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class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografické_vymedzenie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografické_vymedzenie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografické vymedzenie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografické_vymedzenie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Časové_vymedzenie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Časové_vymedzenie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Časové vymedzenie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Časové_vymedzenie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Časové vymedzenie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Časové_vymedzenie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Začiatok_staroveku_(koniec_praveku)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Začiatok_staroveku_(koniec_praveku)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Začiatok staroveku (koniec praveku)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Začiatok_staroveku_(koniec_praveku)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koniec_staroveku_(začiatok_stredoveku)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koniec_staroveku_(začiatok_stredoveku)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Koniec staroveku (začiatok stredoveku)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koniec_staroveku_(začiatok_stredoveku)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Antika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Antika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Antika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Antika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antika_vo_filozofii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antika_vo_filozofii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Antika vo filozofii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antika_vo_filozofii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charakteristika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charakteristika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Charakteristika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Charakteristika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Charakteristika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Charakteristika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Starý_Orient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starý_Orient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Starý Orient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starý_Orient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klasický_starovek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasický_starovek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Klasický starovek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klasický_starovek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iné_projekty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iné_projekty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Iné projekty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iné_projekty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Obsah" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Starovek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 116 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altertum" title="Altertum – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Altertum" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_Antiga" title="Edat Antiga – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Edat Antiga" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85" title="التاريخ القديم – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التاريخ القديم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%C3%A1_Antigua" title="Edá Antigua – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Edá Antigua" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99dim_D%C3%BCnya" title="Qədim Dünya – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qədim Dünya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="قدیم تاریخ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قدیم تاریخ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oitadum" title="Oitadum – bavorština" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oitadum" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavorština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senuob%C4%97s_istuor%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Senuobės istuorėjė – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Senuobės istuorėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Старажытны свет – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старажытны свет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_perkolotan" title="Èlmu perkolotan – batavština" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu perkolotan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="batavština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Древност – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Древност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="प्राचीन इतिहास – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्राचीन इतिहास" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="প্রাচীনকালের ইতিহাস – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাচীনকালের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henamzer" title="Henamzer – bretónčina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Henamzer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stari_vijek" title="Stari vijek – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Stari vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_antiga" title="Edat antiga – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edat antiga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaang_kasaysayan" title="Karaang kasaysayan – cebuánčina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karaang kasaysayan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مێژووی دێرین – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێژووی دێرین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starov%C4%9Bk" title="Starověk – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Starověk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8_%D1%82%D3%97%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Авалхи тӗнче – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Авалхи тӗнче" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Henfyd" title="Yr Henfyd – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Henfyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altertum" title="Altertum – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Altertum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarixo_Antik" title="Tarixo Antik – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tarixo Antik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αρχαία Ιστορία – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία Ιστορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ancient history" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikva_epoko" title="Antikva epoko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Antikva epoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edad_Antigua" title="Edad Antigua – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edad Antigua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaaeg" title="Vanaaeg – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vanaaeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antzinaroa" title="Antzinaroa – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antzinaroa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاریخ باستان – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ باستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaaig" title="Vanaaig – võruština" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vanaaig" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9" title="Antiquité – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antiquité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storie_antighe" title="Storie antighe – friulčina" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Storie antighe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldheid" title="Aldheid – západná frízština" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aldheid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="západná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chianaois" title="An Chianaois – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chianaois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikit%C3%A9" title="Antikité – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Antikité" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_Antiga" title="Idade Antiga – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Idade Antiga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ra_Ymaguare" title="Ára Ymaguare – guaraníjčina" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ára Ymaguare" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraníjčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="העת העתיקה – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העת העתיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="प्राचीन इतिहास – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राचीन इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="najlepší článok"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stari_vijek" title="Stari vijek – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stari vijek" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantikite" title="Lantikite – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lantikite" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93kor" title="Ókor – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ókor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0" title="Հին աշխարհ – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հին աշխարհ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquitate" title="Antiquitate – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Antiquitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_kuno" title="Sejarah kuno – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah kuno" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A1" title="Antiquitá – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Antiquitá" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiqueso" title="Antiqueso – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Antiqueso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forn%C3%B6ld" title="Fornöld – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fornöld" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_antica" title="Età antica – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Età antica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="古代 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D" title="ძველი მსოფლიო – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძველი მსოფლიო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglest" title="Taglest – kabylčina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taglest" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caana%CA%8A_(Antiquit%C3%A9)" title="Caanaʊ (Antiquité) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Caanaʊ (Antiquité)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Ежелгі дүние – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ежелгі дүние" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC" title="고대사 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고대사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdema_kevnare" title="Serdema kevnare – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serdema kevnare" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen-Istori" title="Hen-Istori – kornčina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hen-Istori" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9" title="Байыркы дүйнө – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Байыркы дүйнө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquitas" title="Antiquitas – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antiquitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9it" title="Antiquitéit – luxemburčina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Antiquitéit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticia" title="Anticia – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Anticia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_antica" title="Storia antica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Storia antica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_Ant%C3%ACca" title="Età Antìca – lombardčina" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Età Antìca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ປະຫວັດສາດບູຮານ – laoština" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະຫວັດສາດບູຮານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senieji_laikai" title="Senieji laikai – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Senieji laikai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senie_laiki" title="Senie laiki – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Senie laiki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кунардонь масторлангась – mokšiančina" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кунардонь масторлангась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšiančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andro_Taloha" title="Andro Taloha – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Andro Taloha" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Стар век – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стар век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രാചീന ചരിത്രം – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രാചീന ചരിത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯂꯤ – manípurčina" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯂꯤꯄ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯂꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manípurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_purba" title="Sejarah purba – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sejarah purba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A0_antica" title="Età antica – neapolčina" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Età antica" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="प्राचीन इतिहास – nepálčina" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्राचीन इतिहास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudheid" title="Oudheid – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oudheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldtid" title="Oldtid – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oldtid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldtiden" title="Oldtiden – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oldtiden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquitate" title="Antiquitate – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Antiquitate" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%9E%DF%98%DF%90%DF%9E%DF%98%DF%90" title="ߞߊ߬ߞߘߐߞߘߐ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߬ߞߘߐߞߘߐ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Antiquitat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edat_antiguo" title="Edat antiguo – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Edat antiguo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antitchit%C3%A8" title="Antitchitè – picardština" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Antitchitè" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staro%C5%BCytno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Starożytność – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Starożytność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Παλαιόν Ιστορίαν – pontština" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Παλαιόν Ιστορίαν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="لرغونی تاریخ – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لرغونی تاریخ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idade_Antiga" title="Idade Antiga – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Idade Antiga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antica" title="Antica – rétorománčina" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Antica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="rétorománčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichitatea" title="Antichitatea – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antichitatea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Древний мир – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древний мир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Старовік – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Старовік" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edade_antiga" title="Edade antiga – sardínčina" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Edade antiga" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auncient_history" title="Auncient history – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Auncient history" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stari_vijek" title="Stari vijek – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stari vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BA" title="පුරාණ ඉතිහාසය – sinhalčina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුරාණ ඉතිහාසය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ancient history" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stari_vek" title="Stari vek – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stari vek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_e_lasht%C3%AB" title="Historia e lashtë – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Historia e lashtë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Стари век – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стари век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="பண்டைய வரலாறு – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டைய வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="สมัยโบราณ – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมัยโบราณ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinaunang_kasaysayan" title="Sinaunang kasaysayan – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sinaunang kasaysayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antik_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Antik Çağ – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antik Çağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Борынгы дөнья – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Борынгы дөнья" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Стародавній світ – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стародавній світ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="قدیم تاریخ – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قدیم تاریخ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadimgi_dunyo_tarixi" title="Qadimgi dunyo tarixi – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qadimgi dunyo tarixi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%9Di_k%E1%BB%B3_c%E1%BB%95_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i" title="Thời kỳ cổ đại – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thời kỳ cổ đại" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikit%C3%A9" title="Antikité – valónčina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Antikité" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaagi_han_kadaan" title="Kaagi han kadaan – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kaagi han kadaan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="古代史 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古代史" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჯვეში მოსოფელი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვეში მოსოფელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אוראלטע היסטאריע – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוראלטע היסטאריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="古代史 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古代史" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98-t%C4%81i_le%CC%8Dk-s%C3%BA" title="Kó͘-tāi le̍k-sú – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kó͘-tāi le̍k-sú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="古代史 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古代史" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41493#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhľad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skryť</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">z Wikipédie, slobodnej encyklopédie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:L%C3%B6wentor_Mykene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/L%C3%B6wentor_Mykene.jpg/220px-L%C3%B6wentor_Mykene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/L%C3%B6wentor_Mykene.jpg/330px-L%C3%B6wentor_Mykene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/L%C3%B6wentor_Mykene.jpg/440px-L%C3%B6wentor_Mykene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Levia brána v <a href="/wiki/Myk%C3%A9ny" title="Mykény">Mykénach</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Starovek</b> je tradičné označenie obdobia svetových dejín, ktoré sa začína vznikom <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADsmo_(jazykoveda)" title="Písmo (jazykoveda)">písomných systémov</a> resp. prvých <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0t%C3%A1t" title="Štát">štátov</a> (oboje okolo 3000 pred Kr. v <a href="/wiki/Mezopot%C3%A1mia" title="Mezopotámia">Mezopotámii</a> a v <a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_Egypt" title="Staroveký Egypt">Egypte</a>) a končí sa rokom <a href="/wiki/476" title="476">476</a> (zánik <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1pador%C3%ADmska_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Západorímska ríša">Západorímskej ríše</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografické_vymedzenie"><span id="Geografick.C3.A9_vymedzenie"></span>Geografické vymedzenie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Geografické vymedzenie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Geografické vymedzenie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pojem však nie je ohraničený len chronologicky (časovo), ale aj geograficky (priestorovo), pretože štáty nevznikali ani zďaleka všade v rovnakom čase. Geograficky sa teda pojem vzťahuje na <a href="/wiki/Stredomorie" class="mw-disambig" title="Stredomorie">Stredomorie</a> a susediace územia, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">Čínu</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiu</a> a <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%ADzky_v%C3%BDchod" title="Blízky východ">Blízky východ</a>. Niektorí historici obmedzujú pojem starovek len na hore uvedené územia okrem Číny a Indie. Kultúra <a href="/wiki/Mayovia" title="Mayovia">Mayov</a> v dnešnom <a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiku</a>, ani iné <a href="/wiki/Amerika" class="mw-disambig" title="Amerika">americké</a> kultúry sa obvykle nepovažujú za súčasť staroveku, hoci by tam časovo zapadli. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Časové_vymedzenie"><span id=".C4.8Casov.C3.A9_vymedzenie"></span>Časové vymedzenie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Časové vymedzenie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Časové vymedzenie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Začiatok_staroveku_(koniec_praveku)"><span id="Za.C4.8Diatok_staroveku_.28koniec_praveku.29"></span>Začiatok staroveku (koniec praveku)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Začiatok staroveku (koniec praveku)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Začiatok staroveku (koniec praveku)"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Treba si uvedomiť, že starovek v užšom zmysle slova sa začal na rôznych miestach v rôznych obdobiach. Kým v Egypte, Mezopotámii a inde vznikali prvé štáty, <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pa" title="Európa">Európa</a> bola ešte v hlbokom <a href="/wiki/Pravek" title="Pravek">praveku</a>. <a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm" title="Staroveký Rím">Staroveký Rím</a> napríklad vznikol až v roku <a href="/wiki/753_pred_Kr." title="753 pred Kr.">753 pred Kr.</a>, zatiaľ čo Egypt okolo roku 3000 pred Kr.. </p><p>Za kultúrny medzník medzi pravekom a starovekom sa pokladá objavenie písma a organizovaných štátnych celkov (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mezopot%C3%A1mia" title="Mezopotámia">Mezopotámia</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koniec_staroveku_(začiatok_stredoveku)"><span id="Koniec_staroveku_.28za.C4.8Diatok_stredoveku.29"></span>Koniec staroveku (začiatok stredoveku)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Koniec staroveku (začiatok stredoveku)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Koniec staroveku (začiatok stredoveku)"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niektorí historici kladú koniec staroveku (začiatok <a href="/wiki/Stredovek" title="Stredovek">stredoveku</a>) do: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3._storo%C4%8Dia" class="mw-redirect" title="3. storočia">3. storočia</a> (kríza <a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm" title="Staroveký Rím">Rímskeho cisárstva</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/313" title="313">313</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mil%C3%A1nsky_edikt" title="Milánsky edikt">Milánsky edikt</a> akceptujúci kresťanstvo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/324" title="324">324</a> (začiatok samovlády <a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADn_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Konštantín Veľký">Konštantína Veľkého</a>, konečné víťazstvo <a href="/wiki/Kres%C5%A5anstvo" title="Kresťanstvo">kresťanstva</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/330" title="330">330</a> (vznik <a href="/wiki/Kon%C5%A1tant%C3%ADnopol" class="mw-redirect" title="Konštantínopol">Konštantínopola</a> na odlíšenie od „pohanského“ Ríma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/476" title="476">476</a> (zánik Západorímskej ríše)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/395" title="395">395</a> (začiatok <a href="/wiki/S%C5%A5ahovanie_n%C3%A1rodov" title="Sťahovanie národov">Sťahovania národov</a>)</li> <li>cca <a href="/wiki/500" title="500">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/526" title="526">526</a> (smrť <a href="/wiki/Ostrog%C3%B3ti" title="Ostrogóti">ostrogótskeho</a> kráľa <a href="/wiki/Teodorich_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD" title="Teodorich Veľký">Teodoricha Veľkého</a> v <a href="/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia_(starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itália (staroveký Rím) (stránka neexistuje)">Itálii</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/529" title="529">529</a>: cisár <a href="/wiki/Justini%C3%A1n_I." title="Justinián I.">Justinián I.</a> dal zatvoriť <a href="/wiki/Plat%C3%B3nska_akad%C3%A9mia" title="Platónska akadémia">Platónsku akadémiu</a> a <a href="/wiki/Benedikt_z_Nursie" title="Benedikt z Nursie">Benedikt z Nursie</a> založil benediktínske opátstvo <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/632" title="632">632</a>: smrť <a href="/wiki/Mohamed" title="Mohamed">Mohameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/800" title="800">800</a>: (<a href="/wiki/Karol_Ve%C4%BEk%C3%BD" title="Karol Veľký">Karol Veľký</a> sa stal <a href="/wiki/Cis%C3%A1r" title="Cisár">cisárom</a>)</li></ul> <p>alebo do iných rokov ležiacich v rozpätí 3. storočia až roku 800. Koniec sa tiež všeobecne kladie do obdobia <a href="/wiki/S%C5%A5ahovanie_n%C3%A1rodov" title="Sťahovanie národov">sťahovania národov</a> (<a href="/wiki/4._storo%C4%8Die" title="4. storočie">4.</a> – <a href="/wiki/6._storo%C4%8Die" title="6. storočie">6. storočie</a>) alebo vpádu <a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">Arabov</a>, t. j. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamu</a>, do Stredomoria (<a href="/wiki/7._storo%C4%8Die" title="7. storočie">7.</a> – <a href="/wiki/8._storo%C4%8Die" title="8. storočie">8. storočie</a>) alebo konca grécko-rímskej antiky (tzv. klasického staroveku). </p><p>Všeobecne sa za koniec staroveku prijíma rok <b><a href="/wiki/476" title="476">476</a></b>. Posledný cisár Západorímskej ríše <a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustus" title="Romulus Augustus">Romulus Augustus</a>, zvaný Augustulus, bol <a href="/wiki/4._septembra" class="mw-redirect" title="4. septembra">4. septembra</a> 476 prinútený <a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1ni" title="Germáni">germánskym</a> vodcom <a href="/wiki/Odoaker" title="Odoaker">Odoakrom</a> vzdať sa cisárskeho trónu a titulu. Kým na východe ďalej existovala Východorímska ríša, v stredoveku nazývaná <a href="/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Byzantská ríša">Byzantská ríša</a>, územie Západorímskej ríše zaujali barbarské kráľovstvá. </p><p>Nech už sa symbolická hranica umiestni kamkoľvek, faktom zostáva, že okolo roku <a href="/wiki/750" title="750">750</a> už existovala mocenská sústava založená na <a href="/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Byzantská ríša">Byzantskej ríši</a>, arabskom <a href="/wiki/Kalif%C3%A1t" title="Kalifát">Kalifáte</a> a <a href="/wiki/Fransk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a" title="Franská ríša">Franskej ríši</a>, ktorá bola charakteristická pre skorý stredovek. </p><p>Z pohľadu štátov strednej, východnej a severnej Európy, a teda aj <a href="/wiki/Slovensko" title="Slovensko">Slovenska</a> (mimo časti priamo začlenenených do Rímskeho impéria), treba poukázať na absenciu staroveku. Z praveku tak domáce obyvateľstvo vstúpilo medzi 8. – <a href="/wiki/12._storo%C4%8Die" title="12. storočie">12. storočím</a> do stredoveku, pretože až vtedy sa splnili podmienky charakterizujúce včasný stredovek. Viaceré (budúce) <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rod" title="Národ">národy</a> (napríklad <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesi" title="Česi">Česi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma%C4%8Fari" title="Maďari">Maďari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poliaci" title="Poliaci">Poliaci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">Rusi</a>) sa usadili, rozpadlo sa im <a href="/wiki/Rodov%C3%A9_zriadenie" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodové zriadenie">rodové zriadenie</a>, začali budovať prvé štáty a prijali <a href="/wiki/Kres%C5%A5anstvo" title="Kresťanstvo">kresťanstvo</a>. Na Slovensku a <a href="/wiki/Morava_(regi%C3%B3n)" title="Morava (región)">Morave</a> bol tento proces ukončený už skôr, koncom 8. storočia (<a href="/wiki/Nitrianske_knie%C5%BEatstvo" title="Nitrianske kniežatstvo">Nitrianske kniežatstvo</a> a <a href="/wiki/Moravsk%C3%A9_knie%C5%BEatstvo" title="Moravské kniežatstvo">Moravské kniežatstvo</a>), i keď v <a href="/wiki/10._storo%C4%8Die" title="10. storočie">10. storočí</a> bol vývoj prerušený mocenským vákuom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antika">Antika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Antika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Antika"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Athens_Acropolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Athens_Acropolis.jpg/220px-Athens_Acropolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Athens_Acropolis.jpg/330px-Athens_Acropolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Athens_Acropolis.jpg/440px-Athens_Acropolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Aténska Akropolis</figcaption></figure> <p>Najmä v západnej Európe sa často používa aj pojem <a href="/wiki/Antika" class="mw-redirect" title="Antika">antika</a> (z lat. antiquus = starý). Výraz antika je <a href="/wiki/Novovek" title="Novovek">novoveký</a>, razili ho vo francúzskom prostredí. Tento pojem pôvodne znamenal grécko-rímske <a href="/wiki/Umenie" title="Umenie">umenie</a>, od začiatku <a href="/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die" title="20. storočie">20. storočia</a> však aj (len) grécko-rímsky starovek ako historickú epochu, ktorá sa začína prisťahovaleckými vlnami v Grécku v <a href="/wiki/2._tis%C3%ADcro%C4%8Die_pred_Kr." title="2. tisícročie pred Kr.">2. tisícročí pred Kr.</a> a končí s koncom rímskeho cisárstva, presnejšie niektorým z už uvedených rokov až po rok <a href="/wiki/476" title="476">476</a>. Je to teda časový úsek staroveku, v ktorom vznikli a rozvinuli sa vo výtvarných umeniach i krásnej literatúre, vo vede i filozofii, v politickej teórii i praxi, zásluhou gréckych a rímskych tvorcov kultúrne hodnoty, ktoré sa stali základom európskej – a jej prostredníctvom do značnej miery aj svetovej – vzdelanosti. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Gaius_Julius_Caesar_(100-44_BC).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaius_Julius_Caesar_%28100-44_BC%29.JPG/170px-Gaius_Julius_Caesar_%28100-44_BC%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaius_Julius_Caesar_%28100-44_BC%29.JPG/255px-Gaius_Julius_Caesar_%28100-44_BC%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gaius_Julius_Caesar_%28100-44_BC%29.JPG/340px-Gaius_Julius_Caesar_%28100-44_BC%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Iulius_Caesar" title="Gaius Iulius Caesar">Iulius Caesar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Priestorovo sa pojem obmedzuje na územia pod vplyvom gréckej kultúry v Stredomorí, neskôr aj na celú Rímsku ríšu. </p><p>Existuje aj pojem neskorá antika (prevzatý z dejín umenia), ktorý sa začína spolu s <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%ADmsky_domin%C3%A1t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rímsky dominát (stránka neexistuje)">rímskym dominátom</a>, čiže roku <a href="/wiki/284" title="284">284</a>, a končí smrťou cisára Justiniána I. roku <a href="/wiki/565" title="565">565</a> alebo občas všeobecne vpádom <a href="/wiki/Arabi" title="Arabi">Arabov</a> v <a href="/wiki/7._storo%C4%8Die" title="7. storočie">7. storočí</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antika_vo_filozofii">Antika vo filozofii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Antika vo filozofii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Antika vo filozofii"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>F. Novotný definoval antiku ako stále prítomnú sústavu, v ktorej sú ustálené a trvajú mnohé zo zložiek života starogréckeho národa. Pojem antiky je podľa neho do značnej miery umelý a už viackrát bol vytvorený, a to zakaždým rovnako; rôzne doby, či dokonca rôzni ľudia, majú antiku rozličnú, antiku svoju. Antikou rozumel Novotný teda nedeliteľnú jednotu gréckej a rímskej kultúry. </p><p>Podľa českého historika <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_T%C5%99e%C5%A1t%C3%ADk" title="Dušan Třeštík">D. Třeštíka</a> – tak ako existuje v našom povedomí – je antika vlastne obrazom zloženým z prvkov vybraných z klasického Grécka (a tu ešte predovšetkým z Atén) a z ich napodobenín z <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADm" title="Rím">Ríme</a> 1. storočia. <i>Antické</i> však nie je totožné nielen so <i>starovekým</i>, ale ani s <i>klasickým</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakteristika">Charakteristika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Charakteristika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Charakteristika"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V princípe možno rozlíšiť dve základné skupiny štátov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Starý_Orient"><span id="Star.C3.BD_Orient"></span>Starý Orient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Starý Orient" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Starý Orient"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sem patria najstaršie kultúrne oblasti: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezopot%C3%A1mia" title="Mezopotámia">Mezopotámia</a> (prvé mestské štáty Sumerov vznikli asi po roku 3500 pred Kr.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (vznik štátov Horného a Dolného Egypta asi roku 3200 pred Kr.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (vznik mestských štátov Protoindov pri Inde asi roku 2400 pred Kr.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">Čína</a> (legendárny počiatok ríše 2200 pred Kr., archeologický počiatok zatiaľ 1766 pred Kr.)</li></ul> <p>Niekedy ich nazývame aj orientálne despocie alebo starootrokárske štáty. </p><p>Ich všeobecné znaky sú: </p> <ul><li>vhodné prírodné podmienky (v teplých oblastiach na veľriekach – <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADl" title="Níl">Níl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganga" title="Ganga">Ganga</a> a pod.)</li> <li>závlahové hospodárstvo: Záplavy prinášali úrodné nánosy pôdy. Budovali sa kanály a závlahové zariadenia, aby bola úroda aj v časoch a oblastiach sucha. Budovali sa protizáplavové priehrady</li> <li>despotická forma vlády (neobmedzená vláda jednotlivca)</li></ul> <ul><li>stáročná nemennosť zriadenia, názorov na svet, prírodu a spoločnosť, nemennosť spôsobu výroby a vrstiev spoločnosti</li> <li>vládnuce vrstvy: <ul><li>panovník (zástupca boha, jeho moc pochádzala od boha)</li> <li>kňazi (podporovali panovníkovu moc)</li> <li>úradníci</li> <li>vojenskí hodnostári</li></ul></li> <li>vykorisťovaní: <ul><li>dedinská <a href="/wiki/Ob%C4%8Dina" class="mw-disambig" title="Občina">občina</a> (čiže roľníci a remeselníci; dedinská občina vystriedala rodovú obec)</li> <li>otroci</li></ul></li> <li>výroba mala poľnohospodársky charakter</li> <li>podľa <a href="/wiki/Marxizmus" title="Marxizmus">marxistov</a> tzv. ázijský spôsob výroby: <ul><li>Otroci nepracovali na súkromných pozemkoch alebo dielňach (ako v antike), ale boli spoločným vlastníctvom vládnucej triedy resp. občiny.</li> <li>Otroci netvorili hlavnú pracovnú silu – tú tvorili slobodní chudobní občania.</li> <li>Značná potreba spoločnej práce</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klasický_starovek"><span id="Klasick.C3.BD_starovek"></span>Klasický starovek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Upraviť sekciu: Klasický starovek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Klasický starovek"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Homere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Homere.jpg/220px-Homere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Homere.jpg/330px-Homere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Homere.jpg/440px-Homere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Homér</figcaption></figure><p>Sem patria najmä: </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A9ta" title="Kréta">Kréta</a> (vznik Egejskej kultúry okolo 3000 pred Kr.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9cko" title="Staroveké Grécko">Staroveké Grécko</a> (vznik Egejskej kultúry okolo 3000 pred Kr., vznik mestských štátov okolo 800 pred Kr.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetiti" title="Chetiti">Chetiti</a> (vznik Chetitskej ríše okolo 1900 pred Kr.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcia" class="mw-disambig" title="Fenícia">Fenícia</a> (obsadenie pobrežia a budovanie miest okolo r. 2000 pred Kr.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm" title="Staroveký Rím">Rím</a> (vznik mestského štátu Rím okolo 753 pred Kr.)</li></ul> <p>Ich všeobecné znaky sú: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/More" title="More">prímorské</a> štáty</li> <li>prevzali kultúrne bohatstvo Starého orientu</li> <li>dynamickosť dejín, vrátane zmien vrstiev spoločnosti</li> <li>rozvoj remesiel a obchodu (nie len poľnohospodárstvo)</li> <li>podľa marxistov tzv. antický spôsob výroby: <ul><li>premena občinovej držby pôdy na individuálne súkromné vlastníctvo</li> <li>počet otrokov stále narastal</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovek&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interProject wikiquote" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sk.wikiquote.org/wiki/Antika" class="extiw" title="q:Antika">Wikicitáty</a></div><div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_history" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ancient history">Commons</a></div><div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/starovek" class="extiw" title="wikt:starovek">Wikislovník</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na Wikicitátoch"><img alt="Spolupracuj na Wikicitátoch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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