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>The logo of the first edition (1876) of the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">Encyclopedia</a> <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a></i></span> features a depiction of Iðunn</figcaption></figure> <p>Iðunn has been the subject of a number of artistic depictions. These depictions include <i>Idun</i> (statue, 1821) by <a href="/wiki/H._E._Freund" class="mw-redirect" title="H. E. Freund">H. E. Freund</a>, <i>Idun</i> (statue, 1843) and <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Idun som bortrövas av jätten Tjasse i örnhamn</i></span> (plaster statue, 1856) by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Qvarnstr%C3%B6m" title="Carl Gustaf Qvarnström">C. G. Qvarnström</a>, <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Brage sittande vid harpan, Idun stående bakom honom</i></span> (1846) by <a href="/wiki/Nils_Blomm%C3%A9r" title="Nils Blommér">Nils Blommér</a>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Iduns Rückkehr nach Valhalla</i></span> by C. Hansen (resulting in an 1862 woodcut modeled on the painting by C. Hammer), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bragi und Idun, Balder und Nanna</i></span> (drawing, 1882) by K. Ehrenberg, <i>Idun and the Apples</i> (1890) by <a href="/wiki/J._Doyle_Penrose" title="J. Doyle Penrose">J. Doyle Penrose</a>, <i>Brita as Iduna</i> (1901) by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Larsson" title="Carl Larsson">Carl Larsson</a>, <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Loki och Idun</i></span> (1911) by <a href="/wiki/John_Bauer_(illustrator)" title="John Bauer (illustrator)">John Bauer</a>, <i>Idun</i> (watercolor, 1905) by <a href="/wiki/B._E._Ward" class="mw-redirect" title="B. E. Ward">B. E. Ward</a>, and <i>Idun</i> (1901) by E. Doepler. </p><p>The 19th-century composer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a></i> opera cycle features Freia, a version of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a> combined with Iðunn.<sup id="cite_ref-SIMEK90_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMEK90-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several publications have been named after the goddess. The publication of the United States–based <a href="/wiki/Germanic_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic neopaganism">Germanic neopagan</a> group <a href="/wiki/The_Troth" title="The Troth">The Troth</a> (<i>Idunna</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Diana_L._Paxson" title="Diana L. Paxson">Diana L. Paxson</a>) derives its name from that of the goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-RABINOVITCHLEWIS209_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RABINOVITCHLEWIS209-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swedish women's journal <i><a href="/wiki/Idun_(magazine)" title="Idun (magazine)">Idun</a></i> depicted Idun with her basket of apples on its <a href="/wiki/Banner" title="Banner">banner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, an American Swedish-language women's journal, <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Nya Idun</i></span> ('New Idun'), was published from 1906 to 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The asteroid <a href="/wiki/176_Iduna" title="176 Iduna">176 Iduna</a> was named after the men's association <span title="Swedish-language text"><span lang="sv" style="font-style: normal;">Sällskapet Idun</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Idunn_Mons" title="Idunn Mons">Idunn Mons</a>, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_montes_on_Venus" title="List of montes on Venus">mons of the planet Venus</a>, is named after Iðunn. </p><p>In 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Maritime_Administration" title="Swedish Maritime Administration">Swedish Maritime Administration</a> renamed a recently-acquired second-hand <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Idun_(icebreaker)" title="Idun (icebreaker)"><i>Idun</i></a> to reflect how the ship, decades younger than the other Swedish icebreakers, would "rejuvenate" the aging state-owned fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IDUNN-NAME-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IDUNN-NAME_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For "ever young", see Lindow (2001) pp 198–199. For "Rejuvenator", see Orchard (1997) p 95; for "The rejuvenating one", see Simek (2007) p 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANGLICIZATIONS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ANGLICIZATIONS_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples include <i>Idun</i> in Davidson (1965), <i>Idunn</i> in Larrington (1999), and <i>Ithun</i> in Hollander (1990).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASUFFIX-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ASUFFIX_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples include <i>Iduna</i> in Thorpe (1907) and <i>Idunna</i> in Gräter (1812).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OLD-NORSE_SOURCES-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OLD-NORSE_SOURCES_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Turville-Petre (1964) p 186 and the <i>Landnámabók</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm">available online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161210191901/http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm">Archived</a> 10 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-YONGE-307-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-YONGE-307_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yonge (1884) p 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIMM402-403-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIMM402-403_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Grimm</a> (1882) pp 402–403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIMM333-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIMM333_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Grimm</a> (1882) p 333.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LARRINGTON87-88-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LARRINGTON87-88_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Larrington (1999:87–88).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LINDOW198-199-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LINDOW198-199_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LINDOW198-199_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lindow (2001:198–199).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THORPE29-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THORPE29_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thorpe (1866:29).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES25-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES25_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:25). For <i>eski</i> see Byock (2006:141).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES59-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES59_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:59).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES60-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES60_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES60_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES60_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:60).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES76-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES76_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:76).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES86-88-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES86-88_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:86–88).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES95-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES95_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:95).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAULKES157-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAULKES157_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faulkes (1995:157).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAVIDSON165-166-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DAVIDSON165-166_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAVIDSON165-166_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DAVIDSON165-166_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson (1965:165–166).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAVIDSONROLES146-147-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAVIDSONROLES146-147_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davidson (1998:146–147).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KNIPE338-339-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KNIPE338-339_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Knipe (1967:338–339).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOLLAND90-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HOLLAND90_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollander (1990:90).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NORTHXIV-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NORTHXIV_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">North (1997:xiv).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SIMEK90-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SIMEK90_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simek (2007:90).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RABINOVITCHLEWIS209-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RABINOVITCHLEWIS209_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabinovitch. Lewis (2004:209).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.ub.gu.se/kvinn/digtid/07/">"Göteborgs universitetsbibliotek: Idun"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gothenburg_University_Library" title="Gothenburg University Library">Gothenburg University Library</a></i> (in Swedish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gothenburg+University+Library&rft.atitle=G%C3%B6teborgs+universitetsbibliotek%3A+Idun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ub.gu.se%2Fkvinn%2Fdigtid%2F07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C3%B0unn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnder1956" class="citation book cs1">Ander, Oscar Fritiof (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturalheritage00ande"><i>The cultural heritage of the Swedish immigrant: Selected references</i></a>. Rock Island, Ill.: Augustana Book Concern. p. 169. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/484008473">484008473</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cultural+heritage+of+the+Swedish+immigrant%3A+Selected+references&rft.place=Rock+Island%2C+Ill.&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Augustana+Book+Concern&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F484008473&rft.aulast=Ander&rft.aufirst=Oscar+Fritiof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturalheritage00ande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C3%B0unn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkarstedt1917" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Skarstedt" title="Ernst Skarstedt">Skarstedt, Ernst</a> (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/svamfolket/0184.html"><i>Svensk-amerikanska folket i helg och söcken : strödda blad ur svensk-amerikanernas historia, deras öden och bedrifter, nederlag och segrar, livsintressen och förströelser, jämte biografiska uppgifter om ett antal märkesmän</i></a> (in Swedish). Björck & Börjesson. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/866595654">866595654</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220609115609/http://runeberg.org/svamfolket/0184.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Svensk-amerikanska+folket+i+helg+och+s%C3%B6cken+%3A+str%C3%B6dda+blad+ur+svensk-amerikanernas+historia%2C+deras+%C3%B6den+och+bedrifter%2C+nederlag+och+segrar%2C+livsintressen+och+f%C3%B6rstr%C3%B6elser%2C+j%C3%A4mte+biografiska+uppgifter+om+ett+antal+m%C3%A4rkesm%C3%A4n&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Bj%C3%B6rck+%26+B%C3%B6rjesson&rft.date=1917&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F866595654&rft.aulast=Skarstedt&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fsvamfolket%2F0184.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C3%B0unn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090708113028/http://www.astro.uu.se/~classe/svenska_ast-K081215.html">"Motiveringar till asteroidnamn med svensk anknytning"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a></i> (in Swedish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.uu.se/~classe/svenska_ast-K081215.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uppsala+University&rft.atitle=Motiveringar+till+asteroidnamn+med+svensk+anknytning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.uu.se%2F~classe%2Fsvenska_ast-K081215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C3%B0unn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sjofartsverket.se/sv/om-sjofartsverket/nyheter-och-press/nyheter/sa-ska-den-nya-isbrytaren-heta/">"Så ska den nya isbrytaren heta"</a>. <i>Sjöfartsverket</i> (in Swedish). 2 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sj%C3%B6fartsverket&rft.atitle=S%C3%A5+ska+den+nya+isbrytaren+heta&rft.date=2024-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sjofartsverket.se%2Fsv%2Fom-sjofartsverket%2Fnyheter-och-press%2Fnyheter%2Fsa-ska-den-nya-isbrytaren-heta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI%C3%B0unn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Byock, Jesse (Trans.) (2006). <i>The Prose Edda</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044755-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044755-5">0-14-044755-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Ellis_Davidson" title="Hilda Ellis Davidson">Ellis Davidson, H. R.</a> (1965). <i>Gods And Myths Of Northern Europe</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-013627-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-013627-4">0-14-013627-4</a></li> <li>Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). <i>Edda</i>. <a href="/wiki/Everyman%27s_Library" title="Everyman's Library">Everyman</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-460-87616-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-460-87616-3">0-460-87616-3</a></li> <li>Gräter, Friedrich David (Editor) (1812). <i>Idunna und Hermode: ein alterthumszeitung</i>. Breslau: Grass und Barth.</li> <li>Grimm, Jacob (James Steven Stallybrass Trans.) (1882). <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mythologie" title="Deutsche Mythologie">Teutonic Mythology: Translated from the Fourth Edition with Notes and Appendix by James Stallybrass</a></i>. Volume I. London: George Bell and Sons.</li> <li>Hollander, Lee (Trans.) (1990). <i>The Poetic Edda</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-76499-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-76499-5">0-292-76499-5</a></li> <li>Knipe, David M. (1967). "The Heroic Myths from Rgveda IV and the Ancient near East" from <i>History of Religions</i>, Vol. 6, No. 4 (May 1967).</li> <li>Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). <i>The Poetic Edda</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_World%27s_Classics" title="Oxford World's Classics">Oxford World's Classics</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-283946-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-283946-2">0-19-283946-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindow" title="John Lindow">Lindow, John</a> (2001). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KlT7tv3eMSwC">Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-515382-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-515382-0">0-19-515382-0</a>.</li> <li>North, Richard (1997). <i>The </i>Haustlǫng<i> of Þjóðólfr of Hvinir</i>. Hisarlik Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1874312206" title="Special:BookSources/1874312206">1874312206</a>.</li> <li>Orchard, Andy (1997). <i>Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend</i>. <a href="/wiki/Orion_Publishing_Group" title="Orion Publishing Group">Cassell</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-34520-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-34520-2">0-304-34520-2</a></li> <li>Rabinovitch, Shelley. Lewis, James (2004). <i>Encyclopedia Of Modern Witchcraft And Neo-Paganism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington Books">Citadel</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8065-2407-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8065-2407-3">0-8065-2407-3</a></li> <li>Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. <i>Dictionary of Northern Mythology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">D.S. Brewer</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85991-513-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85991-513-1">0-85991-513-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thorpe" title="Benjamin Thorpe">Thorpe, Benjamin</a> (Trans.) (1866). <i>Edda Sæmundar Hinns Frôða: The Edda of Sæmund the Learned.</i> Part I. London: Trübner & Co.</li> <li>Thorpe, Benjamin (Trans.). Blackwell, I. A. (Trans.) (1907). <i>The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson and the Younger Edda of Snorre Sturleson</i>. <a href="/wiki/Norr%C5%93na_Society" title="Norrœna Society">Norrœna Society</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Turville-Petre" title="Gabriel Turville-Petre">Turville-Petre, E. O. G.</a> (1964). <i>Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia</i>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Mary_Yonge" title="Charlotte Mary Yonge">Yonge, Charlotte Mary</a> (1884). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hItbAAAAMAAJ">History of Christian Names</a></i>. Macmillan and Co.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B0unn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:I%C3%B0unn" 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style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Æsir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alm%C3%A1ttki_%C3%A1ss" title="Almáttki áss">Almáttki áss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldr" title="Baldr">Baldr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bragi" title="Bragi">Bragi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dellingr" title="Dellingr">Dellingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forseti" title="Forseti">Forseti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimdall" title="Heimdall">Heimdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%B3%C3%B0r" title="Hermóðr">Hermóðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6%C3%B0r" title="Höðr">Höðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%93nir" title="Hœnir">Hœnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtreksj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Ítreksjóð">Ítreksjóð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3%C3%B0urr" title="Lóðurr">Lóðurr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loki" title="Loki">Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ni" title="Máni">Máni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meili" title="Meili">Meili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmir" title="Mímir">Mímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0i_and_Magni" title="Móði and Magni">Móði and Magni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93%C3%B0r" title="Óðr">Óðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor" title="Thor">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BDr" title="Týr">Týr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullr" title="Ullr">Ullr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1li" title="Váli">Váli (son of Odin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0arr" title="Víðarr">Víðarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vili_and_V%C3%A9" title="Vili and Vé">Vili and Vé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Ásynjur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_and_Bil" title="Hjúki and Bil">Bil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eir" title="Eir">Eir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigg" title="Frigg">Frigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulla" title="Fulla">Fulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefjon" title="Gefjon">Gefjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr">Gerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn%C3%A1_and_H%C3%B3fvarpnir" title="Gná and Hófvarpnir">Gná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hl%C3%ADn" title="Hlín">Hlín</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iðunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmr" title="Ilmr">Ilmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_and_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa">Irpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofn" title="Lofn">Lofn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanna_(Norse_deity)" title="Nanna (Norse deity)">Nanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6run" title="Njörun">Njörun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1n" title="Rán">Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rindr" title="Rindr">Rindr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1ga_and_S%C3%B6kkvabekkr" title="Sága and Sökkvabekkr">Sága</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sif" title="Sif">Sif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigyn" title="Sigyn">Sigyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6fn" title="Sjöfn">Sjöfn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska%C3%B0i" title="Skaði">Skaði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snotra" title="Snotra">Snotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3l_(Germanic_mythology)" title="Sól (Germanic mythology)">Sól</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn_(goddess)" title="Syn (goddess)">Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorger%C3%B0r_H%C3%B6lgabr%C3%BA%C3%B0r_and_Irpa" title="Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr and Irpa">Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0r" title="Þrúðr">Þrúðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1r" title="Vár">Vár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r" title="Vör">Vör</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingunar-Freyr" title="Ingunar-Freyr">Ingunar-Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi">Yngvi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gersemi" title="Gersemi">Gersemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullveig" title="Gullveig">Gullveig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnoss" title="Hnoss">Hnoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvasir" title="Kvasir">Kvasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Njörðr">Njörðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister-wife_of_Nj%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Sister-wife of Njörðr">Sister-wife of Njörðr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_j%C3%B6tnar_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of jötnar in Norse mythology">Jötnar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86gir" title="Ægir">Ægir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvaldi" title="Alvaldi">Alvaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrbo%C3%B0a" title="Angrboða">Angrboða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurbo%C3%B0a" title="Aurboða">Aurboða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baugi" title="Baugi">Baugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_(j%C3%B6tunn)" title="Beli (jötunn)">Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergelmir" title="Bergelmir">Bergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestla" title="Bestla">Bestla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6l%C3%BEorn" title="Bölþorn">Bölþorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BDleistr" title="Býleistr">Býleistr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg%C3%BE%C3%A9r" title="Eggþér">Eggþér</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1rbauti" title="Fárbauti">Fárbauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lvar" title="Fjölvar">Fjölvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornj%C3%B3t" title="Fornjót">Fornjót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangr" title="Gangr">Gangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geirr%C3%B6%C3%B0r" title="Geirröðr">Geirröðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillingr" title="Gillingr">Gillingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%A1lp_and_Greip" title="Gjálp and Greip">Gjálp and Greip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Gríðr">Gríðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnl%C3%B6%C3%B0" title="Gunnlöð">Gunnlöð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymir_(father_of_Ger%C3%B0r)" title="Gymir (father of Gerðr)">Gymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har%C3%B0greipr" title="Harðgreipr">Harðgreipr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helblindi" title="Helblindi">Helblindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helreginn" title="Helreginn">Helreginn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hljod" title="Hljod">Hljod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%A6svelgr" title="Hræsvelgr">Hræsvelgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmger%C3%B0r" title="Hrímgerðr">Hrímgerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmgr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímgrímnir">Hrímgrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Hrímnir">Hrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hro%C3%B0r" title="Hroðr">Hroðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrungnir" title="Hrungnir">Hrungnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrymr" title="Hrymr">Hrymr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymir" title="Hymir">Hymir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrrokkin" title="Hyrrokkin">Hyrrokkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0i" title="Iði">Iði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dm" title="Ím">Ím</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnsaxa" title="Járnsaxa">Járnsaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laufey_(mythology)" title="Laufey (mythology)">Laufey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leikn" title="Leikn">Leikn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litr" title="Litr">Litr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logi_(mythology)" title="Logi (mythology)">Logi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6g%C3%BErasir" title="Mögþrasir">Mögþrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narfi" title="Narfi">Narfi (father of Nott)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6kkm%C3%ADmir" title="Sökkmímir">Sökkmímir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surtr" title="Surtr">Surtr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suttungr" title="Suttungr">Suttungr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ejazi" title="Þjazi">Þjazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B6kk" title="Þökk">Þökk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%ADvaldi" title="Þrívaldi">Þrívaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0gelmir" title="Þrúðgelmir">Þrúðgelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymr" title="Þrymr">Þrymr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atgar%C3%B0a-Loki" title="Útgarða-Loki">Útgarða-Loki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaf%C3%BEr%C3%BA%C3%B0nir" title="Vafþrúðnir">Vafþrúðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0blindi" title="Víðblindi">Víðblindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosud" title="Vosud">Vosud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6rnir" title="Vörnir">Vörnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymir" title="Ymir">Ymir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dwarfs_in_Norse_mythology" title="List of dwarfs in Norse mythology">Dwarfs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alv%C3%ADss" title="Alvíss">Alvíss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andvari" title="Andvari">Andvari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austri,_Vestri,_Nor%C3%B0ri_and_Su%C3%B0ri" title="Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri">Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billingr" title="Billingr">Billingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1inn_(Norse_dwarf)" title="Dáinn (Norse dwarf)">Dáinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durinn" title="Durinn">Durinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BArnir" title="Dúrnir">Dúrnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvalinn" title="Dvalinn">Dvalinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1fnir" title="Fáfnir">Fáfnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalar_and_Galar" title="Fjalar and Galar">Fjalar and Galar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf_(mythology)" title="Gandalf (mythology)">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrei%C3%B0marr" title="Hreiðmarr">Hreiðmarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litr" title="Litr">Litr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3tsognir" title="Mótsognir">Mótsognir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93tr" title="Ótr">Ótr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin" title="Regin">Regin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Ivaldi" title="Sons of Ivaldi">Sons of Ivaldi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brokkr" title="Brokkr">Brokkr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitri" title="Eitri">Eitri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_heroic_legend" title="Germanic heroic legend">Heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="Lists of figures in Germanic heroic legend">List of figures in Germanic heroic legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_A" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, A"> A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_B%E2%80%93C" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, B–C"> B–C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_D%E2%80%93E" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, D–E"> D–E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_F%E2%80%93G" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, F–G"> F–G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_H%E2%80%93He" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, H–He"> H–He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_Hi%E2%80%93Hy" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, Hi–Hy"> Hi–Hy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_I%E2%80%93O" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, I–O"> I–O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_P%E2%80%93S" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, P–S"> P–S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend,_T%E2%80%93Y" title="List of figures in Germanic heroic legend, T–Y"> T–Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people,_clan,_and_place_names_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend">people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_named_animals_and_plants_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of named animals and plants in Germanic heroic legend">named animals and plants </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_named_weapons,_armour_and_treasures_in_Germanic_heroic_legend" title="List of named weapons, armour and treasures in Germanic heroic legend">named weapons, armour and treasures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ask_and_Embla" title="Ask and Embla">Ask and Embla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0r_(mythology)" title="Auðr (mythology)">Auðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0umbla" title="Auðumbla">Auðumbla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurvandill" title="Aurvandill">Aurvandill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyla" title="Beyla">Beyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borr" title="Borr">Borr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAri" title="Búri">Búri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byggvir" title="Byggvir">Byggvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADs" title="Dís">Dísir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landd%C3%ADsir" title="Landdísir">Landdísir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_dragon" title="Germanic dragon">Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Draugs">Draugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einherjar" title="Einherjar">Einherjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldir" title="Eldir">Eldir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elf" title="Elf">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Dark elves (Dökkálfar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6kk%C3%A1lfar_and_Lj%C3%B3s%C3%A1lfar" title="Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar">Light elves (Ljósálfar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svart%C3%A1lfar" title="Svartálfar">Black elves (Svartálfar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimafeng" title="Fimafeng">Fimafeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjalar_(rooster)" title="Fjalar (rooster)">Fjalar (rooster)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenrir" title="Fenrir">Fenrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6rgyn_and_Fj%C3%B6rgynn" title="Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn">Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fylgja" title="Fylgja">Fylgja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garmr" title="Garmr">Garmr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hati_Hr%C3%B3%C3%B0vitnisson" title="Hati Hróðvitnisson">Hati Hróðvitnisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hel_(mythological_being)" title="Hel (mythological being)">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildisv%C3%ADni" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildisvíni">Hildisvíni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%BAki_and_Bil" title="Hjúki and Bil">Hjúki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_of_the_%C3%86sir" title="Horses of the Æsir">Horses of the Æsir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rvakr_and_Alsvi%C3%B0r" title="Árvakr and Alsviðr">Árvakr and Alsviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3%C3%B0ugh%C3%B3fi" title="Blóðughófi">Blóðughófi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falh%C3%B3fnir" title="Falhófnir">Falhófnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%ADsl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gísl">Gísl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gla%C3%B0r" title="Glaðr">Glaðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A6r" title="Glær">Glær</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenr" title="Glenr">Glenr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grani" title="Grani">Grani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullfaxi" title="Gullfaxi">Gullfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulltoppr" title="Gulltoppr">Gulltoppr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyllir" title="Gyllir">Gyllir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamskerpir_and_Gar%C3%B0rofa" title="Hamskerpir and Garðrofa">Hamskerpir and Garðrofa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gn%C3%A1_and_H%C3%B3fvarpnir" title="Gná and Hófvarpnir">Hófvarpnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinfaxi_and_Hr%C3%ADmfaxi" title="Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi">Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleipnir" title="Sleipnir">Sleipnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sva%C3%B0ilfari" title="Svaðilfari">Svaðilfari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0" title="Jörð">Jörð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rmungandr" title="Jörmungandr">Jörmungandr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADf_and_L%C3%ADfthrasir" class="mw-redirect" title="Líf and Lífthrasir">Líf and Lífthrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loddf%C3%A1fnir" title="Loddfáfnir">Loddfáfnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3%C3%B0gu%C3%B0r" title="Móðguðr">Móðguðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Daughters_of_%C3%86gir_and_R%C3%A1n" title="Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán">Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Mothers_of_Heimdallr" title="Nine Mothers of Heimdallr">Nine Mothers of Heimdallr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narfi_(son_of_Loki)" title="Narfi (son of Loki)">Narfi (son of Loki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AD%C3%B0h%C3%B6ggr" title="Níðhöggr">Níðhöggr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norns" title="Norns">Norns</a></li> <li>Personifications <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dagr" title="Dagr">Dagr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elli" title="Elli">Elli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3tt" title="Nótt">Nótt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumarr_and_Vetr" title="Sumarr and Vetr">Sumarr and Vetr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Sæhrímnir">Sæhrímnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%B6ll" title="Sköll">Sköll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield-maiden" title="Shield-maiden">Shield-maiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanngrisnir_and_Tanngnj%C3%B3str" title="Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr">Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll" title="Troll">Troll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%A1lfi_and_R%C3%B6skva" title="Þjálfi and Röskva">Þjálfi and Röskva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6ttir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vættir">Vættir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landv%C3%A6ttir" title="Landvættir">Landvættir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1li_(son_of_Loki)" title="Váli (son of Loki)">Váli (son of Loki)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie" title="Valkyrie">Valkyries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_the_Smith" title="Wayland the Smith">Völundr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6r%C3%B0r" title="Vörðr">Vörðr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Locations_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Locations in Norse mythology">Locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Underworld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hel_(location)" title="Hel (location)">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lj%C3%BA%C3%B0nir" title="Éljúðnir">Éljúðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjallarbr%C3%BA" title="Gjallarbrú">Gjallarbrú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1str%C3%B6nd" title="Náströnd">Náströnd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflhel" title="Niflhel">Niflhel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B0afj%C3%B6ll" title="Niðafjöll">Niðafjöll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liv%C3%A1gar" title="Élivágar">Élivágar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B6ll" title="Gjöll">Gjöll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dfingr" title="Ífingr">Ífingr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerlaugar" title="Kerlaugar">Kerlaugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6rmt_and_%C3%96rmt" title="Körmt and Örmt">Körmt and Örmt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slidr_River" title="Slidr River">Slidr River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadgelmir" title="Vadgelmir">Vadgelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimur_River" title="Vimur River">Vimur River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Other locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asgard" title="Asgard">Asgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsvartnir" title="Amsvartnir">Amsvartnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andlang" title="Andlang">Andlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barri" title="Barri">Barri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifr%C3%B6st" title="Bifröst">Bifröst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilskirnir" title="Bilskirnir">Bilskirnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1vellir" title="Brávellir">Brávellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimir" title="Brimir">Brimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fensalir" title="Fensalir">Fensalir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr" title="Fólkvangr">Fólkvangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signhildsberg" title="Signhildsberg">Fornsigtuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyrisvellir" title="Fyrisvellir">Fyrisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lgvi%C3%B0r" title="Gálgviðr">Gálgviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandvik" title="Gandvik">Gandvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastropnir" title="Gastropnir">Gastropnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giml%C3%A9" title="Gimlé">Gimlé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginnungagap" title="Ginnungagap">Ginnungagap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gla%C3%B0sheimr" title="Glaðsheimr">Glaðsheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A6sisvellir" title="Glæsisvellir">Glæsisvellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitnir" class="mw-redirect" title="Glitnir">Glitnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnipahellir" title="Gnipahellir">Gnipahellir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_of_fetters" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove of fetters">Grove of fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hei%C3%B0r" title="Heiðr">Heiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himinbj%C3%B6rg" title="Himinbjörg">Himinbjörg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindarfjall" title="Hindarfjall">Hindarfjall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hlidskjalf" title="Hlidskjalf">Hlidskjalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnitbjorg" title="Hnitbjorg">Hnitbjorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoddm%C3%ADmis_holt" title="Hoddmímis holt">Hoddmímis holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B0av%C3%B6llr" title="Iðavöllr">Iðavöllr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1rnvi%C3%B0r" title="Járnviðr">Járnviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6tunheimr" title="Jötunheimr">Jötunheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmamei%C3%B0r" title="Mímameiðr">Mímameiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrkvi%C3%B0r" title="Myrkviðr">Myrkviðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munarv%C3%A1gr" title="Munarvágr">Munarvágr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3at%C3%BAn_(mythology)" title="Nóatún (mythology)">Nóatún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okolnir" title="Okolnir">Okolnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessr%C3%BAmnir" title="Sessrúmnir">Sessrúmnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindri_(mythology)" title="Sindri (mythology)">Sindri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singasteinn" title="Singasteinn">Singasteinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0heimr" title="Þrúðheimr">Þrúðheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Er%C3%BA%C3%B0vangr" title="Þrúðvangr">Þrúðvangr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erymheimr" title="Þrymheimr">Þrymheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamla_Uppsala" title="Gamla Uppsala">Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atgar%C3%B0ar" title="Útgarðar">Útgarðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valaskj%C3%A1lf" title="Valaskjálf">Valaskjálf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaheimr" title="Vanaheimr">Vanaheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0bl%C3%A1inn" title="Víðbláinn">Víðbláinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADgr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Vígríðr">Vígríðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ving%C3%B3lf" title="Vingólf">Vingólf</a></li> <li>Wells <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hvergelmir" title="Hvergelmir">Hvergelmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADmisbrunnr" title="Mímisbrunnr">Mímisbrunnr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%B0arbrunnr" title="Urðarbrunnr">Urðarbrunnr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ddalir" title="Ýdalir">Ýdalir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yggdrasil" title="Yggdrasil">Yggdrasil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Events_in_Norse_mythology" title="Category:Events in Norse mythology">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir%E2%80%93Vanir_War" title="Æsir–Vanir War">Æsir–Vanir War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbulwinter" title="Fimbulwinter">Fimbulvetr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B3%C3%B0i%27s_Peace" title="Fróði's Peace">Fróði's Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hja%C3%B0ningav%C3%ADg" title="Hjaðningavíg">Hjaðningavíg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edda" title="Edda">Edda</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Edda" title="Poetic Edda">Poetic Edda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prose_Edda" title="Prose Edda">Prose Edda</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">Runestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">Sagas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3msv%C3%ADkinga_saga" title="Jómsvíkinga saga">Jómsvíkinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_saga" title="Legendary saga">Legendary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrfing_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyrfing Cycle">Tyrfing Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lsung_Cycle" title="Völsung Cycle">Völsung Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_orthography" title="Old Norse orthography">Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Norse mythology in popular culture">Later influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Religious practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphic_wooden_cult_figurines_of_Central_and_Northern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe">Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">Blót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_hof" title="Heathen hof">Hof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitstrenging" title="Heitstrenging">Heitstrenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Horses in Germanic paganism">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rgr" title="Hörgr">Hörgr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_rituals" title="Norse rituals">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96ndvegiss%C3%BAlur" title="Öndvegissúlur">Öndvegissúlur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginnaglar" title="Reginnaglar">Reginnaglar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_and_groves_in_Germanic_paganism_and_mythology" title="Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology">Sacred trees and groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonarg%C3%B6ltr" title="Sonargöltr">Sonargöltr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_at_Uppsala" title="Temple at Uppsala">Temple at Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vé">Vé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetlands_and_islands_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Wetlands and islands in Germanic paganism">Wetlands and islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Festivals and holy periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfabl%C3%B3t" title="Álfablót">Álfablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADsabl%C3%B3t" title="Dísablót">Dísablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Eorrabl%C3%B3t" title="Þorrablót">Þorrablót</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetrn%C3%A6tr" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetrnætr">Vetrnætr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_Norse_paganism" title="Death in Norse paganism">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergi" title="Ergi">Ergi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lag" title="Félag">Félag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galdr" title="Galdr">Galdr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothi" title="Gothi">Goði</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamingja" title="Hamingja">Hamingja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiti" title="Heiti">Heiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead_hall" title="Mead hall">Mead hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%AB%C3%BE" title="Nīþ">Nīþ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_cosmology" title="Norse cosmology">Norse cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Norse_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Numbers in Norse mythology">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_philosophy" title="Old Norse philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic cultures">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sei%C3%B0r" title="Seiðr">Seiðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">Skald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lva" class="mw-redirect" title="Völva">Völva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Heathenry (new religious movement)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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