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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Komputer kerangka utama</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 57 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="حاسوب مركزي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاسوب مركزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meynfreym" title="Meynfreym – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meynfreym" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_bingkai_utama" title="Komputer bingkai utama – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komputer bingkai utama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মেইনফ্রেম কম্পিউটার – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেইনফ্রেম কম্পিউটার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Мейнфрейм компютър – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мейнфрейм компютър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinador_central" title="Ordinador central – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ordinador central" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyfrifiadur_prif_ffr%C3%A2m" title="Cyfrifiadur prif ffrâm – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyfrifiadur prif ffrâm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Frechner" title="Großrechner – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großrechner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurarvuti" title="Suurarvuti – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suurarvuti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Κεντρικός υπολογιστής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεντρικός υπολογιστής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mainframe computer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unidad_central" title="Unidad central – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unidad central" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88efkomputilo" title="Ĉefkomputilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉefkomputilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konputagailu_nagusi" title="Konputagailu nagusi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konputagailu nagusi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="بزرگ‌رایانه – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بزرگ‌رایانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinateur_central" title="Ordinateur central – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordinateur central" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B8%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%9E%84" title="메인프레임 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메인프레임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="मेनफ़्रेम कंप्यूटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेनफ़्रेम कंप्यूटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sredi%C5%A1nje_ra%C4%8Dunalo" title="Središnje računalo – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Središnje računalo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%D7%99" title="מחשב מרכזי – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחשב מרכזי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Мэйнфрейм – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мэйнфрейм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Мейнфрейм – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мейнфрейм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%A1" title="ເມນເຟຣມ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເມນເຟຣມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieldators" title="Lieldators – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lieldators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrinis_kompiuteris" title="Centrinis kompiuteris – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Centrinis kompiuteris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagysz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%B3g%C3%A9p" title="Nagyszámítógép – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nagyszámítógép" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Мејнфрејм сметач – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мејнфрејм сметач" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC" title="മെയിൻഫ്രെയിം കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെയിൻഫ്രെയിം കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Мэйнфрэйм – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мэйнфрэйм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="မိန်းဖရိန် ကွန်ပျူတာ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မိန်းဖရိန် ကွန်ပျူတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="メインフレーム – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メインフレーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormaskin" title="Stormaskin – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stormaskin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A_mainframe" title="កុំព្យូទ័រ mainframe – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កុំព្យូទ័រ mainframe" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Мейнфрейм – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мейнфрейм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompjuter%C3%ABt_mainframe" title="Kompjuterët mainframe – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kompjuterët mainframe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mainframe computer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe" title="Mainframe – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mainframe" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osrednji_ra%C4%8Dunalnik" title="Osrednji računalnik – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Osrednji računalnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мејнфрејм рачунар – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мејнфрејм рачунар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejnfrejm_ra%C4%8Dunar" title="Mejnfrejm računar – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mejnfrejm računar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurtietokone" title="Suurtietokone – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suurtietokone" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stordator" title="Stordator – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stordator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="பெருங்கணினி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெருங்கணினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เมนเฟรมคอมพิวเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมนเฟรมคอมพิวเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh_l%E1%BB%9Bn" title="Máy tính lớn – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy tính lớn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana%C3%A7at%C4%B1_bilgisayar" title="Anaçatı bilgisayar – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anaçatı bilgisayar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Мейнфрейм – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мейнфрейм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מיינפריים – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מיינפריים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="大型计算机 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大型计算机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177234#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Komputer_kerangka_utama"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kerangka_utama&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/IBM_704_mainframe.gif/280px-IBM_704_mainframe.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/IBM_704_mainframe.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="233" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah kerangka utama <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_704&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM 704 (laman tidak wujud)">IBM 704</a> (1964)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Komputer kerangka utama</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>: <i>mainframe computer</i>) merupakan <a href="/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a> berkuasa tinggi membolehkan pemprosesan dan perkongsian <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> serentak<sup id="cite_ref-KamusKomputer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KamusKomputer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> untuk meneliti maklumat pukal dan banyak digunakan terutamanya oleh pertubuhan korporat atau kerajaan, termasuk dalam kerja-kerja <a href="/wiki/Banci" title="Banci">pembancian</a>, statistik industri dan pengguna, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perancangan_sumber_perusahaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perancangan sumber perusahaan (laman tidak wujud)">perancangan sumber perusahaan</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemprosesan_urus_niaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemprosesan urus niaga (laman tidak wujud)">pemprosesan urus niaga</a> kewangan. </p><p>Kebanyakan seni bina sistem komputer berskala besar telah diasaskan pada tahun 1960-an. Beberapa sistem pengendalian <a href="/wiki/Mikrokomputer" title="Mikrokomputer">mikrokomputer</a> muncul dalam tahun 1970-an dan 1980-an, yang turut dikenali sebagai kerangka utama mini atau minikomputer; contohnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=PDP-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDP-8 (laman tidak wujud)">PDP-8</a> oleh Digital Equipment Corporation dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Data_General_Nova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Data General Nova (laman tidak wujud)">Data General Nova</a>. Kebanyakan ciri pembatas "kerangka utama" telah diwujudkan pada tahun 1960-an, namun ciri-ciri berkenaan terus berkembang dan menjadi matang sehingga ke hari ini. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kerangka_utama&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kerangka_utama&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KamusKomputer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KamusKomputer_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">G. S. Rao, A. K. Rao, Ng Chee Aun & Cheng Yok San (1991). "komputer kerangka utama". <i>Kamus Komputer Sekolah Menengah</i>. Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd. m/s. 31. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/967-65-1306-7" title="Khas:Sumber buku/967-65-1306-7"><bdi>967-65-1306-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=komputer+kerangka+utama&rft.btitle=Kamus+Komputer+Sekolah+Menengah&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Penerbit+Fajar+Bakti+Sdn+Bhd&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=967-65-1306-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3AKomputer+kerangka+utama" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_uses_authors_parameter" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: uses authors parameter">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5868370">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Computer_template.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon tunas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Computer_template.png/30px-Computer_template.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Computer_template.png/45px-Computer_template.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Computer_template.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Rencana berkenaan <a href="/wiki/Pengkomputeran" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengkomputeran">pengkomputeran</a> ini ialah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tunas" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tunas">rencana tunas</a>. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kerangka_utama&action=edit">mengembangkannya</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tunas-kompu" title="Templat:Tunas-kompu"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Tunas-kompu" title="Perbincangan templat:Tunas-kompu"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tunas-kompu&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kerangka_utama&oldid=5531238">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komputer_kerangka_utama&oldid=5531238</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tunas_komputer" title="Kategori:Tunas komputer">Tunas komputer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Komputer_kerangka_utama" title="Kategori:Komputer kerangka utama">Komputer kerangka utama</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori-kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_maint:_uses_authors_parameter" title="Kategori:CS1 maint: uses authors parameter">CS1 maint: uses authors parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_rencana_tunas" title="Kategori:Semua rencana tunas">Semua rencana tunas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 01:21, 9 April 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. 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