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is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.11127">arXiv:2409.11127</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.11127">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2409.11127">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Convergent-beam attosecond X-ray crystallography </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+C">Chufeng Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Butola%2C+M">Mansi Butola</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dresselhaus%2C+J+L">J. Lukas Dresselhaus</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Egorov%2C+D">Dmitry Egorov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fleckenstein%2C+H">Holger Fleckenstein</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ivanov%2C+N">Nikolay Ivanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kiene%2C+A">Antonia Kiene</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Klopprogge%2C+B">Bjarne Klopprogge</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kremling%2C+V">Viviane Kremling</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Middendorf%2C+P">Philipp Middendorf</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Oberthuer%2C+D">Dominik Oberthuer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Prasciolu%2C+M">Mauro Prasciolu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Scheer%2C+T+E+S">T. Emilie S. Scheer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sprenger%2C+J">Janina Sprenger</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wong%2C+J+C">Jia Chyi Wong</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yefanov%2C+O">Oleksandr Yefanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zakharova%2C+M">Margarita Zakharova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zhang%2C+W">Wenhui Zhang</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.11127v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Sub-angstrom spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast perturbation. Meeting this challenge, pushing the field of quantum crystallography to attosecond timescales, would bring insights into how the electronic and nuclear… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.11127v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2409.11127v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2409.11127v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Sub-angstrom spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast perturbation. Meeting this challenge, pushing the field of quantum crystallography to attosecond timescales, would bring insights into how the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom couple, enable the study of quantum coherences involved in molecular dynamics, and ultimately enable these dynamics to be controlled. Here we propose to reach this realm by employing convergent-beam X-ray crystallography with high-power attosecond pulses from a hard-X-ray free-electron laser. We show that with dispersive optics, such as multilayer Laue lenses of high numerical aperture, it becomes possible to encode time into the resulting diffraction pattern with deep sub-femtosecond precision. Each snapshot diffraction pattern consists of Bragg streaks that can be mapped back to arrival times and positions of X-rays on the face of a crystal. This can span tens of femtoseconds, and can be finely sampled as we demonstrate experimentally. The approach brings several other advantages, such as an increase of the number of observable reflections in a snapshot diffraction pattern, all fully integrated, to improve the speed and accuracy of serial crystallography -- especially for crystals of small molecules. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2409.11127v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2409.11127v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 17 September, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> September 2024. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">18 pages, 7 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.02654">arXiv:2312.02654</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.02654">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2312.02654">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Materials Science">cond-mat.mtrl-sci</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> THz-Driven Coherent Magnetization Dynamics in a Labyrinth Domain State </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Riepp%2C+M">M Riepp</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Philippi-Kobs%2C+A">A Philippi-Kobs</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mueller%2C+L">L Mueller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Froemter%2C+R">R Froemter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roseker%2C+W">W Roseker</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rysov%2C+R">R Rysov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Walther%2C+M">M Walther</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bagschik%2C+K">K Bagschik</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hennes%2C+M">M Hennes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gupta%2C+D">D Gupta</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marotzke%2C+S">S Marotzke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">S Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pan%2C+R">R Pan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Golz%2C+T">T Golz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stojanovic%2C+N">N Stojanovic</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boeglin%2C+C">C Boeglin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gruebel%2C+G">G Gruebel</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.02654v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Terahertz (THz) light pulses can be used for an ultrafast coherent manipulation of the magnetization. Driving the magnetization at THz frequencies is currently the fastest way of writing magnetic information in ferromagnets. Using time-resolved resonant magnetic scattering, we gain new insights to the THz-driven coherent magnetization dynamics on nanometer length scales. We observe ultrafast demag… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.02654v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2312.02654v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.02654v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Terahertz (THz) light pulses can be used for an ultrafast coherent manipulation of the magnetization. Driving the magnetization at THz frequencies is currently the fastest way of writing magnetic information in ferromagnets. Using time-resolved resonant magnetic scattering, we gain new insights to the THz-driven coherent magnetization dynamics on nanometer length scales. We observe ultrafast demagnetization and coherent magnetization oscillations that are governed by a time-dependent damping. This damping is determined by the interplay of lattice heating and magnetic anisotropy reduction revealing an upper speed limit for THz-induced magnetization switching. We show that in the presence of nanometer-sized magnetic domains, the ultrafast magnetization oscillations are associated with a correlated beating of the domain walls. The overall domain structure thereby remains largely unaffected which highlights the applicability of THz-induced switching on the nanoscale. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.02654v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2312.02654v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 December, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2023. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">10 pages, 8 figures and 54 references</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.14378">arXiv:2203.14378</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.14378">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0092269">10.1063/5.0092269 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Precise wavefront characterization of X-ray optical elements using a laboratory source </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dresselhaus%2C+J+L">J. L. Dresselhaus</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fleckenstein%2C+H">H. Fleckenstein</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Domaracky%2C+M">M. Domaracky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Prasciolu%2C+M">M. Prasciolu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ivanov%2C+N">N. Ivanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Carnis%2C+J">J. Carnis</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Murray%2C+K+T">K. T. Murray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A+J">A. J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">S. Bajt</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.14378v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Improvements in X-ray optics critically depend on the measurement of their optical performance. The knowledge of wavefront aberrations, for example, can be used to improve the fabrication of optical elements or to design phase correctors to compensate for these errors. Nowadays, the characterization of such optics is made using intense X-ray sources such as synchrotrons. However, the limited acces… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.14378v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2203.14378v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.14378v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Improvements in X-ray optics critically depend on the measurement of their optical performance. The knowledge of wavefront aberrations, for example, can be used to improve the fabrication of optical elements or to design phase correctors to compensate for these errors. Nowadays, the characterization of such optics is made using intense X-ray sources such as synchrotrons. However, the limited access to these facilities can substantially slow down the development process. Improvements in the brightness of lab-based X-ray micro-sources in combination with the development of new metrology methods, and in particular ptychographic X-ray speckle tracking, enable characterization of X-ray optics in the lab with a precision and sensitivity not possible before. Here, we present a laboratory set-up that utilizes a commercially available X-ray source and can be used to characterize different types of X-ray optics. The set-up is used in our laboratory on a routine basis to characterize multilayer Laue lenses of high numerical aperture and other optical elements. This typically includes measurements of the wavefront distortions, optimum operating photon energy and focal length of the lens. To check the sensitivity and accuracy of this laboratory set-up we compared the results to those obtained at the synchrotron and saw no significant difference. To illustrate the feedback of measurements on performance, we demonstrated the correction of the phase errors of a particular multilayer Laue lens using a 3D printed compound refractive phase plate. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.14378v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2203.14378v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 March, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2022. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.11712">arXiv:2203.11712</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.11712">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Accelerator Physics">physics.acc-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> On the use of multilayer Laue lenses with X-ray Free Electron Lasers </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Prasciolu%2C+M">Mauro Prasciolu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Murray%2C+K+T">Kevin T. Murray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ivanov%2C+N">Nikolay Ivanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fleckenstein%2C+H">Holger Fleckenstein</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Domarack%C3%BD%2C+M">Martin Domarack媒</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gelisio%2C+L">Luca Gelisio</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Trost%2C+F">Fabian Trost</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ayyer%2C+K">Kartik Ayyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Krebs%2C+D">Dietrich Krebs</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aplin%2C+S">Steve Aplin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Awel%2C+S">Salah Awel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boesenberg%2C+U">Ulrike Boesenberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Estillore%2C+A+D">Armando D. Estillore</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fuchs%2C+M">Matthias Fuchs</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gevorkov%2C+Y">Yaroslav Gevorkov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hallmann%2C+J">Joerg Hallmann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kim%2C+C">Chan Kim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kno%C5%A1ka%2C+J">Juraj Kno拧ka</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=K%C3%BCpper%2C+J">Jochen K眉pper</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Li%2C+C">Chufeng Li</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lu%2C+W">Wei Lu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mariani%2C+V">Valerio Mariani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A+J">Andrew J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=M%C3%B6ller%2C+J">Johannes M枚ller</a> , et al. (12 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.11712v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Multilayer Laue lenses were used for the first time to focus x-rays from an X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). In an experiment, which was performed at the European XFEL, we demonstrated focusing to a spot size of a few tens of nanometers. A series of runs in which the number of pulses per train was increased from 1 to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 20 and 30 pulses per train, all with a pulse separation of… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.11712v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2203.11712v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2203.11712v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Multilayer Laue lenses were used for the first time to focus x-rays from an X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). In an experiment, which was performed at the European XFEL, we demonstrated focusing to a spot size of a few tens of nanometers. A series of runs in which the number of pulses per train was increased from 1 to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 20 and 30 pulses per train, all with a pulse separation of 3.55 us, was done using the same set of lenses. The increase in the number of pulses per train was accompanied with an increase of x-ray intensity (transmission) from 9% to 92% at 5 pulses per train, and then the transmission was reduced to 23.5 % when the pulses were increased further. The final working condition was 30 pulses per train and 23.5% transmission. Only at this condition we saw that the diffraction efficiency of the MLLs changed over the course of a pulse train, and this variation was reproducible from train to train. We present the procedure to align and characterize these lenses and discuss challenges working with the pulse trains from this unique x-ray source. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2203.11712v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2203.11712v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 March, 2022; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2022. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.11237">arXiv:2012.11237</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.11237">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2012.11237">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Instrumentation and Detectors">physics.ins-det</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> New aerodynamic lens injector for single particle diffractive imaging </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roth%2C+N">Nils Roth</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horke%2C+D+A">Daniel A. Horke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=L%C3%BCbke%2C+J">Jannik L眉bke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Samanta%2C+A+K">Amit K. Samanta</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Estillore%2C+A+D">Armando D. Estillore</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Worbs%2C+L">Lena Worbs</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Pohlman%2C+N">Nicolai Pohlman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ayyer%2C+K">Kartik Ayyer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A">Andrew Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fleckenstein%2C+H">Holger Fleckenstein</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Domaracky%2C+M">Martin Domaracky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Erk%2C+B">Benjamin Erk</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Passow%2C+C">Christopher Passow</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Correa%2C+J">Jonathan Correa</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yefanov%2C+O">Oleksandr Yefanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kirian%2C+R+A">Richard A. Kirian</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=K%C3%BCpper%2C+J">Jochen K眉pper</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2012.11237v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> An aerodynamic lens injector was developed specifically for the needs of single-particle diffractive imaging experiments at free-electron lasers. Its design allows for quick changes of injector geometries and focusing properties in order to optimize injection for specific individual samples. Here, we present results of its first use at the FLASH free-electron-laser facility. Recorded diffraction p… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2012.11237v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2012.11237v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2012.11237v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> An aerodynamic lens injector was developed specifically for the needs of single-particle diffractive imaging experiments at free-electron lasers. Its design allows for quick changes of injector geometries and focusing properties in order to optimize injection for specific individual samples. Here, we present results of its first use at the FLASH free-electron-laser facility. Recorded diffraction patterns of polystyrene spheres are modeled using Mie scattering, which allowed for the characterization of the particle beam under diffractive-imaging conditions and yield good agreement with particle-trajectory simulations. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2012.11237v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2012.11237v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 21 December, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2020. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.00297">arXiv:2006.00297</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.00297">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2006.00297">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/abb9c2">10.1088/2040-8986/abb9c2 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> A ray-trace analysis of X-ray multilayer Laue lenses for nanometer focusing </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2006.00297v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Thick diffractive optical elements offer a promising way to achieve focusing or imaging at a resolution approaching 1 nm for X-ray wavelengths shorter than about 0.1 nm. Efficient focusing requires that these are fabricated with structures that vary in period and orientation so that rays obey Bragg's law over the entire lens aperture and give rise to constructive interference at the focus. Here th… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2006.00297v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2006.00297v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2006.00297v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Thick diffractive optical elements offer a promising way to achieve focusing or imaging at a resolution approaching 1 nm for X-ray wavelengths shorter than about 0.1 nm. Efficient focusing requires that these are fabricated with structures that vary in period and orientation so that rays obey Bragg's law over the entire lens aperture and give rise to constructive interference at the focus. Here the analysis method of ray-tracing of thick diffractive optical elements is applied to such lenses to optimise their designs and to investigate their operating and manufacturing tolerances. Expressions are provided of the fourth-order series expansions of the wavefront aberrations and transmissions of both axi-symmetric lenses and pairs of crossed lenses that each focuses in only one dimension like a cylindrical lens. We find that aplanatic zone-plate designs, whereby aberrations are corrected over a large field of view, can be achieved by axi-symmetric lenses but not the crossed lenses. We investigate the performance of 1 nm-resolution lenses with focal lengths of about 1 mm and show their fields of view are mainly limited by the acceptance angle of Bragg diffraction, and that aberrations can limit the performance of lenses with longer focal lengths. We apply the ray-tracing formalism for a tolerancing analysis of imperfect lenses and examine some strategies for the correction of their aberrations. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2006.00297v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2006.00297v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 30 May, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> June 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">44 pages, 15 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12726">arXiv:2003.12726</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.12726">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2003.12726">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Image and Video Processing">eess.IV</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> speckle-tracking: a Software Suite for Ptychographic X-ray Speckle Tracking </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A+J">Andrew J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Murray%2C+K+T">Kevin T. Murray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Quiney%2C+H+M">Harry M. Quiney</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2003.12726v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> In recent years, x-ray speckle tracking techniques have emerged as viable tools for wavefront metrology and sample imaging applications. These methods are based on the measurement of near-field images. Thanks to the simple experimental set-up, high angular sensitivity and compatibility with low coherence sources these methods have been actively developed for use with synchrotron and laboratory lig… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2003.12726v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2003.12726v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2003.12726v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> In recent years, x-ray speckle tracking techniques have emerged as viable tools for wavefront metrology and sample imaging applications. These methods are based on the measurement of near-field images. Thanks to the simple experimental set-up, high angular sensitivity and compatibility with low coherence sources these methods have been actively developed for use with synchrotron and laboratory light sources. Not only do speckle-tracking techniques give the potential for high resolution imaging, but they also provide rapid and robust characterisation of aberrations of x-ray optical elements, focal spot profiles and the sample position and transmission properties. In order to realise these capabilities, we require software implementations that are equally rapid and robust. To address this need, a software suite has been developed for the "ptychographic x-ray speckle tracking technique" -- an x-ray speckle based method suitable for highly divergent wavefields. The software suite is written in Python 3, with an OpenCL back end for GPU and multi-CPU core processing. It is accessible as a Python module, through the command line or through a graphical user interface and is available as source code under version 3 or later of the GNU General Public License. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2003.12726v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2003.12726v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 March, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2020. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12716">arXiv:2003.12716</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.12716">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2003.12716">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Image and Video Processing">eess.IV</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Ptychographic X-ray Speckle Tracking with Multi Layer Laue Lens Systems </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A+J">Andrew James Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Murray%2C+K+T">Kevin T. Murray</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Prasciolu%2C+M">Mauro Prasciolu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fleckenstein%2C+H">Holger Fleckenstein</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yefanov%2C+O">Oleksandr Yefanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Villanueva-Perez%2C+P">Pablo Villanueva-Perez</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mariani%2C+V">Valerio Mariani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Domaracky%2C+M">Martin Domaracky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kuhn%2C+M">Manuela Kuhn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aplin%2C+S">Steve Aplin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mohacsi%2C+I">Istwan Mohacsi</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Messerschmidt%2C+M">Marc Messerschmidt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stachnik%2C+K">Karolina Stachnik</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Du%2C+Y">Yang Du</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burkhart%2C+A">Anja Burkhart</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Meents%2C+A">Alke Meents</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Nazaretski%2C+E">Evgeny Nazaretski</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yan%2C+H">Hanfei Yan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Huang%2C+X">Xiaojing Huang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chu%2C+Y">Yong Chu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2003.12716v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The ever-increasing brightness of synchrotron radiation sources demands improved x-ray optics to utilise their capability for imaging and probing biological cells, nano-devices, and functional matter on the nanometre scale with chemical sensitivity. Hard x-rays are ideal for high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic applications due to their short wavelength, high penetrating power, and chemical s… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2003.12716v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2003.12716v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2003.12716v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The ever-increasing brightness of synchrotron radiation sources demands improved x-ray optics to utilise their capability for imaging and probing biological cells, nano-devices, and functional matter on the nanometre scale with chemical sensitivity. Hard x-rays are ideal for high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic applications due to their short wavelength, high penetrating power, and chemical sensitivity. The penetrating power that makes x-rays useful for imaging also makes focusing them technologically challenging. Recent developments in layer deposition techniques that have enabled the fabrication of a series of highly focusing x-ray lenses, known as wedged multi layer Laue lenses. Improvements to the lens design and fabrication technique demands an accurate, robust, in-situ and at-wavelength characterisation method. To this end, we have developed a modified form of the speckle-tracking wavefront metrology method, the ptychographic x-ray speckle tracking method, which is capable of operating with highly divergent wavefields. A useful by-product of this method, is that it also provides high-resolution and aberration-free projection images of extended specimens. We report on three separate experiments using this method, where we have resolved ray path angles to within 4 nano-radians with an imaging resolution of 45nm (full-period). This method does not require a high degree of coherence, making it suitable for lab based x-ray sources. Likewise it is robust to errors in the registered sample positions making it suitable for x-ray free-electron laser facilities, where beam pointing fluctuations can be problematic for wavefront metrology. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2003.12716v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2003.12716v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 March, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2020. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12686">arXiv:2003.12686</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.12686">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2003.12686">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Image and Video Processing">eess.IV</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Ptychographic X-ray Speckle Tracking </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A+J">Andrew J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Quiney%2C+H+M">Harry M. Quiney</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2003.12686v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We present a method for the measurement of the phase gradient of a wavefront by tracking the relative motion of speckles in projection holograms as a sample is scanned across the wavefront. By removing the need to obtain an un-distorted reference image of the sample, this method is suitable for the metrology of highly divergent wavefields. Such wavefields allow for large magnification factors, tha… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2003.12686v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2003.12686v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2003.12686v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We present a method for the measurement of the phase gradient of a wavefront by tracking the relative motion of speckles in projection holograms as a sample is scanned across the wavefront. By removing the need to obtain an un-distorted reference image of the sample, this method is suitable for the metrology of highly divergent wavefields. Such wavefields allow for large magnification factors, that, according to current imaging capabilities, will allow for nano-radian angular sensitivity and nano-scale sample projection imaging. Both the reconstruction algorithm and the imaging geometry are nearly identical to that of ptychography, except that the sample is placed downstream of the beam focus and that no coherent propagation is explicitly accounted for. Like other x-ray speckle tracking methods, it is robust to low-coherence x-ray sources making is suitable for lab based x-ray sources. Likewise it is robust to errors in the registered sample positions making it suitable for x-ray free-electron laser facilities, where beam pointing fluctuations can be problematic for wavefront metrology. We also present a modified form of the speckle tracking approximation, based on a second-order local expansion of the Fresnel integral. This result extends the validity of the speckle tracking approximation and may be useful for similar approaches in the field. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2003.12686v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2003.12686v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 March, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2020. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.06639">arXiv:2001.06639</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.06639">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2001.06639">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Plasma Physics">physics.plasm-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computational Physics">physics.comp-ph</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability">physics.data-an</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.225002">10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.225002 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Time-resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm-Dense Aluminium </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vinko%2C+S+M">S. M. Vinko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Vozda%2C+V">V. Vozda</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Andreasson%2C+J">J. Andreasson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">S. Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bielecki%2C+J">J. Bielecki</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burian%2C+T">T. Burian</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chalupsky%2C+J">J. Chalupsky</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ciricosta%2C+O">O. Ciricosta</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Desjarlais%2C+M+P">M. P. Desjarlais</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Fleckenstein%2C+H">H. Fleckenstein</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hajdu%2C+J">J. Hajdu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hajkova%2C+V">V. Hajkova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hollebon%2C+P">P. Hollebon</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Juha%2C+L">L. Juha</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kasim%2C+M+F">M. F. Kasim</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=McBride%2C+E+E">E. E. McBride</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Muehlig%2C+K">K. Muehlig</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Preston%2C+T+R">T. R. Preston</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rackstraw%2C+D+S">D. S. Rackstraw</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roling%2C+S">S. Roling</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Toleikis%2C+S">S. Toleikis</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wark%2C+J+S">J. S. Wark</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Zacharias%2C+H">H. Zacharias</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2001.06639v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-d… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2001.06639v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2001.06639v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2001.06639v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-density Al heated by an XUV free-electron laser. We use a novel functional optimization approach to extract the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient directly from an oversampled pool of single-shot measurements, and find a pronounced enhancement of the opacity as the plasma is heated to temperatures of order the Fermi energy. Plasma heating and opacity-enhancement is observed on ultrafast time scales, within the duration of the femtosecond XUV pulse. We attribute further rises in the opacity on ps timescales to melt and the formation of warm-dense matter. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2001.06639v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2001.06639v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 18 January, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 225002 (2020) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10841">arXiv:1908.10841</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.10841">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1908.10841">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Fluid Dynamics">physics.flu-dyn</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The natural breakup length of a steady capillary jet </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ganan-Calvo%2C+A+M">Alfonso M. Ganan-Calvo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Heymann%2C+M">Michael Heymann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wiedorn%2C+M+O">Max O. Wiedorn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Knoska%2C+J">Juraj Knoska</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Du%2C+Y">Yang Du</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ganan-Riesco%2C+B">Braulio Ganan-Riesco</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Herrada%2C+M+A">Miguel A. Herrada</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lopez-Herrera%2C+J+M">Jose M. Lopez-Herrera</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cruz-Mazo%2C+F">Francisco Cruz-Mazo</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sasa Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Montanero%2C+J+M">Jose M. Montanero</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1908.10841v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Despite their fundamental and applied importance, a general model to predict the natural breakup length of steady capillary jets has not been proposed yet. In this work, we derive a scaling law with two universal constants to calculate that length as a function of the liquid properties and operating conditions. These constants are determined by fitting the scaling law to a large set of experimenta… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1908.10841v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1908.10841v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1908.10841v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Despite their fundamental and applied importance, a general model to predict the natural breakup length of steady capillary jets has not been proposed yet. In this work, we derive a scaling law with two universal constants to calculate that length as a function of the liquid properties and operating conditions. These constants are determined by fitting the scaling law to a large set of experimental and numerical measurements, including previously published data. Both the experimental and numerical jet lengths conform remarkably well to the proposed scaling law. This law is explained in terms of the growth of perturbations excited by the jet breakup itself. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1908.10841v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1908.10841v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 1 December, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 28 August, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> August 2019. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">6 pages, 7 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.01723">arXiv:1805.01723</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.01723">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Extreme timescale core-level spectroscopy with tailored XUV pulses </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Singla%2C+R">R. Singla</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Haynes%2C+D+C">D. C. Haynes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hanff%2C+K">K. Hanff</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Grguras%2C+I">I. Grguras</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schulz%2C+S">S. Schulz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liu%2C+H+Y">H. Y. Liu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Simoncig%2C+A">A. Simoncig</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tellkamp%2C+F">F. Tellkamp</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">S. Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rossnagel%2C+K">K. Rossnagel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cavalieri%2C+A+L">A. L. Cavalieri</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1805.01723v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> A new approach for few-femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in condensed matter that balances the combined needs for both temporal and energy resolution is demonstrated. Here, the method is designed to investigate a prototypical Mott insulator, tantalum disulphide (1T-TaS2), which transforms from its charge-density-wave ordered Mott insulating state to a conducting state in a matte… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1805.01723v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1805.01723v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1805.01723v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> A new approach for few-femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in condensed matter that balances the combined needs for both temporal and energy resolution is demonstrated. Here, the method is designed to investigate a prototypical Mott insulator, tantalum disulphide (1T-TaS2), which transforms from its charge-density-wave ordered Mott insulating state to a conducting state in a matter of femtoseconds. The signature to be observed through the phase transition is a charge-density-wave induced splitting of the Ta 4f core-levels, which can be resolved with sub-eV spectral resolution. Combining this spectral resolution with few-femtosecond time resolution enables the collapse of the charge ordered Mott state to be clocked. Precise knowledge of the sub-20-femtosecond dynamics will provide new insight into the physical mechanism behind the collapse and may reveal Mott physics on the timescale of electronic hopping. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1805.01723v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1805.01723v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 4 May, 2018; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> May 2018. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">20 pages, 6 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.04014">arXiv:1702.04014</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.04014">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1702.04014">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Biological Physics">physics.bio-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576717018131">10.1107/S1600576717018131 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Femtosecond x-ray diffraction from an aerosolized beam of protein nanocrystals </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Awel%2C+S">Salah Awel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kirian%2C+R+A">Richard A. Kirian</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Wiedorn%2C+M+O">Max O. Wiedorn</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Beyerlein%2C+K+R">Kenneth R. Beyerlein</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roth%2C+N">Nils Roth</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Horke%2C+D+A">Daniel A. Horke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Oberth%C3%BCr%2C+D">Dominik Oberth眉r</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Knoska%2C+J">Juraj Knoska</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Mariani%2C+V">Valerio Mariani</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Morgan%2C+A">Andrew Morgan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Adriano%2C+L">Luigi Adriano</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tolstikova%2C+A">Alexandra Tolstikova</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Xavier%2C+P+L">P. Lourdu Xavier</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Yefanov%2C+O">Oleksandr Yefanov</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aquila%2C+A">Andrew Aquila</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Roy-Chowdhury%2C+S">Shatabdi Roy-Chowdhury</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hunter%2C+M+S">Mark S. Hunter</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=James%2C+D">Daniel James</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Robinson%2C+J+S">Joseph S. Robinson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Weierstall%2C+U">Uwe Weierstall</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rode%2C+A+V">Andrei V. Rode</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=K%C3%BCpper%2C+J">Jochen K眉pper</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1702.04014v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We demonstrate near-atomic-resolution Bragg diffraction from aerosolized single granulovirus crystals using an x-ray free-electron laser. The form of the aerosol injector is nearly identical to conventional liquid-microjet nozzles, but the x-ray-scattering background is reduced by several orders of magnitude by the use of helium carrier gas rather than liquid. This approach provides a route to stu… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1702.04014v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1702.04014v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1702.04014v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We demonstrate near-atomic-resolution Bragg diffraction from aerosolized single granulovirus crystals using an x-ray free-electron laser. The form of the aerosol injector is nearly identical to conventional liquid-microjet nozzles, but the x-ray-scattering background is reduced by several orders of magnitude by the use of helium carrier gas rather than liquid. This approach provides a route to study the weak diffuse or lattice-transform signal arising from small crystals. The high speed of the particles is particularly well suited to upcoming MHz-repetition-rate x-ray free-electron lasers. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1702.04014v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1702.04014v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 13 January, 2018; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 13 February, 2017; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> February 2017. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.4577">arXiv:1307.4577</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1307.4577">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1307.4577">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Atomic Physics">physics.atom-ph</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.083002">10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.083002 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> X-ray diffraction from isolated and strongly aligned gas-phase molecules with a free-electron laser </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=K%C3%BCpper%2C+J">Jochen K眉pper</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Stern%2C+S">Stephan Stern</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Holmegaard%2C+L">Lotte Holmegaard</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Filsinger%2C+F">Frank Filsinger</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rouz%C3%A9e%2C+A">Arnaud Rouz茅e</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Rudenko%2C+A">Artem Rudenko</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Johnsson%2C+P">Per Johnsson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Martin%2C+A+V">Andrew V. Martin</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Adolph%2C+M">Marcus Adolph</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Aquila%2C+A">Andrew Aquila</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sa拧a Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bostedt%2C+C">Christoph Bostedt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bozek%2C+J">John Bozek</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Caleman%2C+C">Carl Caleman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coffee%2C+R">Ryan Coffee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Coppola%2C+N">Nicola Coppola</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Delmas%2C+T">Tjark Delmas</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Epp%2C+S">Sascha Epp</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Erk%2C+B">Benjamin Erk</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Foucar%2C+L">Lutz Foucar</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gorkhover%2C+T">Tais Gorkhover</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Gumprecht%2C+L">Lars Gumprecht</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hartmann%2C+A">Andreas Hartmann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hartmann%2C+R">Robert Hartmann</a> , et al. (30 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1307.4577v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We report experimental results on x-ray diffraction of quantum-state-selected and strongly aligned ensembles of the prototypical asymmetric rotor molecule 2,5-diiodobenzonitrile using the Linac Coherent Light Source. The experiments demonstrate first steps toward a new approach to diffractive imaging of distinct structures of individual, isolated gas-phase molecules. We confirm several key ingredi… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1307.4577v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1307.4577v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1307.4577v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We report experimental results on x-ray diffraction of quantum-state-selected and strongly aligned ensembles of the prototypical asymmetric rotor molecule 2,5-diiodobenzonitrile using the Linac Coherent Light Source. The experiments demonstrate first steps toward a new approach to diffractive imaging of distinct structures of individual, isolated gas-phase molecules. We confirm several key ingredients of single molecule diffraction experiments: the abilities to detect and count individual scattered x-ray photons in single shot diffraction data, to deliver state-selected, e. g., structural-isomer-selected, ensembles of molecules to the x-ray interaction volume, and to strongly align the scattering molecules. Our approach, using ultrashort x-ray pulses, is suitable to study ultrafast dynamics of isolated molecules. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1307.4577v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1307.4577v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 28 January, 2014; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 17 July, 2013; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2013. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">submitted to PRL</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 083002 (2014) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.0846">arXiv:1003.0846</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1003.0846">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/1003.0846">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1003.0846">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability">physics.data-an</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.225501">10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.225501 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Cryptotomography: reconstructing 3D Fourier intensities from randomly oriented single-shot diffraction patterns </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Loh%2C+N+D">N. D. Loh</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bogan%2C+M">M. Bogan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Elser%2C+V">V. Elser</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">A. Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boutet%2C+S">S. Boutet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">S. Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hajdu%2C+J">J. Hajdu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Ekeberg%2C+T">T. Ekeberg</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Maia%2C+F+R+N+C">F. R. N. C. Maia</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schulz%2C+J">J. Schulz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Seibert%2C+M+M">M. M. Seibert</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Iwan%2C+B">B. Iwan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Timneanu%2C+N">N. Timneanu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schlichting%2C+I">I. Schlichting</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shoeman%2C+R+L">R. L. Shoeman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lomb%2C+L">L. Lomb</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frank%2C+M">M. Frank</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Liang%2C+M">M. Liang</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1003.0846v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> We reconstructed the 3D Fourier intensity distribution of mono-disperse prolate nano-particles using single-shot 2D coherent diffraction patterns collected at DESY's FLASH facility when a bright, coherent, ultrafast X-ray pulse intercepted individual particles of random, unmeasured orientations. This first experimental demonstration of cryptotomography extended the Expansion-Maximization-Compres… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1003.0846v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1003.0846v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1003.0846v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> We reconstructed the 3D Fourier intensity distribution of mono-disperse prolate nano-particles using single-shot 2D coherent diffraction patterns collected at DESY's FLASH facility when a bright, coherent, ultrafast X-ray pulse intercepted individual particles of random, unmeasured orientations. This first experimental demonstration of cryptotomography extended the Expansion-Maximization-Compression (EMC) framework to accommodate unmeasured fluctuations in photon fluence and loss of data due to saturation or background scatter. This work is an important step towards realizing single-shot diffraction imaging of single biomolecules. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1003.0846v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1003.0846v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 5 April, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 3 March, 2010; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2010. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">4 pages, 4 figures</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.4969">arXiv:0801.4969</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/0801.4969">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/0801.4969">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2008.154">10.1038/nphoton.2008.154 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Ultrafast, ultrabright, X-ray holography using a uniformly-redundant array </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">S. Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boutet%2C+S">S. Boutet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Sakdinawat%2C+A+E">A. E. Sakdinawat</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bogan%2C+M+J">M. J. Bogan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">S. Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">A. Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">H. N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frank%2C+M">M. Frank</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hau-Riege%2C+S+P">S. P. Hau-Riege</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Szoke%2C+A">A. Szoke</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Cui%2C+C">C. Cui</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Howells%2C+M+R">M. R. Howells</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D+A">D. A. Shapiro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spence%2C+J+C+H">J. C. H. Spence</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shaevitz%2C+J+W">J. W. Shaevitz</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Lee%2C+J+Y">J. Y. Lee</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hajdu%2C+J">J. Hajdu</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Seibert%2C+M+M">M. M. Seibert</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0801.4969v3-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of high-resolution imaging to study the nanoworld on the time-scale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier Transform holography, (FTH) as a promising but, so far, inefficient scheme to do this. We show that a uniformly redundant array (URA) placed next to the sample, multiplies the efficiency of X-ray FTH by m… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0801.4969v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('0801.4969v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="0801.4969v3-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of high-resolution imaging to study the nanoworld on the time-scale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier Transform holography, (FTH) as a promising but, so far, inefficient scheme to do this. We show that a uniformly redundant array (URA) placed next to the sample, multiplies the efficiency of X-ray FTH by more than one thousand (approaching that of a perfect lens) and provides holographic images with both amplitude- and phase-contrast information. The experiments reported here demonstrate this concept by imaging a nano-fabricated object at a synchrotron source, and a bacterial cell at a soft X-ray free-electron-laser, where illumination by a single 15 fs pulse was successfully used in producing the holographic image. We expect with upcoming hard X-ray lasers to achieve considerably higher spatial resolution and to obtain ultrafast movies of excited states of matter. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('0801.4969v3-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('0801.4969v3-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 8 February, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 31 January, 2008; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> January 2008. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">5 pages, 3 figures, revtex</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JRNL-234707 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nature Photonics 2, 560 - 563 (2008) </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0610044">arXiv:physics/0610044</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0610044">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/physics/0610044">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/physics/0610044">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Optics">physics.optics</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys461">10.1038/nphys461 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Femtosecond Diffractive Imaging with a Soft-X-ray Free-Electron Laser </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Chapman%2C+H+N">Henry N. Chapman</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Barty%2C+A">Anton Barty</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bogan%2C+M+J">Michael J. Bogan</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Boutet%2C+S">Sebastien Boutet</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Frank%2C+M">Matthias Frank</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hau-Riege%2C+S+P">Stefan P. Hau-Riege</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Marchesini%2C+S">Stefano Marchesini</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Woods%2C+B+W">Bruce W. Woods</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bajt%2C+S">Sasa Bajt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Benner%2C+W+H">W. Henry Benner</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=London%2C+R+A">Richard A. London</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Plonjes%2C+E">Elke Plonjes</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Kuhlmann%2C+M">Marion Kuhlmann</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Treusch%2C+R">Rolf Treusch</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Dusterer%2C+S">Stefan Dusterer</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Tschentscher%2C+T">Thomas Tschentscher</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Schneider%2C+J+R">Jochen R. Schneider</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Spiller%2C+E">Eberhard Spiller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Moller%2C+T">Thomas Moller</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Bostedt%2C+C">Christoph Bostedt</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hoener%2C+M">Matthias Hoener</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Shapiro%2C+D+A">David A. Shapiro</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Hodgson%2C+K+O">Keith O. Hodgson</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=van+der+Spoel%2C+D">David van der Spoel</a>, <a href="/search/physics?searchtype=author&query=Burmeister%2C+F">Florian Burmeister</a> , et al. (9 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0610044v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Theory predicts that with an ultrashort and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse, a single diffraction pattern may be recorded from a large macromolecule, a virus, or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into a plasma. Here we report the first experimental demonstration of this principle using the FLASH soft X-ray free-electron laser. An intense 25 fs, 4 10^13 W/cm^2 pulse, containing 10… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0610044v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('physics/0610044v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="physics/0610044v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Theory predicts that with an ultrashort and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse, a single diffraction pattern may be recorded from a large macromolecule, a virus, or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into a plasma. Here we report the first experimental demonstration of this principle using the FLASH soft X-ray free-electron laser. An intense 25 fs, 4 10^13 W/cm^2 pulse, containing 10^12 photons at 32 nm wavelength, produced a coherent diffraction pattern from a nano-structured non-periodic object, before destroying it at 60,000 K. A novel X-ray camera assured single photon detection sensitivity by filtering out parasitic scattering and plasma radiation. The reconstructed image, obtained directly from the coherent pattern by phase retrieval through oversampling, shows no measurable damage, and extends to diffraction-limited resolution. A three-dimensional data set may be assembled from such images when copies of a reproducible sample are exposed to the beam one by one. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('physics/0610044v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('physics/0610044v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 10 October, 2006; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 7 October, 2006; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2006. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">revtex, 6 pages, 4 figures</span> </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Report number:</span> UCRL-JRNL-219848 </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> Nature Physics 2, 839 - 843 (2006) </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="columns is-desktop" role="navigation" aria-label="Secondary">  <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help">Help</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html"> Contact</a> </li> <li> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"/></svg> <a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe"> Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="column"> <div class="columns"> <div class="column"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="column sorry-app-links"> <ul class="nav-spaced"> <li><a href="https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html">Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li> <li> <p class="help"> <a class="a11y-main-link" href="https://status.arxiv.org" target="_blank">arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role="presentation"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"/></svg></a><br> Get status notifications via <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"/></svg>email</a> or <a class="is-link" href="https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role="presentation"><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"/></svg>slack</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.arxiv.org/static/base/1.0.0a5/js/member_acknowledgement.js"></script> </body> </html>

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