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Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Beonna</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> roi d'Est-Anglie </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li 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<section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote bandeau-entete-label"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bons_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Bons articles"><img alt="Wikipédia:Bons articles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/15px-Bon_article.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/23px-Bon_article.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Bon_article.svg/30px-Bon_article.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Vous lisez un « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bons_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Bons articles">bon article</a> » labellisé en 2020.</p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p><b>Beonna</b> ou <b>Beorna</b> est un roi d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Est-Anglie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Est-Anglie">Est-Anglie</a> de la deuxième moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle.</p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#000080;color:#FFF;">Beonna</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Beonna_7_8th_century.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Beonna_7_8th_century.jpg/220px-Beonna_7_8th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Beonna_7_8th_century.jpg/330px-Beonna_7_8th_century.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Beonna_7_8th_century.jpg/440px-Beonna_7_8th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="917"></a></span> <br> Un <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sceat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sceat">sceat</a></i> de Beonna.</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Titre</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#BFC5F9; color:#000000"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Est-Anglie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Est-Anglie">Roi d'Est-Anglie</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b><time datetime="0749" data-sort-value="0749" class="date-lien"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/749?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="749">749</a></time> – ?</b></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Avec</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alberht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alberht">Alberht</a> (et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hun_(roi_d%27Est-Anglie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hun (roi d'Est-Anglie)">Hun</a> ?)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Prédécesseur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86lfwald_(roi_d%27Est-Anglie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ælfwald (roi d'Est-Anglie)">Ælfwald</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Successeur</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86thelred_Ier_(roi_d%27Est-Anglie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Æthelred Ier (roi d'Est-Anglie)">Æthelred <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> ?</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#000080; color:#FFF">Biographie</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">Date de décès</span></th> <td>inconnue</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_rois_d%27Est-Anglie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des rois d'Est-Anglie">Liste des rois d'Est-Anglie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #000080 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBeonna%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Personnalit%C3%A9_politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Son règne est très mal connu. La documentation le concernant est principalement d'ordre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numismatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Numismatique">numismatique</a>, avec plus d'une centaine de pièces connues frappées à son nom, majoritairement retrouvées dans les trésors enterrés à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harling">Middle Harling</a>, dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norfolk_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norfolk (comté)">Norfolk</a>, et Burrow Hill, dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suffolk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>. Les rares mentions dans les sources écrites indiquent qu'il monte sur le trône à la mort d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86lfwald_(roi_d%27Est-Anglie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ælfwald (roi d'Est-Anglie)">Ælfwald</a>, le dernier roi attesté de la dynastie des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuffingas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuffingas">Wuffingas</a>, en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/749?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="749">749</a>, et qu'il partage le royaume avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alberht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alberht">Alberht</a> et (peut-être) <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hun_(roi_d%27Est-Anglie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hun (roi d'Est-Anglie)">Hun</a>. La date et les circonstances de la fin de son règne sont inconnues.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Contexte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Contexte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Identification"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Identification</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Monnaies"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Monnaies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lien_externe"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Lien externe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Contexte">Contexte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beonna&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Contexte" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Contrairement aux royaumes de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northumbrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northumbrie">Northumbrie</a>, de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercie">Mercie</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wessex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wessex">Wessex</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume_d%27Est-Anglie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume d'Est-Anglie">Angles de l'Est</a> ont laissé peu de traces écrites de leur histoire. D'après l'historienne <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barbara_Yorke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barbara Yorke">Barbara Yorke</a>, cette lacune documentaire est la conséquence des invasions <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikings">vikings</a>, qui ont causé la destruction de la plupart des monastères de la région, ainsi que la disparition de ses deux sièges épiscopaux, situés à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%AAque_de_Dunwich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évêque de Dunwich">Dommoc</a> pour le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suffolk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%AAque_de_Norwich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évêque de Norwich">Elmham</a> pour le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norfolk_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norfolk (comté)">Norfolk</a><sup id="cite_ref-Yorke199058_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Yorke199058-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Néanmoins, il ne s'agit peut-être pas de la seule raison : pour Richard Hoggett, cette pauvreté documentaire s'explique avant tout par l'absence de conservation effective des documents<sup id="cite_ref-Hoggett201023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hoggett201023-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le roi des Angles de l'Est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86lfwald_(roi_d%27Est-Anglie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ælfwald (roi d'Est-Anglie)">Ælfwald</a> meurt en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/749?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="749">749</a> après trente-six années de règne<sup id="cite_ref-Yorke199063_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Yorke199063-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Durant cette période, son royaume bénéficie d'une certaine stabilité, même s'il se retrouve soumis à l'autorité du roi mercien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_(roi_de_Mercie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Æthelbald (roi de Mercie)">Æthelbald</a>, au pouvoir de 716 à 757<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198523_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198523-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ælfwald est le dernier représentant certain des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wuffingas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wuffingas">Wuffingas</a>, la dynastie qui règne sur l'Est-Anglie depuis le <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-Yorke199068_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Yorke199068-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Identification">Identification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beonna&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Identification" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_(Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139,_folio_62r).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Gros plan sur un manuscrit : deux lignes de texte à l'encre noire précédées d'un A majuscule en rouge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62r%29.jpg/330px-AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62r%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="271"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 87px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62r%29.jpg/330px-AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62r%29.jpg" data-alt="Gros plan sur un manuscrit : deux lignes de texte à l'encre noire précédées d'un A majuscule en rouge" data-width="330" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62r%29.jpg/495px-AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62r%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62r%29.jpg/660px-AD_749_death_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62r%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Le début de l'entrée pour 749 de l'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historia_regum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historia regum">Historia regum</a></i> rapporte la mort d'Ælfwald : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="la">« <span class="italique">Ælfwald rex Orientalium Anglorum defunctus est</span> »</span> (MS CCCC 139, f 62r). </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_(Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139,_folio_62v).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Gros plan sur un manuscrit : une ligne de texte à l'encre noire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62v%29.jpg/330px-AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62v%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="53" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="178"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 53px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62v%29.jpg/330px-AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62v%29.jpg" data-alt="Gros plan sur un manuscrit : une ligne de texte à l'encre noire" data-width="330" data-height="53" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62v%29.jpg/495px-AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62v%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62v%29.jpg/660px-AD_749_succession_of_%C3%86lfwald_%28Cambridge_Corpus_Christi_College_139%2C_folio_62v%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La fin de la même entrée rapporte la succession d'Ælfwald : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="la">« <span class="italique">regnumque Hunbeanna et Alberht sibi diviserunt</span> »</span> (MS CCCC 139, f 62v). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Beonna est mentionné comme roi des Angles de l'Est dans une poignée de sources écrites. L'<i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historia_regum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historia regum">Historia regum</a></i>, une chronique compilée au <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sim%C3%A9on_de_Durham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siméon de Durham">Siméon de Durham</a>, mais dont une grande partie est l'œuvre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byrhtferth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Byrhtferth">Byrhtferth</a>, un moine de la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-Lapidge199632_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lapidge199632-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, indique que « Hunbeanna et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alberht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alberht">Alberht</a> se partagèrent le royaume des Angles de l'Est » après la mort d'Ælfwald. Le <i>Chronicon ex chronicis</i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_de_Worcester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean de Worcester">Jean de Worcester</a>, qui date également du <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, mentionne un roi des Angles de l'Est nommé <i>Beornus</i>. Une liste de rois figurant dans cette même chronique mentionne <i>Beonna</i> comme roi d'Est-Anglie à l'époque d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Offa_(roi_de_Mercie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Offa (roi de Mercie)">Offa</a>, roi de Mercie de 757 à 796<sup id="cite_ref-Pagan196814_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pagan196814-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Au siècle suivant, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matthieu_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matthieu Paris">Matthieu Paris</a> mentionne également le partage de l'Est-Anglie entre <i>Beonna</i> et <i>Ethelbert</i> dans ses <i>Flores historiarum</i>. Contrairement à celui de ses cinq prédécesseurs, le nom de Beonna ne commence pas par un A ou un Æ, ce qui suggère qu'il pourrait ne pas leur être apparenté, contrairement à son co-roi Alberht qui pourrait appartenir à la dynastie des Wuffingas<sup id="cite_ref-Yorke199068_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Yorke199068-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Si <i>Beanna</i> est un roi, cela soulève la question de l'élément <i>Hun-</i> dans le nom <i>Hunbeanna</i>. Les historiens <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hector_Munro_Chadwick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hector Munro Chadwick">H. M. Chadwick</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dorothy_Whitelock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dorothy Whitelock">Dorothy Whitelock</a> proposent une division du royaume en trois et non en deux, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hun_(roi_d%27Est-Anglie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hun (roi d'Est-Anglie)">Hun</a> étant un troisième roi distinct de Beanna. Un scribe aurait pu accoler par erreur leurs deux noms pour donner <i>Hunbeanna</i><sup id="cite_ref-Plunkett2005155_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Plunkett2005155-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Yorke avance la possibilité que la division de l'Est-Anglie se soit faite entre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norfolk_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norfolk (comté)">Norfolk</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suffolk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> et la région d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ely?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ely">Ely</a><sup id="cite_ref-Yorke199069_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Yorke199069-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En revanche, D. P. Kirby considère que le partage de l'Est-Anglie n'a en réalité pas eu lieu et que Hun, Beanna et Alberht (qu'il identifie à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_(roi_d%27Est-Anglie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Æthelberht (roi d'Est-Anglie)">Æthelberht</a>) se sont succédé sur le trône. Il situe l'avènement de Beonna vers 758 et considère ses monnaies comme la preuve d'une indépendance reconquise vis-à-vis de la Mercie dans la foulée de la mort d'Æthelbald, tué par ses gardes du corps en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/757?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="757">757</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kirby2000115_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kirby2000115-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Oman_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Oman (historien)">Charles Oman</a> propose que Beonna ne soit autre que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beornred?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beornred">Beornred</a>, un inconnu qui monte brièvement sur le trône de Mercie à la mort d'Æthelbald avant d'en être chassé par Offa la même année<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198533_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198533-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est également possible que Beonna et Beornred appartiennent simplement à la même famille<sup id="cite_ref-Plunkett2005160_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Plunkett2005160-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Marion Archibald et Valerie Fenwick s'appuient à la fois sur la numismatique et sur les sources écrites pour proposer un scénario plus élaboré. Partant de l'hypothèse que Beornred et Beonna sont une seule et même personne, elles envisagent qu'il soit placé à la tête du Norfolk par Æthelbald de Mercie, tandis qu'Alberht, probablement un représentant de la dynastie des Wuffingas, continue à régner sur le Suffolk. Beornred/Beonna profite de la mort d'Æthelbald pour s'emparer du trône de Mercie en 757 et intensifie sa production monétaire en Est-Anglie, peut-être pour des raisons militaires. Chassé de Mercie par Offa au bout de quelques mois, il doit se réfugier en Est-Anglie. Alberht, qui avait profité de l'absence de Beornred/Beonna pour rétablir l'indépendance de son royaume, est à son tour déposé au retour de ce dernier, vers 760. Beornred/Beonna finit par perdre le pouvoir vers 760-765, lorsque Offa impose sa domination aux Angles de l'Est<sup id="cite_ref-ArchibaldCowellFenwick199612_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ArchibaldCowellFenwick199612-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Monnaies">Monnaies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beonna&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Monnaies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Beonna_coins_map.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Carte montrant les plus grosses concentrations de pièces à Middle Harling, dans le centre de l'Est-Anglie, et Burrow Hill, dans le sud-est" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Beonna_coins_map.svg/220px-Beonna_coins_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="620"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 253px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Beonna_coins_map.svg/220px-Beonna_coins_map.svg.png" data-alt="Carte montrant les plus grosses concentrations de pièces à Middle Harling, dans le centre de l'Est-Anglie, et Burrow Hill, dans le sud-est" data-width="220" data-height="253" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Beonna_coins_map.svg/330px-Beonna_coins_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Beonna_coins_map.svg/440px-Beonna_coins_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Carte de l'Est-Anglie mettant en évidence la distribution des pièces de Beonna par monnayeur et lieu de découverte. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les rois anglo-saxons commencent à frapper des pièces dans les années 620, d'abord en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Or?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Or">or</a>, puis en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lectrum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Électrum">électrum</a> (un alliage d'or et d'argent) et enfin en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argent">argent</a> pur. L'organisation pratique de ces émissions à l'époque de Beonna est très mal connue, mais il est vraisemblable que les monnayeurs agissent sous l'autorité du roi, qui supervise à un certain degré le dessin qui figure sur ses monnaies<sup id="cite_ref-Page2006117-118_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Page2006117-118-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Durant la première moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, toute l'Europe du Nord-Ouest est frappée par une pénurie de métaux précieux, et l'on constate au même moment une diminution du pourcentage de métaux précieux dans les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sceat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sceat">sceattas</a></i> frappés en Angleterre. Le premier roi à réagir à cette crise monétaire est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eadberht_(roi_de_Northumbrie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eadberht (roi de Northumbrie)">Eadberht de Northumbrie</a>. Vers 740, il commence à émettre une nouvelle monnaie de poids constant avec un fort pourcentage d'argent qui finit par remplacer l'ancienne monnaie dévaluée. D'autres souverains suivent son exemple, parmi lesquels Beonna, mais aussi le Carolingien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9pin_le_Bref?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pépin le Bref">Pépin le Bref</a>, qui semble avoir été influencé par les nouvelles pièces émises par ces deux monarques anglo-saxons<sup id="cite_ref-Naismith201297_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Naismith201297-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 1968, seulement cinq pièces de Beonna étaient identifiées. Quelques autres s'y sont ajoutées dans les années suivantes, jusqu'à la découverte en 1980 d'un trésor enterré à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harling">Middle Harling</a>, au nord-est de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thetford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thetford">Thetford</a>, près de la frontière entre le Norfolk et le Suffolk. Il a livré cinquante-huit pièces frappées sous le règne de Beonna. Le second endroit avec la plus grande concentration de monnaies de Beonna est Burrow Hill, dans le Suffolk, avec quatorze pièces<sup id="cite_ref-ArchibaldCowellFenwick19965_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ArchibaldCowellFenwick19965-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. On connaît désormais plus d'une centaine de pièces à son nom<sup id="cite_ref-ArchibaldCowellFenwick19961_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ArchibaldCowellFenwick19961-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, dont la plupart ont été acquises par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/British_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="British Museum">British Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198510_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198510-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Beonna est le premier roi d'Est-Anglie dont le nom et le titre figurent à la fois sur ses pièces. Elles sont plus grandes que les <i>sceattas</i>, mais plus petites que les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penny">pennies</a> frappés quelques décennies plus tard. Leurs inscriptions runiques forment un corpus daté important pour l'étude des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Runes_anglo-saxonnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Runes anglo-saxonnes">runes anglo-saxonnes</a>. Elles témoignent peut-être d'une préférence pour ce système d'écriture propre aux Angles de l'Est<sup id="cite_ref-Page2006215_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Page2006215-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-BrownFarr2001214_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BrownFarr2001214-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Trois monnayeurs ayant travaillé pour Beonna sont connus par leur nom : Werferth, Efe et Wilred. Werferth est considéré comme le plus ancien des trois. Ses pièces, comme celles frappées pour Eadberht, contiennent 70 % d'argent et présentent de nombreuses similitudes de forme avec les monnaies northumbriennes. En s'appuyant sur la chronologie (connue) des pièces d'Eadberht, il pourrait être possible de dresser une chronologie pour celles de Beonna, si ce n'est qu'Eadberht est arrivé au pouvoir en 738, plus d'une décennie avant l'avènement de Beonna, ce qui rend impossible l'établissement de parallèles entre leurs pièces respectives<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198531_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198531-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_(FindID_136271).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Photo des deux faces d'une pièce de monnaie portant des inscriptions en runes et en lettres latines arrangées en cercle autour du centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_%28FindID_136271%29.jpg/220px-Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_%28FindID_136271%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1348"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_%28FindID_136271%29.jpg/220px-Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_%28FindID_136271%29.jpg" data-alt="Photo des deux faces d'une pièce de monnaie portant des inscriptions en runes et en lettres latines arrangées en cercle autour du centre" data-width="220" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_%28FindID_136271%29.jpg/330px-Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_%28FindID_136271%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_%28FindID_136271%29.jpg/440px-Early_medieval_sceat_of_King_Beonna_%28FindID_136271%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Une pièce de Beonna frappée par Efe. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Efe, le deuxième monnayeur de Beonna, est de loin le plus prolifique. D'après leur distribution, ses pièces semblent avoir été produites quelque part dans le nord du Suffolk ou le sud du Norfolk. Le village d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euston_(Royaume-Uni)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euston (Royaume-Uni)">Euston</a>, dans le Suffolk, pourrait devoir son nom à un dénommé Efe<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198530_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198530-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'avers des pièces d'Efe mentionne le nom et le titre du roi, généralement dans un mélange de runes et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alphabet_latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alphabet latin">alphabet latin</a>. Les caractères sont le plus souvent organisés autour d'un motif central, d'inspiration sans doute northumbrienne. Le revers présente une croix et les lettres du nom <i>Efe</i> dans des secteurs séparés par des lignes. L'utilisation des coins d'Efe, dont la majorité sont connus, ne répond à aucune cohérence particulière<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198531_21-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198531-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Anglo-Saxon_sceat_(FindID_143640).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Photo des deux faces d'une pièce de monnaie portant des inscriptions des inscriptions en runes et en lettres latines arrangées en cercle autour du centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Anglo-Saxon_sceat_%28FindID_143640%29.jpg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_sceat_%28FindID_143640%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1912" data-file-height="1164"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Anglo-Saxon_sceat_%28FindID_143640%29.jpg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_sceat_%28FindID_143640%29.jpg" data-alt="Photo des deux faces d'une pièce de monnaie portant des inscriptions des inscriptions en runes et en lettres latines arrangées en cercle autour du centre" data-width="220" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Anglo-Saxon_sceat_%28FindID_143640%29.jpg/330px-Anglo-Saxon_sceat_%28FindID_143640%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Anglo-Saxon_sceat_%28FindID_143640%29.jpg/440px-Anglo-Saxon_sceat_%28FindID_143640%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Une pièce de Beonna frappée par Wilred. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les monnaies de Wilred, le troisième et dernier monnayeur connu de Beonna, sont si différentes de celles d'Efe qu'il n'est guère envisageable qu'elles aient pu être frappées au même endroit ou au même moment<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198524_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198524-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce Wilred est vraisemblablement la même personne que le monnayeur du même nom qui travaille pour Offa de Mercie, peut-être à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ipswich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a>. Ses pièces constituent donc une preuve potentielle de l'influence d'Offa sur les Angles de l'Est à une date antérieure à celle traditionnellement retenue, mais elles ne permettent pas vraiment de fixer la chronologie du règne de Beonna<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198532_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198532-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le nom de Wilred est systématiquement écrit en runes, avec le plus souvent deux croix pour isoler les éléments de son nom <i>(+ wil + red)</i>. Sur l'autre face, le nom du roi est écrit d'une manière similaire, mais avec une rune supplémentaire<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald198538_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald198538-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette rune unique, qui ressemble à un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C7%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ƿ">wynn</a> (ᚹ), pourrait représenter la première lettre du mot <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vieil_anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vieil anglais">vieil-anglais</a> <i><span class="lang-ang" lang="ang">walda</span></i>, « souverain »<sup id="cite_ref-Fenwick198448_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fenwick198448-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Il existe enfin un type de Beonna dont le monnayeur n'est pas nommé, qui présente un motif en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entrelacs_(ornement)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entrelacs (ornement)">entrelacs</a>. Un spécimen aujourd'hui perdu en a été découvert à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dorestad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dorestad">Dorestad</a>, un nœud commercial important dans la deuxième moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. Ce spécimen rappelle les derniers francs et frisons émis dans la région de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maastricht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a> à la même époque<sup id="cite_ref-Plunkett2005158_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Plunkett2005158-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beonna&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beonna_of_East_Anglia?oldid%3D732685418">Beonna of East Anglia</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beonna_of_East_Anglia?action%3Dhistory">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Yorke199058-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Yorke199058_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Yorke1990">Yorke 1990</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 58. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Hoggett201023-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hoggett201023_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hoggett2010">Hoggett 2010</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 23. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Yorke199063-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Yorke199063_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Yorke1990">Yorke 1990</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 63. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald198523-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198523_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archibald1985">Archibald 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 23. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Yorke199068-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Yorke199068_5-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Yorke199068_5-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Yorke1990">Yorke 1990</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 68. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lapidge199632-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lapidge199632_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lapidge1996">Lapidge 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 32. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pagan196814-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pagan196814_7-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pagan1968">Pagan 1968</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 14. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Plunkett2005155-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Plunkett2005155_8-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Plunkett2005">Plunkett 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 155. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Yorke199069-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Yorke199069_9-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Yorke1990">Yorke 1990</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 69. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kirby2000115-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kirby2000115_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kirby2000">Kirby 2000</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 115. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald198533-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198533_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archibald1985">Archibald 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 33. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Plunkett2005160-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Plunkett2005160_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Plunkett2005">Plunkett 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 160. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ArchibaldCowellFenwick199612-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ArchibaldCowellFenwick199612_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ArchibaldCowellFenwick1996">Archibald, Cowell et Fenwick 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 12. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Page2006117-118-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Page2006117-118_14-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Page2006">Page 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 117-118. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Naismith201297-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Naismith201297_15-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Naismith2012">Naismith 2012</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 97. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ArchibaldCowellFenwick19965-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ArchibaldCowellFenwick19965_16-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ArchibaldCowellFenwick1996">Archibald, Cowell et Fenwick 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 5. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ArchibaldCowellFenwick19961-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ArchibaldCowellFenwick19961_17-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#ArchibaldCowellFenwick1996">Archibald, Cowell et Fenwick 1996</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 1. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald198510-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198510_18-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archibald1985">Archibald 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 10. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Page2006215-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Page2006215_19-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Page2006">Page 2006</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 215. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-BrownFarr2001214-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BrownFarr2001214_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#BrownFarr2001">Brown et Farr 2001</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 214. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald198531-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198531_21-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198531_21-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archibald1985">Archibald 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 31. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald198530-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198530_22-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archibald1985">Archibald 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 30. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald198524-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198524_23-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archibald1985">Archibald 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 24. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald198532-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198532_24-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archibald1985">Archibald 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 32. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald198538-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald198538_25-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Archibald1985">Archibald 1985</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 38. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fenwick198448-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fenwick198448_26-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fenwick1984">Fenwick 1984</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 48. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Plunkett2005158-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Plunkett2005158_27-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Plunkett2005">Plunkett 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 158. </span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beonna&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Archibald1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marion_M._Archibald1985"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Marion M. Archibald, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Coinage of Beonna in the light of the Middle Harling Hoard</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Numismatic Journal</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 55,‎ <time>1985</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">10-54</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%2520BNJ/pdfs/1985_BNJ_55_4.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Coinage+of+Beonna+in+the+light+of+the+Middle+Harling+Hoard&rft.jtitle=British+Numismatic+Journal&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=Marion+M.&rft.date=1985&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=10-54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ArchibaldCowellFenwick1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marion_M._ArchibaldM._R._CowellV._H._Fenwick1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Marion M. Archibald, M. R. Cowell et V. H. Fenwick, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">A sceat of Ethelbert I of East Anglia and recent finds of coins of Beonna</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Numismatic Journal</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 65,‎ <time>1996</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">1-19</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%2520BNJ/pdfs/1995_BNJ_65_3.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+sceat+of+Ethelbert+I+of+East+Anglia+and+recent+finds+of+coins+of+Beonna&rft.jtitle=British+Numismatic+Journal&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=Marion+M.&rft.au=M.+R.+Cowell&rft.au=V.+H.+Fenwick&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=65&rft.pages=1-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Archibald2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marion_M._Archibald2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Marion M. <span class="nom_auteur">Archibald</span>, <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">« Beonna and Alberht: Coinage and Historical Context »</cite>, dans David Hill et Margaret Worthington (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Æthelbald and Offa: Two Eighth Century Kings of Mercia</cite>, Archaeopress, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « British Archaeological Reports British Series » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 383), <time>2005</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-84171-687-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-84171-687-9"><span class="nowrap">978-1-84171-687-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%C3%86thelbald+and+Offa%3A+Two+Eighth+Century+Kings+of+Mercia&rft.atitle=Beonna+and+Alberht%3A+Coinage+and+Historical+Context&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=Marion+M.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84171-687-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="BrownFarr2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michelle_P._BrownCarol_Ann_Farr2001"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Michelle P. Brown et Carol Ann <span class="nom_auteur">Farr</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Mercia : An Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in Europe</cite>, Leicester University Press, <time>2001</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-8264-7765-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-8264-7765-8"><span class="nowrap">0-8264-7765-8</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mercia&rft.pub=Leicester+University+Press&rft.stitle=An+Anglo-Saxon+Kingdom+in+Europe&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Michelle+P.&rft.au=Farr%2C+Carol+Ann&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8264-7765-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Fenwick1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="V._H._Fenwick1984"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> V. H. Fenwick, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Insula de Burgh: Excavations at Burrow Hill, Butley, Suffolk 1978–1981</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 3,‎ <time>1984</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">35-54</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.butley-research-group.org.uk/Page-14.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Insula+de+Burgh%3A+Excavations+at+Burrow+Hill%2C+Butley%2C+Suffolk+1978%E2%80%931981&rft.jtitle=Anglo-Saxon+Studies+in+Archaeology+and+History&rft.aulast=Fenwick&rft.aufirst=V.+H.&rft.date=1984&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=35-54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Hoggett2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_Hoggett2010"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard <span class="nom_auteur">Hoggett</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Archaeology of the East Anglian Conversion</cite>, The Boydell Press, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-84383-595-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-84383-595-0"><span class="nowrap">978-1-84383-595-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+the+East+Anglian+Conversion&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.aulast=Hoggett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-595-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Kirby2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="D._P._Kirby2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> D. P. <span class="nom_auteur">Kirby</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Earliest English Kings</cite>, Routledge, <time>2000</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-415-24211-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-415-24211-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-415-24211-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earliest+English+Kings&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Kirby&rft.aufirst=D.+P.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-24211-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Lapidge1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michael_Lapidge1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Lapidge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Lapidge">Michael Lapidge</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Anglo-Latin Literature 600–899</cite>, Hambleton Press, <time>1996</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/1-85285-011-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/1-85285-011-6"><span class="nowrap">1-85285-011-6</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Latin+Literature+600%E2%80%93899&rft.pub=Hambleton+Press&rft.aulast=Lapidge&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-85285-011-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Naismith2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rory_Naismith2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Rory Naismith, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Money and Power in Anglo-Saxon England : The Southern English Kingdoms, 757–965</cite>, Cambridge University Press, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-107-66969-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-107-66969-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-107-66969-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Money+and+Power+in+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.stitle=The+Southern+English+Kingdoms%2C+757%E2%80%93965&rft.aulast=Naismith&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-66969-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Pagan1968"><span class="ouvrage" id="H._E._Pagan1968"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> H. E. Pagan, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">A new type for Beonna</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Numismatic Journal</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 37,‎ <time>1968</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">10-15</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%2520BNJ/pdfs/1968_BNJ_37_5.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+new+type+for+Beonna&rft.jtitle=British+Numismatic+Journal&rft.aulast=Pagan&rft.aufirst=H.+E.&rft.date=1968&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=10-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Page2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="R._I._Page2006"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R._I._Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="R. I. Page">R. I. Page</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">An Introduction to English Runes</cite>, The Boydell Press, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-85115-946-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-85115-946-X"><span class="nowrap">0-85115-946-X</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+English+Runes&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=R.+I.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-85115-946-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Plunkett2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Steven_Plunkett2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Steven <span class="nom_auteur">Plunkett</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Suffolk in Anglo-Saxon Times</cite>, Tempus, <time>2005</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7524-3139-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7524-3139-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7524-3139-0</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suffolk+in+Anglo-Saxon+Times&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-3139-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Yorke1990"><span class="ouvrage" id="Barbara_Yorke1990"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barbara_Yorke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barbara Yorke">Barbara Yorke</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England</cite>, Seaby, <time>1990</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85264-027-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85264-027-9"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85264-027-9</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kings+and+Kingdoms+of+Early+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.pub=Seaby&rft.aulast=Yorke&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1-85264-027-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ABeonna"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Lien_externe">Lien externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beonna&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Lien externe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pase.ac.uk/jsp/ASC/person.jsp?personKey%3D35101">Beonna sur <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England</span></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Anglo-Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail des Anglo-Saxons"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/17px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1949" data-file-height="2791"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/17px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="17" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/25px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png/33px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_2016.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Anglo-Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Anglo-Saxons">Portail des Anglo-Saxons</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Monarchie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la monarchie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/32px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="214"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/32px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="32" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/48px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg/65px-French_heraldic_crowns_-_King.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Monarchie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Monarchie">Portail de la monarchie</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <div id="article_de_qualite" class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-simple bandeau-niveau-neutre" style="background-color:#FFFBFB;"> <div class="bandeau-centrer"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css grosse-icone etoile-argent" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <div class="noprint"> Cet article est reconnu comme « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Bons_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Bons articles">bon article</a> » depuis sa <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBeonna%26oldid%3D168185229">version du 14 mars 2020</a><small> (<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBeonna%26oldid%3D168185229%26diff%3Dcur">comparer avec la version actuelle</a>)</small>. <br> Pour toute information complémentaire, consulter sa <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discussion:Beonna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discussion:Beonna">page de discussion</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discussion:Beonna/Bon_article?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Discussion:Beonna/Bon article">vote l'ayant promu</a>. </div> <div class="printcssonly"> La version du 14 mars 2020 de cet article a été reconnue comme « <b>bon article</b> », c'est-à-dire qu'elle répond à des critères de qualité concernant le style, la clarté, la pertinence, la citation des sources et l'illustration. </div> </div> </div> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBeonna%26oldid%3D216194860">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beonna&oldid=216194860</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Beonna&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Ælfgar" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1719161577"> <span>Dernière modification le 23 juin 2024, à 17:52</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7_%25D9%2585%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="بيونا من ايست انجليا – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيونا من ايست انجليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beorna" title="Beorna – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Beorna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beorna" title="Beorna – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Beorna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beonna_of_East_Anglia" title="Beonna of East Anglia – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Beonna of East Anglia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beonna_de_Anglia_Oriental" title="Beonna de Anglia Oriental – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Beonna de Anglia Oriental" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beonna_dari_Anglia_Timur" title="Beonna dari Anglia Timur – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Beonna dari Anglia Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beorna_dell%2527Anglia_orientale" title="Beorna dell'Anglia orientale – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Beorna dell'Anglia orientale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beonna_da_%25C3%2582nglia_Oriental" title="Beonna da Ânglia Oriental – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Beonna da Ânglia Oriental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_(%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C_%25D0%2592%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9_%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B8)" title="Беорна (король Восточной Англии) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Беорна (король Восточной Англии)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0_(%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C_%25D0%25A1%25D1%2585%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2597_%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2597)" title="Беорна (король Східної Англії) – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Беорна (король Східної Англії)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 23 juin 2024 à 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