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href="#Reactions_and_tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Reactions and tributes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions_and_tributes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions and tributes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions_and_tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_tributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Other tributes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authorisation_of_state_funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authorisation_of_state_funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Authorisation of state funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authorisation_of_state_funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Embalming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Embalming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Embalming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Embalming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funeral_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Funeral programme </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Funeral_programme-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Funeral programme subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Funeral_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lying_in_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lying_in_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Lying in state </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lying_in_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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id="toc-Funeral_train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral_train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.4 Funeral train </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funeral_train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial_at_Bladon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial_at_Bladon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.5 Burial at Bladon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial_at_Bladon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observances_outside_of_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observances_outside_of_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Observances outside of Britain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observances_outside_of_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dignitaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dignitaries"> 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF_%D9%88_%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مرگ و خاکسپاری وینستون چرچیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرگ و خاکسپاری وینستون چرچیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort_et_fun%C3%A9railles_de_Winston_Churchill" title="Mort et funérailles de Winston Churchill – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mort et funérailles de Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%9C" title="הלוויית וינסטון צ'רצ'יל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלוויית וינסטון צ'רצ'יל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%BB%E3%81%A8%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%AC" title="ウィンストン・チャーチルの死と国葬 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィンストン・チャーチルの死と国葬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte_e_funeral_de_Estado_de_Winston_Churchill" title="Morte e funeral de Estado de Winston Churchill – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morte e funeral de Estado de Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt_in_pogreb_Winstona_Churchilla" title="Smrt in pogreb Winstona Churchilla – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Smrt in pogreb Winstona Churchilla" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1i_ch%E1%BA%BFt_v%C3%A0_qu%E1%BB%91c_tang_Winston_Churchill" title="Cái chết và quốc tang Winston Churchill – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cái chết và quốc tang Winston Churchill" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State funeral of British prime minister</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Death and state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><a href="/wiki/File:Churchill%27s_funeral_1965.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Churchill%27s_funeral_1965.jpg/225px-Churchill%27s_funeral_1965.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Churchill%27s_funeral_1965.jpg/338px-Churchill%27s_funeral_1965.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Churchill%27s_funeral_1965.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="502" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Funeral procession in London, 1965</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">24 January 1965 (1965-01-24) (date of death) 30 January 1965 (date of state funeral)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>, London (official funeral ceremony)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">Stroke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Bladon#Spencer-Churchill_graves" title="St Martin's Church, Bladon">St Martin's Churchyard</a>, Bladon</td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Sir Winston Churchill</a>, the British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, died on 24 January 1965, aged 90.<a href="#cite_note-:5-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> His was the first <a href="/wiki/State_funerals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="State funerals in the United Kingdom">state funeral in the United Kingdom</a> for a non-member of <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">the royal family</a> since <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a>'s in 1935.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> It was the last state funeral until <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II's</a> on 19 September 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Television-6">[6]</a> The official funeral lasted for four days. Planning for the funeral, known as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hope_Not" title="Operation Hope Not">Operation Hope Not</a>, began after Churchill's stroke in 1953 while in <a href="/wiki/Third_Churchill_ministry" title="Third Churchill ministry">his second term as prime minister</a>. After several revisions due to Churchill's continued survival (mainly because "the pallbearers kept dying", explained <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Lord Mountbatten</a>), the plan was issued on 26 January 1965, two days after his death.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> By decree of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a>, his body <a href="/wiki/Lay_in_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Lay in state">lay in state</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a> for three days from 26 January. On 30 January, the order of funeral was held at <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>. From there the body was transported by water along the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> to <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo station">Waterloo station</a>, accompanied by military salutations. In the afternoon he was buried at <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Bladon" title="St Martin's Church, Bladon">St Martin's Church, Bladon</a>, the resting place of his ancestors and his brother. Attended by representatives from 120 countries, 6,000 people, and (unusually) by Queen Elizabeth II, the funeral involved more than 1,000 police and security personnel, nine military bands, 18 military battalions, 16 <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Lightning" title="English Electric Lightning">English Electric Lightning</a> fighter jets of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>, a special boat <a href="/wiki/MV_Havengore" title="MV Havengore">MV nHavengore</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_funeral_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Winston Churchill's funeral train">funeral train</a> hauled by his namesake locomotive, the <a href="/wiki/SR_Battle_of_Britain_class_21C151_Winston_Churchill" title="SR Battle of Britain class 21C151 Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, homage paid by 321,360 people, and witnessed by over 350 million people. It was the largest state funeral in British history, and was noted "as demonstrating the British genius for public spectacle".<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-dodds-9">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_funeral_plan">Background and funeral plan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and funeral plan">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hope_Not" title="Operation Hope Not">Operation Hope Not</a></div> Voted as the <a href="/wiki/100_Greatest_Britons" title="100 Greatest Britons">greatest Briton</a> in a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> poll in 2002, Sir Winston Churchill is remembered for leading his country (with the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>) to victory as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">prime minister of the United Kingdom</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. In June 1953, during <a href="/wiki/Third_Churchill_ministry" title="Third Churchill ministry">his second term as prime minister</a>, he had a severe stroke at a dinner party at <a href="/wiki/Downing_Street" title="Downing Street">Downing Street</a>. Unknown to his guests, he collapsed and was left partially paralysed. The family kept the incident secret.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Among the few who were informed of the news was Queen Elizabeth II, who had occupied the throne for just a year. She instructed the <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fitzalan-Howard,_16th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk">Duke of Norfolk</a>, who, as <a href="/wiki/Earl_Marshal" title="Earl Marshal">Earl Marshal</a>, was in charge of state funerals, to make preparations in the event of Churchill's death that should be "on a scale befitting his position in history".<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> A meticulous and confidential plan titled Operation Hope Not was prepared.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Churchill survived the next 12 years, during which necessary modifications were frequently made. During that period, in 1958, Churchill nearly died from a sudden attack of pneumonia.<a href="#cite_note-SmithPage177-13">[13]</a> The final documents, titled State Funeral of the Late Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, K.G., O.M., C.H., were issued on 26 January 1965, two days after Churchill's death. The documents dictated the entire course of the funeral down to the minutest detail.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> Churchill died on the morning of Sunday 24 January 1965 in his home at 28 <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Gate" title="Hyde Park Gate">Hyde Park Gate</a>, London, exactly 70 years after the death of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">his father</a>. Since 1949, he had suffered eight strokes. The last was on 15 January 1965, from which he never recovered. After the stroke, he was mostly in a <a href="/wiki/Coma" title="Coma">coma</a>; his last words were to his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Soames" title="Christopher Soames">Christopher Soames</a>: "I'm so bored with it all."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> His physician <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilson,_1st_Baron_Moran" title="Charles Wilson, 1st Baron Moran">Lord Moran</a> first informed the Queen and the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a> of the death, and then made the announcement at 8:35 a.m. which was given to the press, saying, "Shortly after eight this morning, Sunday, Jan the 24th, Sir Winston Churchill died at his London home. [Signed] Moran."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_and_tributes">Reactions and tributes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reactions and tributes">edit</a>]</div> Leading the world in tributes were Queen Elizabeth II, prime minister <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tributes-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The Queen immediately sent a letter of condolence to <a href="/wiki/Lady_Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Churchill">Lady Churchill</a> after hearing Churchill's death, saying: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The whole world is the poorer by the loss of his many-sided genius while the survival of this country and the sister nations of the Commonwealth, in the face of the greatest danger that has ever threatened them, will be a perpetual memorial to his leadership, his vision and indomitable courage.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></blockquote> Wilson announced: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Sir Winston will be mourned all over the world by all who owe so much to him. He is now at peace after a life in which he created history and which will be remembered as long as history is read.<a href="#cite_note-Tributes-19">[19]</a></blockquote> Johnson, hospitalised at <a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Naval_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Bethesda Naval Hospital">Bethesda Naval Hospital</a> with influenza,<a href="#cite_note-SmithPage177-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> issued an official statement, saying:<a href="#cite_note-:7-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-RoyalAudiendce-24">[24]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">WHEN THERE was darkness in the world, and hope was low in the hearts of men, a generous Providence gave us Winston Churchill. As long as men tell of that time of terrible danger and of the men who won the victory, the name of Churchill will live... He is History's child, and what he said and what he did will never die.<a href="#cite_note-:7-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-USHonors-25">[25]</a></blockquote> He also ordered flags throughout the United States flown at half-staff to pay tribute to America's first honorary citizen through the day of the funeral.<a href="#cite_note-USHonors-25">[25]</a> This was also the first time that the American flag was flown at half-staff for a foreign leader.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_tributes">Other tributes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other tributes">edit</a>]</div> Other world leaders who joined in the tributes included former British prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Alec_Douglas-Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Alec Douglas-Home">Sir Alec Douglas-Home</a>, French President <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, Soviet Premier <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a>, former US presidents <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tributes-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authorisation_of_state_funeral">Authorisation of state funeral</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Authorisation of state funeral">edit</a>]</div> The Queen sent a message to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> concerning the procedures for Churchill's funeral, and was read on 25 January, which ran: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I know that it will be the wish of all my people that the loss which we have sustained by the death of the Right Honourable Sir Winston Churchill, K.G., should be met in the most fitting manner and that they should have an opportunity of expressing their sorrow at the loss and their veneration of the memory of that outstanding man who in war and peace served his country unfailingly for more than fifty years and in the hours of our greatest danger was the inspiring leader who strengthened and supported us all. Confident that I can rely upon the support of my faithful Commons and upon their liberality in making suitable provision for the proper discharge of our debt of gratitude and tribute of national sorrow, I have directed that Sir Winston's body shall lie in state in Westminster Hall and that thereafter the Funeral Service shall be held in the Cathedral Church of St. Paul. – ELIZABETH REGINA<a href="#cite_note-:4-27">[27]</a></blockquote> When members of the House met to pay tribute,<a href="#cite_note-:4-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-soames-28">[28]</a> the Prime Minister moved the motion that was a request from the Queen regarding the places for lying in state and funeral service, and was resolved as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">That an humble Address be presented to Her Majesty humbly to thank Her Majesty for having given directions for the body of the Rt. Hon. Sir Winston Churchill, K.G., to lie in State in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a> and for the funeral service to be held in the <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">Cathedral Church of St. Paul</a> and assuring Her Majesty of our cordial aid and concurrence in these measures for expressing the affection and admiration in which the memory of this great man is held by this House and all Her Majesty's faithful subjects.<a href="#cite_note-:4-27">[27]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Embalming">Embalming</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Embalming">edit</a>]</div> J. H. Kenyon Ltd, of <a href="/wiki/Paddington" title="Paddington">Paddington</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Funeral_directors_to_the_Royal_Household" title="Funeral directors to the Royal Household">funeral directors to the Royal Household</a> since 1928, were tasked with preparing Churchill's remains for the funeral. <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Henley" title="Desmond Henley">Desmond Henley</a>, the company's chief <a href="/wiki/Embalmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Embalmer">embalmer</a>, went to Churchill's <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_Gate" title="Hyde Park Gate">Hyde Park Gate</a> home to oversee the process.<a href="#cite_note-Embalming-29">[29]</a> Churchill's body was embalmed in the same room where he had died. When the process was completed, the remains were dressed in his silk pyjamas and dressing gown and placed back into his bed. Churchill lay in repose in private at his home until 9:00 p.m. Tuesday evening when Kenyon's staff transported his remains to <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a> for public viewing.<a href="#cite_note-Embalming-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funeral_programme">Funeral programme</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Funeral programme">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lying_in_state">Lying in state</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lying in state">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Churchill_(33297209642).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Churchill_%2833297209642%29.jpg/220px-Churchill_%2833297209642%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Churchill_%2833297209642%29.jpg/330px-Churchill_%2833297209642%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Churchill_%2833297209642%29.jpg/440px-Churchill_%2833297209642%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2238" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>A plaque in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hall" title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a> commemorating the lying in state</figcaption></figure> The funeral started on Tuesday 26 January 1965. By 8:30 p.m. police and security personnel had taken up their positions in what <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> reported as "the most extensive security operation of this sort ever undertaken in England".<a href="#cite_note-dodds-9">[9]</a> At 9:15 p.m. Churchill's body was transported from his London home to Westminster Hall for the <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lying in state</a>. It was led by <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Cobbold,_1st_Baron_Cobbold" title="Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold">Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a>, in the company of family members.<a href="#cite_note-soames-28">[28]</a> He was placed on a <a href="/wiki/Catafalque" title="Catafalque">catafalque</a> before <a href="/wiki/Lady_Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Churchill">Lady Churchill</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Earl_Marshal" title="Earl Marshal">Earl Marshal</a>. At 9:00 p.m. the first watch was mounted in the hall by the <a href="/wiki/Grenadier_Guards" title="Grenadier Guards">Grenadier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream Guards</a>. In the subsequent days the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, five regiments of <a href="/wiki/Foot_guards" title="Foot guards">foot guards</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Royal_Irish_Hussars" title="Queen's Royal Irish Hussars">Queen's Royal Irish Hussars</a> also took turns.<a href="#cite_note-murray-30">[30]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lying-in-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Lying-in-state">lying-in-state</a> lasted from Wednesday 27 January to 6:00 a.m. on 30 January,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> during which Westminster Hall was kept open for 23 hours daily. An hour was reserved for cleaning. The queue was most times more than one mile long, and the waiting time was about three hours;<a href="#cite_note-soames-28">[28]</a> 321,360 people came to pay their respects.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procession">Procession</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Procession">edit</a>]</div> At 9:45 a.m. on Saturday, 30 January, the funeral began with the chiming of <a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a>. The clock was muted for the rest of the day. A ninety-<a href="/wiki/21-gun_salute" title="21-gun salute">gun salute</a> was fired at <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a> to mark the ninety years of Churchill's life.<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-34">[34]</a> The coffin was carried from the hall by a bearer party of eight guards from the 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards, placed on a <a href="/wiki/Gun_carriage" title="Gun carriage">gun carriage</a> and draped with the <a href="/wiki/Union_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Flag">Union Flag</a>, on which was placed the insignia of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> on a black cushion. The procession started upon a drum beat by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and was then led by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and the Foot guards.<a href="#cite_note-soames-28">[28]</a> The gun carriage itself was drawn by ninety-eight sailors, with forty more behind holding drag ropes.<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-34">[34]</a> Following the gun carriage were <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Churchill" title="Randolph Churchill">Randolph Churchill</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_(1940%E2%80%932010)" title="Winston Churchill (1940–2010)">Winston</a> side by side, followed by male members of the Churchill family and Churchill's private secretary, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Montague_Browne" title="Anthony Montague Browne">Anthony Montague Browne</a>,<a href="#cite_note-soames-28">[28]</a> all on foot. Lady Churchill and two daughters followed in the Queen's town coach.<a href="#cite_note-SmithPage178-35">[35]</a> As the procession was leaving the <a href="/wiki/New_Palace_Yard" title="New Palace Yard">New Palace Yard</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, a single gunshot was fired at <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James's Park">St James's Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[36]</a> The march processed through <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">the Strand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fleet Street</a>, and up <a href="/wiki/Ludgate_Hill" title="Ludgate Hill">Ludgate Hill</a>. A marching band consisted of three officers and 96 soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Scots_Guards" title="Scots Guards">Scots Guards</a>. Banners of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Danish resistance movements</a> were lowered in respect at <a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">the Cenotaph</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rose-37">[37]</a> Altogether 2,500 soldiers and civilians took part in the procession, while four half-companies of soldiers lined the streets.<a href="#cite_note-murray-30">[30]</a> Four majors of the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Royal_Irish_Hussars" title="Queen's Royal Irish Hussars">Queen's Royal Irish Hussars</a> were assigned to carry Churchill's medals, orders and decorations. A single gunshot was fired every minute until they arrived at St Paul's.<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry_to_St_Paul's_Cathedral">Entry to St Paul's Cathedral</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Entry to St Paul's Cathedral">edit</a>]</div> The coffin arrived at St Paul's at 10.45 a.m.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pallbearer" title="Pallbearer">pallbearers</a> picked up the coffin from the gun carriage at the west end of the cathedral, and carried it up the 24 steps<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> leading to the entrance.<a href="#cite_note-:9-40">[40]</a> The main pallbearers were eight soldiers of the Grenadier Guards.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> There were twelve honorary pallbearers walking in front of the main pallbearers, including <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mountbatten,_1st_Earl_Mountbatten_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma">Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Robert Menzies</a>, and the former British Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rose-37">[37]</a> Aged 82, Attlee was frail with ill-health but insisted he be the pallbearer as Churchill had asked him to do the honour.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Walking just in front of the main pallbearers, he stumbled on the steps, making the pallbearers lose their balance, almost dropping the coffin, only being saved by two soldiers, "pushers", from the back.<a href="#cite_note-:9-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_of_service">Order of service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Order of service">edit</a>]</div> The service began as the coffin was laid in St Paul's Cathedral. With officials from more than 112 countries attending, 3,500 people attended the service, and it was the largest gathering of dignitaries in history until the 1980 <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Josip_Broz_Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral of Josip Broz Tito">funeral of Josip Broz Tito</a>, the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Pope_John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral of Pope John Paul II">funeral of Pope John Paul II</a> and the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Nelson_Mandela" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral of Nelson Mandela">funeral of Nelson Mandela</a>. Guests included the <a href="/wiki/French_President" class="mw-redirect" title="French President">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_prime_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian prime minister">Canadian prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a>, former <a href="/wiki/US_president" class="mw-redirect" title="US president">US president</a> Dwight D. Eisenhower, many other past and present heads of state and government, and members of multiple royal families. Churchill had expressly objected to inviting de Gaulle as he believed, although they were allies in the war, he was anti-British<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> and was pleaded with by the Duke of Norfolk on the ground of political amnesty; to which Churchill agreed on the condition that <a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_station" title="London Waterloo station">London Waterloo station</a> be used instead of <a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">Paddington</a>, as planned.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Sir Robert Menzies, then the longest-serving Commonwealth Prime Minister, and Eisenhower, both of whom had known Churchill well in wartime, paid tribute on the BBC's broadcast of the funeral.<a href="#cite_note-IkeTribute-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCTribute-47">[47]</a> Churchill's favourite hymns were sung, including "<a href="/wiki/Fight_the_Good_Fight" title="Fight the Good Fight">Fight the Good Fight</a>", "<a href="/wiki/He_Who_Would_Valiant_Be" class="mw-redirect" title="He Who Would Valiant Be">He Who Would Valiant Be</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Battle_Hymn_of_the_Republic" title="Battle Hymn of the Republic">Battle Hymn of the Republic</a>".<a href="#cite_note-soames-28">[28]</a> Choral music was <a href="/wiki/William_Croft" title="William Croft">William Croft</a>'s Funeral Sentences sung during the entry procession, and the <a href="/wiki/Kontakion" title="Kontakion">Kontakion</a> of the Departed, "Give rest, O Christ, to thy servant with thy Saints".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> "Battle Hymn of the Republic" paid tribute to Churchill's American roots,<a href="#cite_note-SmithPage179-49">[49]</a> including his honorary US citizenship, his close relationship with the US, particularly his friendship with US president <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, and his American-born mother.<a href="#cite_note-SmithPage179-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley_1995_179-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-Destiny-51">[51]</a> The other two recalled his personality and career.<a href="#cite_note-Destiny-51">[51]</a> The (cavalry) Last Post was played by Trumpet Corporal Peter Wilson of the Life Guards with Reveille played by Trumpeter Basil King of the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> As the service was over at one o'clock,<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[36]</a> Handel's "<a href="/wiki/Saul_(Handel)" title="Saul (Handel)">Dead March</a>" was played on the organ while the pallbearers were getting ready. The congregation sang "<a href="/wiki/Our_God,_Our_Help_in_Ages_Past" title="Our God, Our Help in Ages Past">Our God, Our Help in Ages Past</a>" as the coffin was carried out through the Great West Doors.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Menzies and Eisenhower gave their tributes after the funeral, speaking from the cathedral's crypt.<a href="#cite_note-BBCTribute-47">[47]</a> Menzies recited: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In the whole of recorded history this [the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>] was, I believe, the one occasion when one man, with one soaring imagination, with one fire burning in him, and with one unrivalled capacity for conveying it to others, won a crucial victory not only for the Forces (for there were many heroes in those days) but for the spirit of human freedom. And so, on this day, we thank him, and we thank God for him.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></blockquote> Eisenhower gave his tribute after Menzies: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">With no thought of the length of time he might be permitted on earth, he was concerned only with the quality of the service he could render to his nation and to humanity. Though he had no fear of death, he coveted always the opportunity to continue that service. Among all the things so written or spoken, there will ring out through the entire century one incontestable refrain: Here was a champion of freedom.<a href="#cite_note-SmithPage178-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-IkeTribute-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></blockquote> Queen Elizabeth II broke certain royal protocols at Churchill's funeral.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Firstly, it was a common royal etiquette for the monarch to not attend funeral service outside of the royal family.<a href="#cite_note-:2-57">[57]</a> Secondly, she not only attended the service but was among the first officials to arrive at St Paul's, making her presence even before the coffin and Churchill family arrived. It is a royal custom in any event that the monarch is always the last to arrive.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Additionally, it is a royal convention that the monarch is also the first to exit or end an ongoing event.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> As the funeral service was over, Queen Elizabeth II followed the Churchill family out of the cathedral. To these unusual deeds by Queen Elizabeth II, Nicholas Soames commented: "It is absolutely exceptional if not unique for the Queen to grant precedence to anyone. For her to arrive before the coffin and before my grandfather was a beautiful and very touching gesture." There was a historical precedent however; Queen Elizabeth II's grandfather, <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>, had attended the state funeral of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Lord Roberts</a> in 1914 and similarly forgone his royal privileges for the occasion.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St_Paul's_to_Bladon">St Paul's to Bladon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: St Paul's to Bladon">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Procession_to_Tower_Pier">Procession to Tower Pier</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Procession to Tower Pier">edit</a>]</div> After the church service, Churchill's coffin was replaced on the gun carriage by a bearer party from the Grenadier Guards and proceeded to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, the journey lasting 18 minutes. Arriving at <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill" title="Tower Hill">Tower Hill</a> the procession was led by 60 <a href="/wiki/Bagpipes" title="Bagpipes">pipers</a> from the Scots Guards, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Inniskilling_Fusiliers" title="Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers">Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Own_Scottish_Borderers" title="King's Own Scottish Borderers">King's Own Scottish Borderers</a>, playing <a href="/wiki/Lament#Scottish_laments" title="Lament">Scottish laments</a>, and then a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> band played <a href="/wiki/Sunset_(bugle_call)" title="Sunset (bugle call)">Sunset</a> on Tower Wharf. The <a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company" title="Honourable Artillery Company">Honourable Artillery Company</a> fired a <a href="/wiki/19-gun_salute" class="mw-redirect" title="19-gun salute">19-gun salute</a>,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> acknowledging Churchill's positions (as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Warden_of_the_Cinque_Ports" title="Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports">Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports</a>). The procession moved to <a href="/wiki/Tower_Millennium_Pier" title="Tower Millennium Pier">Tower Pier</a>, where the coffin was taken on board the <a href="/wiki/MV_Havengore" title="MV Havengore">MV Havengore</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="On_the_River_Thames">On the River Thames</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: On the River Thames">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:River_Thames_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810628.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/River_Thames_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810628.jpg/220px-River_Thames_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810628.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/River_Thames_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810628.jpg/330px-River_Thames_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810628.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/River_Thames_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810628.jpg/440px-River_Thames_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810628.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MV_Havengore" title="MV Havengore">MV Havengore</a> which carried the coffin from <a href="/wiki/Tower_Millennium_Pier" title="Tower Millennium Pier">Tower Pier</a> to <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo station">Waterloo station</a></figcaption></figure> Aboard <a href="/wiki/MV_Havengore" title="MV Havengore">MV Havengore</a>, naval ratings '<a href="/wiki/Boatswain%27s_call#Honouring" title="Boatswain's call">piped the side</a>' and the Royal Marine band played the musical salute <a href="/wiki/Rule,_Britannia!" title="Rule, Britannia!">Rule, Britannia!</a> to the former <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>. Sixteen Royal Air Force <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Lightning" title="English Electric Lightning">English Electric Lightning</a> fighter jets <a href="/wiki/Flypast" title="Flypast">flew-past</a> in formation as the boat sailed. As the coffin passed up the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>, more than 36 dockers lowered their <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">crane</a> jibs in a salute on the south side of the bank. It was not part of the plan and was initially disapproved by <a href="/wiki/New_Scotland_Yard" class="mw-redirect" title="New Scotland Yard">New Scotland Yard</a> as an unnecessary private tribute.<a href="#cite_note-:1-62">[62]</a> The cranes were under the Hay's Wharf (now <a href="/wiki/Hay%27s_Galleria" title="Hay's Galleria">Hay's Galleria</a>) and the homage was praised as a gesture of respect<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> in an unrehearsed<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> and spontaneous action.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Soames" title="Nicholas Soames">Nicholas Soames</a>, grandson of Churchill, remarked this unexpected activity as one that "undid us all".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> But when <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Paxman" title="Jeremy Paxman">Jeremy Paxman</a> aired his BBC documentary Churchill: A Nation's Farewell in 2015, he created a controversy. In it, Paxman interviewed one of the surviving dockers John Lynch, who claimed that the workers were paid to show up for work and did the gesture only because they were paid to do so as it was a Saturday, their day off. Lynch further went on to say that the dockers hated Churchill.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In response, David Freeman reported that way back in 1965, David Burnett, the then managing director of Hay's Wharf, had publicly revealed that the gesture was voluntary. Talking to the Daily Mail, Burnett had stated: "We thought we should add our own little tribute to Sir Winston. The dock workers concerned immediately agreed to give up their time off... Our men have not asked for any overtime. They will be paid something to cover their expenses".<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Rodney J. Croft also described in his 2014 book Churchill's Final Farewell that the crane drivers voluntarily did the job "without any resort to asking for overtime pay".<a href="#cite_note-:1-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Festival_Pier_to_Waterloo_Station">Festival Pier to Waterloo Station</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Festival Pier to Waterloo Station">edit</a>]</div> From the MV Havengore, the coffin was borne to a black <a href="/wiki/Austin_Princess" title="Austin Princess">Austin Princess</a> hearse at <a href="/wiki/Festival_Pier" title="Festival Pier">Festival Pier</a> by non-commissioned soldiers of the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars in No. 1 Dress Uniform. The hearse was escorted only by a large limousine for the Churchill family. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Funeral_train">Funeral train</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Funeral train">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/220px-Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/330px-Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg/440px-Clapham_Junction_Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_Funeral_Train_geograph-2675150-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sir_Winston_Churchill%27s_funeral_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Winston Churchill's funeral train">Sir Winston Churchill's funeral train</a> passing <a href="/wiki/Clapham_Junction_railway_station" title="Clapham Junction railway station">Clapham Junction</a></figcaption></figure> The coffin arrived at Waterloo Station at 1:23 p.m. and was picked up by ten commissioned officers from the Queen's Royal Irish hussars in No 1 Dress uniform and was placed in a specially prepared <a href="/wiki/SR_Battle_of_Britain_class_21C151_Winston_Churchill" title="SR Battle of Britain class 21C151 Winston Churchill">funeral train</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-36">[36]</a> the locomotive of which was named <a href="/wiki/SR_Battle_of_Britain_class_21C151_Winston_Churchill" title="SR Battle of Britain class 21C151 Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> that was to carry it to the final destination, <a href="/wiki/Hanborough_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanborough station">Hanborough station</a> in Oxfordshire.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The hearse van, No. S2464S, had been set aside in 1962 specifically for the funeral train.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In the fields along the route, and at the stations through which the train passed, thousands stood in silence to pay their last respects. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Burial_at_Bladon">Burial at Bladon</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Burial at Bladon">edit</a>]</div> At Bladon, the coffin was carried to <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Bladon#Spencer-Churchill_graves" title="St Martin's Church, Bladon">St Martin's Churchyard</a> by the officer bearer party of the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars and interred in a private family ceremony. He was laid in a grave near to his parents and his brother.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observances_outside_of_Britain">Observances outside of Britain</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Observances outside of Britain">edit</a>]</div> There were many memorial services taking place for Churchill outside of Britain during the funeral. For example, in the United States, a memorial service for Churchill took place at <a href="/wiki/FDR" class="mw-redirect" title="FDR">FDR</a>'s grave at his home in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_New_York" title="Hyde Park, New York">Hyde Park, New York</a> to mark the anniversary of Roosevelt's birth. Those attending the service heard speakers talk about the coincidence of the date in the records of two leaders who shared history. <a href="/wiki/West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="West Point">West Point</a> Superintendent Major General <a href="/wiki/James_Lampert" class="mw-redirect" title="James Lampert">James Lampert</a> laid a wreath from President Johnson to pay tribute to both FDR and Churchill.<a href="#cite_note-FDR-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dignitaries">Dignitaries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Dignitaries">edit</a>]</div> Churchill's funeral was the largest gathering of world leaders during the 1960s—and, at that time, in history. Representatives from 112 countries and many organisations attended,<a href="#cite_note-Destiny-51">[51]</a> including 5 kings, 2 queens, 1 emperor, 1 grand duke, 2 queen consorts, 15 presidents, 14 prime ministers and 10 former leaders.<a href="#cite_note-Television-6">[6]</a> After the funeral, Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> made another unprecedented gesture in hosting a buffet lunch for all the dignitaries.<a href="#cite_note-SmithPage179-49">[49]</a> Some of the guests were: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Josef_Klaus" title="Josef Klaus">Josef Klaus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">Chancellor of Austria</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Menzies" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Robert Menzies">Sir Robert Menzies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Baudouin_of_Belgium" title="Baudouin of Belgium">Baudouin</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Belgians" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Belgians">King of the Belgians</a>, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Spaak" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Henri Spaak">Paul Henri Spaak</a>, Foreign Minister<a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931965%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931965%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931965%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281957%E2%80%931965%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations"><img alt="Commonwealth of Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/23px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/35px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/46px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="180" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Smith" title="Arnold Smith">Arnold Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretary-General" title="Commonwealth Secretary-General">Commonwealth Secretary-General</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Aiken" title="Frank Aiken">Frank Aiken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Ireland)">Minister for External Affairs of Ireland</a><a href="#cite_note-DeValera-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ireland-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/George_Borg_Olivier" title="George Borg Olivier">George Borg Olivier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Prime Minister of Malta</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Holyoake" title="Keith Holyoake">Keith Holyoake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frederik_IX_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederik IX of Denmark">Frederik IX</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Denmark">King of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jens_Otto_Krag" title="Jens Otto Krag">Jens Otto Krag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister of Denmark</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Olav_V" title="Olav V">Olav V</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Norway">King of Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Einar Gerhardsen</a>, Premier of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahti_K._Karjalainen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahti K. Karjalainen">Ahti K. Karjalainen</a>, Foreign minister of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany"><img alt="West Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Erhard" title="Ludwig Erhard">Ludwig Erhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of West Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/45px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece" title="Constantine II of Greece">Constantine II of Greece</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sgeir_%C3%81sgeirsson" title="Ásgeir Ásgeirsson">Ásgeir Ásgeirsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">President of Iceland</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Juliana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of the Netherlands">Queen of the Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld" title="Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld">Bernhard</a>, Prince Consort of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luns" title="Joseph Luns">Joseph Luns</a>, Foreign Minister<a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Swaran_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Swaran Singh">Sardar Swaran Singh</a>, Foreign Minister of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)">Foreign Minister</a> of Pakistan<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jean,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Jean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zalman_Shazar" title="Zalman Shazar">Zalman Shazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Tage Erlander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime Minister of Sweden</a>, accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bertil" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Bertil">Prince Bertil</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia"><img alt="Rhodesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281964%E2%80%931968%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281964%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281964%E2%80%931968%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281964%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281964%E2%80%931968%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281964%E2%80%931968%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Ian Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rhodesia" title="Prime Minister of Rhodesia">Prime Minister of Rhodesia</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a>, Former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281949%E2%80%931984%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chung_Il_Kwon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chung Il Kwon">Chung Il Kwon</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Zavala_Ortiz" title="Miguel Ángel Zavala Ortiz">Miguel Ángel Zavala Ortiz</a>, Foreign Minister of <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moise_Tshombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Moise Tshombe">Moise Tshombe</a>, Prime Minister of Congo<a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Giannattasio" title="Luis Giannattasio">Luis Giannattasio</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Uruguay" title="President of Uruguay">President of Uruguay</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delegations">Delegations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Delegations">edit</a>]</div> Three countries were permitted to send delegations:<a href="#cite_note-LloydHand-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Delegations-83">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li>Admiral <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cabanier" title="Georges Cabanier">Georges Cabanier</a>, Naval Chief of Staff<a href="#cite_note-FrenchDelegation-84">[84]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy_Chodron_de_Courcel" title="Geoffroy Chodron de Courcel">Geoffroy Chodron de Courcel</a>, Ambassador to the United Kingdom<a href="#cite_note-FrenchDelegation-84">[84]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Soviet Union <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rudnev" title="Konstantin Rudnev">Konstantin Rudnev</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Deputy Premier</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russia-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Marshal of the Soviet Union">Marshal of the Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Konev" title="Ivan Konev">Ivan Konev</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Group_of_Soviet_Forces_in_Germany" title="Group of Soviet Forces in Germany">Group of Soviet Forces in Germany</a><a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russia-85">[85]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce" title="David K. E. Bruce">David K. E. Bruce</a>, Ambassador to the United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Nelson_Hand" title="Lloyd Nelson Hand">Lloyd Hand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Protocol_of_the_United_States" title="Chief of Protocol of the United States">Chief of Protocol</a><a href="#cite_note-LloydHand-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a>, Under Secretary of State<a href="#cite_note-Harriman-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, former President and <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Army_(United_States)" title="General of the Army (United States)">General of the Army</a> retired<a href="#cite_note-Leaders-76">[76]</a></li> <li>Ten <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senators</a>, including:<a href="#cite_note-LBJPressConference-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Senators-89">[89]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._William_Fulbright" title="J. William Fulbright">J. William Fulbright</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourke_Hickenlooper" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourke Hickenlooper">Bourke Hickenlooper</a>, ranking <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, Foreign Relations Committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a><a href="#cite_note-Harriman-86">[86]</a></li></ul></li></ul> The chief members of the delegation were initially Warren, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a>, and Bruce.<a href="#cite_note-LBJBarred-90">[90]</a> However, while in London, Rusk became ill and so did not attend,<a href="#cite_note-SmithPage178-35">[35]</a> resulting in Hand becoming a chief representative.<a href="#cite_note-LloydHand-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prominent_absences">Prominent absences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Prominent absences">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Irish_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish President">Irish President</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a> was not invited,<a href="#cite_note-DeValera-77">[77]</a> being an outspoken antagonist of Churchill, particularly for the latter's involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Ireland" title="Partition of Ireland">partition of Ireland</a>. Upon hearing of the death, he praised Churchill as "a great Englishman", while adding that he had also been "a dangerous adversary" for Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-Ireland-78">[78]</a> He had stirred a controversy as he signed <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s condolence book on 2 May 1945 at the German Embassy in Dublin two days after Hitler's death.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> US President Lyndon Johnson did not attend upon the advice of his doctors after hospitalisation for influenza.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> However, his decision not to send <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> for no particular reason provoked sharp criticism in newspapers in the US, Britain, and elsewhere abroad.<a href="#cite_note-Criticism-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-RoyalAudiendce-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The <a href="/wiki/White_House_press_corps" title="White House press corps">White House press corps</a> repeatedly questioned <a href="/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary">Press Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Reedy" title="George Reedy">George Reedy</a> for an explanation of the absence.<a href="#cite_note-Humphrey-95">[95]</a> Johnson said during a press conference that not sending Humphrey was a "mistake".<a href="#cite_note-LBJPressConference-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Humphrey-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Media coverage">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_of_death">News of death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: News of death">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> relayed the news of the death at 9:00 a.m.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-1">[1]</a> and continued playing <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 5 by Beethoven</a>, the opening theme with three short notes and a long note that indicated the letter "V" in <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse code</a> to symbolise Churchill's iconic wartime gesture, two fingers held aloft to show "<a href="/wiki/V_sign" title="V sign">V</a>" for victory.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coverage_of_state_funeral">Coverage of state funeral</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Coverage of state funeral">edit</a>]</div> The funeral was watched by 25 million people in the United Kingdom;<a href="#cite_note-Commemoration-99">[99]</a> it was not, however, broadcast live in Ireland, which, in 1965, had no daytime TV (the single Irish network, <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a>, broadcast only in the evening, between 5:30 p.m. and 11:30 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-Destiny-51">[51]</a> There were 350 million viewers worldwide, making it a record for a television event at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Television-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Destiny-51">[51]</a> In Britain, the funeral was broadcast live on BBC, presented by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dimbleby" title="Richard Dimbleby">Richard Dimbleby</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Dimbleby-100">[100]</a> and on <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> with Brian Connell doing the commentary.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> This would be the last state occasion Dimbleby would present because he died in December that year from cancer.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dimbleby-100">[100]</a> In North America, which is five to eight hours behind <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>, the funeral occurred during the time usually taken up by network <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_television" title="Breakfast television">breakfast television</a> programmes. However, then, the only such programme in the United States was <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">NBC Today</a>, but it wasn't broadcast on Saturdays. Although the funeral took place in the early morning hours in North America, the audience in the United States was larger than <a href="/wiki/State_funeral_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="State funeral of John F. Kennedy">JFK</a>'s fourteen months before.<a href="#cite_note-Destiny-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> had the highest ratings among the three networks at the time (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, and NBC) for their live coverage,<a href="#cite_note-USRatings-103">[103]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chet_Huntley" title="Chet Huntley">Chet Huntley</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Brinkley" title="David Brinkley">David Brinkley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Mueller" title="Merrill Mueller">Merrill Mueller</a> (himself a former NBC London bureau chief) presenting the coverage live from London.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-USRatings-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> The networks also carried highlights of the funeral in the evening hours.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> As Lady Churchill was retiring to bed she said to her daughter <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Lady_Soames" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, Lady Soames">Mary, Lady Soames</a>, "It wasn't a funeral, Mary – it was a triumph".<a href="#cite_note-soames-28">[28]</a> The Scots Guards Battalion Digest reported, stating, "without a doubt the State Funeral of 30 January was the most moving parade that the majority of the battalion had ever taken part in or observed. Perfect timing, detailed rehearsal and greater dignity all combined to make it a proud and wonderful occasion".<a href="#cite_note-murray-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> reported on 31 January, saying, "This was the last time that London would be the capital of the world. This was an act of mourning for the imperial past. This marked the final act in Britain's greatness... It was a triumph. It was a celebration of a great thing that we did in the past".<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Within a week, more than 100,000 people had visited the grave. In 1998, Churchill's tombstone had to be replaced due to the large number of visitors over the years having eroded it and its surrounding area. A new stone was dedicated in 1998 in a ceremony attended by members of the Spencer-Churchill family.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> De Gaulle commented: "Now Britain is no longer a great power."<a href="#cite_note-:2-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Death and state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II">Death and state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inline_citations">Inline citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Inline citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:5-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/24/newsid_2506000/2506493.stm">"On this day: 1965: Winston Churchill dies"</a>. BBC. 24 January 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127133300/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/24/newsid_2506000/2506493.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+this+day%3A+1965%3A+Winston+Churchill+dies&rft.date=1965-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F24%2Fnewsid_2506000%2F2506493.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-2"><a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1965" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lewis" title="Anthony Lewis">Lewis, Anthony</a> (24 January 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/aol/onthisday/big/0124.html">"Churchill is Dead at 90; The World Mourns Him; State Funeral Saturday"</a>. The New York Times. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829085139/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/aol/onthisday/big/0124.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2021. 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Retrieved 29 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Churchill+to+Get+a+State+Funeral%3B+Will+Be+First+Commoner+So+Honored+Since+Gladstone&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1965-01-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Farnsworth&rft.aufirst=Clyde+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1965%2F01%2F25%2Farchives%2Fchurchill-to-get-a-state-funeral-will-be-first-commoner-so-honored.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Television-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Television_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Television_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Television_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaiola2022" class="citation news cs1">Faiola, Anthony (20 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/19/state-funeral-elizabeth-churchill-numbers/">"The last state funeral was Churchill's. Queen Elizabeth II's was bigger"</a>. The Washington Post. p. A16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921010435/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/09/19/state-funeral-elizabeth-churchill-numbers/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+last+state+funeral+was+Churchill%E2%80%99s.+Queen+Elizabeth+II%E2%80%99s+was+bigger&rft.pages=A16&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft.aulast=Faiola&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F09%2F19%2Fstate-funeral-elizabeth-churchill-numbers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDockter2015" class="citation news cs1">Dockter, Warren (30 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/winston-churchill/11377686/Winston-Churchills-funeral-was-12-years-in-the-planning.html">"Winston Churchill's funeral was 12 years in the planning"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806054222/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/winston-churchill/11377686/Winston-Churchills-funeral-was-12-years-in-the-planning.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Winston+Churchill%27s+funeral+was+12+years+in+the+planning&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Dockter&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwinston-churchill%2F11377686%2FWinston-Churchills-funeral-was-12-years-in-the-planning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJukes2016" class="citation journal cs1">Jukes, Eric (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/RR-07-2016-0183/full/html">"British royal and state funerals: music and ceremonial since Elizabeth I"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reference+Reviews&rft.atitle=British+royal+and+state+funerals%3A+music+and+ceremonial+since+Elizabeth+I&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=29-31&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FRR-07-2016-0183&rft.aulast=Jukes&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emerald.com%2Finsight%2Fcontent%2Fdoi%2F10.1108%2FRR-07-2016-0183%2Ffull%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dodds-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dodds_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dodds_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodds2015" class="citation news cs1">Dodds, Laurence (30 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/winston-churchill/11375818/As-it-happened-The-state-funeral-of-Winston-Churchill-January-30-1965-live.html">"As it happened: The state funeral of Winston Churchill, January 30, 1965"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216233558/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/winston-churchill/11375818/As-it-happened-The-state-funeral-of-Winston-Churchill-January-30-1965-live.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=As+it+happened%3A+The+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill%2C+January+30%2C+1965&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Dodds&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwinston-churchill%2F11375818%2FAs-it-happened-The-state-funeral-of-Winston-Churchill-January-30-1965-live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurness2016" class="citation news cs1">Furness, Hannah (27 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/winston-churchill/12176391/Sir-Winston-Churchills-family-kept-his-strokes-hidden-new-drama-reveals.html">"Sir Winston Churchill's family kept his strokes hidden, new drama reveals"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107180943/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/winston-churchill/12176391/Sir-Winston-Churchills-family-kept-his-strokes-hidden-new-drama-reveals.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019. 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The Daily Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/11351639/The-death-of-Winston-Churchill-was-the-day-the-Empire-died.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2018. 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Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Winston+Churchill%27s+funeral+was+12+years+in+the+planning&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Docktor&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwinston-churchill%2F11377686%2FWinston-Churchills-funeral-was-12-years-in-the-planning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SmithPage177-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SmithPage177_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SmithPage177_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2012">Smith 2012</a>, p. 177 </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Louie (17 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/top-secret-plans-winston-churchills-9840050">"Top secret plans for Winston Churchill's funeral revealed after 50 years"</a>. Daily Mirror. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229220644/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/top-secret-plans-winston-churchills-9840050">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Mirror&rft.atitle=Top+secret+plans+for+Winston+Churchill%27s+funeral+revealed+after+50+years&rft.date=2017-02-17&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Louie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Ftop-secret-plans-winston-churchills-9840050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2010" class="citation book cs1">Perry, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HrgnN-caefcC">Winston Churchill</a>. Thomas Nelson. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4185-5523-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4185-5523-8"><bdi>978-1-4185-5523-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winston+Churchill&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4185-5523-8&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHrgnN-caefcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Byrne2011" class="citation news cs1">O'Byrne, Robert (30 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/what-the-servants-saw-1.586023">"What the servants saw"</a>. The Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220914202122/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/what-the-servants-saw-1.586023">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=What+the+servants+saw&rft.date=2011-04-30&rft.aulast=O%27Byrne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Fwhat-the-servants-saw-1.586023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoames2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Soames" title="Mary Soames">Soames, Mary</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hOpXeY-1pwwC">Clementine Churchill: The Biography of a Marriage</a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 539. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-26732-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-26732-3"><bdi>978-0-618-26732-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clementine+Churchill%3A+The+Biography+of+a+Marriage&rft.pages=539&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-618-26732-3&rft.aulast=Soames&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhOpXeY-1pwwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1965/01/24/Churchill-is-dead/9071516770209/">"Churchill is dead"</a>. UPI. 24 January 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124113508/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1965/01/24/Churchill-is-dead/9071516770209/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Churchill+is+dead&rft.date=1965-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1965%2F01%2F24%2FChurchill-is-dead%2F9071516770209%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tributes-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tributes_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tributes_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tributes_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Heads of State Praise Churchill; Johnson Asserts 'What He Did Will Never Die'". The New York Times. 25 January 1965. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Heads+of+State+Praise+Churchill%3B+Johnson+Asserts+%27What+He+Did+Will+Never+Die%27&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1965-01-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey1965" class="citation news cs1">Massey, Patrick J. (25 January 1965). "World Pays Its Tribute to Churchill". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=World+Pays+Its+Tribute+to+Churchill&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1965-01-25&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroft2014">Croft 2014</a>, pp. 54–55 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1965">Roberts 1965</a>, pp. 182–183 </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1965" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Lyndon B. (24 January 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-the-president-the-death-winston-churchill">"Statement by the President on the Death of Winston Churchill"</a>. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. The American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124120314/https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/statement-the-president-the-death-winston-churchill">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.presidency.ucsb.edu&rft.atitle=Statement+by+the+President+on+the+Death+of+Winston+Churchill&rft.date=1965-01-24&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Lyndon+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fdocuments%2Fstatement-the-president-the-death-winston-churchill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RoyalAudiendce-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RoyalAudiendce_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RoyalAudiendce_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharter2024" class="citation book cs1">Charter, David (2024). Royal Audience: 70 Years, 13 Presidents: One Queen's Special Relationship with America. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 68–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0593712870" title="Special:BookSources/978-0593712870"><bdi>978-0593712870</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Audience%3A+70+Years%2C+13+Presidents%3A+One+Queen%27s+Special+Relationship+with+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=68-69&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-0593712870&rft.aulast=Charter&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USHonors-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USHonors_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USHonors_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolliard1965" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Folliard" title="Edward T. Folliard">Folliard, Edward T.</a> (25 January 1965). "Unprecedented US Honors Ordered". The Washington Post. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Unprecedented+US+Honors+Ordered&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1965-01-25&rft.aulast=Folliard&rft.aufirst=Edward+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohr1965" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mohr_(journalist)" title="Charles Mohr (journalist)">Mohr, Charles</a> (25 January 1965). "President Hopes to Go to London; Health Improves". The New York Times. p. 1. <q>Mr. Reedy said State Department research indicated that this was the first time the American flag had been flown at half-staff for a foreign statesman.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=President+Hopes+to+Go+to+London%3B+Health+Improves&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1965-01-25&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_27-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeb1965" class="citation web cs1">Deb, H. C. (25 January 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1965/jan/25/death-of-sir-winston-churchill">"Death of Sir Winston Churchill (Hansard, 25 January 1965)"</a>. api.parliament.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905014704/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1965/jan/25/death-of-sir-winston-churchill">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=api.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Death+of+Sir+Winston+Churchill+%28Hansard%2C+25+January+1965%29&rft.date=1965-01-25&rft.aulast=Deb&rft.aufirst=H.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1965%2Fjan%2F25%2Fdeath-of-sir-winston-churchill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-soames-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soames_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soames_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soames_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soames_28-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soames_28-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soames_28-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soames_28-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoames2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Soames" title="Nicholas Soames">Soames, Nicholas</a> (30 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310191016/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/11377818/My-grandfather-Winston-Churchill-was-buried-fifty-years-ago-today.-It-wasnt-a-funeral-it-was-a-triumph.html">"My grandfather, Winston Churchill, was buried fifty years ago today. It wasn't a funeral – it was a triumph"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/11377818/My-grandfather-Winston-Churchill-was-buried-fifty-years-ago-today.-It-wasnt-a-funeral-it-was-a-triumph.html">the original</a> on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=My+grandfather%2C+Winston+Churchill%2C+was+buried+fifty+years+ago+today.+It+wasn%27t+a+funeral+%E2%80%93+it+was+a+triumph&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Soames&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhistory%2F11377818%2FMy-grandfather-Winston-Churchill-was-buried-fifty-years-ago-today.-It-wasnt-a-funeral-it-was-a-triumph.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Embalming-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Embalming_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Embalming_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Beck2012" class="citation journal cs1">Van Beck, Todd (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316212850/http://www.otcommunications.com/images/issue/oct12cfn.pdf">"The Death and State Funeral of Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill Part II"</a> (PDF). Canadian Funeral News. 40 (10): 10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.otcommunications.com/images/issue/oct12cfn.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Funeral+News&rft.atitle=The+Death+and+State+Funeral+of+Sir+Winston+Leonard+Spencer+Churchill+Part+II&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2012-10&rft.aulast=Van+Beck&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.otcommunications.com%2Fimages%2Fissue%2Foct12cfn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-murray-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-murray_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-murray_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-murray_30-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1995" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Naylor (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fNCXAwAAQBAJ">Among Friends: The Scots Guards 1956–1993</a>. London, UK: Leo Cooper. pp. 54–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-850-52455-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-850-52455-0"><bdi>978-0-850-52455-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Among+Friends%3A+The+Scots+Guards+1956%E2%80%931993&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=54-56&rft.pub=Leo+Cooper&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-850-52455-0&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Naylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfNCXAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroft2014">Croft 2014</a>, pp. 61–64 </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/30/newsid_2505000/2505981.stm">"1965: Last farewell to Churchill"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080103112626/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/30/newsid_2505000/2505981.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=1965%3A+Last+farewell+to+Churchill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F30%2Fnewsid_2505000%2F2505981.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts2018">Roberts 2018</a>, p. 962 </li> <li id="cite_note-csmonitor-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-csmonitor_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-csmonitor_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaufort2015" class="citation news cs1">Beaufort, John (30 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2015/0130/From-the-Monitor-archives-Britain-bids-Winston-Churchill-farewell">"From the Monitor archives: Britain bids Winston Churchill farewell"</a>. Christian Science Monitor. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107180951/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2015/0130/From-the-Monitor-archives-Britain-bids-Winston-Churchill-farewell">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=From+the+Monitor+archives%3A+Britain+bids+Winston+Churchill+farewell&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft.aulast=Beaufort&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FEurope%2F2015%2F0130%2FFrom-the-Monitor-archives-Britain-bids-Winston-Churchill-farewell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SmithPage178-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SmithPage178_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SmithPage178_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SmithPage178_35-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2012">Smith 2012</a>, p. 178 </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_36-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall2015" class="citation web cs1">Wall, Michael (30 January 2015) [1965-02-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jan/30/winston-churchills-funeral-in-pictures">"Winston Churchill's funeral - in pictures"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511130617/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jan/30/winston-churchills-funeral-in-pictures">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Winston+Churchill%27s+funeral+-+in+pictures&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2015%2Fjan%2F30%2Fwinston-churchills-funeral-in-pictures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rose-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rose_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rose_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2009" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Norman (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=njUBAwAAQBAJ">Churchill : an Unruly Life</a>. 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BBC News. 28 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921075349/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-30988265">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2022. 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Oxford Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921073026/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/11811978.soldier-seen-millions-churchill-funeral/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Mail&rft.atitle=Guardsman+was+proud+to+be+a+pallbearer+for+Sir+Winston&rft.date=2015-02-23&rft.aulast=Chipperfield&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmail.co.uk%2Fnews%2F11811978.soldier-seen-millions-churchill-funeral%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawnsley2019" class="citation web cs1">Rawnsley, Andrew (14 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/14/attlee-and-churchill-review">"Attlee and Churchill review – a deft account of a terrific double act"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Attlee+and+Churchill+review+%E2%80%93+a+deft+account+of+a+terrific+double+act&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft.aulast=Rawnsley&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2019%2Foct%2F14%2Fattlee-and-churchill-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallis2015" class="citation news cs1">Wallis, Lucy (28 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30981155">"'We nearly dropped Churchill's coffin'"</a>. 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Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%27We+nearly+dropped+Churchill%27s+coffin%27&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft.aulast=Wallis&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-30981155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2006" class="citation cs2">Reynolds, David (2006), Capet, Antoine (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9780230207004_7">"Churchill and de Gaulle: Makers and Writers of History"</a>, Britain, France and the Entente Cordiale since 1904, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 105–123, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230207004_7">10.1057/9780230207004_7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-28447-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-28447-4"><bdi>978-1-349-28447-4</bdi></a>, retrieved 27 August 2021</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Britain%2C+France+and+the+Entente+Cordiale+since+1904&rft.atitle=Churchill+and+de+Gaulle%3A+Makers+and+Writers+of+History&rft.pages=105-123&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230207004_7&rft.isbn=978-1-349-28447-4&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1057%2F9780230207004_7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroft2014">Croft 2014</a>, pp. 32–34 </li> <li id="cite_note-IkeTribute-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IkeTribute_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IkeTribute_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Text of Eisenhower's Tribute on TV". 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Retrieved 28 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stpauls.co.uk&rft.atitle=Sir+Winston+Churchill+Funeral+%E2%80%93+1965+%E2%80%93+St+Paul%27s+Cathedral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stpauls.co.uk%2Fhistory-collections%2Fhistory%2Fhistory-highlights%2Fwinston-churchill-funeral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australianpolitics.com/1965/01/30/robert-menzies-eulogy-for-winston-churchill.html">"Sir Winston Churchill's Funeral: Eulogy By Sir Robert Menzies"</a>. australianpolitics.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170725113342/http://australianpolitics.com/1965/01/30/robert-menzies-eulogy-for-winston-churchill.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2017. 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Finest Hour: 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201003029/https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-172/churchill-and-eisenhower-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Finest+Hour&rft.atitle=The+Prime+Minister+and+the+General%3A+Churchill+and+Eisenhower&rft.pages=15&rft.date=2016-06-08&rft.aulast=Lehrman&rft.aufirst=Lewis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwinstonchurchill.org%2Fpublications%2Ffinest-hour%2Ffinest-hour-172%2Fchurchill-and-eisenhower-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2012">Smith 2012</a>, pp. 178–179 </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrendon2020" class="citation web cs1">Brendon, Piers (24 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/death-funeral-winston-churchill-how-old-when-the-crown-secret-state-queen-elizabeth-ii-cause-date-train-music/">"The death of Sir Winston Churchill and the top-secret plans for his funeral"</a>. History Extra. Immediate Media Company Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191113182123/https://www.historyextra.com/period/20th-century/death-funeral-winston-churchill-how-old-when-the-crown-secret-state-queen-elizabeth-ii-cause-date-train-music/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Extra&rft.atitle=The+death+of+Sir+Winston+Churchill+and+the+top-secret+plans+for+his+funeral&rft.date=2020-01-24&rft.aulast=Brendon&rft.aufirst=Piers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyextra.com%2Fperiod%2F20th-century%2Fdeath-funeral-winston-churchill-how-old-when-the-crown-secret-state-queen-elizabeth-ii-cause-date-train-music%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britishheritage.com/history/queen-elizabeth-winston-churchill">"Queen Elizabeth II and Winston Churchill's unlikely friendship"</a>. British Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827101449/https://britishheritage.com/history/queen-elizabeth-winston-churchill">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Heritage&rft.atitle=Queen+Elizabeth+II+and+Winston+Churchill%27s+unlikely+friendship&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritishheritage.com%2Fhistory%2Fqueen-elizabeth-winston-churchill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallemann2019" class="citation web cs1">Hallemann, Caroline (15 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a20764718/queen-elizabeth-royal-wedding-boss/">"5 Times Queen Elizabeth Was a Total Boss at the Royal Wedding"</a>. Town & Country. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827103000/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a20764718/queen-elizabeth-royal-wedding-boss/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Town+%26+Country&rft.atitle=5+Times+Queen+Elizabeth+Was+a+Total+Boss+at+the+Royal+Wedding&rft.date=2019-05-15&rft.aulast=Hallemann&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.townandcountrymag.com%2Fsociety%2Ftradition%2Fa20764718%2Fqueen-elizabeth-royal-wedding-boss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRange2016">Range 2016</a>, p. 288 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroft2014">Croft 2014</a>, pp. 95–96 </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_62-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCroft2014">Croft 2014</a>, p. 98 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/january/24/newsid_2692000/2692293.stm">"1965: Memories of Churchill's funeral"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 24 January 1965. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819133930/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/january/24/newsid_2692000/2692293.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1965%3A+Memories+of+Churchill%27s+funeral&rft.date=1965-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fwitness%2Fjanuary%2F24%2Fnewsid_2692000%2F2692293.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1976" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, A.J.P. (1976). "The war lords 3. Churchill". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P3hBAQAAIAAJ">The Listener</a>. Vol. 96. British Broadcasting Corporation. p. 198.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+war+lords+3.+Churchill&rft.btitle=The+Listener&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=British+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=A.J.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP3hBAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Winston S Churchill". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UtxOAQAAIAAJ">Port of London</a>. Vol. 49. 1974. p. 382.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Winston+S+Churchill&rft.btitle=Port+of+London&rft.pages=382&rft.date=1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUtxOAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert2015" class="citation web cs1">Lambert, Victoria (25 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/winston-churchill/11367223/Churchills-Funeral-We-were-part-of-history.html">"Churchill's Funeral: We were part of history"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150125083938/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/winston-churchill/11367223/Churchills-Funeral-We-were-part-of-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Churchill%27s+Funeral%3A+We+were+part+of+history&rft.date=2015-01-25&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwinston-churchill%2F11367223%2FChurchills-Funeral-We-were-part-of-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchill2015" class="citation web cs1">Churchill, Randolf (2 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-167/fifty-years-on-2/">"Fifty Years On"</a>. International Churchill Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210827101449/https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-167/fifty-years-on-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Churchill+Society&rft.atitle=Fifty+Years+On&rft.date=2015-08-02&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=Randolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwinstonchurchill.org%2Fpublications%2Ffinest-hour%2Ffinest-hour-167%2Ffifty-years-on-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyatt2015" class="citation web cs1">Wyatt, Daisy (30 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/churchill-nation-s-farewell-course-dockworkers-were-paid-dip-cranes-tribute-winston-it-was-saturday-10010382.html">"Churchill: The Nation's Farewell - No, dockers were not bribed to dip cranes at Churchill's funeral"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602222721/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/churchill-nation-s-farewell-course-dockworkers-were-paid-dip-cranes-tribute-winston-it-was-saturday-10010382.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Churchill%3A+The+Nation%27s+Farewell+-+No%2C+dockers+were+not+bribed+to+dip+cranes+at+Churchill%27s+funeral&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=Daisy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fchurchill-nation-s-farewell-course-dockworkers-were-paid-dip-cranes-tribute-winston-it-was-saturday-10010382.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2015" class="citation web cs1">Freeman, David (2 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-167/books-arts-curiosities-craning-for-attention/">"Books, Arts & Curiosities - Craning for Attention"</a>. International Churchill Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716025433/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-167/books-arts-curiosities-craning-for-attention">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Churchill+Society&rft.atitle=Books%2C+Arts+%26+Curiosities+-+Craning+for+Attention&rft.date=2015-08-02&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwinstonchurchill.org%2Fpublications%2Ffinest-hour%2Ffinest-hour-167%2Fbooks-arts-curiosities-craning-for-attention%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrm.org.uk/PlanaVisit/Events/churchill/main">"Churchill's final journey"</a>. National Railway Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509055011/http://www.nrm.org.uk/planavisit/events/churchill/main">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Churchill%27s+final+journey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrm.org.uk%2FPlanaVisit%2FEvents%2Fchurchill%2Fmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semgonline.com/misc/win-church_1.html">"Sir Winston Churchill's Funeral Train"</a>. Southern E-Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080108015242/http://www.semgonline.com/misc/win-church_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Winston+Churchill%27s+Funeral+Train&rft.pub=Southern+E-Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semgonline.com%2Fmisc%2Fwin-church_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould1992" class="citation book cs1">Gould, David (1992). Southern Railway Passenger Vans. Headington: Oakwood Press. p. 77,80,85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85361-428-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85361-428-8"><bdi>0-85361-428-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Railway+Passenger+Vans&rft.place=Headington&rft.pages=77%2C80%2C85&rft.pub=Oakwood+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-85361-428-8&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2003" class="citation cs2">King, Mike (2003), An Illustrated History of Southern Coaches, Horsham, Surrey: Oxford Publishing Company, pp. 194, 223, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86093-570-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86093-570-1"><bdi>0-86093-570-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+History+of+Southern+Coaches&rft.place=Horsham%2C+Surrey&rft.pages=194%2C+223&rft.pub=Oxford+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-86093-570-1&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAddison2006" class="citation book cs1">Addison, Paul (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=59wSDAAAQBAJ">Churchill: The Unexpected Hero</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press Inc. p. 245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929743-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929743-6"><bdi>978-0-19-929743-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117063239/https://books.google.com/books?id=59wSDAAAQBAJ&printsec">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%3A+The+Unexpected+Hero&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-929743-6&rft.aulast=Addison&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D59wSDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDR-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FDR_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1965/01/31/101524741.html">"Roosevelt's Birth Marked at Hyde Park Graveside"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. 31 January 1965. p. 33. 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The New York Times. Associated Press. 31 January 1965. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dignitaries+at+Funeral&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1965-01-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeValera-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeValera_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeValera_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/de-valera-not-invited-to-churchill-s-funeral-1.393088">"De Valera not invited to Churchill's funeral"</a>. The Irish Times. 14 August 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829085139/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/de-valera-not-invited-to-churchill-s-funeral-1.393088">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=De+Valera+not+invited+to+Churchill%27s+funeral&rft.date=2001-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fde-valera-not-invited-to-churchill-s-funeral-1.393088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ireland-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ireland_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ireland_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12172768.even-in-death-de-valera-refused-to-forgive-churchill-over-partition/">"Even in death De Valera refused to forgive Churchill over partition"</a>. The Herald. 15 August 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829085141/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12172768.even-in-death-de-valera-refused-to-forgive-churchill-over-partition/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=Even+in+death+De+Valera+refused+to+forgive+Churchill+over+partition&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fnews%2F12172768.even-in-death-de-valera-refused-to-forgive-churchill-over-partition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1159251">"From the past pages of dawn: 1965: Fifty years ago: Winston Churchill dead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129164625/https://www.dawn.com/news/1159251">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=From+the+past+pages+of+dawn%3A+1965%3A+Fifty+years+ago%3A+Winston+Churchill+dead&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1159251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarnsworth1965" class="citation news cs1">Farnsworth, Clyde H. (31 January 1965). "Wilson Confers With Erhard and Other Leaders After Rites". The New York Times. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wilson+Confers+With+Erhard+and+Other+Leaders+After+Rites&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1965-01-31&rft.aulast=Farnsworth&rft.aufirst=Clyde+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFARIMA_Sumisato2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ARIMA Sumisato (April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jnpc.or.jp/journal/interviews/22365">"チャーチル国葬（有馬純達）2007年4月"</a> [Churchill State Funeral (ARIMA Sumisato) April 2007]. 日本記者クラブ Japan National Press Club (JNPC) (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Press_Club" title="Japan National Press Club">Japan National Press Club</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004055808/https://www.jnpc.or.jp/journal/interviews/22365">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96+Japan+National+Press+Club+%28JNPC%29&rft.atitle=%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%AC%EF%BC%88%E6%9C%89%E9%A6%AC+%E7%B4%94%E9%81%94%EF%BC%892007%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%88&rft.date=2007-04&rft.au=ARIMA+Sumisato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnpc.or.jp%2Fjournal%2Finterviews%2F22365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LloydHand-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LloydHand_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LloydHand_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LloydHand_82-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHand2015" class="citation web cs1">Hand, Lloyd (2 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-167/an-unexpected-journey/">"An Unexpected Journey"</a>. International Churchill Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716025431/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-167/an-unexpected-journey">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Churchill+Society&rft.atitle=An+Unexpected+Journey&rft.date=2015-08-02&rft.aulast=Hand&rft.aufirst=Lloyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwinstonchurchill.org%2Fpublications%2Ffinest-hour%2Ffinest-hour-167%2Fan-unexpected-journey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delegations-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Delegations_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Kings, Presidents to Attend Funeral in London". The Washington Post. 26 January 1965. p. A5. <q>Britain's chief wartime allies, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France, have each been invited to send three official representatives to the funeral.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Kings%2C+Presidents+to+Attend+Funeral+in+London&rft.pages=A5&rft.date=1965-01-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrenchDelegation-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FrenchDelegation_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrenchDelegation_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Top Talks in London On Weekend Unlikely". The Washington Post. 28 January 1965. p. A17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Top+Talks+in+London+On+Weekend+Unlikely&rft.pages=A17&rft.date=1965-01-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russia-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russia_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russia_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1965" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Flora_Lewis" title="Flora Lewis">Lewis, Flora</a> (31 January 1965). "Pride, Splendor Mark Churchill Rites". The Washington Post. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Pride%2C+Splendor+Mark+Churchill+Rites&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1965-01-31&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Flora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harriman-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harriman_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harriman_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1965" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lewis" title="Anthony Lewis">Lewis, Anthony</a> (29 January 1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1965/01/29/archives/elizabeth-visits-churchills-bier-pays-an-unusual-tribute-as.html">"Elizabeth Visits Churchill's Bier"</a>. The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 1 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Visits+Churchill%27s+Bier&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1965-01-29&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1965%2F01%2F29%2Farchives%2Felizabeth-visits-churchills-bier-pays-an-unusual-tribute-as.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinzerling1965" class="citation news cs1">Heinzerling, Lynn (31 January 1965). "World Pays Its Last Homage to Churchill". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Associated Press. p. 1. <q>Chief Justice Earl Warren and Under Secretary of State Averell Harriman represented the United States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Philadelphia+Inquirer&rft.atitle=World+Pays+Its+Last+Homage+to+Churchill&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1965-01-31&rft.aulast=Heinzerling&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LBJPressConference-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LBJPressConference_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LBJPressConference_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/february-4-1965-press-conference">"February 4, 1965: Press Conference"</a>. Miller Center. University of Virginia. 20 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101438/https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/february-4-1965-press-conference">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miller+Center&rft.atitle=February+4%2C+1965%3A+Press+Conference&rft.date=2016-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmillercenter.org%2Fthe-presidency%2Fpresidential-speeches%2Ffebruary-4-1965-press-conference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Senators-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Senators_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1965">Roberts 1965</a>, p. 183 </li> <li id="cite_note-LBJBarred-90"><a href="#cite_ref-LBJBarred_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilpatrick1965" class="citation news cs1">Kilpatrick, Carroll (28 January 1965). "Physicians Bar Johnson Trip to London; Warren, Rusk and Bruce Will Go". The Washington Post. p. A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Physicians+Bar+Johnson+Trip+to+London%3B+Warren%2C+Rusk+and+Bruce+Will+Go&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=1965-01-28&rft.aulast=Kilpatrick&rft.aufirst=Carroll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2013" class="citation web cs1">Ghosh, Palash (10 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.com/irish-nationalist-nazi-when-eamon-de-valera-paid-his-respects-adolf-hitler-1403768">"The Irish Nationalist And The Nazi: When Eamon De Valera Paid His Respects To Adolf Hitler"</a>. International Business Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130913011815/http://www.ibtimes.com:80/irish-nationalist-nazi-when-eamon-de-valera-paid-his-respects-adolf-hitler-1403768">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=The+Irish+Nationalist+And+The+Nazi%3A+When+Eamon+De+Valera+Paid+His+Respects+To+Adolf+Hitler&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Palash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Firish-nationalist-nazi-when-eamon-de-valera-paid-his-respects-adolf-hitler-1403768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2012">Smith 2012</a>, pp. 177–178 </li> <li id="cite_note-Criticism-93"><a href="#cite_ref-Criticism_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstabrook1965" class="citation news cs1">Estabrook, Robert H. (1 February 1965). "Humphrey's Absence At Funeral Criticized". The Washington Post. p. A8. <q>British newspapers...sharply criticized the Johnson administration for not sending Vice President Hubert Humphrey to represent the United States at Sir Winston Churchill's funeral.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Humphrey%27s+Absence+At+Funeral+Criticized&rft.pages=A8&rft.date=1965-02-01&rft.aulast=Estabrook&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrock1965" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Krock" title="Arthur Krock">Krock, Arthur</a> (31 January 1965). "New Game in Capital: Why Didn't Johnson Name Humphrey To Attend Churchill's Funeral?". The New York Times. p. E9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Game+in+Capital%3A+Why+Didn%27t+Johnson+Name+Humphrey+To+Attend+Churchill%27s+Funeral%3F&rft.pages=E9&rft.date=1965-01-31&rft.aulast=Krock&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humphrey-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Humphrey_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoftus1965" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Loftus" title="Joseph A. Loftus">Loftus, Joseph A.</a> (5 February 1965). "Johnson Suspects a 'Mistake' in Not Sending Humphrey to Churchill Rites". The New York Times. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Johnson+Suspects+a+%27Mistake%27+in+Not+Sending+Humphrey+to+Churchill+Rites&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1965-02-05&rft.aulast=Loftus&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://audioboom.com/posts/2772856-death-of-sir-winston-churchill">"Death of Sir Winston Churchill"</a>. Audioboom. 5 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925105504/https://audioboom.com/posts/2772856-death-of-sir-winston-churchill">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Audioboom&rft.atitle=Death+of+Sir+Winston+Churchill&rft.date=2015-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faudioboom.com%2Fposts%2F2772856-death-of-sir-winston-churchill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/people-react-to-churchill-death-1965/z79dkmn">"People react to Churchill's death, 1965"</a>. BBC Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603014212/https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/people-react-to-churchill-death-1965/z79dkmn">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Archive&rft.atitle=People+react+to+Churchill%27s+death%2C+1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Farchive%2Fpeople-react-to-churchill-death-1965%2Fz79dkmn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeron1965" class="citation news cs1">Feron, James (25 January 1965). "Beethoven Fifth Informs Britons". The New York Times. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Beethoven+Fifth+Informs+Britons&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1965-01-25&rft.aulast=Feron&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commemoration-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Commemoration_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorny2015" class="citation web cs1">Gorny, Molly (29 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.funeralwise.com/digital-dying/winston-churchill-funeral/">"Commemorating the historic Winston Churchill funeral"</a>. Funeralwise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229061423/https://www.funeralwise.com/digital-dying/winston-churchill-funeral/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemorating+the+historic+Winston+Churchill+funeral&rft.pub=Funeralwise&rft.date=2015-01-29&rft.aulast=Gorny&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.funeralwise.com%2Fdigital-dying%2Fwinston-churchill-funeral%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dimbleby-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dimbleby_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dimbleby_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCann1997" class="citation news cs1">McCann, Paul (2 September 1997). "Dimbleby is likely to lead BBC coverage". The Independent. p. 3. <q><a href="/wiki/David_Dimbleby" title="David Dimbleby">David Dimbleby</a> looks set to follow in his late father's footsteps by leading BBC coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales">funeral...of Diana, Princess of Wales</a>...likely to be the biggest broadcasting event since Winston Churchill's state funeral in 1965, the last great occasion of state covered for the BBC by Richard Dimbleby.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Dimbleby+is+likely+to+lead+BBC+coverage&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1997-09-02&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/aug/23/guardianobituaries2">"Brian Connell"</a>. The Guardian. 23 August 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114195739/https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/aug/23/guardianobituaries2">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2022. <q>On Winston Churchill's death in 1965 he wrote and delivered the narration to ITN's obituary programme, and was also a commentator on the funeral coverage, which, in an edited version called The Valiant Man, won many awards.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Brian+Connell&rft.date=1999-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F1999%2Faug%2F23%2Fguardianobituaries2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"BBC's Richard Dimbleby Dies; Commentator at Leading Events". The New York Times. 23 December 1965. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=BBC%27s+Richard+Dimbleby+Dies%3B+Commentator+at+Leading+Events&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1965-12-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USRatings-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USRatings_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USRatings_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Frank" title="Reuven Frank">Frank, Reuven</a> (1991). Out of Thin Air: The Brief Wonderful Life of Network News. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-67758-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-67758-6"><bdi>0-671-67758-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Out+of+Thin+Air%3A+The+Brief+Wonderful+Life+of+Network+News&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-671-67758-6&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Reuven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedbetter1980" class="citation news cs1">Ledbetter, Les (2 December 1980). "Merrill Mueller, 64, Reported Three Wars and First Space Shots". The New York Times. p. D23. <q>Mr. Mueller covered...World War II...and Churchill's funeral.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Merrill+Mueller%2C+64%2C+Reported+Three+Wars+and+First+Space+Shots&rft.pages=D23&rft.date=1980-12-02&rft.aulast=Ledbetter&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkley1995">Brinkley 1995</a>, pp. 178–181 </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould1965" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gould" title="Jack Gould">Gould, Jack</a> (31 January 1965). "TV Carries Rites". The New York Times. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TV+Carries+Rites&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1965-01-31&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrinkley1995">Brinkley 1995</a>, p. 181 </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donovan2013" class="citation web cs1">O'Donovan, Patrick (3 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2013/feb/03/observer-archive-churchill-state-funeral">"From the Observer archive, 31 January 1965: Winston Churchill's state funeral"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603002048/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2013/feb/03/observer-archive-churchill-state-funeral">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=From+the+Observer+archive%2C+31+January+1965%3A+Winston+Churchill%27s+state+funeral&rft.date=2013-02-03&rft.aulast=O%27Donovan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2Ffeb%2F03%2Fobserver-archive-churchill-state-funeral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/89507.stm">"New grave honours Churchill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>. 8 May 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040311225041/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/89507.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2004. Retrieved 26 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+grave+honours+Churchill&rft.pub=BBC+News+Online&rft.date=1998-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F89507.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkley1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Brinkley" title="David Brinkley">Brinkley, David</a> (1995). David Brinkley: 11 presidents, 4 wars, 22 political conventions, 1 moon landing, 3 assassinations, 2,000 weeks of news and other stuff on television and 18 years of growing up in North Carolina. New York: A.A. Knopf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David+Brinkley%3A+11+presidents%2C+4+wars%2C+22+political+conventions%2C+1+moon+landing%2C+3+assassinations%2C+2%2C000+weeks+of+news+and+other+stuff+on+television+and+18+years+of+growing+up+in+North+Carolina&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=A.A.+Knopf&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Brinkley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroft2014" class="citation book cs1">Croft, Rodney J. (2014). Churchill's Final Farewell: The State and Private Funeral of Sir Winston Churchill. London, UK: Croft Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84396-332-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84396-332-5"><bdi>978-1-84396-332-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%27s+Final+Farewell%3A+The+State+and+Private+Funeral+of+Sir+Winston+Churchill&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Croft+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84396-332-5&rft.aulast=Croft&rft.aufirst=Rodney+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRange2016" class="citation book cs1">Range, Matthias (2016). British Royal and State Funerals: Music and Ceremonial since Elizabeth I. Martlesham, Suffolk: Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1783270927" title="Special:BookSources/978-1783270927"><bdi>978-1783270927</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Royal+and+State+Funerals%3A+Music+and+Ceremonial+since+Elizabeth+I&rft.place=Martlesham%2C+Suffolk&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1783270927&rft.aulast=Range&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Roberts,_Baron_Roberts_of_Belgravia" title="Andrew Roberts, Baron Roberts of Belgravia">Roberts, Andrew</a> (2018). Churchill: Walking With Destiny. New York: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781101981009" title="Special:BookSources/9781101981009"><bdi>9781101981009</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%3A+Walking+With+Destiny&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781101981009&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1965" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Charles (1965). LBJ's Inner Circle. New York: Delacorte Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LBJ%27s+Inner+Circle&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Delacorte+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Bedell_Smith" title="Sally Bedell Smith">Smith, Sally Bedell</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elizabethqueenin0000smit">Elizabeth the Queen: inside the life of a modern monarch</a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400067893" title="Special:BookSources/9781400067893"><bdi>9781400067893</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+the+Queen%3A+inside+the+life+of+a+modern+monarch&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781400067893&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Sally+Bedell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felizabethqueenin0000smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeath+and+state+funeral+of+Winston+Churchill" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_and_state_funeral_of_Winston_Churchill&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Funeral_of_Winston_Churchill" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Funeral of Winston Churchill">Funeral of Winston Churchill</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/churchill/11023.shtml">Original BBC footage of Churchill's funeral</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/yourcountry/collections/churchillexhibition/churchill-death/churchills-funeral/">Churchill's Funeral - Order of Service - UK Parliament Living Heritage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stpauls.co.uk/history-collections/history/history-highlights/winston-churchill-funeral">Funeral profile at St Paul's</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaymuseum.org.uk/what-was-on/churchills-final-journey">"Churchill's Final Journey" by Railway Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/tributes-to-churchill/znqnqp3">Tributes to Churchill on BBC archive</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_funerals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:State funerals in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_funerals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:State funerals in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_funerals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State funerals in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_and_state_funerals_in_the_United_Kingdom_since_1901" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ceremonial and <a href="/wiki/State_funerals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="State funerals in the United Kingdom">state funerals in the United Kingdom</a> since 1901</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State funerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members of the <a href="/wiki/British_royal_family" title="British royal family">royal family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria">1901: Queen Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Edward_VII" title="Death and state funeral of Edward VII">1910: King Edward VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_V" title="Death and state funeral of George V">1936: King George V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_VI" title="Death and state funeral of George VI">1952: King George VI (Hyde Park Corner)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II">2022: Queen Elizabeth II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_London_Bridge" title="Operation London Bridge">Operation London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guests_at_the_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="List of guests at the state funeral of Elizabeth II">dignitaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Planned" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>King Charles III <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Menai_Bridge" title="Operation Menai Bridge">Operation Menai Bridge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Outside the royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts#Death" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">1914: The Earl Roberts of Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Cavell#Repatriation_and_burial" title="Edith Cavell">1919: Edith Cavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Warrior" title="The Unknown Warrior">1920: The Unknown Warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig#Death" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">1928: The Earl Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson#State_funeral" title="Edward Carson">1935: The Lord Carson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1965: Sir Winston Churchill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hope_Not" title="Operation Hope Not">Operation Hope Not</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremonial funerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members of the royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Cambridge#Later_life" title="Prince George, Duke of Cambridge">1904: The Duke of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_of_Battenberg#Final_years_and_death" title="Prince Louis of Battenberg">1921: The Marquess of Milford Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Death and funeral of Alexandra of Denmark">1925: Queen Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Mary_of_Teck" title="Death and funeral of Mary of Teck">1953: Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester#Death" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">1974: The Duke of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Lord_Mountbatten" title="Funeral of Lord Mountbatten">1979: The Earl Mountbatten of Burma (Operation Freeman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales">1997: Diana, Princess of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Death and funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">2002: Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (Operation Tay Bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhumation_and_reburial_of_Richard_III_of_England" title="Exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England">2015: King Richard III</a> (exhumation and reburial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">2021: The Duke of Edinburgh (Operation Forth Bridge)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Outside the royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Charles_Beresford#Death_and_funeral" title="Lord Charles Beresford">1919: The Lord Beresford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher,_1st_Baron_Fisher#Last_years_(1915–1920)" title="John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher">1920: The Lord Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres#Death" title="John French, 1st Earl of Ypres">1925: The Earl of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Death and funeral of Margaret Thatcher">2013: The Baroness Thatcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winston_Churchill" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winston_Churchill" title="Template:Winston Churchill"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winston_Churchill" title="Template talk:Winston Churchill"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winston_Churchill" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winston Churchill"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winston_Churchill" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Early life of Winston Churchill">Early life, 1874–1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_in_politics,_1900%E2%80%931939" title="Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939">In politics, 1900–1939</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill%27s_Liberal_Party_years,_1904%E2%80%931924" title="Winston Churchill's Liberal Party years, 1904–1924">Liberal Party, 1904–1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellorship_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Chancellorship of Winston Churchill">Chancellor, 1924–1929</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill%27s_%22Wilderness%22_years,_1929%E2%80%931939" title="Winston Churchill's "Wilderness" years, 1929–1939">"Wilderness" years, 1929–1939</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_in_the_Second_World_War" title="Winston Churchill in the Second World War">World War II, 1939–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Later_life_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Later life of Winston Churchill">Later life, 1945–1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Electoral history of Winston Churchill">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_as_a_painter" title="Winston Churchill as a painter">As a painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_as_a_writer" title="Winston Churchill as a writer">As a writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Racial views of Winston Churchill">Racial views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill%27s_pets" title="Winston Churchill's pets">His pets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Death and funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_war_ministry" title="Churchill war ministry">Churchill war ministry, 1940–1945</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Winston_Churchill%27s_first_premiership" title="Timeline of Winston Churchill's first premiership">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">conferences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_caretaker_ministry" title="Churchill caretaker ministry">Churchill caretaker ministry, 1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Churchill_ministry" title="Third Churchill ministry">Churchill's third ministry, 1951–1955</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Malakand_Field_Force" title="The Story of the Malakand Field Force">The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savrola" title="Savrola">Savrola (1899 novel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_War" title="The River War">The River War (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_to_Ladysmith_via_Pretoria" title="London to Ladysmith via Pretoria">London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hamilton%27s_March" title="Ian Hamilton's March">Ian Hamilton's March (1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill_(book)" title="Lord Randolph Churchill (book)">Lord Randolph Churchill (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Crisis" title="The World Crisis">The World Crisis (1923–1931, five volumes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Early_Life" title="My Early Life">My Early Life (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough:_His_Life_and_Times" title="Marlborough: His Life and Times">Marlborough: His Life and Times (1933–1938, four volumes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Contemporaries" title="Great Contemporaries">Great Contemporaries (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_and_the_Covenant" title="Arms and the Covenant">Arms and the Covenant (1938)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Are_There_Men_on_the_Moon%3F" title="Are There Men on the Moon?">"Are There Men on the Moon?" (1942)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Second_World_War_(book_series)" title="The Second World War (book series)">The Second World War (1948–1953, six volumes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_English-Speaking_Peoples" title="A History of the English-Speaking Peoples">A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (1956–1958, four volumes)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_total_and_unmitigated_defeat" title="A total and unmitigated defeat">A total and unmitigated defeat</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood,_toil,_tears_and_sweat" title="Blood, toil, tears and sweat">Blood, toil, tears and sweat</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Be_ye_men_of_valour" title="Be ye men of valour">Be ye men of valour</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_shall_fight_on_the_beaches" title="We shall fight on the beaches">We shall fight on the beaches</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_was_their_finest_hour" title="This was their finest hour">This was their finest hour</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Never_was_so_much_owed_by_so_many_to_so_few" title="Never was so much owed by so many to so few">Never was so much owed by so many to so few</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain#Churchill_speech" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy and depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Bibliography of Winston Churchill">Bibliography of Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honours_of_Winston_Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Honours of Winston Churchill">Honours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Churchill_Society" title="International Churchill Society">International Churchill Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_War_Rooms" title="Churchill War Rooms">Churchill War Rooms and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Churchill_Museum" title="National Churchill Museum">National Churchill Museum</a> (Fulton, Missouri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill College, Cambridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Archives_Centre" title="Churchill Archives Centre">Churchill Archives Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_Memorial_Trusts" title="Winston Churchill Memorial Trusts">Memorial Trusts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_School_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Winston Churchill School (disambiguation)">Schools and higher education (various)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_Boulevard" title="Winston Churchill Boulevard">Boulevard in Mississauga, Ontario</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monuments_and_memorials_to_Winston_Churchill" title="Category:Monuments and memorials to Winston Churchill">others</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Winston_Churchill_(Epstein)" title="Bust of Winston Churchill (Epstein)">Epstein busts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Winston_Churchill,_Mishkenot_Sha%27ananim" title="Bust of Winston Churchill, Mishkenot Sha'ananim">Mishkenot Sha'ananim bust, Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Roaring_Lion" title="The Roaring Lion">The Roaring Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Winston_Churchill_(Sutherland)" title="Portrait of Winston Churchill (Sutherland)">Sutherland portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Cultural depictions of Winston Churchill">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Churchillian_Drift" title="Churchillian Drift">Churchillian Drift</a>"</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Statues" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>London <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Palace_of_Westminster" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Parliament_Square" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Woodford" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Woodford">Woodford</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill,_Paris" title="Statue of Winston Churchill, Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill_(Toronto)" title="Statue of Winston Churchill (Toronto)">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Winston_Churchill_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of Winston Churchill (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartwell" title="Chartwell">Chartwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway_Debate" title="Norway Debate">Norway Debate</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation Unthinkable</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill%27s_political_ideology" class="mw-redirect" title="Winston Churchill's political ideology">Political ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sidney_Street" title="Siege of Sidney Street">Siege of Sidney Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Bladon" title="St Martin's Church, Bladon">St Martin's Church, Bladon</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Stalingrad" title="Sword of Stalingrad">Sword of Stalingrad</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Terminological_inexactitude" title="Terminological inexactitude">Terminological inexactitude</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Other_Club" title="The Other Club">The Other Club</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonypandy_riots" title="Tonypandy riots">Tonypandy riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_British_war_cabinet_crisis" title="1940 British war cabinet crisis">1940 British war cabinet crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_citizenship_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary citizenship of the United States">Honorary U.S. citizenship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Winston_Churchill" title="Family of Winston Churchill">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_Churchill" title="Clementine Churchill">Clementine Churchill</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Churchill" title="Diana Churchill">Diana Churchill</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Churchill" title="Randolph Churchill">Randolph Churchill</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Churchill_(actress)" title="Sarah Churchill (actress)">Sarah Churchill</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Marigold_Churchill" title="Tomb of Marigold Churchill">Marigold Churchill</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Soames" title="Mary Soames">Mary Soames</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_(1940%E2%80%932010)" title="Winston Churchill (1940–2010)">Winston Churchill</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lord Randolph Churchill">Lord Randolph Churchill</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Randolph_Churchill" title="Lady Randolph Churchill">Jennie Jerome, Lady Randolph Churchill</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Churchill_(1880%E2%80%931947)" title="Jack Churchill (1880–1947)">Jack Churchill</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer-Churchill,_7th_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough">John Spencer-Churchill</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Anne_Spencer-Churchill,_Duchess_of_Marlborough" title="Frances Anne Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough">Frances Anne Spencer-Churchill</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jerome" title="Leonard Jerome">Leonard Jerome</a> (grandfather)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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