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ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Terrorismo" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Terrorismo" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Terrorismo" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definizioak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definizioak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definizioak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definizioak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Definizioak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definizioak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Akademikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akademikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Akademikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akademikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nazio_Batuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazio_Batuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Nazio Batuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazio_Batuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antzinaroa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antzinaroa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Antzinaroa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antzinaroa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erdi_Aroa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erdi_Aroa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Erdi Aroa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erdi_Aroa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bolboraren_konspirazioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolboraren_konspirazioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Bolboraren konspirazioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolboraren_konspirazioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XVIII._mendea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XVIII._mendea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>XVIII. mendea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XVIII._mendea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izu_Garaia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izu_Garaia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Izu Garaia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izu_Garaia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XXI._mendea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XXI._mendea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>XXI. mendea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XXI._mendea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terrorismo_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrorismo_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Terrorismo motak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terrorismo_motak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Terrorismo motak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terrorismo_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Banakako_terrorismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banakako_terrorismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Banakako terrorismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banakako_terrorismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antolatutako_terrorismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antolatutako_terrorismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Antolatutako terrorismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antolatutako_terrorismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estatu_terrorismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estatu_terrorismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Estatu terrorismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estatu_terrorismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ziberterrorismoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ziberterrorismoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Ziberterrorismoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ziberterrorismoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrazoiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrazoiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arrazoiak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arrazoiak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Arrazoiak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arrazoiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Terrorismoaren_alderdi_psikologikoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrorismoaren_alderdi_psikologikoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Terrorismoaren alderdi psikologikoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrorismoaren_alderdi_psikologikoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terrorismoaren_errepresioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrorismoaren_errepresioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Terrorismoaren errepresioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrorismoaren_errepresioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europar_Batasuna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europar_Batasuna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Europar Batasuna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europar_Batasuna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erakunde_terrorista_ezagunak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erakunde_terrorista_ezagunak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Erakunde terrorista ezagunak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erakunde_terrorista_ezagunak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Erakunde terrorista ezagunak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erakunde_terrorista_ezagunak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Euskal_Herrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euskal_Herrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Euskal Herrian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euskal_Herrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munduan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munduan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Munduan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munduan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Terrorismo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 139 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismus" title="Terrorismus – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Terrorismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismo" title="Terrorismo – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="إرهاب – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرهاب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ارهاب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارهاب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismu" title="Terrorismu – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Terrorismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorizm" title="Terrorizm – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Terrorizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="تروریزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تروریزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teruor%C4%97zmos" title="Teruorėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Teruorėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismo" title="Terorismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тэрарызм – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэрарызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тэрарызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэрарызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Тероризъм – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тероризъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="आतंकवाद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आतंकवाद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="সন্ত্রাসবাদ – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সন্ত্রাসবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponterezh" title="Sponterezh – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sponterezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorizam" title="Terorizam – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Terorizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorisme" title="Terorisme – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Terorisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismo" title="Terorismo – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="تیرۆریزم – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تیرۆریزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismus" title="Terorismus – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Terorismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terfysgaeth" title="Terfysgaeth – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Terfysgaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismus" title="Terrorismus – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Terrorismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorizm" title="Terorizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Terorizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τρομοκρατία – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρομοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Terrorism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismo" title="Terorismo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismo" title="Terrorismo – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Terrorism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="تروریسم – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تروریسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismi" title="Terrorismi – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Terrorismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvirgangur" title="Yvirgangur – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Yvirgangur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceimhlitheoireacht" title="Sceimhlitheoireacht – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sceimhlitheoireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9rorism" title="Térorism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Térorism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceannairceachd" title="Ceannairceachd – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ceannairceachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismo" title="Terrorismo – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondyikakuaa" title="Mondyikakuaa – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mondyikakuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6" title="આતંકવાદ – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આતંકવાદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%A7himys" title="Atçhimys – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Atçhimys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%27addanci" title="Ta'addanci – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ta'addanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A8" title="טרור – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טרור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="आतंकवाद – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आतंकवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atankwaad" title="Atankwaad – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Atankwaad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorizam" title="Terorizam – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Terorizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorizmus" title="Terrorizmus – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Terrorizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ահաբեկչություն – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ահաբեկչություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ահաբեկչութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ահաբեկչութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismo" title="Terrorismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorisme" title="Terorisme – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Terorisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismo" title="Terorismo – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismo" title="Terorismo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hry%C3%B0juverk" title="Hryðjuverk – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hryðjuverk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismo" title="Terrorismo – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="テロリズム – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テロリズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tadjycolnunte%27a" title="tadjycolnunte'a – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tadjycolnunte'a" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorisme" title="Terorisme – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Terorisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ტერორიზმი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტერორიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorizm" title="Terrorizm – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Terrorizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aremma%C9%A3" title="Aremmaɣ – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aremmaɣ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ಭಯೋತ್ಪಾದನೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಯೋತ್ಪಾದನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%9F%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="테러리즘 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테러리즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teror%C3%AEzm" title="Terorîzm – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Terorîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broweghereth" title="Broweghereth – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Broweghereth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromocratia" title="Tromocratia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tromocratia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorizmo" title="Terrorizmo – ladinoa" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Terrorizmo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorism" title="Terorism – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Terorism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Terrorism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorizmas" title="Terorizmas – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Terorizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorisms" title="Terorisms – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Terorisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fampihorohoroana" title="Fampihorohoroana – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fampihorohoroana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Тероризам – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тероризам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഭീകരവാദം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭീകരവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="दहशतवाद – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दहशतवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorisme" title="Terorisme – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Terorisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="အကြမ်းဖက်ဝါဒ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အကြမ်းဖက်ဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="تروریسم – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تروریسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismus" title="Terrorismus – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Terrorismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="आतङ्कवाद – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आतङ्कवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorisme" title="Terrorisme – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Terrorisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਦਹਿਸ਼ਤਵਾਦ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਹਿਸ਼ਤਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismo" title="Terorismo – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terroryzm" title="Terroryzm – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Terroryzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorism" title="Terorism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Terorism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="دہشت گردی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دہشت گردی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismo" title="Terrorismo – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terrorismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorism" title="Terorism – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Terorism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терорізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Терорізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterabwoba" title="Iterabwoba – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Iterabwoba" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorismu" title="Terrorismu – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Terrorismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirrur%C3%ACsimu" title="Tirrurìsimu – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tirrurìsimu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Terrorism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="دھشتگردي – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دھشتگردي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorizam" title="Terorizam – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Terorizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="ත්‍රස්තවාදය – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ත්‍රස්තවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Terrorism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorizmus" title="Terorizmus – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Terorizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorizem" title="Terorizem – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Terorizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorizmi" title="Terrorizmi – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Terrorizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Тероризам – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тероризам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Terrorism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugaidi" title="Ugaidi – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ugaidi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பயங்கரவாதம் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பயங்கரவாதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="ఉగ్రవాదం – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉగ్రవాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Терроризм – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Терроризм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="การก่อการร้าย – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การก่อการร้าย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismo" title="Terorismo – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter%C3%B6rizm" title="Terörizm – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Terörizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Террорчылык – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Террорчылык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Тероризм – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тероризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%B4%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="دہشت گردی – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دہشت گردی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorizm" title="Terrorizm – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Terrorizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%E1%BB%A7ng_b%E1%BB%91" title="Khủng bố – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khủng bố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorisse" title="Terorisse – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Terorisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terorismo" title="Terorismo – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Terorismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="恐怖主义 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恐怖主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a 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bgcolor="ccccff"><big><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Terrorismo</a></b></big> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kontraterrorismo" title="Kontraterrorismo">Kontraterrorismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terrorismoaren_aurkako_gerra" title="Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra">Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="ccccff">Motak </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nazionalismo" title="Nazionalismo">Nazionalista</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo_erlijioso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorismo erlijioso (sortu gabe)">Erlijiosoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estatuek_babestutako_terrorismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Estatuek babestutako terrorismo (sortu gabe)">Estatuek babestua</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estatu_terrorismo" title="Estatu terrorismo">Estatuena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrazakeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrazakeria">Arrazista</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Narkoterrorismo" title="Narkoterrorismo">Narkoterrorismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo_poltiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorismo poltiko (sortu gabe)">Politikoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekoterrorismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekoterrorismo (sortu gabe)">Ekoterrorismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="ccccff">Taktikak </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hilketa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilketa">Hilketa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lehergailu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehergailu">Lehergailuak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonba_auto" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonba auto">Bonba auto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonba_gizon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonba gizon (sortu gabe)">Bonba gizon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahiketa" title="Bahiketa">Bahiketak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Express_bahiketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Express bahiketa (sortu gabe)">Express bahiketa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioterrorismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioterrorismo (sortu gabe)">Bioterrorismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziberterrorismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziberterrorismo (sortu gabe)">Ziberterrorismoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="ccccff">Erakunde terroristak </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasunaren_ustezko_erakunde_terroristak" class="mw-redirect" title="Europar Batasunaren ustezko erakunde terroristak">Europar Batasunarenak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Estatu_Sailaren_ustezko_erakunde_terroristak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Estatu Sailaren ustezko erakunde terroristak (sortu gabe)">Estatu Batuenak</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Terrorismo</b> hitza erabiltzen da <a href="/wiki/Indarkeria" title="Indarkeria">indarkeria</a> modu sistematikoan eta sarri bereizi gabean erabiltzeko modua definitzeko, helburu politikoak lortzeko, gizarte zibilaren portaera baldintzatzeko edo hartutako erabaki itzulezinen kontuak argitzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekintza terroristak ondasun edo pertsonen kontrako <a href="/wiki/Atentatu" title="Atentatu">atentatuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahiketa" title="Bahiketa">bahiketak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errepresio_politiko" title="Errepresio politiko">errepresioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura">tortura</a> eta abar izan daitezke. Terrorismoaren esanahia denboran zehar aldatu den arren, gaur egun kontzeptu gaitzesgarritzat jotzen da, oro har. </p><p>Nazioz gaindiko erakundeek ―besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen Erakundeak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasunak―</a> duten lehen arazoa da terrorismoaren hitz bidezko definizioa aurkitzeko zailtasuna; izan ere, edozein proposamenek estatu talde baten edo besteren desadostasuna pizten baitu, bakoitzak bere historia edo auzi zehatzen arabera.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuetan</a>, adibidez, «terrorismoaz» hitz egiten da haien aurkako eraso bat denean, baina inoiz ez gisako ekintza batean erasotzaileak estatubatuarrak direnean.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekintza terrorista baten beste izendapen batzuk izan daitezke, hizlariaren ikuspegiaren arabera, «prebentzio ekintza», «borroka armatu» edo «operazio militar». </p><p>Horrenbestez, <i>terrorismo</i> terminoaren erabilera eztabaidagarria izan ohi da. Normalean terroristatzat hartzen diren talde askok armadatzat hartzen dute beren burua, herriak askatzeko taldetzat eta abar. Bestalde, gobernu askok, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Diktadura" title="Diktadura">diktadurek</a>, <i>terrorismoa</i> edo <i>terrorista</i> terminoa erabiltzen dute <a href="/wiki/Gobernu" title="Gobernu">gobernuaren</a> edo haren <a href="/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia">ideologiaren</a> aurkako erakundeak edo pertsonak erasotzeko eta izen ona kentzeko. </p><p><i>Estatu terrorismo</i> terminoa ere erabiltzen da <a href="/wiki/Estatu" title="Estatu">Estatu</a> bateko gobernuak <a href="/wiki/Giza_eskubideak" title="Giza eskubideak">giza eskubideak</a> nabarmen urratzen dituenean, batez ere talde paramilitarrak edo indar irregularrak erabiltzen direnean gizatalde etniko, sozial, erlijioso edo ideologiko jakin batzuk jazartzeko. </p><p>Terrorismoan emakumeen partaidetza ez da fenomeno berri bat, Kerry Lay ikertzailearen arabera.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologia">Terminologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Terminologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Terminologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindiaren_Hiztegia" title="Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia">Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegiaren</a> arabera, <i>terrorismo</i> hitza da euskara estandarrean onartutako terminoa. Hiztegiak honela definitzen du terrorismo hitza: </p> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="top">« </td> <td style="" valign="middle" align="left">iz. Helburu politiko bat lortzeko izua sistematikoki erabiltzea. </td> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="bottom">» </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>XX. eta XXI. mendeko albiste, hitzarmen eta dokumentu ofizial batzuetan <i>izu-ekintza</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edo <i>izuekintza</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> moldeak erabili izan dira, <i>terrorismo</i> kontzeptua adierazteko. </p><p><a href="/wiki/EHU" class="mw-redirect" title="EHU">EHU</a>ren Egungo Testuen Corpusak bost adibide besterik ez ditu jasotzen, <i>izu-ekintza</i> esamolderako, horietatik bi <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedian</a> bertan erabiliak.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definizioak">Definizioak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Definizioak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Definizioak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Terrorist_attack_13-11-18_Gao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Terrorist_attack_13-11-18_Gao.jpg/220px-Terrorist_attack_13-11-18_Gao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Terrorist_attack_13-11-18_Gao.jpg/330px-Terrorist_attack_13-11-18_Gao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Terrorist_attack_13-11-18_Gao.jpg/440px-Terrorist_attack_13-11-18_Gao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Gaon egindako <a href="/wiki/Atentatu" title="Atentatu">atentatu</a> terrorista baten ondorengo irudia (2018).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akademikoak">Akademikoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Akademikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Akademikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luis de la Corte Ibáñez<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> espainiar ikertzaileak azaltzen du kazetari eta politikari askok, baita zenbait analista eta herritarrek ere, uste dutela «terrorismo» terminoa gaitzesteko bakarrik baliatu daitekeela. Horrek izaera erlatibo bati lotuta uzten du terminoa, eta, horren ondorioz, fenomeno bat batzuek terroristatzat jotzen duten bitartean; beste batzuentzat, berriz, askatasunaren aldeko borrokalaria izan daiteke. Ikertzaileak ez du onartzen interpretazio hori:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terminoa modu <a href="/wiki/Demagogia" title="Demagogia">demagogikoan</a> erabili izan da aurkariek egindako ekintzak deskalifikatzeko, balio informatiboa ematen dioten irizpide objektiboak kontuan hartu gabe.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terminoaren erabileran eztabaidan ez sartzeagatik, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> berri agentziak eta <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> egunkariak ez erabiltzea erabaki zuten.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hori dena kontuan hartuta, terrorismoa terminoa honela definitzen du zientifikoki de la Cortek: armatu gabeko pertsonen aurkako ekintza sekuentzial bortitza, izaera erlijioso edo politikoa duena, propaganda (hau da, mezu politiko edo erlijioso batzuk adierazi eta hedatzea) izuaren bidez hedatu nahi eta lortzen duena.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nazio_Batuak">Nazio Batuak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Nazio Batuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Nazio Batuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen Erakundeak</a> terrorismoaren definizioan adostasuna lortzea komeni zela onartu bazuen ere, inoiz ez da halakorik lortu, estatuen ekintza terroristak barne hartzen ez dituen definizio zehatza lortzeko ezintasunaren ondorioz. Definiziorako lehen saiakera 1937an egin zen, artean <a href="/wiki/Nazioen_Liga" title="Nazioen Liga">Nazioen Liga</a> zenean: </p> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="top">« </td> <td style="" valign="middle" align="left">Estatu baten aurka zuzentzen den edozein ekintza kriminal, norbanakoen, gizatalde baten edo, oro har, publikoaren buruetan izu egoera bat sortzera bideratua edo kalkulatua. </td> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="bottom">» </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>51/210 Ebazpenak, «Nazioarteko terrorismoa ezabatzeko neurriak», 1996ko abenduaren 17ko 88. Osoko Bilkuran hartutakoak, I.2 puntuan dio <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Batzar_Nagusia" title="Nazio Batuen Batzar Nagusia">Nazio Batuen Batzar Nagusiak</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="top">« </td> <td style="" valign="middle" align="left">Berresten du ezin direla inola ere justifikatu helburu politikoekin izu egoera eragiteko bideratutako edo kalkulatutako ekintza kriminalak, izan jendearengan oro har, gizatalde batengan edo pertsona partikular batengan,edozein izanda ere haiek justifikatzeko erabil daitezkeen gogoeta politiko, filosofiko, ideologiko, arrazazko, etniko, erlijioso edo beste edozein eratakoak. </td> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="bottom">» </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">NBEri</a> egindako txosten batean, A.P. Schmid adituak proposatu zuen gerra krimenaren kontzeptua abiapuntutzat hartzea; izan ere, kontzeptu hori bake garaira zabaltzen bada, terrorismo ekintzen definizio funtzional handiago batera iristen da, hala nola «gerra krimenen baliokidea bake garaian».<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-20231105093645_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-20231105093645-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundeko_idazkari_nagusia" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundeko idazkari nagusia">Nazio Batuetako idazkari nagusiak</a> izendaturik, <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abenduaren_1" title="Abenduaren 1">abenduaren 1ean</a>, Mehatxu, Erronka eta Aldaketak Aztertzeko Goi Mailako Aditu Taldeak bere azken txostenean terrorismoaren definizio hau eman zuen: </p> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="top">« </td> <td style="" valign="middle" align="left">Edozein ekintza, terrorismoaren alderdi jakin batzuei buruz indarrean dauden hitzarmen eta konbentzioetan, <a href="/wiki/Genevako_Konbentzioak" title="Genevako Konbentzioak">Genevako Konbentzioetan</a> eta Nazio Batuen Segurtasun Kontseiluaren 1566 Ebazpenean (2004) zehaztutakoez gain, zibilen bati edo ez-borrokalariren bati heriotza edo gorputzeko lesio larriak eragiteko asmoz egindakoa, ekintza horren helburua denean, bere izaera edo testuinguruagatik, populazioa beldurraraztea edo gobernu bat nahiz nazioarteko erakunde bat ekintza bat egitera edo ez egitera behartzea.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="bottom">» </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Eremu akademikoan dagoen adostasun gisa azaldutakoa era honetan formulatu daiteke, A.P. Schmiden (1988) arabera:<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-20231105093645_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-20231105093645-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="margin:auto; width:auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px; text-align:left; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="top">« </td> <td style="" valign="middle" align="left">Terrorismoa larritasuna sortzeko metodo bat da, ekintza bortitz errepikatuetan oinarritua, norbanako edo talde (erdi)klandestino batek edo estatuko agenteek erabiltzen dutena, arrazoi idiosinkratiko, kriminal edo politikoengatik, non ―erailketan ez bezala― indarkeriaren helburu zuzenak ez baitira helburu nagusiak. Indarkeriaren berehalako giza biktimak, oro har, xede populazio batean aukeratzen dira, ausaz (aukerako helburuak) edo selektiboki (helburu adierazgarriak edo sinbolikoak), eta mezu bat sortzeko baliarazten dira. Mehatxuan ―eta indarkerian― oinarritutako (erakunde) terroristaren eta arriskuan diren biktimen nahiz helburu nagusien arteko komunikazio prozesuak erabiltzen dira entzule arruntak manipulatzeko, izuaren, eskabideen edo arretaren helburu bihur daitezen, kontuan hartuta larderia, hertsapena edo propaganda lehenesten den.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="font-size:35px; padding:0 10px 10px; text-align:right; font-family:'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight:bold; color:silver;" width="20" valign="bottom">» </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>«Terrorismo» hitza, hasiera batean, <a href="/wiki/Frantziako_Iraultza" title="Frantziako Iraultza">Frantziako Iraultzako</a> <a href="/wiki/Izu_Garaia" title="Izu Garaia">Izu Garaian</a> <a href="/wiki/Jakobino" title="Jakobino">jakobinismoaren</a> ekintzak deskribatzeko erabiltzen zen. <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a> buruzagiak esan zuenez, «izua justizia azkar, zorrotz eta zurruna besterik ez da».<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>. urtean <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a> irlandarrak <a href="/wiki/Jakobino" title="Jakobino">jakobinismoa</a> salatu zuen «terrorista izeneko milaka infernutarren buru» izateagatik.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1858ko urtarrilean, <a href="/wiki/Felice_Orsini" title="Felice Orsini">Felice Orsini</a> italiarra <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III.a" title="Napoleon III.a">Napoleon III.a</a> enperadore frantsesa hiltzen saiatu zen, hiru bonba botata. Zortzi pertsona hil ziren eta 142 zauritu. Gertaera hura erabakigarria izan zen lehen talde terrorista errusiarren garapenaren inspirazio gisa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergei_Netxaiev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergei Netxaiev (sortu gabe)">Sergei Netxaiev</a> errusiarrak «terrorista» gisa definitu zuen bere burua, terminoa esanahi modernoaz erabiltzeko lehen adibideetako bat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antzinaroa">Antzinaroa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antzinaroa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Antzinaroa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terrorismoaren historian erregistratutako lehen adibidea <a href="/wiki/Sikario" title="Sikario">sikarioen</a> terrorismo fanatiko erlijiosoa izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Zelote" title="Zelote">zelote juduen</a> fakzio bat, I. mendeko 60ko eta 70eko hamarkadetan ekintzak gauzatu zituena. Sikarioek, gehienetan, ustekabean egiten zituzten erasoak <a href="/wiki/Sika" title="Sika">sika</a> baliatuta: legionario erromatarrei, traidoretzat jotzen zituzten <a href="/wiki/Judu" title="Judu">juduei</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Apostasia" title="Apostasia">apostatatzat</a> jotzen zituztenei lepoa moztuta, egun argiz, jende asko zegoenean, jendetzaren artean ihes egin ahal izateko.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erdi_Aroa">Erdi Aroa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erdi Aroa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Erdi Aroa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/XI._mendea" title="XI. mendea">XI</a>. eta <a href="/wiki/XIII._mendea" title="XIII. mendea">XIII. mendeen</a> artean, <a href="/wiki/Ismailismo" title="Ismailismo">ismailismoaren</a> barruko <i><a href="/wiki/Asasino" title="Asasino">asasino</a></i> izeneko hiltzaile talde batek<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bere helburuak (<a href="/wiki/Kroaziar" title="Kroaziar">kroaziar</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristau" title="Kristau">kristauak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">suniak</a>) sistematikoki eta ezustean hiltzen zituen, kristauez edo atzerritarrez mozorrotuta. Askotan, beren misioetan heriotzari beldurrik gabe hiltzen ziren, beren erasoetan heriotzak zuzenean <a href="/wiki/Paradisu" title="Paradisu">paradisura</a> eramango zituela uste baitzuten.<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa_2-20231105093645_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa_2-20231105093645-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fawkes_arrest2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fawkes_arrest2.jpg/220px-Fawkes_arrest2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fawkes_arrest2.jpg/330px-Fawkes_arrest2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fawkes_arrest2.jpg/440px-Fawkes_arrest2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Bolboraren konspiratzaileak aurkitu dituzte, eta <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes" title="Guy Fawkes">Guy Fawkes</a> Parlamentuko sotoan aurkitu dute lehergailuekin.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bolboraren_konspirazioa">Bolboraren konspirazioa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bolboraren konspirazioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Bolboraren konspirazioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bolboraren_konspirazioa" title="Bolboraren konspirazioa">Bolboraren konspirazioa</a> 1605eko azaroaren 5ean gertatu zen; <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes" title="Guy Fawkes">Guy Fawkes</a> buru zuen konspiratzaile talde bat <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batuko_Legebiltzarra" title="Erresuma Batuko Legebiltzarra">Erresuma Batuko Parlamentua</a> suntsitzen saiatu zen, irekitzeko zeremonian, <a href="/wiki/Bolbora" title="Bolbora">bolbora</a> kopuru handi bat leherrarazita; ezkutuan jarri zuten eraikin azpian. <a href="/wiki/Jakue_I.a_Ingalaterrakoa" title="Jakue I.a Ingalaterrakoa">Jakue I.</a> erregea eta Parlamentuko bi ganberetako kideak hiltzea zen helburua. Uneko anarkian, konspiratzaileek <a href="/wiki/Estatu-kolpe" title="Estatu-kolpe">estatu kolpe</a> bat egin eta Ingalaterran <a href="/wiki/Katolizismo" title="Katolizismo">fede katolikoa</a> berrezarri nahi zuten. Alabaina, <a href="/wiki/Salatari" title="Salatari">salatari</a> batek zapuztu zuen konspirazioa. Saiakera hura urtero gogoratzen da Ingalaterran, <a href="/wiki/Su_artifizialak" title="Su artifizialak">su artifizialekin</a>, urte bakoitzeko azaroaren 5ean. </p><p>Konspiratzaileen helburuak terrorista modernoenekin konparatu izan dira maiz, baina bada hori zalantzan jartzen duenik.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Itotzaileak </p><p>XVII. mendetik XIX. mendera arte, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/Itotzaileak" title="Itotzaileak">Itotzaile</a> edo <i>thugak</i>, <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a> jainkosaren gurtzaileak, erritual gisa biktimak eskuez itota hiltzen zituzten.<sup id="cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa_2-20231105093645_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa_2-20231105093645-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XVIII._mendea">XVIII. mendea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «XVIII. mendea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: XVIII. mendea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Askatasunaren_Semeak" title="Askatasunaren Semeak">Askatasunaren Semeak</a> erakunde sekretu bat izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Amerika" title="Ipar Amerika">Ipar Ameriketako</a> kolonietan britainiar legen aplikazioaren aurkakoa. Eraso asko egin zituen, ezagunena <a href="/wiki/Bostongo_Tearen_Matxinada" title="Bostongo Tearen Matxinada">Bostongo Tearen Matxinada</a>, 1773ko abenduaren 16an. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Izu_Garaia">Izu Garaia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izu Garaia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Izu Garaia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Girondists_Harpers_Weekly_Aug_1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Girondists_Harpers_Weekly_Aug_1881.jpg/220px-Girondists_Harpers_Weekly_Aug_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Girondists_Harpers_Weekly_Aug_1881.jpg/330px-Girondists_Harpers_Weekly_Aug_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Girondists_Harpers_Weekly_Aug_1881.jpg/440px-Girondists_Harpers_Weekly_Aug_1881.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Izu_Garaia" title="Izu Garaia">Izu Garaiko</a> irudi bat.</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Izu_Garaia" title="Izu Garaia">Izu Garaia</a> (frantsesez, <i>Terreur</i>) <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_5" title="Irailaren 5">irailaren 5etik</a> <a href="/wiki/1794" title="1794">1794ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Uztailaren_28" title="Uztailaren 28">uztailaren 28ra</a> hamaika hilabetez luzatu zen aro bat izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Frantziako_Iraultza" title="Frantziako Iraultza">Frantziako Iraultzan</a>; arerioen arteko borrokek muturreko <a href="/wiki/Erradikalismo_(politika)" title="Erradikalismo (politika)">erradikalizazio</a> bat ekarri zuen, indarkeria giro batean. Milaka arerio politiko hil zituzten <a href="/wiki/Gillotina" title="Gillotina">gillotinan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Izu Garaian, gutxi gorabehera 40.000 hildako izan ziren. Auzitegi iraultzaileek kondenatutako jendeetatik, % 8 <a href="/wiki/Aristokrazia" title="Aristokrazia">aristokratak</a> ziren, % 6 <a href="/wiki/Klero" title="Klero">elizgizonak</a>, % 14 <a href="/wiki/Erdi-mailako_klase" title="Erdi-mailako klase">klase ertainekoak</a>, eta % 70 <a href="/wiki/Langile" title="Langile">langileak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Nekazari" title="Nekazari">nekazariak</a>; leporatutako salaketak beti izan ohi ziren diru metaketa, <a href="/wiki/Desertzio" title="Desertzio">desertzioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matxinada" title="Matxinada">matxinada</a> eta beste krimen batzuk.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XXI._mendea">XXI. mendea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «XXI. mendea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: XXI. mendea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg/220px-National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg/330px-National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/National_Park_Service_9-11_Statue_of_Liberty_and_WTC_fire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_11" title="Irailaren 11">irailaren 11</a> - <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center" title="World Trade Center">World Trade Centerreko</a> iparraldeko eta hegoaldeko dorreak sutan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Number_of_Terrorist_Incidents.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Number_of_Terrorist_Incidents.png/220px-Number_of_Terrorist_Incidents.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Number_of_Terrorist_Incidents.png/330px-Number_of_Terrorist_Incidents.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Number_of_Terrorist_Incidents.png/440px-Number_of_Terrorist_Incidents.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>2000tik 2008ra bitarteko gertakari terroristen kopurua.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/2001eko_irailaren_11ko_atentatuak" title="2001eko irailaren 11ko atentatuak">2001eko irailaren 11ko atentatuetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Kaida" title="Al Kaida">Al Kaidako</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hemeretzi erasotzailek bidaiarien lau hegazkin komertzial bahitu zituzten; haietako bik <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center" title="World Trade Center">World Trade Center</a> eta batek <a href="/wiki/Pentagonoa" title="Pentagonoa">Pentagonoa</a> jo zuten.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erasoen ondorioz, World Trade Centerreko <a href="/wiki/Dorre_Bikiak" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorre Bikiak">Dorre Bikiak</a> hondoratu egin ziren. Bahitzaileak kontuan hartu gabe, 3.000 pertsona inguru hil ziren erasoetan, eta aldaketa handiak eragin zituzten <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBetako</a> segurtasun politikan, bai eta atentatuaren errudunen aurkako errepresalia orokorra ere, «<a href="/wiki/Terrorismoaren_aurkako_gerra" title="Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra">terrorismoaren aurkako gerra</a>» izenez ezaguna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terrorismo_motak">Terrorismo motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Terrorismo motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Terrorismo motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banakako_terrorismoa">Banakako terrorismoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Banakako terrorismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Banakako terrorismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bakarkako terrorismoa batez ere XIX. mendearen amaieran eta XX. mendearen hasieran garatu zen, batez ere . militante <a href="/wiki/Anarkismo" title="Anarkismo">anarkisten</a> ekintzen bitartez. Militante haien atentatuen helburu izan ohi ziren eremu politiko, militar edo ekonomikoko persona nabarmenak, gehienetan mendeku gisa, jasandako errepresioagatik edo adiskideen erailketengatik. </p><p>Ustea zen errepresioaren erantzuleak ezabatu ondoren zapalkuntza desagertu egingo zela, etorkizuneko errepresoreak beldur izango zirelako. </p><p>Gisa horretako atentatuak izan ziren, besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Fieschi" title="Giuseppe Fieschi">Giuseppe Fieschik</a> Frantziako errege <a href="/wiki/Luis_Filipe_Frantziakoa" title="Luis Filipe Frantziakoa">Luis Felipe</a> hiltzeko saioa (1835), Bartzelonako <a href="/wiki/El_Liceu" title="El Liceu">El Liceu</a> antzokian egindako leherketa (1893) edo <a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Antonio Cánovas del Castilloren</a> hilketa, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Angiolillo" title="Michele Angiolillo">Michele Angiolillok</a> emandako hiru tiroz, <a href="/wiki/Arrasate" title="Arrasate">Arrasateko</a> <a href="/wiki/Aita_Menni_Ospitalea" title="Aita Menni Ospitalea">Aita Menni Erietxean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antolatutako_terrorismoa">Antolatutako terrorismoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antolatutako terrorismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Antolatutako terrorismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antolatutako terrorismoa da ezein gobernuren ordezkaritzarik gabeko talde batek egiten duena. <a href="/wiki/1960ko_hamarkada" title="1960ko hamarkada">1960ko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/1970eko_hamarkada" title="1970eko hamarkada">1970eko hamarkadetan</a>, talde terrorista ugari sortu ziren Europan, Hegoa zein Ipar Ameriketan eta Afrikan, <a href="/wiki/Eskuin_mutur" title="Eskuin mutur">eskuin muturrari</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ezker_iraultzaile" title="Ezker iraultzaile">ezker iraultzaileari</a> loturik.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estatu_terrorismoa">Estatu terrorismoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Estatu terrorismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Estatu terrorismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estatu terrorismoa da gobernu batek legez kanpoko metodoak erabiltzea, biztanleria zibil jakin bati beldurra eragiteko, helburu sozial, politiko edo militar batzuk ez ditzan gauzatu edo bestela gertatuko ez liratekeen portaerak ukan ditzan. </p><p>Estatu terrorismoaren kontzeptua oso eztabaidatua da. Gerra batean, estatuen ekintza militarrak ez dira terroristatzat hartzen, nahiz eta heriotza zibil ugari eragin.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry Commager (1902-1998) historialari liberalak honela idatzi zuen: «Terrorismoari buruzko definizioek Estatuaren terrorismoa onartzen dutenean ere, eremu horretako estatu ekintzak gerraren edo autodefentsa nazionalaren ikuspegitik ikusten dira, ez terrorismo gisa».<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estatu batzuek aise leporatzen ahal diete beste estatuei terrorismo ekintzak babestea, baina baina norbanakoek beren gobernuak terroristatzat salatzen dituztenean erradikaltzat hartzen dira, gobernu legitimoen ekintzak ez baitira, oro har, legez kontrakotzat jotzen. Definizio akademikoak joera argia dauka estatuek onartutako definizioak jarraitzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estatu gehienek «terrorismo» terminoa erabiltzen dute soilik estatuz kanpoko eragileentzat.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zernahi gisaz, adibide asko daude estatu terrorismoaz; besteak beste: <a href="/wiki/Kondor_operazioa" title="Kondor operazioa">Kondor operazioa</a>, hilketa eta inteligentzia operazioak <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentinan</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Warrior" title="Rainbow Warrior">Rainbow Warrior</a></i> itsasontziaren aurka <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziak</a> burututako ekintza; <a href="/wiki/Boloniako_sarraskia" title="Boloniako sarraskia">Boloniako sarraskia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigada_Gorriak" title="Brigada Gorriak">Brigada Gorrien</a> aurkako borrokan egindakoa, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italian</a>; <a href="/wiki/GAL" title="GAL">GAL</a> erakunde paramilitarra <a href="/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia">Espainian</a>; edo <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Irlandako_gatazka" title="Ipar Irlandako gatazka">Ipar Irlandako gatazkan</a> Erresuma Batuak izandako jokabidea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ziberterrorismoa">Ziberterrorismoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ziberterrorismoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Ziberterrorismoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Konputagailu-sare" title="Konputagailu-sare">Sare informatikoek</a> gero eta eragin handiagoa dutenez biztanleriaren nahiz estatuen jardueran, eraso zibernetikoen ondorioz «ziberterrorismo» kontzeptua erabiltzen da, izendatzeko Internet bitartez gobernuen, enpresen eta bestelako erakundeen aurka egindako eraso informatikoak. </p><p>2007ko apirilean, <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinnen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estoniako</a> hiriburuan <a href="/wiki/Armada_Gorria" title="Armada Gorria">Armada Gorriko</a> soldaduen oroimeneko estatua bat lekuz aldatu zutela eta, milaka gazte errusieradun matxinatu ziren.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Altxamenduak maiatzean zehar jarraitu zuen, baina ez kalean, baizik sarean, <a href="/wiki/Zerbitzu_ukapenaren_eraso" title="Zerbitzu ukapenaren eraso">zerbitzu ukapenaren eraso</a> masibo bat pairatu baitzuten Estoniako administrazioaren, bankuen eta egunkari askoren webguneek, <a href="/wiki/Errusiako_Federazioko_Gobernua" title="Errusiako Federazioko Gobernua">Errusiako gobernuaren</a> zerbitzuko <a href="/wiki/Delitu_informatiko" title="Delitu informatiko">pirata informatikoek</a> eraginda.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moskuk ukatu egin zuen gobernuaren edo <a href="/wiki/Segurtasunaren_Zerbitzu_Federala" title="Segurtasunaren Zerbitzu Federala">Errusiar Segurtasunaren Zerbitzu Federalaren</a> inolako inplikazioa.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indiaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistanen</a> arteko gatazka historikoa 2001az geroztik ari da gertatzen sarean, <a href="/wiki/Birus_(informatika)" title="Birus (informatika)">birus informatikoak</a> hedatuz eta aurrez aurre dauden aldeen webguneen aurkako erasoen bidez.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuetan</a>, FBIk 2007an <i>National Center for Digital Intrusion Response</i> (NCDIR) sortu zuen, hiru milioi dolarreko aurrekontuaz urtean, <a href="/wiki/Delitu_informatiko" title="Delitu informatiko">zibergaizkileen</a> arazoa tratatzeko. Xede nagusia da Estatu Batuen ziberazpiegitura babestea.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kataluniaren_independentziarako_2014ko_kontsulta" title="Kataluniaren independentziarako 2014ko kontsulta">Kataluniaren independentziarako 2014ko kontsultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kataluniako_Generalitatea" title="Kataluniako Generalitatea">Kataluniako Generalitatearen</a> webguneek zenbait eraso informatiko jasan zituzten, eta, Mas presidentearen arabera, gaixo eta errezeta elektronikoen historia klinikoak ere arriskuan jarri zituzten.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrazoiak">Arrazoiak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Arrazoiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Arrazoiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekintza terroristak hipotesi deterministen bidez azaltzea ezeztatua dago, oro har, adituen eta ikerlarien artean. Ondorioz, adostasun zabal batez onartzen da <a href="/wiki/Erantzukizun" title="Erantzukizun">erantzukizuna</a> terroristaren esku geratzen dela.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ekintza terroristen arrazoi sakonez hitz egin izan dute maiz, bereziki ideia politiko <a href="/wiki/Aurrerakoitasun" title="Aurrerakoitasun">progresistak</a> dituzten adituen. Arrazoi sakonak izan daitezke <a href="/wiki/Errepresio_politiko" title="Errepresio politiko">zapalkuntza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pobrezia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobrezia">pobrezia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gizarte_bazterketa" title="Gizarte bazterketa">bazterketa</a> eta gatazka politikoak.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frogatu gabeko beste arrazoi bat dira ekintza terroristak justifikatzen dituzten <a href="/wiki/Sinesmen" title="Sinesmen">sinesmen</a> politiko edo erlijiosoak; izan ere, haiek ez dira, besterik gabe, aski jarraitzaile bat agente terrorista bihurtzeko.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrorismoaren_alderdi_psikologikoak">Terrorismoaren alderdi psikologikoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Terrorismoaren alderdi psikologikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Terrorismoaren alderdi psikologikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fenomeno terroristaren konplexutasunagatik, ezinezkoa da ikusmolde psikologiko bakar batetik begiratzea. Bestalde, bibliografia espezializatuak teoria asko formulatu ditu, egindako azterketa enpirikoen kopuruaren aldean, neurri batean, terroristen psikologia bertatik bertara aztertzeko zailtasunagatik. </p><p>Badira, baina, gaiari buruzko erreferentziazko zenbait azterlan, besteak beste, hauek: </p> <ul><li>1979tik 1981era bitartean, <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemaniako</a> Barne Ministerioak ikerketa bat egin zuen, terrorismoan susmagarriak ziren pertsonen biografian sakontzeko (gehienak <a href="/wiki/Ezker_iraultzaile" title="Ezker iraultzaile">ezker muturrekoak</a> eta beste batzuk <a href="/wiki/Eskuin_mutur" title="Eskuin mutur">eskuin muturrekoak</a>). Espedienteak kontsultatzeaz gain, preso hartuak ziren zenbait terroristarekin elkarrizketak egin ziren. Ikerketatik ondorioztatu zen «terrorismoaren profesional» baten soslaia, bilakaera psikologiko jakin batean oinarrituta: hasierako <a href="/wiki/Zapalkuntza" title="Zapalkuntza">zapalkuntza</a> egoera (soziala edo familiarra); <a href="/wiki/Klandestinitate" title="Klandestinitate">sasiko</a> bizitza, aurreko bizitzaren alderantzizko eredu bat garatzen duena; adiskide/etsai dikotomia zurrun bat garatzea, errealitatearen zentzua galtzeraino.</li> <li>Zenbait ikerlarik eremu lanak egin dituzte terrorismoaren esparru jakin batzuetan: Martha Crenshaw, <a href="/wiki/Irlandako_Armada_Errepublikazalea" title="Irlandako Armada Errepublikazalea">IRA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinaren_Askapenerako_Erakundea" title="Palestinaren Askapenerako Erakundea">PAE</a> eta abarretako kide ohien lekuko autobiografikoetan oinarritua;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marc Sageman, batik bat <a href="/wiki/Jihadismo" title="Jihadismo">Jihadismoa</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khapta Akhmedova eta Ariel Merari, <a href="/wiki/Suizidio" title="Suizidio">terrorismo suizidari</a> buruz;<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eyad El-Sarraj, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israelen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestinaren</a> arteko gatazkaz;<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brian Barber, batez ere <a href="/wiki/Gazako_zerrenda" title="Gazako zerrenda">Gazako zerrendan</a> bildutako lekuko gazteei buruz;<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anne Speckhard, terroristek <a href="/wiki/Bahiketa" title="Bahiketa">bahitutakoen</a> lekukotzan oinarrituta;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jerrold Post, Nicholas Argo eta Yoram Schweizer, <a href="/wiki/Israeldar" title="Israeldar">israeldar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Palestinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinar">palestinarrei</a> bildutako testigantzetan oinarri hartuta.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terrorismoaren_errepresioa">Terrorismoaren errepresioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Terrorismoaren errepresioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Terrorismoaren errepresioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eztabaidagai izan dira estatu batek terroristatzat jotzen dituen pertsonei eta erakundeei aurre egiteko moduak eta tresnak. Aditu, iritzi emaile eta arduradun politiko batzuen iritziz, terrorismoaren errepresioa legezko prozedurei jarraituz soilik egin behar da, <a href="/wiki/Giza_eskubideak" title="Giza eskubideak">giza eskubideak</a> errespetatuz eta <a href="/wiki/Demokrazia" title="Demokrazia">sistema demokratikoa</a> zainduz. Beste kasu batzuetan, aldiz, estatuek legez kanpoko prozeduretara jo izan dute, indar <a href="/wiki/Parapolizia" title="Parapolizia">parapolizial</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Paramilitar" title="Paramilitar">paramilitarretara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortura" title="Tortura">tortura</a> baimentzera, giza eskubideak etetera eta <a href="/wiki/Diktadura" title="Diktadura">diktadurak</a> ezartzera. Terrorismoa erreprimitzeko prozeduren artean, iritsi izan da argudiatzera estatuak terroristatzat jotze dituenen seme-alabak bahitu eta nortasuna ezabatu beharra dagoela.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halako argudioei dagokienez, Delia Pons argentinar epaileak, 1978an, <a href="/wiki/Maiatzaren_Plazako_Amak" title="Maiatzaren Plazako Amak">Maiatzaren Plazako Amak</a> elkarteari adierazi zion estatuak terroristatzat jotako pertsonen seme-alaben gainean zuen doktrina juridikoa: </p> <table cellpadding="10" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; color: inherit; background-color:transparent; border-style:none; width:;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:2 2px;">« </td> <td>Sinetsita nago zuen seme-alabak terroristak direla, eta terrorista hiltzailearen sinonimo da. Ez zait burutik pasatzen hiltzaileei seme-alabak itzultzea, ez bailitzateke bidezkoa izango. Ez dute haiek hazteko eskubiderik. Era berean, ez dut haurrak zuei itzultzearen alde egingo. Zentzugabea da familia zintzoen esku dauden izaki horiek aztoratzea, haiek hezten jakingo baitute, zuek egiten jakin ez zenuten bezala. Nire gorpuaren gainetik pasata bakarrik eskuratu ahal izango dituzte haur horiek. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:2 2px;">» </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-top: 10px; text-align:right;font-size: 90%;">Delia Pons, Adingabeen epailea<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europar_Batasuna">Europar Batasuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Europar Batasuna»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Europar Batasuna"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2001ean, abenduan onartu zuen Europar Batasunak ekintza terroristetan inplikatutako pertsona, talde eta erakundeen zerrenda.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zerrendaren lehen bertsioan, 29 pertsona izen zeuden, horietatik 21 bat <a href="/wiki/Euskadi_Ta_Askatasuna" title="Euskadi Ta Askatasuna">ETArekin</a> lotuak. Erakundeen artean, <a href="/wiki/Euskadi_Ta_Askatasuna" title="Euskadi Ta Askatasuna">ETA</a> agertzen zen, eta «haren parte diren» <a href="/wiki/Koordinadora_Abertzale_Sozialista" title="Koordinadora Abertzale Sozialista">KAS</a>, Xaki, <a href="/wiki/Ekin_(garaikidea)" title="Ekin (garaikidea)">Ekin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarrai" title="Jarrai">Jarrai</a>-<a href="/wiki/Haika" title="Haika">Haika</a>-<a href="/wiki/Segi" title="Segi">Segi</a> (honela idatzita) eta <a href="/wiki/Amnistiaren_Aldeko_Batzordeak" title="Amnistiaren Aldeko Batzordeak">Amnistiaren Aldeko Batzordeak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geroztik, urtez urte berritu izan da zerrenda hori, eta 2022ko bertsioan,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alde batetik, ez zen euskal jatorriko inoren izenik agertzen, eta, bestetik, ETA desagertu zen erakundeen zerrendatik, baita Europako beste erakundeak ere, <a href="/wiki/Jarraipeneko_Irlandako_Armada_Errepublikazalea" title="Jarraipeneko Irlandako Armada Errepublikazalea">CIRA</a> bezala. </p><p>2004. urtean, <a href="/wiki/Europako_Kontseilua" title="Europako Kontseilua">Europako Kontseiluak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europako_Parlamentua" title="Europako Parlamentua">Europako Parlamentuaren</a> eskariz, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismoaren_Biktimen_Europako_Eguna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrorismoaren Biktimen Europako Eguna (sortu gabe)">Terrorismoaren Biktimen Europako Eguna</a> izendatu zuen martxoaren 11, egun horretan <a href="/wiki/2004ko_martxoaren_11ko_atentatuak" title="2004ko martxoaren 11ko atentatuak">Madrilen izandako atentatuak</a> gogoan.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erakunde_terrorista_ezagunak">Erakunde terrorista ezagunak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erakunde terrorista ezagunak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Erakunde terrorista ezagunak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euskal_Herrian">Euskal Herrian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Euskal Herrian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Euskal Herrian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekin_(historikoa)" title="Ekin (historikoa)">Ekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskadi_Ta_Askatasuna" title="Euskadi Ta Askatasuna">Euskadi ta Askatasuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iparretarrak" title="Iparretarrak">Iparretarrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskal_Zuzentasuna" title="Euskal Zuzentasuna">Euskal Zuzentasuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordago" title="Hordago">Hordago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrintzi_(talde_armatua)" title="Irrintzi (talde armatua)">Irrintzi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Munduan">Munduan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Munduan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Munduan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-width:30em;-webkit-column-width:30em;column-width:30em;-moz-column-gap:1em;-webkit-column-gap:1em;column-gap:1em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AAA_-_A_hirukoitza" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="AAA - A hirukoitza">AAA - A hirukoitza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Kaida" title="Al Kaida">Al Kaida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASALA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASALA (sortu gabe)">ASALA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolonbiako_Autobabes_Batuak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolonbiako Autobabes Batuak (sortu gabe)">Kolonbiako Autobabes Batuak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avanguardia_Nazionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avanguardia Nazionale (sortu gabe)">Avanguardia Nazionale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandera_Negra_(talde_armatua)" title="Bandera Negra (talde armatua)">Bandera Negra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigada_Gorriak" title="Brigada Gorriak">Brigada Gorriak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAL" title="GAL">GAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbola" title="Hezbola">Hezbola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irlandako_Armada_Errepublikazalea" title="Irlandako Armada Errepublikazalea">IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_Weerstandsbeweging" title="Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging">Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistango_Langileen_Alderdia" title="Kurdistango Langileen Alderdia">Kurdistango Langile Alderdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosaltres_Sols!" title="Nosaltres Sols!">Nosaltres Sols!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asasino" title="Asasino">Asasinoak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irail_Beltza_Erakundea" title="Irail Beltza Erakundea">Irail Beltza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Lliure" title="Terra Lliure">Terra Lliure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulsterren_Defentsarako_Elkartea" title="Ulsterren Defentsarako Elkartea">Ulsterren Defentsarako Elkartea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulsterko_Boluntarioen_Indarra" title="Ulsterko Boluntarioen Indarra">Ulsterko Boluntarioen Indarra</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bibliografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Corte Ibáñez, Luis de la (2006) <i>La lógica del terrorismo</i>. Madriol, Alianza. <small><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9788420648264" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-8420648264</a></small>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Köchler, Hans (ed.) (1988) <i>Terrorism and National Liberation. Proceedings of the International Conference on the Question of Terrorism.</i> Frankfurt/Berna/New York, Peter Lang. <small><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9783820412174" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3820412174</a></small>.</li> <li>Köchler, Hans (2002) <i>Manila Lectures 2002. Terrorism and the Quest for a Just World Order</i>. Quezon City (Manila), FSJ Book World. <small><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780971079129" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0971079129</a></small>.</li> <li>Laqueur, Walter (2003) <i>No End to War - Terrorism in the 21st century</i>, New York. <small><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9780826414354" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0826414354</a></small>.</li> <li>Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth & K. Lee Lerner, ed. (2006) <i>Terrorism: essential primary sources.</i> Thomson Gale. <small><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781414406213" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1414406213</a></small>.</li> <li>Tausch, Arno <i>Against Islamophobia: Quantitative Analyses of Global Terrorism, World Political Cycles and Center Periphery Structures</i>. <small><a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9781600215360" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1600215360</a></small>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?option=com_hiztegianbilatu&task=bilaketa&Itemid=1693&lang=eu-ES&nondik=0&zenbat=100&non=osagaiakHasi&query=terrorismo&subcMota=&pos=&usgDomain=&usgGeo=&usgBeste=&usgReg=">«Bilaketa > terrorismo»</a> <i>Euskaltzaindiaren hiztegia</i> (www.euskaltzaindia.eus) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBBC_News2005-07-26">BBC News.  (2005-07-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201092605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4716957.stm">«UN seeks definition of terrorism»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFConseil_de_l'Europe2023-05-06">Conseil de l'Europe.  (2023-05-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506133818/https://www.coe.int/fr/web/compass/war-and-terrorism">«Guerre et terrorisme - Manuel pour la pratique de l’éducation aux droits de l’homme avec les jeunes»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLay2015">Lay, Kerry.  (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117012009/http://library.college.police.uk/docs/theses/LAY-Women-as-Terrorists-2015.pdf"><i>Women as Terrorists' An Insoluble Paradox The Absurdity or The Threat?. </i></a> web.archive.org <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAstekari1983-10-29">Astekari.  (1983-10-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411150944/http://xxmendea.euskaltzaindia.eus/Corpus/testua.jsp?obra=3534&pb=0002&number=023&egilea=ASTEKARI%20&izenburua=Euzkadi%27ko%20giroa%20&urtea=1983%20&bilduma=Goiz-Argi,%201983-10-29,%20533%20zk.,%2012-14%20&formalema=lema&galdera_mota=0&testu_hitza=alkate&aurreratua=false">«Euzkadi'ko giroa»</a> <i>Goiz-Argi</i> (XX. mendeko Euskararen Corpus estatistikoa - Euskaltzaindia - web.archive.org) 533: 12-14. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFArartekoa2019-03-21">Arartekoa.  (2019-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416231233/https://www.ararteko.eus/eu/arartekoaren-erakunde-adierazpena-arrazakeria-deuseztatzeko-nazioarteko-eguna-dela-eta">«Arartekoaren erakunde-adierazpena, Arrazakeria Deuseztatzeko Nazioarteko Eguna dela eta»</a> (Dokumentu honen gaztelaniazko bertsioak «acto de terror» moldea erabiltzen du, euskarazko «izu-ekintza» elkarketaren pareko.) <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411150945/https://www.gazteaukera.euskadi.eus/webgaz00-gtxarte4/eu/contenidos/termino/_c00165/eu_a_1655/a1655.html">«Ajuria Eneko Ituna»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 1988-01-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUPV/EHU">UPV/EHU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ehu.eus/etc/gordean?bila=izu">«Egungo Testuen Corpusa (ETC) > izu»</a> <i>www.ehu.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/autor?codigo=3069520">«Luis de la Corte Ibáñez»</a> <i>Dialnet</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Ikus Luis de la Corte Ibáñez (2006), 37. or.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Ikus Luis de la Corte Ibáñez (2006), 37-38. or.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Ikus Luis de la Corte Ibáñez (2006), 38. or.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Ikus Luis de la Corte Ibáñez (2006), 39-43. or.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSess.:_1997-1998)1998-01-19">Sess.: 1997-1998), UN General Assembly (52nd.  (1998-01-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/250670"><i>Measures to eliminate international terrorism :: resolution /: adopted by the General Assembly.. </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-15)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Izenik_gabekoa-20231105093645-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-20231105093645_15-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Izenik_gabekoa-20231105093645_15-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUnited_Nations,_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime2007-06-27">United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime.  (2007-06-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070627231104/http://www.unodc.org/unodc/terrorism_definitions.html">«Definitions of Terrorism»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFClub_de_Madrid2023-01-28">Club de Madrid.  (2023-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128205142/http://summit.clubmadrid.org/">«International Summit on Democracy, Terrorism and Security»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSchmidJongman2017">Schmid, Alex P.; Jongman, A. J..  (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/998785512"><i>Political terrorism: a new guide to actors, authors, concepts, data bases, theories, & literature | WorldCat.org. </i></a> Routledge <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1351498616" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1351498616">978-1351498616</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-16)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAbdoul-Mellek2018">Abdoul-Mellek, Liliane.  (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220807183821/https://books.openedition.org/irhis/1291">«D'un choix politique de Robespierre : la Terreur»</a> <i>Robespierre. 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(2004-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546550490490721">«Research Note: Observations of suicidal terrorists in action»</a> <i>Terrorism and Political Violence</i> 16 (2): 305–327.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F09546550490490721">10.1080/09546550490490721</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0954-6553">0954-6553</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAkramKershner2013-12-18">Akram, Fares; Kershner, Isabel.  (2013-12-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409023203/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/19/world/middleeast/eyad-el-sarraj-psychiatrist-who-fought-for-rights-of-palestinians-is-dead-at-70.html">«Eyad El-Sarraj, Psychiatrist Who Fought for Palestinians’ Rights, Dies at 70»</a> <i>The New York Times</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401202102/https://peacenow.libsyn.com/44-brian-barber-seeks-words-for-gaza">«PeaceCast: #44: Brian Barber Seeks Words for Gaza»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-04-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSpeckhard2012">Speckhard, Anne.  (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books/about/Talking_to_Terrorists.html?id=N10umAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y"><i>Talking to Terrorists: Understanding the Psycho-social Motivations of Militant Jihadi Terrorists, Mass Hostage Takers, Suicide Bombers & "martyrs". </i></a> Advances Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-935866-52-7" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-935866-52-7">978-1-935866-52-7</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220630073902/https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facarticles/490/">«The Psychology of the Terrorist: An Interview with Jerrold M. Post»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2022-06-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-52">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_52-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHerreraTenembaum1990">Herrera, Matilde; Tenembaum, Ernesto.  (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.cu/books?id=rsHcAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><i>Identidad: despojo y restitución. </i></a> Editorial Contrapunto <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuropako_Kontseilua2023-05-12">Europako Kontseilua.  (2023-05-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512003006/https://www.consilium.europa.eu/es/policies/fight-against-terrorism/terrorist-list/">«Lista de terroristas de la UE»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230511142615/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02001E0931-20160927">«Posición común del Consejo, de 27 de diciembre de 2001, sobre la aplicación de medidas específicas de lucha contra el terrorismo»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2001-12-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2022/152/oj">«Council Decision (CFSP) 2022/152 of 3 February 2022 updating the list of persons, groups and entities subject to Articles 2, 3 and 4 of Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism, and repealing Decision (CFSP) 2021/1192»</a> <i>eur-lex.europa.eu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/remembering-victims-terrorism-growing-stronger-together_en?s=175">«Remembering Victims of Terrorism: growing stronger together | EEAS»</a> <i>www.eeas.europa.eu</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTausch2007">Tausch, Arno.  (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.es/books?id=UpKIAWfidLAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=es#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Against Islamophobia: Quantitative Analyses of Global Terrorism, World Political Cycles and Center Periphery Structures. </i></a> Nova Publishers <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-1-60021-536-0" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-1-60021-536-0">978-1-60021-536-0</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-07-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-width:30em;-webkit-column-width:30em;column-width:30em;-moz-column-gap:1em;-webkit-column-gap:1em;column-gap:1em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Kaida" title="Al Kaida">Al Kaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigada_Gorriak" title="Brigada Gorriak">Brigada Gorriak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskadi_Ta_Askatasuna" title="Euskadi Ta Askatasuna">Euskadi ta Askatasuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estatu_Islamikoa" title="Estatu Islamikoa">Irakeko eta Levanteko Estatu Islamikoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004ko_martxoaren_11ko_atentatuak" title="2004ko martxoaren 11ko atentatuak">2004ko martxoaren 11ko Madrilgo atentatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atochako_sarraskia" title="Atochako sarraskia">Atochako sarraskia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandera_faltsuko_operazio" title="Bandera faltsuko operazio">Bandera faltsuko operazioa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorismoaren_aurkako_gerra" title="Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra">Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atentatu" title="Atentatu">Atentatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasunaren_ustezko_erakunde_terroristak" class="mw-redirect" title="Europar Batasunaren ustezko erakunde terroristak">Europar Batasunaren ustezko erakunde terroristak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borroka_armatu" title="Borroka armatu">Borroka armatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biolentzia_politiko" title="Biolentzia politiko">Biolentzia politikoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurjentzia" title="Insurjentzia">Insurjentzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorismoaren_goratze" title="Terrorismoaren goratze">Terrorismoaren goratze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorismoaren_aurkako_gerra" title="Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra">Terrorismoaren aurkako gerra</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrorismo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329194905/https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism">Our World in Data: Terrorism</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.argia.eus/argia-astekaria/1541/euskal-irudia-munduan-terrorismo-diskurtsoaren-baitan-birziklatzen-da">Joseba Zulaika: «Euskal irudia munduan terrorismo diskurtsoaren baitan birziklatzen da»</a>. <a href="/wiki/Argia_(aldizkaria)" title="Argia (aldizkaria)">Argia</a>, 1995eko uztailaren 30a.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px 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#a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q7283">Q7283</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Terrorism">Terrorism</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q7283%22">Q7283</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX524521">XX524521</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13340858f">13340858f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13340858f">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4059534-1">4059534-1</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85134112">sh85134112</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572904">00572904</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116439">ph116439</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10641550">10641550</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300055313">300055313</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/017353">017353</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/terrorism">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Bilduma digitalak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Virtual_de_Prensa_Hist%C3%B3rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica (sortu gabe)">BVPH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/consulta_aut/registro.cmd?id=1009872">1009872</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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