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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Italiaans-Oos-Afrika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 46 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienisch-Ostafrika" title="Italienisch-Ostafrika – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Italienisch-Ostafrika" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شرق إفريقيا الإيطالية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شرق إفريقيا الإيطالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%92%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ایتالیا دوْغو آفریقاسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایتالیا دوْغو آفریقاسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Італьянская Усходняя Афрыка – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Італьянская Усходняя Афрыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Италианска Източна Африка – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Италианска Източна Африка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijanska_isto%C4%8Dna_Afrika" title="Italijanska istočna Afrika – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Italijanska istočna Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80frica_Oriental_Italiana" title="Àfrica Oriental Italiana – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àfrica Oriental Italiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italsk%C3%A1_v%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Afrika" title="Italská východní Afrika – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Italská východní Afrika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiensk_%C3%98stafrika" title="Italiensk Østafrika – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Italiensk Østafrika" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienisch-Ostafrika" title="Italienisch-Ostafrika – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Italienisch-Ostafrika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ιταλική Ανατολική Αφρική – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιταλική Ανατολική Αφρική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Italian East Africa" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itala_Orienta_Afriko" title="Itala Orienta Afriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Itala Orienta Afriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_Oriental_Italiana" title="África Oriental Italiana – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="África Oriental Italiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialdeko_Afrika_Italiarra" title="Ekialdeko Afrika Italiarra – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialdeko Afrika Italiarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آفریقای شرقی ایتالیا – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آفریقای شرقی ایتالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_It%C3%A4-Afrikka" title="Italian Itä-Afrikka – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Italian Itä-Afrikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrique_orientale_italienne" title="Afrique orientale italienne – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Afrique orientale italienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_Oriental_italiana" title="África Oriental italiana – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="África Oriental italiana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מזרח אפריקה האיטלקית – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזרח אפריקה האיטלקית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="इतालवी पूर्वी अफ्रीका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इतालवी पूर्वी अफ्रीका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talijanska_Isto%C4%8Dna_Afrika" title="Talijanska Istočna Afrika – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Talijanska Istočna Afrika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olasz_Kelet-Afrika" title="Olasz Kelet-Afrika – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olasz Kelet-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Timur_Italia" title="Afrika Timur Italia – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Afrika Timur Italia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Orientale_Italiana" title="Africa Orientale Italiana – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Africa Orientale Italiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E9%A0%98%E6%9D%B1%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB" title="イタリア領東アフリカ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリア領東アフリカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%A0%B9_%EB%8F%99%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="이탈리아령 동아프리카 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아령 동아프리카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Orient%C3%A2le_Italiann-a" title="Africa Orientâle Italiann-a – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Africa Orientâle Italiann-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijos_Ryt%C5%B3_Afrika" title="Italijos Rytų Afrika – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Italijos Rytų Afrika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C4%81lijas_Austrum%C4%81frika" title="Itālijas Austrumāfrika – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Itālijas Austrumāfrika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Италијанска Источна Африка – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Италијанска Источна Африка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Timur_Itali" title="Afrika Timur Itali – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Afrika Timur Itali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiaans-Oost-Afrika" title="Italiaans-Oost-Afrika – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Italiaans-Oost-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiensk_%C3%98st-Afrika" title="Italiensk Øst-Afrika – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Italiensk Øst-Afrika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82oska_Afryka_Wschodnia" title="Włoska Afryka Wschodnia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Włoska Afryka Wschodnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frica_Oriental_Italiana" title="África Oriental Italiana – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="África Oriental Italiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Итальянская Восточная Африка – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Итальянская Восточная Африка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijanska_Isto%C4%8Dna_Afrika" title="Italijanska Istočna Afrika – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Italijanska Istočna Afrika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Italian East Africa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Италијанска Источна Африка – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Италијанска Источна Африка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italienska_%C3%96stafrika" title="Italienska Östafrika – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Italienska Östafrika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0talyan_Do%C4%9Fu_Afrikas%C4%B1" title="İtalyan Doğu Afrikası – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İtalyan Doğu Afrikası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Італійська Східна Африка – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Італійська Східна Африка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="اطالوی مشرقی 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p><b>Italiaans-Oos-Afrika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italiaans" title="Italiaans">Italiaans</a>: <i>Africa Orientale Italiana</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-italian_colonialism_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-italian_colonialism-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was ’n <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italiaanse</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme">kolonie</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Horing_van_Afrika" title="Horing van Afrika">Horing van Afrika</a>. Dit is in 1936 gestig deur die vereniging van Italiaans-<a href="/wiki/Somali%C3%AB" title="Somalië">Somalië</a>, Italiaans-<a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> en die pas besette <a href="/wiki/Keiserryk_Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Keiserryk Ethiopië">Keiserryk Ethiopië</a>, wat in die Tweede Italiaans-Ethiopiese Oorlog verower is.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italiaans-Oos-Afrika was verdeel in ses goewernorate. Eritrea en Somalië, wat sedert die 1880's Italiaanse besittings was, is met verowerde Ethiopiese gebiede vergroot en het die Eritrese en die Somaliese Goewernoraat geword. Die res van "Italiaans-Ethiopië" het bestaan uit die goewernorate Harar, Galla-Sidamo, Amhara en Scioa. Fascistiese koloniale beleid was een van verdeel en heers; die Somali's en Tigrayane is bevoordeel om die <a href="/wiki/Amhare" title="Amhare">Amhare</a>, wat die regerende <a href="/wiki/Etniese_groep" title="Etniese groep">etniese groep</a> in Ethiopië was, te verswak. </p><p>Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> is Italiaans-Oos-Afrika in November 1941 deur ’n hoofsaaklik Britse mag beset.<sup id="cite_ref-LOC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ná die oorlog is Italiaans-Somalië en Eritrea onder Britse administrasie geplaas, terwyl Ethiopië weer onafhanklik geword het. In 1950 het die besette Somalië die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Nasies" title="Verenigde Nasies">Verenigde Nasies</a> se Trustgebied Somaliland geword tot met sy onafhanklikwording in 1960. Die besette Eritrea het in 1952 ’n outonome deel van Ethiopië geword en in 1993 onafhanklik. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verowering_van_Ethiopië"><span id="Verowering_van_Ethiopi.C3.AB"></span>Verowering van Ethiopië</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Verowering van Ethiopië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Verowering van Ethiopië"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:RAS_Abissini_Pd-italy-005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/RAS_Abissini_Pd-italy-005.jpg/220px-RAS_Abissini_Pd-italy-005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/RAS_Abissini_Pd-italy-005.jpg/330px-RAS_Abissini_Pd-italy-005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/RAS_Abissini_Pd-italy-005.jpg/440px-RAS_Abissini_Pd-italy-005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ras_(titel)" title="Ras (titel)"><i>Ras</i></a> Sejum Mangascià, Ghetacciù Abaté en Kebbedé Guebret belowe in Februarie 1937 steun aan <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historici verskil steeds oor die rede dat Italië Ethiopië in 1935 aangeval het. Sommige glo dit was ’n daad van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosiale_imperialisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosiale imperialisme (bladsy bestaan nie)">sosiale imperialisme</a>, dat die <a href="/wiki/Groot_Depressie" title="Groot Depressie">Groot Depressie</a> <a href="/wiki/Mussolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mussolini">Mussolini</a> se aansien groot skade berokken het en hy ’n buitelandse oorlog nodig gehad het om die openbare mening af te lei.<sup id="cite_ref-Kallis,_Aristotle_page_124_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kallis,_Aristotle_page_124-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ander glo die aanval was deel van ’n plan om Italië se grondgebied uit te brei en dit die belangrikste mag in die <a href="/wiki/Rooisee" title="Rooisee">Rooiseegebied</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Midde-Ooste" title="Midde-Ooste">Midde-Ooste</a> te maak.<sup id="cite_ref-Kallis,_Aristotle_page_124_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kallis,_Aristotle_page_124-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anders as 40 jaar vroeër, met die Eerste Italiaans-Ethiopiese Oorlog, was die Italiaanse magte veel sterker as Ethiopië s'n, veral in die lug, en hulle het gou geseëvier. Keiser <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> moes uit die land vlug terwyl Italiaanse magte die hoofstad, <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a>, inmarsjeer en teen 5 Mei 1936 ’n "Italiaanse Keiserryk Ethiopië" aankondig.<sup id="cite_ref-Red_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Red-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sommige Ethiopiërs het die Italiane verwelkom en in die regering met hulle saamgewerk, soos <a href="/wiki/Ras_(titel)" title="Ras (titel)"><i>Ras</i></a> Sejum Mangascià, Ghetacciù Abaté en Kebbedé Guebret. In 1937 het Sejum Mangascià se vriendskap met die Italiaanse onderkoning, prins Amedeo, meegebring dat hy ’n groot rol gespeel het in die vrylating van 3 000 Ethiopiese oorlogsgevangenes wat in Italiaans-Somalië aangehou is. </p><p>Die Italiaanse oorwinning het saamgeval met die hoogtepunt van die internasionale gewildheid van diktator <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> se <a href="/wiki/Fascisme" title="Fascisme">fascistiese</a> regering, en kolonialistiese leiers het Mussolini geprys vir sy dade.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mussolini se internasionale gewildheid het afgeneem nadat hy <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Duitsland" title="Nazi-Duitsland">Nazi-Duitsland</a> se anneksasie van <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenryk</a> goedgekeur het, ’n daad wat gelei het tot ’n politieke oorhelling na Duitsland en die eindelike val van Mussolini en sy fascistiese regering tydens die Tweede Wêreldoorlog.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italiaans-Oos-Afrika is op 1 Junie 1936, kort ná die oorwinning, gestig deur die reeds bestaande Italiaans-Somaliland en Italiaans-Eritrea met die nuut verowerde gebied te verenig.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tweede_Wêreldoorlog_en_ontbinding"><span id="Tweede_W.C3.AAreldoorlog_en_ontbinding"></span>Tweede Wêreldoorlog en ontbinding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Tweede Wêreldoorlog en ontbinding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tweede Wêreldoorlog en ontbinding"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:CH-NB_-_Italienisch-Ostafrika,_Massana_(Massawa,_Massaua)-_Hafen_-_Annemarie_Schwarzenbach_-_SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-23-129.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CH-NB_-_Italienisch-Ostafrika%2C_Massana_%28Massawa%2C_Massaua%29-_Hafen_-_Annemarie_Schwarzenbach_-_SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-23-129.jpg/200px-CH-NB_-_Italienisch-Ostafrika%2C_Massana_%28Massawa%2C_Massaua%29-_Hafen_-_Annemarie_Schwarzenbach_-_SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-23-129.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CH-NB_-_Italienisch-Ostafrika%2C_Massana_%28Massawa%2C_Massaua%29-_Hafen_-_Annemarie_Schwarzenbach_-_SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-23-129.jpg/300px-CH-NB_-_Italienisch-Ostafrika%2C_Massana_%28Massawa%2C_Massaua%29-_Hafen_-_Annemarie_Schwarzenbach_-_SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-23-129.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CH-NB_-_Italienisch-Ostafrika%2C_Massana_%28Massawa%2C_Massaua%29-_Hafen_-_Annemarie_Schwarzenbach_-_SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-23-129.jpg/400px-CH-NB_-_Italienisch-Ostafrika%2C_Massana_%28Massawa%2C_Massaua%29-_Hafen_-_Annemarie_Schwarzenbach_-_SLA-Schwarzenbach-A-5-23-129.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4341" data-file-height="4292" /></a><figcaption>Italiaanse setlaars in Ethiopië.</figcaption></figure> <p>Op 10 Junie 1940 het Italië oorlog teen <a href="/wiki/Brittanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Brittanje">Brittanje</a> en <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> verklaar. Dit het die Italiaanse militêre magte in <a href="/wiki/Libi%C3%AB" title="Libië">Libië</a> ’n bedreiging vir <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> gemaak en dié in Italiaans-Oos-Afrika vir die Britse en Franse gebiede in die Horing van Afrika. </p><p>Italiaanse oorlogvoering het ook die <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a> vir die <a href="/wiki/Geallieerdes_van_die_Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Geallieerdes van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Geallieerdes</a> gesluit en Britse voorraadroetes aan die kus van Oos-Afrika en deur die <a href="/wiki/Golf_van_Aden" title="Golf van Aden">Golf van Aden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rooisee" title="Rooisee">Rooisee</a> en <a href="/wiki/Suezkanaal" title="Suezkanaal">Suezkanaal</a> in gevaar gestel. (Egipte het neutraal gebly, maar ’n verdrag van 1936 met Brittanje het Brittanje die mag gegee om Egipte en <a href="/wiki/Soedan" title="Soedan">Soedan</a> te beset.)<sup id="cite_ref-playfair_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playfair-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:6–7, 69</sup> Egipte, Frans-Somaliland en Brits-Somaliland was ook kwesbaar vir invalle, maar die Italianers het vir ’n oorlog ná 1942 beplan. In die somer van 1940 was die land nog geensins gereed vir ’n lang oorlog of die besetting van groot dele van Afrika nie.<sup id="cite_ref-playfair_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playfair-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:38–40</sup> </p><p>Vyandelikhede het op 13 Junie 1940 begin, met ’n Italiaanse lugaanval in die Oos-Afrika-protektoraat (<a href="/wiki/Kenia" title="Kenia">Kenia</a>). In Augustus 1940 is die <a href="/wiki/Protektoraat" title="Protektoraat">protektoraat</a> Brits-Somaliland deur Italiaanse magte beset en in Italiaans-Oos-Afrika opgeneem. Dié besetting het sowat ses maande geduur. </p><p>Teen vroeg 1941 is die Italiaanse magte in ’n groot mate teruggedryf van Kenia en Soedan af. Op 6 April 1941 is Addis Abeba deur ’n Britse afdeling beset en het die stad oorgegee.<sup id="cite_ref-playfair_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-playfair-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:421–422</sup> Die res van die Italiaanse magte in die land het in November 1941 ná die Slag van <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a> oorgegee, buiten groepe wat tot in September 1943 ’n Italiaanse guerrillaoorlog teen die Britte in Ethiopië gevoer het. </p><p>In Januarie 1942, met die finale oorgawe van die Italiane, het die Britte onder Amerikaanse druk ’n tussentyde ooreenkoms met Haile Selassie onderteken waarin Ethiopië se onafhanklikheid erken is. Makonnen Endelkachew is as eerste minister gekies en op 19 Desember 1944 is die finale Brits-Ethiopiese Ooreenkoms onderteken. In die vredesverdrag van 1947 met Italië het Italië amptelik afstand gedoen van sy kolonies in Afrika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-italian_colonialism-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-italian_colonialism_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFFuller2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fuller, Mia (2016). Ben-Ghiat, Ruth (red.). <i>Italian Colonialism</i> (in Engels). Palgrave Macmillan US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781403981585" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781403981585"><bdi>9781403981585</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/961059564">961059564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Colonialism.&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961059564&rft.isbn=9781403981585&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Mia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ethiopia.html#Italian-East-Africa">"Italian East Africa"</a> (in Engels). World Statesmen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+East+Africa&rft.pub=World+Statesmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FEthiopia.html%23Italian-East-Africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LOC_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFOfcansky_and_LaVerle_Berry" class="citation web cs1">Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, Thomas P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0030)">"Ethiopia in World War II"</a>. <i>A Country Study: Ethiopia</i>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">11 Januarie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Ethiopia&rft.atitle=Ethiopia+in+World+War+II&rft.aulast=Ofcansky+and+LaVerle+Berry&rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Bet0030%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kallis,_Aristotle_page_124-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kallis,_Aristotle_page_124_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Kallis,_Aristotle_page_124_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFKallis2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kallis, Aristotle A (2000). <i>Fascist Ideology: Territory and Expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945</i> (in Engels). Londen: Routledge. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780203170373" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780203170373"><bdi>9780203170373</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48139682">48139682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fascist+Ideology%3A+Territory+and+Expansionism+in+Italy+and+Germany%2C+1922-1945&rft.place=Londen&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48139682&rft.isbn=9780203170373&rft.aulast=Kallis&rft.aufirst=Aristotle+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Red-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Red_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061201235400/http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/5RUHGM?OpenDocument&View=defaultBody&style=custo_print">"Ethiopia 1935–36"</a>. icrc.org. 8 Januarie 2008. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/5RUHGM?OpenDocument&View=defaultBody&style=custo_print">die oorspronklike</a> op 1 Desember 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ethiopia+1935%E2%80%9336&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2FWeb%2Feng%2Fsiteeng0.nsf%2Fhtmlall%2F5RUHGM%3FOpenDocument%26View%3DdefaultBody%26style%3Dcusto_print&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBaer2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baer, George W. (2013). <i>Coming of the Italian-Ethiopian War</i> (in Engels). Harvard Univ Press. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780674280373" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780674280373"><bdi>9780674280373</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/900564850">900564850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coming+of+the+Italian-Ethiopian+War&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Harvard+Univ+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F900564850&rft.isbn=9780674280373&rft.aulast=Baer&rft.aufirst=George+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Burgwyn1997" class="citation book cs1">James Burgwyn, H. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNHxISN-dmQC&q=%22H.+James+Burgwyn%22&pg=PA138"><i>Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918–1940</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780275948771" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9780275948771"><bdi>9780275948771</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 Mei</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+Foreign+Policy+in+the+Interwar+Period%2C+1918%E2%80%931940&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780275948771&rft.aulast=James+Burgwyn&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPNHxISN-dmQC%26q%3D%2522H.%2BJames%2BBurgwyn%2522%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJochim2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jochim, Mark (10 Maart 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stampaday.wordpress.com/2017/03/10/italian-east-africa-1-1938/">"Italian East Africa #1 (1938)"</a>. <i>A Stamp A Day</i> (in Engels)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Stamp+A+Day&rft.atitle=Italian+East+Africa+%231+%281938%29&rft.date=2017-03-10&rft.aulast=Jochim&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstampaday.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F03%2F10%2Fitalian-east-africa-1-1938%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-playfair-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-playfair_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-playfair_9-1">9,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-playfair_9-2">9,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPlayfairMolonyStittToomer1954" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Playfair, Ian Stanley Ord; Molony, Chartres James Chatterton; Stitt, George Marquis Stewart; Toomer, Sydney Edward (1954). <i>The Mediterranean and Middle East</i> (in Engels). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/504230580">504230580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mediterranean+and+Middle+East&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F504230580&rft.aulast=Playfair&rft.aufirst=Ian+Stanley+Ord&rft.au=Molony%2C+Chartres+James+Chatterton&rft.au=Stitt%2C+George+Marquis+Stewart&rft.au=Toomer%2C+Sydney+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AItaliaans-Oos-Afrika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skakels">Skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiaans-Oos-Afrika&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia 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