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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samenstelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samenstelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Samenstelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samenstelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explosiereactie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explosiereactie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Explosiereactie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explosiereactie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactievergelijking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactievergelijking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reactievergelijking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactievergelijking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Buskruit</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 118 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buskruit" title="Buskruit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Buskruit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzpulver" title="Schwarzpulver – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schwarzpulver" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polvora" title="Polvora – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Polvora" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6" title="बारूद – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बारूद" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="بارود – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بارود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="بارود – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بارود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6" title="বাৰুদ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাৰুদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lvora" title="Pólvora – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pólvora" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6" title="बारूद – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बारूद" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%C4%B1t" title="Barıt – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Barıt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%82" title="زارنیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زارنیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дары – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraks" title="Paraks – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Paraks" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Дымны порах – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дымны порах" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Дымны порах – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дымны порах" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obat_bedil" title="Obat bedil – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Obat bedil" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82" title="Барут – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Барут" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6" title="बारूद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बारूद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6" title="বারুদ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বারুদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultr_du" title="Poultr du – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poultr du" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barut" title="Barut – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Barut" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Дари – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дари" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lvora" title="Pólvora – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pólvora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA" title="باڕووت – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="باڕووت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polvera_negra" title="Polvera negra – Corsicaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Polvera negra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsicaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99eln%C3%BD_prach" title="Střelný prach – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Střelný prach" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powdwr_gwn" title="Powdwr gwn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Powdwr gwn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krudt" title="Krudt – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Krudt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzpulver" title="Schwarzpulver – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarzpulver" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Πυρίτιδα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυρίτιδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gunpowder" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulvo" title="Pulvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pulvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lvora" title="Pólvora – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pólvora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCssirohi" title="Püssirohi – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Püssirohi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolbora" title="Bolbora – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bolbora" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="باروت – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باروت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustaruuti" title="Mustaruuti – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mustaruuti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCss%C3%A4ruuh" title="Püssäruuh – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Püssäruuh" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poudre_noire" title="Poudre noire – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poudre noire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suartpolwer" title="Suartpolwer – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Suartpolwer" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BAdar_gunna" title="Púdar gunna – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Púdar gunna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapoud_nw%C3%A8" title="Lapoud nwè – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lapoud nwè" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lvora" title="Pólvora – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pólvora" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A7_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%94" title="אבק שרפה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבק שרפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6" title="बारूद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बारूद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barut" title="Barut – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Barut" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C5%91por" title="Lőpor – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lőpor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D6%87_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%A4" title="Սև վառոդ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սև վառոդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesiu" title="Mesiu – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesiu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polbora" title="Polbora – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Polbora" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byssup%C3%BA%C3%B0ur" title="Byssupúður – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Byssupúður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polvere_nera" title="Polvere nera – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polvere nera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E8%89%B2%E7%81%AB%E8%96%AC" title="黒色火薬 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黒色火薬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonpouda" title="Gonpouda – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gonpouda" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="დენთი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დენთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agari" title="Agari – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Agari" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%94z%CA%8B%CA%8B_m%CA%8Bl%CA%8Bm_n%CC%84%C9%A9%C5%8Bg%CA%8B_k%C9%A9kp%C9%9B%C9%9Bd%CA%8B_(Poudre_noire)" title="Hɔzʋʋ mʋlʋm n̄ɩŋgʋ kɩkpɛɛdʋ (Poudre noire) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hɔzʋʋ mʋlʋm n̄ɩŋgʋ kɩkpɛɛdʋ (Poudre noire)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%9B%E2%80%93%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D1%96" title="Оқ–дәрі – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оқ–дәрі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81" title="ಕೋವಿಮದ್ದು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೋವಿಮದ್ದು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%83%89%ED%99%94%EC%95%BD" title="흑색화약 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑색화약" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%C3%BBd" title="Barûd – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Barûd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polter_gonn" title="Polter gonn – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Polter gonn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кара дары – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кара дары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulvis_pyrius" title="Pulvis pyrius – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pulvis pyrius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polfer" title="Polfer – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Polfer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polver_negra" title="Polver negra – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Polver negra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakas" title="Parakas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Parakas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ABmu_pulveris" title="Dūmu pulveris – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dūmu pulveris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanja" title="Vanja – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vanja" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubuak_mansiu" title="Bubuak mansiu – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bubuak mansiu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82" title="Барут – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Барут" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D" title="വെടിമരുന്ന് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെടിമരുന്ന്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Дарь – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дарь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesiu" title="Mesiu – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mesiu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ယမ်း – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCssenkruud" title="Büssenkruud – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Büssenkruud" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6" title="बारूद – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बारूद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0" title="गनपाउडर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गनपाउडर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krut" title="Krut – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Krut" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krutt" title="Krutt – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Krutt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polvera" title="Polvera – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Polvera" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A6" title="ਬਾਰੂਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਰੂਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubat" title="Ubat – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ubat" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proch_czarny" title="Proch czarny – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Proch czarny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A4%DA%88%D8%B1" title="گن پاؤڈر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گن پاؤڈر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="باروت – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="باروت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lvora" title="Pólvora – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pólvora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratata_allpa" title="Ratata allpa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ratata allpa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praf_de_pu%C8%99c%C4%83" title="Praf de pușcă – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Praf de pușcă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Дымный порох – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дымный порох" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Буорах – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Буорах" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B9vuli_(di_sparu)" title="Prùvuli (di sparu) – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Prùvuli (di sparu)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpouder" title="Gunpouder – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gunpouder" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="بارود – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بارود" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barut" title="Barut – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Barut" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gunpowder" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C5%A1n%C3%BD_prach" title="Pušný prach – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pušný prach" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smodnik" title="Smodnik – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Smodnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unga" title="Unga – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Unga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruti" title="Baruti – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Baruti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82" title="Барут – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Барут" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartkrut" title="Svartkrut – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svartkrut" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruti" title="Baruti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Baruti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="வெடிமருந்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெடிமருந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="గన్ పౌడర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గన్ పౌడర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99" title="ดินปืน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดินปืน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulbura" title="Pulbura – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pulbura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabarut" title="Karabarut – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karabarut" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Дары – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Димний порох – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Димний порох" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="بارود – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بارود" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%91c_s%C3%BAng" title="Thuốc súng – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuốc súng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulbura" title="Pulbura – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pulbura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D1%80" title="Дәр – Kalmuks" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Дәр" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ფინდიხი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფინდიხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="שיספולווער – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שיספולווער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%81%AB%E8%8D%AF" title="黑火药 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黑火药" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%81%AB%E8%97%A5" title="黑火藥 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黑火藥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12861#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Buskruit" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Buskruit" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Buskruit"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Buskruit"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Buskruit" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Buskruit" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&oldid=68384175" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Buskruit&id=68384175&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBuskruit"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBuskruit"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Buskruit"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Buskruit&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gunpowder" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12861" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-woordenboek" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="tpl_Woordenboek"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/buskruit" title="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek"><img alt="Zoek dit woord op in WikiWoordenboek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Black_Powder-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Black_Powder-1.JPG/260px-Black_Powder-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Black_Powder-1.JPG/390px-Black_Powder-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Black_Powder-1.JPG/520px-Black_Powder-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Buskruit</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Buskruit</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Explosief" title="Explosief">explosief</a> mengsel dat gebruikt wordt om <a href="/wiki/Projectiel" title="Projectiel">projectielen</a> af te schieten, om <a href="/wiki/Vuurpijl" title="Vuurpijl">vuurpijlen</a> voort te stuwen en als uitstootlading in <a href="/wiki/Vuurwerk" title="Vuurwerk">vuurwerk</a>. </p><p>Vroeger werd buskruit ook in de <a href="/wiki/Mijnbouw" title="Mijnbouw">mijnbouw</a> gebruikt. Ook al bestaan tegenwoordig krachtigere mengsels (<a href="/wiki/Rookzwak_kruit" title="Rookzwak kruit">rookzwak kruit</a>), het <i>zwartkruit</i> (zwart buskruit) is nog steeds het meest gebruikte mengsel in pyrotechnische installaties, vooral vanwege de grote stabiliteit van het mengsel, waardoor het niet snel zal ontbranden na een flinke slag of stoot. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg/260px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg/390px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg/520px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption>Een Mongoolse bom wordt geworpen tegen een aanval van Japanse Samurai gedurende de Mongoolse invasie van Japan, 1281</figcaption></figure> <p>Buskruit is het oudst bekende explosieve mengsel. Explosieve mengsels werden al in de <a href="/wiki/9e_eeuw" title="9e eeuw">9e eeuw</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_keizerrijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese keizerrijk">China</a> gemaakt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De eerste beschrijving van echt buskruit komt voor in de militaire encyclopedie <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wu_Ching_tsung_Yao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wu Ching tsung Yao (de pagina bestaat niet)">Wu Ching tsung Yao</a></i> uit ongeveer het midden van de elfde eeuw. In het jaar 1232 werd buskruit gebruikt door de <a href="/wiki/Mongoolse_Rijk" title="Mongoolse Rijk">Mongolen</a> bij de belegering van de stad <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>. </p><p>De eerste schriftelijke vermeldingen van buskruit in Europa komen voor in de teksten <a href="/wiki/Opus_Majus" title="Opus Majus">Opus Majus</a> (1267) en Opus Tertium van de Engelse wetenschapper <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>. </p><p>Het belangrijke, maar lastig te vinden of te maken ingrediënt <a href="/wiki/Salpeter" title="Salpeter">salpeter</a> is zeer waarschijnlijk wel aan de Chinezen ontleend. De <a href="/wiki/Arabieren" title="Arabieren">Arabieren</a> kenden in 1240 salpeter als 'sneeuw van de Chinezen'. Eeuwenlang is buskruit daarna gebruikt in steeds vernuftiger wordende <a href="/wiki/Vuurwapen" title="Vuurwapen">vuurwapens</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samenstelling">Samenstelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Samenstelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Samenstelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De oudste vorm is <i>zwart buskruit</i>, dat bestond uit een poeder (<i>sas</i>) van salpeter (gewoonlijk <a href="/wiki/Kaliumnitraat" title="Kaliumnitraat">kaliumnitraat</a>), <a href="/wiki/Houtskool" title="Houtskool">houtskool</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zwavel" title="Zwavel">zwavel</a>, gemengd in de respectievelijke massaverhoudingen 75/15/10, of als zwavelloze variant: kaliumnitraat/houtskool 82/18. Als alle ingrediënten fijn gepoederd en vermengd zijn, heet het mengsel <i>green powder</i> of slangenpoeder; het mengsel verbrandt traag en laat veel residu achter. Als het mengsel nog een paar uur met een <a href="/wiki/Kogelmolen" title="Kogelmolen">kogelmolen</a> wordt gemalen, heet het resulterende mengsel <i>meal powder</i> (letterlijk: 'meelkruit'). Dit is zeer brandbaar en prima bruikbaar voor uitstootladingen in raketten en vuurpijlen; bovendien laat het vrij weinig tot geen residu achter. De grondstoffen moeten zeer zuiver zijn. Vooral het salpeter, oorspronkelijk uit mestkelders en dergelijke gewonnen, was schaars. </p><p>Einde 19e eeuw werd het <a href="/wiki/Rookzwak_kruit" title="Rookzwak kruit">rookzwak kruit</a> ontwikkeld. Dit bestaat uit <a href="/wiki/Cellulosenitraat" title="Cellulosenitraat">cellulosenitraat</a> en <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerine" title="Nitroglycerine">glycerinenitraat</a> en het wordt, in allerlei vormen, in moderne <a href="/wiki/Munitie" title="Munitie">munitie</a> gebruikt. </p><p>De effectiviteit van het mengsel kan nog belangrijk worden verbeterd door het onder toevoeging van water (en soms <a href="/wiki/Dextrine" title="Dextrine">dextrine</a>) nog een poos samen te malen in een kogelmolen, en vervolgens te drogen en te zeven. Hierdoor wordt een veel inniger vermenging van de bestanddelen bereikt. Men spreekt dan van <i>pulverone</i>. Voor een nog beter resultaat kan dit mengsel onder hoge druk tot koeken geperst worden en deze koeken te breken en op korrelgrootte te zeven. Hierna volgt voor de grotere korrels nog een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grafitering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grafitering (de pagina bestaat niet)">grafiteringsstap</a> om de korrels beter te laten vloeien. </p><p>Na droging is het mengsel gemakkelijk tot ontbranding te brengen, een elektrostatische ontlading kan hiervoor genoeg zijn. Buskruit kan wegens het ontbrandingsgevaar alleen nat worden gemalen. De hevigheid van de verbrandingsreactie hangt zowel af van de mengverhouding als van de korrelvorm en de korrelgrootte waarin het mengsel is gebracht. Ook is uit ervaringen gebleken dat het soort gebruikte houtskool erg van belang is voor de kwaliteit van het buskruit. Zo worden vooral houtskool van zachte houtsoorten als <a href="/wiki/Wilg" title="Wilg">wilgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">paulownia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hennep" title="Hennep">hennep</a> of <a href="/wiki/Balsa_(houtsoort)" title="Balsa (houtsoort)">balsahout</a> gebruikt. Soms worden de mengverhoudingen wat aangepast (afhankelijk van het doel waarvoor het mengsel wordt gebruikt). Kaliumnitraat is beter dan <a href="/wiki/Natriumnitraat" title="Natriumnitraat">natriumnitraat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ammoniumnitraat" title="Ammoniumnitraat">ammoniumnitraat</a>, omdat die te <a href="/wiki/Hygroscopisch" title="Hygroscopisch">hygroscopisch</a> zijn. In het verleden werd ook wel gebruikgemaakt van het veel goedkopere calciumnitraat, maar ook dit zout is hygroscopisch. Ammoniumnitraat is zelfs helemaal niet goed bruikbaar, omdat dit de neiging heeft te ontleden, waardoor het de houtskool en de zwavel niet oxideert. Dit resulteert in een lage brandsnelheid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explosiereactie">Explosiereactie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Explosiereactie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Explosiereactie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij de verbranding ontleedt het kaliumnitraat waarbij <a href="/wiki/Dizuurstof" title="Dizuurstof">zuurstofgas</a> vrijkomt dat reageert met de <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a> en <a href="/wiki/Zwavel" title="Zwavel">zwavel</a> onder ontwikkeling van warmte en een aantal vaste en gasvormige <a href="/wiki/Reactieproduct" title="Reactieproduct">reactieproducten</a>, met name <a href="/wiki/Koolstofmonoxide" title="Koolstofmonoxide">CO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a>, <a href="/wiki/Stikstof_(element)" title="Stikstof (element)">N<sub>2</sub></a> en <a href="/wiki/Zwaveldioxide" title="Zwaveldioxide">SO<sub>2</sub></a>. De vaste producten zijn vooral kaliumoxide, -sulfide en -sulfaat. De verbranding vindt snel plaats, maar wordt pas explosief als het kruit opgesloten is in een kleine ruimte. De snelheid van verbranding in het mengsel blijft onder die van het geluid - buskruit <a href="/wiki/Detonatie" title="Detonatie">detoneert</a> niet. Overigens kloppen onderstaande reacties niet helemaal, aangezien houtskool behalve koolstof ook <a href="/wiki/Potas" title="Potas">potas</a> (kaliumcarbonaat) en andere zouten bevat. Dit kaliumcarbonaat is een belangrijke <a href="/wiki/Katalysator" title="Katalysator">katalysator</a>. Het is daarom niet mogelijk buskruit te maken van pure koolstof. </p><p>De explosieve kracht van zwart kruit is betrekkelijk gering. Het verbrijzelt naastliggende structuren niet (wat in de mijnbouw een voordeel kan zijn) maar duwt ze weg. De relatieve hoeveelheid vast residu na de explosie is een van de redenen dat zwart buskruit niet meer in geweerpatronen wordt gebruikt: de producten zijn sterk corrosief (<a href="/wiki/Zwaveligzuur" title="Zwaveligzuur">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub></a> en <a href="/wiki/Kaliumoxide" title="Kaliumoxide">K<sub>2</sub>O</a> tasten de loop aan). Ook verraadt de grote rookwolk onmiddellijk de plaats van de schutter. </p><p>De vorm van de kruitkorrels heeft invloed op de snelheidsopbouw van het projectiel tijdens de verplaatsing door de loop van het wapen (zie <i><a href="/wiki/Inwendige_ballistiek" title="Inwendige ballistiek">inwendige ballistiek</a></i>). Bij bolvormige kruitkorrels neemt het brandende oppervlak (en dus de druktoename) gestaag af. Bij kruitkorrels met een binnenkant (bijvoorbeeld bij de <a href="/wiki/Cilinder_(meetkunde)" title="Cilinder (meetkunde)">cilindervorm</a>) blijft het brandende oppervlak constant, of neemt gedurende enige tijd zelfs toe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactievergelijking">Reactievergelijking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Reactievergelijking" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Reactievergelijking"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Twee van de vele mogelijke theoretische <a href="/wiki/Reactievergelijking" title="Reactievergelijking">reactievergelijkingen</a> voor buskruit zijn </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {10KNO3 + 8C + 3S -> 2K2CO3 + 3K2SO4 + 5 N2 + 6 CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>KNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>C</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>S</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {10KNO3 + 8C + 3S -> 2K2CO3 + 3K2SO4 + 5 N2 + 6 CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d65a78d721f7f9bc6721c21fa90888413693e655" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:62.449ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {10KNO3 + 8C + 3S -> 2K2CO3 + 3K2SO4 + 5 N2 + 6 CO2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2KNO3 + 3C + S -> K2S + 3CO2 + N2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>KNO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>C</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>S</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>S</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2KNO3 + 3C + S -> K2S + 3CO2 + N2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/954485074e4ea45b3d3cfc714a6dbd2082ade4cb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:41.983ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2KNO3 + 3C + S -> K2S + 3CO2 + N2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>De warmte vrijgekomen bij deze explosie is 2860 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule" title="Kilojoule">kJ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a> en de volumevergrotingsfactor is 5100. Inderdaad: links in de reactievergelijkingen staan vaste stoffen, die dus weinig volume innemen. Rechts in de reactievergelijkingen staan gassen, die dus meer volume innemen. Het zijn ook gassen die een projectiel voortstuwen. </p><p>Uit de reactievergelijkingen blijkt ook in welke verhoudingen de bestanddelen gemengd moeten worden. De eerste reactievergelijking geeft 10 mol salpeter = 1010 g, 8 mol koolstof = 96 g en 3 mol zwavel = 96 g, of een massaverhouding 84:8:8. De tweede reactievergelijking geeft 2 mol salpeter = 202 g, 3 mol koolstof = 36 g en 1 mol zwavel = 32 g, of een massaverhouding 75:13:12. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berthold_Schwarz" title="Berthold Schwarz">Berthold Schwarz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080202165055/http://www.geocities.com/jswortham/gunpowder.html">Buskruitfabricage</a>. Oude, maar zeer grondige behandeling van de samenstelling, fabricage, eigenschappen en reacties bij de verbranding van zwart buskruit.</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428190355/http://chemistry.about.com/od/historyofchemistry/a/gunpowder.htm">Gunpowder</a>, about.com</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gunpowder#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gunpowder">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gunpowder#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gunpowder">Gunpowder</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/buskruit" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/buskruit">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&oldid=68384175">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buskruit&oldid=68384175</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Explosief" title="Categorie:Explosief">Explosief</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 15 nov 2024 om 11:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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