CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ubuntu - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0efb4c2a-7b98-48a3-9c5f-a87c88b5875e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ubuntu","wgTitle":"Ubuntu","wgCurRevisionId":1281931179,"wgRevisionId":1281931179,"wgArticleId":990298,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1: unfit URL","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from July 2019","Use British English from January 2021","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2024","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing Xhosa-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023","All articles that may have off-topic sections","Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from November 2023","All accuracy disputes","Articles with disputed statements from December 2018","Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2024","Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2009","Ubuntu","2004 software","ARM Linux distributions","Debian-based distributions","Enterprise Linux distributions","Free software operating systems","Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media","Power ISA Linux distributions","PowerPC Linux distributions","X86-64 Linux distributions","Linux distributions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ubuntu","wgRelevantArticleId":990298,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q381","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png/1200px-Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="675"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png/800px-Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="450"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png/640px-Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="360"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ubuntu - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ubuntu rootpage-Ubuntu skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ubuntu" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ubuntu" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ubuntu" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ubuntu" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Installation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Installation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Installation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Installation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Package_classification_and_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Package_classification_and_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Package classification and support </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Package_classification_and_support-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Package classification and support subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Package_classification_and_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Package_Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Package_Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Package Archives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Package_Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third-party_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third-party_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Third-party software </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third-party_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Releases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_distributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_distributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Official distributions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_distributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unofficial_distributions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unofficial_distributions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Unofficial distributions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unofficial_distributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cloud_computing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cloud_computing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Cloud computing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cloud_computing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption_and_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Adoption and reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adoption_and_reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Adoption and reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Adoption_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Installed_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Installed_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Installed base </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Installed_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Large-scale_deployments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Large-scale_deployments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Large-scale deployments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Large-scale_deployments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Reception </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-32-bit_"deprecation"_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#32-bit_"deprecation"_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 32-bit "deprecation" controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-32-bit_"deprecation"_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conformity_with_European_data_privacy_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conformity_with_European_data_privacy_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Conformity with European data privacy law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conformity_with_European_data_privacy_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_terminal_advertising_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_terminal_advertising_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 System terminal advertising controversies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-System_terminal_advertising_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_communities_(LoCos)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_communities_(LoCos)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Local communities (LoCos) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_communities_(LoCos)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_vendor_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_vendor_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Hardware vendor support </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_vendor_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_interoperability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_interoperability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Windows interoperability </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_interoperability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ubuntu</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 153 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" > 153 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux)" title="Ubuntu (Linux) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ubuntu (Linux)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A1%E1%89%A1%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B1" title="ኡቡንቱ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኡቡንቱ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="أوبونتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوبونتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81" title="ইউবাণ্টু – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইউবাণ্টু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اوبونتو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوبونتو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81" title="উবুন্টু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উবুন্টু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operativni_sistem)" title="Ubuntu (operativni sistem) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ubuntu (operativni sistem)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operatibo_sa_sistema)" title="Ubuntu (operatibo sa sistema) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ubuntu (operatibo sa sistema)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Betriebssystem)" title="Ubuntu (Betriebssystem) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ubuntu (Betriebssystem)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operaciumo)" title="Ubuntu (operaciumo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ubuntu (operaciumo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux_banaketa)" title="Ubuntu (Linux banaketa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ubuntu (Linux banaketa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="اوبونتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوبونتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation)" title="Ubuntu (système d'exploitation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ubuntu (système d'exploitation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(GNU/Linux)" title="Ubuntu (GNU/Linux) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ubuntu (GNU/Linux)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8A%D8%A8%DB%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8A" title="اۊبۊنتۊ – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اۊبۊنتۊ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%81_(%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%AE)" title="ઉબુન્ટુ (ઓપરેટિંગ સિસ્ટમ) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉબુન્ટુ (ઓપરેટિંગ સિસ્ટમ)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%B6%84%ED%88%AC" title="우분투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우분투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ուբունտու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուբունտու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82" title="उबण्टू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उबण्टू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95_(%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1)" title="אובונטו (לינוקס) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אובונטו (לינוקס)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81" title="ಉಬುಂಟು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಬುಂಟು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_Linux" title="Ubuntu Linux – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ubuntu Linux" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(systema_internum)" title="Ubuntu (systema internum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ubuntu (systema internum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_Linux" title="Ubuntu Linux – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ubuntu Linux" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ubuntus" title="ubuntus – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ubuntus" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux-disztrib%C3%BAci%C3%B3)" title="Ubuntu (Linux-disztribúció) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ubuntu (Linux-disztribúció)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81" title="ഉബുണ്ടു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉബുണ്ടു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82" title="उबुंटू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उबुंटू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B1%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%AF" title="Үбүнтү – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үбүнтү" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="ဦးဘွန်းတု – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဦးဘွန်းတု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linuxdistributie)" title="Ubuntu (Linuxdistributie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ubuntu (Linuxdistributie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux)" title="Ubuntu (Linux) – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ubuntu (Linux)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="उबुन्टु – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उबुन्टु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operativsystem)" title="Ubuntu (operativsystem) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ubuntu (operativsystem)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_Linux" title="Ubuntu Linux – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ubuntu Linux" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%81_(%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%AE)" title="ଉବୁଣ୍ଟୁ (ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ) – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉବୁଣ୍ଟୁ (ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ ସିଷ୍ଟମ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%82_(%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE)" title="ਉਬੁੰਟੂ (ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉਬੁੰਟੂ (ਆਪਰੇਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC" title="អ៊ូប៊ុនទូ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អ៊ូប៊ុនទូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(sistema_operacional)" title="Ubuntu (sistema operacional) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ubuntu (sistema operacional)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux)" title="Ubuntu (Linux) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ubuntu (Linux)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%94_(%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA)" title="උබුන්ටු (පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උබුන්ටු (පරිගණක මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8F%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%BD%D9%88_(%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="اُبنٽو (آپريٽنگ نظام) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اُبنٽو (آپريٽنگ نظام)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="ئوبونتو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئوبونتو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux_distribucija)" title="Ubuntu (Linux distribucija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ubuntu (Linux distribucija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="உபுண்டு (இயக்குதளம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உபுண்டு (இயக்குதளம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A2%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="ဢူးပုၼ်းတု – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဢူးပုၼ်းတု" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%81" title="ఉబుంటు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉబుంటు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B9" title="อูบุนตู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อูบุนตู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83" title="Убунту – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Убунту" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%81" title="ಉಬುಂಟು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಉಬುಂಟು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(i%C5%9Fletim_sistemi)" title="Ubuntu (işletim sistemi) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ubuntu (işletim sistemi)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%88" title="اوبنٹو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوبنٹو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%9F" title="烏邦土 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="烏邦土" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="אובונטו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אובונטו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Ubuntu" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q381#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ubuntu" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ubuntu" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ubuntu" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&oldid=1281931179" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ubuntu&id=1281931179&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUbuntu">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUbuntu">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ubuntu&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Using_Ubuntu_Linux" hreflang="en">Wikibooks</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Ubuntu" hreflang="en">Wikiversity</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q381" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Linux distribution developed by Canonical</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the African philosophy, see <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(philosophy,_linked_from_hatnote)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (philosophy, linked from hatnote)">Ubuntu philosophy</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ubuntu (disambiguation)">Ubuntu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Linux distribution</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Ubuntu</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu-logo-2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ubuntu-logo-2022.svg/250px-Ubuntu-logo-2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ubuntu-logo-2022.svg/500px-Ubuntu-logo-2022.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="180" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png/300px-Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png/450px-Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png/600px-Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Ubuntu 24.10 "Oracular Oriole"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canonical_(company)" title="Canonical (company)">Canonical Ltd.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Current</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source</a><a href="#cite_note-Ubuntu_kernel_sources-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ubuntu_archive-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#Ubuntu_4.10_(Warty_Warthog)" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu 4.10</a> (Warty Warthog) / 20 October 2004 (20 years ago) (2004-10-20)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Regular: Oracular Oriole<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d752991978bc33202dc8b89eec6656b3cc9e7df6-v18-3">[3]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> 24.10<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d752991978bc33202dc8b89eec6656b3cc9e7df6-v18-3">[3]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 10 October 2024; 5 months ago (10 October 2024) LTS: 24.04.2 LTS<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c7ebff9a1e25c266eb0b89ee4bb32cdfa1b85e25-v18-4">[4]</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> / 20 February 2025; 39 days ago (20 February 2025)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.launchpad.net/ubuntu">code.launchpad.net/ubuntu</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Marketing target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">IoT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">More than 55 languages by <a href="#Local_communities_(LoCos)">LoCos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Update method</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Software_Updater" title="Software Updater">Software Updater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu Software">Ubuntu Software</a>, <a href="/wiki/APT_(software)" title="APT (software)">apt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package manager</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Software" title="GNOME Software">GNOME Software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dpkg" title="Dpkg">dpkg</a> (<a href="/wiki/APT_(Debian)" class="mw-redirect" title="APT (Debian)">APT</a>), <a href="/wiki/Snap_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap (package manager)">Snap</a> – graphical front-end: <a href="/wiki/Snap_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap Store">Snap Store</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ARM64" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM64">ARM64</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RISC-V</a> (<a href="/wiki/RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RVA20</a> profile)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ppc64le" class="mw-redirect" title="Ppc64le">ppc64le</a> (<a href="/wiki/POWER8" title="POWER8">POWER8</a> and later)</li><li><a href="/wiki/S390x" class="mw-redirect" title="S390x">s390x</a><a href="#cite_note-supported_hardware-5">[5]</a></li><li>32-bit support: <a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> for up to Ubuntu 18.04 and in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu_Core&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubuntu Core (page does not exist)">Ubuntu Core</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and <a href="/wiki/ARMhf" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMhf">ARMhf</a> (<a href="/wiki/ARMv7" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMv7">ARMv7</a> + <a href="/wiki/VFPv3-D16" class="mw-redirect" title="VFPv3-D16">VFPv3-D16</a>) in ubuntu-core-22-pi<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">Userland</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_Core_Utilities" title="GNU Core Utilities">GNU</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a> + some <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">device drivers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-kernelblobs-8">[8]</a> excluding trademarks</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/">ubuntu.com</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Ubuntu (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ʊˈbʊntuː/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b5\/En-Ubuntu_pronunciation.oga\/En-Ubuntu_pronunciation.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-Ubuntu pronunciation.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b5/En-Ubuntu_pronunciation.oga/En-Ubuntu_pronunciation.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-Ubuntu_pronunciation.oga" title="File:En-Ubuntu pronunciation.oga">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">uu-BUUN-too</a>)<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distribution</a> derived from <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> and composed mostly of <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Ubuntu is officially released in multiple editions: <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">Desktop</a>,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and Core<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> for <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of things</a> devices<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robot" title="Robot">robots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The operating system is <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">developed</a> by the British company <a href="/wiki/Canonical_(company)" title="Canonical (company)">Canonical</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and a community of other developers, under a <a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">meritocratic</a> governance model.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> As of October 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit">[update]</a>, the latest interim release is <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#Ubuntu_24.10_(Oracular_Oriole)" title="Ubuntu version history">24.10</a> ("Oracular Oriole"), with the most recent long-term support release being <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#Ubuntu_24.04_LTS_(Noble_Numbat)" title="Ubuntu version history">24.04</a> ("Noble Numbat"). As with other Linux distributions, all of the editions can run on a computer alone, or in a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a>. An upgrade to Ubuntu is released every six months, with <a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">long-term support</a> (LTS) releases every two years.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Canonical provides security updates and support for each Ubuntu release, starting from the release date until the release reaches its designated <a href="/wiki/End-of-life_(product)" class="mw-redirect" title="End-of-life (product)">end-of-life</a> (EOL) date.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Canonical generates revenue through the sale of premium services related to the Ubuntu software and donations from those who download Ubuntu directly.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Ubuntu is named after the <a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a> philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(philosophy,_linked_from_Ubuntu_article_text)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (philosophy, linked from Ubuntu article text)">ubuntu</a>, "humanity to others", with a connotation of "I am what I am because of who we all are".<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a> Since the release of the first version in 2004, Ubuntu has become one of the most popular Linux distributions for general purposes<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> and is backed by large online communities like <a href="/wiki/Ask_Ubuntu" title="Ask Ubuntu">Ask Ubuntu</a>. Numerous community-editions of Ubuntu also exist.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> It is also popular for <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, with support for <a href="/wiki/OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_-_Version_History_-_Visual_Timeline_-_20231019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ubuntu_-_Version_History_-_Visual_Timeline_-_20231019.png/220px-Ubuntu_-_Version_History_-_Visual_Timeline_-_20231019.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ubuntu_-_Version_History_-_Visual_Timeline_-_20231019.png/330px-Ubuntu_-_Version_History_-_Visual_Timeline_-_20231019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ubuntu_-_Version_History_-_Visual_Timeline_-_20231019.png/440px-Ubuntu_-_Version_History_-_Visual_Timeline_-_20231019.png 2x" data-file-width="7428" data-file-height="763" /></a><figcaption>Ubuntu - Version History - Visual Timeline - 20231019</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History </h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu version history</a></div> Ubuntu is built on <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>'s architecture and infrastructure, and comprises Linux server, desktop and discontinued phone and tablet operating system versions.<a href="#cite_note-ubuntu-about-32">[32]</a> Ubuntu releases updated versions predictably every six months,<a href="#cite_note-about_ubuntu-33">[33]</a> and each release receives free support for twelve months (eighteen months prior to 13.04)<a href="#cite_note-omgubuntu.co.uk-34">[34]</a> with security fixes, high-impact bug fixes and conservative, substantially beneficial low-risk bug fixes.<a href="#cite_note-TBR-35">[35]</a> The first release was in October 2004.<a href="#cite_note-firstRelease-36">[36]</a> Ubuntu is currently funded by <a href="/wiki/Canonical_(company)" title="Canonical (company)">Canonical Ltd</a>. On 8 July 2005, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a> and Canonical announced the creation of the Ubuntu Foundation and provided initial funding of US$10 million. The purpose of the foundation is to ensure the support and <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">development</a> for all future versions of Ubuntu. Mark Shuttleworth describes the foundation's goal to ensure the continuity of the Ubuntu project.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On 12 March 2009, Ubuntu announced developer support for third-party <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a> management platforms, such as those used at <a href="/wiki/Amazon_EC2" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon EC2">Amazon EC2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In 2011, Ubuntu's default desktop was changed from <a href="/wiki/GNOME_2" title="GNOME 2">GNOME 2</a> to the in-house <a href="/wiki/Unity_(user_interface)" title="Unity (user interface)">Unity</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/GNOME_3" title="GNOME 3">GNOME 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> After nearly 6.5 years, the default desktop was changed back to GNOME 3 in 2017 upon the release of version <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1710" title="Ubuntu version history">17.10</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Ubuntu, since 16.04.5, requires a 2 GB or larger installation medium.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The last release of Ubuntu available on a minimal CD was 18.04.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> 32-bit <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> processors were supported up to Ubuntu 18.04.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> It was decided to support "<a href="/wiki/Legacy_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Legacy software">legacy software</a>", i.e. select <a href="/wiki/32-bit_application" class="mw-redirect" title="32-bit application">32-bit i386 packages</a>, for Ubuntu 19.10 (since out of support) and 20.04 LTS.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> On 9 August 2024, Ubuntu announced a change in policy to always use the latest upstream code of the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> at the time of each Ubuntu release, even if the kernel code hasn't seen a stable release.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features">edit</a>]</div> As of version 24.10, a <a href="/wiki/Default_(computer_science)" title="Default (computer science)">default</a> installation of Ubuntu contains a minimal selection of software, namely a web browser (<a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a>) and basic <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> utilities (including the desktop).<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Many additional software packages are accessible from the built-in <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Software" title="GNOME Software">Ubuntu Software</a> (previously <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Software_Center" title="Ubuntu Software Center">Ubuntu Software Center</a>) as well as any other APT-based <a href="/wiki/Package_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Package management">package management</a> tools. Many additional software packages that are no longer installed by default, such as <a href="/wiki/Evolution_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution (software)">Evolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pidgin_(software)" title="Pidgin (software)">Pidgin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Synaptic_(software)" title="Synaptic (software)">Synaptic</a>, are still accessible in the repositories and installable by the main tool or by any other APT-based package management tool. Cross-distribution <a href="/wiki/Snappy_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snappy (package manager)">snap packages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flatpak" title="Flatpak">Flatpaks</a> are also available,<a href="#cite_note-ars-48">[48]</a> that both allow installing software, such as some of Microsoft's software, in most of the major Linux operating systems (such as any currently supported Ubuntu version and in <a href="/wiki/Fedora_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedora (operating system)">Fedora</a>). The default file manager is <a href="/wiki/GNOME_Files" title="GNOME Files">GNOME Files</a>, formerly called Nautilus.<a href="#cite_note-defaultapps2023-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> All of the application software installed by default is free software. In addition, Ubuntu redistributes some hardware drivers that are available only in binary format, but such packages are clearly marked in the restricted component.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Current <a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">long-term support</a> (LTS) releases are supported for five years, and are released every two years. Since the release of Ubuntu 6.06, every fourth release receives long-term support.<a href="#cite_note-about_ubuntu-33">[33]</a> Long-term support includes updates for new hardware, security patches and updates to the 'Ubuntu stack' (cloud computing infrastructure).<a href="#cite_note-Morgan-52">[52]</a> The first LTS releases were supported for three years on the desktop and five years on the server; since Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, desktop support for LTS releases was increased to five years as well.<a href="#cite_note-Canonical5yearLTS-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Paul28May12-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-releases-55">[55]</a> LTS releases get regular point releases with support for new hardware and integration of all the updates published in that series to date.<a href="#cite_note-PointReleases-56">[56]</a> Ubuntu packages are based on <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a>'s unstable branch, which are synchronized every six months. Both distributions use Debian's <a href="/wiki/Deb_(file_format)" title="Deb (file format)">deb</a> <a href="/wiki/Software_package_(installation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Software package (installation)">package</a> format and <a href="/wiki/Package_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Package management">package management</a> tools (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Packaging Tool">APT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu Software">Ubuntu Software</a>). Debian and Ubuntu packages are not necessarily <a href="/wiki/Binary_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary compatible">binary compatible</a> with each other, however, so packages may need to be rebuilt from <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source</a> to be used in Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Many Ubuntu developers are also maintainers of key packages within Debian. Ubuntu cooperates with Debian by pushing changes back to Debian,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-58">[58]</a> although there has been criticism that this does not happen often enough. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Murdock" title="Ian Murdock">Ian Murdock</a>, the founder of Debian, had expressed concern about Ubuntu packages potentially diverging too far from Debian to remain compatible.<a href="#cite_note-forking-59">[59]</a> Before release, packages are imported from <a href="/wiki/Unstable_(Debian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unstable (Debian)">Debian unstable</a> continuously and merged with Ubuntu-specific modifications. At some point during the release process, the Debian Import Freeze is implemented. This prevents the automatic import of packages from Debian without an explicit request from a developer. In combination with other freezes, this helps packagers ensure that frozen features interoperate well together.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Security">edit</a>]</div> Ubuntu aims to be secure by default.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> User programs run with <a href="/wiki/Principle_of_least_privilege" title="Principle of least privilege">low privileges</a> and cannot corrupt the operating system or other users' files. For increased security, the <a href="/wiki/Sudo" title="Sudo">sudo</a> tool is used to assign temporary privileges for performing administrative tasks, which allows the <a href="/wiki/Root_account" class="mw-redirect" title="Root account">root account</a> to remain locked and helps prevent inexperienced users from inadvertently making catastrophic system changes or opening security holes.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polkit" title="Polkit">Polkit</a> is also being widely implemented into the desktop.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Most network ports are closed by default to prevent hacking.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> A built-in <a href="/wiki/Uncomplicated_Firewall" title="Uncomplicated Firewall">firewall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uncomplicated_Firewall" title="Uncomplicated Firewall">Uncomplicated Firewall</a>, allows end-users who install network servers to control access. A <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> is available to configure it.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Ubuntu compiles its packages using <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a> features such as <a href="/wiki/Position-independent_code" title="Position-independent code">PIE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buffer_overflow_protection" title="Buffer overflow protection">buffer overflow protection</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hardening_(computing)" title="Hardening (computing)">harden</a> its software.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">relevant?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ubuntu#PIE_and_buffer_overflow_protection" title="Talk:Ubuntu">discuss</a>] These extra features greatly increase security at the performance expense of 0.01% in <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">64-bit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Ubuntu also supports full disk encryption<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> as well as encryption of the home and private directories.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Installation">Installation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Installation">edit</a>]</div> The system requirements vary among Ubuntu products. For the Ubuntu desktop release 22.04 LTS (and still for 24.04.1), a PC with at least 2 GHz <a href="/wiki/Multi-core_processor" title="Multi-core processor">dual-core</a> processor, 4 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> of <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> and 25 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> of free disk space is recommended.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> For less powerful computers, there are other Ubuntu distributions such as <a href="/wiki/Lubuntu" title="Lubuntu">Lubuntu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xubuntu" title="Xubuntu">Xubuntu</a>. Ubuntu also supports the <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM architecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-supported_hardware-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-the_inquirer_ubuntu_arm-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars_technica_ubuntu_1204-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-phoronix_ubuntu_arm-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> It is also available on <a href="/wiki/Power_ISA" title="Power ISA">Power ISA</a>,<a href="#cite_note-supported_hardware-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> while older <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> architecture was at one point unofficially supported,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> and now newer <a href="/wiki/Power_ISA" title="Power ISA">Power ISA</a> CPUs (<a href="/wiki/POWER8" title="POWER8">POWER8</a>) are supported. The <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> ("AMD64") architecture is also officially supported.<a href="#cite_note-supported_hardware-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Live_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Live image">Live images</a> are the typical way for users to assess and subsequently install Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-:2-10">[10]</a> These can be downloaded as a disk image (<a href="/wiki/ISO_image" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO image">.iso</a>) and subsequently burnt to a DVD or USB flash drive and then booted. Other methods include running the live version via <a href="/wiki/Ventoy" title="Ventoy">Ventoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNetbootin" title="UNetbootin">UNetbootin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_USB_Installer" title="Universal USB Installer">Universal USB Installer</a>, or Startup Disk Creator (a pre-installed tool on Ubuntu, available on machines already running the OS) directly from a USB drive (making, respectively, a <a href="/wiki/Live_DVD" class="mw-redirect" title="Live DVD">live DVD</a> or <a href="/wiki/Live_USB" title="Live USB">live USB</a> medium). Running Ubuntu in this way is slower than running it from a <a href="/wiki/Hard_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard drive">hard drive</a>, but does not alter the computer unless specifically instructed by the user. If the user chooses to boot the live image rather than execute an installer at boot time, there is still the option to then use the Ubuntu Desktop Installer once booted into the live environment.<a href="#cite_note-livecdinstall-80">[80]</a> The Ubuntu Desktop Installer replaced the former <a href="/wiki/Ubiquity_(software)" title="Ubiquity (software)">Ubiquity</a> installer since Ubuntu 23.04.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Disk_image" title="Disk image">Disk images</a> of all current and past versions are available for download at the Ubuntu web site.<a href="#cite_note-Ubuntu_Releases-82">[82]</a> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a> installations can be used to boot Ubuntu and <a href="/wiki/Kubuntu" title="Kubuntu">Kubuntu</a> in a way that allows permanent saving of user settings and portability of the USB-installed system between physical machines (however, the computers' <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> must support booting from USB).<a href="#cite_note-pendriveinstall-83">[83]</a> In newer versions of Ubuntu, the <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Live_USB_creator" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu Live USB creator">Ubuntu Live USB creator</a> can be used to install Ubuntu on a USB drive (with or without a live CD or DVD). Creating a bootable USB drive with <a href="/wiki/Persistence_(computer_science)" title="Persistence (computer science)">persistence</a> is as simple as dragging a slider to determine how much space to reserve for persistence; for this, Ubuntu employs <a href="/wiki/Initial_ramdisk#Implementation" title="Initial ramdisk">casper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Package_classification_and_support">Package classification and support</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Package classification and support">edit</a>]</div> Ubuntu divides most software into four domains to reflect differences in licensing and the degree of support available.<a href="#cite_note-Ubuntu_Licensing-86">[86]</a> Some unsupported applications receive updates from community members known as "Masters of the Universe" (MOTU),<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> but not from Canonical Ltd.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Free software </th> <th>Non-free software </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Officially supported by Canonical </th> <td>Main</td> <td>Restricted </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">Community supported/Third party </th> <td>Universe</td> <td>Multiverse </td></tr></tbody></table> Free software includes software that has met the Ubuntu licensing requirements,<a href="#cite_note-Ubuntu_Licensing-86">[86]</a> which roughly correspond to the <a href="/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a>. Exceptions, however, include <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a>, in the Main category, because although <a href="/wiki/Binary_blob" title="Binary blob">some firmware is not allowed to be modified</a>, its distribution is still permitted.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Non-free software is usually unsupported (Multiverse), but some exceptions (Restricted) are made for important non-free software. Supported non-free software includes device drivers that can be used to run Ubuntu on some current hardware, such as binary-only <a href="/wiki/Graphics_card" title="Graphics card">graphics card</a> <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">drivers</a>. The level of support in the Restricted category is more limited than that of Main, because the developers may not have access to the <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>. It is intended that Main and Restricted should contain all software needed for a complete <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ubuntu_Licensing-86">[86]</a> In addition to the above, in which the software <a href="/wiki/Feature_freeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Feature freeze">does not receive new features</a> after an initial release, Ubuntu Backports is an officially recognised repository for <a href="/wiki/Backport" class="mw-redirect" title="Backport">backporting</a> newer software from later versions of Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The -updates repository provides stable release updates (SRU) of Ubuntu and are generally installed through update-manager. Each release is given its own -updates repository (e.g. intrepid-updates). The repository is supported by Canonical Ltd. for packages in main and restricted, and by the community for packages in universe and multiverse. All updates to the repository must meet certain requirements and go through the -proposed repository before being made available to the public.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Updates are scheduled to be available until the end of life for the release.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In addition to the -updates repository, the unstable -proposed repository contains uploads that must be confirmed before being copied into -updates. All updates must go through this process to ensure that the patch does truly fix the bug and there is no risk of <a href="/wiki/Software_regression" title="Software regression">regression</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Updates in -proposed are confirmed by either Canonical or members of the community.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Canonical previously hosted a partner repository that let vendors of proprietary software deliver their products to Ubuntu users at no cost through the same familiar tools for installing and upgrading software.<a href="#cite_note-partner_packaging-92">[92]</a> The software in the partner repository was officially supported with security and other important updates by its respective vendors. Canonical supported the packaging of the software for Ubuntu<a href="#cite_note-partner_packaging-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> and provided guidance to vendors.<a href="#cite_note-partner_packaging-92">[92]</a> However, in anticipation for the release of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Canonical closed the partner repository, as the only package still hosted in it was <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash</a>, which would not be released with 22.04.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Ubuntu developer Steve Langasek said in a development mailing list that he felt the "Snap Store has matured to the point that I believe it supersedes the partner archive".<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Package_Archives">Package Archives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Package Archives">edit</a>]</div> A Personal Package Archive (PPA) is a <a href="/wiki/Software_repository" title="Software repository">software repository</a> for uploading source packages to be built and published as an <a href="/wiki/APT_(Package_Manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="APT (Package Manager)">Advanced Packaging Tool</a> (APT) repository by <a href="/wiki/Launchpad_(website)" title="Launchpad (website)">Launchpad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> While the term is used exclusively within Ubuntu, Launchpad's host, <a href="/wiki/Canonical_(company)" title="Canonical (company)">Canonical</a>, envisions adoption beyond the Ubuntu community.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third-party_software">Third-party software</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third-party software">edit</a>]</div> Some third-party software that does not limit distribution is included in Ubuntu's multiverse component. The package <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu-restricted-extras" title="Ubuntu-restricted-extras">ubuntu-restricted-extras</a> additionally contains software that may be legally restricted, including support for <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD</a> playback, <a href="/wiki/Mscorefonts" class="mw-redirect" title="Mscorefonts">Microsoft TrueType core fonts</a>, many common audio/video <a href="/wiki/Codec" title="Codec">codecs</a>, and unrar, an unarchiver for files compressed in the <a href="/wiki/RAR_(file_format)" title="RAR (file format)">RAR file format</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Additionally, third-party application suites are available for download via Ubuntu Software and the <a href="/wiki/Snap_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap store">Snap store</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> including many games such as <a href="/wiki/Braid_(video_game)" title="Braid (video game)">Braid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil_Rush" title="Oil Rush">Oil Rush</a>,<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> software for DVD playback and media codecs.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Releases">Releases</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Releases">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For further information on all Ubuntu releases, including older ones not covered here, see <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu version history</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="float:left; text-align:center; margin-left:1em; margin-right:0"> <caption>Currently supported releases </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Version </th> <th scope="col">Code name </th> <th scope="col">Release date </th> <th scope="col">General support until </th> <th scope="col">Security support (ESM) until </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1604" title="Ubuntu version history">16.04 LTS</a> </th> <td>Xenial Xerus<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> </td> <td>2016-04-21<a href="#cite_note-ubuntu_insights_2016_04_21-105">[105]</a> </td> <td style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" title="Old version, not maintained" data-sort-value="2021-04-30">Old version, not maintained: 2021-04-30<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </td> <td style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" title="Old version, still maintained" data-sort-value="2026-04">Old version, still maintained: 2026-04 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1804" title="Ubuntu version history">18.04 LTS</a> </th> <td>Bionic Beaver </td> <td>2018-04-26<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion co swatch-unsupported" title="Old version, not maintained" data-sort-value="2023-05-31">Old version, not maintained: 2023-05-31<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" title="Old version, still maintained" data-sort-value="2028-04">Old version, still maintained: 2028-04 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#2004" title="Ubuntu version history">20.04 LTS</a> </th> <td>Focal Fossa </td> <td>2020-04-23<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" title="Old version, still maintained" data-sort-value="2025-05-29">Old version, still maintained: 2025-05-29<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" title="Old version, still maintained" data-sort-value="2030-04">Old version, still maintained: 2030-04 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#2204" title="Ubuntu version history">22.04 LTS</a> </th> <td>Jammy Jellyfish<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </td> <td>2022-04-21<a href="#cite_note-:1-112">[112]</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" title="Old version, still maintained" data-sort-value="2027-06-01">Old version, still maintained: 2027-06-01 </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion co swatch-maintained" title="Old version, still maintained" data-sort-value="2032-04">Old version, still maintained: 2032-04 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#2404" title="Ubuntu version history">24.04 LTS</a> </th> <td>Noble Numbat </td> <td>2024-04-25<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion c swatch-latest" title="Latest version" data-sort-value="2029-05-31">Latest version: 2029-05-31 </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion c swatch-latest" title="Latest version" data-sort-value="2034-04-25">Latest version: 2034-04-25 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#2410" title="Ubuntu version history">24.10</a> </th> <td>Oracular Oriole </td> <td>2024-10-10 </td> <td colspan="1" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);" class="templateVersion c swatch-latest" title="Latest version" data-sort-value="2025-07">Latest version: 2025-07 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1277105988">.mw-parser-output .version-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:12px}.mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .version-legend .legend-item,.mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical .legend-item{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .version-legend .legend-item .swatch,.mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical .legend-item .swatch{display:inline-block;width:1.25em;height:1.25em;border:1px solid #aaa;margin-top:1px}.mw-parser-output .swatch-unsupported{background-color:#fdb3ab}.mw-parser-output .swatch-maintained{background-color:#fef8c6}.mw-parser-output .swatch-latest{background-color:#d4f4b4}.mw-parser-output .swatch-preview{background-color:#fed1a0}.mw-parser-output .swatch-future{background-color:#c1e6f5}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .version-legend .legend-item .swatch,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical .legend-item .swatch{border-color:#72777d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-unsupported{background-color:#421511}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-maintained{background-color:#443f19}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-latest{background-color:#2b4115}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-preview{background-color:#4b3114}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .swatch-future{background-color:#143b4b}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .version-legend .legend-item .swatch,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .version-legend-vertical .legend-item .swatch{border-color:#72777d}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-unsupported{background-color:#421511}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-maintained{background-color:#443f19}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-latest{background-color:#2b4115}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-preview{background-color:#4b3114}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .swatch-future{background-color:#143b4b}}</style><div class="templateVersion l version-legend" style=""><div style="">Legend:</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Old version, not maintained</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Old version, still maintained</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Latest version</div><div style="display: none;" class="legend-item">Latest preview version</div><div style="display: flex;" class="legend-item">Future version</div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> Each Ubuntu release has a <a href="/wiki/Software_versioning" title="Software versioning">version number</a> that consists of the year and month number of the release.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> For example, the first release was Ubuntu 4.10 as it was released on 20 October 2004.<a href="#cite_note-firstRelease-36">[36]</a> Ubuntu releases are also given <a href="/wiki/Alliteration" title="Alliteration">alliterative</a> <a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">code names</a>, using an adjective and an animal (e.g., "Bionic Beaver"). Except the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, allowing a quick determination of which release is newer, at least until restarting the cycle with the release of Artful Aardvark in October 2017.<a href="#cite_note-development-115">[115]</a> Commonly, Ubuntu releases are referred to using only the adjective portion of the code name; for example, the 24.04 LTS release is commonly known as "Noble". Releases are timed to be approximately one month after GNOME releases.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Upgrades from one <a href="/wiki/Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">LTS</a> release to the next LTS release (e.g. Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS etc.) are supported,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> while upgrades from non-LTS have only supported upgrade to the next release, regardless of its LTS status (e.g. Ubuntu 23.10 to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS). However, it is possible to skip an LTS upgrade, going straight from 16.04 LTS to 18.04.5 LTS, by waiting for a point release that supports such updating.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] LTS releases have optional extended security maintenance (ESM) support available, including e.g. 18.04 "Bionic" that is otherwise out of public support, adding support for that version up to 2028, giving a total of 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1010" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)</a>, was released on 10 October 2010 (10–10–10). This departed from the traditional schedule of releasing at the end of October to get "the perfect 10",<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> and makes a playful reference to <a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhiker%27s_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" title="The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy</a> books, since, in <a href="/wiki/Binary_numeral_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary numeral system">binary</a>, 101010 equals <a href="/wiki/Answer_to_the_Ultimate_Question_of_Life,_the_Universe_and_Everything" class="mw-redirect" title="Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything">decimal 42</a>, the "Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything" within the series.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions#Ubuntu-based" title="List of Linux distributions">List of Linux distributions § Ubuntu-based</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg/220px-UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg/330px-UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg/440px-UbuntuFamilyTree1210.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2120" data-file-height="2345" /></a><figcaption>Ubuntu family tree[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ubuntu#Dubious" title="Talk:Ubuntu">discuss</a>]</figcaption></figure> Ubuntu Desktop (formally named as Ubuntu Desktop Edition, and simply called Ubuntu) is the variant officially recommended for most users. It is designed for desktop and laptop PCs and is officially supported by Canonical. Variants are distinguished simply by each featuring a different <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a>, or, in the case of Ubuntu Server, no desktop.<a href="#cite_note-Ubuntu_Releases-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/LXQt" title="LXQt">LXQt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> are often recommended for use with older PCs that may have less memory and processing power available.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_distributions">Official distributions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Official distributions">edit</a>]</div> Most Ubuntu editions and flavours simply install a different set of default packages compared to the standard Ubuntu Desktop. Since they share the same package repositories, all of the same software is available for each of them.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Ubuntu Core<a href="#cite_note-123">[a]</a> is the sole exception as it only has access to packages in the <a href="/wiki/Snap_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap (package manager)">Snap</a> Store.<a href="#cite_note-auto-124">[123]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Distribution </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Edubuntu_Icon.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Edubuntu_Icon.webp/60px-Edubuntu_Icon.webp.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Edubuntu_Icon.webp/64px-Edubuntu_Icon.webp.png 1.5x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edubuntu" title="Edubuntu">Edubuntu</a> </td> <td>Edubuntu, formerly Ubuntu Education Edition, is a flavour of Ubuntu that has been modified for education. It is designed for <a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">preschool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary</a> educations through the installation of different packages. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kubuntu_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Kubuntu_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kubuntu" title="Kubuntu">Kubuntu</a> </td> <td>An Ubuntu flavour using the <a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a> interface instead of the <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> (and Unity) interface used by Ubuntu Desktop.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Lubuntu_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Lubuntu_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lubuntu" title="Lubuntu">Lubuntu</a> </td> <td>Lubuntu is an Ubuntu flavour that is "lighter, less resource hungry and more energy-efficient", using the <a href="/wiki/LXQt" title="LXQt">LXQt</a> <a href="/wiki/Desktop_environment" title="Desktop environment">desktop environment</a> (used <a href="/wiki/LXDE" title="LXDE">LXDE</a> before 18.10).<a href="#cite_note-Distrowatch11May09-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-LXDEBlog-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Ubuntu Core </td> <td>An Ubuntu edition focused on IoT and embedded systems. It has no graphical interface, and only allows access over SSH. Unlike other variants, it does not use the traditional apt package manager but relies entirely on <a href="/wiki/Snap_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap (package manager)">Snap</a> packages.<a href="#cite_note-auto-124">[123]</a> It is designed to be configured via model assertions which are text documents defining which Snap packages and configurations apply to the OS image.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_Budgie_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Ubuntu_Budgie_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Budgie" title="Ubuntu Budgie">Ubuntu Budgie</a> </td> <td>An Ubuntu flavour using <a href="/wiki/Budgie_(desktop_environment)" title="Budgie (desktop environment)">Budgie</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:UbuntuCinnamon.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Cinnamon-logo"><img alt="Cinnamon-logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UbuntuCinnamon.png/48px-UbuntuCinnamon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UbuntuCinnamon.png/72px-UbuntuCinnamon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/UbuntuCinnamon.png/96px-UbuntuCinnamon.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Cinnamon" title="Ubuntu Cinnamon">Ubuntu Cinnamon</a> </td> <td>An Ubuntu flavour using <a href="/wiki/Linux_Mint" title="Linux Mint">Linux Mint's</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_(desktop_environment)" title="Cinnamon (desktop environment)">Cinnamon desktop</a>. Formerly known as Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_Kylin_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ubuntu_Kylin_Icon.png/48px-Ubuntu_Kylin_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ubuntu_Kylin_Icon.png/71px-Ubuntu_Kylin_Icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ubuntu_Kylin_Icon.png/95px-Ubuntu_Kylin_Icon.png 2x" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="138" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Kylin" title="Ubuntu Kylin">Ubuntu Kylin</a> </td> <td>An Ubuntu flavour aimed at the Chinese market. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_MATE_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Ubuntu_MATE_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_MATE" title="Ubuntu MATE">Ubuntu MATE</a> </td> <td>An Ubuntu flavour using <a href="/wiki/MATE_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="MATE (software)">MATE</a>, a desktop environment forked from the now-defunct GNOME 2 code base, with an emphasis on the <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop metaphor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sneddon01Mar15-132">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_and_Ubuntu_Server_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ubuntu_and_Ubuntu_Server_Icon.png/48px-Ubuntu_and_Ubuntu_Server_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ubuntu_and_Ubuntu_Server_Icon.png/71px-Ubuntu_and_Ubuntu_Server_Icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ubuntu_and_Ubuntu_Server_Icon.png/95px-Ubuntu_and_Ubuntu_Server_Icon.png 2x" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="138" /></a> </td> <td>Ubuntu Server </td> <td>Ubuntu has a <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> edition<a href="#cite_note-ubuntu-server-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> that uses the same APT repositories as the Ubuntu Desktop Edition. The differences between them are the absence of an <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window environment</a> in a default installation of the server edition (although one can easily be installed, including GNOME, KDE, Unity or Xfce), and some alterations to the installation process.<a href="#cite_note-PrepInstall-135">[134]</a> The server edition uses a screen-mode, <a href="/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">character-based interface</a> for the installation, instead of a graphical installation process. This enables installation on machines with a serial or "dumb terminal" interface without graphics support. The server edition (like the desktop version) supports <a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">hardware virtualization</a> and can be run in a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a>, either inside a host operating system or in a <a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisor</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/VMware" title="VMware">VMware</a> <a href="/wiki/ESXi" class="mw-redirect" title="ESXi">ESXi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citrix_Systems" title="Citrix Systems">Citrix</a> <a href="/wiki/XenServer" class="mw-redirect" title="XenServer">XenServer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a>, <a href="/wiki/QEMU" title="QEMU">QEMU</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">Kernel-based Virtual Machine</a>, or any other <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> emulator or virtualiser. <a href="/wiki/AppArmor" title="AppArmor">AppArmor</a> security module for the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> is used by default on key software packages, and the <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">firewall</a> is extended to common services used by the operating system. <ul><li>Runs on all major (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>) architectures – <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM_v7" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM v7">ARM v7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM64" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM64">ARM64</a>, <a href="/wiki/POWER8" title="POWER8">POWER8</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> and later, <a href="/wiki/IBM_System_z" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM System z">IBM System z</a> mainframes via <a href="/wiki/LinuxONE" class="mw-redirect" title="LinuxONE">LinuxONE</a>,<a href="#cite_note-server-137">[136]</a> and has initial support for <a href="/wiki/RISC-V" title="RISC-V">RISC-V</a>. <a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a> is no longer commercially supported nor are Ubuntu (Server) versions for 32-bit <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a></li> <li>Supports <a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a>, a file system with snapshot capabilities, since Ubuntu 16.04 LTS.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-phoronix-Ubuntu16.04-ZFS-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a></li> <li>Has LXD, a hypervisor to manage <a href="/wiki/LXC" title="LXC">LXC</a> Linux <a href="/wiki/Operating-system-level_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating-system-level virtualization">containers</a>.</li> <li>Includes the first production release of <a href="/wiki/DPDK" class="mw-redirect" title="DPDK">DPDK</a> for line-speed kernel networking.</li> <li>Uses the latest long-term release Linux kernel and <a href="/wiki/Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a> service manager.</li> <li>Is certified as a guest on <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">AWS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joyent" title="Joyent">Joyent</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_cloud_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM cloud computing">IBM</a> and <a href="/wiki/HP_Cloud" title="HP Cloud">HP Cloud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-server-137">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netplan (page does not exist)">Netplan</a> support<a href="#cite_note-ubuntu-server-133">[132]</a> (available since Ubuntu 16.04 LTS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snappy_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snappy (package manager)">snap</a> package manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)" title="Logical Volume Manager (Linux)">LVM</a> encryption support</li></ul> It has versions of key server software pre-installed, including Tomcat, PostgreSQL (v12.2), Docker, Puppet, Python (v3.9), PHP (v8.0), NGINX (v1.17), and MySQL (v8.0). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_Studio_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Ubuntu_Studio_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Studio" title="Ubuntu Studio">Ubuntu Studio</a> </td> <td>Based on Ubuntu, providing open-source applications for multimedia creation aimed at the audio, video and graphic editors. This release uses the <a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_5" title="KDE Plasma 5">KDE Plasma 5</a> desktop environment; previous releases used <a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ubuntu Unity Logo"><img alt="Ubuntu Unity Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png/48px-Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png/72px-Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png/96px-Ubuntu_Unity_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="769" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Unity" title="Ubuntu Unity">Ubuntu Unity</a> </td> <td>An Ubuntu flavour using <a href="/wiki/Unity_(user_interface)" title="Unity (user interface)">Unity 7</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Xubuntu_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Xubuntu_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xubuntu" title="Xubuntu">Xubuntu</a> </td> <td>An Ubuntu flavour using <a href="/wiki/Xfce" title="Xfce">Xfce</a>. Xubuntu is intended for use on less-powerful computers or those who seek a highly efficient desktop environment on faster systems, and uses mostly <a href="/wiki/GTK" title="GTK">GTK</a> applications.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Ubuntu had some official distributions that have been discontinued, such as <a href="/wiki/Gobuntu" title="Gobuntu">Gobuntu</a>; including some previously supported by Canonical, like <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a>, that is now maintained by volunteers (UBports Community). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unofficial_distributions">Unofficial distributions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Unofficial distributions">edit</a>]</div> Alongside the official flavours are those that are unofficial. These are still in the process of becoming recognised as official flavours by Canonical.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Distribution </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:UbuntuDDE_Icon.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Deepin logo"><img alt="Deepin-logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/UbuntuDDE_Icon.png/48px-UbuntuDDE_Icon.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/UbuntuDDE_Icon.png/72px-UbuntuDDE_Icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/UbuntuDDE_Icon.png/96px-UbuntuDDE_Icon.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a> </td> <td>UbuntuDDE </td> <td>An unofficial Ubuntu flavour using <a href="/wiki/Deepin_Desktop_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepin Desktop Environment">Deepin Desktop Environment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Ubuntu Sway </td> <td>An unofficial Ubuntu flavour using <a href="/wiki/Sway_(window_manager)" title="Sway (window manager)">Sway Window Manager</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Ubuntu Web </td> <td>An unofficial Ubuntu flavour using <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME Desktop Environment</a>, with the focus on web applications.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cloud_computing">Cloud computing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cloud computing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu_Orange_Box-Fossetcon_12.09.2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ubuntu_Orange_Box-Fossetcon_12.09.2014.jpg/250px-Ubuntu_Orange_Box-Fossetcon_12.09.2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ubuntu_Orange_Box-Fossetcon_12.09.2014.jpg/330px-Ubuntu_Orange_Box-Fossetcon_12.09.2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ubuntu_Orange_Box-Fossetcon_12.09.2014.jpg/500px-Ubuntu_Orange_Box-Fossetcon_12.09.2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cloud Ubuntu Orange Box</figcaption></figure> Ubuntu offers Ubuntu Cloud Images which are pre-installed disk images that have been customised by Ubuntu engineering to run on cloud-platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon_EC2" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon EC2">Amazon EC2</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> and <a href="/wiki/LXC" title="LXC">LXC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> Ubuntu is also prevalent on <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_server" title="Virtual private server">VPS</a> platforms such as <a href="/wiki/DigitalOcean" title="DigitalOcean">DigitalOcean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eucalyptus_full.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Eucalyptus_full.jpg/220px-Eucalyptus_full.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Eucalyptus_full.jpg/330px-Eucalyptus_full.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Eucalyptus_full.jpg/440px-Eucalyptus_full.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>Eucalyptus interface</figcaption></figure> Ubuntu has support for OpenStack, with Eucalyptus to OpenStack migration tools added by Canonical.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1110" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu 11.10</a> added focus on OpenStack as the Ubuntu's preferred <a href="/wiki/IaaS" class="mw-redirect" title="IaaS">IaaS</a> offering, though Eucalyptus is also supported. Another major focus is <a href="/wiki/Juju_(software)" title="Juju (software)">Canonical Juju</a> for provisioning, deploying, hosting, managing, and orchestrating enterprise data centre infrastructure services, by, with, and for the Ubuntu Server.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption_and_reception">Adoption and reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Adoption and reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Installed_base">Installed base</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Installed base">edit</a>]</div> As Ubuntu is distributed freely and historically, there was no registration process (still optional<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a>), Ubuntu usage can only be roughly estimated.<a href="#cite_note-Michael_Kerner-160">[159]</a> In 2015, Canonical's Ubuntu Insights page stated, "Ubuntu now has over 40 million desktop users and counting".<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> W3Techs Web Technology Surveys estimated in November 2020 that: <ul><li>Ubuntu is by far the most popular <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distribution</a> for running <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web servers</a>; of the websites they analyse it is "used by 47.3% of all the websites who use Linux",<a href="#cite_note-Q-Success-162">[161]</a> and Ubuntu alone powers more websites than <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, which powers 28.2% of all websites, or 39% of the share Unix has (which includes Linux and thus Ubuntu). All Linux/Unix distributions in total power well over twice the number of hosts as Windows for websites based on W3Techs numbers. Ubuntu and Debian only (which Ubuntu is based on, with the same package manager and thus administered the same way) make up 65% of all Linux distributions for web serving use; the usage of Ubuntu surpassed Debian (for such <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> use) in May 2016.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution among the top 1,000 sites and gains around 500 of the top 10 million websites per day.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a></li></ul> W3Techs analyses the top 10 million websites only.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> data (based on <a href="/wiki/User_agent" title="User agent">user agent</a>) for September 2013 shows that Ubuntu generated the most page requests to Wikimedia sites, including Wikipedia, among recognizable Linux distributions.<a href="#cite_note-wikimedia-stats-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-tale_two_distros-166">[165]</a> As of June 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit">[update]</a>, Ubuntu 22.04 is used in Microsoft NDv5, a <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft's Azure cloud computer</a>, its fastest one (of 7 Azure supercomputers, all running on Ubuntu), currently 3rd fastest <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputer</a> on the <a href="/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500">TOP500</a> list (only beaten by the only two exaflop computers; is itself half an <a href="/wiki/Exaflop" class="mw-redirect" title="Exaflop">exaflop</a>, only the top 3 are that powerful).<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> Other supercomputers running Ubuntu also rank high on the list e.g. NVIDIA's Selene supercomputer still ranks highly, and was fifth-fastest one in the world in November 2022<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> after an upgrade from seventh place, where it entered the list in June. Another Nvidia-based supercomputer using Ubuntu previously topped the <a href="/wiki/Green500" title="Green500">Green500</a> list (it and the next one was also Ubuntu-based), a list which is a reordering of former list, ordered by power-efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> On the TOP500 list, that supercomputer was ranked 170nd (and many Ubuntu-based rank higher than that).<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Large-scale_deployments">Large-scale deployments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Large-scale deployments">edit</a>]</div> The public sector has also adopted Ubuntu. As of January 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Ministry of Education and Science of <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> deployed more than 180,000<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-171">[170]</a> Ubuntu-based classroom desktops, and has encouraged every student in the country to use Ubuntu-powered computer workstations;<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> the Spanish school system has 195,000 Ubuntu desktops.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-171">[170]</a> The French police, having already started using <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a> in 2005 by replacing <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> with <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a>, decided to transition to Ubuntu from <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> after the release of <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-FrPol-173">[172]</a> By March 2009, the <a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie" title="National Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie Nationale</a> had already switched 5,000 workstations to Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-FrPol-173">[172]</a> Based on the success of that transition, it planned to switch 15,000 more over by the end of 2009 and to have switched all 90,000 workstations over by 2015 <a href="/wiki/GendBuntu" title="GendBuntu">(GendBuntu project)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FrPol-173">[172]</a> Lt. Colonel Guimard announced that the move was very easy and allowed for a 70% saving on the IT budget without having to reduce its capabilities.<a href="#cite_note-FrPol-173">[172]</a> In 2011, Ubuntu 10.04 was adopted by the Indian justice system.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> In 2004,<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> the city of <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany, started the <a href="/wiki/LiMux" title="LiMux">LiMux</a> project, and later forked Kubuntu 10.04 LTS for use on the city's computers.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> After originally planning to migrate 12,000 desktop computers to LiMux, it was announced in December 2013 that the project had completed successfully with the migration of 14,800 out of 15,500 desktop computers,<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> but still keeping about 5,000 Windows clients for unported applications. In February 2017 the majority coalition decided, against heavy protest from the opposition,<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> to evaluate the migration back to Windows,<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> after Microsoft had decided to move its company headquarters to Munich.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> Governing Mayor <a href="/wiki/Dieter_Reiter" title="Dieter Reiter">Dieter Reiter</a> cited lack of compatibility with systems outside of the administrative sector, such as requiring a governmental <a href="/wiki/Mail_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail server">mail server</a> to send e-mails to his personal <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>, as reasons for the return, but has been criticised for evaluating administrative IT based on private and business standards.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> In May 2020, the recently elected <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> party and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democrat</a> party negotiated a new coalition agreement, stating: "Where it is technologically and financially possible, the city will emphasize open standards and free open-source licensed software".<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> In March 2012, the government of Iceland launched a project to get all public institutions using free and open-source software. Already, several government agencies and schools have adopted Ubuntu. The government cited cost savings as a big factor for the decision, and also stated that open-source software avoids <a href="/wiki/Vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">vendor lock-in</a>. A 12-month project was launched to migrate the biggest public institutions in Iceland to using open-source software, and help ease the migration for others.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> US president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s successful <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2012">campaign</a> for re-election in 2012 used Ubuntu in its IT department.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> In August 2014, the city of <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy, announced its migration from <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> to Ubuntu for the 8,300 desktop computers used by the municipality, becoming the first city in Italy to adopt Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> Starting in 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>, the non-profit organization behind <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, switched from multiple different Linux operating systems to Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception">Reception</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> Ubuntu was awarded the Reader Award for best Linux distribution at the 2005 <a href="/wiki/LinuxWorld_Conference_and_Expo" title="LinuxWorld Conference and Expo">LinuxWorld Conference and Expo</a> in London,<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> received favourable reviews in online and print publications,<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> and has won <a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a>'s 2007 Bossie Award for Best Open Source Client OS.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> In early 2008, <a href="/wiki/PC_World_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="PC World (magazine)">PC World</a> named Ubuntu the "best all-around Linux distribution available today", though it criticized the lack of an integrated desktop effects manager.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> Chris DiBona, the program manager for open-source software at Google, said "I think Ubuntu has captured people's imaginations around the Linux desktop," and "If there is a hope for the Linux desktop, it would be them". As of January 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit">[update]</a>, almost half of Google's 20,000 employees used <a href="/wiki/Goobuntu" title="Goobuntu">Goobuntu</a>, a slightly modified version of Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-171">[170]</a> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a> reported that Ubuntu was still Google's desktop of choice.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> In March 2016, Matt Hartley picked a list of best Linux distributions for <a href="/wiki/Datamation" title="Datamation">Datamation</a>; he chose Ubuntu as number one.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> In 2008, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Hyneman" title="Jamie Hyneman">Jamie Hyneman</a>, co-host of the American television series <a href="/wiki/MythBusters" title="MythBusters">MythBusters</a>, advocated Linux (giving the example of Ubuntu) as a solution to <a href="/wiki/Software_bloat" title="Software bloat">software bloat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> Other celebrity users of Ubuntu include science fiction writer <a href="/wiki/Cory_Doctorow" title="Cory Doctorow">Cory Doctorow</a><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-198">[197]</a> and actor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fry" title="Stephen Fry">Stephen Fry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> In January 2014, the UK's authority for computer security, <a href="/wiki/Communications-Electronics_Security_Group#CESG" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications-Electronics Security Group">CESG</a>, reported that <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history#1204" title="Ubuntu version history">Ubuntu 12.04 LTS</a> was "the only operating system that passes as many as 9 out of 12 requirements without any significant risks", though it was unclear if any other Linux distributions were tested.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="32-bit_"deprecation"_controversy">32-bit "deprecation" controversy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 32-bit "deprecation" controversy">edit</a>]</div> In June 2019, Canonical announced that they would be deprecating support for <a href="/wiki/32-bit_application" class="mw-redirect" title="32-bit application">32-bit applications</a> and libraries in Ubuntu 19.10.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> Because <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam's</a> Linux client depends on these 32-bit libraries, <a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a> announced that they would no longer be supporting Ubuntu. After uproar from the Linux gaming community, Canonical backtracked on this decision and decided to support select 32-bit libraries. As a result, Valve decided that Steam would support Ubuntu 19.10 again.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wine_(software)" title="Wine (software)">Wine</a> needs most of the same 32-bit library packages that the Steam package depends on, and more, to enable its version of <a href="/wiki/WoW64" title="WoW64">WoW64</a> to run 32-bit Windows applications. The parts of Wine that would continue to function without 32-bit libraries would be limited to the subset of Windows applications that have a 64-bit version, removing decades of Windows compatibility. In Canonical's statement on bringing back the libraries, they mentioned using "container technology" in the future to make sure that Wine continues to function.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conformity_with_European_data_privacy_law">Conformity with European data privacy law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Conformity with European data privacy law">edit</a>]</div> Soon after being introduced in 2012, doubts emerged on the conformance of the shopping lens (a feature that displays Amazon suggestions in the searching tool <a href="/wiki/Unity_Dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity Dash">Unity Dash</a>) with the European <a href="/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive" title="Data Protection Directive">Data Protection Directive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-softpedia_2016-02-10-205">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-omgubuntu_2016-02-10-206">[205]</a> A petition was later signed and delivered to Canonical demanding various modifications to the feature to clearly frame it within European law. Canonical did not reply.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2013, a formal complaint on the shopping lens was filed with the <a href="/wiki/Information_Commissioner%27s_Office" title="Information Commissioner's Office">Information Commissioner's Office</a> (ICO), the UK data privacy office. Almost one year later, the ICO ruled in favour of Canonical, considering the various improvements introduced to the feature conformed with the <a href="/wiki/Data_Protection_Directive" title="Data Protection Directive">Data Protection Directive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ateot_2_2016-02-10-207">[206]</a> According to European rules, this ruling is automatically effective in the entirety of the European Union. However, the ruling also made clear that at the time of introduction the feature was not legal, among other things, since it was missing a privacy policy statement.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="System_terminal_advertising_controversies">System terminal advertising controversies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: System terminal advertising controversies">edit</a>]</div> Ubuntu has integrated increasing quantities of advertising into the operating system's terminal, leading to multiple controversies with its user base.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2017, Canonical placed a message regarding HBO's Silicon Valley in the <a href="/wiki/Message_of_the_day" title="Message of the day">MOTD</a> file, causing the message to be shown whenever a terminal session started. Over the following years, more messages would be placed into the MOTD.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> In 2022, ads for Ubuntu's premium service, Ubuntu Advantage, were introduced into the apt system update utility. This move caused controversy in the user community, with some users considering advertising a fair business model to support development, while other users found the inclusion inappropriate and annoying.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_communities_(LoCos)">Local communities (LoCos)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Local communities (LoCos)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Linux_User_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux User Group">Linux User Group</a>.</div> To reach out to users who are less technical, and to foster a sense of community around the distribution, Local Communities,<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> better known as "LoCos", have been established throughout the world. Originally, each country had one LoCo Team. However, in some areas, most notably the United States and Canada, each state or province may establish a team.<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> A LoCo Council approves teams based upon their efforts to aid in either the development or the promotion of Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware_vendor_support">Hardware vendor support</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Hardware vendor support">edit</a>]</div> Ubuntu works closely with OEMs to jointly make Ubuntu available on a wide range of devices.<a href="#cite_note-Ubuntu_Certified_Hardware-213">[212]</a> These vendors offer computers with Ubuntu pre-installed, including <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>,<a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hasee" title="Hasee">Hasee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a>, OnLogic,<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> and Cirrus7.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> Specifically, <a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a> offers the XPS 13 laptop, Developer Edition with Ubuntu pre-installed.<a href="#cite_note-XPS_13-219">[218]</a> Together, Dell, Lenovo, HP, and Acer offer over 200 desktop and over 400 laptop PCs preloaded with Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/System76" title="System76">System76</a> computers are also sold with Ubuntu.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> Dell and System76 customers can choose between 30-day, three-month, and yearly Ubuntu support plans through Canonical.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> Dell computers (running Ubuntu 10.04) included extra support for <a href="/wiki/ATI_Technologies" title="ATI Technologies">ATI</a>/<a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">AMD</a> Video Graphics, Dell Wireless, <a href="/wiki/Fingerprint_scanner" title="Fingerprint scanner">fingerprint readers</a>, <a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/DVD-Video" title="DVD-Video">DVD</a> playback (using <a href="/wiki/LinDVD" title="LinDVD">LinDVD</a>), and <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a>/<a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a> also sold some <a href="/wiki/Asus_Eee_PC" title="Asus Eee PC">Eee PCs</a> with Ubuntu pre-installed and announced "many more" models running Ubuntu for 2011.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> has made available a notebook for the South African market called "Webbook".<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> Dell sells computers (initially Inspiron 14R and 15R laptops) preloaded with Ubuntu in India and China, with 850 and 350 retail outlets respectively.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> Starting in 2013, Alienware began offering its X51 model gaming desktop pre-installed with Ubuntu at a lower price than if it were pre-installed with Windows.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> While Linux already works on IBM's mainframe system (<a href="/wiki/Linux_on_IBM_Z" title="Linux on IBM Z">Linux on IBM Z</a>), IBM in collaboration with Canonical (and <a href="/wiki/SUSE_S.A." title="SUSE S.A.">SUSE</a>; "<a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a> will form a new Open Mainframe Project") announced Ubuntu support for their <a href="/wiki/Z/Architecture" title="Z/Architecture">z/Architecture</a> for the first time (IBM claimed their system, <a href="/wiki/IBM_zEnterprise_System" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM zEnterprise System">IBM zEnterprise System</a>, version z13, the most powerful computer in the world in 2015;<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> it was then the largest computer by transistor count; again claimed fastest in 2017 with <a href="/wiki/IBM_z14_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM z14 (microprocessor)">IBM z14</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a>), at the time of their "biggest code drop" ("LinuxOne") in Linux history.<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> In early 2015, Intel launched the <a href="/wiki/Intel_Compute_Stick" title="Intel Compute Stick">Intel Compute Stick</a> small form factor computer available preloaded with Ubuntu or Windows operating systems.<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Windows_interoperability">Windows interoperability</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Windows interoperability">edit</a>]</div> Many Windows applications can be run on Ubuntu, much like in other Linux distributions, using the <a href="/wiki/Wine_(software)" title="Wine (software)">Wine</a> compatibility layer, which can be managed via frontends such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bottles_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bottles (software) (page does not exist)">Bottles</a>. Multiple Windows virtual machines can also be installed by KVM/QEMU and Virt-Manager.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> Graphics settings are easiest in QXL/SPICE mode. For 3D accelerated graphics performance, there is a third-party VirGL driver or GPU Full Passthrough mode. In a networked environment, file sharing between Ubuntu Linux and Windows is possible by <a href="/wiki/Samba_(software)" title="Samba (software)">Samba</a> client/server software. Host Ubuntu Linux and the guest Windows virtual machines are also virtually networked in KVM, so file sharing between the host and virtual guest machines can also be done by the Samba in the <a href="/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">KVM</a> environment. RDP server of GNOME Remote Desktop and <a href="/wiki/Remmina" title="Remmina">Remmina</a> client software is used for remote desktop connection between Ubuntu Linux and the other OSs. In March 2016, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> announced that it would support the Ubuntu <a href="/wiki/User_space" class="mw-redirect" title="User space">userland</a> on top of the <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a> by implementing the Linux <a href="/wiki/System_call" title="System call">system calls</a> as <a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">a subsystem</a>. At the time, it was focused on <a href="/wiki/Command-line_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line tool">command-line tools</a> like <a href="/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)" title="Bash (Unix shell)">Bash</a> and was aimed at <a href="/wiki/Software_developers" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developers">software developers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-M&C-238">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSDN-bash-239">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-UonW-240">[239]</a> WSL was made available with Windows 10, version 1709.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> As of 2019, other Linux distributions are also supported.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> In 2019, Microsoft announced the new WSL 2 subsystem that includes a <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, that Canonical announced will have "full support for Ubuntu".<a href="#cite_note-WSL2-243">[242]</a> By this time, it was possible to run graphical Linux apps on Windows.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> In 2021, Microsoft went on to add out-of-the-box support for graphical Linux apps, through the WSLg project.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> In May 2021, Microsoft extended its Threat and Vulnerability Management solution, which was a Windows-only solution thus far, to support Ubuntu, RHEL, and CentOS.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> Starting with version 6, <a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a> runs on Ubuntu and can manage both Windows and Ubuntu computers remotely from either platforms.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of Linux distributions">Comparison of Linux distributions</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/19px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/29px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/38px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/16px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/24px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/32px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Ubuntu Core is a "containerised" version of Ubuntu. The goal of this Ubuntu edition is to provide a more: minimal; secure; maintainable operating system base that can be expanded by "<a href="/wiki/Snap_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap (package manager)">snaps</a>". </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ubuntu_kernel_sources-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Ubuntu_kernel_sources_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/">"kernel.ubuntu.com"</a>. kernel.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821121416/http://kernel.ubuntu.com/git/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kernel.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=kernel.ubuntu.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkernel.ubuntu.com%2Fgit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ubuntu_archive-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Ubuntu_archive_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/">"Index of /ubuntu"</a>. archive.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511162437/http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Index+of+%2Fubuntu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ubuntu.com%2Fubuntu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d752991978bc33202dc8b89eec6656b3cc9e7df6-v18-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d752991978bc33202dc8b89eec6656b3cc9e7df6-v18_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d752991978bc33202dc8b89eec6656b3cc9e7df6-v18_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/oracular-oriole-release-notes/44878">"Oracular Oriole Release Notes"</a>. Retrieved 10 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oracular+Oriole+Release+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscourse.ubuntu.com%2Ft%2Foracular-oriole-release-notes%2F44878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-c7ebff9a1e25c266eb0b89ee4bb32cdfa1b85e25-v18-4"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c7ebff9a1e25c266eb0b89ee4bb32cdfa1b85e25-v18_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2025-February/000308.html">"Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS released"</a>. 20 February 2025. Retrieved 20 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+24.04.2+LTS+released&rft.date=2025-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-announce%2F2025-February%2F000308.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-supported_hardware-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-supported_hardware_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-supported_hardware_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-supported_hardware_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-supported_hardware_5-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/installation">"Installation"</a>. Ubuntu Server Documentation. Canonical Ltd. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129113254/https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/installation">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022. <q>Ubuntu 20.04 Server Edition [...] supports four 64-bit architectures: amd64, arm64, ppc64el, s390x</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Server+Documentation&rft.atitle=Installation&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fserver%2Fdocs%2Finstallation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pages.ubuntu.com/rs/066-EOV-335/images/Ubuntu_Core_4_pager_DS_revised_may_2024.pdf">"Ubuntu Core"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+Core&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpages.ubuntu.com%2Frs%2F066-EOV-335%2Fimages%2FUbuntu_Core_4_pager_DS_revised_may_2024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/core/docs/supported-platforms">"Supported platforms"</a>. Ubuntu Core Documentation. Canonical Ltd. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220101153104/https://ubuntu.com/core/docs/supported-platforms">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Core+Documentation&rft.atitle=Supported+platforms&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fcore%2Fdocs%2Fsupported-platforms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kernelblobs-8"><a href="#cite_ref-kernelblobs_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Ubuntu">"Explaining Why We Don't Endorse Other Systems"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110424061731/http://www.gnu.org/distros/common-distros.html#Ubuntu">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explaining+Why+We+Don%27t+Endorse+Other+Systems&rft.pub=Free+Software+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnu.org%2Fdistros%2Fcommon-distros.html%23Ubuntu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/about">"About the Ubuntu project"</a>. Ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002843/https://www.ubuntu.com/about">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=About+the+Ubuntu+project&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/licensing">"Licensing"</a>. ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502140026/https://www.ubuntu.com/licensing">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Licensing&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Flicensing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/community/mission">"Our mission"</a>. ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065850/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/mission">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Our+mission&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2Fmission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/community/debian">"Debian"</a>. ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065355/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/debian">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Debian&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2Fdebian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/desktop">"Ubuntu PC operating system"</a>. Ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150916063830/http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+PC+operating+system&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fdesktop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/server">"Ubuntu Server - for scale out workloads"</a>. Ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223192409/https://www.ubuntu.com/server">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Server+-+for+scale+out+workloads&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fserver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/core">"Ubuntu Core"</a>. Ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002636/https://www.ubuntu.com/core">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Core&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fcore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/internet-of-things">"Ubuntu for the Internet of Things"</a>. Ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002640/https://www.ubuntu.com/internet-of-things">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+for+the+Internet+of+Things&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Finternet-of-things&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.ubuntu.com/2017/12/19/your-first-robot-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-and-ubuntu-core-1-5">"Your first robot: A beginner's guide to ROS and Ubuntu Core [1/5]"</a>. blog.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162257/https://blog.ubuntu.com/2017/12/19/your-first-robot-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-and-ubuntu-core-1-5">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Your+first+robot%3A+A+beginner%27s+guide+to+ROS+and+Ubuntu+Core+%5B1%2F5%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.ubuntu.com%2F2017%2F12%2F19%2Fyour-first-robot-a-beginners-guide-to-ros-and-ubuntu-core-1-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrenholm" class="citation web cs1">Trenholm, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/open-source-ubuntu-core-connects-robots-drones-and-smart-homes/">"Open source Ubuntu Core connects robots, drones and smart homes"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816194428/https://www.cnet.com/news/open-source-ubuntu-core-connects-robots-drones-and-smart-homes/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+source+Ubuntu+Core+connects+robots%2C+drones+and+smart+homes&rft.pub=CNET&rft.aulast=Trenholm&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fopen-source-ubuntu-core-connects-robots-drones-and-smart-homes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/community/canonical">"Canonical and Ubuntu"</a>. ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502065338/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/canonical">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Canonical+and+Ubuntu&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2Fcanonical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/community/governance">"Governance"</a>. Ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180430200635/https://www.ubuntu.com/community/governance">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Governance&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2Fgovernance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Release_cadence">"Releases - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Release_cadence">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Releases+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FReleases%23Release_cadence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS">"LTS - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805085357/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=LTS+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FLTS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Support_length">"Releases - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Support_length">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Releases+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FReleases%23Support_length&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life">"Release end of life"</a>. ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320144709/https://www.ubuntu.com/info/release-end-of-life">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Release+end+of+life&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Finfo%2Frelease-end-of-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/support">"Support and management"</a>. ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002712/https://www.ubuntu.com/support">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Support+and+management&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fsupport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/support/plans-and-pricing">"Plans and pricing"</a>. Ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002726/https://www.ubuntu.com/support/plans-and-pricing">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Plans+and+pricing&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fsupport%2Fplans-and-pricing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop/thank-you">"Thank you for your contribution"</a>. Ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210817131745/https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop/thank-you">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Thank+you+for+your+contribution&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fdownload%2Fdesktop%2Fthank-you&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://me.pcmag.com/en/operating-systems/19901/ubuntu-pulls-its-latest-desktop-release-over-hate-speech-concerns">"Ubuntu Pulls Its Latest Desktop Release Over Hate Speech Concerns"</a>. PCMag Middle East. 15 October 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCMag+Middle+East&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Pulls+Its+Latest+Desktop+Release+Over+Hate+Speech+Concerns&rft.date=2023-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fme.pcmag.com%2Fen%2Foperating-systems%2F19901%2Fubuntu-pulls-its-latest-desktop-release-over-hate-speech-concerns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/top-five-reasons-why-ubuntu-is-the-most-used-linux-os-491064.shtml">"Top Five Reasons Why Ubuntu Is the Most Used Linux OS"</a>. 7 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Five+Reasons+Why+Ubuntu+Is+the+Most+Used+Linux+OS&rft.date=2015-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-five-reasons-why-ubuntu-is-the-most-used-linux-os-491064.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvangelho" class="citation web cs1">Evangelho, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonevangelho/2018/11/28/linux-for-beginners-understanding-the-many-versions-of-ubuntu/">"Linux For Beginners: Understanding The Many Versions Of Ubuntu"</a>. Forbes. Retrieved 24 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Linux+For+Beginners%3A+Understanding+The+Many+Versions+Of+Ubuntu&rft.aulast=Evangelho&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjasonevangelho%2F2018%2F11%2F28%2Flinux-for-beginners-understanding-the-many-versions-of-ubuntu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/openstack">"OpenStack on Ubuntu is your scalable private cloud, by Canonical"</a>. ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428002409/https://www.ubuntu.com/openstack">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=OpenStack+on+Ubuntu+is+your+scalable+private+cloud%2C+by+Canonical&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fopenstack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ubuntu-about-32"><a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu-about_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/ubuntu-and-debian">"Ubuntu and Debian"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131222053933/http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/ubuntu-and-debian">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+and+Debian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fabout%2Fabout-ubuntu%2Fubuntu-and-debian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-about_ubuntu-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_ubuntu_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_ubuntu_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu">"About Ubuntu. The Ubuntu Story"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130105101448/http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=About+Ubuntu.+The+Ubuntu+Story&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fproject%2Fabout-ubuntu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-omgubuntu.co.uk-34"><a href="#cite_ref-omgubuntu.co.uk_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSneddon2013" class="citation web cs1">Sneddon, Joey-Elijah (20 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/03/ubuntu-to-halve-support-window-for-regular-releases">"Ubuntu To Halve Support Window for 'Regular' Releases"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. Ohso Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821121947/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/03/ubuntu-to-halve-support-window-for-regular-releases">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+To+Halve+Support+Window+for+%27Regular%27+Releases&rft.date=2013-03-20&rft.aulast=Sneddon&rft.aufirst=Joey-Elijah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2013%2F03%2Fubuntu-to-halve-support-window-for-regular-releases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TBR-35"><a href="#cite_ref-TBR_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TimeBasedReleases">"Time Based Releases"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105074245/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/TimeBasedReleases">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=Time+Based+Releases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FTimeBasedReleases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-firstRelease-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-firstRelease_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-firstRelease_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMark_Shuttleworth2004" class="citation web cs1">Mark Shuttleworth (20 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2004-October/000003.html">"Announcing Ubuntu 4.10 "The Warty Warthog Release""</a>. lists.ubuntu.com. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lists.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Announcing+Ubuntu+4.10+%22The+Warty+Warthog+Release%22&rft.date=2004-10-20&rft.au=Mark+Shuttleworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-announce%2F2004-October%2F000003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHill2005" class="citation web cs1">Hill, Benjamin Mako (8 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2005-July/000025.html">"Announcing Launch of ($10 m) Ubuntu Foundation"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203618/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2005-July/000025.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Announcing+Launch+of+%28%2410+m%29+Ubuntu+Foundation&rft.date=2005-07-08&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+Mako&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-announce%2F2005-July%2F000025.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130145702/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/rightscale-cloud-management">"RightScale Adds Full Support for Ubuntu Server to Its Cloud Management Platform"</a>. Canonical Ltd. 12 March 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/news/rightscale-cloud-management">the original</a> on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RightScale+Adds+Full+Support+for+Ubuntu+Server+to+Its+Cloud+Management+Platform&rft.pub=Canonical+Ltd&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fnews%2Frightscale-cloud-management&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul2010" class="citation cs2">Paul, Ryan (25 October 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2010/10/shuttleworth-unity-shell-will-be-default-desktop-in-ubuntu-1104/">"Shuttleworth: Unity shell will be default desktop in Ubuntu 11.04"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>, retrieved 9 August 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Shuttleworth%3A+Unity+shell+will+be+default+desktop+in+Ubuntu+11.04&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2010%2F10%2Fshuttleworth-unity-shell-will-be-default-desktop-in-ubuntu-1104%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu">"Ubuntu"</a>. DistroWatch.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030013233/https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 26 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DistroWatch.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdistrowatch.com%2Ftable.php%3Fdistribution%3Dubuntu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04.5/">"Index of /releases/16.04.5"</a>. releases.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808012557/http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/16.04.5/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=releases.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Index+of+%2Freleases%2F16.04.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freleases.ubuntu.com%2Freleases%2F16.04.5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170222065656/http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/14.04.5/">"Index of /releases/14.04.5"</a>. releases.ubuntu.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/14.04.5/">the original</a> on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=releases.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Index+of+%2Freleases%2F14.04.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freleases.ubuntu.com%2Freleases%2F14.04.5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/MinimalCD">"Installation/MinimalCD"</a>. Canonical Ltd. Retrieved 9 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Installation%2FMinimalCD&rft.pub=Canonical+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FInstallation%2FMinimalCD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.golem.de/sonstiges/zustimmung/auswahl.html?from=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.golem.de%2Fnews%2Fcpu-architektur-ubuntu-will-support-fuer-32-bit-x86-beenden-1906-142007.html">"Golem.de: IT-News für Profis"</a>. www.golem.de. Retrieved 23 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.golem.de&rft.atitle=Golem.de%3A+IT-News+f%C3%BCr+Profis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.golem.de%2Fsonstiges%2Fzustimmung%2Fauswahl.html%3Ffrom%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.golem.de%252Fnews%252Fcpu-architektur-ubuntu-will-support-fuer-32-bit-x86-beenden-1906-142007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts">"Statement on 32-bit i386 packages for Ubuntu 19.10 and 20.04 LTS"</a>. Ubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009140102/https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Statement+on+32-bit+i386+packages+for+Ubuntu+19.10+and+20.04+LTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fblog%2Fstatement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSneddon2024" class="citation cs2">Sneddon, Joey (9 August 2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2024/08/canonical-announce-major-ubuntu-kernel-change">"Canonical Announce Major Ubuntu Kernel Change"</a>, OMG Ubuntu, retrieved 9 August 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OMG+Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Canonical+Announce+Major+Ubuntu+Kernel+Change&rft.date=2024-08-09&rft.aulast=Sneddon&rft.aufirst=Joey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2024%2F08%2Fcanonical-announce-major-ubuntu-kernel-change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/rethinking-ubuntu-desktop-a-more-thoughtful-default-installation/36736">"Rethinking Ubuntu Desktop: a more thoughtful default installation"</a>. Ubuntu Community Hub. 6 July 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Community+Hub&rft.atitle=Rethinking+Ubuntu+Desktop%3A+a+more+thoughtful+default+installation&rft.date=2023-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscourse.ubuntu.com%2Ft%2Frethinking-ubuntu-desktop-a-more-thoughtful-default-installation%2F36736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ars-48"><a href="#cite_ref-ars_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/ubuntu-17-04-review-this-is-unitys-true-swan-song/">"Ubuntu 17.04 review: Don't call it abandonware, per se"</a>. Ars Technica. 11 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225034836/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/05/ubuntu-17-04-review-this-is-unitys-true-swan-song/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+17.04+review%3A+Don%27t+call+it+abandonware%2C+per+se&rft.date=2017-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2017%2F05%2Fubuntu-17-04-review-this-is-unitys-true-swan-song%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-defaultapps2023-49"><a href="#cite_ref-defaultapps2023_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DefaultApps">"DefaultApps - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=DefaultApps+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FDefaultApps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.gnome.org/Nautilus/">"Files – Apps for GNOME"</a>. apps.gnome.org. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apps.gnome.org&rft.atitle=Files+%E2%80%93+Apps+for+GNOME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.gnome.org%2FNautilus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/licensing">"Licensing"</a>. ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110346/http://www.ubuntu.com/about/about-ubuntu/licensing">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Licensing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fabout%2Fabout-ubuntu%2Flicensing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgan-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2010" class="citation news cs1">Morgan, Timothy Prickett (20 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/20/ubuntu_server_10_04/">"Ubuntu Server primed for the bigtime"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004104124/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/04/20/ubuntu_server_10_04/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Server+primed+for+the+bigtime&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Timothy+Prickett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2010%2F04%2F20%2Fubuntu_server_10_04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canonical5yearLTS-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Canonical5yearLTS_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fridge.ubuntu.com/2011/10/21/ubuntu-12-04-to-feature-extended-support-period-for-desktop-users/">"Ubuntu 12.04 to feature extended support period for desktop users"</a>. Fridge.Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101030551/http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2011/10/21/ubuntu-12-04-to-feature-extended-support-period-for-desktop-users/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fridge.Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+12.04+to+feature+extended+support+period+for+desktop+users&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffridge.ubuntu.com%2F2011%2F10%2F21%2Fubuntu-12-04-to-feature-extended-support-period-for-desktop-users%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul28May12-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Paul28May12_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul2012" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Ryan (28 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/precision-and-purpose-ubuntu-12-04-and-the-unity-hud-reviewed">"Precision and purpose: Ubuntu 12.04 and the Unity HUD reviewed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523200126/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/precision-and-purpose-ubuntu-12-04-and-the-unity-hud-reviewed/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Precision+and+purpose%3A+Ubuntu+12.04+and+the+Unity+HUD+reviewed&rft.date=2012-05-28&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2012%2F05%2Fprecision-and-purpose-ubuntu-12-04-and-the-unity-hud-reviewed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-releases-55"><a href="#cite_ref-releases_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases">"Releases"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193700/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=Releases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FReleases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PointReleases-56"><a href="#cite_ref-PointReleases_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShuttleworth2008" class="citation web cs1">Shuttleworth, Mark (12 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/146">"The Art of Release"</a>. MarkShuttleworth.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184036/http://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/146">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarkShuttleworth.com&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+Release&rft.date=2008-05-12&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.markshuttleworth.com%2Farchives%2F146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShuttleworth" class="citation web cs1">Shuttleworth, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MarkShuttleworth#What_about_binary_compatibility_between_distributions.3F">"FAQs: Why and Whither for Ubuntu? What about binary compatibility between distributions?"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221222056/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MarkShuttleworth#What_about_binary_compatibility_between_distributions.3F">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=FAQs%3A+Why+and+Whither+for+Ubuntu%3F+What+about+binary+compatibility+between+distributions%3F&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FMarkShuttleworth%23What_about_binary_compatibility_between_distributions.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-58"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-website/+bug/154274">"Website does not reference Debian visibly"</a>. Ubuntu Website Bug Tracking [Obsolete]. <a href="/wiki/Canonical_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical Group">Canonical Group</a>. 19 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114144/https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu-website/+bug/154274">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2010 – via <a href="/wiki/Launchpad_(website)" title="Launchpad (website)">Launchpad</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Website+Bug+Tracking+%5BObsolete%5D&rft.atitle=Website+does+not+reference+Debian+visibly&rft.date=2007-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugs.launchpad.net%2Fubuntu-website%2F%2Bbug%2F154274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forking-59"><a href="#cite_ref-forking_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819164015/http://ianmurdock.com/debian/ubuntu-vs-debian-reprise/">"Ubuntu vs. Debian, reprise"</a>. 20 April 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ianmurdock.com/debian/ubuntu-vs-debian-reprise/">the original</a> on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+vs.+Debian%2C+reprise&rft.date=2005-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fianmurdock.com%2Fdebian%2Fubuntu-vs-debian-reprise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuDevelopment/ReleaseProcess">"UbuntuDevelopment/ReleaseProcess - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=UbuntuDevelopment%2FReleaseProcess+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FUbuntuDevelopment%2FReleaseProcess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebianImportFreeze">"DebianImportFreeze - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=DebianImportFreeze+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FDebianImportFreeze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/security">"Security"</a>. Ubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808220950/https://ubuntu.com/security">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fsecurity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features">"Security/Features - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808220920/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Security%2FFeatures+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FSecurity%2FFeatures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RootSudo?highlight=%28sudo%29">"Root Sudo"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221162133/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RootSudo?highlight=%28sudo%29">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=Root+Sudo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FRootSudo%3Fhighlight%3D%2528sudo%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DefaultNetworkServices#Service_discovery_processes">"Default Network Services"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082741/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DefaultNetworkServices#Service_discovery_processes">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=Default+Network+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FDefaultNetworkServices%23Service_discovery_processes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Gufw">"Gufw"</a>. Ubuntu Community Help Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110124182952/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Gufw">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Community+Help+Wiki&rft.atitle=Gufw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FGufw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags">"Compiler Flags"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101226022307/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CompilerFlags">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 31 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=Compiler+Flags&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FCompilerFlags&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-sbd.alioth.debian.org/www/">"Debian: Secure by Default"</a>. D-SbD.Alioth.Debian.org. Alioth Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041103003535/http://d-sbd.alioth.debian.org/www/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2004. Retrieved 31 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=D-SbD.Alioth.Debian.org&rft.atitle=Debian%3A+Secure+by+Default&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd-sbd.alioth.debian.org%2Fwww%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FullDiskEncryptionHowto">"FullDiskEncryptionHowto"</a>. Ubuntu Community Help Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702030350/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FullDiskEncryptionHowto">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Community+Help+Wiki&rft.atitle=FullDiskEncryptionHowto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FFullDiskEncryptionHowto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedHome">"Encrypted Home"</a>. Ubuntu Community Help Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318012629/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EncryptedHome">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Community+Help+Wiki&rft.atitle=Encrypted+Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FEncryptedHome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop">"Download Ubuntu Desktop"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120427161553/https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Download+Ubuntu+Desktop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fdownload%2Fdesktop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-the_inquirer_ubuntu_arm-72"><a href="#cite_ref-the_inquirer_ubuntu_arm_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105121422/https://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2115929/ubuntu-1110-support-arm-chips-fight-red-hat">"Ubuntu 11.10 will support ARM processors to take on Red Hat"</a>. The Inquirer. 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+11.10+will+support+ARM+processors+to+take+on+Red+Hat&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinquirer.net%2Finquirer%2Fnews%2F2115929%2Fubuntu-1110-support-arm-chips-fight-red-hat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ars_technica_ubuntu_1204-73"><a href="#cite_ref-ars_technica_ubuntu_1204_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul2012" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Ryan (26 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/precise-pangolin-rolls-out-ubuntu-1204-released-introduces-unity-hud/">"Precise Pangolin rolls out: Ubuntu 12.04 released, introduces Unity HUD"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120704113915/http://arstechnica.com/business/2012/04/precise-pangolin-rolls-out-ubuntu-1204-released-introduces-unity-hud/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Precise+Pangolin+rolls+out%3A+Ubuntu+12.04+released%2C+introduces+Unity+HUD&rft.date=2012-04-26&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fbusiness%2F2012%2F04%2Fprecise-pangolin-rolls-out-ubuntu-1204-released-introduces-unity-hud%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-phoronix_ubuntu_arm-74"><a href="#cite_ref-phoronix_ubuntu_arm_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2012" class="citation web cs1">Larabel, Michael (23 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTA0NzA">"Ubuntu's Already Making Plans For ARM in 2014, 2015"</a>. Phoronix.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141649/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTA0NzA">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phoronix.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu%27s+Already+Making+Plans+For+ARM+in+2014%2C+2015&rft.date=2012-01-23&rft.aulast=Larabel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DMTA0NzA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVaughan-Nichols2011" class="citation news cs1">Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (22 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012221509/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/ubuntu-linux-bets-on-the-arm-server/9445">"Ubuntu Linux bets on the ARM server"</a>. ZDNet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/ubuntu-linux-bets-on-the-arm-server/9445">the original</a> on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Linux+bets+on+the+ARM+server&rft.date=2011-08-22&rft.aulast=Vaughan-Nichols&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fopen-source%2Fubuntu-linux-bets-on-the-arm-server%2F9445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/power8">"Ubuntu for IBM POWER8"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923120709/http://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/power8">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+for+IBM+POWER8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fdownload%2Fserver%2Fpower8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarabel2012" class="citation web cs1">Larabel, Michael (14 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTA3MDc">"Ubuntu Plans to Drop Non-SMP PowerPC Support"</a>. Phoronix.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141552/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTA3MDc">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 7 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phoronix.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Plans+to+Drop+Non-SMP+PowerPC+Support&rft.date=2012-03-14&rft.aulast=Larabel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Dnews_item%26px%3DMTA3MDc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2007-February/000098.html">"Technical Board Decision"</a>. Lists.Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302093120/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2007-February/000098.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 13 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lists.Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Technical+Board+Decision&rft.date=2007-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-announce%2F2007-February%2F000098.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100710193610/http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ports/releases/lucid/release/">"Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)"</a>. CDimage.Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ports/releases/lucid/release/">the original</a> on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CDimage.Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+10.04+LTS+%28Lucid+Lynx%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdimage.ubuntu.com%2Fports%2Freleases%2Flucid%2Frelease%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-livecdinstall-80"><a href="#cite_ref-livecdinstall_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080930141030/http://www.easy-ubuntu-linux.com/ubuntu-installation-606-2.html">"Installing Ubuntu from the Live CD"</a>. Easy-Ubuntu-Linux.com. Integrity Enterprises. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.easy-ubuntu-linux.com/ubuntu-installation-606-2.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Easy-Ubuntu-Linux.com&rft.atitle=Installing+Ubuntu+from+the+Live+CD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.easy-ubuntu-linux.com%2Fubuntu-installation-606-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-desktop-23-04-release-roundup">"Ubuntu Desktop 23.04 release roundup"</a>. Ubuntu. Retrieved 19 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Desktop+23.04+release+roundup&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fblog%2Fubuntu-desktop-23-04-release-roundup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ubuntu_Releases-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ubuntu_Releases_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ubuntu_Releases_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://releases.ubuntu.com/">"Releases.Ubuntu.com"</a>. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708181732/http://releases.ubuntu.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Releases.Ubuntu.com&rft.pub=Canonical+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freleases.ubuntu.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pendriveinstall-83"><a href="#cite_ref-pendriveinstall_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pendrivelinux.com/boot-from-usb-ubuntu/">"Boot from USB Ubuntu with Persistence"</a>. PenDriveLinux.com. 30 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430181731/https://pendrivelinux.com/boot-from-usb-ubuntu/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PenDriveLinux.com&rft.atitle=Boot+from+USB+Ubuntu+with+Persistence&rft.date=2010-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpendrivelinux.com%2Fboot-from-usb-ubuntu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/casper-friendly-and-persistent-ghost">"Casper, the Friendly (and Persistent) Ghost"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Linux_Journal" title="Linux Journal">Linux Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510145627/http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/casper-friendly-and-persistent-ghost">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linux+Journal&rft.atitle=Casper%2C+the+Friendly+%28and+Persistent%29+Ghost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxjournal.com%2Fcontent%2Fcasper-friendly-and-persistent-ghost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328035250/http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man7/casper.7.html">"casper – a hook for initramfs-tools to boot live systems"</a>. Manpages.Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man7/casper.7.html">the original</a> on 28 March 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manpages.Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=casper+%E2%80%93+a+hook+for+initramfs-tools+to+boot+live+systems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmanpages.ubuntu.com%2Fmanpages%2Fhardy%2Fman7%2Fcasper.7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ubuntu_Licensing-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ubuntu_Licensing_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ubuntu_Licensing_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ubuntu_Licensing_86-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/licensing">"About Ubuntu: Licensing"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722001347/http://www.ubuntu.com/project/about-ubuntu/licensing">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=About+Ubuntu%3A+Licensing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fproject%2Fabout-ubuntu%2Flicensing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MOTU">"MOTU - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. Retrieved 7 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=MOTU+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FMOTU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Firmware#Where_Do_You_Get_Firmware.3F">"Kernel/Firmware - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821120807/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Firmware#Where_Do_You_Get_Firmware.3F">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Kernel%2FFirmware+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FKernel%2FFirmware%23Where_Do_You_Get_Firmware.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports">"Ubuntu Backports"</a>. Ubuntu Community Help Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503051547/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuBackports">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Community+Help+Wiki&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Backports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FUbuntuBackports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates">"Stable Release Updates"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420195957/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=Stable+Release+Updates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FStableReleaseUpdates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates">"SRU Verification"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420195957/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=SRU+Verification&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FStableReleaseUpdates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-partner_packaging-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-partner_packaging_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-partner_packaging_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100830233620/http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging">"Application packaging"</a>. Canonical.com. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging">the original</a> on 30 August 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canonical.com&rft.atitle=Application+packaging&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canonical.com%2Fengineering-services%2Fcertification%2Fapplication-packaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-partner_packaging-93"><a href="#cite_ref-partner_packaging_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100830233620/http://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging">"Application packaging"</a>. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canonical.com/engineering-services/certification/application-packaging">the original</a> on 30 August 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Application+packaging&rft.pub=Canonical+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canonical.com%2Fengineering-services%2Fcertification%2Fapplication-packaging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomason" class="citation web cs1">Thomason, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=723804">"Partner Repository Forum FAQ"</a>. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004185630/https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=723804">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2010 – via Ubuntu Forums.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partner+Repository+Forum+FAQ&rft.pub=Canonical+Ltd&rft.aulast=Thomason&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntuforums.org%2Fshowthread.php%3Ft%3D723804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100829103851/http://www.canonical.com/support/services/support-features">"Desktop support features"</a>. Canonical.com. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canonical.com/support/services/support-features">the original</a> on 29 August 2010. Retrieved 15 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canonical.com&rft.atitle=Desktop+support+features&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canonical.com%2Fsupport%2Fservices%2Fsupport-features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSneddon2022" class="citation web cs1">Sneddon, Joey (28 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2022/01/ubuntu-is-axing-the-partner-repo-nobody-uses">"Ubuntu is Axing the Partner Repo Nobody Uses"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu. Retrieved 30 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+is+Axing+the+Partner+Repo+Nobody+Uses&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft.aulast=Sneddon&rft.aufirst=Joey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2022%2F01%2Fubuntu-is-axing-the-partner-repo-nobody-uses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangasek2022" class="citation web cs1">Langasek, Steve (27 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2022-January/041816.html">"Proposed deprecation of the Canonical partner archive"</a>. Retrieved 30 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposed+deprecation+of+the+Canonical+partner+archive&rft.date=2022-01-27&rft.aulast=Langasek&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-devel%2F2022-January%2F041816.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA">"Packaging/PPA - Launchpad Help"</a>. help.launchpad.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130819050104/https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=help.launchpad.net&rft.atitle=Packaging%2FPPA+-+Launchpad+Help&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.launchpad.net%2FPackaging%2FPPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.launchpad.net/ppa/personal-package-archives-for-everyone">"Launchpad Blog"</a>. blog.launchpad.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903095729/http://blog.launchpad.net/ppa/personal-package-archives-for-everyone">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.launchpad.net&rft.atitle=Launchpad+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.launchpad.net%2Fppa%2Fpersonal-package-archives-for-everyone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/ubuntu-restricted-extras">"Ubuntu – Details of package ubuntu-restricted-extras in jammy"</a>. packages.ubuntu.com. Retrieved 25 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=packages.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+%E2%80%93+Details+of+package+ubuntu-restricted-extras+in+jammy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpackages.ubuntu.com%2Fjammy%2Fubuntu-restricted-extras&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shop.canonical.com/index.php?cPath=19">"Ubuntu Software Center"</a>. Shop.Canonical.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130811212235/http://shop.canonical.com/index.php?cPath=19">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shop.Canonical.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Software+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshop.canonical.com%2Findex.php%3FcPath%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlanella2011" class="citation web cs1">Planella, David (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108174052/http://developer.ubuntu.com/2011/12/top-10-ubuntu-software-centre-app-downloads-for-november/">"Top 10 Ubuntu Software Centre app downloads for November"</a>. Developer.Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.ubuntu.com/2011/12/top-10-ubuntu-software-centre-app-downloads-for-november/">the original</a> on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Developer.Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Top+10+Ubuntu+Software+Centre+app+downloads+for+November&rft.date=2011-12&rft.aulast=Planella&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.ubuntu.com%2F2011%2F12%2Ftop-10-ubuntu-software-centre-app-downloads-for-november%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snapcraft.io/vlc">"Install VLC on Linux | Snap Store"</a>. Snapcraft. Retrieved 25 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snapcraft&rft.atitle=Install+VLC+on+Linux+%7C+Snap+Store&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnapcraft.io%2Fvlc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShuttleworth2015" class="citation web cs1">Shuttleworth, Mark (21 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/1479">"X marks the spot"</a>. MarkShuttleworth.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151023012652/http://markshuttleworth.com/archives/1479">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarkShuttleworth.com&rft.atitle=X+marks+the+spot&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.markshuttleworth.com%2Farchives%2F1479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ubuntu_insights_2016_04_21-105"><a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu_insights_2016_04_21_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/20/canonical-unveils-6th-lts-release-of-ubuntu-with-16-04">"Canonical unveils 6th LTS release of Ubuntu with 16.04"</a>. Ubuntu Insights. <a href="/wiki/Canonical_(company)" title="Canonical (company)">Canonical Ltd.</a> 20 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422073003/https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/04/20/canonical-unveils-6th-lts-release-of-ubuntu-with-16-04">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Insights&rft.atitle=Canonical+unveils+6th+LTS+release+of+Ubuntu+with+16.04&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsights.ubuntu.com%2F2016%2F04%2F20%2Fcanonical-unveils-6th-lts-release-of-ubuntu-with-16-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation mailinglist cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-security-announce/2021-March/005930.html">"Extended Security Maintenance for Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) begins April 30 2021"</a> (Mailing list). Retrieved 25 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extended+Security+Maintenance+for+Ubuntu+16.04+%28Xenial+Xerus%29+begins+April+30+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-security-announce%2F2021-March%2F005930.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule">"Bionic Release Schedule"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171214072006/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bionic+Release+Schedule&rft.pub=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FBionicBeaver%2FReleaseSchedule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSandecki2023" class="citation web cs1">Sandecki, Lech (14 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/18-04-end-of-standard-support">"Time to prepare for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS End of Standard Support on 31 May 2023"</a>. Ubuntu Blog.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Blog&rft.atitle=Time+to+prepare+for+Ubuntu+18.04+LTS+End+of+Standard+Support+on+31+May+2023&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft.aulast=Sandecki&rft.aufirst=Lech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fblog%2F18-04-end-of-standard-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/10/ubuntu-20-04-release-features">"Ubuntu 20.04 Release Date & Planned Features (Updated)"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. 18 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200120102637/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2019/10/ubuntu-20-04-release-features">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+20.04+Release+Date+%26+Planned+Features+%28Updated%29&rft.date=2019-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2019%2F10%2Fubuntu-20-04-release-features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle">"The Ubuntu lifecycle and release cadence"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009222201/https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=The+Ubuntu+lifecycle+and+release+cadence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fabout%2Frelease-cycle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/distro-info-data/0.43ubuntu1.9/+index">"0.43ubuntu1.9 : distro-info-data package : Ubuntu"</a>. Launchpad. 15 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027175756/https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/distro-info-data/0.43ubuntu1.9/+index">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Launchpad&rft.atitle=0.43ubuntu1.9+%3A+distro-info-data+package+%3A+Ubuntu&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaunchpad.net%2Fubuntu%2F%2Bsource%2Fdistro-info-data%2F0.43ubuntu1.9%2F%2Bindex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-112"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Future">"Releases - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507013814/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#Future">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Releases+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FReleases%23Future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discourse.ubuntu.com/t/noble-numbat-release-schedule/35649">"Noble Numbat Release Schedule"</a>. Ubuntu Community Hub. 5 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Community+Hub&rft.atitle=Noble+Numbat+Release+Schedule&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscourse.ubuntu.com%2Ft%2Fnoble-numbat-release-schedule%2F35649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommonQuestions#Ubuntu%20Releases%20and%20Version%20Numbers">"Common Questions: Ubuntu Releases and Version Numbers"</a>. Ubuntu Community Help Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517180549/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CommonQuestions#Ubuntu%20Releases%20and%20Version%20Numbers">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Community+Help+Wiki&rft.atitle=Common+Questions%3A+Ubuntu+Releases+and+Version+Numbers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FCommonQuestions%23Ubuntu%2520Releases%2520and%2520Version%2520Numbers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-development-115"><a href="#cite_ref-development_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DevelopmentCodeNames">"Development Code Names"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704080821/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DevelopmentCodeNames">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2007. Retrieved 8 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=Development+Code+Names&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FDevelopmentCodeNames&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes">"Upgrade Notes: General Upgrade Information"</a>. Ubuntu Community Help Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190522072522/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Community+Help+Wiki&rft.atitle=Upgrade+Notes%3A+General+Upgrade+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FUpgradeNotes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-14-04-and-16-04-lifecycle-extended-to-ten-years">"Ubuntu 14.04 and 16.04 lifecycle extended to ten years"</a>. Ubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009051508/https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-14-04-and-16-04-lifecycle-extended-to-ten-years">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+14.04+and+16.04+lifecycle+extended+to+ten+years&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fblog%2Fubuntu-14-04-and-16-04-lifecycle-extended-to-ten-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShuttleworth2010" class="citation web cs1">Shuttleworth, Mark (2 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/336">"Shooting for the Perfect 10.10 with Maverick Meerkat"</a>. MarkShuttleworth.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410150834/https://www.markshuttleworth.com/archives/336">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarkShuttleworth.com&rft.atitle=Shooting+for+the+Perfect+10.10+with+Maverick+Meerkat&rft.date=2010-04-02&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.markshuttleworth.com%2Farchives%2F336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShuttleworth2010" class="citation web cs1">Shuttleworth, Mark (11 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160823100915/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-marketing/2010-May/003987.html">"ubuntu-marketing: 10.10.10"</a>. Ubuntu Mailing Lists. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-marketing/2010-May/003987.html">the original</a> on 23 August 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Mailing+Lists&rft.atitle=ubuntu-marketing%3A+10.10.10&rft.date=2010-05-11&rft.aulast=Shuttleworth&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-marketing%2F2010-May%2F003987.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallen" class="citation web cs1">Wallen, Jack. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/329244:alternative-desktop-xfce4">"Lightweight Linux Desktop Alternative: Xfce"</a>. Linux.com – The Source for Linux Information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626164401/https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/329244:alternative-desktop-xfce4">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux.com+%E2%80%93+The+Source+for+Linux+Information&rft.atitle=Lightweight+Linux+Desktop+Alternative%3A+Xfce&rft.aulast=Wallen&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linux.com%2Flearn%2Ftutorials%2F329244%3Aalternative-desktop-xfce4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/download/flavours">"Ubuntu flavours"</a>. Ubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100522151037/http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/derivatives">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+flavours&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fdownload%2Fflavours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFlavors">"UbuntuFlavors - Ubuntu Wiki"</a>. wiki.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415224252/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuFlavors">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wiki.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=UbuntuFlavors+-+Ubuntu+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FUbuntuFlavors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalter2021" class="citation web cs1">Salter, Jim (2 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/ubuntu-core-20-adds-secure-boot-with-hardware-backed-encryption/">"Containerize all the things with Ubuntu Core 20"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202232308/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/02/ubuntu-core-20-adds-secure-boot-with-hardware-backed-encryption/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Containerize+all+the+things+with+Ubuntu+Core+20&rft.date=2021-02-02&rft.aulast=Salter&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2021%2F02%2Fubuntu-core-20-adds-secure-boot-with-hardware-backed-encryption%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kubuntu.org/">"Kubuntu - Friendly Computing"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224134055/https://kubuntu.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kubuntu+-+Friendly+Computing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkubuntu.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Distrowatch11May09-126"><a href="#cite_ref-Distrowatch11May09_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmart2009" class="citation web cs1">Smart, Chris (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news">"Another day, another Ubuntu derivative"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120121065012/http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20090511#news">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Another+day%2C+another+Ubuntu+derivative.&rft.date=2009-05&rft.aulast=Smart&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdistrowatch.com%2Fweekly.php%3Fissue%3D20090511%23news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LXDEBlog-127"><a href="#cite_ref-LXDEBlog_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLXDE2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/LXDE" title="LXDE">LXDE</a> (February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.lxde.org/?p=208">"Lubuntu? LXDE Meet up with Mark Shuttleworth in Berlin"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120224015352/http://blog.lxde.org/?p=208">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lubuntu%3F+LXDE+Meet+up+with+Mark+Shuttleworth+in+Berlin&rft.date=2009-02&rft.au=LXDE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.lxde.org%2F%3Fp%3D208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lubuntu.net/">"lubuntu"</a>. lubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221225231/https://lubuntu.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lubuntu&rft.atitle=lubuntu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flubuntu.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProven2022" class="citation web cs1">Proven, Liam (17 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/17/ubuntu_core_22/">"Ubuntu releases Core 22: Its IoT and edge distr"</a>. The Register. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220619102229/https://www.theregister.com/2022/06/17/ubuntu_core_22/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+releases+Core+22%3A+Its+IoT+and+edge+distr&rft.date=2022-06-17&rft.aulast=Proven&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2022%2F06%2F17%2Fubuntu_core_22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntucinnamon.org/">"Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix | Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix, traditionally modern"</a>. Ubuntu Cinnamon Remix. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175528/https://ubuntucinnamon.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Cinnamon+Remix&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Cinnamon+Remix+%7C+Ubuntu+Cinnamon+Remix%2C+traditionally+modern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntucinnamon.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSneddon2023" class="citation web cs1">Sneddon, Joey (28 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2023/03/ubuntu-cinnamon-new-official-flavor">"Ubuntu Cinnamon Now Official Ubuntu Flavour"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. Retrieved 30 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Cinnamon+Now+Official+Ubuntu+Flavour&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft.aulast=Sneddon&rft.aufirst=Joey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2023%2F03%2Fubuntu-cinnamon-new-official-flavor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sneddon01Mar15-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Sneddon01Mar15_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSneddon2015" class="citation news cs1">Sneddon, Joey (1 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/02/ubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor">"Ubuntu 15.04 Beta Available to Download, Ubuntu MATE Is Now An Official Flavor"</a>. OMG Ubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317051604/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/02/ubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OMG+Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+15.04+Beta+Available+to+Download%2C+Ubuntu+MATE+Is+Now+An+Official+Flavor&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.aulast=Sneddon&rft.aufirst=Joey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2015%2F02%2Fubuntu-15-04-beta-downloads-now-live-ubuntu-mate-made-an-official-flavor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ubuntu-server-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu-server_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu-server_133-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/server">"Ubuntu Server - for scaleout workloads"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190522065522/https://www.ubuntu.com/server">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+Server+-+for+scaleout+workloads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fserver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes?_ga=2.208102746.998804565.1572421923-262180758.1561889001">"BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817191955/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseNotes?_ga=2.208102746.998804565.1572421923-262180758.1561889001">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=BionicBeaver%2FReleaseNotes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FBionicBeaver%2FReleaseNotes%3F_ga%3D2.208102746.998804565.1572421923-262180758.1561889001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PrepInstall-135"><a href="#cite_ref-PrepInstall_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/preparing-to-install.html">"Preparing to Install"</a>. Ubuntu Official Documentation. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821114248/https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/preparing-to-install.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Official+Documentation&rft.atitle=Preparing+to+Install&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2F16.04%2Fserverguide%2Fpreparing-to-install.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/arm">"Ubuntu Server for ARM"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011233553/https://www.ubuntu.com/download/server/arm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016. <q>Ubuntu 20.04 LTS includes support for the very latest ARM-based server systems powered by certified 64-bit processors. [...] Ubuntu delivers server-grade performance on ARM</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+Server+for+ARM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fdownload%2Fserver%2Farm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-server-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-server_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-server_137-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/server">"What's new in 16.04 LTS"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223192409/https://www.ubuntu.com/server">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=What%27s+new+in+16.04+LTS&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fserver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/security/esm">"Ubuntu Extended Security Maintenance | Security"</a>. Ubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712040355/https://ubuntu.com/security/esm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Extended+Security+Maintenance+%7C+Security&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fsecurity%2Fesm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Conrad2016" class="citation web cs1">Adam Conrad (21 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2016-April/000207.html">"Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) released"</a>. lists.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603235252/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-announce/2016-April/000207.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lists.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+16.04+LTS+%28Xenial+Xerus%29+released&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft.au=Adam+Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-announce%2F2016-April%2F000207.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-phoronix-Ubuntu16.04-ZFS-140"><a href="#cite_ref-phoronix-Ubuntu16.04-ZFS_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarabel" class="citation web cs1">Larabel, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=ubuntu-xenial-zfs&num=1">"Taking ZFS for a Test Drive on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS"</a>. Phoronix.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425064534/http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=ubuntu-xenial-zfs&num=1">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phoronix.com&rft.atitle=Taking+ZFS+for+a+Test+Drive+on+Ubuntu+16.04+LTS&rft.aulast=Larabel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fscan.php%3Fpage%3Darticle%26item%3Dubuntu-xenial-zfs%26num%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs">"zfs: ZFS on Linux - the official OpenZFS implementation for Linux"</a>. 6 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314065738/https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017 – via GitHub.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zfs%3A+ZFS+on+Linux+-+the+official+OpenZFS+implementation+for+Linux&rft.date=2017-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fzfsonlinux%2Fzfs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntustudio.org/">"Ubuntu Studio"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130307102013/http://ubuntustudio.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+Studio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntustudio.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntuunity.org/">"Ubuntu Unity"</a>. ubuntuunity.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200620201816/https://ubuntuunity.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntuunity.org&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Unity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntuunity.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Unity-22.10-Official">"Ubuntu Unity Becoming An Official Flavor With 22.10 Release"</a>. www.phoronix.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022000933/https://www.phoronix.com/news/Ubuntu-Unity-22.10-Official">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.phoronix.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Unity+Becoming+An+Official+Flavor+With+22.10+Release&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phoronix.com%2Fnews%2FUbuntu-Unity-22.10-Official&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFProven2022" class="citation web cs1">Proven, Liam (20 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/20/ubuntu_2210_kinetic_kudu/">"Ubuntu has a new remix in the family: Unity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022134739/https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/20/ubuntu_2210_kinetic_kudu/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+has+a+new+remix+in+the+family%3A+Unity&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft.aulast=Proven&rft.aufirst=Liam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2022%2F10%2F20%2Fubuntu_2210_kinetic_kudu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xubuntu.org/">"Xubuntu"</a>. xubuntu.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122072947/http://www.xubuntu.org/get">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=xubuntu.org&rft.atitle=Xubuntu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fxubuntu.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPablinux2019" class="citation web cs1">Pablinux (23 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxadictos.com/en/have-you-found-out-that-ubuntu-cinnamon-is-likely-to-become-official-flavor.html">"Ubuntu Cinnamon, probably official flavor in the coming months"</a>. Linux Adictos. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175528/https://www.linuxadictos.com/en/have-you-found-out-that-ubuntu-cinnamon-is-likely-to-become-official-flavor.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux+Adictos&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Cinnamon%2C+probably+official+flavor+in+the+coming+months&rft.date=2019-09-23&rft.au=Pablinux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxadictos.com%2Fen%2Fhave-you-found-out-that-ubuntu-cinnamon-is-likely-to-become-official-flavor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNestor2021" class="citation web cs1">Nestor, Marius (14 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-unity-21-10-released-to-keep-the-unity-desktop-alive-in-2021">"Ubuntu Unity 21.10 Released to Keep the Unity7 Desktop Alive in 2021"</a>. 9to5Linux. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103175527/https://9to5linux.com/ubuntu-unity-21-10-released-to-keep-the-unity-desktop-alive-in-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=9to5Linux&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Unity+21.10+Released+to+Keep+the+Unity7+Desktop+Alive+in+2021&rft.date=2021-10-14&rft.aulast=Nestor&rft.aufirst=Marius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F9to5linux.com%2Fubuntu-unity-21-10-released-to-keep-the-unity-desktop-alive-in-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntudde.com/">"UbuntuDDE - Your Beautiful Ubuntu Linux Distribution"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220510204814/https://ubuntudde.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UbuntuDDE+-+Your+Beautiful+Ubuntu+Linux+Distribution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntudde.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntusway.com/">"Ubuntu Sway Remix"</a>. ubuntusway.com. Retrieved 26 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ubuntusway.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Sway+Remix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntusway.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu-web.org/">"Ubuntu Web Remix - A powerful free/libre web OS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221228122737/https://ubuntu-web.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu+Web+Remix+-+A+powerful+free%2Flibre+web+OS.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu-web.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/">"Ubuntu Cloud Images"</a>. Cloud-images.Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. 6 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140217202610/http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cloud-images.Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Cloud+Images&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloud-images.ubuntu.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222002531/https://www.digitalocean.com/blog_posts/where-do-droplets-form">"Where Do Droplets Form?"</a>. DigitalOcean Company Blog. <a href="/wiki/DigitalOcean" title="DigitalOcean">DigitalOcean</a>. 2 January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalocean.com/blog_posts/where-do-droplets-form">the original</a> on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DigitalOcean+Company+Blog&rft.atitle=Where+Do+Droplets+Form%3F&rft.date=2014-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalocean.com%2Fblog_posts%2Fwhere-do-droplets-form&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141012224524/http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/canonical-switches-to-openstack-for-ubuntu-linux-cloud/8875">"Canonical switches to OpenStack for Ubuntu Linux cloud"</a>. ZDNet. 10 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/canonical-switches-to-openstack-for-ubuntu-linux-cloud/8875">the original</a> on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canonical+switches+to+OpenStack+for+Ubuntu+Linux+cloud&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Fblog%2Fopen-source%2Fcanonical-switches-to-openstack-for-ubuntu-linux-cloud%2F8875&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrickett2011" class="citation news cs1">Prickett, Timothy (10 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/10/canonical_ubuntu_openstack/">"Ubuntu eats OpenStack for clouds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009040603/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/10/canonical_ubuntu_openstack/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+eats+OpenStack+for+clouds&rft.date=2011-05-10&rft.aulast=Prickett&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2011%2F05%2F10%2Fcanonical_ubuntu_openstack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirkland2011" class="citation interview cs1">Kirkland, Dustin (7 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUv5vwHMPk0">"Dustin Kirkland of Canonical"</a> (Interview). Interviewed by Barton George. Cloud Expo, New York City: <a href="/wiki/Dell_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Inc.">Dell Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223155/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUv5vwHMPk0">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2012 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dustin+Kirkland+of+Canonical&rft.place=Cloud+Expo%2C+New+York+City&rft.pub=Dell+Inc.&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft.aulast=Kirkland&rft.aufirst=Dustin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DuUv5vwHMPk0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/Orchestra">"ServerTeam: Orchestra"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. 4 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416204350/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ServerTeam/Orchestra">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=ServerTeam%3A+Orchestra&rft.date=2012-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FServerTeam%2FOrchestra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WikiGuide/Registration">"WikiGuide/Registration - Community Help Wiki"</a>. help.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922102737/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WikiGuide/Registration">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=help.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=WikiGuide%2FRegistration+-+Community+Help+Wiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.ubuntu.com%2Fcommunity%2FWikiGuide%2FRegistration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/773609/why-does-ubuntu-require-us-to-register-an-account-on-ubuntu-website-to-be-able-t">"software installation - Why does Ubuntu require us to register an account on Ubuntu website to be able to install a Snap package?"</a>. Ask Ubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170319110136/http://askubuntu.com/questions/773609/why-does-ubuntu-require-us-to-register-an-account-on-ubuntu-website-to-be-able-t">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ask+Ubuntu&rft.atitle=software+installation+-+Why+does+Ubuntu+require+us+to+register+an+account+on+Ubuntu+website+to+be+able+to+install+a+Snap+package%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faskubuntu.com%2Fquestions%2F773609%2Fwhy-does-ubuntu-require-us-to-register-an-account-on-ubuntu-website-to-be-able-t&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michael_Kerner-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Michael_Kerner_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKerner2010" class="citation web cs1">Kerner, Sean Michael (7 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/7032/1/">"Ubuntu Claims 12 Million Users as Lucid Linux Desktop Nears"</a>. LinuxPlanet.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100410164921/http://www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet/reports/7032/1">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LinuxPlanet.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Claims+12+Million+Users+as+Lucid+Linux+Desktop+Nears&rft.date=2010-04-07&rft.aulast=Kerner&rft.aufirst=Sean+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxplanet.com%2Flinuxplanet%2Freports%2F7032%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906185403/http://insights.ubuntu.com/about/">"About Ubuntu Insights"</a>. Insights.Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insights.ubuntu.com/about/">the original</a> on 6 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insights.Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=About+Ubuntu+Insights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsights.ubuntu.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Q-Success-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Q-Success_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-linux">"Usage Statistics and Market Share of Linux for Websites, November 2020"</a>. w3techs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001013143/https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/os-linux">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3techs.com&rft.atitle=Usage+Statistics+and+Market+Share+of+Linux+for+Websites%2C+November+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3techs.com%2Ftechnologies%2Fdetails%2Fos-linux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3techs.com/blog/entry/debian_ubuntu_extend_the_dominance_in_the_linux_web_server_market_at_the_expense_of_red_hat_centos">"Debian/Ubuntu extend the[ir] dominance in the Linux web server market at the expense of Red Hat/CentOS"</a>. W3Techs. Q-Success. 21 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045036/https://w3techs.com/blog/entry/debian_ubuntu_extend_the_dominance_in_the_linux_web_server_market_at_the_expense_of_red_hat_centos">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3Techs&rft.atitle=Debian%2FUbuntu+extend+the%5Bir%5D+dominance+in+the+Linux+web+server+market+at+the+expense+of+Red+Hat%2FCentOS&rft.date=2013-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3techs.com%2Fblog%2Fentry%2Fdebian_ubuntu_extend_the_dominance_in_the_linux_web_server_market_at_the_expense_of_red_hat_centos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3techs.com/technologies">"Web Technologies Statistics and Trends"</a>. W3Techs. Q-Success. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111042558/https://w3techs.com/technologies">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3Techs&rft.atitle=Web+Technologies+Statistics+and+Trends&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3techs.com%2Ftechnologies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikimedia-stats-165"><a href="#cite_ref-wikimedia-stats_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZachte2013" class="citation web cs1">Zachte, Eric (September 2013). <a class="external text" href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2013-09/SquidReportOperatingSystems.htm">"Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report – Operating Systems"</a>. Wikimedia Statistics. <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131028025246/http://stats.wikimedia.org/archive/squid_reports/2013-09/SquidReportOperatingSystems.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wikimedia+Statistics&rft.atitle=Wikimedia+Traffic+Analysis+Report+%E2%80%93+Operating+Systems&rft.date=2013-09&rft.aulast=Zachte&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.wikimedia.org%2Farchive%2Fsquid_reports%2F2013-09%2FSquidReportOperatingSystems.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tale_two_distros-166"><a href="#cite_ref-tale_two_distros_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRelph-Knight2012" class="citation news cs1">Relph-Knight, Terry (10 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/a-tale-of-two-distros-ubuntu-and-linux-mint/">"A tale of two distros: Ubuntu and Linux Mint"</a>. ZDNet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016223722/http://www.zdnet.com/a-tale-of-two-distros-ubuntu-and-linux-mint-3040095012/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+tale+of+two+distros%3A+Ubuntu+and+Linux+Mint&rft.date=2012-02-10&rft.aulast=Relph-Knight&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fa-tale-of-two-distros-ubuntu-and-linux-mint%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/news/frontier-keeps-top-spot-aurora-officially-becomes-second-exascale-machine/">"Frontier keeps top spot, but Aurora officially becomes the second exascale machine | TOP500"</a>. www.top500.org. Retrieved 20 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.top500.org&rft.atitle=Frontier+keeps+top+spot%2C+but+Aurora+officially+becomes+the+second+exascale+machine+%7C+TOP500&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fnews%2Ffrontier-keeps-top-spot-aurora-officially-becomes-second-exascale-machine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/179842/">"Selene - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband"</a>. TOP500. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113053132/https://www.top500.org/system/179842/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TOP500&rft.atitle=Selene+-+NVIDIA+DGX+A100%2C+AMD+EPYC+7742+64C+2.25GHz%2C+NVIDIA+A100%2C+Mellanox+HDR+Infiniband&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F179842%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/lists/green500/2020/11/">"November 2020"</a>. TOP500. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116223035/https://www.top500.org/lists/green500/2020/11/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TOP500&rft.atitle=November+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Flists%2Fgreen500%2F2020%2F11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/system/179910/">"NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD - NVIDIA DGX A100, AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz, NVIDIA A100, Mellanox HDR Infiniband"</a>. TOP500. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117140346/https://www.top500.org/system/179910/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TOP500&rft.atitle=NVIDIA+DGX+SuperPOD+-+NVIDIA+DGX+A100%2C+AMD+EPYC+7742+64C+2.25GHz%2C+NVIDIA+A100%2C+Mellanox+HDR+Infiniband&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fsystem%2F179910%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_171-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_171-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVance2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ashlee_Vance" title="Ashlee Vance">Vance, Ashlee</a> (10 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/business/11ubuntu.html">"A Software Populist Who Doesn't Do Windows"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130512232859/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/business/11ubuntu.html?_r=2&th&emc=th">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Software+Populist+Who+Doesn%27t+Do+Windows&rft.date=2009-01-10&rft.aulast=Vance&rft.aufirst=Ashlee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F11%2Fbusiness%2F11ubuntu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403200908/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/macedonia-school-computers">"Every Student in the Republic of Macedonia to Use Ubuntu-powered Computer Workstations"</a>. Ubuntu. Canonical Ltd. 20 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/news/macedonia-school-computers">the original</a> on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Every+Student+in+the+Republic+of+Macedonia+to+Use+Ubuntu-powered+Computer+Workstations&rft.date=2007-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fnews%2Fmacedonia-school-computers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrPol-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FrPol_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrPol_173-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrPol_173-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FrPol_173-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul2009" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Ryan (11 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/03/french-police-saves-millions-of-euros-by-adopting-ubuntu.ars">"French police: We saved millions of euros by adopting Ubuntu"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090313044240/http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/03/french-police-saves-millions-of-euros-by-adopting-ubuntu.ars">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=French+police%3A+We+saved+millions+of+euros+by+adopting+Ubuntu&rft.date=2009-03-11&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fopen-source%2Fnews%2F2009%2F03%2Ffrench-police-saves-millions-of-euros-by-adopting-ubuntu.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/India-s-Justice-Sytem-Switches-to-Ubuntu-10-04-228451.shtml">"India's Justice Sytem [sic] Switches to Ubuntu 10.04"</a>. News.Softpedia.com. SoftNews Net SRL. 18 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219232124/http://news.softpedia.com/news/India-s-Justice-Sytem-Switches-to-Ubuntu-10-04-228451.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.Softpedia.com&rft.atitle=India%27s+Justice+Sytem%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+Switches+to+Ubuntu+10.04&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2FIndia-s-Justice-Sytem-Switches-to-Ubuntu-10-04-228451.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcworld.com/article/469542/munich_mayor_says_switch_to_linux_saved_money_reduced_complaints.html">"Munich Mayor Says Switch to Linux Saved Money, Reduced Complaints"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PCWorld" class="mw-redirect" title="PCWorld">PCWorld</a>. 30 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307153529/https://www.pcworld.com/article/469542/munich_mayor_says_switch_to_linux_saved_money_reduced_complaints.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. <q>The city of Munich started the LiMux project in 2004 and began migrating from Windows NT to a fully open source desktop infrastructure in 2006.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PCWorld&rft.atitle=Munich+Mayor+Says+Switch+to+Linux+Saved+Money%2C+Reduced+Complaints&rft.date=2012-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F469542%2Fmunich_mayor_says_switch_to_linux_saved_money_reduced_complaints.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120904212323/http://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Direktorium/LiMux.html">"Landeshauptstadt München – Das Projekt LiMux"</a> [City of Munich – The Project LiMux]. Muenchen.de: Das offizielle Stadtportal (in German). Portal München Betriebs GmbH / Landeshauptstadt München / Stadtwerke München GmbH. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muenchen.de/rathaus/Stadtverwaltung/Direktorium/LiMux.html">the original</a> on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muenchen.de%3A+Das+offizielle+Stadtportal&rft.atitle=Landeshauptstadt+M%C3%BCnchen+%E2%80%93+Das+Projekt+LiMux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muenchen.de%2Frathaus%2FStadtverwaltung%2FDirektorium%2FLiMux.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEssers2013" class="citation web cs1">Essers, Loek (13 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013085745/http://www.cio.co.uk/news/change-management/munich-open-source-completed-successfully/">"Munich open-source switch 'completed successfully'"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cio.co.uk/news/change-management/munich-open-source-completed-successfully/">the original</a> on 13 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Munich+open-source+switch+%27completed+successfully%27&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.aulast=Essers&rft.aufirst=Loek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cio.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fchange-management%2Fmunich-open-source-completed-successfully%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFiX2017" class="citation web cs1">iX (12 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/LiMux-Aus-in-Muenchen-Opposition-wettert-gegen-katastrophale-Fehlentscheidung-3622848.html">"LiMux-Aus in München: Opposition wettert gegen "katastrophale Fehlentscheidung""</a>. iX. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/LiMux-Aus-in-Muenchen-Opposition-wettert-gegen-katastrophale-Fehlentscheidung-3622848.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iX&rft.atitle=LiMux-Aus+in+M%C3%BCnchen%3A+Opposition+wettert+gegen+%22katastrophale+Fehlentscheidung%22&rft.date=2017-02-12&rft.au=iX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fnewsticker%2Fmeldung%2FLiMux-Aus-in-Muenchen-Opposition-wettert-gegen-katastrophale-Fehlentscheidung-3622848.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFiX2017" class="citation web cs1">iX (9 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/ix/meldung/Von-Linux-zurueck-zu-Microsoft-Schwarz-Rot-in-Muenchen-will-LiMux-rauswerfen-3621178.html">"Von Linux zurück zu Microsoft: Schwarz-Rot in München will LiMux rauswerfen"</a>. iX. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421025726/https://www.heise.de/ix/meldung/Von-Linux-zurueck-zu-Microsoft-Schwarz-Rot-in-Muenchen-will-LiMux-rauswerfen-3621178.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iX&rft.atitle=Von+Linux+zur%C3%BCck+zu+Microsoft%3A+Schwarz-Rot+in+M%C3%BCnchen+will+LiMux+rauswerfen&rft.date=2017-02-09&rft.au=iX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fix%2Fmeldung%2FVon-Linux-zurueck-zu-Microsoft-Schwarz-Rot-in-Muenchen-will-LiMux-rauswerfen-3621178.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFiX2013" class="citation web cs1">iX (8 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Buero-der-Zukunft-Microsoft-zieht-nach-Muenchen-Schwabing-2042386.html">""Büro der Zukunft": Microsoft zieht nach München-Schwabing"</a>. iX. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Buero-der-Zukunft-Microsoft-zieht-nach-Muenchen-Schwabing-2042386.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iX&rft.atitle=%22B%C3%BCro+der+Zukunft%22%3A+Microsoft+zieht+nach+M%C3%BCnchen-Schwabing&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft.au=iX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fnewsticker%2Fmeldung%2FBuero-der-Zukunft-Microsoft-zieht-nach-Muenchen-Schwabing-2042386.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFiX" class="citation web cs1">iX. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung">""Bin Microsoft-Fan": Münchner Bürgermeister kritisiert Linux - derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung"</a>. iX. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602074626/https://derstandard.at/2000003144506/Bin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iX&rft.atitle=%22Bin+Microsoft-Fan%22%3A+M%C3%BCnchner+B%C3%BCrgermeister+kritisiert+Linux+-+derstandard.at%2F2000003144506%2FBin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung&rft.au=iX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fderstandard.at%2F2000003144506%2FBin-Microsoft-Fan-Muenchner-Buergermeister-kritisiert-Linux-in-Stadtverwaltung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchaer2020" class="citation news cs1">Schaer, Cathrin (14 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-not-windows-why-munich-is-shifting-back-from-microsoft-to-open-source-again/">"Linux not Windows: Why Munich is shifting back from Microsoft to open source – again"</a>. ZDNet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210409220034/https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-not-windows-why-munich-is-shifting-back-from-microsoft-to-open-source-again/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZDNet&rft.atitle=Linux+not+Windows%3A+Why+Munich+is+shifting+back+from+Microsoft+to+open+source+%E2%80%93+again&rft.date=2020-05-14&rft.aulast=Schaer&rft.aufirst=Cathrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Flinux-not-windows-why-munich-is-shifting-back-from-microsoft-to-open-source-again%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gruene-muenchen.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Druckfassung_Koalitionsvertrag-2020_2026.pdf">"Mit Mut, Visionen und Zuversicht: Ganz München im Blick"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327063010/https://www.gruene-muenchen.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Druckfassung_Koalitionsvertrag-2020_2026.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mit+Mut%2C+Visionen+und+Zuversicht%3A+Ganz+M%C3%BCnchen+im+Blick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gruene-muenchen.de%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F04%2FDruckfassung_Koalitionsvertrag-2020_2026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Brown, Mark (23 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709055602/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-03/23/iceland-open-source-software">"Icelandic government makes a push for open-source software"</a>. Wired UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2012-03/23/iceland-open-source-software">the original</a> on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+UK&rft.atitle=Icelandic+government+makes+a+push+for+open-source+software&rft.date=2012-03-23&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farchive%2F2012-03%2F23%2Ficeland-open-source-software&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2012" class="citation news cs1">Gallagher, Sean (20 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/11/how-team-obamas-tech-efficiency-left-romney-it-in-dust/">"How Team Obama's tech efficiency left Romney IT in dust"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171101190642/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/11/how-team-obamas-tech-efficiency-left-romney-it-in-dust/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2018. <q>Key in maximizing the value of the Obama campaign's IT spending was its use of open source tools and open architectures. Linux—particularly Ubuntu—was used as the server operating system of choice.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=How+Team+Obama%27s+tech+efficiency+left+Romney+IT+in+dust&rft.date=2012-11-20&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2012%2F11%2Fhow-team-obamas-tech-efficiency-left-romney-it-in-dust%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStahie2014" class="citation web cs1">Stahie, Silviu (8 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/Turin-to-Be-First-Italian-City-to-Adopt-Ubuntu-Unshackle-from-the-quot-Tyranny-of-Proprietary-Software-quot-454152.shtml">"Turin to Be First Italian City to Adopt Ubuntu, Unshackle from the 'Tyranny of Proprietary Software'"</a>. News.Softpedia.com. SoftNews Net SRL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006075109/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Turin-to-Be-First-Italian-City-to-Adopt-Ubuntu-Unshackle-from-the-quot-Tyranny-of-Proprietary-Software-quot-454152.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.Softpedia.com&rft.atitle=Turin+to+Be+First+Italian+City+to+Adopt+Ubuntu%2C+Unshackle+from+the+%27Tyranny+of+Proprietary+Software%27&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft.aulast=Stahie&rft.aufirst=Silviu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2FTurin-to-Be-First-Italian-City-to-Adopt-Ubuntu-Unshackle-from-the-quot-Tyranny-of-Proprietary-Software-quot-454152.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuccione2014" class="citation web cs1">Guccione, Gabriele (4 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/08/03/news/il_comune_rinnova_i_pc_e_d_laddio_a_microsoft_risparmiamo_6_milioni-93067980/">"Il Comune di Torino rinnova i pc e dà l'addio a Microsoft: "Risparmiamo 6 milioni""</a>. la Repubblica. Gruppo Editoriale L′Espresso. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140927103402/http://torino.repubblica.it/cronaca/2014/08/03/news/il_comune_rinnova_i_pc_e_d_laddio_a_microsoft_risparmiamo_6_milioni-93067980/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=la+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Il+Comune+di+Torino+rinnova+i+pc+e+d%C3%A0+l%27addio+a+Microsoft%3A+%22Risparmiamo+6+milioni%22&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft.aulast=Guccione&rft.aufirst=Gabriele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorino.repubblica.it%2Fcronaca%2F2014%2F08%2F03%2Fnews%2Fil_comune_rinnova_i_pc_e_d_laddio_a_microsoft_risparmiamo_6_milioni-93067980%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2008" class="citation news cs1">Weiss, Todd R. (9 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9116787/Wikipedia_simplifies_IT_infrastructure_by_moving_to_one_Linux_vendor?taxonomyId=154&pageNumber=1&taxonomyName=Servers%20and%20Data%20Center">"Wikipedia simplifies IT infrastructure by moving to one Linux vendor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005181633/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9116787/Wikipedia_simplifies_IT_infrastructure_by_moving_to_one_Linux_vendor?taxonomyId=154&pageNumber=1&taxonomyName=Servers%20and%20Data%20Center">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=Wikipedia+simplifies+IT+infrastructure+by+moving+to+one+Linux+vendor&rft.date=2008-10-09&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Todd+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Fs%2Farticle%2F9116787%2FWikipedia_simplifies_IT_infrastructure_by_moving_to_one_Linux_vendor%3FtaxonomyId%3D154%26pageNumber%3D1%26taxonomyName%3DServers%2520and%2520Data%2520Center&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul2008" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Ryan (9 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/10/wikipedia-adopts-ubuntu-for-its-server-infrastructure.ars">"Wikipedia adopts Ubuntu for its server infrastructure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130021503/http://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2008/10/wikipedia-adopts-ubuntu-for-its-server-infrastructure.ars">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Wikipedia+adopts+Ubuntu+for+its+server+infrastructure&rft.date=2008-10-09&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fopen-source%2Fnews%2F2008%2F10%2Fwikipedia-adopts-ubuntu-for-its-server-infrastructure.ars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMasters2005" class="citation web cs1">Masters, John (June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626133319/http://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/61/Linuxworld_London_UK_2005.pdf">"LinuxWorld Expo UK 2005"</a> (PDF). Linux Magazine. Linux New Media. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://w3.linux-magazine.com/issue/61/Linuxworld_London_UK_2005.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux+Magazine&rft.atitle=LinuxWorld+Expo+UK+2005&rft.date=2005-06&rft.aulast=Masters&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fw3.linux-magazine.com%2Fissue%2F61%2FLinuxworld_London_UK_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdelstein2005" class="citation web cs1">Adelstein, Tom (19 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8253">"Linux in Government: Linux Desktop Reviews, Part 6 – Ubuntu"</a>. Linux Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502075038/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/8253">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linux+Journal&rft.atitle=Linux+in+Government%3A+Linux+Desktop+Reviews%2C+Part+6+%E2%80%93+Ubuntu&rft.date=2005-04-19&rft.aulast=Adelstein&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linuxjournal.com%2Farticle%2F8253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcAllister2008" class="citation journal cs1">McAllister, Neil (January 2008). "Gutsy Gibbon: Desktop Linux OS Made Easy". PC World. 26: 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+World&rft.atitle=Gutsy+Gibbon%3A+Desktop+Linux+OS+Made+Easy&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=84&rft.date=2008-01&rft.aulast=McAllister&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVenenzia2007" class="citation web cs1">Venenzia, Paul (10 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/best-open-source-in-platforms-and-middleware-129">"Best of open source in platforms and middleware"</a>. InfoWorld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608205855/http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/best-open-source-in-platforms-and-middleware-129">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Best+of+open+source+in+platforms+and+middleware&rft.date=2007-09-10&rft.aulast=Venenzia&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoworld.com%2Ft%2Fplatforms%2Fbest-open-source-in-platforms-and-middleware-129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrohmeyer2008" class="citation web cs1">Strohmeyer, Robert (2 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcworld.com/article/146400/desktop_linux_faceoff_ubuntu_804_vs_fedora_9.html">"Desktop Linux Face-Off: Ubuntu 8.04 vs. Fedora 9"</a>. PC World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813223405/http://www.pcworld.com/article/146400/desktop_linux_faceoff_ubuntu_804_vs_fedora_9.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+World&rft.atitle=Desktop+Linux+Face-Off%3A+Ubuntu+8.04+vs.+Fedora+9&rft.date=2008-06-02&rft.aulast=Strohmeyer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F146400%2Fdesktop_linux_faceoff_ubuntu_804_vs_fedora_9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVaughan-Nichols2012" class="citation news cs1">Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (29 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/the-truth-about-goobuntu-googles-in-house-desktop-ubuntu-linux/">"The truth about Goobuntu: Google's in-house desktop Ubuntu Linux"</a>. ZDNet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410030319/http://www.zdnet.com/article/the-truth-about-goobuntu-googles-in-house-desktop-ubuntu-linux/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016. <q>Goobuntu use is encouraged and 'All our development tools are for Ubuntu.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+truth+about+Goobuntu%3A+Google%27s+in-house+desktop+Ubuntu+Linux&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft.aulast=Vaughan-Nichols&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-truth-about-goobuntu-googles-in-house-desktop-ubuntu-linux%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHartleyByfield2016" class="citation web cs1">Hartley, Matt; Byfield, Bruce (15 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datamation.com/open-source/best-linux-distro-linux-experts-rate-distros-1.html">"Best Linux Distro: Linux Experts Rate Distros"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Datamation" title="Datamation">Datamation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420085807/http://www.datamation.com/open-source/best-linux-distro-linux-experts-rate-distros-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016. <q>Obviously, Ubuntu was going to be at the top of the list.[...] Ubuntu has done more to put desktop Linux into the hands of the common man than any other distribution out there.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Datamation&rft.atitle=Best+Linux+Distro%3A+Linux+Experts+Rate+Distros&rft.date=2016-03-15&rft.aulast=Hartley&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Byfield%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datamation.com%2Fopen-source%2Fbest-linux-distro-linux-experts-rate-distros-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHyneman2008" class="citation news cs1">Hyneman, Jamie (18 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100324070017/http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/upgrade/4243994.html?page=3">"MythBusters: 7 Tech Headaches—and How to Fix Them"</a>. Popular Mechanics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/upgrade/4243994.html?page=3">the original</a> on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=MythBusters%3A+7+Tech+Headaches%E2%80%94and+How+to+Fix+Them&rft.date=2008-02-18&rft.aulast=Hyneman&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Ftechnology%2Fupgrade%2F4243994.html%3Fpage%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas-198"><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomasChannelleSicam2009" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, K.; Channelle, A.; Sicam, J. (2009). Beginning Ubuntu Linux. Apress. p. xxxii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-1999-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-1999-6"><bdi>978-1-4302-1999-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beginning+Ubuntu+Linux&rft.pages=xxxii&rft.pub=Apress&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4302-1999-6&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Channelle%2C+A.&rft.au=Sicam%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSneddon2012" class="citation web cs1">Sneddon, Joey (27 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/08/stephen-fry-i-use-ubuntu">"Stephen Fry: 'I Use Ubuntu'"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. Ohso Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120830041606/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/08/stephen-fry-i-use-ubuntu">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.atitle=Stephen+Fry%3A+%27I+Use+Ubuntu%27&rft.date=2012-08-27&rft.aulast=Sneddon&rft.aufirst=Joey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2012%2F08%2Fstephen-fry-i-use-ubuntu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHillenius2014" class="citation web cs1">Hillenius, Gijs (20 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/osor/news/ubuntu-highest-score-uk-gov-security-test">"Ubuntu 'highest score' in UK gov security test"</a>. JoinUp from the European Commission. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219174736/https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/osor/news/ubuntu-highest-score-uk-gov-security-test">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JoinUp+from+the+European+Commission&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+%27highest+score%27+in+UK+gov+security+test&rft.date=2014-01-20&rft.aulast=Hillenius&rft.aufirst=Gijs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjoinup.ec.europa.eu%2Fcommunity%2Fosor%2Fnews%2Fubuntu-highest-score-uk-gov-security-test&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangasek2019" class="citation web cs1">Langasek, Steve (18 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel-announce/2019-June/001261.html">"i386 architecture will be dropped starting with eoan (Ubuntu 19.10)"</a>. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=i386+architecture+will+be+dropped+starting+with+eoan+%28Ubuntu+19.10%29&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft.aulast=Langasek&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flists.ubuntu.com%2Farchives%2Fubuntu-devel-announce%2F2019-June%2F001261.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVaughan-Nichols2019" class="citation web cs1">Vaughan-Nichols, Stephen J. (24 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/canonical-returning-32-bit-ubuntu-linux-support-after-gaming-uproar/">"Canonical returns 32 bit Ubuntu Linux support after uproar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703082015/https://www.zdnet.com/article/canonical-returning-32-bit-ubuntu-linux-support-after-gaming-uproar/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canonical+returns+32+bit+Ubuntu+Linux+support+after+uproar.&rft.pub=ZDNet&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft.aulast=Vaughan-Nichols&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fcanonical-returning-32-bit-ubuntu-linux-support-after-gaming-uproar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFisher2019" class="citation web cs1">Fisher, Christine (24 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2019/06/24/canonical-ubuntu-linux-32-bit-support/?guccounter=1">"Canonical backtracks on pulling 32-bit support from Ubuntu Linux"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045038/https://www.engadget.com/2019-06-24-canonical-ubuntu-linux-32-bit-support.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Canonical+backtracks+on+pulling+32-bit+support+from+Ubuntu+Linux&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2019%2F06%2F24%2Fcanonical-ubuntu-linux-32-bit-support%2F%3Fguccounter%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts">"Statement on 32-bit i386 packages for Ubuntu 19.10 and 20.04 LTS"</a>. Ubuntu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808111807/https://ubuntu.com/blog/statement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=Statement+on+32-bit+i386+packages+for+Ubuntu+19.10+and+20.04+LTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fblog%2Fstatement-on-32-bit-i386-packages-for-ubuntu-19-10-and-20-04-lts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-softpedia_2016-02-10-205"><a href="#cite_ref-softpedia_2016-02-10_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-s-Shopping-Lens-Might-Be-Illegal-In-Europe-298143.shtml">"Ubuntu's Shopping Lens Might Be Illegal in Europe"</a>. Softpedia.com. 9 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514132800/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-s-Shopping-Lens-Might-Be-Illegal-In-Europe-298143.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Softpedia.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu%27s+Shopping+Lens+Might+Be+Illegal+in+Europe&rft.date=2012-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2FUbuntu-s-Shopping-Lens-Might-Be-Illegal-In-Europe-298143.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-omgubuntu_2016-02-10-206"><a href="#cite_ref-omgubuntu_2016-02-10_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law">"Blogger Claims Ubuntu's New Shopping Lens Breaks EU Law"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. Ohso Ltd. 10 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051130/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/10/does-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.atitle=Blogger+Claims+Ubuntu%27s+New+Shopping+Lens+Breaks+EU+Law&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2012%2F10%2Fdoes-ubuntus-amazon-lens-break-eu-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ateot_2_2016-02-10-207"><a href="#cite_ref-ateot_2_2016-02-10_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSneddon2014" class="citation web cs1">Sneddon, Joey (10 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/unity-shopping-lens-is-legal-says-ioc-uk">"Unity Shopping Lens Is Legal, Says UK Data Protection Body"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112041000/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/unity-shopping-lens-is-legal-says-ioc-uk">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.atitle=Unity+Shopping+Lens+Is+Legal%2C+Says+UK+Data+Protection+Body&rft.date=2014-08-10&rft.aulast=Sneddon&rft.aufirst=Joey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2014%2F08%2Funity-shopping-lens-is-legal-says-ioc-uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPopa2020" class="citation web cs1">Popa, Bogdan (26 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/canonical-under-fire-for-putting-ads-in-the-ubuntu-motd-530372.shtml">"Canonical Under Fire for Putting Ads in the Ubuntu MOTD"</a>. softpedia. Retrieved 1 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=softpedia&rft.atitle=Canonical+Under+Fire+for+Putting+Ads+in+the+Ubuntu+MOTD&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft.aulast=Popa&rft.aufirst=Bogdan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2Fcanonical-under-fire-for-putting-ads-in-the-ubuntu-motd-530372.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorisov2022" class="citation web cs1">Borisov, Bobby (15 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linuxiac.com/ubuntu-once-again-angered-users-by-placing-ads/">"Ubuntu Once Again Angered Users by Placing Ads in the Terminal"</a>. Linuxiac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101110958/https://linuxiac.com/ubuntu-once-again-angered-users-by-placing-ads/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linuxiac&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Once+Again+Angered+Users+by+Placing+Ads+in+the+Terminal&rft.date=2022-10-15&rft.aulast=Borisov&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinuxiac.com%2Fubuntu-once-again-angered-users-by-placing-ads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeams">"Ubuntu Local Community Teams"</a>. Ubuntu Wiki. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110225062242/https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LoCoTeams">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Wiki&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Local+Community+Teams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.ubuntu.com%2FLoCoTeams&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loco.ubuntu.com/teams/">"Ubuntu LoCo Team Portal"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106205449/http://loco.ubuntu.com/teams/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+LoCo+Team+Portal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Floco.ubuntu.com%2Fteams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loco.ubuntu.com/about-loco/">"About Local Community (LoCo) Teams"</a>. LoCo.Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031050427/http://loco.ubuntu.com/about-loco/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LoCo.Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=About+Local+Community+%28LoCo%29+Teams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Floco.ubuntu.com%2Fabout-loco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ubuntu_Certified_Hardware-213"><a href="#cite_ref-Ubuntu_Certified_Hardware_213-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd?~srd=true&sk=Ubuntu&scat=prod">"XPS 13 Developer Edition"</a>. Dell.com. Dell Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903133232/http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd?~srd=true&sk=Ubuntu&scat=prod">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dell.com&rft.atitle=XPS+13+Developer+Edition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dell.com%2Fus%2Fbusiness%2Fp%2Fxps-13-linux%2Fpd%3F~srd%3Dtrue%26sk%3DUbuntu%26scat%3Dprod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/partners/dell">"Dell and Ubuntu"</a>. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120814141402/http://www.ubuntu.com/partners/dell">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dell+and+Ubuntu&rft.pub=Canonical+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fpartners%2Fdell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHilzinger2008" class="citation web cs1">Hilzinger, Marcel (9 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Nachrichten/Guenstiges-Netbook-aus-China">"Günstiges Netbook aus China"</a>. LinuxCommunity. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910011554/http://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Nachrichten/Guenstiges-Netbook-aus-China">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LinuxCommunity&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnstiges+Netbook+aus+China&rft.date=2008-12-09&rft.aulast=Hilzinger&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linux-community.de%2FInternal%2FNachrichten%2FGuenstiges-Netbook-aus-China&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/certified/202301-31082/22.04%20LTS">"OnLogic Helix 401 Fanless Hybrid-Core Computer (Ubuntu Desktop) certified on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS"</a>. Ubuntu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu&rft.atitle=OnLogic+Helix+401+Fanless+Hybrid-Core+Computer+%28Ubuntu+Desktop%29+certified+on+Ubuntu+22.04+LTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fcertified%2F202301-31082%2F22.04%2520LTS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geek.com/chips/tiny-pcs-can-be-beautiful-the-cirrus7-nimbini-is-one-of-those-pcs-1620484/">"Tiny PCs can be beautiful, the Cirrus7 Nimbini is one of those PCs"</a>. Geek.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160320150738/http://www.geek.com/chips/tiny-pcs-can-be-beautiful-the-cirrus7-nimbini-is-one-of-those-pcs-1620484/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geek.com&rft.atitle=Tiny+PCs+can+be+beautiful%2C+the+Cirrus7+Nimbini+is+one+of+those+PCs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geek.com%2Fchips%2Ftiny-pcs-can-be-beautiful-the-cirrus7-nimbini-is-one-of-those-pcs-1620484%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/04/cirrus7-nimbini-ubuntu-pc-announced">"Cirrus7 Nimbini – The Most Stylish Ubuntu PC Ever Made?"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. Ohso Ltd. 15 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311040145/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/04/cirrus7-nimbini-ubuntu-pc-announced">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.atitle=Cirrus7+Nimbini+%E2%80%93+The+Most+Stylish+Ubuntu+PC+Ever+Made%3F&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2015%2F04%2Fcirrus7-nimbini-ubuntu-pc-announced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-XPS_13-219"><a href="#cite_ref-XPS_13_219-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd?">"XPS 13 Laptop, Developer Edition"</a>. Dell.com. Dell Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161015072247/http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/xps-13-linux/pd">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dell.com&rft.atitle=XPS+13+Laptop%2C+Developer+Edition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dell.com%2Fus%2Fbusiness%2Fp%2Fxps-13-linux%2Fpd%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanonical" class="citation web cs1">Canonical. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://certification.ubuntu.com/desktop/">"Ubuntu Desktop certified hardware | Ubuntu"</a>. certification.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180526035334/https://certification.ubuntu.com/desktop/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=certification.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+Desktop+certified+hardware+%7C+Ubuntu&rft.au=Canonical&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcertification.ubuntu.com%2Fdesktop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://system76.com/cart/configure/bonw13">"Bonobo WS"</a>. system76.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180901111753/https://system76.com/cart/configure/bonw13">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 31 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=system76.com&rft.atitle=Bonobo+WS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsystem76.com%2Fcart%2Fconfigure%2Fbonw13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080301153610/https://www.ubuntu.com/news/system76-certified-servers">"System76 announces servers with Ubuntu 7.10 and Canonical support services"</a>. Ubuntu.com. Canonical Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubuntu.com/news/system76-certified-servers">the original</a> on 1 March 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=System76+announces+servers+with+Ubuntu+7.10+and+Canonical+support+services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubuntu.com%2Fnews%2Fsystem76-certified-servers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080802002510/http://yourblog.dell.com/2008/07/18/dell-upgrades-consumer-linux-pcs-to-ubuntu-804/">"Dell Upgrades Consumer Linux PCs to Ubuntu 8.04"</a>. YourBlog.Dell.com. Dell Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yourblog.dell.com/2008/07/18/dell-upgrades-consumer-linux-pcs-to-ubuntu-804/">the original</a> on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YourBlog.Dell.com&rft.atitle=Dell+Upgrades+Consumer+Linux+PCs+to+Ubuntu+8.04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyourblog.dell.com%2F2008%2F07%2F18%2Fdell-upgrades-consumer-linux-pcs-to-ubuntu-804%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609231450/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2075819/asus-preload-ubuntu-linux-eee-pcs">"Asus will preload Ubuntu Linux on three Eee PCs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Inquirer" title="The Inquirer">The Inquirer</a>. 2 June 2011. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Asus+will+preload+Ubuntu+Linux+on+three+Eee+PCs&rft.date=2011-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinquirer.net%2Finquirer%2Fnews%2F2075819%2Fasus-preload-ubuntu-linux-eee-pcs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoods2011" class="citation news cs1">Woods, Ben (3 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/asus-preloads-eee-pc-models-with-ubuntu/">"Asus preloads Eee PC models with Ubuntu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a> UK. CBS Interactive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220127133835/https://www.zdnet.com/article/asus-preloads-eee-pc-models-with-ubuntu/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ZDNet+UK&rft.atitle=Asus+preloads+Eee+PC+models+with+Ubuntu&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fasus-preloads-eee-pc-models-with-ubuntu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParrish2011" class="citation web cs1">Parrish, Kevin (3 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Ubuntu-Eee-PC-Seashell-Netbooks-Canonical,12878.html">"Asus Launching Eee PC Netbooks with Ubuntu"</a>. TomsHardware.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111045036/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/Ubuntu-Eee-PC-Seashell-Netbooks-Canonical,12878.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TomsHardware.com&rft.atitle=Asus+Launching+Eee+PC+Netbooks+with+Ubuntu&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomshardware.com%2Fnews%2FUbuntu-Eee-PC-Seashell-Netbooks-Canonical%2C12878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2011" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Terrence (19 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/vodafone-brings-arm-and-ubuntu-together-for-south-african-webboo/">"Vodafone brings ARM and Ubuntu together for South African Webbook"</a>. Engadget. <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020054912/http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/19/vodafone-brings-arm-and-ubuntu-together-for-south-african-webboo/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Vodafone+brings+ARM+and+Ubuntu+together+for+South+African+Webbook&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2011%2F10%2F19%2Fvodafone-brings-arm-and-ubuntu-together-for-south-african-webboo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSneddon2011" class="citation web cs1">Sneddon, Joey-Elijah (18 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/the-ubuntu-powered-vodafone-webbook-launches-tomorrow/">"The Ubuntu Powered 'Vodafone Webbook' Launched"</a>. OMG! Ubuntu!. Ohso Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111020120524/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/the-ubuntu-powered-vodafone-webbook-launches-tomorrow/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OMG%21+Ubuntu%21&rft.atitle=The+Ubuntu+Powered+%27Vodafone+Webbook%27+Launched&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.aulast=Sneddon&rft.aufirst=Joey-Elijah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omgubuntu.co.uk%2F2011%2F10%2Fthe-ubuntu-powered-vodafone-webbook-launches-tomorrow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNestor2011" class="citation web cs1">Nestor, Marius (21 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-11-10-Powered-Webbook-Sells-at-190-229168.shtml">"Ubuntu 11.10 Powered Webbook Sells at $190"</a>. News.Softpedia.com. SoftNews Net SRL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111024071037/http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ubuntu-11-10-Powered-Webbook-Sells-at-190-229168.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.Softpedia.com&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+11.10+Powered+Webbook+Sells+at+%24190&rft.date=2011-10-21&rft.aulast=Nestor&rft.aufirst=Marius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2FUbuntu-11-10-Powered-Webbook-Sells-at-190-229168.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/blog/canonical-and-dell-announce-today-that-dell-laptops-pre-loaded-with-ubuntu-will-be-sold-in-850-retail-outlets-in-india-2">"Dell launch with Ubuntu at retail in India"</a> (Press release). Canonical Ltd. 18 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927130222/https://ubuntu.com/blog/canonical-and-dell-announce-today-that-dell-laptops-pre-loaded-with-ubuntu-will-be-sold-in-850-retail-outlets-in-india-2">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dell+launch+with+Ubuntu+at+retail+in+India&rft.pub=Canonical+Ltd&rft.date=2012-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fubuntu.com%2Fblog%2Fcanonical-and-dell-announce-today-that-dell-laptops-pre-loaded-with-ubuntu-will-be-sold-in-850-retail-outlets-in-india-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2012" class="citation web cs1">Murphy, Mark (18 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.canonical.com/2012/06/18/dell-extends-ubuntu-retail-into-india/">"Dell Extends Ubuntu Retail into India"</a>. Blog.Canonical.com. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619001513/http://blog.canonical.com/2012/06/18/dell-extends-ubuntu-retail-into-india/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blog.Canonical.com&rft.atitle=Dell+Extends+Ubuntu+Retail+into+India&rft.date=2012-06-18&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.canonical.com%2F2012%2F06%2F18%2Fdell-extends-ubuntu-retail-into-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2013/04/05/alienware-x51-ubuntu/">"Alienware X51 gaming PC now available with Ubuntu, starts at $600"</a>. Engadget. AOL. 5 April 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131008221801/http://www.engadget.com/2013/04/05/alienware-x51-ubuntu/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 17 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Alienware+X51+gaming+PC+now+available+with+Ubuntu%2C+starts+at+%24600&rft.date=2013-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2013%2F04%2F05%2Falienware-x51-ubuntu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190835/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/45808.wss">"IBM Launches z13 -- Most Powerful & Secure System Ever Built"</a>. www-03.ibm.com (Press release). 13 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/45808.wss">the original</a> on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Launches+z13+--+Most+Powerful+%26+Secure+System+Ever+Built&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-03.ibm.com%2Fpress%2Fus%2Fen%2Fpressrelease%2F45808.wss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901132125/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/52805.wss">"IBM Mainframe Ushers in New Era of Data Protection"</a>. www-03.ibm.com (Press release). 17 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/52805.wss">the original</a> on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Mainframe+Ushers+in+New+Era+of+Data+Protection&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-03.ibm.com%2Fpress%2Fus%2Fen%2Fpressrelease%2F52805.wss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMerriman2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Merriman, Chris (17 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150818050302/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2422249/ibm-makes-biggest-code-drop-as-canonical-and-suse-tie-up-brings-linux-to-mainframes">"IBM makes 'biggest code drop' as Canonical and Suse tie-up brings better Linux to mainframes: UbuntuOne brings industry standard tools to a mainframe environment"</a>. Archived from the original on 18 August 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+makes+%27biggest+code+drop%27+as+Canonical+and+Suse+tie-up+brings+better+Linux+to+mainframes%3A+UbuntuOne+brings+industry+standard+tools+to+a+mainframe+environment&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Merriman&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinquirer.net%2Finquirer%2Fnews%2F2422249%2Fibm-makes-biggest-code-drop-as-canonical-and-suse-tie-up-brings-linux-to-mainframes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108223155/https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/compute-stick-product-brief.pdf">"Intel Compute Stick Product Brief"</a> (PDF). Intel.com. <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-ssl.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-briefs/compute-stick-product-brief.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Intel.com&rft.atitle=Intel+Compute+Stick+Product+Brief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-ssl.intel.com%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fwww%2Fpublic%2Fus%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fproduct-briefs%2Fcompute-stick-product-brief.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sysguides.com/install-a-windows-11-virtual-machine-on-kvm/">"How to Properly Install a Windows 11 Virtual Machine on KVM"</a>. 26 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Properly+Install+a+Windows+11+Virtual+Machine+on+KVM&rft.date=2023-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsysguides.com%2Finstall-a-windows-11-virtual-machine-on-kvm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-M&C-238"><a href="#cite_ref-M&C_238-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVaughan-Nichols2016" class="citation news cs1">Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (29 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-and-canonical-partner-to-bring-ubuntu-to-windows-10/">"Microsoft and Canonical partner to bring Ubuntu to Windows 10"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160608062402/http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-and-canonical-partner-to-bring-ubuntu-to-windows-10/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Microsoft+and+Canonical+partner+to+bring+Ubuntu+to+Windows+10&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.aulast=Vaughan-Nichols&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fmicrosoft-and-canonical-partner-to-bring-ubuntu-to-windows-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSDN-bash-239"><a href="#cite_ref-MSDN-bash_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHammons2017" class="citation web cs1">Hammons, Jack (3 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/about">"Bash on Ubuntu on Windows"</a>. MSDN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171130090401/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/commandline/wsl/about">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 13 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSDN&rft.atitle=Bash+on+Ubuntu+on+Windows&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=Hammons&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fcommandline%2Fwsl%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UonW-240"><a href="#cite_ref-UonW_240-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirkland2016" class="citation web cs1">Kirkland, Dustin (30 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/03/30/ubuntu-on-windows-the-ubuntu-userspace-for-windows-developers/">"Ubuntu on Windows – The Ubuntu Userspace for Windows Developers"</a>. Ubuntu Insights. Canonical Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611182351/http://insights.ubuntu.com/2016/03/30/ubuntu-on-windows-the-ubuntu-userspace-for-windows-developers">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ubuntu+Insights&rft.atitle=Ubuntu+on+Windows+%E2%80%93+The+Ubuntu+Userspace+for+Windows+Developers&rft.date=2016-03-30&rft.aulast=Kirkland&rft.aufirst=Dustin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsights.ubuntu.com%2F2016%2F03%2F30%2Fubuntu-on-windows-the-ubuntu-userspace-for-windows-developers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVaughan-Nichols2017" class="citation news cs1">Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (15 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-subsystem-for-linux-graduates-in-windows-10-fall-creators-update/">"Windows Subsystem for Linux graduates in Windows 10 Fall Creators Update"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180218061357/http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-subsystem-for-linux-graduates-in-windows-10-fall-creators-update/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Windows+Subsystem+for+Linux+graduates+in+Windows+10+Fall+Creators+Update&rft.date=2017-10-15&rft.aulast=Vaughan-Nichols&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fwindows-subsystem-for-linux-graduates-in-windows-10-fall-creators-update%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDevine2023" class="citation web cs1">Devine, Richard (28 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.windowscentral.com/software-apps/the-best-linux-distros-for-wsl-on-windows-10-and-11">"The best Linux distros for WSL on Windows 10 and 11"</a>. Windows Central. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+Central&rft.atitle=The+best+Linux+distros+for+WSL+on+Windows+10+and+11&rft.date=2023-01-28&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.windowscentral.com%2Fsoftware-apps%2Fthe-best-linux-distros-for-wsl-on-windows-10-and-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSL2-243"><a href="#cite_ref-WSL2_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.ubuntu.com/2019/05/06/canonical-announces-support-for-ubuntu-on-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2">"Canonical announces support for Ubuntu on Windows Subsystem for Linux 2"</a>. blog.ubuntu.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529084731/https://blog.ubuntu.com/2019/05/06/canonical-announces-support-for-ubuntu-on-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.ubuntu.com&rft.atitle=Canonical+announces+support+for+Ubuntu+on+Windows+Subsystem+for+Linux+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.ubuntu.com%2F2019%2F05%2F06%2Fcanonical-announces-support-for-ubuntu-on-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2018" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Chris (1 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howtogeek.com/261575/how-to-run-graphical-linux-desktop-applications-from-windows-10s-bash-shell/">"How to Run Graphical Linux Desktop Applications from Windows 10's Bash Shell"</a>. How-To Geek. Lifesavvy Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418050546/https://www.howtogeek.com/261575/how-to-run-graphical-linux-desktop-applications-from-windows-10s-bash-shell/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How-To+Geek&rft.atitle=How+to+Run+Graphical+Linux+Desktop+Applications+from+Windows+10%27s+Bash+Shell&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F261575%2Fhow-to-run-graphical-linux-desktop-applications-from-windows-10s-bash-shell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarren2021" class="citation web cs1">Warren, Tom (21 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/21/22396018/microsoft-windows-10-linux-gui-apps-task-manager-app-throttling-features">"Microsoft enables Linux GUI apps on Windows 10 for developers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_Media" title="Vox Media">Vox Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520135132/https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/21/22396018/microsoft-windows-10-linux-gui-apps-task-manager-app-throttling-features">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Microsoft+enables+Linux+GUI+apps+on+Windows+10+for+developers&rft.date=2021-04-21&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F4%2F21%2F22396018%2Fmicrosoft-windows-10-linux-gui-apps-task-manager-app-throttling-features&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoewen2021" class="citation web cs1">Loewen, Craig (21 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the-initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now-available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2/">"The Initial Preview of GUI app support is now available for the Windows Subsystem for Linux"</a>. Windows Command Line Blog. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421170903/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the-initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now-available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+Command+Line+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Initial+Preview+of+GUI+app+support+is+now+available+for+the+Windows+Subsystem+for+Linux&rft.date=2021-04-21&rft.aulast=Loewen&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevblogs.microsoft.com%2Fcommandline%2Fthe-initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now-available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJawad2021" class="citation web cs1">Jawad, Usama (12 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-threat-and-vulnerability-management-now-supports-linux/">"Microsoft Threat and Vulnerability Management now supports Linux"</a>. Neowin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512060934/https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-threat-and-vulnerability-management-now-supports-linux/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Neowin&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Threat+and+Vulnerability+Management+now+supports+Linux&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft.aulast=Jawad&rft.aufirst=Usama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neowin.net%2Fnews%2Fmicrosoft-threat-and-vulnerability-management-now-supports-linux%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUbuntu" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Ubuntu at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" class="extiw" title="c:Ubuntu">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Using_Ubuntu_Linux" class="extiw" title="b:Using Ubuntu Linux">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Ubuntu" class="extiw" title="v:Ubuntu">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381" class="extiw" title="d:Q381">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> at <a href="/wiki/DistroWatch" title="DistroWatch">DistroWatch</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ubuntu826" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ubuntu" title="Template:Ubuntu"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ubuntu" title="Template talk:Ubuntu"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ubuntu" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ubuntu"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ubuntu826" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ubuntu</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Ubuntu" title="Outline of Ubuntu">Outline of Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonical_(company)" title="Canonical (company)">Canonical Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history" title="Ubuntu version history">Releases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_philosophy" title="Ubuntu philosophy">Ubuntu philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Ubuntu-logo-no-wordmark-2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ubuntu-logo-no-wordmark-2022.svg/80px-Ubuntu-logo-no-wordmark-2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ubuntu-logo-no-wordmark-2022.svg/120px-Ubuntu-logo-no-wordmark-2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ubuntu-logo-no-wordmark-2022.svg/160px-Ubuntu-logo-no-wordmark-2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="789" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jono_Bacon" title="Jono Bacon">Jono Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mako_Hill" title="Benjamin Mako Hill">Benjamin Mako Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Jackson_(computer_programmer)" title="Ian Jackson (computer programmer)">Ian Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_James_Remnant" title="Scott James Remnant">Scott James Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Waugh" title="Jeff Waugh">Jeff Waugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Silber" title="Jane Silber">Jane Silber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions#Ubuntu-based" title="List of Linux distributions">Derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions#Current_official_derivatives" title="List of Linux distributions">Official editions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Ubuntu_Server">Ubuntu Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Kylin" title="Ubuntu Kylin">Ubuntu Kylin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions#Unofficial_derivatives" title="List of Linux distributions">Community supported</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edubuntu" title="Edubuntu">Edubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubuntu" title="Kubuntu">Kubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubuntu" title="Lubuntu">Lubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Budgie" title="Ubuntu Budgie">Ubuntu Budgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Cinnamon" title="Ubuntu Cinnamon">Ubuntu Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_MATE" title="Ubuntu MATE">Ubuntu MATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Studio" title="Ubuntu Studio">Ubuntu Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Unity" title="Ubuntu Unity">Ubuntu Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xubuntu" title="Xubuntu">Xubuntu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions#Third-party_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">Third party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_OS" title="Elementary OS">elementary OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmabunt%C3%BCs" title="Emmabuntüs">Emmabuntüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_neon" title="KDE neon">KDE neon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Lite" title="Linux Lite">Linux Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Mint" title="Linux Mint">Linux Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop!_OS" title="Pop! OS">Pop!_OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisquel" title="Trisquel">Trisquel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubuntu" title="Wubuntu">Wubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorin_OS" title="Zorin OS">Zorin OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EasyPeasy" title="EasyPeasy">EasyPeasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_GNOME" title="Ubuntu GNOME">Ubuntu GNOME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobuntu" title="Gobuntu">Gobuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythbuntu" title="Mythbuntu">Mythbuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Netbook_Edition" title="Ubuntu Netbook Edition">Ubuntu Netbook Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_JeOS" title="Ubuntu JeOS">Ubuntu JeOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Bazaar" title="GNU Bazaar">Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juju_(software)" title="Juju (software)">Juju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_(software)" title="Landscape (software)">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(software)" title="Mir (software)">Mir display server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Startup_Disk_Creator" title="Startup Disk Creator">Startup Disk Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_Updater" title="Software Updater">Software Updater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiquity_(software)" title="Ubiquity (software)">Ubiquity</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenCD" title="OpenCD">OpenCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StartUp-Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="StartUp-Manager">StartUp-Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_for_Android" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu for Android">Ubuntu for Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_One" title="Ubuntu One">Ubuntu One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Software_Center" title="Ubuntu Software Center">Ubuntu Software Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(user_interface)" title="Unity (user interface)">Unity interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upstart_(software)" title="Upstart (software)">Upstart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usplash" title="Usplash">Usplash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubi_(software)" title="Wubi (software)">Wubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSplash" class="mw-redirect" title="XSplash">XSplash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brasero_(software)" title="Brasero (software)">Brasero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME_Files" title="GNOME Files">GNOME Files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology and user interface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LightDM" title="LightDM">LightDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_Stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Side Stage">Side Stage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snappy_(package_manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snappy (package manager)">Snappy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncomplicated_Firewall" title="Uncomplicated Firewall">Uncomplicated Firewall</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Third_party11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppArmor" title="AppArmor">AppArmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APT_(Package_Manager)" class="mw-redirect" title="APT (Package Manager)">APT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deb_(file_format)" title="Deb (file format)">deb format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dpkg" title="Dpkg">dpkg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/System76" title="System76">System76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_Computers" title="Tuxedo Computers">Tuxedo Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Edge" title="Ubuntu Edge">Ubuntu Edge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ask_Ubuntu" title="Ask Ubuntu">Ask Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launchpad_(website)" title="Launchpad (website)">Launchpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medibuntu" title="Medibuntu">Medibuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_cut_bug" title="Paper cut bug">Paper cut bug</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Package_Archives">Personal Package Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu-restricted-extras" title="Ubuntu-restricted-extras">Restricted extras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Professional_Certification" title="Ubuntu Professional Certification">Ubuntu Professional Certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Forums" title="Ubuntu Forums">Ubuntu Forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_One" title="Ubuntu One">Ubuntu One Account</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Single_Sign_On" title="Ubuntu Single Sign On">Ubuntu SSO</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Third_party11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GetDeb" title="GetDeb">GetDeb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fonts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(typeface)" title="Ubuntu (typeface)">Ubuntu (typeface)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Titling" title="Ubuntu Titling">Ubuntu Titling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_Circle_(magazine)" title="Full Circle (magazine)">Full Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_User" title="Ubuntu User">Ubuntu User</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptitude_(software)" title="Aptitude (software)">aptitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almquist_shell" title="Almquist shell">dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debian_configuration_system" title="Debian configuration system">Debian configuration system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/12px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/19px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/25px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/15px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/23px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/30px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ubuntu" title="Category:Ubuntu">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu" class="extiw" title="commons:Ubuntu">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikiversity page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/16px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/24px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Ubuntu" class="extiw" title="v:Ubuntu">Wikiversity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux_distributions729" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linux_distributions" title="Template:Linux distributions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linux_distributions" title="Template talk:Linux distributions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linux_distributions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linux distributions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Linux_distributions729" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LineageOS" title="LineageOS">LineageOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//e/_(operating_system)" title="/e/ (operating system)">/e/</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CalyxOS" title="CalyxOS">CalyxOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrDroid" title="CrDroid">CrDroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iod%C3%A9OS" title="IodéOS">iodéOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicant_(operating_system)" title="Replicant (operating system)">Replicant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android-x86" title="Android-x86">Android-x86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android-x86#Project_Celadon" title="Android-x86">Celadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColorOS" title="ColorOS">ColorOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMUI" title="EMUI">EMUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Fire OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GrapheneOS" title="GrapheneOS">GrapheneOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiOS" title="HiOS">HiOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_UI" title="One UI">One UI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoid_Android_(operating_system)" title="Paranoid Android (operating system)">Paranoid Android</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_Remix_OS" title="Resurrection Remix OS">Resurrection Remix OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniROM" title="OmniROM">OmniROM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XOS_(operating_system)" title="XOS (operating system)">XOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaomi_HyperOS" title="Xiaomi HyperOS">Xiaomi HyperOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArchBang" title="ArchBang">ArchBang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artix_Linux" title="Artix Linux">Artix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackArch" title="BlackArch">BlackArch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EndeavourOS" title="EndeavourOS">EndeavourOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugalware_Linux" title="Frugalware Linux">Frugalware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Linux" title="Garuda Linux">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Hyperbola GNU/Linux-libre">Hyperbola GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinHES" title="LinHES">LinHES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjaro" title="Manjaro">Manjaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabola_GNU/Linux-libre" title="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre">Parabola GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a> (3.0 onwards)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemRescue" title="SystemRescue">SystemRescue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ubuntu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Official: <a href="/wiki/Edubuntu" title="Edubuntu">Edubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubuntu" title="Kubuntu">Kubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubuntu" title="Lubuntu">Lubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Budgie" title="Ubuntu Budgie">Ubuntu Budgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Cinnamon" title="Ubuntu Cinnamon">Ubuntu Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Kylin" title="Ubuntu Kylin">Ubuntu Kylin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_MATE" title="Ubuntu MATE">Ubuntu MATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Studio" title="Ubuntu Studio">Ubuntu Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Unity" title="Ubuntu Unity">Ubuntu Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xubuntu" title="Xubuntu">Xubuntu</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Derivatives: <a href="/wiki/BackBox" title="BackBox">BackBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Linux" title="Bodhi Linux">Bodhi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elementary_OS" title="Elementary OS">elementary OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmabunt%C3%BCs" title="Emmabuntüs">Emmabuntüs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_neon" title="KDE neon">KDE neon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freespire" title="Freespire">Freespire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Lite" title="Linux Lite">Linux Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Mint" title="Linux Mint">Linux Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXLE_Linux" title="LXLE Linux">LXLE Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(operating_system)" title="Nova (operating system)">Nova OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppermint_OS" title="Peppermint OS">Peppermint OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop!_OS" title="Pop! OS">Pop! OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisquel" title="Trisquel">Trisquel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Touch" title="Ubuntu Touch">Ubuntu Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_GNU/Linux" title="Uruk GNU/Linux">Uruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubuntu" title="Wubuntu">Wubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorin_OS" title="Zorin OS">Zorin OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AntiX" title="AntiX">antiX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Linux" title="Astra Linux">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Operating_System_Solutions" title="Bharat Operating System Solutions">Bharat Operating System Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlankOn_Linux" title="BlankOn Linux">BlankOn Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_OS" title="Commodore OS">Commodore OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damn_Small_Linux" title="Damn Small Linux">Damn Small Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepin" title="Deepin">deepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devuan" title="Devuan">Devuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elive" title="Elive">Elive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endless_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Endless OS">Endless OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomBox" title="FreedomBox">FreedomBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisen_Linux" title="Kaisen Linux">Kaisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Linux" title="Kali Linux">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanotix" title="Kanotix">Kanotix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoppix" title="Knoppix">Knoppix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Linux" title="MX Linux">MX Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrot_OS" title="Parrot OS">Parrot OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureOS" title="PureOS">PureOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi_OS" title="Raspberry Pi OS">Raspberry Pi OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q4OS" title="Q4OS">Q4OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slax" title="Slax">Slax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SparkyLinux" title="SparkyLinux">SparkyLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolydXK" title="SolydXK">SolydXK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tails_(operating_system)" title="Tails (operating system)">Tails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizen" title="Tizen">Tizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Operating_System" title="Unity Operating System">UOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whonix" title="Whonix">Whonix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CentOS_Stream" title="CentOS Stream">CentOS Stream</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlmaLinux" title="AlmaLinux">AlmaLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EulerOS" title="EulerOS">EulerOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Linux" title="Miracle Linux">MIRACLE LINUX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Linux" title="Oracle Linux">Oracle Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Linux" title="Rocky Linux">Rocky Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Security_Toolkit" title="Network Security Toolkit">Network Security Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobara_Linux" title="Nobara Linux">Nobara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubes_OS" title="Qubes OS">Qubes OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Star_OS" title="Red Star OS">Red Star OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailfish_OS" title="Sailfish OS">Sailfish OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculate_Linux" title="Calculate Linux">Calculate Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChromiumOS" title="ChromiumOS">ChromiumOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChromeOS" title="ChromeOS">ChromeOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentoo" title="Pentoo">Pentoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandrake_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandrake Linux">Mandrake</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALT_Linux" title="ALT Linux">ALT Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCLinuxOS" title="PCLinuxOS">PCLinuxOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandriva_Linux" title="Mandriva Linux">Mandriva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageia" title="Mageia">Mageia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenMandriva_Lx" title="OpenMandriva Lx">OpenMandriva Lx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROSA_Linux" title="ROSA Linux">ROSA Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrumi_Linux" title="Austrumi Linux">Austrumi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porteus_(operating_system)" title="Porteus (operating system)">Porteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salix_OS" title="Salix OS">Salix OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slax" title="Slax">Slax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenwalk" title="Zenwalk">Zenwalk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenSUSE" title="OpenSUSE">openSUSE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise">SUSE Linux Enterprise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_Enterprise_Server" title="Open Enterprise Server">Open Enterprise Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeckoLinux" title="GeckoLinux">GeckoLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4MLinux" title="4MLinux">4MLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Linux" title="Alpine Linux">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHAOS_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHAOS (operating system)">CHAOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_Linux" title="Chimera Linux">Chimera Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Linux_OS" title="Clear Linux OS">Clear Linux OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRUX" title="CRUX">CRUX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwort_Linux" title="Kwort Linux">Kwort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoboLinux" title="GoboLinux">GoboLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Guix_System" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU Guix System">Guix SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KaiOS" title="KaiOS">KaiOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KaOS" title="KaOS">KaOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NixOS" title="NixOS">NixOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_Linux" title="Puppy Linux">Puppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Mage" title="Source Mage">Source Mage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solus_(operating_system)" title="Solus (operating system)">Solus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T2_SDE" title="T2 SDE">T2 SDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Core_Linux" title="Tiny Core Linux">Tiny Core Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_Linux" title="Void Linux">Void</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CyanogenMod" title="CyanogenMod">CyanogenMod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivestOS" title="DivestOS">DivestOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIUI" title="MIUI">MIUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PixelExperience" title="PixelExperience">PixelExperience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_OS" title="Remix OS">Remix OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArchLabs" title="ArchLabs">ArchLabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antergos" title="Antergos">Antergos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(operating_system)" title="Chakra (operating system)">Chakra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ubuntu: <a href="/wiki/Asturix" title="Asturix">Asturix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lab_Linux" title="Black Lab Linux">Black Lab Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cub_Linux" title="Cub Linux">Cub Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobuntu" title="Gobuntu">Gobuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOS_(operating_system)" title="GOS (operating system)">gOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Caixa_M%C3%A1gica" title="Linux Caixa Mágica">Linux Caixa Mágica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinuxTLE" title="LinuxTLE">LinuxTLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinguy_OS" title="Pinguy OS">Pinguy OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabily" title="Sabily">Sabily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_GNOME" title="Ubuntu GNOME">Ubuntu GNOME</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other derivatives: <a href="/wiki/BackTrack" title="BackTrack">BackTrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corel_Linux" title="Corel Linux">Corel Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrunchBang_Linux" title="CrunchBang Linux">CrunchBang Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoudouLinux" title="DoudouLinux">DoudouLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamlinux" title="Dreamlinux">Dreamlinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Feather Linux">Feather Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNewSense" title="GNewSense">gNewSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HandyLinux" title="HandyLinux">HandyLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libranet" title="Libranet">Libranet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musix_GNU%2BLinux" title="Musix GNU+Linux">Musix GNU+Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsix" title="Parsix">Parsix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SteamOS" title="SteamOS">SteamOS</a> (1.0–2.0)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwah_Linux" title="Sunwah Linux">Sunwah Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Container_Linux" title="Container Linux">Container Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabayon_Linux" title="Sabayon Linux">Sabayon Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XB_Machine" title="XB Machine">xB Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BLAG_Linux_and_GNU" title="BLAG Linux and GNU">BLAG Linux and GNU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CentOS" title="CentOS">CentOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClearOS" title="ClearOS">ClearOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linpus_Linux" title="Linpus Linux">Linpus Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korora_(operating_system)" title="Korora (operating system)">Korora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_for_PlayStation_2" title="Linux for PlayStation 2">Linux for PlayStation 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Linux" title="Scientific Linux">Scientific Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocks_Cluster_Distribution" title="Rocks Cluster Distribution">Rocks Cluster Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Blue_Linux" title="Think Blue Linux">Think Blue Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbolinux" title="Turbolinux">Turbolinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_Linux" title="Vine Linux">Vine Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Dog_Linux" title="Yellow Dog Linux">Yellow Dog Linux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slackware" title="Slackware">Slackware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Linux" title="Absolute Linux">Absolute Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioSLAX" title="BioSLAX">BioSLAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damn_Vulnerable_Linux" title="Damn Vulnerable Linux">Damn Vulnerable Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KateOS" title="KateOS">KateOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongoni_(operating_system)" title="Kongoni (operating system)">Kongoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NimbleX" title="NimbleX">NimbleX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platypux" title="Platypux">Platypux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopologiLinux" title="TopologiLinux">TopologiLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VectorLinux" title="VectorLinux">VectorLinux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Studio" title="SUSE Studio">SUSE Studio Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caldera_OpenLinux" title="Caldera OpenLinux">Caldera OpenLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DemoLinux" title="DemoLinux">DemoLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familiar_Linux" title="Familiar Linux">Familiar Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS" title="Firefox OS">Firefox OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefox_OS#B2G_OS" title="Firefox OS">B2G OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floppyfw" title="Floppyfw">Floppyfw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foresight_Linux" title="Foresight Linux">Foresight Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunix" title="Immunix">Immunix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurix" title="Jurix">Jurix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Router_Project" title="Linux Router Project">Linux Router Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCC_Interim_Linux" title="MCC Interim Linux">MCC Interim Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mer_(software_distribution)" title="Mer (software distribution)">Mer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilinux" title="Mobilinux">Mobilinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitix" title="Nitix">Nitix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenELEC" title="OpenELEC">OpenELEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softlanding_Linux_System" title="Softlanding Linux System">Softlanding Linux System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splashtop_OS" title="Splashtop OS">Splashtop OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkix" title="Turkix">Turkix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_distributions" title="List of Linux distributions">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/12px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/19px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/25px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_na_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-article page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/16px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/23px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Symbol_na_class.svg/31px-Symbol_na_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributions" title="Comparison of Linux distributions">Comparison</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Linux_distributions" title="Category:Linux distributions">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1242" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1242" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/185650581">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4833426-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006038505">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155322022">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155322022">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph471320&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/14047182">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007365081605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&oldid=1281931179">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&oldid=1281931179</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ubuntu" title="Category:Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2004_software" title="Category:2004 software">2004 software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ARM_Linux_distributions" title="Category:ARM Linux distributions">ARM Linux distributions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Debian-based_distributions" title="Category:Debian-based distributions">Debian-based distributions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Enterprise_Linux_distributions" title="Category:Enterprise Linux distributions">Enterprise Linux distributions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Free_software_operating_systems" title="Category:Free software operating systems">Free software operating systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Operating_system_distributions_bootable_from_read-only_media" title="Category:Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media">Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Power_ISA_Linux_distributions" title="Category:Power ISA Linux distributions">Power ISA Linux distributions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:PowerPC_Linux_distributions" title="Category:PowerPC Linux distributions">PowerPC Linux distributions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:X86-64_Linux_distributions" title="Category:X86-64 Linux distributions">X86-64 Linux distributions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Linux_distributions" title="Category:Linux distributions">Linux distributions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2019">Use dmy dates from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_January_2021" title="Category:Use British English from January 2021">Use British English from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Xhosa-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Xhosa-language text">Articles containing Xhosa-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections" title="Category:All articles that may have off-topic sections">All articles that may have off-topic sections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_that_may_have_off-topic_sections_from_November_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from November 2023">Wikipedia articles that may have off-topic sections from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_accuracy_disputes" title="Category:All accuracy disputes">All accuracy disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_disputed_statements_from_December_2018" title="Category:Articles with disputed statements from December 2018">Articles with disputed statements from December 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_January_2009" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2009">Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2009</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 March 2025, at 10:18 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubuntu&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Ubuntu</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 153 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-5gczz","wgBackendResponseTime":318,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.101","walltime":"2.314","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18578,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":591326,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":19206,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":924274,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1985.272 1 -total"," 51.77% 1027.801 2 Template:Reflist"," 38.52% 764.745 211 Template:Cite_web"," 14.23% 282.500 1 Template:Infobox_OS"," 13.25% 263.007 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.47% 188.011 9 Template:Wikidata"," 5.56% 110.410 10 Template:Navbox"," 4.99% 98.979 23 Template:Cite_news"," 4.65% 92.317 1 Template:Ubuntu"," 3.91% 77.690 12 Template:Citation_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.362","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18923914,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","16.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","12.1"],["?","140","10.6"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","120","9.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","7.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","60","4.5"],["type","60","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","40","3.0"],["[others]","260","19.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-hf76w","timestamp":"20250331174552","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ubuntu","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ubuntu","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q381","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q381","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-09-16T08:05:18Z","dateModified":"2025-03-23T10:18:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ae\/Ubuntu_24.10_Oracular_Oriole_Desktop_English.png","headline":"Linux distribution developed by Canonical"}</script> </body> </html>