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Encadrement des loyers : en quoi consiste-t-il ? | Studapart
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<div class="ArticlePage_secondary color-ft-strong"> <div class="ArticlePage_info"> <p class="mv-20"> <b>Publié le :</b> 30 novembre 2022 </p> <div class="UserProfile"> <div class="ProfilePicture lazyload UserProfile_picture " data-bg="/sites/prod/files/pictures/2022-03/Sans%20titre%20%289%29.png"></div> <div> <p class="UserProfile_name">Mélanie</p> <p class="UserProfile_subtitle">Rédactrice web</p> </div> </div> <hr class="mv-20"> <p class="mb-5"> <b>Partager :</b> </p> <div class="SocialShare "> <a class="SocialShare_link" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.studapart.com/fr/nos-astuces/proprietaires/encadrement-des-loyers-en-quoi-consiste-t-il" target="_blank"> <span class="Icon Icon--height SocialShare_item" style="--height: 20px; height: 20px;"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M25 2.375c-.984.417-1.967.677-2.95.782 1.11-.657 1.86-1.584 2.252-2.782-1.015.594-2.1 1-3.252 1.219C20.035.531 18.787 0 17.306 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45.9-20.4 45.9-45.9 45.9zM433.5 433.5H357V298.35c0-20.399-17.85-38.25-38.25-38.25s-38.25 17.851-38.25 38.25V433.5H204V204h76.5v30.6c12.75-20.4 40.8-35.7 63.75-35.7 48.45 0 89.25 40.8 89.25 89.25V433.5z"/></svg></span> </a> </div> <div class="d-none@m"> <p class="mt-40 mb-10"> <b>Et si vous nous rejoigniez ?</b> </p> <a href="https://www.studapart.com/fr/register/owner" class="ButtonRectangle ButtonRectangle--green" > <span class="ButtonRectangle_content"> <span class="ButtonRectangle_text"> Commencer </span> </span> <div class="ButtonRectangle_loader"> <i class="fal fa-spinner-third"></i> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ArticlePage_main"> <h1 class="Title mb-40">Encadrement des loyers : en quoi consiste-t-il ?</h1> <div class="cke ft-l@s"> <p>En théorie, le propriétaire peut fixer librement le montant du loyer du logement qu’il met en location. Cependant, dans les villes où il est compliqué de se loger, à cause d’un manque de logements disponibles pour les locataires, la loi a prévu des dispositifs d’encadrement des loyers pour éviter que leurs montants ne s’envolent.</p> <p> </p> <p>A quoi correspondent ces dispositifs ? A qui s’applique l’encadrement des loyers ? Comment se calcule-t-il et quels sont les risques à ne pas respecter cette règle ?</p> <p> </p> <p>Studapart fait le point sur l’encadrement des loyers.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Qu'est-ce que l’encadrement des loyers ?</h2> <p> </p> <p>Le principe de l’encadrement des loyers est de fixer une limite au montant du loyer pouvant être demandé par le propriétaire d’un logement.</p> <p> </p> <p>Il existe deux types d’encadrements des loyers :</p> <p> </p> <ul><li aria-level="1">L’encadrement de l’évolution des loyers : il s’applique au sens large dans les communes situées en zones dites « tendues », c’est-à-dire les communes où le nombre de logements à louer est nettement en dessous du nombre de personnes cherchant une location, au titre de leur résidence principale. Ce mécanisme a pour objectif de limiter les augmentations de loyer entre deux locations, ainsi que lors des renouvellements de bail.</li> <li aria-level="1">L’encadrement du niveau des loyers : il concerne le montant des loyers dans des zones expérimentales, par application de l’article 140 de la loi Elan (23 novembre 2018). L’idée ici est plutôt de fixer des loyers de référence. Pour que ce plafonnement soit mis en place, ce sont les communes et territoires concernés qui doivent en faire la demande auprès du ministère de la Cohésion des territoires et des Relations avec les collectivités territoriales.</li> </ul><p> </p> <p>Découvrez tous nos conseils pour<a href="https://www.studapart.com/fr/nos-astuces/proprietaires/valoriser-mon-logement/proprietaire-comment-fixer-le-prix-d-un-loyer"> fixer le montant d’un loyer</a> dans notre article.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Qui est soumis à l'encadrement du loyer ?</h2> <p> </p> <p>L’encadrement des loyers concerne à la fois :</p> <p> </p> <ul><li aria-level="1">Les zones tendues : elles sont définies par la loi comme « les zones d'urbanisation continue de plus de 50.000 habitants où il existe un déséquilibre marqué entre l'offre et la demande de logements ». En 2022, quasiment 1 150 communes se situent dans une zone tendue. Pour<a href="https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/R49131"> savoir si votre logement se trouve dans une zone tendue</a> ou non, vous pouvez vous rendre sur le simulateur du Service Public.</li> <li aria-level="1">Les zones expérimentales ayant demandé à être soumises à l’encadrement des loyers. Il s’agit de : <ul><li aria-level="2">Paris, depuis le 1er juillet 2019.</li> <li aria-level="2">Lille, Hellemmes, et Lomme, depuis le 1er mars 2020.</li> <li aria-level="2">A Plaine commune, depuis le 1er juin 2021 (Aubervilliers, La Courneuve, Épinay-sur-Seine, L'Île-Saint-Denis, Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, Saint-Denis, Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine, Stains, Villetaneuse).</li> <li aria-level="2">A Lyon et Villeurbanne, depuis le 1er novembre 2021.</li> <li aria-level="2">Sur le territoire d’Est Ensemble, depuis le 1er décembre 2021 (Bagnolet, Bobigny, Bondy, Le Pré Saint-Gervais, Les Lilas, Montreuil, Noisy-le-Sec, Pantin, Romainville).</li> <li aria-level="2">Montpellier, depuis le 1er juillet 2022.</li> <li aria-level="2">et Bordeaux, depuis le 15 juillet 2022.</li> </ul></li> </ul><p> </p> <div class="idea"><strong>Bon à savoir : </strong>les logements concernés sont ceux loués vides ou meublés, à usage de résidence principale, ou à usage mixte (résidence principale et activité professionnelle). Certains logements sont toutefois exclus de ce dispositif, à savoir : ceux soumis à la loi de 1948, les logements conventionnés par l’Anah (excepté les conventions à loyer intermédiaire), les logements sociaux, les sous-locations et les meublés de tourisme.</div> <p> </p> <h2>Dans quels cas peut-on dépasser le loyer de référence majoré ?</h2> <p> </p> <p>Il est possible d’aller au-delà du loyer de référence majoré, et de demander un complément de loyer au locataire si :</p> <p> </p> <ul><li aria-level="1">Le loyer de base est déjà équivalent au loyer de référence majoré.</li> <li aria-level="1">ET que le logement réponde à des caractéristiques de localisation ou de confort indéniables par rapport aux autres logements de la même catégorie, situés dans le même secteur géographique.</li> </ul><p> </p> <div class="idea"><strong>A noter : </strong>le gouvernement a mis en place un « bouclier loyer » jusqu’au 30 juin 2023. Dans les faits, cela signifie que les propriétaires n’ont pas le droit d’augmenter le montant de leur loyer de plus de 3,5 %.</div> <p> </p> <h2>Quelles sont les sanctions si je ne respecte pas l’encadrement ?</h2> <p> </p> <p>Si vous ne respectez pas l’encadrement du niveau des loyers, vous recevrez une mise en demeure préfectorale vous informant que :</p> <p> </p> <ul><li aria-level="1">Vous avez un délai de 2 mois pour remettre en conformité le montant de votre loyer et rendre le trop-versé à votre locataire.</li> <li aria-level="1">Vous risquez de devoir régler une amende pouvant aller jusqu'à 5 000 € (ou 15 000 € si vous louez sous le statut de personne morale).</li> </ul><p> </p> <h2>Comment se calcule l'encadrement des loyers ?</h2> <p> </p> <h3>L’encadrement de l’évolution des loyers dans les zones tendues</h3> <p> </p> <p>Si c’est la première fois que vous mettez votre logement en location, vous pouvez fixer son montant librement. Vous pouvez réviser le loyer 1 fois par an, si une clause dans le bail le prévoit.</p> <p> </p> <p>C’est en cas de remise en location ou de renouvellement de bail que l’encadrement s’applique (loi du 6 juillet 1989) :</p> <p> </p> <ul><li aria-level="1">Cas du renouvellement de bail : vous avez la possibilité d’augmenter le loyer si celui-ci est clairement sous-évalué par rapport au prix du marché, ou si la consommation en énergie primaire de votre logement est sous le seuil des 331 kWh par m² et par an. Vous devrez pouvoir le justifier par un<a href="https://www.studapart.com/fr/nos-astuces/proprietaires/valoriser-mon-logement/diagnostic-de-performance-energetique"> DPE</a> de moins de 4 ans.</li> <li aria-level="1">Cas de nouvelle mise en location : si vous avez eu une vacance locative (absence de locataire) de plus de 18 mois, vous pouvez fixer votre loyer librement. Dans le cas contraire, vous pourrez réviser le loyer seulement dans les cas suivants : vous n’avez pas réévalué le loyer dans les 12 derniers mois, vous avez effectué des travaux dans le logement justifiant une augmentation du loyer, ou le loyer est sous-évalué par rapport au marché.</li> </ul><p> </p> <div class="danger"><strong>Attention :</strong> la révision du loyer n’est plus possible pour les logements dont la classe énergétique est F ou G, si le bail a été signé à partir du 24 août 2022.</div> <p> </p> <p>On vous explique toutes les<a href="https://www.studapart.com/fr/nos-astuces/proprietaires/valoriser-mon-logement/reviser-son-loyer-via-lindice-de-reference"> règles de la révision du loyer sur la base de l’indice de références des loyers</a>.</p> <p> </p> <h3>L’encadrement du niveau des loyers dans les zones expérimentales</h3> <p> </p> <p>Dans les zones qui expérimentent l’encadrement du niveau des loyers, le dispositif est le suivant. Un arrêté préfectoral annuel donne les montants, exprimés en prix au m² de surface habitable :</p> <p> </p> <ul><li aria-level="1">du loyer de référence ;</li> <li aria-level="1">du loyer de référence majoré : supérieur de 20 % ;</li> <li aria-level="1">du loyer de référence minoré : diminué de 30 %.</li> </ul><p> </p> <p>Le loyer de référence ne sera pas le même selon :</p> <p> </p> <ul><li aria-level="1">le type de location : le logement est loué vide ou meublé ;</li> <li aria-level="1">le nombre de pièces du logement ;</li> <li aria-level="1">le secteur géographique du logement ;</li> <li aria-level="1">la date de construction du logement.</li> </ul><p> </p> <p>Les règles de fixation du loyer sont ensuite les suivantes :</p> <p> </p> <ul><li aria-level="1">Pour une première mise en location de votre logement : le loyer est fixé librement, dans la limite du loyer de référence majoré, et dans le respect de l’encadrement de l’évolution des loyers.</li> <li aria-level="1">Pour un renouvellement de bail : si le loyer appliqué jusqu’alors est inférieur au loyer de référence minoré en vigueur, vous pourrez augmenter le loyer. L’inverse est également vrai : si le loyer est devenu supérieur au loyer de référence majoré en vigueur au moment du renouvellement du bail, le locataire peut demander une diminution du loyer.</li> <li aria-level="1">Pour une nouvelle mise en location après moins de 18 mois d’inoccupation : le loyer ne peut être augmenté que s’il n’a pas été révisé dans les 12 derniers mois, si des travaux d’amélioration ont été faits, ou si le montant du loyer est sous-évalué. Là encore, le nouveau loyer ne pourra pas dépasser le loyer de référence majoré.</li> <li aria-level="1">Pour une nouvelle mise en location après plus de 18 mois d’inoccupation : la règle de fixation du loyer est la même que pour la première mise en location du logement.</li> </ul><p> </p> <div> <div background="" class="ImageWithTextAndCta"><img alt="deposer mon annonce gratuitement" class="frz-img" loading="lazy" src="https://www.studapart.com/sites/prod/files/2023-07/iStock-1174105763%201_0.png?frz-v=3777" width="988" height="660" onload="frzRemoveDimensionsTag(this)"><div class="img-content"> <div class="text">Une expérience locative simple et humaine, 100% gratuite !</div> <a class="btn ButtonRectangle ButtonRectangle--green" href="https://proprietaire.studapart.com/fr/register/owner?_ga=2.254735176.1196628488.1689867410-786320426.1689867410&_gl=1*p6hnmp*_ga_PXQRZN5THC*MTY4OTg2NzAxMC4xLjEuMTY4OTg2ODE4NC4wLjAuMA..*_fplc*UFdQYU9taXpFQ3VWYkxFUnRidWdvM2JDVnFPY3YxNzZnY1B6RmFQZ2Vicjg5dVhGeDdIVFpybm13eHBWMzVOS3o5ZWhHbWhRZkp6UHdaY1J5UWI5aWl2eFQlMkZKZHR2WDgyeVN3c3FneGRLYWQ4S3lYUmVQRVYzWnklMkZQak1GUSUzRCUzRA.." target="_blank">Je dépose mon annonce gratuitement</a></div> </div> </div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row fx-justify-between fx-align-center mt-100 mb-40"> <div class="col-8 col-12@s text-center@s"> <h3 class="Title"> <b>Autres articles similaires</b> </h3> </div> <div class="col-auto col-12@s text-center@s mt-20@s"> <a href="https://www.studapart.com/fr/nos-astuces/proprietaires/valoriser-mon-logement" class="ButtonRectangle ButtonRectangle--bordered" > <span class="ButtonRectangle_content"> <span class="ButtonRectangle_text"> Voir plus d'articles </span> </span> <div class="ButtonRectangle_loader"> <i class="fal fa-spinner-third"></i> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="row row-xs"> </div> </div> </article> <div class="JoinUs" style="background-image: url('https://www.studapart.com/themes/custom/iw_bootstrap4/assets/img/background/join-us.jpg?frz-v=3777');"> <div class="Wrapper"> <div class="row fx-align-center"> <div class="col-6 col-8@m col-12@s"> <h4 class="Title Title--light max-width-2xs"> Rejoignez la culture du mieux loger <i>!</i> </h4> <ul class="JoinUs_list"> <li class="JoinUs_item">Toutes vos démarches simplifiées</li> <li class="JoinUs_item">100% des annonces vérifiées</li> <li class="JoinUs_item">Accompagnés même après la réservation</li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-6 col-4@m col-12@s text-center"> <a href="https://www.studapart.com/fr/register/student" class="ButtonRectangle JoinUs_button ButtonRectangle--light" > <span class="ButtonRectangle_content"> <span class="ButtonRectangle_text"> Commencer </span> </span> <div class="ButtonRectangle_loader"> <i class="fal fa-spinner-third"></i> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Encadrement des loyers : en quoi consiste-t-il ?", "aggregateRating": { "@type": "AggregateRating", "ratingValue": "4.4", "bestRating": "5", "ratingCount": "650" } } </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.studapart.com/fr/nos-astuces/proprietaires/encadrement-des-loyers-en-quoi-consiste-t-il" }, "headline": "Encadrement des loyers : en quoi consiste-t-il ?", "description": "En théorie, le propriétaire peut fixer librement le montant du loyer du logement qu’il met en location. 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