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class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus wislizenii">Quercus wislizenii</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><i><b>Quercus wislizeni</b></i>, known by the common name <b>interior live oak</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-trop1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trop1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an evergreen <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, highly variable and often shrubby, found in many areas of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> continuing south into northern <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. It generally occurs in <a href="/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">foothills</a>, being most abundant in the lower elevations of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a>, but also widespread in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Ranges" title="Pacific Coast Ranges">Pacific Coast Ranges</a>—where since 1980 it has been known as a separate species <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_parvula" title="Quercus parvula">Quercus parvula</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJepson_eFlora:_''Quercus_parvula''_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJepson_eFlora:_''Quercus_parvula''-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—and the <a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Mountains" title="San Gabriel Mountains">San Gabriel Mountains</a>. It was named for its collector, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolph_Wislizenus" title="Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus">Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus</a> (1810–1889).<sup id="cite_ref-trop1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trop1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Interior live oak </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_live_oak_twig_with_acorn.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Interior_live_oak_twig_with_acorn.JPG/220px-Interior_live_oak_twig_with_acorn.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Interior_live_oak_twig_with_acorn.JPG/330px-Interior_live_oak_twig_with_acorn.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Interior_live_oak_twig_with_acorn.JPG/440px-Interior_live_oak_twig_with_acorn.JPG 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="664"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Leaves and acorn. The leaf margins are sometimes spiny rather than smooth. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Quercus_wislizeni_trunks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quercus_wislizeni_trunks.jpg/220px-Quercus_wislizeni_trunks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quercus_wislizeni_trunks.jpg/330px-Quercus_wislizeni_trunks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quercus_wislizeni_trunks.jpg/440px-Quercus_wislizeni_trunks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2879" data-file-height="2040"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Typical growth habit </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137"></span></span><br><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_11_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_11_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Quercus_sect._Lobatae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak"><i>Quercus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subgenus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quercus_subg._Quercus" title="Quercus subg. Quercus"><i>Quercus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Quercus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Section: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quercus_sect._Lobatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus sect. Lobatae"><i>Quercus <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Lobatae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Q. wislizeni</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Quercus wislizeni</i></span></b><br><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Pyramus_de_Candolle" title="Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle">A.DC.</a> <sup id="cite_ref-ipni1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipni1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></ref><sup id="cite_ref-trop1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trop1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Quercus_wislizeni_range_map_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Quercus_wislizeni_range_map_1.png/220px-Quercus_wislizeni_range_map_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Quercus_wislizeni_range_map_1.png/330px-Quercus_wislizeni_range_map_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Quercus_wislizeni_range_map_1.png/440px-Quercus_wislizeni_range_map_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2020" data-file-height="2020"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Combined ranges of <i>Quercus wislizeni</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_parvula" title="Quercus parvula">Quercus parvula</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-trop1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trop1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Quercus wislizenii</i> A.DC.</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Nomenclature"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Nomenclature</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Ecology"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ecology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Uses"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Uses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_wislizeni&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg/220px-Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="2540"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 289px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg/220px-Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="289" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg/330px-Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg/440px-Quercus_wislizeni_kz4.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>spiny-toothed leaves</figcaption></figure> <p>It is a large <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> growing to 22 metres (72 feet) tall, although where it is common in the low-elevation <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a> foothills it seldom exceeds 10 m (33 ft). The dark-green <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a>—appearing grayish from a distance—are usually small, 2–5 centimetres (1–2 inches) long, thick, and often spiny-toothed at higher elevations, particularly on young trees. The male <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are on <a href="/wiki/Catkin" title="Catkin">catkins</a>, the female flowers in leaf axils. The <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorns</a> are <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1–2 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–1 in) long, and mature the second season (about 18 months) after flowering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_wislizeni&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nomenclature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape,_Birch_Lane,_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park,_Glendale,_CA_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape%2C_Birch_Lane%2C_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park%2C_Glendale%2C_CA_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape%2C_Birch_Lane%2C_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park%2C_Glendale%2C_CA_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape%2C_Birch_Lane%2C_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park%2C_Glendale%2C_CA_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape%2C_Birch_Lane%2C_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park%2C_Glendale%2C_CA_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape%2C_Birch_Lane%2C_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park%2C_Glendale%2C_CA_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape%2C_Birch_Lane%2C_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park%2C_Glendale%2C_CA_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape%2C_Birch_Lane%2C_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park%2C_Glendale%2C_CA_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-2013_-_Native_Live_Oak_Kept_in_Landscape%2C_Birch_Lane%2C_Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park%2C_Glendale%2C_CA_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Q. wislizeni in Glendale, California</figcaption></figure> <p>Although originally published by Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle as "wislizeni",<sup id="cite_ref-de_Candolle_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_Candolle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some sources, e.g., Jensen in Flora of North America,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mistakenly spelled the <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">specific epithet</a> "wislizenii." Correct spelling is with one "i," per ICN article 60C.2.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wislizenus' specimen was thought by de Candolle to have been collected in <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, Mexico. However, German-born American botanist <a href="/wiki/Georg_Engelmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg Engelmann">Georg Engelmann</a> later corrected the location to the American fork of the Sacramento River near <a href="/wiki/Auburn,_California" title="Auburn, California">Auburn, California</a>. </p><p>California physician and botanist (and one of the founding fathers of the California Academy of Sciences) <a href="/wiki/Albert_Kellogg" title="Albert Kellogg">Albert Kellogg</a> described an oak in an 1855 publication as <i>Quercus arcoglandis</i> (spur acorn oak),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> apparently the same species as <i>Q. wislizeni</i>. This clearly predates French-Swiss botanist de Candolle's 1864 name, and if confirmed to be this same taxon would have priority. More investigation is needed to resolve this taxonomic conflict. </p><p>Currently there are two recognized varieties of interior live oak:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJepson_eFlora:_''Quercus_wislizeni''_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJepson_eFlora:_''Quercus_wislizeni''-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Q. wislizeni</i> A. DC. var. <i>wislizeni</i> (1864)</li> <li><i>Q. wislizeni</i> A. DC. var. <i>frutescens</i> Engelm (1878).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is an invalid taxon. Engelmann's <i>Q. wislizeni</i> var. <i>frutescens</i> description is virtually identical to de Candolle's <i>Q. wislizeni,</i> while Engelmann's <i>Q. wislizeni</i> description most closely matches Kellogg's <i>Q. morehus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Keuter_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keuter-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_wislizeni&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The interior live oak is a <a href="/wiki/Red_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Red oak">red oak</a> (section <i>Lobatae</i>) in the California Floristic Province (series <i>Agrifoliae</i>). <i>Q. wislizeni</i> hybridizes with <a href="/wiki/California_black_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="California black oak">California black oak</a> <i>(Q. kelloggii)</i> (= <a href="/wiki/Quercus_%C3%97_morehus" title="Quercus × morehus"><i>Quercus</i> × <i>morehus</i></a>, Abram's oak). All California red oaks show evidence of <a href="/wiki/Introgression" title="Introgression">introgression</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybridization</a> with one another. </p><p>A common alliant tree is <a href="/wiki/Gray_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray pine">gray pine</a> (<i>Pinus sabiniana</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Keuter_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keuter-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deer browse the tree's foliage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_wislizeni&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Humans use the wood as a fuel source.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_wislizeni&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_11_November_2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_11_November_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJerome,_D.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Jerome, D. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/89254808/89254811">"<i>Quercus wislizeni</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2017</b>: e.T89254808A89254811. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T89254808A89254811.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T89254808A89254811.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Quercus+wislizeni&rft.volume=2017&rft.pages=e.T89254808A89254811&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T89254808A89254811.en&rft.au=Jerome%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F89254808%2F89254811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de_Candolle-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-de_Candolle_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-de_Candolle_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Candolle1864" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Candolle, Alphonse Pyramus (1864). <i>Q. wislizeni</i> (in Latin). Vol. 16. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/155275">67</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q.+wislizeni&rft.pages=67&rft.date=1864&rft.aulast=de+Candolle&rft.aufirst=Alphonse+Pyramus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|periodical=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipni1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ipni1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=296923-1">"<i>Quercus wislizeni</i> A.DC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IPNI&rft.atitle=Quercus+wislizeni+A.DC.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipni.org%3A80%2Fipni%2FidPlantNameSearch.do%3Fid%3D296923-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span> "Description of <i>Q. wislizeni</i> was published in <i>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis ...</i> (DC.) 16(2.1): 67 (1864)."<sup id="cite_ref-de_Candolle_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de_Candolle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trop1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trop1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trop1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trop1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trop1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tropicos.org/Name/13100161?projectid=0">"<i>Quercus wislizeni</i> A.DC."</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">Missouri Botanical Garden</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quercus+wislizeni+A.DC.&rft.btitle=Tropicos&rft.pub=Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tropicos.org%2FName%2F13100161%3Fprojectid%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=7010">"Quercus wislizeni"</a>. <i>Calflora</i>. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quercus+wislizeni&rft.btitle=Calflora&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=The+Calflora+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.calflora.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fspecies_query.cgi%3Fwhere-calrecnum%3D7010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNixon1980" class="citation thesis cs1">Nixon, Kevin (1980). <i>A Systematic Study of </i>Quercus parvula<i> Greene on Santa Cruz Island and Mainland California</i> (Master's Thesis).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+Systematic+Study+of+Quercus+parvula+Greene+on+Santa+Cruz+Island+and+Mainland+California&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJepson_eFlora:_''Quercus_parvula''-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJepson_eFlora:_''Quercus_parvula''_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJepson_eFlora:_Quercus_parvula">Jepson eFlora: <i>Quercus parvula</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlora_of_North_America_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlora_of_North_America">Flora of North America</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. McMeill et al. (eds). 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Koeltz Scientific Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-87429-425-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-87429-425-6">978-3-87429-425-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1(1):25 (1855)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJepson_eFlora:_''Quercus_wislizeni''-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJepson_eFlora:_''Quercus_wislizeni''_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJepson_eFlora:_Quercus_wislizeni">Jepson eFlora: <i>Quercus wislizeni</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engelm., Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3:396 (1878).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keuter-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keuter_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keuter_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan_A._HauserAl_KeuterJohn_D._McVayAndrew_L._Hipp2017" class="citation journal cs1">Duncan A. Hauser; Al Keuter; John D. McVay; Andrew L. Hipp; Paul S. Manos (October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.1700291">"The evolution and diversification of the red oaks of the California Floristic Province (Quercus section Lobatae, series Agrifoliae)"</a>. <i>Am. J. Bot</i>. <b>104</b> (10): 1581–1595. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.1700291">10.3732/ajb.1700291</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29885216">29885216</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Bot.&rft.atitle=The+evolution+and+diversification+of+the+red+oaks+of+the+California+Floristic+Province+%28Quercus+section+Lobatae%2C+series+Agrifoliae%29&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1581-1595&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3732%2Fajb.1700291&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29885216&rft.au=Duncan+A.+Hauser&rft.au=Al+Keuter&rft.au=John+D.+McVay&rft.au=Andrew+L.+Hipp&rft.au=Paul+S.+Manos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3732%252Fajb.1700291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitney1985" class="citation book cs1">Whitney, Stephen (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westernforests00whit/page/382"><i>Western Forests</i></a>. The Audubon Society Nature Guides. New York: Knopf. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westernforests00whit/page/382">382</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-73127-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-73127-1"><bdi>0-394-73127-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Forests&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+Audubon+Society+Nature+Guides&rft.pages=382&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-394-73127-1&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwesternforests00whit%2Fpage%2F382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_wislizeni&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlora_of_North_America" class="citation cs1">Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501098">"<i>Quercus wislizeni</i>"</a>. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1"><i>Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)</i></a>. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">Missouri Botanical Garden</a>, St. Louis, MO & <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Herbaria" title="Harvard University Herbaria">Harvard University Herbaria</a>, Cambridge, MA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EQuercus+wislizeni%3C%2Fi%3E&rft.btitle=Flora+of+North+America+North+of+Mexico+%28FNA%29&rft.place=New+York+and+Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Kevin+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efloras.org%2Fflorataxon.aspx%3Fflora_id%3D1%26taxon_id%3D233501098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJepson_eFlora:_Quercus_parvula" class="citation cs1">Rosatti, Thomas J.; Tucker, John M. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=40706">"<i>Quercus parvula</i>"</a>. In Jepson Flora Project (ed.). <i>Jepson eFlora</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_and_Jepson_Herbaria#Jepson_Herbarium" title="University and Jepson Herbaria">The Jepson Herbarium</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EQuercus+parvula%3C%2Fi%3E&rft.btitle=Jepson+eFlora&rft.pub=The+Jepson+Herbarium%2C+University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Rosatti&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+John+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fucjeps.berkeley.edu%2Feflora%2Feflora_display.php%3Ftid%3D40706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJepson_eFlora:_Quercus_wislizeni" class="citation cs1">Rosatti, Thomas J.; Tucker, John M. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=40780">"<i>Quercus wislizeni</i>"</a>. In Jepson Flora Project (ed.). <i>Jepson eFlora</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_and_Jepson_Herbaria#Jepson_Herbarium" title="University and Jepson Herbaria">The Jepson Herbarium</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%3Ci%3EQuercus+wislizeni%3C%2Fi%3E&rft.btitle=Jepson+eFlora&rft.pub=The+Jepson+Herbarium%2C+University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Rosatti&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft.au=Tucker%2C+John+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fucjeps.berkeley.edu%2Feflora%2Feflora_display.php%3Ftid%3D40780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+wislizeni" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_wislizeni&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quercus_wislizeni" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quercus wislizeni">Quercus wislizeni</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212182135/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82383&lang=us">C. Michael Hogan (2008) <i>California Buckeye: Aesculus californica</i>, GlobalTwitcher.com, N. 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<h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_wislizeni" title="Quercus wislizeni – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Quercus wislizeni" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 December 2023, at 13:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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