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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Classical era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Han_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Han_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Han dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Han_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wei_and_Jin_dynasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wei_and_Jin_dynasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Wei and Jin dynasties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wei_and_Jin_dynasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Wei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Wei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Northern Wei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Wei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sui_and_Tang_dynasties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sui_and_Tang_dynasties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Sui and Tang dynasties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sui_and_Tang_dynasties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Later history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>People's Republic of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>UNESCO World Heritage Site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_city_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_city_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ancient city sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_city_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2021_administrative_reorganization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_administrative_reorganization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>2021 administrative reorganization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_administrative_reorganization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Subway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Luoyang</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA" title="لويانغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويانغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82" title="লুওইয়াং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুওইয়াং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%CC%8Dk-i%C3%B4ng-chh%C4%AB" title="Lo̍k-iông-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lo̍k-iông-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Лаян – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лаян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Луоян – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луоян" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ལུའོ་དབྱང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལུའོ་དབྱང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo-jang" title="Luo-jang – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Luo-jang" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Λουογιάνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουογιάνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%ADojango" title="Lŭojango – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lŭojango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لوئویانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئویانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A4%84%EC%96%91%EC%8B%9C" title="뤄양시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뤄양시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Լոյան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոյան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="लुओयांग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लुओयांग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Лоян – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лоян" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95-%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92" title="לוו-יאנג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוו-יאנג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლოიანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლოიანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Лоян шаары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лоян шаары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luojana" title="Luojana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Luojana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luojangas" title="Luojangas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Luojangas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lojang" title="Lojang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lojang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Луојанг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луојанг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%8Fk-i%C3%B2ng" title="Lŏk-iòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lŏk-iòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B6%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="လွော်ယံမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လွော်ယံမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%99%BD%E5%B8%82" title="洛陽市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="洛陽市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyan" title="Loyan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Loyan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Лоян – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лоян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luojang" title="Luojang – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Luojang" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لوۆیانگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لوۆیانگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Луојанг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луојанг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="இலுவோயங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலுவோயங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ลั่วหยาง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลั่วหยาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Лоян – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лоян" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لوویانگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوویانگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%DA%AD_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="لوياڭ شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لوياڭ شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1c_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Lạc Dương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lạc Dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%99%BD" title="洛陽 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="洛陽" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Luoyang" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3" title="洛阳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="洛阳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%99%BD" title="洛陽 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="洛陽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%B8%82" title="洛阳市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="洛阳市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187136#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luoyang&params=34.6197_N_112.4539_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-HA-03_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°37′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°27′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.6197°N 112.4539°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.6197; 112.4539</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Henan, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Luoyang_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Luoyang (disambiguation)">Luoyang (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the old city, see <a href="/wiki/The_Old_City_of_Luoyang" class="mw-redirect" title="The Old City of Luoyang">The Old City of Luoyang</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level city in Henan, People's Republic of China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Luoyang</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">洛阳市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Loyang</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg/126px-Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg/189px-Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg/252px-Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:27467-Luoyang_(49085730123).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/27467-Luoyang_%2849085730123%29.jpg/250px-27467-Luoyang_%2849085730123%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/27467-Luoyang_%2849085730123%29.jpg/330px-27467-Luoyang_%2849085730123%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1929" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="border:1;;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mudan_7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mudan_7.JPG/120px-Mudan_7.JPG" decoding="async" width="117" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Mudan_7.JPG/250px-Mudan_7.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div><i><a href="/wiki/Paeonia_suffruticosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeonia suffruticosa">Mudan</a></i> in Luoyang</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div style="border:1;;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baiyun_montain,luoyang2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Baiyun_montain%2Cluoyang2.jpg/250px-Baiyun_montain%2Cluoyang2.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Baiyun_montain%2Cluoyang2.jpg/330px-Baiyun_montain%2Cluoyang2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="658" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Baiyun_Mountain_(Henan)" title="Baiyun Mountain (Henan)">Baiyun Mountain</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChinaHenanLuoyang.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Luoyang City jurisdiction in Henan"><img alt="Location of Luoyang City jurisdiction in Henan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ChinaHenanLuoyang.png/250px-ChinaHenanLuoyang.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ChinaHenanLuoyang.png/500px-ChinaHenanLuoyang.png 1.5x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Luoyang City jurisdiction in Henan</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Luoyang is located in Northern China"><img alt="Luoyang is located in Northern China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png/250px-China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png/500px-China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1461" data-file-height="1248" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.716%;left:47.27%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Luoyang"><img alt="Luoyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Luoyang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location on the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Northern China</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luoyang is located in China"><img alt="Luoyang is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.644%;left:64.093%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Luoyang"><img alt="Luoyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Luoyang</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Luoyang (China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Luoyang municipal government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Luoyang&params=34.6197_N_112.4539_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-HA-03_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°37′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">112°27′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.6197°N 112.4539°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.6197; 112.4539</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Province_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province (China)">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luolong District">Luolong District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Party Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Li_Ya_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Li Ya (politician) (page does not exist)">Li Ya</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Wankang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liu Wankang (page does not exist)">Liu Wankang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">15,229.15 km<sup>2</sup> (5,880.01 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">810.4 km<sup>2</sup> (312.9 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,402.3 km<sup>2</sup> (541.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">144 m (472 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census, 2018 for otherwise)<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,056,699</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">460/km<sup>2</sup> (1,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,249,300</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,800/km<sup>2</sup> (7,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,751,400</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,000/km<sup>2</sup> (5,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 382.0 billion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 57.5 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 56,410<br />US$ 8,493</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">379</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-HA-03</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">Ethnicities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongolian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">County-level divisions</th><td class="infobox-data">15</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/License_Plate_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="License Plate (China)">License plate prefixes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%AB" class="extiw" title="wikt:豫">豫</a>C</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ly.gov.cn">www<wbr />.ly<wbr />.gov<wbr />.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B4%9B%E9%82%91%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%E6%B4%9B%E9%82%91%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.jpg/220px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%82%91%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%E6%B4%9B%E9%82%91%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.jpg/330px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%82%91%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/%E6%B4%9B%E9%82%91%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.jpg/440px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%82%91%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1618" /></a><figcaption>Luoyang at night</figcaption></figure><p><b>Luoyang</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">洛阳</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">洛陽</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Luòyáng</span></i>) is a city located in the confluence area of the <a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Henan)" title="Luo River (Henan)">Luo River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> in the west of <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> province, China. Governed as a <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a>, it borders the provincial capital of <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a> to the northeast. As of December 31, 2018, Luoyang had a population of 6,888,500 inhabitants with 2,751,400 people living in the built-up (or metro) area made of the city's five out of six urban districts (except the <a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District">Jili District</a> not continuously urbanized) and <a href="/wiki/Yanshi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi District">Yanshi District</a>, now being conurbated.<sup id="cite_ref-citypopulation.de_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citypopulation.de-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 2022, Luoyang Municipality had jurisdiction over 7 municipal districts, 7 counties and 1 development zone. The permanent population is 7.079 million.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Situated on the <a href="/wiki/Central_Plain_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Plain (China)">central plain</a> of China, Luoyang is among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities#East_Asia" title="List of oldest continuously inhabited cities">oldest cities in China</a> and one of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">cradles of Chinese civilization</a>. It is the earliest of the <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Four Great Ancient Capitals of China</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Luoyang" title="Special:EditPage/Luoyang">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The name "Luoyang" originates from the city's location on the north or sunny (<a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang#Toponymy" title="Yin and yang">"yang"</a>) side of the <a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Henan)" title="Luo River (Henan)">Luo River</a>. Since the river flows from west to east and the sun is to the south of the river, the sun always shines on the north side of the river. Luoyang has had several names over the centuries, including <b>Luoyi</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洛邑</span></span>) and <b>Luozhou</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洛州</span></span>), but Luoyang has been its primary name. It has also been called <b>Dongdu</b> (<span lang="zh-Hant">東都</span>; 'eastern capital') during the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, <b>Xijing</b> (<span lang="zh">西京</span>; 'western capital') during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, or <b>Jingluo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">京洛</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'capital Luo'). During the rule of <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Wu Zetian</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/Empress_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress regnant">female emperor</a> in Chinese history, the city was known as <b>Shendu</b> (<span lang="zh">神都</span>; 'divine capital'). Luoyang was renamed <b>Henanfu</b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">河南府</span></span>) during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> but regained its former name in 1912. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_era">Classical era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classical era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%AD.jpg/250px-%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%AD.jpg/330px-%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%AD.jpg/500px-%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90%E9%A9%BE%E5%85%AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Museum of Luoyang Eastern Zhou Royal Horse and Chariot Pits</figcaption></figure> <p>Several cities – all of which are generally referred to as "Luoyang" – have been built in this area. In 2070 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia dynasty</a> king <a href="/wiki/Tai_Kang" title="Tai Kang">Tai Kang</a> moved the Xia capital to the intersection of the Luo and Yi and named the city <a href="/wiki/Zhenxun" title="Zhenxun">Zhenxun</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">斟鄩</span></span>). In 1600 BC, <a href="/wiki/Tang_of_Shang" title="Tang of Shang">Tang of Shang</a> defeated <a href="/wiki/Jie_of_Xia" title="Jie of Xia">Jie</a>, the final Xia dynasty king, and built Western Bo, (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">西亳</span></span>), a new capital on the Luo River. The ruins of Western Bo are located in Luoyang Prefecture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1036 BC a settlement named Chengzhou (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">成周</span></span>) was constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Zhou" title="Duke of Zhou">Duke of Zhou</a> for the remnants of the captured <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> nobility. The Duke also moved the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Tripod_Cauldrons" title="Nine Tripod Cauldrons">Nine Tripod Cauldrons</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chengzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengzhou">Chengzhou</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> capital at <a href="/wiki/Haojing" title="Haojing">Haojing</a>. A second Western Zhou capital, <a href="/wiki/Wangcheng_(Zhou_dynasty)" title="Wangcheng (Zhou dynasty)">Wangcheng</a> (also: Luoyi) was built 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Chengzhou. Wangcheng became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Zhou dynasty">Eastern Zhou dynasty</a> in 771 BC. The Eastern Zhou dynasty capital was moved to Chengzhou in 510 BC. Later, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Han_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Han dynasty">Eastern Han dynasty</a> capital of Luoyang would be built over Chengzhou. Modern Luoyang is built over the ruins of Wangcheng, which are still visible today at Wangcheng Park.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang" title="Qin Shi Huang">Qin Shi Huang's</a> chief minister, Lu Buwei, was given Luoyang. Lu began programs to develop and beautify Luoyang. It is said that <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han" title="Emperor Gaozu of Han">Liu Bang</a> visited Luoyang and considered making it his capital but was persuaded to reconsider by his ministers to turn to <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> instead for his capital.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Han_dynasty">Han dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Han dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China-henan-luoyang-white-horse-temple-entrance-20040506.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/China-henan-luoyang-white-horse-temple-entrance-20040506.jpg/250px-China-henan-luoyang-white-horse-temple-entrance-20040506.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/China-henan-luoyang-white-horse-temple-entrance-20040506.jpg/330px-China-henan-luoyang-white-horse-temple-entrance-20040506.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/China-henan-luoyang-white-horse-temple-entrance-20040506.jpg/500px-China-henan-luoyang-white-horse-temple-entrance-20040506.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a> gate</figcaption></figure> <p>In 25 AD, Luoyang was declared the capital of the Eastern Han dynasty on November 27 by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu_of_Han" title="Emperor Guangwu of Han">Emperor Guangwu of Han</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hymes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hymes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city walls formed a rectangle 4 km south to north and 2.5 km west to east, with the Gu River, a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Henan)" title="Luo River (Henan)">Luo River</a> just outside the northern eastern walls. The rectangular Southern Palace and the Northern Palace were 3 km apart and connected by The Covered Way. In 26 AD, the Altar of the Gods of the Soils and Grains, the Altar of Heaven, and the Temple of the eminent Founder, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Gaozu_of_Han" title="Emperor Gaozu of Han">Emperor Gao</a> of Former Han were inaugurated. The Imperial University was restored in 29 AD. In 48 AD, the Yang Canal linked the capital to the Luo. In 56 AD, the main imperial observatory, the Spiritual Terrace, was constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-Rafe_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rafe-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For several centuries, Luoyang was the focal point of China. In AD 68, the <a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> temple in China, was founded in Luoyang.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The temple still exists, though the architecture is of later origin, mainly from the 16th century. <a href="/wiki/An_Shigao" title="An Shigao">An Shigao</a> was one of the first monks to popularize <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in Luoyang.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The diplomat <a href="/wiki/Ban_Chao" title="Ban Chao">Ban Chao</a> restored the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> during the Eastern Han dynasty, thus making Luoyang the eastern terminus of the Silk Road during the Han dynasty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 166 AD, the first <a href="/wiki/Sino-Roman_relations" title="Sino-Roman relations">Roman mission</a>, sent by "the king of Da Qin [the Roman Empire], Andun" (<a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius Antoninus</a>, r. 161–180 AD), reached Luoyang after arriving by sea in <a href="/wiki/Rinan" title="Rinan">Rinan</a> Commandery in what is now central <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The late 2nd century saw China decline into <a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">anarchy</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>The decline was accelerated by the rebellion of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Turbans" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Turbans">Yellow Turbans</a>, who, although defeated by the Imperial troops in 184 AD, weakened the state to the point where there was a continuing series of rebellions degenerating into civil war, culminating in the burning of the Han capital of Luoyang on 24 September 189 AD. This was followed by a state of continual unrest and wars in China until a modicum of stability returned in the 220s, but with the establishment of three separate kingdoms, rather than a unified empire.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wei_and_Jin_dynasties">Wei and Jin dynasties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wei and Jin dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 4, 190 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Dong_Zhuo" title="Dong Zhuo">Dong Zhuo</a> ordered his soldiers to ransack, pillage, and raze the city as he retreated from <a href="/wiki/Campaign_against_Dong_Zhuo" title="Campaign against Dong Zhuo">the coalition set up against him</a> by regional lords all over China. The court was subsequently moved to the more defensible western city of <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a> (modern Xi'an). Following a period of disorder, during which warlord <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a> held the last Han emperor <a href="/wiki/Han_Xiandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Han Xiandi">Xian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a> (196–220), Luoyang was restored to prominence when his son Cao Pi, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi">Emperor Wen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei dynasty</a>, declared it his capital in 220 AD. The <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin dynasty</a>, successor to Wei, was also established in Luoyang. At the height of Jin rule, Luoyang had a population of 600,000 and was probably the second largest city in the world after <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the start of the 4th century, Luoyang was subjected to repeated attacks during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Eight_Princes" title="War of the Eight Princes">War of the Eight Princes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upheaval_of_the_Five_Barbarians" title="Upheaval of the Five Barbarians">Upheaval of the Five Barbarians</a> under the Jin. In 311 AD, rebel forces of the <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Han-Zhao" title="Han-Zhao">Han-Zhao</a> dynasty sacked and razed the city in an event known as the <a href="/wiki/Disaster_of_Yongjia" title="Disaster of Yongjia">Disaster of Yongjia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rene_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rene-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the next two centuries, Luoyang would cease as a major population hub, but remained a hotly contested region among various states to come.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the site of a pivotal battle in 328 between the Han-Zhao and <a href="/wiki/Later_Zhao" title="Later Zhao">Later Zhao</a> dynasties which established the latter as a hegemonic power in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city changed hands several times throughout the <a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a> period, as it was also controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Former_Qin" title="Former Qin">Former Qin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Later_Qin" title="Later Qin">Later Qin</a> dynasties. The Jin dynasty, which had relocated south of the <a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze river</a> after the upheaval, was even able to recover the city on a few occasions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Wei">Northern Wei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Northern Wei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg/220px-Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg/330px-Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg/440px-Longmen_Grottoes_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Luoyang</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Luoyang_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Luoyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/120px-Luoyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Luoyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/250px-Luoyang_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="361" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Luoyang" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">洛阳</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">洛陽</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Northern Bank of the Luo [River]"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Luòyáng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Lo<sup>4</sup>-yang<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[lwô.jǎŋ]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Lohk Yèuhng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Lok<sup>6</sup> Joeng<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[lɔk̚˨.jœŋ˩]</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Lo̍k-iông</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><p>In winter 416, during <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wu_of_Song" title="Emperor Wu of Song">Liu Yu's</a> northern expedition against the Later Qin, Luoyang fell to the Jin general <a href="/wiki/Tan_Daoji" title="Tan Daoji">Tan Daoji</a>. In 422, the city was captured by <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei dynasty</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Song">Liu Song dynasty</a>, which succeeded the Jin, briefly recovered the city in 430, but by the 460s, Luoyang was definitively under Wei control. In 493 AD, as part of his <a href="/wiki/Sinicization" title="Sinicization">sinicization</a> campaign, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei">Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei</a> moved the capital from <a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a> to Luoyang, moving over 150,000 people to the site by 495,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and started the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_architecture" title="Rock-cut architecture">rock-cut</a> <a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a>. More than 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> statues from the time of this dynasty have been found in the caves. Many of these sculptures were two-faced. At the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Temple">Shaolin Temple</a> was also built by the Emperor to accommodate an Indian monk on the Mont Song right next to Luoyang City. The <a href="/wiki/Yongning_Pagoda" title="Yongning Pagoda">Yongning Temple</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">永宁寺</span></span>), the tallest pagoda in China, was also built in Luoyang. The city reached a population of 600,000 at its height during the Northern Wei.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was destroyed by the warlord <a href="/wiki/Gao_Huan" title="Gao Huan">Gao Huan</a>, who captured the city and forced its population to move to his capital at <a href="/wiki/Ye_(Hebei)" title="Ye (Hebei)">Ye</a> in 534.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old city was the site of numerous battles between <a href="/wiki/Western_Wei" title="Western Wei">Western Wei</a> (and its successor <a href="/wiki/Northern_Zhou" title="Northern Zhou">Northern Zhou</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Wei" title="Eastern Wei">Eastern Wei</a> (and its successor <a href="/wiki/Northern_Qi" title="Northern Qi">Northern Qi</a>) between 538 and 575.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sui_and_Tang_dynasties">Sui and Tang dynasties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sui and Tang dynasties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Emperor Yang of Sui</a> took control in 604 AD he founded the new Luoyang on the site of the existing city using a layout inspired by his father <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen of Sui</a>'s work in newly rebuilt Chang'an.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20210220_A_model_of_Luoyang_in_Sui_and_Tang_dynasty,_Henan_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/20210220_A_model_of_Luoyang_in_Sui_and_Tang_dynasty%2C_Henan_Museum.jpg/200px-20210220_A_model_of_Luoyang_in_Sui_and_Tang_dynasty%2C_Henan_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/20210220_A_model_of_Luoyang_in_Sui_and_Tang_dynasty%2C_Henan_Museum.jpg/300px-20210220_A_model_of_Luoyang_in_Sui_and_Tang_dynasty%2C_Henan_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/20210220_A_model_of_Luoyang_in_Sui_and_Tang_dynasty%2C_Henan_Museum.jpg/400px-20210220_A_model_of_Luoyang_in_Sui_and_Tang_dynasty%2C_Henan_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E5%8E%9F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E5%8E%9F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E5%8E%9F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E5%8E%9F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E5%8E%9F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E5%8E%9F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E5%8E%9F%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3813" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Model of Luoyang palace city during Wu Zetian's reign. Many major construction projects were commissioned during Wu Zetian's time, such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bright_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bright Hall (page does not exist)">Bright Hall</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%82" class="extiw" title="zh:明堂">zh</a>]</span> of Luoyang <i>(right)</i> commissioned by Wu Zetian (original 294 <i>chi</i> = 93m tall).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luoyang_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Luoyang_Pavilion.jpg/250px-Luoyang_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Luoyang_Pavilion.jpg/330px-Luoyang_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Luoyang_Pavilion.jpg/500px-Luoyang_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8456" data-file-height="8064" /></a><figcaption><i>The Luoyang Pavilion</i> by Li Zhaodao (675–758)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a>, Luoyang was Dongdu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">東都</span></span>), the "Eastern Capital", and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang'an, which, at the time, was the largest city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During an interval in the Tang dynasty, the first and the only empress in Chinese history – <a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Empress Wu</a>, moved the capital of her Zhou dynasty to Luoyang and named it as Shen Du (Capital of the God). She constructed the tallest palace in Chinese history, which is now in the site of Sui Tang Luoyang city. Luoyang was heavily damaged during the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">An Lushan Rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Epitaph" title="Epitaph">Epitaphs</a> were found dating from the Tang dynasty of a Christian couple in Luoyang of a Nestorian Christian Sogdian woman, Lady An (安氏), who died in 821, and her Nestorian Christian Han Chinese husband, Hua Xian (花献), who died in 827. These Han Chinese Christian men may have married Sogdian Christian women because of a lack of Han Chinese women belonging to the Christian religion, limiting their choice of spouses among the same ethnicity.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another epitaph in Luoyang of a Nestorian Christian Sogdian woman also surnamed An was discovered and she was put in her tomb by her military officer son on 22 January, 815. This Sogdian woman's husband was surnamed He (和) and he was a Han Chinese man and the family was indicated to be multiethnic on the epitaph pillar.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Luoyang, the mixed raced sons of Nestorian Christian Sogdian women and Han Chinese men has many career paths available for them. Neither their mixed ethnicity nor their faith were barriers and they were able to become civil officials, a military officers and openly celebrated their Christian religion and support Christian monasteries.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central Asians like Sogdians were called "Hu" (胡) by the Chinese during the Tang dynasty. Central Asian "Hu" women were stereotyped as barmaids or dancers by Han in China. Occasionally, "Hu" women would be involved in prostitution as the "Hu" women in China were at times in occupations that doubled as illicit services.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luoyang_in_Han_Dynasty.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Luoyang_in_Han_Dynasty.gif/250px-Luoyang_in_Han_Dynasty.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Luoyang_in_Han_Dynasty.gif/330px-Luoyang_in_Han_Dynasty.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Luoyang_in_Han_Dynasty.gif/500px-Luoyang_in_Han_Dynasty.gif 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Map of Luoyang during the Eastern Han dynasty when it was the capital of China</figcaption></figure> <p>During the short <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</a>, Luoyang was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Later_Liang_(Five_Dynasties)" title="Later Liang (Five Dynasties)">Later Liang</a> (only for a few years before the court moved to <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Later_Tang" title="Later Tang">Later Tang</a> dynasty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the North <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a>, Luoyang was the 'Western Capital' and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Song dynasty. It served as a prominent cultural center, housing some of the most important philosophers. This prosperity was mainly caused by Luoyang undergoing new developments and reconstruction during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a> <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a>, Luoyang was the "Middle Capital". </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>, Luoyang was no longer the capital of China in the rest of the ancient dynasties. During the Yuan and <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> dynasties, Luoyang was razed and rebuilt twice. Its walls were destroyed by peasant rebels in the late Ming period. The city walls were then rebuilt during the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population was reduced to that of an average county. However, for one last time, Luoyang city was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> for a brief period of time during the Japanese invasion. By 1949, Luoyang's population was 75,000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China"></span>People's Republic of China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the People's Republic of China was established, Luoyang was revived as a major heavy industrial hub. In the <a href="/wiki/First_five-year_plan_(China)" title="First five-year plan (China)">first five-year plan of China</a>, 7 of 156 Soviet-aided major industrial programmes were launched in Luoyang's <a href="/wiki/Jianxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianxi District">Jianxi District</a>, including Dongfanghong Tractor Factory, Luoyang Mining Machines Factory and Luoyang Bearing Factory. Later, during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Front_(China)" title="Third Front (China)">Third Front</a> construction, a group of heavy industry factories was moved to or founded in Luoyang, including Luoyang Glass Factory. Industrial development significantly shifted Luoyang's demographic makeup, and about half of Luoyang's population are new immigrants after 1949 from outside the province or their descendants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a>, added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> in 2000<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">The Grand Canal</a> – Huiluo Barn, Hanjia Barn, added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> in 2014<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Silk Road UNESCO World Heritage Sites">Silk Roads</a> – Han Wei Luoyang City Site, Dingding Gate Site of Sui Tang Luoyang City, Xin'an <a href="/wiki/Hanguguan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguguan">Hangu Guan</a> Site, added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> in 2014<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_city_sites">Ancient city sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ancient city sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erlitou_culture" title="Erlitou culture">Erlitou Site</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhenxun" title="Zhenxun">Zhenxun</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia dynasty</a></li> <li>Yanshi Shang City Site (Xibo) of <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang dynasty</a></li> <li>Wangcheng Site of <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Eastern Zhou dynasty</a></li> <li>Luoyang City Site of <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei dynasty</a></li> <li>Luoyang City Site of <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_Museum.jpg/219px-Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_Museum.jpg/329px-Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_Museum.jpg/438px-Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Luoyang Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_HST_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_HST_station.jpg/250px-Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_HST_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_HST_station.jpg/330px-Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_HST_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_HST_station.jpg/500px-Lu%C3%B2y%C3%A1ng_HST_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5670" data-file-height="3719" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Longmen_railway_station" title="Luoyang Longmen railway station">Luoyang Longmen railway station</a> (<a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">HSR</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-7.jpg/250px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-7.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-7.jpg/500px-Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3779" /></a><figcaption>Map including Luoyang (labeled as LO-YANG (HONANFU) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">洛陽</span></span>) (<a href="/wiki/Army_Map_Service" title="Army Map Service">AMS</a>, 1955)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level city</a> of Luoyang administers 7 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a> and 7 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>: </p> <ul><li>Districts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jianxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianxi District">Jianxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xigong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigong District">Xigong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laocheng District">Laocheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanhe Hui District">Chanhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luolong District">Luolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi District">Yanshi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjin District">Mengjin District</a></li></ul></li> <li>Defunct District <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District">Jili District</a>, now part of <a href="/wiki/Mengjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjin District">Mengjin District</a></li></ul></li> <li>Counties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xin%27an_County" title="Xin'an County">Xin'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoning_County" title="Luoning County">Luoning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang_County,_Luoyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiyang County, Luoyang">Yiyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Henan" title="Yichuan County, Henan">Yichuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_County" title="Song County">Song County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanchuan_County" title="Luanchuan County">Luanchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyang_County" title="Ruyang County">Ruyang County</a></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%AF%BA%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%91%E5%A1%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%AF%BA%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%91%E5%A1%94.jpg/250px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%AF%BA%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%91%E5%A1%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%AF%BA%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%91%E5%A1%94.jpg/330px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%AF%BA%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%91%E5%A1%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%AF%BA%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%91%E5%A1%94.jpg/500px-%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E7%99%BD%E9%A9%AC%E5%AF%BA%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%91%E5%A1%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="2179" /></a><figcaption>Qiyun Pagoda in <a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2010_Chinese_census" title="2010 Chinese census">2010 census</a>, the 5 "built-up" urban districts held a population of 1,857,003, making it the fourth-largest city in <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a>. The entire area of Luoyang's municipal government held 6,549,941 inhabitants total. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Map </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 575px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Administrative_Division_Luoyang.png/960px-Administrative_Division_Luoyang.png" decoding="async" width="575" height="570" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Administrative_Division_Luoyang.png/1150px-Administrative_Division_Luoyang.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2080" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:401.62910798122px; top:129.67605633803px"><a href="/wiki/Laocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laocheng District"><b>1</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:377.33333333333px; top:132.37558685446px"><a href="/wiki/Xigong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigong District"><b>2</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:420.52582159624px; top:135.07511737089px"><a href="/wiki/Chanhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanhe Hui District"><b>3</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:377.33333333333px; top:151.27230046948px"><a href="/wiki/Jianxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianxi District"><b>4</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:444.82159624413px; top:62.18779342723px"><a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District"><b>5</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:409.72769953052px; top:170.16901408451px"><a href="/wiki/Luolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luolong District"><b>Luolong</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:479.91549295775px; top:148.57276995305px"><a href="/wiki/Yanshi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi District"><b>Yanshi</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:398.92957746479px; top:89.183098591549px"><a href="/wiki/Mengjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjin District"><b>Mengjin</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:296.34741784038px; top:89.183098591549px"><a href="/wiki/Xin%27an_County" title="Xin'an County"><b>Xin'an<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:120.8779342723px; top:423.92488262911px"><a href="/wiki/Luanchuan_County" title="Luanchuan County"><b>Luanchuan<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:272.05164319249px; top:388.83098591549px"><a href="/wiki/Song_County" title="Song County"><b>Song<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:385.43192488263px; top:372.6338028169px"><a href="/wiki/Ruyang_County" title="Ruyang County"><b>Ruyang<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:258.55399061033px; top:213.36150234742px"><a href="/wiki/Yiyang_County,_Luoyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiyang County, Luoyang"><b>Yiyang<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:93.882629107981px; top:267.35211267606px"><a href="/wiki/Luoning_County" title="Luoning County"><b>Luoning<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:393.53051643192px; top:237.65727699531px"><a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Henan" title="Yichuan County, Henan"><b>Yichuan<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:128.9765258216px; top:45.990610328638px"><a href="/wiki/Laocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laocheng District"><b>1. Laocheng</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:128.9765258216px; top:64.887323943662px"><a href="/wiki/Xigong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigong District"><b>2. Xigong</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:128.9765258216px; top:83.784037558685px"><a href="/wiki/Chanhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanhe Hui District"><b>3. Chanhe Hui</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:128.9765258216px; top:102.68075117371px"><a href="/wiki/Jianxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianxi District"><b>4. Jianxi</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:128.9765258216px; top:121.57746478873px"><a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District"><b>5. Jili</b></a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021_administrative_reorganization">2021 administrative reorganization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2021 administrative reorganization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the 2017 designation of Zhengzhou as a National Central City, Henan Province in 2020 proposed a new development plan for Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area, which called for the development of Luoyang as a sub-central city. As part of this development, authorities decided to expand the urban area of Luoyang. This not only facilitated planning and coordinated use of resources and infrastructure in Luoyang, but also allowed for better integration towards Zhengzhou, as Yanshi, Jili and Mengjin previously separated the Luoyang urban area from Zhengzhou.<sup id="cite_ref-news.sina.com.cn_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.sina.com.cn-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 March 2021, the central government approved a major administrative reorganization of Luoyang city. <a href="/wiki/Yanshi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi District">Yanshi</a> City was reorganized into an urban district (Yanshi District), while <a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District">Jili</a> District and <a href="/wiki/Mengjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjin District">Mengjin</a> County were merged into Mengjin District. This reorganization effectively doubled the urban area of Luoyang.<sup id="cite_ref-news.sina.com.cn_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.sina.com.cn-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As <a href="#Names">its name states</a>, the Old Town of Luoyang is located on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Luo_River_(Henan)" title="Luo River (Henan)">Luo</a>, a southern tributary of the middle reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. The districts of the modern urban center include both banks and some of the surrounding mountains. </p><p>The countryside controlled by the municipal government includes still more rugged land: mountains comprise 45.51% of the total area; hills, 40.73%; and plains, 13.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luoyang has a highly continental dry-winter <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Cwa</i>). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −18.2 °C (−1 °F) (unofficial record of −20 °C (−4 °F)) was on January 17, 1936)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 44.2 °C (112 °F). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Luoyang (<a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi District</a>), elevation 190 m (620 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #F90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.9<br />(107.4) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td> <td style="background: #F90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.9<br />(107.4) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.7<br />(107.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3<br />(104.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(40.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.3<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.2<br />(−0.8) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9<br />(14.2) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.9<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−18.2<br />(−0.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(0.30) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(0.41) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(0.76) </td> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5<br />(1.32) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.0<br />(1.93) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6<br />(2.54) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.9<br />(4.48) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.9<br />(3.78) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4<br />(2.73) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1<br />(1.46) </td> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(0.96) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">530.3<br />(20.87) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #BCBC3A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.6 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141.5 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.3 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.7 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.4 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.4 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.5 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.7 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.3 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.3 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">145.7 </td> <td style="background: #C2C217; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.4 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,037.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percentage <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #F8F822; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather China<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> data.ac.cn<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Sites</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guanlin_Templ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Guanlin_Templ.JPG/250px-Guanlin_Templ.JPG" decoding="async" width="228" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Guanlin_Templ.JPG/500px-Guanlin_Templ.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Guanlin Temple in May 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a> south of the city were listed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> list of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a> in November 2000. Guanlin—a series of temples built in honor of <a href="/wiki/Guan_Yu" title="Guan Yu">Guan Yu</a>, a hero of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kingdoms period">Three Kingdoms period</a>—is nearby. The <a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a> is located 12 km (7.5 mi) east of the modern town. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Museum" title="Luoyang Museum">Luoyang Museum</a> (established 1958) features ancient relics dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese dynasties">dynasties</a>. The total number of exhibits on display is 1,700.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China's only tomb museum, the <a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Ancient_Tombs_Museum" title="Luoyang Ancient Tombs Museum">Luoyang Ancient Tombs Museum</a>, opened to the public in 1987 and is situated north of the modern town. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gaocheng_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory">Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory</a> (also known as the Dengfeng Observatory or the Tower of Chou Kong) stands 80 km (50 mi) south-east of Luoyang. It was constructed in 1276 during the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> by <a href="/wiki/Guo_Shoujing" title="Guo Shoujing">Guo Shoujing</a> as a giant <a href="/wiki/Gnomon" title="Gnomon">gnomon</a> for "the measurement of the sun's shadow". Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_China_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit China Missions">Jesuit China Missions</a>, it was used for establishing the <a href="/wiki/Summer_solstice" title="Summer solstice">summer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">winter solstices</a> in traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Chinese astronomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luoyang is the foundation of Confucianism, the birth of Taoism, the first transmission of Buddhism, the formation of metaphysics, and the origin of neo-Confucianism. All kinds of cultural thoughts are integrated and symbiosis here, and the <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">compass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">paper making</a> and <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions" title="Four Great Inventions">four great inventions</a> of ancient China were born here. Luoyang is also the cultural root and ancestral lineage of the global Chinese, more than 100 million Hakka ancestral home in the world, 70% of China's clan name originated here, Heluo culture represented by "Hetu Luoshu" is the ancestral source of Chinese civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Cuisine</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Water_Banquet" title="Water Banquet">Water Banquet</a>, which is one of the famous banquets passed on for generations in the history of Chinese cuisine, consists of 8 cold and 16 warm dishes all cooked in various broths, gravies, or juices. The water here has two meanings: one is that all the hot dishes have soup-tang soup water; the other is that each dish is served after another smoothly just like flowing water. It comprises a wide selection of ingredients, simple and versatile, diverse tastes, sour, spicy, sweet and salty, comfortable and delicious. </p> <dl><dt>Botany</dt></dl> <p>Luoyang is also celebrated for the cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Paeonia_suffruticosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeonia suffruticosa">peonies</a>, its city flower. Since 1983, each mid-April the city hosts the Peony Culture Festival of Luoyang. More than 19 million tourists visited Luoyang during the 2014 festival.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Music</dt></dl> <p>"Spring in Luoyang" (<span lang="zh-Hans"><span class="nowrap"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:洛阳">洛阳</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:春">春</a></span></span></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Luòyáng Chūn</span></i>), an ancient Chinese composition, became popular in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo dynasty</a> (918–1392) and is still performed in its <i><a href="/wiki/Dangak" title="Dangak">dangak</a></i> (Koreanized) version <i>Nakyangchun</i> (<span class="nowrap"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">낙양춘</span></span></span>). <a href="/wiki/Lou_Harrison" title="Lou Harrison">Lou Harrison</a>, an American composer, has also created an arrangement of the work. </p> <dl><dt>Dialect</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Luoyang_dialect" title="Luoyang dialect">Luoyang dialect</a></div> <p>Residents of Luoyang typically speak a dialect of <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although Luoyang's dialect was a <a href="/wiki/Prestige_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Prestige dialect">prestige dialect</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dialects_of_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialects of Chinese">spoken Chinese</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, it differs from the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_dialect" title="Beijing dialect">Beijing form</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin dialects">Mandarin</a> which became the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">standard modern dialect</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Outer space</dt></dl> <p>Asteroid (239200) 2006 MD13 is named after Luoyang.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology">Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology</a> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洛阳理工学院</span></span>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Henan University of Science and Technology">Henan University of Science and Technology</a> <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">河南科技大学</span></span>)</span></li> <li>Luoyang Normal University <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洛阳师范学院</span></span>)</span></li> <li>PLA Foreign Language Institute, formerly known as the Luoyang PLA College of Foreign Languages <span class="nowrap">(<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">解放军洛阳外语学院</span></span>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city can be reached by highways, trains or planes. Long-distance buses are also an option although they generally tend to take longer. High-speed rail is the most common way to get into the city from either <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>. Luoyang has a bus system of around 30+ lines. Taxis are also a common sight in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subway">Subway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Subway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Subway" title="Luoyang Subway">Luoyang Subway</a></div> <p>Line 1 of Luoyang Subway opened 28 March 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-lyd28_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lyd28-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Line 2 opened on 26 December 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Conventional speed</dt></dl> <p>The main station for conventional rail services is <a href="/wiki/Luoyang_railway_station" title="Luoyang railway station">Luoyang railway station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Longhai_railway" title="Longhai railway">Longhai railway</a>. <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E6%9E%97%E7%AB%99" class="extiw" title="zh:关林站">Guanlin railway station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo%E2%80%93Liuzhou_railway" title="Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway">Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway</a> has a far less frequent service, only seeing north–south trains or vice versa that don't stop at Luoyang railway station. </p> <dl><dt>High-speed</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Longmen_railway_station" title="Luoyang Longmen railway station">Luoyang Longmen railway station</a> sees high-speed services on the <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou%E2%80%93Xi%27an_high-speed_railway" title="Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway">Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20231231_Wangcheng_Avenue_in_Luoyang_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/20231231_Wangcheng_Avenue_in_Luoyang_02.jpg/250px-20231231_Wangcheng_Avenue_in_Luoyang_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/20231231_Wangcheng_Avenue_in_Luoyang_02.jpg/330px-20231231_Wangcheng_Avenue_in_Luoyang_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/20231231_Wangcheng_Avenue_in_Luoyang_02.jpg/500px-20231231_Wangcheng_Avenue_in_Luoyang_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Wangcheng Avenue in Luoyang</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/G30_Lianyungang%E2%80%93Khorgas_Expressway" title="G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway">G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G36_Nanjing%E2%80%93Luoyang_Expressway" title="G36 Nanjing–Luoyang Expressway">G36 Nanjing–Luoyang Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G55_Erenhot%E2%80%93Guangzhou_Expressway" title="G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway">G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_207" title="China National Highway 207">China National Highway 207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_310" title="China National Highway 310">China National Highway 310</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luoyang is served by <a href="/wiki/Luoyang_Beijiao_Airport" title="Luoyang Beijiao Airport">Luoyang Beijiao Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></div> <p>Luoyang is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/La_Crosse,_Wisconsin" title="La Crosse, Wisconsin">La Crosse, Wisconsin</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Okayama,_Okayama" class="mw-redirect" title="Okayama, Okayama">Okayama, Okayama</a>, Japan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Chonghui" title="An Chonghui">An Chonghui</a>, chief advisor to Li Siyuan (Emperor Mingzong) of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Tang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Jincang" title="An Jincang">An Jincang</a>, Tang dynasty court official</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Lushan" title="An Lushan">An Lushan</a>, military general and rebel leader during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Shigao" title="An Shigao">An Shigao</a>, early Buddhist missionary to China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_VII" title="Bahram VII">Bahram VII</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a>, the last <a href="/wiki/Shahanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahanshah">Shahanshah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Juyi" title="Bai Juyi">Bai Juyi</a>, musician, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Chao" title="Ban Chao">Ban Chao</a>, diplomat, explorer, and military general of the Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bao_Shanju" title="Bao Shanju">Bao Shanju</a>, cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Dong_(astronaut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chen Dong (astronaut)">Chen Dong</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_astronauts" title="List of Chinese astronauts">astronaut</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_11" title="Shenzhou 11">Shenzhou 11</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_14" title="Shenzhou 14">Shenzhou 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qichang" title="Chen Qichang">Chen Qichang</a>, communist politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a>, statesman, warlord, and poet during the Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi">Cao Pi</a>, first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Que" title="Cao Que">Cao Que</a>, official of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Rui" title="Cao Rui">Cao Rui</a>, second emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Shuang" title="Cao Shuang">Cao Shuang</a>, military general and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yixing" title="Chen Yixing">Chen Yixing</a>, historian, military general, and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Yuyi" title="Chen Yuyi">Chen Yuyi</a>, poet and politician of the Song dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Hao" title="Cheng Hao">Cheng Hao</a>, philosopher and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Lin" title="Cheng Lin">Cheng Lin</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheng_Yi_(philosopher)" title="Cheng Yi (philosopher)">Cheng Yi</a>, philosopher and politician of the Song Dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Yu" title="Deng Yu">Deng Yu</a>, statesman and military commander of the early Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_Renjie" title="Di Renjie">Di Renjie</a>, politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Zhuo" title="Dong Zhuo">Dong Zhuo</a>, military general, politician, and warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dou_Zhengu" title="Dou Zhengu">Dou Zhengu</a>, historian and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Wei_(footballer)" title="Du Wei (footballer)">Du Wei</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugu_Xin" title="Dugu Xin">Dugu Xin</a>, general and official during the Northern and Southern dynasties period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu_Yanqing" title="Fu Yanqing">Fu Yanqing</a>, military general, monarch, and politician of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Hong_(composer)" title="Gao Hong (composer)">Gao Hong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipa" title="Pipa">pipa</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingzhou" title="Gao Xingzhou">Gao Xingzhou</a>, military general, monarch, and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Zhenqian" title="Guo Zhenqian">Guo Zhenqian</a>, politician and banker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guo_Zhongshu" title="Guo Zhongshu">Guo Zhongshu</a>, painter, scholar, calligrapher and philologist during the Five Dynasties period and Song dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_An_of_Han" title="Emperor An of Han">Emperor An of Han</a>, emperor of the Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Guangwu_of_Han" title="Emperor Guangwu of Han">Emperor Guangwu of Han</a>, emperor of the Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_He_of_Han" title="Emperor He of Han">Emperor He of Han</a>, emperor of the Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shang_of_Han" title="Emperor Shang of Han">Emperor Shang of Han</a>, infant emperor of the Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chao" title="Han Chao">Han Chao</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Bin" title="He Bin">He Bin</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Jin" title="He Jin">He Jin</a>, military general and politician of the late Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Lei" title="He Lei">He Lei</a>, lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiguzi" title="Guiguzi">Guiguzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">geomancer</a> and numerologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Bingxuan" title="Ji Bingxuan">Ji Bingxuan</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Xu" title="Ji Xu">Ji Xu</a>, politician during Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Boyan" title="Jia Boyan">Jia Boyan</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Su" title="Jia Su">Jia Su</a>, official of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_Yi" title="Jia Yi">Jia Yi</a>, poet and politician of the Western Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Shen" title="Jiang Shen">Jiang Shen</a>, official of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Huai_of_Jin" title="Emperor Huai of Jin">Emperor Huai of Jin</a>, emperor of the Jin Dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yuan_of_Jin" title="Emperor Yuan of Jin">Emperor Yuan of Jin</a>, emperor of the Jin dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aowen_Jin" title="Aowen Jin">Aowen Jin</a>, British artist and social commentator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing_Yanguang" title="Jing Yanguang">Jing Yanguang</a>, general and official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Lanling" title="Princess Lanling">Princess Lanling</a>, consort of the Rouran khagan <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_Anluochen" title="Yujiulü Anluochen">Yujiulü Anluochen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a>, legendary founder of <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Binzhu" title="Li Binzhu">Li Binzhu</a>, Chinese-Austrian judge and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Chongmei" title="Li Chongmei">Li Chongmei</a>, imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Conghou" title="Li Conghou">Li Conghou</a>, emperor of the Later Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Congrong" title="Li Congrong">Li Congrong</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a>, the second emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Congyi" title="Li Congyi">Li Congyi</a>, imperial prince of the Later Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxu" title="Li Cunxu">Li Cunxu</a>, Emperor Zhuangzong of Tang, founding emperor of the Later Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_He" title="Li He">Li He</a>, poet of the mid-Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hengde" title="Li Hengde">Li Hengde</a>, nuclear physicist and materials scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Jue_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Li Jue (Tang dynasty)">Li Jue</a>, military general and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Xuanzong of Tang">Li Longji</a>, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Mian" title="Li Mian">Li Mian</a>, judge, military general, musician, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Qiaoming" title="Li Qiaoming">Li Qiaoming</a>, general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shen" title="Li Shen">Li Shen</a>, historian, military general, poet, and politician of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Song_(politician)" title="Li Song (politician)">Li Song</a>, official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Zhongzong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Zhongzong of Tang">Li Xian</a>, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, fourth and seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shizhi" title="Li Shizhi">Li Shizhi</a>, poet and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daizong_of_Tang" title="Emperor Daizong of Tang">Li Yu</a>, Emperor Daizong of Tang, emperor of the Chinese Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Xiang_(journalist)" title="Li Xiang (journalist)">Li Xiang</a>, journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhaonan" title="Li Zhaonan">Li Zhaonan</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhun" title="Li Zhun">Li Zhun</a>, novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liang_Ji" title="Liang Ji">Liang Ji</a>, military general and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangqing_(monk)" title="Liangqing (monk)">Liangqing</a>, Buddhist monk and abbot of Famen Temple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lindbeck" title="George Lindbeck">George Lindbeck</a>, American Lutheran theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghu_Chu" title="Linghu Chu">Linghu Chu</a>, official of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Bian" title="Liu Bian">Liu Bian</a>, 13th emperor of Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhangqing" title="Liu Zhangqing">Liu Zhangqing</a>, poet and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Cong_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Cong (Han-Zhao)">Liu Cong</a>, emperor of the Han-Zhao dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Fangping" title="Liu Fangping">Liu Fangping</a>, Tang dynasty poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Faqing" title="Liu Faqing">Liu Faqing</a>, lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Jingyan" title="Liu Jingyan">Liu Jingyan</a>, empress of the Chen dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Qing_(prince)" title="Liu Qing (prince)">Liu Qing</a>, crown prince of the Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shan" title="Liu Shan">Liu Shan</a>, second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xian_of_Han" title="Emperor Xian of Han">Liu Xie</a>, Emperor Xian of Han</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yan_(Tang_dynasty)" title="Liu Yan (Tang dynasty)">Liu Yan</a>, economist and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ming_of_Han" title="Emperor Ming of Han">Liu Yang</a>, Emperor Ming of Han</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yonghong" title="Liu Yonghong">Liu Yonghong</a>, cinematographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuan_(Han-Zhao)" title="Liu Yuan (Han-Zhao)">Liu Yuan</a>, Emperor Guangwen of Han (Zhao), founding emperor of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Yuxi" title="Liu Yuxi">Liu Yuxi</a>, poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhuan" title="Liu Zhuan">Liu Zhuan</a>, official of the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Feng_(footballer)" title="Lu Feng (footballer)">Lu Feng</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Ji_(Shiheng)" title="Lu Ji (Shiheng)">Lu Ji</a>, military general, politician, and writer during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Zhuguo" title="Lu Zhuguo">Lu Zhuguo</a>, screenwriter and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Chongchong" title="Ma Chongchong">Ma Chongchong</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Chong" title="Man Chong">Man Chong</a>, military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Yang" title="Men Yang">Men Yang</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Guang" title="Meng Guang">Meng Guang</a>, official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Jiao" title="Meng Jiao">Meng Jiao</a>, poet during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Meiqi" title="Meng Meiqi">Meng Meiqi</a>, singer, dancer (<a href="/wiki/WJSN" title="WJSN">WJSN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Girls_101" title="Rocket Girls 101">Rocket Girls 101</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouyang_Xiu" title="Ouyang Xiu">Ouyang Xiu</a>, historian, calligrapher, epigrapher, essayist, poet, and politician of the Song dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Yue_(poet)" title="Pan Yue (poet)">Pan Yue</a>, poet in the Western Jin dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pang_Xi" title="Pang Xi">Pang Xi</a>, official during the Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Kang_(official)" title="Qi Kang (official)">Qi Kang</a>, historian and politician of the Tang Dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Wei" title="Qiao Wei">Qiao Wei</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Xuan" title="Qiao Xuan">Qiao Xuan</a>, official during the Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sang_Hongyang" title="Sang Hongyang">Sang Hongyang</a>, politician of the Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sang_Weihan" title="Sang Weihan">Sang Weihan</a>, historian, military general, poet, and politician of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Yue_(Go_player)" title="Shi Yue (Go player)">Shi Yue</a>, professional Go player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Guang" title="Sima Guang">Sima Guang</a>, historian, politician, and writer in the Song dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Wei" title="Sima Wei">Sima Wei</a>, imperial prince during Jin Dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Yi" title="Sima Yi">Sima Yi</a>, military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Ying" title="Sima Ying">Sima Ying</a>, imperial prince during Jin dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Yue" title="Sima Yue">Sima Yue</a>, imperial prince and regent for Emperor Hui and Emperor Huai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sima_Zhao" title="Sima Zhao">Sima Zhao</a>, military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Song_(Song_dynasty)" title="Empress Song (Song dynasty)">Empress Song</a>, empress consort of the Song dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Wo" title="Song Wo">Song Wo</a>, military officer and general who served the Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou, and Song dynasties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Bu%27er" title="Sun Bu'er">Sun Bu'er</a>, one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Ru" title="Sun Ru">Sun Ru</a>, military general, rebel and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Shengwu" title="Sun Shengwu">Sun Shengwu</a>, translator and editor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishi_Ci" title="Taishi Ci">Taishi Ci</a>, military general during the late Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taizu_of_Song" title="Emperor Taizu of Song">Emperor Taizu of Song</a>, founder of the Song dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touzi_Yiqing" title="Touzi Yiqing">Touzi Yiqing</a>, Zen Buddhist monk during the early Song Dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consort_Dowager_Wang" title="Consort Dowager Wang">Consort Dowager Wang</a>, noble consort to <a href="/wiki/Li_Siyuan" title="Li Siyuan">Li Siyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Duo_(Ming_dynasty)" title="Wang Duo (Ming dynasty)">Wang Duo</a>, calligrapher, painter, and poet in Ming dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Fei_(beach_volleyball)" title="Wang Fei (beach volleyball)">Wang Fei</a>, beach volleyballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hao_(footballer,_born_1989)" title="Wang Hao (footballer, born 1989)">Wang Hao</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Haoran" title="Wang Haoran">Wang Haoran</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hesheng_(composer)" title="Wang Hesheng (composer)">Wang Hesheng</a>, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Huimin_(politician)" title="Wang Huimin (politician)">Wang Huimin</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jianan_(footballer)" title="Wang Jianan (footballer)">Wang Jianan</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jianwu" title="Wang Jianwu">Wang Jianwu</a>, military officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Kai_(politician)" title="Wang Kai (politician)">Wang Kai</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Luoyong" title="Wang Luoyong">Wang Luoyong</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shanshan" title="Wang Shanshan">Wang Shanshan</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shufeng" title="Wang Shufeng">Wang Shufeng</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yanqiu" title="Wang Yanqiu">Wang Yanqiu</a>, general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period states</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yibo" title="Wang Yibo">Wang Yibo</a>, actor, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Yun_(Han_dynasty)" title="Wang Yun (Han dynasty)">Wang Yun</a>, politician during the late Eastern Han dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yuanheng" title="Wu Yuanheng">Wu Yuanheng</a>, poet and politician during the Tang dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Zetian" title="Wu Zetian">Wu Zetian</a>, Empress of China from 660 to 705</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Zheng" title="Xi Zheng">Xi Zheng</a>, poet and politician during the late Three Kingdoms period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Zhi_(footballer)" title="Xiao Zhi (footballer)">Xiao Zhi</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiu_Xiu_(pentathlete)" title="Xiu Xiu (pentathlete)">Xiu Xiu</a>, pentathlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Xu" title="Nora Xu">Nora Xu</a>, model and beauty pageant titleholder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Xuanwu_of_Northern_Wei" title="Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei">Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei</a>, emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a>, Buddhist monk and hero of the <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_West" title="Journey to the West">Journey to the West</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Jian_(Sui_prince)" title="Yang Jian (Sui prince)">Yang Jian</a>, imperial prince of the Sui dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Yang Jian</a>, Emperor Wen of Sui, founding emperor of the Sui dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Lianke" title="Yan Lianke">Yan Lianke</a>, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Yang_of_Sui" title="Emperor Yang of Sui">Emperor Yang of Sui</a>, second emperor of the Sui dynasty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Kuo" title="Yang Kuo">Yang Kuo</a>, footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Yilin_(footballer)" title="Yang Yilin (footballer)">Yang Yilin</a>, 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href="/wiki/Zhu_Changxun" title="Zhu Changxun">Zhu Changxun</a>, third son of the Ming dynasty Wanli Emperor.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Shouyin" title="Zhu Shouyin">Zhu Shouyin</a>, military general and politician of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Dan" title="Zhuge Dan">Zhuge Dan</a>, military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zu_Yong" title="Zu Yong">Zu Yong</a>, poet of the High Tang period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughter_of_Emperor_Xiaoming_of_Northern_Wei" title="Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei">Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei</a>, emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Historical capitals of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Roman_Relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Roman Relations">Sino-Roman Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Luoyang" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Luoyang">Roman Catholic Diocese of Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joraku" title="Joraku">Joraku</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" 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Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">538–</span>541. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-04-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-04-4"><bdi>1-884964-04-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%2C+Volume+5%3A+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E538-%3C%2Fspan%3E541&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-884964-04-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hymes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hymes_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Hymes2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hymes" title="Robert Hymes">Robert Hymes</a> (2000). John Stewart Bowman (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john"><i>Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture</i></a></span>. Columbia University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11004-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11004-4"><bdi>978-0-231-11004-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Chronologies+of+Asian+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11004-4&rft.au=Robert+Hymes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbiachronolo00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rafe-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rafe_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Crespigny2017" class="citation book cs1">de Crespigny, Rafe (2017). <i>Fire over Luoyang: A History of the Later Han Dynasty 23–220 AD</i>. Leiden: Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">16–</span>52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004324916" title="Special:BookSources/9789004324916"><bdi>9789004324916</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+over+Luoyang%3A+A+History+of+the+Later+Han+Dynasty+23%E2%80%93220+AD&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E52&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789004324916&rft.aulast=de+Crespigny&rft.aufirst=Rafe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill (2009), p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hill (2009), p. xvi,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCullen2017" class="citation book cs1">Cullen, Christopher (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_U-DwAAQBAJ"><i>Heavenly Numbers: Astronomy and Authority in Early Imperial China</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198733119" title="Special:BookSources/9780198733119"><bdi>9780198733119</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710122553/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_U-DwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heavenly+Numbers%3A+Astronomy+and+Authority+in+Early+Imperial+China&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780198733119&rft.aulast=Cullen&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY_U-DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTwitchettLoewe1986" class="citation book cs1">Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Loewe, Michael, eds. (1986). <i>The Cambridge History of China. Volume 1: The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.-A.D. 220</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 348. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521243278" title="Special:BookSources/9780521243278"><bdi>9780521243278</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China.+Volume+1%3A+The+Ch%27in+and+Han+Empires%2C+221+B.C.-A.D.+220&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=348&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780521243278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraff2002" class="citation book cs1">Graff, David A. (2002). <i>Medieval Chinese Warfare. 300 - 900</i>. Routledge. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Chinese+Warfare.+300+-+900&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rene-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rene_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrousset1970" class="citation book cs1">Grousset, Rene (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/56"><i>The Empire of the Steppes</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof/page/56">56–57</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-1304-9"><bdi>0-8135-1304-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Empire+of+the+Steppes&rft.pages=56-57&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-8135-1304-9&rft.aulast=Grousset&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempireofsteppesh00prof%2Fpage%2F56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraff2002" class="citation book cs1">Graff, David A. (2002). <i>Medieval Chinese Warfare 300 - 900</i>. Routledge. p. 58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Chinese+Warfare+300+-+900&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraff2002" class="citation book cs1">Graff, David A. (2002). <i>Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300 - 900</i>. Routledge. p. 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Chinese+Warfare%2C+300+-+900&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraff2002" class="citation book cs1">Graff, David A. (2002). <i>Medieval Chinese Warfare</i>. Routledge. p. 103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Chinese+Warfare&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarks2011" class="citation book cs1">Marks, Robert B. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iXVHL2mYajAC&q=China:+Its+Environment+and+History"><i>China: Its Environment and History</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442212756" title="Special:BookSources/978-1442212756"><bdi>978-1442212756</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710122554/https://books.google.com/books?id=iXVHL2mYajAC&q=China:+Its+Environment+and+History#v=snippet&q=China%3A%20Its%20Environment%20and%20History&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+Its+Environment+and+History&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1442212756&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiXVHL2mYajAC%26q%3DChina%3A%2BIts%2BEnvironment%2Band%2BHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span> p. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchinz1996" class="citation book cs1">Schinz, Alfred (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qhcRYkz-I3YC&q=The+Magic+Square:+Cities+in+Ancient+China&pg=PA380"><i>The Magic Square: Cities in Ancient China</i></a>. Edition Axel Menges. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3930698021" title="Special:BookSources/3930698021"><bdi>3930698021</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710122555/https://books.google.com/books?id=qhcRYkz-I3YC&q=The+Magic+Square:+Cities+in+Ancient+China&pg=PA380#v=snippet&q=The%20Magic%20Square%3A%20Cities%20in%20Ancient%20China&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magic+Square%3A+Cities+in+Ancient+China&rft.pub=Edition+Axel+Menges&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=3930698021&rft.aulast=Schinz&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqhcRYkz-I3YC%26q%3DThe%2BMagic%2BSquare%3A%2BCities%2Bin%2BAncient%2BChina%26pg%3DPA380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span> p. 167-169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《资治通鉴·唐纪·唐纪二十》：辛亥，明堂成，高二百九十四尺，方三百尺。凡三层：下层法四时，各随方色。中层法十二辰；上为圆盖，九龙捧之。上层法二十四气；亦为圆盖，上施铁凤，高一丈，饰以黄金。中有巨木十围，上下通贯，栭栌棤藉以为本。下施铁渠，为辟雍之象。号曰万象神宫。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abramson (2008), p. viii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2019" class="citation thesis cs1">Morrow, Kenneth T. (May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utd-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10735.1/6946/ETD-5608-017-MORROW-260204.19.pdf"><i>Negotiating Belonging: The Church of the East's Contested Identity in Tang China</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Dallas. pp. <span class="nowrap">109–</span>135, viii, xv, 156, 164, 115, 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Negotiating+Belonging%3A+The+Church+of+the+East%27s+Contested+Identity+in+Tang+China&rft.inst=University+of+Texas+at+Dallas&rft.date=2019-05&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futd-ir.tdl.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10735.1%2F6946%2FETD-5608-017-MORROW-260204.19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2019" class="citation thesis cs1">Morrow, Kenneth T. (May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utd-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10735.1/6946/ETD-5608-017-MORROW-260204.19.pdf"><i>Negotiating Belonging: The Church of the East's Contested Identity in Tang China</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Dallas. pp. <span class="nowrap">155–</span>156, 149, 150, viii, xv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220709073558/https://utd-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10735.1/6946/ETD-5608-017-MORROW-260204.19.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-07-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Negotiating+Belonging%3A+The+Church+of+the+East%27s+Contested+Identity+in+Tang+China&rft.inst=University+of+Texas+at+Dallas&rft.date=2019-05&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futd-ir.tdl.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10735.1%2F6946%2FETD-5608-017-MORROW-260204.19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrow2019" class="citation thesis cs1">Morrow, Kenneth T. (May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utd-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10735.1/6946/ETD-5608-017-MORROW-260204.19.pdf"><i>Negotiating Belonging: The Church of the East's Contested Identity in Tang China</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). p. 164. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220709073558/https://utd-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10735.1/6946/ETD-5608-017-MORROW-260204.19.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-07-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Negotiating+Belonging%3A+The+Church+of+the+East%27s+Contested+Identity+in+Tang+China&rft.date=2019-05&rft.aulast=Morrow&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futd-ir.tdl.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10735.1%2F6946%2FETD-5608-017-MORROW-260204.19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbramson2011" class="citation book cs1">Abramson, Marc S. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-GLGnRspmcAC&dq=%22vast+numbers+of+non-Han+women+served+in+subordinate+positions%22&pg=PA20"><i>Ethnic Identity in Tang China</i></a>. Encounters with Asia. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812201017" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812201017"><bdi>978-0812201017</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710123533/https://books.google.com/books?id=-GLGnRspmcAC&dq=%22vast+numbers+of+non-Han+women+served+in+subordinate+positions%22&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q=%22vast%20numbers%20of%20non-Han%20women%20served%20in%20subordinate%20positions%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Identity+in+Tang+China&rft.series=Encounters+with+Asia&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0812201017&rft.aulast=Abramson&rft.aufirst=Marc+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-GLGnRspmcAC%26dq%3D%2522vast%2Bnumbers%2Bof%2Bnon-Han%2Bwomen%2Bserved%2Bin%2Bsubordinate%2Bpositions%2522%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1003">"Longmen Grottoes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226031721/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1003/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Longmen+Grottoes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1443">"The Grand Canal"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707185836/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1443">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Grand+Canal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1442">"Silk Roads: The Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707201702/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1442">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silk+Roads%3A+The+Routes+Network+of+Chang%27an-Tianshan+Corridor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news.sina.com.cn-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news.sina.com.cn_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news.sina.com.cn_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2021-03-28/doc-ikkntiam9617153.shtml">"河南洛阳扩容，撤县设区还香吗？"</a>. 28 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710124101/https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2021-03-28/doc-ikkntiam9617153.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E6%89%A9%E5%AE%B9%EF%BC%8C%E6%92%A4%E5%8E%BF%E8%AE%BE%E5%8C%BA%E8%BF%98%E9%A6%99%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2021-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2021-03-28%2Fdoc-ikkntiam9617153.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">洛阳市人民政府网站</span></span></span> [Luòyángshì Rénmín Zhèngfǔ Wǎngzhàn, <i>Luoyang Municipal People's Government Website</i>] op. cit. <span class="nowrap"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">北京2008年奥运火炬接力官方网站</span></span></span> [Běijīng 2008 Nián Àoyùn Huǒjù Jiēlì Guānfāng Wǎngzhàn, <i>Beijing 2008 Torch Relay Official Website</i>]. <span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torchrelay.beijing2008.cn/cn/journey/luoyang/luoyangnews/n214275161.shtml"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">〈洛阳地理及气候概况〉</span></span></a></span> ["<i>Luòyáng Dìlǐ Jí Qìhòu Gàikuàng</i>", "Overview of Luoyang's Geography and Climate"]. 20 Mar 2008. Accessed 16 Jan 2014. <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805">"中国各地城市的历史最低气温"</a>. <i>weibo.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weather.com.cn&rft.atitle=%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3+%E2%80%93+%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE+%E2%80%93+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%94%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.com.cn%2Fcityintro%2F101180901.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.data.ac.cn/zrzy/g03.asp?name=%E6%97%A0&pass=%E6%97%A0&danwei=%E6%97%A0&kubian=G03&kuming=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93"><bdi lang="zh">气候资源数据库</bdi></a>. <i>data.ac.cn</i>. 2018-08-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200915085240/http://www.data.ac.cn/zrzy/g03.asp?name=%E6%97%A0&pass=%E6%97%A0&danwei=%E6%97%A0&kubian=G03&kuming=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.ac.cn&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93&rft.date=2018-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.ac.cn%2Fzrzy%2Fg03.asp%3Fname%3D%25E6%2597%25A0%26pass%3D%25E6%2597%25A0%26danwei%3D%25E6%2597%25A0%26kubian%3DG03%26kuming%3D%25E6%25B0%2594%25E5%2580%2599%25E8%25B5%2584%25E6%25BA%2590%25E6%2595%25B0%25E6%258D%25AE%25E5%25BA%2593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>China Culture</i>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_museum/2003-09/24/content_29944.htm">Luoyang Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160215165628/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_museum/2003-09/24/content_29944.htm">Archived</a> 2016-02-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Needham,_Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="Needham, Joseph">Needham, Joseph</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_and_Civilisation_in_China" title="Science and Civilisation in China">Science and Civilisation in China</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ly.gov.cn/html/1/m/2/49/50/index.html">"基本概况"</a>. <i>www.ly.gov.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030063641/https://www.ly.gov.cn/html/1/m/2/49/50/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ly.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ly.gov.cn%2Fhtml%2F1%2Fm%2F2%2F49%2F50%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hn.ifeng.com/">"河南频道_凤凰网"</a>. <i>hn.ifeng.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240710123535/http://hn.ifeng.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-07-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hn.ifeng.com&rft.atitle=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93_%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhn.ifeng.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lyd28-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lyd28_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.lyd.com.cn/system/2021/03/26/031994407.shtml">"官宣！洛阳地铁1号线3月28日开通中西部非省会城市第一个"</a>. 2021-03-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327122759/http://news.lyd.com.cn/system/2021/03/26/031994407.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%98%E5%AE%A3%EF%BC%81%E6%B4%9B%E9%98%B3%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%811%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF3%E6%9C%8828%E6%97%A5%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A+%E4%B8%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E7%9C%81%E4%BC%9A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA&rft.date=2021-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.lyd.com.cn%2Fsystem%2F2021%2F03%2F26%2F031994407.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuoyang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abramson, Marc. <i>Ethnic Identity in Tang China</i>. University of Pennsylvania Press (Philadelphia), 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4052-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4052-8">978-0-8122-4052-8</a>.</li> <li>Cotterell, Arthur. <i>The Imperial Capitals of China: An Inside View of the Celestial Empire</i>. Pimlico (London), 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-010-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84595-010-1">978-1-84595-010-1</a>.</li> <li>Hill, John E. <i>Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE</i>. BookSurge (<a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a>), 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4392-2134-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4392-2134-1">978-1-4392-2134-1</a>.</li> <li>Jenner, W. J. <i>Memories of Loyang</i>. Clarendon Press (Oxford), 1981.</li> <li>Yang Hsüan-chih. <i>Lo-yang ch'ien-lan chi</i>, translated by Wang Yi-t'ung as <i>A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-yang.</i> Princeton University Press (<a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>), 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-05403-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-05403-7">0-691-05403-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luoyang&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Luoyang#Q187136" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Luoyang">Luoyang</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Luoyang" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Luoyang">Luoyang</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Loyang" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Loyang">Loyang</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lo-yang" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Lo-yang">Lo-yang</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190714131119/http://www.ly.gov.cn/">Official website</a> of the Luoyang Municipal Government <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/travel/where_to_go/2009-06/24/content_18003940.htm">Wangcheng Park in Luoyang</a>" at China.org</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zongzhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Zongzhou">Zongzhou</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Primary capital of China</a> </b><br />771–256 BCE </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—<br />then <a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Historical_capitals_of_China" title="Historical capitals of China">Primary capital of China</a> </b><br />25–190 CE </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—<br />then <a href="/wiki/Chang%27an" title="Chang'an">Chang'an</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Henan" title="Category:Henan">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan#History" title="Henan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Henan" title="Politics of Henan">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan#Economy" title="Henan">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Henan" title="Category:Geography of Henan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Henan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountains" title="Dabie Mountains">Dabie Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Basin" title="Nanyang Basin">Nanyang Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai_River" title="Huai River">Huai River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Henan" title="List of universities and colleges in Henan">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University" title="Henan University">Henan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Normal_University" title="Henan Normal University">Henan Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_University_of_Technology" title="Henan University of Technology">Henan University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_Agricultural_University" title="Henan Agricultural University">Henan Agricultural University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan#Culture" title="Henan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_culture" title="Zhongyuan culture">Zhongyuan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan_opera" title="Henan opera">Henan opera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan_cuisine" title="Henan cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang brewed vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Banquet" title="Water Banquet">Water Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_mian" title="Hui mian">Hui mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulatang" title="Hulatang">Hulatang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaocheng_Astronomical_Observatory" title="Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory">Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Song" title="Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaolin Temple">Shaolin Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmen_Grottoes" title="Longmen Grottoes">Longmen Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyue_Pagoda" title="Songyue Pagoda">Songyue Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youguo_Temple" title="Youguo Temple">Youguo Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Temple" title="White Horse Temple">White Horse Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Henan" title="Category:Henan">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henan">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Henan_Province296" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henan" title="Template:Henan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henan" title="Template talk:Henan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Henan_Province296" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Henan" title="List of administrative divisions of Henan">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan District">Zhongyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erqi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Erqi District">Erqi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guancheng_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Guancheng Hui District">Guancheng Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinshui District">Jinshui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangjie_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shangjie District">Shangjie District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huiji_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huiji District">Huiji District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongmu_County" title="Zhongmu County">Zhongmu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulou_District,_Kaifeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulou District, Kaifeng">Gulou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Longting District">Longting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunhe Hui District">Shunhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwangtai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuwangtai District">Yuwangtai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiangfu District">Xiangfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Kaifeng" title="Qi County, Kaifeng">Qi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxu_County" title="Tongxu County">Tongxu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishi_County" title="Weishi County">Weishi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankao_County" title="Lankao County">Lankao County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xigong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigong District">Xigong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laocheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laocheng District">Laocheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanhe_Hui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanhe Hui District">Chanhe Hui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianxi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianxi District">Jianxi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jili_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jili District">Jili District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luolong District">Luolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi District">Yanshi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mengjin District">Mengjin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin%27an_County" title="Xin'an County">Xin'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanchuan_County" title="Luanchuan County">Luanchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_County" title="Song County">Song County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruyang_County" title="Ruyang County">Ruyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang_County,_Henan" title="Yiyang County, Henan">Yiyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoning_County" title="Luoning County">Luoning County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichuan_County,_Henan" title="Yichuan County, Henan">Yichuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinhua_District,_Pingdingshan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua District, Pingdingshan">Xinhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weidong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidong District">Weidong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanhe District">Zhanhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shilong District">Shilong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baofeng_County" title="Baofeng County">Baofeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_County" title="Ye County">Ye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_County,_Henan" title="Lushan County, Henan">Lushan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jia_County,_Henan" title="Jia County, Henan">Jia County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiguan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiguan District">Beiguan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenfeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenfeng District">Wenfeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yindu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yindu District">Yindu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Long'an District">Long'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang_County" title="Anyang County">Anyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangyin_County" title="Tangyin County">Tangyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hua_County" title="Hua County">Hua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neihuang_County" title="Neihuang County">Neihuang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qibin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibin District">Qibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shancheng District">Shancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan_District,_Hebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Heshan District, Hebi">Heshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_County" title="Xun County">Xun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_County,_Hebi" title="Qi County, Hebi">Qi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weibin_District,_Xinxiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Weibin District, Xinxiang">Weibin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongqi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongqi District">Hongqi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengquan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengquan District">Fengquan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muye_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Muye District">Muye District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyuan" title="Changyuan">Changyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang_County" title="Xinxiang County">Xinxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huojia_County" title="Huojia County">Huojia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanyang_County,_Henan" title="Yuanyang County, Henan">Yuanyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanjin_County,_Henan" title="Yanjin County, Henan">Yanjin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengqiu_County" title="Fengqiu County">Fengqiu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiefang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiefang District">Jiefang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanyang District">Shanyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongzhan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongzhan District">Zhongzhan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Macun District">Macun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuwu_County" title="Xiuwu County">Xiuwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%27ai_County" title="Bo'ai County">Bo'ai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhi_County" title="Wuzhi County">Wuzhi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wen_County,_Henan" title="Wen County, Henan">Wen County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hualong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hualong District">Hualong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingfeng_County" title="Qingfeng County">Qingfeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanle_County" title="Nanle County">Nanle County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_County" title="Fan County">Fan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiqian_County" title="Taiqian County">Taiqian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang_County" title="Puyang County">Puyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weidu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Weidu District">Weidu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jian'an District">Jian'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanling_County,_Henan" title="Yanling County, Henan">Yanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_County,_Henan" title="Xiangcheng County, Henan">Xiangcheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuanhui District">Yuanhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng_District,_Luohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yancheng District, Luohe">Yancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaoling District">Shaoling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyang_County" title="Wuyang County">Wuyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linying_County" title="Linying County">Linying County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubin_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubin District">Hubin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanzhou District">Shanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianchi_County" title="Mianchi County">Mianchi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushi_County" title="Lushi County">Lushi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolong District">Wolong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wancheng District">Wancheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzhao_County" title="Nanzhao County">Nanzhao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcheng_County" title="Fangcheng County">Fangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xixia_County" title="Xixia County">Xixia County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenping_County,_Henan" title="Zhenping County, Henan">Zhenping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neixiang_County" title="Neixiang County">Neixiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichuan_County" title="Xichuan County">Xichuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheqi_County" title="Sheqi County">Sheqi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanghe_County" title="Tanghe County">Tanghe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinye_County" title="Xinye County">Xinye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongbai_County" title="Tongbai County">Tongbai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liangyuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Liangyuan District">Liangyuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Suiyang District">Suiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng_County" title="Yucheng County">Yucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minquan_County" title="Minquan County">Minquan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningling_County" title="Ningling County">Ningling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_County,_Henan" title="Sui County, Henan">Sui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiayi_County" title="Xiayi County">Xiayi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhecheng_County" title="Zhecheng County">Zhecheng County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shihe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihe District">Shihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingqiao District">Pingqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_County,_Henan" title="Xi County, Henan">Xi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibin_County" title="Huaibin County">Huaibin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangchuan_County" title="Huangchuan County">Huangchuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshan_County" title="Guangshan County">Guangshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gushi_County" title="Gushi County">Gushi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcheng_County" title="Shangcheng County">Shangcheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoshan_County" title="Luoshan County">Luoshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xin_County" title="Xin County">Xin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuanhui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuanhui District">Chuanhui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyang District">Huaiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugou_County" title="Fugou County">Fugou County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihua_County" title="Xihua County">Xihua County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangshui_County" title="Shangshui County">Shangshui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taikang_County" title="Taikang County">Taikang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luyi_County" title="Luyi County">Luyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancheng_County" title="Dancheng County">Dancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenqiu_County" title="Shenqiu County">Shenqiu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_District,_Zhumadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Yicheng District, Zhumadian">Yicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queshan_County" title="Queshan County">Queshan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyang_County" title="Biyang County">Biyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suiping_County" title="Suiping County">Suiping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiping_County" title="Xiping County">Xiping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangcai_County" title="Shangcai County">Shangcai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runan_County" title="Runan County">Runan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyu_County" title="Pingyu County">Pingyu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xincai_County" title="Xincai County">Xincai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengyang_County" title="Zhengyang County">Zhengyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial administered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="county-level_city39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">county-level city</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_China" title="State Council of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River396" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River396" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities along the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center"><b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Provincial_level_subdivisions" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level<br />subdivisions</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Cities</b> (from upper reaches to lower reaches)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Major cities along the Yellow River"><img alt="Major cities along the Yellow River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/420px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/630px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/840px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzhong City">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Nur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayan Nur">Bayan Nur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> (boundaries of upper and middle reaches)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinglu_County" title="Pinglu County">Pinglu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugu_County" title="Fugu County">Fugu County</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiaxian_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiaxian County (page does not exist)">Jiaxian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubu_County" title="Wubu County">Wubu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>(boundaries of middle and lower reaches)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Pearl River">Major cities along the Pearl River</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River">Major cities along the Yangtze River</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu-Chongqing_Economic_Circle" title="Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture_(China)" title="Prefecture (China)">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes351" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187136#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1517" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187136#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1517" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187136#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129228752">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1873232/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4249839-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007078357">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11973868v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11973868v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00647718">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Luo-jang (Henan, Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1031638&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>74 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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