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href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latim_tardio&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Editar</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>"<b>Latim tardio</b>" (latim: <i>Latinitas serior</i>) se refere à forma do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim">latim</a> literário da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiguidade_tardia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguidade tardia">antiguidade tardia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts537_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Roberts537-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> De acordo com algumas definições, tal período começa no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século III">século III</a> e termina no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século VI">século VI</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> indo até o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_VII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Século VII">século VII</a> na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Península Ibérica">Península Ibérica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts537_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Roberts537-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Esta versão relativamente ambígua do latim é usada para definir o período transitório entre o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_cl%C3%A1ssico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim clássico">latim clássico</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_medieval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim medieval">latim medieval</a>. Acadêmicos não possuem um consenso a respeito de quando exatamente termina o latim clássico e começa o latim medieval.</p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em; margin-top:0.75em; background:#f9f9f9; text-align:left; font-size: 90%" cellpadding="2" align="right" width="295"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="font-size:120%; text-align: center; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9">Latim tardio<p style="font-size:smaller; font-style:italic;"><span lang="la">Latinitas serior</span></p></th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Falado(a) em:</td> <td colspan="1" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Romano">Império Romano</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano_Ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Império Romano Ocidental">Ocidental</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_Ostrogodo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reino Ostrogodo">Reino Ostrogodo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_G%C3%A1lico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Império Gálico">Império Gálico</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="top; padding-left: 0.5em;">Região:</td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">região do <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mare_Nostrum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mare Nostrum">Mare Nostrum</a></i></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">Extinção:</td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">século VI</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_lingu%C3%ADstica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Família linguística">Família</a>:</td> <td colspan="2" valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_indo-europeias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Línguas indo-europeias">Indo-europeu</a><br>  <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_it%C3%A1licas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Línguas itálicas">Itálico</a><br>   <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_antigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim antigo">Latim antigo</a><br>    <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_cl%C3%A1ssico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim clássico">Latim clássico</a><br>     <b>Latim tardio</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escrita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escrita">Escrita</a>:</td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabeto_latino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabeto latino">Alfabeto latino</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; padding-left: 0.5em; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9">Códigos de língua</th> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1:</td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>--</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;">ISO 639-2:</td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><code>---</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Como se trata de uma língua escrita, latim tardio não é o mesmo que <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_vulgar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim vulgar">latim vulgar</a>, o ancestral das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_latinas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Línguas latinas">línguas latinas</a>. Apesar de refletir um aumento do uso do vocabulário e construtos do latim vulgar, o latim tardio é em grande parte clássico quanto às suas características gerais, dependendo de qual autor o utiliza. Alguns escritos em latim tardio são mais literários e clássicos, enquanto outros tendem mais ao vernáculo. Além disso, o latim tardio não é idêntico ao latim cristão patrístico, usado nas obras teológicas dos primeiros <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pais_da_Igreja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pais da Igreja">Pais da Igreja</a>. Embora alguns escritos cristãos da época utilizem uma variação do latim tardio, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pag%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagão">pagãos</a> tais como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amiano_Marcelino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amiano Marcelino">Amiano Marcelino</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macr%C3%B3bio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macróbio">Macróbio</a> também possuem obras em latim tardio, principalmente das primeiras partes do período.</p> <p>O latim tardio surgiu numa época em que grandes quantidades de povos que não falavam latim às fronteiras do império estavam sendo absorvidos e assimilados, enquanto a ascensão do cristianismo introduzia uma divisão acentuada na sociedade romana, criando uma necessidade maior de uma língua padrão para comunicação entre diferentes <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Registro_(lingu%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Registro (linguística)">registros</a> socioeconômicos e regiões muito separadas uma da outra no império em expansão. Uma fala nova e mais universal evoluiu dos principais elementos: latim clássico, latim cristão, que incluía o <i>sermo humilis</i> (fala comum) no qual as pessoas se referiam<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> e todos os vários dialetos do latim vulgar.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O linguista <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoine_Meillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoine Meillet">Antoine Meillet</a> escreveu:</p> <blockquote> <p>"Sem sua aparência exterior mudar muito, o latim tornou-se, no curso da época imperial, um novo idioma... Servindo como uma espécie de língua franca a um grande império, o latim tendia à simplificação, para manter, acima de tudo, o que tinha de trivial."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </blockquote> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Índice</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Exemplos_de_autores_que_escreviam_em_latim_tardio"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Exemplos de autores que escreviam em latim tardio</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ver_tamb%C3%A9m"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Ver também</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notas"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Notas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%AAncias"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Referências</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_externas"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Ligações externas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Exemplos_de_autores_que_escreviam_em_latim_tardio">Exemplos de autores que escreviam em latim tardio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latim_tardio&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Exemplos de autores que escreviam em latim tardio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg/220px-Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3786" data-file-height="5422"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 315px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg/220px-Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="315" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg/330px-Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg/440px-Statua_di_Costantino_ai_musei_capitolini.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantino">Constantino</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Decimus_Magnus_Ausonius.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Decimus_Magnus_Ausonius.jpg/220px-Decimus_Magnus_Ausonius.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="323"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 242px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Decimus_Magnus_Ausonius.jpg/220px-Decimus_Magnus_Ausonius.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="242" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Decimus_Magnus_Ausonius.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aus%C3%B4nio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ausônio">Ausônio</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg/220px-9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1087"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 189px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg/220px-9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg/330px-9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg/440px-9764_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Ambrogio_-_Medaglione_con_S._Ambrogio_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_25-Apr-2007.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambr%C3%B3sio_de_Mediolano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrósio de Mediolano">Ambrósio de Mediolano</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulpiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulpiano">Domício Ulpiano</a> (170–228), jurista, funcionário público</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Censorino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Censorino">Censorino</a> (século III), historiador, ensaísta</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tertuliano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tertuliano">Tertuliano</a> (160–220), "o pai do Cristianismo Latino", <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polemista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Polemista">polemista</a> contrário à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heresia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heresia">heresia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cipriano_de_Cartago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cipriano de Cartago">Cipriano de Cartago</a> (200–258), retórico convertido, bispo de Cartago, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A1rtir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mártir">mártir</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santo">santo</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novaciano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novaciano">Novaciano</a> (200–258), teólogo, papal rival, excomungado</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quinto_Sereno_Sammonico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quinto Sereno Sammonico">Quinto Sereno Sammonico</a> (século II, início do século III), acadêmico, educador</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comodiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comodiano">Comodiano</a> (século III), poeta, educador cristão</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lact%C3%A2ncio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lactâncio">Lactâncio</a> (240–320), retórico convertido, acadêmico, apologista cristão e educador</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amiano_Marcelino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amiano Marcelino">Amiano Marcelino</a> (século IV), soldado, funcionário público, historiador</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claudiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claudiano">Claudiano</a> (século IV), poeta da corte</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solino">Gaio Júlio Solino </a> (século III ou IV), escritor tópico</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81quila_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Áquila Romano">Áquila Romano</a> (século III), retórico</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lio_Festo_Aft%C3%B4nio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élio Festo Aftônio">Élio Festo Aftônio</a> (século III ou IV), gramático</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calc%C3%ADdio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calcídio">Calcídio</a> (século IV), tradutor</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arn%C3%B3bio_de_Sica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arnóbio de Sica">Arnóbio de Sica</a> (século IV), apologista cristão</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantino">Constantino</a> (272–337), primeiro imperador cristão</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juvenco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juvenco">Juvenco</a> (século IV), poeta cristão</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_F%C3%ADrmico_Materno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Júlio Fírmico Materno">Júlio Fírmico Materno</a> (século IV), convertido, escritor pagão e cristão</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lio_Donato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élio Donato">Élio Donato</a> (século IV), gramático, retórico, educador</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexto_Aur%C3%A9lio_V%C3%ADtor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sexto Aurélio Vítor">Sexto Aurélio Vítor</a> (320–390), funcionário público, historiador</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eutr%C3%B3pio_(historiador)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eutrópio (historiador)">Eutrópio</a> (século IV), funcionário público, historiador</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aus%C3%B4nio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ausônio">Ausônio</a> (c. 310 – 395), poeta, retórico, educador, amigo da família imperial</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cl%C3%A1udio_Mamertino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cláudio Mamertino">Cláudio Mamertino</a> (século IV), funcionário público, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paneg%C3%ADrico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panegírico">panegiricista</a>, estelionatário</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hil%C3%A1rio_de_Poitiers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hilário de Poitiers">Hilário de Poitiers</a> (século IV), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neoplatonismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neoplatonismo">neoplatonista</a> convertido, teólogo, bispo de Poitiers, santo</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambr%C3%B3sio_de_Mediolano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrósio de Mediolano">Ambrósio de Mediolano</a> (337/340–397), teólogo, bispo de Milão, santo</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%BAcifer_(bispo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúcifer (bispo)">Lúcifer de Cagliari</a> (d. 370/371), teólogo, bispo de Sardenha</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prisciliano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prisciliano">Prisciliano</a> (d. 385), teólogo, primeira pessoa executada como herege</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avieno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avieno">Avieno</a> (século IV), funcionário público, poeta, tradutor</li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prisciano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prisciano">Prisciano</a> (<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floruit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Floruit">fl.</a></i> 500), gramático</li> </ul> <p>período.</p> <p><br></p> <p>escreveu:</p> <blockquote></blockquote> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latim_tardio&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Decl%C3%ADnio_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Declínio do Império Romano">Declínio do Império Romano</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latim_tardio&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Notas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Roberts537-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Roberts537_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Roberts537_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts (1996), p. 537.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">«Late Latin». <i>Webster's Third New International Dictionary</i>. II, H to R. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1961</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.atitle=Late+Latin&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Third+New+International+Dictionary&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">«Late Latin». <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i> 3ª ed. Boston, Nova Iorque, Londres: Houghton Mifflin Company</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.atitle=Late+Latin&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=3%AA&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Boston%2C+Nova+Iorque%2C+Londres&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Auerbach (1958), Capítulo 1, <i>Sermo Humilis</i>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harrington, Karl Pomeroy; Pucci, Joseph Michael (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DReCp978iiA8C%26pg%3DPA67"><i>Mediaeval Latin</i></a> 2ª ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 67. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-226-31713-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-226-31713-7">0-226-31713-7</a>. <q>The combination of features specific to <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_vulgar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim vulgar">Vulgar Latin</a> and <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_eclesi%C3%A1stico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim eclesiástico">Ecclesiastical Latin</a> had the effect, then, of transforming the language by the fourth century into something of extraordinary vigor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.au=Pucci%2C+Joseph+Michael&rft.aufirst=Karl+Pomeroy&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.btitle=Mediaeval+Latin&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=2%AA&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-226-31713-7&rft.pages=67&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DReCp978iiA8C%26pg%3DPA67&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Meillet (1928), p. 270: "Sans que l'aspect extérieur de la langue se soit beaucoup modifié, le Latin est devenu au cours de l'epoque impériale une langue nouvelle."</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_tardio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Meillet (1928), p. 273: "Servant en quelque sorte de lingua franca à un grand empire, le Latin a tendu à se simplifier, à garder surtout ce qu'il avait de banal."</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referências"><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latim_tardio&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Referências" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation book">Auerbach, Erich (1965) [1958]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/literarylanguage0000auer_o1q3"><i>Literary Language and its Public in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages</i></a>. Col: Bollingen Series LXXIV. Trans. Ralph Mannheim. [S.l.]: Pantheon Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft.aulast=Auerbach&rft.btitle=Literary+Language+and+its+Public+in+Late+Latin+Antiquity+and+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.date=1965&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.series=Bollingen+Series+LXXIV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliterarylanguage0000auer_o1q3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Meillet, Antoine (1928). <i>Esquisse d'une Histoire de la Langue Latine</i> (em francês). Paris: Hachette</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft.aulast=Meillet&rft.btitle=Esquisse+d%27une+Histoire+de+la+Langue+Latine&rft.date=1928&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Hachette&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Roberts, Michael (1996). «The Latin Literature of Late Antiquity». In: Anthony, Frank; Mantello, Carl; Rigg, A.G. <i>Medieval Latin: an introduction and bibliographical guide</i>. [S.l.]: Catholic University of America Press. pp. 537–546</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.atitle=The+Latin+Literature+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.btitle=Medieval+Latin%3A+an+introduction+and+bibliographical+guide&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=537-546&rft.pub=Catholic+University+of+America+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Teuffel, Wilhelm Sigismund; Schwabe, Ludwig (1892). <i>Teuffel's History of Roman Literature Revised and Enlarged</i>. II, The Imperial Period. Trans. George C.W. Warr from the 5th German ed. London: George Bell & Sons</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.au=Schwabe%2C+Ludwig&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm+Sigismund&rft.aulast=Teuffel&rft.btitle=Teuffel%27s+History+of+Roman+Literature+Revised+and+Enlarged&rft.date=1892&rft.edition=from+the+5th+German&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Bell+%26+Sons&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latim_tardio&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li>Adams, J. N., Nigel Vincent e Valerie Knight. 2016. <i>Early and Late Latin: Continuity Or Change?</i> Cambridge, Reino Unido: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781107132252?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781107132252">9781107132252</a></li> <li>Courcelle, Pierre. 1969. <i>Late Latin Writers and Their Greek Sources.</i> Traduzido por Harry Wedeck. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.</li> <li>Elsner, Jaś e Jesús Hernández Lobato. 2017. <i>The poetaics of Late Latin Literature.</i> New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0199355631?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0199355631">978-0199355631</a></li> <li>Langslow, D. R. 2006. <i>The Latin Alexander Trallianus: The Text and Transmission of a Late Latin Medical Book.</i> London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780907764328?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780907764328">9780907764328</a></li> <li>Löfstedt, Einar. 1959. <i>Late Latin.</i> Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.</li> <li>Scarpanti, Edoardo. 2012. <i>Saggi linguistici sul latino volgare.</i> Mantova: Universitas Studiorum. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9788833690087?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9788833690087">9788833690087</a></li> <li>Wright, Roger. 1982. <i>Late Latin and Early Romance in Spain and Carolingian France.</i> Liverpool, UK: Francis Cairns. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/090520512X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-905205-12-X</a></li> <li>——. 2003. <i>A sociophilological study of Late Latin.</i> Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-2-503-51338-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-2-503-51338-6">978-2-503-51338-6</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latim_tardio&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/christian.html">«Christian Latin»</a> (em latim). The Latin Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de outubro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.btitle=Christian+Latin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Latin+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelatinlibrary.com%2Fchristian.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Du Cange, Charles du Fresne (2009) [1710]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/ducange.html"><i>Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae Latinitatis</i></a>. Francofurti ad Moenum: apud Johannem Adamum Jungium, CAMENA - Corpus Automatum Multiplex Electorum Neolatinitatis Auctorum, University of Heidelberg</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.aufirst=Charles+du+Fresne&rft.aulast=Du+Cange&rft.btitle=Glossarium+ad+scriptores+mediae+et+infimae+Latinitatis&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Francofurti+ad+Moenum&rft.pub=apud+Johannem+Adamum+Jungium%2C+CAMENA+-+Corpus+Automatum+Multiplex+Electorum+Neolatinitatis+Auctorum%2C+University+of+Heidelberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uni-mannheim.de%2Fmateo%2Fcamenaref%2Fducange.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/">«du Cange, le Glossarium: en ligne»</a> (em francês). École nationale des Chartres. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.btitle=du+Cange%2C+le+Glossarium%3A+en+ligne&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%C3%89cole+nationale+des+Chartres&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fducange.enc.sorbonne.fr%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/25_90_1610-1688-_Du_Cange_C.html">«Glossarium Mediae et Infimae Latinitatis»</a> (em latim). Documenta Catholica Omnia. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ALatim+tardio&rft.btitle=Glossarium+Mediae+et+Infimae+Latinitatis&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Documenta+Catholica+Omnia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentacatholicaomnia.eu%2F25_90_1610-1688-_Du_Cange_C.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> <p><br clear="all"></p> <table align="center" id="toc"> <tbody> <tr align="center"> <th bgcolor="#ccccff" colspan="8"> <div style="text-align:center; position:relative; white-space:nowrap;"> Eras do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim">latim</a> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position:absolute; right:0; top:0; margin:0 5px;"> <ul> <li class="nv-ver"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Per%C3%ADodos_do_latim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Predefinição:Períodos do latim"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-discutir"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Per%C3%ADodos_do_latim&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Períodos do latim (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPredefini%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o:Per%25C3%25ADodos_do_latim%26action%3Dedit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td></td> <td><i>—75 a.C.</i>   </td> <td><i>75 a.C. – 200</i>   </td> <td><i>200 – 900</i>   </td> <td><i>900 – 1300</i>   </td> <td><i>1300 – 1500</i>   </td> <td><i>1500 – presente</i>  </td> <td><i>1900 – presente</i></td> </tr> <tr align="center" valign="top"> <td></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_antigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim antigo">Latim antigo</a>   </td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_cl%C3%A1ssico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim clássico">Latim clássico</a><i>   </i></td> <td><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latim tardio</a></i>   </td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_medieval?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim medieval">Latim medieval</a>   </td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latim_renascentista&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Latim renascentista (página não existe)">Latim renascentista</a>  </td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neolatim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neolatim">Neolatim</a>   </td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_contempor%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim contemporâneo">Latim contemporâneo</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background: #EEE; font-size: smaller;" align="center" colspan="8">Ver também: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hist%C3%B3ria_do_latim&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="História do latim (página não existe)">História do latim</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literatura_latina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literatura latina">literatura latina</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_vulgar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim vulgar">latim vulgar</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim_eclesi%C3%A1stico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim eclesiástico">latim eclesiástico</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_rom%C3%A2nicas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Línguas românicas">línguas românicas</a>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum</a></i></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" 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class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Línguas</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9" title="لاتينية متأخرة — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاتينية متأخرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llat%25C3%25AD_tard%25C3%25A0" title="Llatí tardà — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llatí tardà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%25C3%25A4tlatein" title="Spätlatein — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spätlatein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Late Latin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%25C3%25ADn_tard%25C3%25ADo" title="Latín tardío — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Latín tardío" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilisladina_keel" title="Hilisladina keel — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hilisladina keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25D9%25BE%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="لاتین پسین — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتین پسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_latin" title="Bas latin — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bas latin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%25C3%25ADn_tard%25C3%25ADo" title="Latín tardío — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Latín tardío" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senlatin" title="Senlatin — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Senlatin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_t%25C3%25A2rzie" title="Latina târzie — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Latina târzie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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