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data-tiara-action-name="헤드인쇄_클릭" data-tiara="인쇄하기"> <span class="ico_view">인쇄하기</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="news_view fs_type1" data-cloud="article_body"> <div id="layerTranslateNotice" style="display:none;"></div> <div class="article_view" data-translation-body="true" data-tiara-layer="article_body" data-tiara-action-name="본문이미지확대_클릭"> <section dmcf-sid="iGXhV5Wx2j"> <p dmcf-pid="irVNOUZROJ" dmcf-ptype="general">(도쿄=연합뉴스) 이충원 특파원 = 국제 학계가 질량을 재는 기본 단위인 '킬로그램(㎏)'의 정의를 바꾸기로 했다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="ibRDigtSJ2" dmcf-ptype="general">22일 아사히신문 등 일본 언론에 따르면 21일 프랑스 파리 근교에서 열린 국제도량형 총회에서 120년 이상 킬로그램의 정의로 사용된 '국제 킬로그램 원기(原器.질량 원기)'를 폐지하고, 새로운 정의를 도입한다는 방침을 정했다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="irBsQpHqnN" dmcf-ptype="general">인류가 근대에 도입한 길이나 시간 등의 기준은 이미 수차례 바뀌었고, 마지막으로 남아있던 질량 기준마저 역사적 사명을 다한 셈이다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="idTR87xq84" dmcf-ptype="general">질량 원기는 파리 근교 세브르의 국제도량형국(BIPM) 삼중 금고에 보관돼 있다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="iX3cYW5ehy" dmcf-ptype="general">백금(90%)과 이리듐(10%)을 섞어 만든 가로·세로 각 39㎜의 원기둥이다. 원래 1㎏은 '4℃의 물 1ℓ의 질량'이라고 정의했지만, 물의 밀도가 불안정하다는 점 때문에 1889년 미터 조약에서 1㎏에 해당하는 질량 원기를 정했다. 프랑스 이외의 나라들은 원기를 복제해 만든 부원기(副原器)로 ㎏을 측정했지만, 영국과 미국은 여전히 '파운드'를 쓰고 있다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="i2wN0xPyl6" dmcf-ptype="general">질량 원기를 바꾸기로 한 것은 무게가 1억분의 6 정도 변했기 때문이다. 원기를 닦거나 다른 부원기와 비교하는 동안 가벼워졌다는 것이다. 이 정도면 실생활에서는 차이가 없어도 극도의 정확도를 추구하는 현대 물리학에선 문제가 된다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="iBw4dF430L" dmcf-ptype="general">이에 따라 질량의 기준을 좀 더 안정적인 것으로 바꿔야 한다는 논의가 일어났다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="ipPXY62Mmi" dmcf-ptype="general">지금까지 제시된 대안은 크게 두 가지다. 첫째는 순도가 높은 1㎏짜리 실리콘 구를 만든 뒤 그 원자 수를 세어 이를 질량으로 환산하자는 것이다. 실리콘은 반도체 재료로 연구가 진행됐고, 순수하고 큰 결정을 만들기 쉽다는 게 장점이다. 미국과 영국, 독일, 일본 등이 원자 수를 얼마나 정확히 셀 수 있을지 경쟁하고 있다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="i1kQNwMGH7" dmcf-ptype="general">둘째는 매우 정밀한 저울을 만들어 질량을 재자는 것이다. 미국과 영국 등이 연구하고 있다. 새로운 질량 기준을 정하는데 10년 정도 걸릴 것으로 예상된다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="iLgP49eIuK" dmcf-ptype="general">길이와 시간의 기준도 계속 변해왔다. 길이(1m)는 18세기 말 '지구 자오선 길이의 4천만분의 1'로 정의했지만, 1889년 1m를 정의하는 국제 미터 원기를 도입했다. 1960년에는 원자가 방출하는 빛의 파장을 사용해 정의했다가 1983년 광속에 근거한 새로운 정의를 도입했다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="ix3n3pjKx6" dmcf-ptype="general">시간(1초)의 정의는 18세기 말까지 '하루의 8만6천400분의1'이라고 했다가 1960년 '1년의 3천155만6천925.9747분의 1'이라고 변경했고, 현재는 전자파의 주기를 사용해 규정하고 있다.</p> <p dmcf-pid="i1i4k1sIlV" dmcf-ptype="general">chungwon@yna.co.kr</p> <p dmcf-pid="iT0LkESIq4" dmcf-ptype="general"> <span>< 연합뉴스 모바일앱 다운받기 ></span><span>< 포토 매거진 ></span>< 저작권자(c)연합뉴스. 무단전재-재배포금지. ></p> </section> </div> <p class="" data-translation="true">Copyright © 연합뉴스. 무단전재 -재배포, AI 학습 및 활용 금지</p> </div> <div class="viewrelate_wrap" data-cloud="newsview_pc_related_news"> <div class="viewrelate_tit"> <strong class="tit_viewrelate">연합뉴스에서 직접 확인하세요.</strong> <span class="txt_viewrelate">해당 언론사로 이동합니다.</span> </div> <ul class="list_viewrelate" data-tiara-ordnum-layer data-tiara-layer="media_related_news" data-tiara-action-name="본문아웃링크_클릭" data-tiara-action-kind="ClickContent"> <li> <a href="https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20241124027000002?input=feed_daum" class="link_txt" target="_blank" data-type="rss" 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