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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other prophets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_prophets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Muhammad</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Muhammad-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Muhammad subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Muhammad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inclusion_of_the_Ahl_al-Kisa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inclusion_of_the_Ahl_al-Kisa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Inclusion of the Ahl al-Kisa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inclusion_of_the_Ahl_al-Kisa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inclusion_of_Muhammad's_wives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inclusion_of_Muhammad's_wives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Inclusion of Muhammad's wives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inclusion_of_Muhammad's_wives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broader_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broader_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Broader interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broader_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conclusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conclusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Conclusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conclusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Place_in_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Place_in_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Place in Islam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Place_in_Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Place in Islam subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Place_in_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_Quran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Quran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>In the Quran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Quran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verse_of_the_mawadda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_of_the_mawadda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Verse of the <span><i>mawadda</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_of_the_mawadda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verse_of_the_mubahala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_of_the_mubahala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Verse of the <span><i>mubahala</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_of_the_mubahala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Khums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_hadith_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_hadith_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>In <i>hadith</i> literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_hadith_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hadith_of_the_thaqalayn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadith_of_the_thaqalayn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span><i>Hadith</i> of the <span><i>thaqalayn</i></span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadith_of_the_thaqalayn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadith_of_the_ark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadith_of_the_ark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span><i>Hadith</i> of the ark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadith_of_the_ark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Muslim_communities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Muslim_communities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>In Muslim communities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Muslim_communities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="أهل البيت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أهل البيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fhli-Beyt" title="Əhli-Beyt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əhli-Beyt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4" title="আহল আল-বাইত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আহল আল-বাইত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D2%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Әһеле Бәйт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әһеле Бәйт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehli-Bejt" title="Ehli-Bejt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ehli-Bejt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-bajt" title="Ahl al-bajt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ahl al-bajt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-bait" title="Ahl al-bait – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ahl al-bait" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%AA%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އަހްލުބައިތުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަހްލުބައިތުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_ul-Bayt" title="Ahl ul-Bayt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ahl ul-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bajt" title="Ahl al-Bajt – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ahl al-Bajt" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="اهل بیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اهل بیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-bayt" title="Ahl al-bayt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ahl al-bayt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%9D%98_%EC%95%8C_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="아흘 알 바이트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아흘 알 바이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4" title="अहल अल-बैत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अहल अल-बैत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlulbait" title="Ahlulbait – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ahlulbait" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אהל אל-בית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אהל אל-בית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlul_Bait" title="Ahlul Bait – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ahlul Bait" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="اہل بیت – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اہل بیت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D2%BB%D0%BB_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Әһл әл-Байт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әһл әл-Байт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehl%C3%AA_Beyt" title="Ehlê Beyt – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ehlê Beyt" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="അഹ്‌ലുബൈത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഹ്‌ലുബൈത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="اهل البيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اهل البيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlul_Bait" title="Ahlul Bait – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ahlul Bait" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_ul-Bayt" title="Ahl ul-Bayt – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ahl ul-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A4" title="ਅਹਲ ਅਲਬੈਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਹਲ ਅਲਬੈਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="اہل بیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اہل بیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="اهل بيت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اهل بيت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bajt" title="Ahl al-Bajt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ahl al-Bajt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Ахль аль-Байт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ахль аль-Байт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehli_Bejti" title="Ehli Bejti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ehli Bejti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%BE%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="اھل بيت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اھل بيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehli_Bejt" title="Ehli Bejt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ehli Bejt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ئەھلولبەیت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەھلولبەیت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-bajt" title="Ahl al-bajt – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ahl al-bajt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bait" title="Ahl al-Bait – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ahl al-Bait" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ahl al-Bayt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="อะฮ์ลุลบัยต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อะฮ์ลุลบัยต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Аҳли Байт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аҳли Байт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehl-i_beyt" title="Ehl-i beyt – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ehl-i beyt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Агль аль-Байт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Агль аль-Байт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%81%D9%84_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="اہل بیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اہل بیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%8A%D8%AA" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Muhammad" title="Category:Muhammad">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Life</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Mecca" title="Muhammad in Mecca">Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">Hijrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Medina" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad in Medina">Medina</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_after_the_occupation_of_Mecca" title="Muhammad after the occupation of Mecca">After Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Farewell_Sermon" title="Farewell Sermon">Farewell Sermon</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_early_Islamic_history" title="Timeline of early Islamic history">Milestones and records</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)">Career</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Muhammad" title="Military career of Muhammad">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_career_of_Muhammad" title="Diplomatic career of Muhammad">Diplomatic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Muhammad" title="Miracles of Muhammad">Miracles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_first_revelation" title="Muhammad's first revelation">First revelation</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Isra and Mi'raj</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Splitting_of_the_Moon" title="Splitting of the Moon">Splitting of the Moon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)">Views</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_views_on_Jews" title="Muhammad's views on Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_views_on_Christians" title="Muhammad's views on Christians">Christians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_and_the_Bible" title="Muhammad and the Bible">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism%27s_views_on_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism's views on Muhammad">Judaism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Christian_views_on_Muhammad" title="Medieval Christian views on Muhammad">Medieval Christian</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Muhammad" title="Historicity of Muhammad">Historicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Criticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saqifah" class="mw-redirect" title="Saqifah">Saqifah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith_of_the_pen_and_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadith of the pen and paper">Hadith of the pen and paper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahl al-Bayt</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)">Praise</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Salawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naat" class="mw-redirect" title="Naat">Naat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">Al-Masjid an-Nabawi</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Possessions_of_Muhammad" title="Possessions of Muhammad">Possessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_of_Muhammad" title="Relics of Muhammad">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Muhammad" title="Seal of Muhammad">Seal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History of Islam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/16px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/24px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/31px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="background:white; padding:0 5px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muhammad" title="Template:Muhammad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muhammad" title="Template talk:Muhammad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muhammad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muhammad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ahl al-Bayt</i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أَهْل البَيْت</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'people of the house') refers to the family of the <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, the term has also been extended to all descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a> (Muhammad's clan) and even to all <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, the term is limited to Muhammad, his daughter <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a>, his cousin and son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, and their two sons, <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Ḥasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Ḥusayn</a>. A common Sunni view adds the <a href="/wiki/Wives_of_Muhammad" title="Wives of Muhammad">wives of Muhammad</a> to these five.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While all Muslims revere the Ahl al-Bayt,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shia Muslims assert that members of the Ahl al-Bayt are <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">spiritual successors</a> to Muhammad, possessing divine knowledge and <a href="/wiki/Ismah" title="Ismah">infallibility</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shiʿa</a> also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the members of the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Husayn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2009_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sunni Muslims, who do not believe in spiritual succession to Muhammad, only hold the Ahl al-Bayt in high regard. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أهل</span></span>) appears in construction with a person, it refers to his blood relatives. However, the word also acquires wider meanings with other nouns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">bayt</i></span> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بَيْت</span></span>) is translated as 'habitation' and 'dwelling',<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeaman2006_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeaman2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thus the basic translation of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span> is '(the) inhabitants of the house'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span> literally translates to '(the) people of the house'. In the absence of the definite article <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-</i></span>, the literal translation of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl bayt</i></span> is 'household'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_prophets">Other prophets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other prophets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The phrase <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span> appears three times in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, the central religious text of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, in relation to <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Abraham</a> (11:73), <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Moses</a> (28:12), and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (33:33).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Abraham and Moses, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span> in the Quran is unanimously interpreted as their families.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet merit is also a criterion of membership in a prophet's family in the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeaman2006_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeaman2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is, pagan or disloyal members of the families of the past prophets are not excluded from God's punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199710_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199710-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, <a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Noah's</a> family is saved from the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">deluge</a>, except his wife and one of his sons, about whom Noah's plea was rejected according to verse 11:46, "O Noah, he [your son] is not of your family (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl</i></span>)."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung19979,_10_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung19979,_10-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Families of the past prophets are often given a prominent role in the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung19978_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung19978-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therein, their kin are selected by God as the spiritual and material heirs to the prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199717_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199717-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJafri197914–16_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197914–16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muhammad"><span class="anchor" id="In_the_Qur'an"></span> Muhammad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Muhammad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad,_Mecca,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/220px-Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Site_of_the_birthplace_of_the_Prophet_Muhammad%2C_Mecca%2C_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3297" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> was the birthplace of Muhammad and members of <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">his family</a>, including Ali and Fatima, prior to <a href="/wiki/Hijrah" title="Hijrah">their migration</a> to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> in 622. Pictured here is <a href="/wiki/Makkah_Al_Mukarramah_Library" title="Makkah Al Mukarramah Library">Meccatul Mukarrama Library</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Mawlid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Mawlid">Bayt al-Mawlid</a>, because it is believed to stand on the spot where Muhammad was <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">born</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nothing_but_Pigeons._Baqee,_Madina_(3144084879)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nothing_but_Pigeons._Baqee%2C_Madina_%283144084879%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Nothing_but_Pigeons._Baqee%2C_Madina_%283144084879%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nothing_but_Pigeons._Baqee%2C_Madina_%283144084879%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Nothing_but_Pigeons._Baqee%2C_Madina_%283144084879%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Nothing_but_Pigeons._Baqee%2C_Madina_%283144084879%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Nothing_but_Pigeons._Baqee%2C_Madina_%283144084879%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Medina became the home to the Ahl al-Bayt after their migration from Mecca. Pictured in the background is the tomb (marked by the <a href="/wiki/Green_Dome" title="Green Dome">Green Dome</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">mosque</a> of Muhammad. In the foreground is the <a href="/wiki/Al-Baqi_Cemetery" title="Al-Baqi Cemetery">Baqi' cemetery</a>, wherein Hasan and some other relatives of Muhammad are buried.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:001123-ImamAliShrine-Najaf-IMG_7707-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/001123-ImamAliShrine-Najaf-IMG_7707-2.jpg/220px-001123-ImamAliShrine-Najaf-IMG_7707-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/001123-ImamAliShrine-Najaf-IMG_7707-2.jpg/330px-001123-ImamAliShrine-Najaf-IMG_7707-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/001123-ImamAliShrine-Najaf-IMG_7707-2.jpg/440px-001123-ImamAliShrine-Najaf-IMG_7707-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">After the deaths of Muhammad and Fatima in Medina in 632, some of their relatives, including Husayn and Ali, migrated to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and died there. Pictured in the background is the <a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali_Shrine" title="Imam Ali Shrine">shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf">Najaf</a> where Ali is commonly believed to have been buried, after <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ali" title="Assassination of Ali">his assassination</a> in the neighbouring city of <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia" title="Lower Mesopotamia">Iraq</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The household of Muhammad, often referred to as the Ahl al-Bayt, appear in verse 33:33 of the Quran,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as the <a href="/wiki/Verse_of_purification" title="Verse of purification">verse of purification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbas202165_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202165-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last passage of the verse of purification reads, "God only desires to remove defilement from you, O <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span>, and to purify you completely."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims disagree as to who belongs to Muhammad's <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span> and what privileges or responsibilities they have.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inclusion_of_the_Ahl_al-Kisa">Inclusion of the Ahl al-Kisa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Inclusion of the Ahl al-Kisa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Kisa" title="Ahl al-Kisa">Ahl al-Kisa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%86.jpg/220px-%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%86.jpg/330px-%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%86.jpg/440px-%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="1947" /></a><figcaption>Names of the Ahl al-Kisa, inscribed in the shrine of <a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Ali" title="Abbas ibn Ali">Abbas ibn Ali</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of the traditions quoted by the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> exegete <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 923</span>) identify the Ahl al-Bayt with the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Kisa" title="Ahl al-Kisa">Ahl al-Kisa</a>, namely, Muhammad, his daughter <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima</a>, her husband <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, and their two sons, <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199714–15_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199714–15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgar2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgar2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such reports are also cited in <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></i></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Tirmidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih al-Tirmidhi">Sunnan al-Tirmidhi</a></i></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516–7,_325_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516–7,_325-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShomali200358–59,_62–63_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShomali200358–59,_62–63-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all canonical Sunni collections of <i>hadith</i>, and by some other Sunni authorities, including <a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">al-Suyuti</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1505</span>), al-Hafiz al-Kabir,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201371_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201371-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">al-Hakim al-Nishapuri</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1014</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi200761n17_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi200761n17-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1373</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELalani200069,_147_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200069,_147-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In possibly the earliest version of the <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Kisa" title="Ahl al-Kisa"><i>hadith</i> of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">kisa</i></span></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoufi19976_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoufi19976-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad's wife <a href="/wiki/Umm_Salama" title="Umm Salama">Umm Salama</a> relates that he gathered Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn under his cloak and prayed, "O God, these are my <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span> and my closest family members; remove defilement from them and purify them completely."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some accounts continue that Umm Salama then asked Muhammad, "Am I with thee, O Messenger of God?" but received the negative response, "Thou shalt obtain good. Thou shalt obtain good." Among others, such reports are given in <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sunnan al-Tirmidhi</i></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShomali200362_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShomali200362-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by Ibn Kathir, al-Suyuti, and the Shia exegete <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Husayn_Tabatabai" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai">Muhammad H. Tabatabai</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1981</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet another Sunni version of this <i>hadith</i> appends Umm Salama to the Ahl al-Bayt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another Sunni version, Muhammad's servant Wathila bint al-Asqa' is also counted in the Ahl al-Bayt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoufi19977–8_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoufi19977–8-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elsewhere in <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal</i></span>, Muhammad is said to have recited the last passage in the verse of purification every morning when he passed by Fatima's house to remind her household of the morning prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShomali200363_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShomali200363-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mubahala_with_the_Najrani_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mubahala with the Najrani Christians">mubahala</a></i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">mutual cursing</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) with a delegation of <a href="/wiki/Najran" title="Najran">Najrani</a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, Muhammad is also believed to have gathered the above four under his cloak and referred to them as his <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span>, according to Shia and some Sunni sources,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgar2011_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgar2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sahih Muslim</i></span> and <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sunan al-Tirmidhi</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_325_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_325-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makeup of the Ahl al-Bayt is echoed by the Islamicist <a href="/wiki/Laura_Veccia_Vaglieri" title="Laura Veccia Vaglieri">Laura Veccia Vaglieri</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1989</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also reported unanimously in Shia sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Shia theology works, the Ahl al-Bayt often also includes the remaining <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shia imams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is sometimes loosely applied in Shia writings to all descendants of Ali and Fatima.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito20039_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito20039-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlassé2001_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlassé2001-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inclusion_of_Muhammad's_wives"><span id="Inclusion_of_Muhammad.27s_wives"></span>Inclusion of Muhammad's wives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Inclusion of Muhammad's wives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alahzab_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alahzab_01.jpg/220px-Alahzab_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alahzab_01.jpg/330px-Alahzab_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alahzab_01.jpg/440px-Alahzab_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="3805" /></a><figcaption>Verse of purification in a folio of the Quran, dating to the late <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid</a> period</figcaption></figure> <p>Perhaps because the earlier injunctions in the verse of purification are addressed at Muhammad's wives,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some Sunni authors, such as al-Wahidi (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1075</span>), have exclusively interpreted the Ahl al-Bayt as Muhammad's wives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others have noted that the last passage of this verse is grammatically inconsistent with the previous injunctions (masculine plural versus feminine plural pronouns).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider201435_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider201435-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the Ahl al-Bayt is not or is not limited to Muhammad's wives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Kathir, for instance, includes Ali, Fatima, and their two sons in the Ahl al-Bayt, in addition to Muhammad's wives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, certain Sunni <i>hadiths</i> support the inclusion of Muhammad's wives in the Ahl al-Bayt, including some reports on the authority of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abbas" title="Ibn Abbas">Ibn Abbas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ikrima_ibn_Abi_Jahl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl">Ikrima</a>, two early <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> figures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199715_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199715-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternatively, the Islamicist <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Leaman" title="Oliver Leaman">Oliver Leaman</a> proposes that marriage to a prophet does not guarantee inclusion in his <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span>. He argues that, in verse 11:73,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Sara</a> is included in <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Abraham's</a> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span> only after receiving the news of her imminent motherhood to two prophets, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isaac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Jacob</a>. Likewise, Leaman suggests that <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Moses'</a> mother is counted as a member of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ahl al-bayt</i></span> in verse 28:12, not for being married to <a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Imran</a>, but for being the mother of Moses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeaman2006_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeaman2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in their bid for inclusion in the Ahl al-Bayt, the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_dynasty" title="Abbasid dynasty">Abbasids</a> argued that women, noble and holy as they may be, could not be considered a source of pedigree (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">nasab</i></span>). As the descendants of Muhammad's paternal uncle <a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abd_al-Muttalib" title="Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib">Abbas</a>, they claimed that he was equal to Muhammad's father after the latter died.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJafri1979195_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979195-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broader_interpretations">Broader interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Broader interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As hinted above, some Sunni authors have broadened its application to include in the Ahl al-Bayt the clan of Muhammad (<a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">Banu Hashim</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Banu Muttalib,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Abbasids,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_dynasty" title="Umayyad dynasty">Umayyads</a>, who had descended from <a href="/wiki/Hashim_ibn_Abd_Manaf" title="Hashim ibn Abd Manaf">Hashim's</a> nephew <a href="/wiki/Umayya_ibn_Abd_Shams" title="Umayya ibn Abd Shams">Umayya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, another Sunni version of the <i>hadith</i> <i>al-kisa</i> is evidently intended to append the Abbasids to the Ahl al-Bayt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Abbasid claim was in turn the cornerstone of their bid for legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, a Sunni version of the <a href="/wiki/Hadith_of_the_thaqalayn" title="Hadith of the thaqalayn"><i>hadith</i> <i>al-</i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">thaqalayn</i></span></a> defines the Ahl al-Bayt as the descendants of Ali and his brothers (<a href="/wiki/Aqil_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Aqil ibn Abi Talib">Aqil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_ibn_Abi_Talib" title="Ja'far ibn Abi Talib">Jafar</a>), and Muhammad's uncle Abbas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first two <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a> caliphs, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>, have also been included in the Ahl al-Bayt in some Sunni reports, as they were both fathers-in-law of Muhammad. Nevertheless, these and the accounts about the inclusion of the Umayyads in the Ahl al-Bayt might have been later reactions to the Abbasid claims to inclusion in the Ahl al-Bayt and their own bid for legitimacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term has also been interpreted as the <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Meccan</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the whole Muslim community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, the Islamicist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudi_Paret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudi Paret (page does not exist)">Rudi Paret</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudi_Paret" class="extiw" title="de:Rudi Paret">de</a>]</span> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1983</span>) identifies <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">bayt</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">house</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) in the verse of purification with the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>, located in the holiest site in Islam. However, his theory has only found few supporters, notably <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharon" title="Moshe Sharon">Moshe Sharon</a>, another expert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199711_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199711-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conclusion">Conclusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Conclusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical Sunni compromise is to define the Ahl al-Bayt as the Ahl al-Kisa (Muhammad, Ali, Fatima, Hasan, Husayn) together with Muhammad's wives,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which might also reflect the majority opinion of medieval Sunni exegetes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoufi199716_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoufi199716-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among modern Islamicists, this view is shared by <a href="/wiki/Ign%C3%A1c_Goldziher" title="Ignác Goldziher">Ignác Goldziher</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1921</span>) and his coauthors,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and mentioned by Sharon,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Wilferd Madelung</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2023</span>) also includes the Banu Hashim in the Ahl al-Bayt in view of their blood relation to Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199715_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199715-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, Shia limits the Ahl al-Bayt to Muhammad, Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn, pointing to authentic traditions in Sunni and Shia sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_17_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_17-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeaman2006_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeaman2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider201435_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider201435-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their view is supported by Veccia Vaglieri and <a href="/wiki/Husain_Mohammad_Jafri" title="Husain Mohammad Jafri">Husain M. Jafri</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 2019</span>), another expert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Place_in_Islam">Place in Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Place in Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Quran">In the Quran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In the Quran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Families and descendants of the past prophets hold a prominent position in the Quran. Therein, their descendants become spiritual and material heirs to keep their fathers' covenants intact.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung19978–12_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung19978–12-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJafri197915–17_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197915–17-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad's kin are also mentioned in the Quran in various contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199712_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199712-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verse_of_the_mawadda">Verse of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mawadda</i></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verse of the mawadda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Verse_of_the_mawadda" title="Verse of the mawadda">Verse of the mawadda</a></div> <p>Known as the verse of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mawadda</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">affection</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>  or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">love</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), verse 42:23 of the Quran contains the passage, "[O Mohammad!] Say, 'I ask not of you any reward for it, save affection among kinsfolk.'"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152691_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152691-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shia-leaning historian <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 767</span>) narrates that Muhammad specified <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-qurba</i></span> in this verse as Ali, Fatima, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is also the view of some Sunni scholars, including <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">al-Razi</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1209</span>), <a href="/wiki/Qadi_Baydawi" title="Qadi Baydawi">Baydawi</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1319</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen1985152_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1985152-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ibn al-Maghazili.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Sunni authors, however, reject the Shia view and offer various alternatives,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152691_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152691-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chief among them is that this verse enjoins love for kinsfolk in general.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199713_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199713-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGril_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGril-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shia</a>, the love in the verse of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mawadda</i></span> also entails obedience to the Ahl al-Bayt as the source of exoteric and esoteric religious guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELalani200066_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200066-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verse_of_the_mubahala">Verse of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mubahala</i></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Verse of the mubahala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Event_of_the_mubahala" title="Event of the mubahala">Event of the mubahala</a></div><p> A Christian envoy from Najran, located in <a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a>, arrived in Medina circa 632 and negotiated a peace treaty with Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198513–14_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198513–14-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmucker2012_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmucker2012-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During their stay, the two parties may have also debated the nature of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, human or divine, although the delegation ultimately rejected the Islamic belief,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which acknowledges the miraculous birth of Jesus but dismisses the Christians' belief in his divinity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015378–379_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015378–379-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linked to this ordeal is verse 3:61 of the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015379_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015379-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This verse instructs Muhammad to challenge his opponents to <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mubahala</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">mutual cursing</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider201435_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider201435-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perhaps when the debate had reached a deadlock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsman2015110_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsman2015110-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And to whosoever disputes with thee over it, after the knowledge that has come unto thee, say, "Come! Let us call upon our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves. Then let us pray earnestly, so as to place the curse of God upon those who lie."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015379_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015379-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The delegation withdrew from the challenge and negotiated for peace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmucker2012_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmucker2012-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of reports indicate that Muhammad appeared for the occasion of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mubahala</i></span>, accompanied by Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider201436_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider201436-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such reports are given by Ibn Ishaq,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi2015_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi2015-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> al-Razi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi2015_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi2015-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 875</span>), Hakim al-Nishapuri,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsman2015140n42_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsman2015140n42-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ibn Kathir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015380_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015380-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inclusion of these four relatives by Muhammad, as his witnesses and guarantors in the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">mubahala</i></span> ritual,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAuliffe_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAuliffe-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedele201856_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedele201856-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> must have raised their religious rank within the community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELalani200629_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200629-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the word 'ourselves' in this verse is a reference to Ali and Muhammad, as Shia authors argue, then the former naturally enjoys a similar religious authority in the Quran as the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201372_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201372-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillWilliams200229_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillWilliams200229-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Khums">Khums</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Khums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Quran also reserves for Muhammad's kin a fifth (<a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">khums</i></span></a>) of booty and a part of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">fay</i></span>. The latter comprises lands and properties conquered peacefully by Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199713_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199713-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Quranic directive is seen as compensation for the exclusion of Muhammad and his family from alms (<a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">sadaqa</i></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">zakat</i></span></a>). Indeed, almsgiving is considered an act of purification for ordinary Muslims and their donations should not reach Muhammad's kin as that would violate their state of purity in the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199714_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199714-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_hadith_literature">In <i>hadith</i> literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In hadith literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hadith_of_the_thaqalayn"><i>Hadith</i> of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">thaqalayn</i></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hadith of the thaqalayn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hadith_of_the_thaqalayn" title="Hadith of the thaqalayn">Hadith of the thaqalayn</a></div> <p>The <i>hadith</i> of the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">thaqalayn</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">two treasures</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a widely-reported prophetic <i>hadith</i> that introduces the Quran and the progeny of Muhammad as the only two sources of divine guidance after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <i>hadith</i> is of particular significance in Twelver Shia, where the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a>, all descendants of Muhammad, are viewed as his spiritual and political successors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETabatabai1975156_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETabatabai1975156-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The version that appears in <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Musnad Ahmad</a></i></span>, a canonical Sunni <i>hadith</i> collection, reads, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I [Muhammad] left among you two treasures which, if you cling to them, you shall not be led into error after me. One of them is greater than the other: The book of God (Quran), which is a rope stretched from Heaven to Earth, and [the second one is] my progeny, my Ahl al-Bayt. These two shall not be parted until they return to the pool [of abundance in paradise, <a href="/wiki/Kawthar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawthar"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">kawthar</i></span></a>].<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hadith_of_the_ark"><i>Hadith</i> of the ark</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hadith of the ark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hadith_of_the_ark" title="Hadith of the ark">Hadith of the ark</a></div> <p>The <i>hadith</i> of the ark is attributed to Muhammad and likens his household to <a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's ark</a>. Reported by both Shia and Sunni authorities, the version presented in <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_ala_al-Sahihayn" title="Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn">al-Mustadrak</a></i></span>, a Sunni collection of prophetic traditions, reads,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen1985325_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1985325-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Truly the people of my house (Ahl al-Bayt) in my community is like Noah's ark: Whoever takes refuge therein is saved and whoever opposes it is drowned."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESobhani2001112_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESobhani2001112-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Muslim_communities">In Muslim communities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In Muslim communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sanctity of a prophet's family was likely an accepted principle at the time of Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJafri197917_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197917-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, all Muslims venerate the household of Muhammad,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2009_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and blessings on his family (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">āl</i></span>) are invoked in every prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoufi199716–17_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoufi199716–17-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many Muslim communities, high social status is granted to people claiming descent from Ali and Fatima. They are called <a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">sayyid</i></span><i>s</i></a> or <a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif"><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">sharif</i></span><i>s</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlassé2001_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlassé2001-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito20039_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito20039-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Muslim heads of state and politicians have also claimed blood descent from Muhammad, including the Alawid dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, the Hashimite dynasty of Iraq and of <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, and the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sunnis too revere the Ahl al-Bayt,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perhaps more so before modern times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">tariq</i></span>s (brotherhoods) also trace their spiritual chain to Muhammad through Ali and revere the Ahl al-Kisa as the Holy Five.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is, however, the (Twelver and <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili</a>) Shias who hold the Ahl al-Bayt in the highest esteem, regarding them as the rightful leaders of the Muslim community after Muhammad. They also believe in the redemptive power of the pain and martyrdom endured by the Ahl al-Bayt (particularly by Husayn) for those who empathize with their divine cause and suffering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2009_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twelver Shias await the messianic advent of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Mahdi" title="Muhammad al-Mahdi">Muhammad al-Mahdi</a>, a descendant of Muhammad, who is expected to usher in an era of peace and justice by overcoming tyranny and oppression on earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani2013240_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani2013240-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Shia sources also ascribe cosmological importance to the Ahl al-Bayt, where they are viewed as the reason for the creation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrunner2014_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrunner2014">Brunner 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2009_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2009_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2009_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2009_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampo2009">Campo 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldziherArendonkTritton2012_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldziherArendonkTritton2012">Goldziher, Arendonk & Tritton 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampo2004-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampo2004_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampo2004">Campo 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMavani2013">Mavani 2013</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon_6-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSharon">Sharon</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeaman2006-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeaman2006_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeaman2006_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeaman2006_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeaman2006_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeaman2006">Leaman 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199710-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199710_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung19979,_10-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung19979,_10_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, pp. 9, 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung19978-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung19978_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199717-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199717_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197914–16-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJafri197914–16_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJafri1979">Jafri 1979</a>, pp. 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152331_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr_et_al.2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 2331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas202165-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbas202165_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbas2021">Abbas 2021</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward1984-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward1984_15-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoward1984">Howard 1984</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199714–15-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199714–15_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlgar2011-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgar2011_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlgar2011_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlgar2011">Algar 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516–7,_325-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516–7,_325_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, pp. 16–7, 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShomali200358–59,_62–63-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShomali200358–59,_62–63_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShomali2003">Shomali 2003</a>, pp. 58–59, 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201371-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201371_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMavani2013">Mavani 2013</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi200761n17-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi200761n17_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShah-Kazemi2007">Shah-Kazemi 2007</a>, p. 61n17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200069,_147-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELalani200069,_147_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLalani2000">Lalani 2000</a>, pp. 69, 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoufi19976-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoufi19976_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoufi1997">Soufi 1997</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShomali200362-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShomali200362_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShomali2003">Shomali 2003</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoufi19977–8-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoufi19977–8_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoufi1997">Soufi 1997</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeccia_Vaglieri2012_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri2012">Veccia Vaglieri 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShomali200363-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShomali200363_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShomali2003">Shomali 2003</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_325-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_325_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, pp. 16, 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEsposito20039-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito20039_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEsposito20039_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEsposito2003">Esposito 2003</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlassé2001-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlassé2001_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlassé2001_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlassé2001">Glassé 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider201435-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider201435_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider201435_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider201435_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaider2014">Haider 2014</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199715-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199715_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199715_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri1979195-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJafri1979195_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJafri1979">Jafri 1979</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199711-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199711_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoufi199716-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoufi199716_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoufi1997">Soufi 1997</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_17-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198516,_17_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, pp. 16, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung19978–12-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung19978–12_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, pp. 8–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197915–17-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJafri197915–17_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJafri1979">Jafri 1979</a>, pp. 15–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199712-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199712_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152691-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152691_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.20152691_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr_et_al.2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 2691.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201341,_60_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMavani2013">Mavani 2013</a>, pp. 41, 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1985152-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen1985152_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199713-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199713_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199713_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGril-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGril_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGril">Gril</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200066-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELalani200066_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLalani2000">Lalani 2000</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen198513–14-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen198513–14_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmucker2012-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmucker2012_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmucker2012_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmucker2012">Schmucker 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199716_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015378–379-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015378–379_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr_et_al.2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, pp. 378–379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015379-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015379_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015379_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr_et_al.2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsman2015110-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsman2015110_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOsman2015">Osman 2015</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaider201436-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaider201436_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaider2014">Haider 2014</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi2015-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi2015_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShah-Kazemi2015_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShah-Kazemi2015">Shah-Kazemi 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsman2015140n42-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsman2015140n42_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOsman2015">Osman 2015</a>, p. 140n42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015380-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENasr_et_al.2015380_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNasr_et_al.2015">Nasr et al. 2015</a>, p. 380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcAuliffe-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcAuliffe_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcAuliffe">McAuliffe</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedele201856-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedele201856_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFedele2018">Fedele 2018</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELalani200629-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELalani200629_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLalani2006">Lalani 2006</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani201372-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani201372_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMavani2013">Mavani 2013</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillWilliams200229-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillWilliams200229_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillWilliams2002">Bill & Williams 2002</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelung199714-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelung199714_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelung1997">Madelung 1997</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETabatabai1975156-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETabatabai1975156_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTabatabai1975">Tabatabai 1975</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMomen1985325-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMomen1985325_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMomen1985">Momen 1985</a>, p. 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESobhani2001112-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESobhani2001112_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSobhani2001">Sobhani 2001</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJafri197917-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJafri197917_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJafri1979">Jafri 1979</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoufi199716–17-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoufi199716–17_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoufi1997">Soufi 1997</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMavani2013240-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMavani2013240_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMavani2013">Mavani 2013</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Abbas_(scholar)" title="Hassan Abbas (scholar)">Abbas, H.</a> (2021). <i>The Prophet's Heir: The Life of Ali Ibn Abi Talib</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300252057" title="Special:BookSources/9780300252057"><bdi>9780300252057</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prophet%27s+Heir%3A+The+Life+of+Ali+Ibn+Abi+Talib&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9780300252057&rft.aulast=Abbas&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlgar2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Algar" title="Hamid Algar">Algar, H.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-aba-the-family-of-the-cloak-i">"Āl-e 'Abā"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica</i>. Vol. I/7. p. 742.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C4%80l-e+%27Ab%C4%81&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.pages=742&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Algar&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fal-e-aba-the-family-of-the-cloak-i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillWilliams2002" class="citation book cs1">Bill, J.; Williams, J.A. (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romancatholicssh0000bill/mode/2up"><i>Roman Catholics and Shi'i Muslims: Prayer, Passion, and Politics</i></a></span>. University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0807826898" title="Special:BookSources/0807826898"><bdi>0807826898</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Catholics+and+Shi%27i+Muslims%3A+Prayer%2C+Passion%2C+and+Politics&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0807826898&rft.aulast=Bill&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Williams%2C+J.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromancatholicssh0000bill%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunner2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Brunner, R. (2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1/page/4/mode/2up">"Ahl al-Bayt"</a></span>. In Fitzpatrick, C.; Walker, A.H. (eds.). <i>Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God</i>. pp. 5–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ahl+al-Bayt&rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+History%2C+Thought%2C+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Prophet+of+God&rft.pages=5-9&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Brunner&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadinhistor0000unse_h4s1%2Fpage%2F4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampo2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Campo, J.E. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofis0001unse/page/24/mode/2up">"Ahl al-Bayt"</a></span>. In Martin, R.C. (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world</i>. Vol. 1. Macmillan Reference. pp. 25–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0028656040" title="Special:BookSources/0028656040"><bdi>0028656040</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ahl+al-Bayt&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam+and+the+Muslim+world&rft.pages=25-26&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0028656040&rft.aulast=Campo&rft.aufirst=J.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofis0001unse%2Fpage%2F24%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampo2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Campo, J.E., ed. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islam-encyclopedia-of-islam-2009/page/22/mode/2up">"<i>ahl al-bayt</i>"</a></span>. <i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i>. Facts On File. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816054541" title="Special:BookSources/9780816054541"><bdi>9780816054541</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ahl+al-bayt&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Facts+On+File&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780816054541&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislam-encyclopedia-of-islam-2009%2Fpage%2F22%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, J.L.</a>, ed. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00bada/page/8/mode/2up"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of Islam</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195125584" title="Special:BookSources/0195125584"><bdi>0195125584</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Islam&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0195125584&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforddictionary00bada%2Fpage%2F8%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFedele2018" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fedele, V. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jt91DwAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA56">"Fatima (605/615–632 CE)"</a>. In de-Gaia, S. (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Women in World Religions: Faith and Culture Across History</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440848506" title="Special:BookSources/9781440848506"><bdi>9781440848506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fatima+%28605%2F615%E2%80%93632+CE%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+World+Religions%3A+Faith+and+Culture+Across+History&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781440848506&rft.aulast=Fedele&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djt91DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassé2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Glassé, C. 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Altamira. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0759101892" title="Special:BookSources/0759101892"><bdi>0759101892</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ahl+al-Bayt&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Altamira&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0759101892&rft.aulast=Glass%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewencyclopediao0000glas%2Fpage%2F30%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldziherArendonkTritton2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ign%C3%A1c_Goldziher" title="Ignác Goldziher">Goldziher, I.</a>; Arendonk, C. van; Tritton, A.S. 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Vol. I/6. p. 365.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ahl-e+Bayt&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.pages=365&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=I.K.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fahl-e-bayt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJafri1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Husain_Mohammad_Jafri" title="Husain Mohammad Jafri">Jafri, S.H.M</a> (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/OriginsAndEarlyDevelopmentOfShiaIslamBySyedHusainMohammadJafri/mode/2up"><i>Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam</i></a></span>. London: Longman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+and+Early+Development+of+Shia+Islam&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Jafri&rft.aufirst=S.H.M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FOriginsAndEarlyDevelopmentOfShiaIslamBySyedHusainMohammadJafri%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLalani2000" class="citation book cs1">Lalani, A.R. (2000). <i>Early Shi'i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir</i>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1850435928" title="Special:BookSources/1850435928"><bdi>1850435928</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Shi%27i+Thought%3A+The+Teachings+of+Imam+Muhammad+al-Baqir&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1850435928&rft.aulast=Lalani&rft.aufirst=A.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLalani2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Lalani, A.R. (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quranencyclopedi2006unse/page/28/mode/2up">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ali ibn Abi Talib"</a></span>. In Leaman, O. (ed.). <i>The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia</i>. Routledge. pp. 28–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415326391" title="Special:BookSources/9780415326391"><bdi>9780415326391</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Ali+ibn+Abi+Talib&rft.btitle=The+Qur%27an%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=28-32&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780415326391&rft.aulast=Lalani&rft.aufirst=A.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquranencyclopedi2006unse%2Fpage%2F28%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeaman2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Leaman" title="Oliver Leaman">Leaman, O.</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thequrananencyclopediaed.byoliverleaman_201909/page/n709/mode/2up">"Ahl al-Bayt"</a></span>. In Leaman, O. (ed.). <i>The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia</i>. Routledge. pp. 16–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415326391" title="Special:BookSources/9780415326391"><bdi>9780415326391</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ahl+al-Bayt&rft.btitle=The+Qur%27an%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780415326391&rft.aulast=Leaman&rft.aufirst=O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthequrananencyclopediaed.byoliverleaman_201909%2Fpage%2Fn709%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelung1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wilferd_Madelung" title="Wilferd Madelung">Madelung, W.</a> (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/successiontomuam0000made/mode/2up"><i>The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521646963" title="Special:BookSources/9780521646963"><bdi>9780521646963</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Succession+to+Muhammad%3A+A+Study+of+the+Early+Caliphate&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780521646963&rft.aulast=Madelung&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsuccessiontomuam0000made%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMavani2013" class="citation cs2">Mavani, H. (2013), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/religiousauthori0000mava/mode/2up"><i>Religious Authority and Political Thought in Twelver Shi'ism: From Ali to Post-Khomeini</i></a></span>, Routledge Studies in Political Islam, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415624404" title="Special:BookSources/9780415624404"><bdi>9780415624404</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Authority+and+Political+Thought+in+Twelver+Shi%27ism%3A+From+Ali+to+Post-Khomeini&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+Political+Islam&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780415624404&rft.aulast=Mavani&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freligiousauthori0000mava%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAuliffe" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Dammen_McAuliffe" title="Jane Dammen McAuliffe">McAuliffe, J.D.</a> <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00153">"Fāṭima"</a></span>. 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(2015). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thestudyquran_201909/mode/2up"><i>The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary</i></a></span>. Harper Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780061125867" title="Special:BookSources/9780061125867"><bdi>9780061125867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Study+Quran%3A+A+New+Translation+and+Commentary&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780061125867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthestudyquran_201909%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsman2015" class="citation book cs1">Osman, R. (2015). <i>Female Personalities in the Qur'an and Sunna: Examining the Major Sources of Imami Shi'i Islam</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315770147" title="Special:BookSources/9781315770147"><bdi>9781315770147</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Female+Personalities+in+the+Qur%27an+and+Sunna%3A+Examining+the+Major+Sources+of+Imami+Shi%27i+Islam&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781315770147&rft.aulast=Osman&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmucker2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schmucker, W. (2012). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5289">"Mubāhala"</a></span>. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_5289">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5289</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004161214" title="Special:BookSources/9789004161214"><bdi>9789004161214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mub%C4%81hala&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=Second&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_5289&rft.isbn=9789004161214&rft.aulast=Schmucker&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_5289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah-Kazemi2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah-Kazemi" title="Reza Shah-Kazemi">Shah-Kazemi, R.</a> (2007). <i>Justice and Remembrance: Introducing the Spirituality of Imam 'Ali</i>. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845115265" title="Special:BookSources/9781845115265"><bdi>9781845115265</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justice+and+Remembrance%3A+Introducing+the+Spirituality+of+Imam+%27Ali&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781845115265&rft.aulast=Shah-Kazemi&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah-Kazemi2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah-Kazemi" title="Reza Shah-Kazemi">Shah-Kazemi, R.</a> (2015). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Alī b. Abī Ṭālib 2. Biography"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Daftary" title="Farhad Daftary">Daftary, F.</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia Islamica</i>. Translated by Melvin-Koushki, M. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1875-9831_isla_COM_0252">10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Al%C4%AB+b.+Ab%C4%AB+%E1%B9%AC%C4%81lib+2.+Biography&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Islamica&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1875-9831_isla_COM_0252&rft.aulast=Shah-Kazemi&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1875-9831_isla_COM_0252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharon" title="Moshe Sharon">Sharon, M.</a> <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00323">"People of the House"</a></span>. In Pink, J. (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=People+of+the+House&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Qur%27%C4%81n&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1875-3922_q3_EQSIM_00323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShomali2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Shomali" title="Mohammad Ali Shomali">Shomali, M.A.</a> (2003). <i>Shi'i Islam: Origins, Faith, and Practices</i>. Islammic College for Advanced Studies Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/190406311X" title="Special:BookSources/190406311X"><bdi>190406311X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shi%27i+Islam%3A+Origins%2C+Faith%2C+and+Practices&rft.pub=Islammic+College+for+Advanced+Studies+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=190406311X&rft.aulast=Shomali&rft.aufirst=M.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobhani2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_Sobhani" title="Ja'far Sobhani">Sobhani, J.</a> (2001). <i>Doctrines of Shi'i Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices</i>. Translated by Shah-Kazemi, R. I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1860647804" title="Special:BookSources/1860647804"><bdi>1860647804</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2004433965">2004433965</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48944249">48944249</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL17038817M">17038817M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctrines+of+Shi%27i+Islam%3A+A+Compendium+of+Imami+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48944249&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2004433965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL17038817M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=1860647804&rft.aulast=Sobhani&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoufi1997" class="citation thesis cs1">Soufi, D.L. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/304390529"><i>The Image of Fāṭima in Classical Muslim Thought</i></a> (PhD thesis). Princeton University. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/304390529">304390529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Image+of+F%C4%81%E1%B9%ADima+in+Classical+Muslim+Thought&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Princeton+University&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Soufi&rft.aufirst=D.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F304390529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabatabai1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allameh_Tabatabaei" class="mw-redirect" title="Allameh Tabatabaei">Tabatabai, S.M.H.</a> (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ShiaInIslamCopy/mode/2up"><i>Shi'ite Islam</i></a></span>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Hossein_Nasr" title="Seyyed Hossein Nasr">Nasr, S.H.</a> State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0873953908" title="Special:BookSources/0873953908"><bdi>0873953908</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shi%27ite+Islam&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0873953908&rft.aulast=Tabatabai&rft.aufirst=S.M.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FShiaInIslamCopy%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeccia_Vaglieri2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Veccia_Vaglieri" title="Laura Veccia Vaglieri">Veccia Vaglieri, L.</a> (2012). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0217">"Fāṭima"</a></span>. In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004161214" title="Special:BookSources/9789004161214"><bdi>9789004161214</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=F%C4%81%E1%B9%ADima&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=Second&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789004161214&rft.aulast=Veccia+Vaglieri&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahl_al-Bayt&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖz1994" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Öz, M. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-beyt">"Ehl-i Beyt"</a>. <i>Turkish Encyclopedia of Islam</i> (in Turkish). Vol. 10. <a href="/wiki/TDV_%C4%B0sl%C3%A2m_Ansiklopedisi" class="mw-redirect" title="TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi">TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a>. pp. 498–501. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789753894371" title="Special:BookSources/9789753894371"><bdi>9789753894371</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ehl-i+Beyt&rft.btitle=Turkish+Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=498-501&rft.pub=TDV+%C4%B0sl%C3%A2m+Ansiklopedisi&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9789753894371&rft.aulast=%C3%96z&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fehl-i-beyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhl+al-Bayt" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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title="Timeline of the history of Islam">Timeline of the history of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Early conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Islam" title="Historiography of early Islam">Historiography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shi'a Imams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate"><i>Rashidun</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Religious texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Seerah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Story of Prophets</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazili" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazili">Mu'tazili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Bektashi Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a></li> <li>Moderate Kharijites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam#Wahbi_school" title="Ibadi Islam">Wahbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Life</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_clothing" title="Islamic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qurban_(Islamic_ritual_sacrifice)" title="Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)">Qurbani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_humanity" title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Islam">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="LawJurisprudence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Jurisprudence</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">Economic history</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_jurisprudence" title="Islamic marital jurisprudence">Marriage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Sex</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Marriage contract</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr">Mahr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Nikah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Nikah mut'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">Death penalty</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabiĥa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_honorifics" title="Islamic honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Leadership</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma malakat aymanukum">Ma malakat aymanukum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war in Islam">POWs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_sharia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sources of sharia">Sources of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_theological_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theological jurisprudence">Theological</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Schools of islamic jurisprudence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Islamic_studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">Geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_pottery" title="Islamic pottery">Pottery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Alchemy and chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_and_cartography_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world">Geography and cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Ophthalmology in the medieval Islamic world">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Theological</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_evolution" title="Islamic views on evolution">Creationism (evolution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberalism and progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_literature" title="Islamic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Psychology in the medieval Islamic world">Psychology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shu%27ubiyya" title="Shu'ubiyya">Shu'ubiyya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_non-Islamic_places_of_worship_into_mosques" title="Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques">Conversion to mosques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span>Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Mormonism" title="Islam and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Islam" title="Protestantism and Islam">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze#Relationship_with_Muslims" title="Druze">Druzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism" title="Islam and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-Muslims" title="Ex-Muslims">Ex-Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Muslims" title="List of former Muslims">List of former Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ex-Muslim_organisations" title="List of ex-Muslim organisations">List of ex-Muslim organisations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Muslim">Cultural Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_miracles" title="Islamic view of miracles">Islamic view of miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_domestic_violence" title="Islam and domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Islam" title="Nursing in Islam">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_and_miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran and miracles">Quran and miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Islam" title="Symbols of Islam">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as <i>Karīm</i> (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a></i> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a></i> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i>kalb</i> (dog) of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a></i> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a></i> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a></i> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAnkabūt</i> (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li><i>Dābbat al-Arḍ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Malāʾikah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><i>Kirāman Kātibīn</i> (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel"><i>Muqarrabun</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a></i> ('The Spirit') <ul><li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn</i> ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus</i> ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a></i> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a></i> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a></i> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a></i> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a></i> or <i>Wildān</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li><i>Dhūn-Nūn</i> ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li><i>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</i> ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a></i><br />('Those of the<br /> Perseverance<br /> and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Masīḥ</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li><i>Ibn Maryam</i> (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of<br /> Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li><i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li><i>Malik</i> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of <i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of <br />Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li><i>Imraʾat Firʿawn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaohs_in_the_Bible" title="Pharaohs in the Bible">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or<br />not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</i> <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</i> (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li><i>Ḥawāriyyūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Lūṭ</i> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes,<br /> ethnicities<br />or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)"><i>Ar-Rūm</i></a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a></i> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li><i>Ahl Madyan</i> <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</i> ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a></i> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</i> (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</i></a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Tubbaʿ</i> (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</i> ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i><br /> ('People of the<br /> Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<br />mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><i>Ahl as-Suffa</i> (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a></i> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Majūs</i> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahl al-Kitāb</i> (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li><i>Naṣārā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Yahūd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a></i> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li><i>Madyan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li><i>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</i></li> <li><i>Miṣr</i> (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <br />(excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a></i> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li><i>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a></i> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a></i> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li><i>Makkah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan</i> ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li><i>Kaʿbah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li><i>ʿArim Sabaʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a><br /> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</i> (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Wādil-Ayman</i> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a></i> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a></i> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Bābil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li><i>Qaryat Yūnus</i> ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a></i> (Church)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><i>Masjid</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></i> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li><i>Masjid Qubāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a></i> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone"><i>Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</i></a> (Black Stone) & <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr"><i>Ghār ath-Thawr</i></a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a></i> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li><i>Dār an-Nadwa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a></i> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a></i> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or<br />military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <i>al-Aḥzāb</i></a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a></i> (The Friday)</li> <li><i>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a></i> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li><i>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer<br />or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <i><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></i> ('Remembrance', including <i><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a></i> ('Praising'), <i><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a></i>): <ul><li><i>Al-ʿAshiyy</i> (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li><i>Al-Ghuduww</i> ('The Mornings') <ul><li><i>Al-Bukrah</i> ('The Morning')</li> <li><i>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</i> ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-Layl</i> ('The Night') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a></i> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a></i> ('The Noon')</li> <li><i>Dulūk ash-Shams</i> ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a></i> ('The Evening')</li> <li><i>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a></i> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li><i>Al-Aṣīl</i> ('The Afternoon')</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a></i> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams</i> ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a></i> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li><i>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a></i> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects <br />of people<br />or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a></i> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<br />(cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li><i>Jibt</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The <i>ʿijl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial<br /> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Maṣābīḥ</i> (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li><i>Al-Qamar</i> (The Moon)</li> <li><i>Kawākib</i> (Planets) <ul><li><i>Al-Arḍ</i> (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nujūm</i> (Stars) <ul><li><i>Ash-Shams</i> (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i>Baṣal</i> (Onion)</li> <li><i>Fūm</i> (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li><i>Shaṭʾ</i> (Shoot)</li> <li><i>Sūq</i> (Plant stem)</li> <li><i>Zarʿ</i> (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAdas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li><i>Baql</i> (Herb)</li> <li><i>Qith-thāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li><i>Rummān</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li><i>Tīn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li><i>Zaytūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees<br />or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li><i>Athl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li><i>Sidr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Līnah</i> (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li><i>Nakhl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Māʾ</i> (Water or fluid) <ul><li><i>Nahr</i> (River)</li> <li><i>Yamm</i> (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sharāb</i> (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385139#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385139#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385139#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ahl al-bait"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/18028265">VIAF</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Muḥammad family"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1892458/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ahl al-bait"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119285592">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Muḥammad family"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2012000474">United States</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119285592">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="EHL-i BEYT"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ehl-i-beyt">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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