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Disponível em 37 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Нівелір — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нівелір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivell_topogr%C3%A0fic" title="Nivell topogràfic — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nivell topogràfic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivellering" title="Nivellering — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nivellering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivellierger%C3%A4t" title="Nivelliergerät — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nivelliergerät" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Χωροβάτης — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χωροβάτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_(optical_instrument)" title="Level (optical instrument) — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Level (optical instrument)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel_topogr%C3%A1fico" title="Nivel topográfico — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nivel topográfico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelliir" title="Nivelliir — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nivelliir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nibel_topografiko" title="Nibel topografiko — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nibel topografiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaaituskoje" title="Vaaituskoje — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vaaituskoje" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niveau_optique" title="Niveau optique — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Niveau optique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%AA" title="מאזנת — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מאזנת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="डम्पी लेवल — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डम्पी लेवल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%A1%D6%83" title="Հարթաչափ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարթաչափ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livello_(strumento)" title="Livello (strumento) — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Livello (strumento)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ნიველირი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიველირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelyras" title="Nivelyras — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nivelyras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidz%C4%AB%C5%86s" title="Leidzīņs — Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Leidzīņs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelieris" title="Nivelieris — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nivelieris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="डम्पी लेवल — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डम्पी लेवल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterpas_(landmeetkunde)" title="Waterpas (landmeetkunde) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waterpas (landmeetkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwelator" title="Niwelator — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niwelator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivel%C4%83_topografic%C4%83" title="Nivelă topografică — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nivelă topografică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Нивелир — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нивелир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%D9%88" title="نىۋو — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىۋو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Нівелір — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нівелір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivelir" title="Nivelir — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nivelir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%96%E5%84%80" title="水準儀 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水準儀" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%8F%A1" title="平水鏡 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="平水鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q584082#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Sem_fontes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/40px-Question_book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/60px-Question_book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Question_book.svg/120px-Question_book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Este artigo <b>não cita <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">fontes confiáveis</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">inserir referências</a>. Conteúdo não <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Verificabilidade" title="Wikipédia:Verificabilidade">verificável</a> pode ser removido.—<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=N%C3%ADvel+topogr%C3%A1fico">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=N%C3%ADvel+topogr%C3%A1fico&oq=N%C3%ADvel+topogr%C3%A1fico">notícias</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=N%C3%ADvel+topogr%C3%A1fico">livros</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=N%C3%ADvel+topogr%C3%A1fico">acadêmico</a>)</span></small></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Julho de 2020</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Us_land_survey_officer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg/330px-Us_land_survey_officer.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg/500px-Us_land_survey_officer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Us_land_survey_officer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Nível topográfico</figcaption></figure> <p>O <b>Nível topográfico</b>, também chamado nível óptico, é um instrumento que tem a finalidade de medição de desníveis entre pontos que estão a distintas alturas ou trasladar a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linha_de_cota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linha de cota (página não existe)">cota</a> de um ponto conhecido a outro desconhecido. Ele se usa junto com uma <a href="/wiki/Baliza_topogr%C3%A1fica" title="Baliza topográfica">baliza</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="noprint" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/45px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>Este artigo é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. 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href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Cartografia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Cartografia (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";background:#A9D091;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a href="/wiki/Especial:EditPage/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Cartografia" title="Especial:EditPage/Predefinição:Cartografia"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";background:#A9D091;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cartografia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cartografia" title="Cartografia">Cartografia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BEDBAC; text-align:center;">Tópicos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerofotogrametria" title="Aerofotogrametria">Aerofotogrametria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerofotografia" title="Aerofotografia">Aerofotografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C3%A1lise_espacial" title="Análise espacial">Análise espacial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartografia_celeste" title="Cartografia celeste">Cartografia celeste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmografia" title="Cosmografia">Cosmografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engenharia_geogr%C3%A1fica" title="Engenharia geográfica">Engenharia geográfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estereoscopia" title="Estereoscopia">Estereoscopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotogrametria" title="Fotogrametria">Fotogrametria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geod%C3%A9sia" title="Geodésia">Geodésia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoprocessamento" title="Geoprocessamento">Geoprocessamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoposicionamento" title="Geoposicionamento">Geoposicionamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georreferenciamento" title="Georreferenciamento">Georreferenciamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipsometria" title="Hipsometria">Hipsometria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapeamento_digital" title="Mapeamento digital">Mapeamento digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenografia" title="Selenografia">Selenografia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemetria" title="Telemetria">Telemetria</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:ELW2-Besprechungsraum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ELW2-Besprechungsraum.jpg/120px-ELW2-Besprechungsraum.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/ELW2-Besprechungsraum.jpg/250px-ELW2-Besprechungsraum.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BEDBAC; text-align:center;">Conceitos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azimute" title="Azimute">Azimute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordenadas_geogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Coordenadas geográficas">Coordenadas geográficas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distor%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(cartografia)" title="Distorção (cartografia)">Distorção</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleva%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Elevação">Elevação</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuso_hor%C3%A1rio" title="Fuso horário">Fuso horário</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Localização">Localização</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">Latitude</a> e <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">Longitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linha_do_equador" title="Linha do equador">Linha do equador</a> e <a href="/wiki/Meridiano_de_Greenwich" title="Meridiano de Greenwich">Meridiano de Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralelo" title="Paralelo">Paralelos</a> e <a href="/wiki/Meridiano_(geografia)" title="Meridiano (geografia)">Meridianos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BEDBAC; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Topografia" title="Topografia">Topografia</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">Altitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colatitude" title="Colatitude">Colatitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curva_de_n%C3%ADvel" title="Curva de nível">Curva de nível</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Declinação magnética">Declinação magnética</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolinha" title="Isolinha">Isolinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantamento_hidrogr%C3%A1fico" title="Levantamento hidrográfico">Levantamento hidrográfico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantamento_topogr%C3%A1fico" title="Levantamento topográfico">Levantamento topográfico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADvel" title="Nível">Nível</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_do_mar" title="Nível do mar">Nível do mar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nível topográfico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivelamento" title="Nivelamento">Nivelamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_magn%C3%A9tico_terrestre" title="Campo magnético terrestre">Norte magnético</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte_cartogr%C3%A1fico" title="Norte cartográfico">Norte cartográfico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte_verdadeiro" title="Norte verdadeiro">Norte verdadeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfil_topogr%C3%A1fico" title="Perfil topográfico">Perfil topográfico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pico_ultraproeminente" title="Pico ultraproeminente">Pico ultraproeminente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poligonal_topogr%C3%A1fica" title="Poligonal topográfica">Poligonal topográfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponto_cardeal" title="Ponto cardeal">Ponto cardeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontos_subcolaterais" title="Pontos subcolaterais">Pontos subcolaterais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proemin%C3%AAncia_topogr%C3%A1fica" title="Proeminência topográfica">Proeminência topográfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_geod%C3%A9sica" title="Rede geodésica">Rede geodésica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relevo" title="Relevo">Relevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superf%C3%ADcie_terrestre" title="Superfície terrestre">Superfície terrestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_geod%C3%A9sica" title="Triangulação geodésica">Triangulação geodésica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Transversa_de_Mercator" title="Universal Transversa de Mercator">Universal Transversa de Mercator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9rtice_geod%C3%A9sico" title="Vértice geodésico">Vértice geodésico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BEDBAC; text-align:center;">Instrumentos</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authagraph" title="Authagraph">Authagraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAssola" title="Bússola">Bússola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_total" title="Estação total">Estação total</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estereosc%C3%B3pio" title="Estereoscópio">Estereoscópio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_dos_ventos" title="Rosa dos ventos">Rosa dos ventos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensoriamento_remoto" title="Sensoriamento remoto">Sensoriamento remoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sextante" title="Sextante">Sextante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_posicionamento_global" title="Sistema de posicionamento global">Sistema de posicionamento global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_de_navega%C3%A7%C3%A3o_por_sat%C3%A9lite" title="Sistema de navegação por satélite">Sistema de navegação por satélite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodolito" title="Teodolito">Teodolito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BEDBAC; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Mapa" title="Mapa">Mapas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carta_de_Cassini" title="Carta de Cassini">Carta de Cassini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carta_de_uso_e_ocupa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_solo" title="Carta de uso e ocupação do solo">Carta de uso e ocupação do solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carta_geol%C3%B3gica" title="Carta geológica">Carta geológica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carta_marina" title="Carta marina">Carta marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carta_n%C3%A1utica" title="Carta náutica">Carta náutica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carta_topogr%C3%A1fica" title="Carta topográfica">Carta topográfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartograma" title="Cartograma">Cartograma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escala_cartogr%C3%A1fica" title="Escala cartográfica">Escala cartográfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_coropl%C3%A9tico" title="Mapa coroplético">Mapa coroplético</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_dasim%C3%A9trico" title="Mapa dasimétrico">Mapa dasimétrico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_de_fluxo" title="Mapa de fluxo">Mapa de fluxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_Dymaxion" title="Mapa Dymaxion">Mapa Dymaxion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_econ%C3%B4mico" title="Mapa econômico">Mapa econômico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_em_alto_relevo" title="Mapa em alto relevo">Mapa em alto relevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_invertido" title="Mapa invertido">Mapa invertido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_meteorol%C3%B3gico" title="Mapa meteorológico">Mapa meteorológico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_mudo" title="Mapa mudo">Mapa mudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_pol%C3%ADtico" title="Mapa político">Mapa político</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa_tem%C3%A1tico" title="Mapa temático">Mapa temático</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapa-m%C3%BAndi" title="Mapa-múndi">Mapa-múndi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planisf%C3%A9rio_de_Cantino" title="Planisfério de Cantino">Planisfério de Cantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planisf%C3%A9rio_de_Cav%C3%A9rio" title="Planisfério de Cavério">Planisfério de Cavério</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planisf%C3%A9rio_de_Contarini" title="Planisfério de Contarini">Planisfério de Contarini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BEDBAC; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cartogr%C3%A1fica" title="Projeção cartográfica">Projeções</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_azimutal" title="Projeção azimutal">Azimutal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_azimutal_de_Lambert" title="Projeção azimutal de Lambert">de Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_azimutal_equidistante" title="Projeção azimutal equidistante">Equidistante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cil%C3%ADndrica" title="Projeção cilíndrica">Cilíndrica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cil%C3%ADndrica_de_Lambert" title="Projeção cilíndrica de Lambert">de Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cil%C3%ADndrica_equidistante" title="Projeção cilíndrica equidistante">Equidistante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_c%C3%B4nica" title="Projeção cônica">Cônica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_c%C3%B4nica_conforme_de_Lambert" title="Projeção cônica conforme de Lambert">de Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_c%C3%B4nica_equidistante_meridiana" title="Projeção cônica equidistante meridiana">Equidistante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_conforme" title="Projeção conforme">Conforme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Albers" title="Projeção de Albers">de Albers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Bonne" title="Projeção de Bonne">de Bonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Bottomley" title="Projeção de Bottomley">de Bottomley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Eckert_IV" title="Projeção de Eckert IV">de Eckert IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Gall-Peters" title="Projeção de Gall-Peters">de Gall-Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Mercator" title="Projeção de Mercator">de Mercator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_transversa_de_Mercator" title="Projeção transversa de Mercator">Transversa de Mercator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Miller" title="Projeção de Miller">de Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Mollweide" title="Projeção de Mollweide">de Mollweide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Robinson" title="Projeção de Robinson">de Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Werner" title="Projeção de Werner">de Werner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Dymaxion" title="Projeção Dymaxion">Dymaxion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_equivalente" title="Projeção equivalente">Equivalente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_estereogr%C3%A1fica" title="Projeção estereográfica">Estereográfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_gnom%C3%B4nica" title="Projeção gnomônica">Gnomônica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ortogr%C3%A1fica" title="Projeção ortográfica">Ortográfica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_quincuncial_de_Peirce" title="Projeção quincuncial de Peirce">Quincuncial de Peirce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Winke_tripel" title="Projeção Winke tripel">Winke tripel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ortogonal" title="Projeção ortogonal">Ortogonal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#BEDBAC; text-align:center;">Organizações</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoscience_Australia" title="Geoscience Australia">Geoscience Australia</a></li> <li><a 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