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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Constitutional_AI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_AI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Constitutional AI</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_AI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Models-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Models subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Claude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Claude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Claude_Instant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claude_Instant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Claude Instant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claude_Instant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claude_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claude_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Claude 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claude_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Claude_2.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claude_2.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Claude 2.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claude_2.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claude_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claude_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Claude 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claude_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Claude_3.5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claude_3.5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Claude 3.5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claude_3.5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" 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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A)" title="كلود (نموذج لغوي) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلود (نموذج لغوي)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E2%80%99%E0%A6%A1_(%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF)" title="ক্ল’ড (ভাষা-আৰ্হি) – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ক্ল’ড (ভাষা-আৰ্হি)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(model_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstic)" title="Claude (model lingüístic) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Claude (model lingüístic)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(jazykov%C3%BD_model)" title="Claude (jazykový model) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Claude (jazykový model)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(Sprachmodell)" title="Claude (Sprachmodell) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Claude (Sprachmodell)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(chatbot)" title="Claude (chatbot) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Claude (chatbot)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(lingvomodelo)" title="Claude (lingvomodelo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Claude (lingvomodelo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(txatbota)" title="Claude (txatbota) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Claude (txatbota)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C)" title="کلود (مدل زبانی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلود (مدل زبانی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(mod%C3%A8le_de_langage)" title="Claude (modèle de langage) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Claude (modèle de langage)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C_(%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8)" title="클로드 (언어 모델) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="클로드 (언어 모델)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A4" title="Կլոդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կլոդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(model_bahasa)" title="Claude (model bahasa) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Claude (model bahasa)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93_(%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="קלוד (מודל שפה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלוד (מודל שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(nyelvi_modell)" title="Claude (nyelvi modell) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Claude (nyelvi modell)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(taalmodel)" title="Claude (taalmodel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Claude (taalmodel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude" title="Claude – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Claude" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(modelo_de_linguagem)" title="Claude (modelo de linguagem) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Claude (modelo de linguagem)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude" title="Claude – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Claude" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude" title="Claude – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Claude" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%86%D8%AF_(%D9%85%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%8E%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="کلۆد (مۆدێلی زمان) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کلۆد (مۆدێلی زمان)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klod_(jezi%C4%8Dki_model)" title="Klod (jezički model) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Klod (jezički model)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="คล็อด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คล็อด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(dil_modeli)" title="Claude (dil modeli) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Claude (dil modeli)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude" title="Claude – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Claude" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B)" title="Claude (語言模型) – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Claude (語言模型)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B)" title="Claude (语言模型) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Claude (语言模型)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q118876059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Claude</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Claude_AI_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Claude_AI_logo.svg/260px-Claude_AI_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Claude_AI_logo.svg/390px-Claude_AI_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Claude_AI_logo.svg/520px-Claude_AI_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="148" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:gainsboro;text-align:center">Screenshot</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp/250px-Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp/375px-Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp/500px-Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="384" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Screenshot of an example of Claude 3.5 Haiku answer describing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anthropic" title="Anthropic">Anthropic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">March 2023<span class="noprint">; 1 year ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2023-03</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">Claude 3.5 Sonnet (New)<br />Claude 3.5 Haiku / October 22, 2024<span class="noprint">; 3 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-10-22</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">Large language model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_pre-trained_transformer" title="Generative pre-trained transformer">Generative pre-trained transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_model" title="Foundation model">Foundation model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://claude.ai/">claude<wbr />.ai</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118876059#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Claude</b> is a family of <a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">large language models</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Anthropic" title="Anthropic">Anthropic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first model was released in March 2023. </p><p>The Claude 3 family, released in March 2024, consists of three models: Haiku optimized for speed, Sonnet balancing capabilities and performance, and Opus designed for complex reasoning tasks. These models can process both text and images, with Claude 3 Opus demonstrating enhanced capabilities in areas like <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">programming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Logical_reasoning" title="Logical reasoning">logical reasoning</a> compared to previous versions.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitney-2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitney-2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training">Training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude models are <a href="/wiki/Generative_pre-trained_transformer" title="Generative pre-trained transformer">generative pre-trained transformers</a>. They have been pre-trained to predict the next word in large amounts of text. Then, they have been <a href="/wiki/Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)" title="Fine-tuning (deep learning)">fine-tuned</a>, notably using constitutional AI and <a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback" title="Reinforcement learning from human feedback">reinforcement learning from human feedback</a> (RLHF).<sup id="cite_ref-Time-2023_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constitutional_AI">Constitutional AI</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Constitutional AI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Constitutional AI is an approach developed by Anthropic for training AI systems, particularly language models like Claude, to be harmless and helpful without relying on extensive human feedback.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The method, detailed in the paper "Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback" involves two phases: <a href="/wiki/Supervised_learning" title="Supervised learning">supervised learning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">reinforcement learning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bai-2022_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bai-2022-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anthropic-2023b_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropic-2023b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the supervised learning phase, the model generates responses to prompts, self-critiques these responses based on a set of guiding principles (a "constitution"), and revises the responses. Then the model is fine-tuned on these revised responses.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthropic-2023b_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropic-2023b-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the reinforcement learning from AI feedback (RLAIF) phase, responses are generated, and an AI compares their compliance with the constitution. This dataset of AI feedback is used to train a preference model that evaluates responses based on how much they satisfy the constitution. Claude is then fine-tuned to <a href="/wiki/AI_alignment" title="AI alignment">align</a> with this preference model. This technique is similar to <a href="/wiki/RLHF" class="mw-redirect" title="RLHF">RLHF</a>, except that the comparisons used to train the preference model are AI-generated, and that they are based on the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "constitution" for Claude included 75 points, including sections from the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bai-2022_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bai-2022-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time-2023_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-2023-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp/260px-Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp/390px-Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp/520px-Claude_chatbot_example_screenshot.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Screenshot of an example of Claude 3.5 Haiku answer describing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The name Claude was notably inspired by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a>, a pioneer in artificial intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claude">Claude</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Claude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude was the initial version of Anthropic's language model released in March 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-Drapkin-2023_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drapkin-2023-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claude demonstrated proficiency in various tasks but had certain limitations in coding, math, and reasoning capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Anthropic-2023a_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropic-2023a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthropic partnered with companies like <a href="/wiki/Notion_(productivity_software)" title="Notion (productivity software)">Notion</a> (productivity software) and <a href="/wiki/Quora" title="Quora">Quora</a> (to help develop the <a href="/wiki/Poe_(chatbot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poe (chatbot)">Poe</a> chatbot).<sup id="cite_ref-Anthropic-2023a_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anthropic-2023a-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Claude_Instant">Claude Instant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Claude Instant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude was released as two versions, Claude and Claude Instant, with Claude Instant being a faster, less expensive, and lighter version. Claude Instant has an input context length of 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Lexical_analysis" title="Lexical analysis">tokens</a> (which corresponds to around 75,000 words).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claude_2">Claude 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Claude 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude 2 was the next major iteration of Claude, which was released in July 2023 and available to the general public, whereas the Claude 1 was only available to selected users approved by Anthropic.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Claude 2 expanded its context window from 9,000 tokens to 100,000 tokens.<sup id="cite_ref-Drapkin-2023_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drapkin-2023-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Features included the ability to upload <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDFs</a> and other documents that enables Claude to read, summarize, and assist with tasks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Claude_2.1">Claude 2.1</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Claude 2.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude 2.1 doubled the number of tokens that the chatbot could handle, increasing it to a window of 200,000 tokens, which equals around 500 pages of written material.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis-2023_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-2023-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthropic states that the new model is less likely to produce false statements compared to its predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-InfoQ_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoQ-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claude_3"><span class="anchor" id="Claude_3"></span>Claude 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Claude 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude 3 was released on March 14, 2024, with claims in the press release to have set new industry benchmarks across a wide range of cognitive tasks. The Claude 3 family includes three state-of-the-art models in ascending order of capability: Haiku, Sonnet, and Opus. The default version of Claude 3, Opus, has a context window of 200,000 tokens, but this is being expanded to 1 million for specific use cases.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Whitney-2024_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitney-2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Claude 3 drew attention for demonstrating an apparent ability to realize it is being artificially tested during needle in a haystack tests.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Claude_3.5">Claude 3.5</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Claude 3.5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claude_3.5_Sonnet_example_screenshot.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Claude_3.5_Sonnet_example_screenshot.webp/330px-Claude_3.5_Sonnet_example_screenshot.webp.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Claude_3.5_Sonnet_example_screenshot.webp/495px-Claude_3.5_Sonnet_example_screenshot.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Claude_3.5_Sonnet_example_screenshot.webp/660px-Claude_3.5_Sonnet_example_screenshot.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Example of Claude 3.5 Sonnet output</figcaption></figure> <p>On June 20, 2024, Anthropic released Claude 3.5 Sonnet, which demonstrated significantly improved performance on benchmarks compared to the larger Claude 3 Opus, notably in areas such as coding, multistep workflows, chart interpretation, and text extraction from images. Released alongside 3.5 Sonnet was the new Artifacts capability in which Claude was able to create code in a dedicated window in the interface and preview the rendered output in real time, such as SVG graphics or websites.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthropic also announced that Claude 3.5 Opus would be released later that year, and added it to their models page.<sup id="cite_ref-anthropic-models_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthropic-models-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as of February 2025, Claude 3.5 Opus has not been released, and Anthropic has removed mention of it from the models page.<sup id="cite_ref-anthropic-models2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthropic-models2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An "upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet", billed as "Claude 3.5 Sonnet (New)" in the web interface and benchmarks, was introduced on October 22, 2024, along with Claude 3.5 Haiku.<sup id="cite_ref-anthropic-claude-3-5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthropic-claude-3-5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A feature, "computer use," was also unveiled in public beta. This capability enables Claude 3.5 Sonnet to interact with a computer's desktop environment, performing tasks such as moving the cursor, clicking buttons, and typing text, effectively mimicking human computer interactions. This development allows the AI to autonomously execute complex, multi-step tasks across various applications.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon release, Anthropic claimed Claude 3.5 Haiku would remain the same price as its predecessor, Claude 3 Haiku.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, on November 4th, 2024, Anthropic announced that they would be increasing the price of the model "to reflect its increase in intelligence".<sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch-haiku_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techcrunch-haiku-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anthropic-haiku_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthropic-haiku-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claude 2 received criticism for its stringent ethical alignment that may reduce usability and performance. Users have been refused assistance with benign requests, for example with the system administration question "How can I <a href="/wiki/Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a> all <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">python</a> processes in my <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">ubuntu</a> server?" This has led to a debate over the "alignment tax" (the cost of ensuring an AI system is <a href="/wiki/AI_alignment" title="AI alignment">aligned</a>) in AI development, with discussions centered on balancing ethical considerations and practical functionality. Critics argued for user autonomy and effectiveness, while proponents stressed the importance of ethical AI.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-InfoQ_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-InfoQ-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/claude-ai">"What is Claude AI?"</a>. <i>IBM</i>. 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We're also introducing a new capability in beta: computer use. Developers can now direct Claude to use computers the way people do—by looking at a screen, moving a cursor, clicking, and typing text"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Anthropic+hikes+the+price+of+its+Haiku+model&rft.date=2024-11-04&rft.aulast=Wiggers&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2024%2F11%2F04%2Fanthropic-hikes-the-price-of-its-haiku-model%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+%28language+model%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anthropic-haiku-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anthropic-haiku_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthropicAI2024" class="citation web cs1">@AnthropicAI (November 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/AnthropicAI/status/1853498270724542658">"During final testing, Haiku surpassed Claude 3 Opus, our previous flagship model, on many benchmarks—at a fraction of the cost. As a result, we've increased pricing for Claude 3.5 Haiku to reflect its increase in intelligence"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2025</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=During+final+testing%2C+Haiku+surpassed+Claude+3+Opus%2C+our+previous+flagship+model%2C+on+many+benchmarks%E2%80%94at+a+fraction+of+the+cost.+As+a+result%2C+we%27ve+increased+pricing+for+Claude+3.5+Haiku+to+reflect+its+increase+in+intelligence.&rft.date=2024-11-04&rft.au=AnthropicAI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FAnthropicAI%2Fstatus%2F1853498270724542658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+%28language+model%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlifton2024" class="citation web cs1">Glifton, Gerald (January 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lightsquare.org/news/criticisms-arise-over-claude-ais-strict-ethical-protocols-limiting-user-assistance">"Criticisms Arise Over Claude AI's Strict Ethical Protocols Limiting User Assistance"</a>. <i>Light Square</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Light+Square&rft.atitle=Criticisms+Arise+Over+Claude+AI%27s+Strict+Ethical+Protocols+Limiting+User+Assistance&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft.aulast=Glifton&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flightsquare.org%2Fnews%2Fcriticisms-arise-over-claude-ais-strict-ethical-protocols-limiting-user-assistance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClaude+%28language+model%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_(language_model)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a 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href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">Large language model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_network_(machine_learning)" title="Neural network (machine learning)">Neural network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prompt_engineering" title="Prompt engineering">Prompt engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrieval-augmented_generation" title="Retrieval-augmented generation">Retrieval-augmented generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback" title="Reinforcement learning from human feedback">Reinforcement learning from human feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-supervised_learning" title="Self-supervised learning">Self-supervised learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning_architecture)" title="Transformer (deep learning architecture)">Transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variational_autoencoder" title="Variational autoencoder">Variational autoencoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_transformer" title="Vision transformer">Vision transformer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_embedding" title="Word embedding">Word embedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Claude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBRX" title="DBRX">DBRX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(chatbot)" title="Gemini (chatbot)">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_pre-trained_transformer" title="Generative pre-trained transformer">GPT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GPT-1" title="GPT-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-2" title="GPT-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-3" title="GPT-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-J" title="GPT-J">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-4" title="GPT-4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-4o" title="GPT-4o">4o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI_o1" title="OpenAI o1">o1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI_o3" title="OpenAI o3">o3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grok_(chatbot)" title="Grok (chatbot)">Grok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Granite" title="IBM Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama_(language_model)" title="Llama (language model)">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistral_AI#Mistral_Large" title="Mistral AI">Mistral Large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_PanGu" title="Huawei PanGu">PanGu-Σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwen" title="Qwen">Qwen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Text-to-image_model" title="Text-to-image model">Image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(text-to-image_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora (text-to-image model)">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DALL-E" title="DALL-E">DALL-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Firefly" title="Adobe Firefly">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flux_(text-to-image_model)" title="Flux (text-to-image model)">Flux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideogram_(text-to-image_model)" title="Ideogram (text-to-image model)">Ideogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midjourney" title="Midjourney">Midjourney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stable_Diffusion" title="Stable Diffusion">Stable Diffusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Text-to-video_model" title="Text-to-video model">Video</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_Machine_(text-to-video_model)" title="Dream Machine (text-to-video model)">Dream Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runway_(company)#Gen-3_Alpha" title="Runway (company)">Gen-3 Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniMax_(company)#Hailuo_AI" title="MiniMax (company)">Hailuo AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kling_(text-to-video_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kling (text-to-video model)">Kling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_(text-to-video_model)" title="Sora (text-to-video model)">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_DeepMind#Video_model" title="Google DeepMind">Veo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VideoPoet" title="VideoPoet">VideoPoet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udio" title="Udio">Udio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suno_AI" title="Suno AI">Suno AI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_intelligence_companies" title="List of artificial intelligence companies">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/01.AI" title="01.AI">01.AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropic" title="Anthropic">Anthropic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baichuan" title="Baichuan">Baichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepSeek" title="DeepSeek">DeepSeek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElevenLabs" title="ElevenLabs">ElevenLabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_DeepMind" title="Google DeepMind">Google DeepMind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugging_Face" title="Hugging Face">Hugging Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaishou" title="Kuaishou">Kuaishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_AI" title="Meta AI">Meta AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniMax_(company)" title="MiniMax (company)">MiniMax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistral_AI" title="Mistral AI">Mistral AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshot_AI" title="Moonshot AI">Moonshot AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runway_(company)" title="Runway (company)">Runway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stability_AI" title="Stability AI">Stability AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesia_(company)" title="Synthesia (company)">Synthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XAI_(company)" title="XAI (company)">xAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhipu_AI" title="Zhipu AI">Zhipu AI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Generative_artificial_intelligence" title="Category:Generative artificial intelligence">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Generative_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Generative artificial intelligence">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artificial_intelligence_(AI)776" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Artificial_intelligence_navbox" title="Template:Artificial intelligence navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Artificial_intelligence_navbox" title="Template talk:Artificial intelligence navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Artificial_intelligence_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Artificial intelligence navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artificial_intelligence_(AI)776" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence (AI)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_artificial_intelligence" title="History of artificial intelligence">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Timeline of artificial intelligence">timeline</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parameter" title="Parameter">Parameter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperparameter_(machine_learning)" title="Hyperparameter (machine learning)">Hyperparameter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_functions_for_classification" title="Loss functions for classification">Loss functions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regression_analysis" title="Regression analysis">Regression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bias%E2%80%93variance_tradeoff" title="Bias–variance tradeoff">Bias–variance tradeoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_descent" title="Double descent">Double descent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfitting" title="Overfitting">Overfitting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_analysis" title="Cluster analysis">Clustering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradient_descent" title="Gradient descent">Gradient descent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic_gradient_descent" title="Stochastic gradient descent">SGD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-Newton_method" title="Quasi-Newton method">Quasi-Newton method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugate_gradient_method" title="Conjugate gradient method">Conjugate gradient method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backpropagation" title="Backpropagation">Backpropagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attention_(machine_learning)" title="Attention (machine learning)">Attention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convolution" title="Convolution">Convolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normalization_(machine_learning)" title="Normalization (machine learning)">Normalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batch_normalization" title="Batch normalization">Batchnorm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activation_function" title="Activation function">Activation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Softmax_function" title="Softmax function">Softmax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_function" title="Sigmoid function">Sigmoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectifier_(neural_networks)" title="Rectifier (neural networks)">Rectifier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gating_mechanism" title="Gating mechanism">Gating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weight_initialization" title="Weight initialization">Weight initialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regularization_(mathematics)" title="Regularization (mathematics)">Regularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training,_validation,_and_test_data_sets" title="Training, validation, and test data sets">Datasets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Data_augmentation" title="Data augmentation">Augmentation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prompt_engineering" title="Prompt engineering">Prompt engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning" title="Reinforcement learning">Reinforcement learning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Q-learning" title="Q-learning">Q-learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State%E2%80%93action%E2%80%93reward%E2%80%93state%E2%80%93action" title="State–action–reward–state–action">SARSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imitation_learning" title="Imitation learning">Imitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_gradient_method" title="Policy gradient method">Policy gradient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_process" title="Diffusion process">Diffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_diffusion_model" title="Latent diffusion model">Latent diffusion model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoregressive_model" title="Autoregressive model">Autoregression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_machine_learning" title="Adversarial machine learning">Adversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrieval-augmented_generation" title="Retrieval-augmented generation">RAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_valley" title="Uncanny valley">Uncanny valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback" title="Reinforcement learning from human feedback">RLHF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-supervised_learning" title="Self-supervised learning">Self-supervised learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recursive_self-improvement" title="Recursive self-improvement">Recursive self-improvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_embedding" title="Word embedding">Word embedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallucination_(artificial_intelligence)" title="Hallucination (artificial intelligence)">Hallucination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">Machine learning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prompt_engineering#In-context_learning" title="Prompt engineering">In-context learning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_network_(machine_learning)" title="Neural network (machine learning)">Artificial neural network</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_learning" title="Deep learning">Deep learning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_model" title="Language model">Language model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_language_model" title="Large language model">Large language model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_machine_translation" title="Neural machine translation">NMT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence" title="Artificial general intelligence">Artificial general intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio–visual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlexNet" title="AlexNet">AlexNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveNet" title="WaveNet">WaveNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_image_synthesis" title="Human image synthesis">Human image synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">HWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">OCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_learning_speech_synthesis" title="Deep learning speech synthesis">Speech synthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15.ai" title="15.ai">15.ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElevenLabs" title="ElevenLabs">ElevenLabs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">Speech recognition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whisper_(speech_recognition_system)" title="Whisper (speech recognition system)">Whisper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_recognition_system" title="Facial recognition system">Facial recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlphaFold" title="AlphaFold">AlphaFold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text-to-image_model" title="Text-to-image model">Text-to-image models</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_(text-to-image_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora (text-to-image model)">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DALL-E" title="DALL-E">DALL-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Firefly" title="Adobe Firefly">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flux_(text-to-image_model)" title="Flux (text-to-image model)">Flux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideogram_(text-to-image_model)" title="Ideogram (text-to-image model)">Ideogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Brain#Text-to-image_model" title="Google Brain">Imagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midjourney" title="Midjourney">Midjourney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stable_Diffusion" title="Stable Diffusion">Stable Diffusion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text-to-video_model" title="Text-to-video model">Text-to-video models</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_Machine_(text-to-video_model)" title="Dream Machine (text-to-video model)">Dream Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runway_(company)#Gen-3_Alpha" title="Runway (company)">Gen-3 Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiniMax_(company)#Hailuo_AI" title="MiniMax (company)">Hailuo AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kling_(text-to-video_model)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kling (text-to-video model)">Kling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_(text-to-video_model)" title="Sora (text-to-video model)">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_DeepMind#Video_model" title="Google DeepMind">Veo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_artificial_intelligence" title="Music and artificial intelligence">Music generation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suno_AI" title="Suno AI">Suno AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udio" title="Udio">Udio</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Text</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Word2vec" title="Word2vec">Word2vec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seq2seq" title="Seq2seq">Seq2seq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GloVe" title="GloVe">GloVe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BERT_(language_model)" title="BERT (language model)">BERT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T5_(language_model)" title="T5 (language model)">T5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama_(language_model)" title="Llama (language model)">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinchilla_(language_model)" title="Chinchilla (language model)">Chinchilla AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PaLM" title="PaLM">PaLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_pre-trained_transformer" title="Generative pre-trained transformer">GPT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GPT-1" title="GPT-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-2" title="GPT-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-3" title="GPT-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-J" title="GPT-J">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChatGPT" title="ChatGPT">ChatGPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-4" title="GPT-4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPT-4o" title="GPT-4o">4o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI_o1" title="OpenAI o1">o1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI_o3" title="OpenAI o3">o3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Claude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(language_model)" title="Gemini (language model)">Gemini</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_(chatbot)" title="Gemini (chatbot)">chatbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grok_(chatbot)" title="Grok (chatbot)">Grok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaMDA" title="LaMDA">LaMDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLOOM_(language_model)" title="BLOOM (language model)">BLOOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Debater" title="Project Debater">Project Debater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Watson" title="IBM Watson">IBM Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Watsonx" title="IBM Watsonx">IBM Watsonx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Granite" title="IBM Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei_PanGu" title="Huawei PanGu">PanGu-Σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeepSeek" title="DeepSeek">DeepSeek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwen" title="Qwen">Qwen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decisional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaGo" title="AlphaGo">AlphaGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAI_Five" title="OpenAI Five">OpenAI Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Self-driving car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MuZero" title="MuZero">MuZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_selection" title="Action selection">Action selection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoGPT" title="AutoGPT">AutoGPT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robot_control" title="Robot control">Robot control</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Sturgis_McCulloch" title="Warren Sturgis McCulloch">Warren Sturgis McCulloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Pitts" title="Walter Pitts">Walter Pitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Rochester_(computer_scientist)" title="Nathaniel Rochester (computer scientist)">Nathaniel Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Shaw" title="Cliff Shaw">Cliff Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Selfridge" title="Oliver Selfridge">Oliver Selfridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Rosenblatt" title="Frank Rosenblatt">Frank Rosenblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Widrow" title="Bernard Widrow">Bernard Widrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Weizenbaum" title="Joseph Weizenbaum">Joseph Weizenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Papert" title="Seymour Papert">Seymour Papert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seppo_Linnainmaa" title="Seppo Linnainmaa">Seppo Linnainmaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Werbos" title="Paul Werbos">Paul Werbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber" title="Jürgen Schmidhuber">Jürgen Schmidhuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">Yann LeCun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotfi_A._Zadeh" title="Lotfi A. Zadeh">Lotfi A. Zadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Grossberg" title="Stephen Grossberg">Stephen Grossberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Graves_(computer_scientist)" title="Alex Graves (computer scientist)">Alex Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ng" title="Andrew Ng">Andrew Ng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei-Fei_Li" title="Fei-Fei Li">Fei-Fei Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Krizhevsky" title="Alex Krizhevsky">Alex Krizhevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Sutskever" title="Ilya Sutskever">Ilya Sutskever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Silver_(computer_scientist)" title="David Silver (computer scientist)">David Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Goodfellow" title="Ian Goodfellow">Ian Goodfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Karpathy" title="Andrej Karpathy">Andrej Karpathy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neural_Turing_machine" title="Neural Turing machine">Neural Turing machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differentiable_neural_computer" title="Differentiable neural computer">Differentiable neural computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning_architecture)" title="Transformer (deep learning architecture)">Transformer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vision_transformer" title="Vision transformer">Vision transformer (ViT)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrent_neural_network" title="Recurrent neural network">Recurrent neural network (RNN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_short-term_memory" title="Long short-term memory">Long short-term memory (LSTM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gated_recurrent_unit" title="Gated recurrent unit">Gated recurrent unit (GRU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_state_network" title="Echo state network">Echo state network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilayer_perceptron" title="Multilayer perceptron">Multilayer perceptron (MLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convolutional_neural_network" title="Convolutional neural network">Convolutional neural network (CNN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residual_neural_network" title="Residual neural network">Residual neural network (RNN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_network" title="Highway network">Highway network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamba_(deep_learning_architecture)" title="Mamba (deep learning architecture)">Mamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoencoder" title="Autoencoder">Autoencoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variational_autoencoder" title="Variational autoencoder">Variational autoencoder (VAE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_adversarial_network" title="Generative adversarial network">Generative adversarial network (GAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_neural_network" title="Graph neural network">Graph neural network (GNN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Portals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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