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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="AbYgAcAQ9R1SjLitWfCgb_jHLhqsTVjq4ED3PxHxG32AVGqtznlBEHGZB75kCFFR-zQN-fl7ZkCvvsBRXFcxag" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Southern Africa&#39;s Muslims: Emergence Development and Transformation" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Muhammed Haron" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/8809709/Southern_Africas_Muslims_Emergence_Development_and_Transformation" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Southern Africa's Muslims: Emergence Development and Transformation" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The purpose of this essay is essentially three-fold: to provide a broad overview of the socio-historical context within which these communities emerged, developed and settled in the region – inadvertently laying foundations of a possible „Muslim" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/682880/4475483/5185461/s200_muhammed.haron.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/8809709/Southern_Africas_Muslims_Emergence_Development_and_Transformation" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Southern Africa's Muslims: Emergence Development and Transformation" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The purpose of this essay is essentially three-fold: to provide a broad overview of the socio-historical context within which these communities emerged, developed and settled in the region – inadvertently laying foundations of a possible „Muslim" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ub-bw.academia.edu/MuhammedHaron" /> <meta name="description" content="The purpose of this essay is essentially three-fold: to provide a broad overview of the socio-historical context within which these communities emerged, developed and settled in the region – inadvertently laying foundations of a possible „Muslim" /> <title>Islam in Southern Africa: Development and Change</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/8809709/Southern_Africas_Muslims_Emergence_Development_and_Transformation" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739832318000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739832318000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The purpose of this essay is essentially three-fold: to provide a broad overview of the socio-historical context within which these communities emerged, developed and settled in the region – inadvertently laying foundations of a possible „Muslim civilization‟ in the region; to offer an insight into selected communities (e.g. South Africa) that demonstrated through their resilience the contributions that they have made during the past few decades – capturing their socio-political transformation; and to reflect upon the future of these communities in the Southern African democratic environment. It intends to however make use of the notion of „agency‟ as a theoretical frame within which to grasp these Muslim communities‟ role and position within this changing region, and it moreover prefaces the essay with an overview of Muslim demographics.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Muhammed Haron","url":"https://ub-bw.academia.edu/MuhammedHaron"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2014-10-16","headline":"Southern Africa's Muslims: Emergence Development and Transformation","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/35155432/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["African Studies","Southern Africa","History of Islam in Africa","Muslims in 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{"work":{"id":8809709,"created_at":"2014-10-16T01:44:07.848-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-02-03T15:49:22.949-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The purpose of this essay is essentially three-fold: to provide a broad overview of the socio-historical context within which these communities emerged, developed and settled in the region – inadvertently laying foundations of a possible „Muslim civilization‟ in the region; to offer an insight into selected communities (e.g. South Africa) that demonstrated through their resilience the contributions that they have made during the past few decades – capturing their socio-political transformation; and to reflect upon the future of these communities in the Southern African democratic environment. It intends to however make use of the notion of „agency‟ as a theoretical frame within which to grasp these Muslim communities‟ role and position within this changing region, and it moreover prefaces the essay with an overview of Muslim demographics.","ai_title_tag":"Islam in Southern Africa: Development and Change"},"document_type":"conference_presentation","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Southern Africa's Muslims: Emergence Development and Transformation","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [682880]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":35155432,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Southern Africa's Muslims: Emergence Development and Transformation”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/35155432/mini_magick20190317-32051-qtqwlf.png?1552858673" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Southern Africa's Muslims: Emergence Development and Transformation</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="682880" href="https://ub-bw.academia.edu/MuhammedHaron"><img alt="Profile image of Muhammed Haron" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/682880/4475483/5185461/s65_muhammed.haron.jpg" />Muhammed Haron</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">21 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 8809709; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=8809709"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The purpose of this essay is essentially three-fold: to provide a broad overview of the socio-historical context within which these communities emerged, developed and settled in the region – inadvertently laying foundations of a possible „Muslim civilization‟ in the region; to offer an insight into selected communities (e.g. South Africa) that demonstrated through their resilience the contributions that they have made during the past few decades – capturing their socio-political transformation; and to reflect upon the future of these communities in the Southern African democratic environment. It intends to however make use of the notion of „agency‟ as a theoretical frame within which to grasp these Muslim communities‟ role and position within this changing region, and it moreover prefaces the essay with an overview of Muslim demographics.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":35155432,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/8809709/Southern_Africas_Muslims_Emergence_Development_and_Transformation"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":35155432,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/8809709/Southern_Africas_Muslims_Emergence_Development_and_Transformation"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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a region that consists of nation-states that have opted to operate along democratic political lines and that have adopted Constitutions that were open to accommodating religious traditions other than African Religious Traditions and Christianity. As a consequence of these open constitutional policies, minority religious traditions such as Islam were able to find a space within which to operate. Islam, as a religious tradition, was taken to Southern Africa via different routes; in some instances it was carried to these distant places by political prisoners and slaves during colonial times, and in other cases it was taken there by migrant labourers and plantation workers. The outcome of these developments resulted in the formation of Muslim communities who now form an integral part of Southern African social landscape; this is very noticeable in the northern part of Mozambique and also very conspicuous in the Southwestern part of South Africa's Cape region where they have brought about religious transformation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Southern Africa's Experience of Muslim Da'wah (circa 1860s-2010s): Muslim Activism, Religious Transformation","attachmentId":54108026,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34190472/Southern_Africas_Experience_of_Muslim_Dawah_circa_1860s_2010s_Muslim_Activism_Religious_Transformation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34190472/Southern_Africas_Experience_of_Muslim_Dawah_circa_1860s_2010s_Muslim_Activism_Religious_Transformation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="94963600" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94963600/Introduction_the_Formation_of_Religious_Minorities_in_Muslim_Africa">Introduction: the Formation of Religious Minorities in Muslim Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8929189" href="https://zmo.academia.edu/BenediktPontzen">Benedikt Pontzen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Islamic Africa</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Minorities are not defined by mere numbers but must be considered as emergent formations within their wider surroundings. As such, minorities are defined by the relations to their majorities, especially by the differences to, but also by their exchanges with them, which have an impact on their lives and communal identities. Minorities emerge in larger processes and narratives by which their surrounding societies render themselves into imagined communities and thereby partake in the remaking of the wider social fabric. Focusing on religious minorities in Muslim Africa, this introduction to the special issue provides a framework for how to understand how various minorities form and how their minority status impacts how they live their religion, see themselves as members of society, and make claims towards the state. The introduction moreover reviews the scholarly work done on the different religious minorities found within Muslim Africa and presents the essays included in the special ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: the Formation of Religious Minorities in Muslim Africa","attachmentId":97277682,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94963600/Introduction_the_Formation_of_Religious_Minorities_in_Muslim_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94963600/Introduction_the_Formation_of_Religious_Minorities_in_Muslim_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="93819661" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93819661/Islam_and_Civil_Society_in_South_Africa">Islam and Civil Society in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35329034" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EbrahimMoosa">Ebrahim Moosa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Islam and Society, 1994</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Somehow, apartheid brought with it unexpected benefits, such as the formation of an effective civil society. In addition to the fact that South Africa currently enjoys a preferential status in the international community, over the decades state-driven apartheid was resisted by a strong civil society and mass-based organizations. There may be some validity to the argument that since the inception of a peaceful tran sition to democracy, community-based organizations, nongovern mental organizations, and others have somewhat receded from the scene and, in so doing, have weakened civil society. Yet it would be incorrect to say that th e new state dominates the postapartheid society. It was to explore the dynamics of the Muslim role in civil society that the UNISA conference was convened. Several speakers reflected on the experience of civil society in the Muslim world (John Esposito), Sudan (John Voll), Tunisia (Rashid al-Ghanushi), and Africa in general (Ali Mazrui). All together, some twenty-three papers dealing with various aspects of South African civil society were presented. Issues related to gender discourse in Islam (Amina Wadud Muhsin), culture and confli ct (Richard Martin), and interpreting Islam in a postmodern world (Tamara Sonn) were also discussed. The conference discussion was often lively, largely due to the attendance of more than two hundred people for three days. While this format facilitated general public participation, it also inhibited a '</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Islam and Civil Society in South Africa","attachmentId":96451226,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93819661/Islam_and_Civil_Society_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93819661/Islam_and_Civil_Society_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2961791" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2961791/Multiple_communities_Muslims_in_post_apartheid_South_Africa">Multiple communities: Muslims in post-apartheid South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3461465" href="https://uct.academia.edu/shamiljeppie">shamil jeppie</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">State of the Nation: South …, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multiple communities: Muslims in post-apartheid South 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href="https://www.academia.edu/886985/An_emerging_Muslim_identity_in_the_global_village_the_South_African_presentation_at_the_international_conference_on_Azmat_Al_Hawiyya">An emerging Muslim identity in the global village: the South African presentation at the international conference on Azmat Al-Hawiyya</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="252479" href="https://unisouthafr.academia.edu/IqbalJhazbhay">Iqbal Jhazbhay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An emerging Muslim identity in the global village: the South African presentation at the international conference on Azmat Al-Hawiyya","attachmentId":5354724,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/886985/An_emerging_Muslim_identity_in_the_global_village_the_South_African_presentation_at_the_international_conference_on_Azmat_Al_Hawiyya","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/886985/An_emerging_Muslim_identity_in_the_global_village_the_South_African_presentation_at_the_international_conference_on_Azmat_Al_Hawiyya"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="41104664" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41104664/South_Africas_Ahmadiyyah_Community_A_Religious_Minority_with_a_Double_Identity">South Africa's Ahmadiyyah Community: A Religious Minority with a Double-Identity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="682880" href="https://ub-bw.academia.edu/MuhammedHaron">Muhammed Haron</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Africa is the home of a variety of religious traditions and their offshoots. Like other continents, these traditions encountered internal and external challenges. In the case of Africa"s Muslims they have grown over the centuries and in certain parts are in the majority and in others they are in the minority. Since it is well-nigh beyond the focus of this paper to cover the whole continent to discuss its Muslim societies, it decided to concentrate on these by offering specific attention to the Ahmadiyyah Community; a community that emerged during the early part of the 20 th century and one that made its presence felt continently; particularly in what has been described as Sub-Saharan Africa. But anyone attempting to give a detailed and balanced understanding of this community across the continent in a paper such as this will not succeed it in providing a reasonable coverage. That being the case, it opted to restrict itself by reflecting on the Ahmadiyyah community in South Africa; a community that has evolved since the 1950s into a relatively active one but that has had legal run-ins with the national Muslim theological bodies. The purpose of this paper is to locate this community in its socio-historical contexts continentally and regionally. Thereafter it intends to zoom in on the conflict that develop in the 1960s and that spilled over into the 1980s when court cases were held. Alongside this, it refers to two texts that were published during those years; the one text will be briefly discussed to show how the Ahmadiyyah ideologue, Mr. Dawood Sydow championed its cause and advanced ideas in reply to a local controversial tract; and it then considers the anti-Ahmadiyyah publication that was used to undercut the emerging community theologically and sociologically. The paper hopes to illustrate to what extent the Ahmadiyyah managed to sustain itself and hold onto its double identity within a predominantly non-Muslim Christian environment in South Africa. It, however, conceptualizes the terms "movement" and "community" to frame the discussion.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"South Africa's Ahmadiyyah Community: A Religious Minority with a Double-Identity","attachmentId":61362142,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41104664/South_Africas_Ahmadiyyah_Community_A_Religious_Minority_with_a_Double_Identity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41104664/South_Africas_Ahmadiyyah_Community_A_Religious_Minority_with_a_Double_Identity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="54015605" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54015605/Muslims_in_post_apartheid_South_Africa_race_community_and_identity">Muslims in post-apartheid South Africa: race, community, and identity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24797878" href="https://ukzn.academia.edu/GVahed">Goolam Vahed</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Identities</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Archbishop Desmond Tutu evocatively called South Africa the 'Rainbow Nation of God' to show how, despite the doomsayers who predicted racial civil war, under the guiding hand of Nelson Mandela in 1994, South Africa had adopted a path of reconciliation and non-racialism. A quarter-century on, this optimism is on the wane as 'racial' incidents make national headlines virtually daily. This broader context frames this article, which examines the historical and contemporary relationship amongst Muslim South Africans who constitute around two percent of the country's population. They are mostly composed of Indians, Coloureds, and Black Africans, as defined in the South African census. This article examines the histories of race (and their logics) among Muslims in South Africa, especially between Africans and Indians, including social intimacies and boundarymaking. It does so against the background of changing social, political, economic, and cultural conditions, which include an influx of Muslim migrants from Africa and South Asia, rising racial nationalism, widespread poverty and unemployment, and the dissemination of new ideas. While focusing on intra-Muslim relations, the article makes a critical contribution to a broader discussion about race in post-apartheid South Africa.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Muslims in post-apartheid South Africa: race, community, and identity","attachmentId":70583424,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/54015605/Muslims_in_post_apartheid_South_Africa_race_community_and_identity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/54015605/Muslims_in_post_apartheid_South_Africa_race_community_and_identity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="124634659" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124634659/Searching_for_Islamic_Ethical_Agency_in_Post_Apartheid_Cape_Town_An_Anthology">Searching for Islamic Ethical Agency in Post-Apartheid Cape Town: An Anthology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8958932" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AFataar">Aslam Fataar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Road, where the charismatic Imam Ebrahim 'Sep' Davids (1936-1998) officiated. Imam Sep, as he was fondly known, was erudite and outspoken. He delivered his sermons in English, which I found attractive and beguiling despite my limited ability in the language. Like the majority of kids from the Cape Flats, my mother tongue is Kaaps Afrikaans. Imam Sep followed in the footsteps of Imam Abdullah Haron as the Imam of the Al-Jaamia Mosque. It was in this context that I was introduced to the figure of Imam Haron, the renowned revolutionary Muslim leader who was martyred by the apartheid regime While my first association with the mosque was through exposure to Imam Hassan Solomon's sermons in the 1984/5 period, it was, however, under the leadership of Imam Rashied Omar, who became the Imam of the mosque in 1986, that the mosque became the key venue in South Africa for practising and conceptually elaborating progressive Islamic commitments in the context of the struggle against apartheid and as an exemplary and courageous vehicle for a socially just expression of Islam. The mosque established institutional infrastructure and an accompanying Islamic progressive language under Imam Rashied's leadership. This was informed by pluralistic and human rights commitments in the unfolding democratic terrain, and a robust social justice platform from where the mosque exercises its Islamic commitments to the poor, needy and socially marginalised communities of Regarding the emerging socio-cultural landscape after the first elections in 1994, the book turns its attention very early to at least two dimensions that emerged quickly and dramatically on the democratic landscape: the first is the complex socioeconomic 1 CMRM khuṭbah, published in Al-Qalam, December 2000.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Searching for Islamic Ethical Agency in Post-Apartheid Cape Town: An Anthology","attachmentId":118824815,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124634659/Searching_for_Islamic_Ethical_Agency_in_Post_Apartheid_Cape_Town_An_Anthology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124634659/Searching_for_Islamic_Ethical_Agency_in_Post_Apartheid_Cape_Town_An_Anthology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="64890383" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64890383/International_Symposium_on_Islamic_Civilisation_in_Southern_Africa">International Symposium on Islamic Civilisation in Southern Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25658418" href="https://kenyatta.academia.edu/KahumbiMaina">Kahumbi Maina</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"International Symposium on Islamic Civilisation in Southern Africa","attachmentId":76713963,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64890383/International_Symposium_on_Islamic_Civilisation_in_Southern_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64890383/International_Symposium_on_Islamic_Civilisation_in_Southern_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35155432,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35155432,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_35155432" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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