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<span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-From_prehistory_to_Roman_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_prehistory_to_Roman_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>From prehistory to Roman times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_prehistory_to_Roman_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venetian_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venetian_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Venetian era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venetian_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habsburg_Monarchy_(1797–1805)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habsburg_Monarchy_(1797–1805)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Habsburg Monarchy (1797–1805)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habsburg_Monarchy_(1797–1805)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Napoleonic_era_(1805–1814)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Napoleonic_era_(1805–1814)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Napoleonic era (1805–1814)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Napoleonic_era_(1805–1814)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austrian_Empire_(1814–1918)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austrian_Empire_(1814–1918)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Austrian Empire (1814–1918)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austrian_Empire_(1814–1918)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy_(1919–1947)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy_(1919–1947)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Italy (1919–1947)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy_(1919–1947)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SFR_Yugoslavia_(1947–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SFR_Yugoslavia_(1947–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>SFR Yugoslavia (1947–1991)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SFR_Yugoslavia_(1947–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia_(after_1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia_(after_1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>After the breakup of Yugoslavia (after 1991)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia_(after_1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographic history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographic_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographic history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Austro-Hungarian_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austro-Hungarian_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Austro-Hungarian census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austro-Hungarian_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Recent census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture and cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Image gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_towns_and_municipalities_of_Istria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_towns_and_municipalities_of_Istria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Major towns and municipalities of Istria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_towns_and_municipalities_of_Istria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Istria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إستريا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إستريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_d%27Istria" title="Peninsula d'Istria – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Peninsula d'Istria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0striya" title="İstriya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İstriya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Істрыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Істрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Істрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Істрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Истрия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Истрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istra" title="Istra – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Istra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3_d%27%C3%8Dstria" title="Regió d'Ístria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regió d'Ístria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria_(lawis)" title="Istria (lawis) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Istria (lawis)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrie_(poloostrov)" title="Istrie (poloostrov) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Istrie (poloostrov)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrien" title="Istrien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Istrien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrien" title="Istrien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Istrien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ίστρια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίστρια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrio" title="Istrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Istrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایستریا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایستریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrie" title="Istrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Istrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84" title="이스트라반도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이스트라반도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իստրիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իստրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istra" title="Istra – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istr%C3%ADa" title="Istría – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Istría" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="איסטריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איסטריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ისტრია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ისტრია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Истрия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Истрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histria" title="Histria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Histria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istras_pussala" title="Istras pussala – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Istras pussala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrien" title="Istrien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Istrien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrija" title="Istrija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Istrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isztriai-f%C3%A9lsziget" title="Isztriai-félsziget – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Isztriai-félsziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Истра – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Истра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istri%C3%AB_(schiereiland)" title="Istrië (schiereiland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Istrië (schiereiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="イストリア半島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イストリア半島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dstria" title="Ístria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ístria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula_Istria" title="Peninsula Istria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Peninsula Istria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Истрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Истрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cstria" title="Ìstria – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìstria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istra" title="Istra – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Istra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istryjo" title="Istryjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Istryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Истра – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Истра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istra" title="Istra – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrien" title="Istrien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Istrien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="อิสเตรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิสเตรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stirya" title="İstirya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İstirya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Істрія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Істрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایستریا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایستریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istria" title="Istria – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Istria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊斯特拉半岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊斯特拉半岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="伊斯特拉半島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊斯特拉半島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Istria&params=45_15_40_N_13_54_16_E_region:HR_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°15′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°54′16″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.26111°N 13.90444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.26111; 13.90444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Peninsula on the Adriatic Sea</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Istria_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Istria (disambiguation)">Istria (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical land</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Istria</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Istra</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">Istra</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>)</span><br /><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Istria</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Venetian-language text"><i lang="vec">Istria</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Istro Romanian-language text"><i lang="ruo">Istria</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Istro_Romanian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Istro Romanian language">Istro Romanian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Istriot-language text"><i lang="ist">Eîstria</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Istriot_language" title="Istriot language">Istriot</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Historical land</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Istrien_en.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Istria"><img alt="Location of Istria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Karte_Istrien_en.png/250px-Karte_Istrien_en.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Karte_Istrien_en.png/375px-Karte_Istrien_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Karte_Istrien_en.png/500px-Karte_Istrien_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1681" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Istria_in_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Istria"><img alt="Location of Istria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Istria_in_Croatia.svg/250px-Istria_in_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Istria_in_Croatia.svg/375px-Istria_in_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Istria_in_Croatia.svg/500px-Istria_in_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="1063" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Istrian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Istria</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">IST</span>-ree-ə</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Istra</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>: <span title="Istro Romanian-language text"><i lang="ruo">Istria</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Istriot_language" title="Istriot language">Istriot</a>: <i lang="ist">Eîstria</i>; <a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanian_language" title="Istro-Romanian language">Istro-Romanian</a>: <span title="Istro Romanian-language text"><i lang="ruo">Istria</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Histria</i>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἱστρία</span>) is the largest <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. Located at the top of the Adriatic between the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Trieste" title="Gulf of Trieste">Gulf of Trieste</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kvarner_Gulf" title="Kvarner Gulf">Kvarner Gulf</a>, the peninsula is shared by three countries: Croatia, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pope-Neubauer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-Neubauer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Day-East-Thomas_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Day-East-Thomas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 90% of its area being part of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Croatian Istria is part of <a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Geography of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovenia" title="Geography of Slovenia">Geography of Slovenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Geography of Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Istria_County_OpenStreetMap.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Istria_County_OpenStreetMap.svg/220px-Istria_County_OpenStreetMap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Istria_County_OpenStreetMap.svg/330px-Istria_County_OpenStreetMap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Istria_County_OpenStreetMap.svg/440px-Istria_County_OpenStreetMap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1352" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Borders and roads in Istria</figcaption></figure> <p>The geographical features of Istria include the <a href="/wiki/U%C4%8Dka" title="Učka">Učka</a>/Monte Maggiore <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a>, which is the highest portion of the <a href="/wiki/%C4%86i%C4%87arija" title="Ćićarija">Ćićarija</a>/Cicceria mountain range; the rivers <a href="/wiki/Dragonja" title="Dragonja">Dragonja</a>/Dragogna, <a href="/wiki/Mirna_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirna (Croatia)">Mirna</a>/Quieto, <a href="/wiki/Pazin%C4%8Dica" title="Pazinčica">Pazinčica</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1a_(river)" title="Raša (river)">Raša</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Lim_(Croatia)" title="Lim (Croatia)">Lim</a>/Canale di Leme bay and valley. Istria lies in three countries: Croatia, Slovenia and Italy. By far the largest portion (90%) lies in Croatia. "Croatian Istria" is divided into two counties, the larger being <a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria County</a> in western Croatia. Important towns in Istria County include <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a>/Pola, <a href="/wiki/Pore%C4%8D" title="Poreč">Poreč</a>/Parenzo, <a href="/wiki/Rovinj" title="Rovinj">Rovinj</a>/Rovigno, <a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazin</a>/Pisino, <a href="/wiki/Labin" title="Labin">Labin</a>/Albona, <a href="/wiki/Umag" title="Umag">Umag</a>/Umago, <a href="/wiki/Motovun" title="Motovun">Motovun</a>/Montona, <a href="/wiki/Buzet" title="Buzet">Buzet</a>/Pinguente, and <a href="/wiki/Buje" title="Buje">Buje</a>/Buie. Smaller towns in Istria County include <a href="/wiki/Vi%C5%A1njan" title="Višnjan">Višnjan</a>/Visignano, <a href="/wiki/Ro%C4%8D" title="Roč">Roč</a>/Rozzo, and <a href="/wiki/Hum,_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hum, Croatia">Hum</a>/Colmo. </p><p>The northwestern part of Istria lies in Slovenia: it is known as <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Istria" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Istria">Slovenian Istria</a>, and includes the coastal municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pirano" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirano">Pirano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a>/Isola, and <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a>/Capodistria. It also includes the <a href="/wiki/Kras_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Kras Plateau">Karstic</a> municipality of <a href="/wiki/Hrpelje-Kozina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrpelje-Kozina">Hrpelje-Kozina</a>/Erpelle-Cosina.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Northwards of Slovenian Istria, there is a tiny portion of the peninsula that lies in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Pope-Neubauer_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pope-Neubauer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Day-East-Thomas_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Day-East-Thomas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This smallest portion of Istria consists of the <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comunes</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Muggia" title="Muggia">Muggia</a>/Milje and <a href="/wiki/San_Dorligo_della_Valle" title="San Dorligo della Valle">San Dorligo della Valle</a>/Dolina with Santa Croce (<a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>) lying farthest to the north. </p><p>The ancient region of <i>Histria</i> extended over a much wider area, including the whole <a href="/wiki/Karst_Plateau" title="Karst Plateau">Karst Plateau</a> with the southern edges of the <a href="/wiki/Vipava_Valley" title="Vipava Valley">Vipava Valley</a>/Vipacco Valley, the southwestern portions of modern <a href="/wiki/Inner_Carniola" title="Inner Carniola">Inner Carniola</a> with <a href="/wiki/Postojna" title="Postojna">Postojna</a>/Postumia and <a href="/wiki/Ilirska_Bistrica" title="Ilirska Bistrica">Ilirska Bistrica</a>/Bisterza, and the Italian <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Trieste" title="Province of Trieste">Province of Trieste</a>, but not the <a href="/wiki/Liburnia" title="Liburnia">Liburnian</a> coast which was already part of <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Illyricum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name Istria (Ἰστρία) is derived from the river Ister (Ἴστρος) (modern <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>), because the Greeks erroneously believed, early in their travels around the Mediterranean, that a branch of the Danube flowed into the Adriatic Sea in that area. In addition, the Greeks called the inhabitants of the area Histri (Ἴστροι); if this was their native name, it may have initially led the Greeks to assume a connection with the river Ister.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Istria" title="History of Istria">History of Istria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_prehistory_to_Roman_times">From prehistory to Roman times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: From prehistory to Roman times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">March of Istria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Histri" title="Histri">Histri</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:X_-_VENETIA_ET_ISTRIA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/X_-_VENETIA_ET_ISTRIA.svg/220px-X_-_VENETIA_ET_ISTRIA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/X_-_VENETIA_ET_ISTRIA.svg/330px-X_-_VENETIA_ET_ISTRIA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/X_-_VENETIA_ET_ISTRIA.svg/440px-X_-_VENETIA_ET_ISTRIA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>Regio X <i><a href="/wiki/Venetia_et_Histria" title="Venetia et Histria">Venetia et Histria</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Roman Italy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Histri" title="Histri">Histri</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἱστρών έθνος</span></span>) tribes, which <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> refers to as living in the region and who are credited as being the builders of the hillfort settlements (castellieri). The Histri are classified in some sources as a "Venetic" <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian</a> tribe with certain linguistic differences from other Illyrians.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> described the Histri as a fierce tribe of pirates, protected by the difficult navigation of their rocky coasts. It took two military campaigns for the Romans to finally subdue them in 177 BC. The region was then called together with the Venetian part the X. Roman Region of "Venetia et Histria", the ancient definition of the northeastern border of Italy. <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> refers to it as well, the eastern border of Italy per ancient definition is the river <i><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1a_(river)" title="Raša (river)">Arsia</a></i>. The eastern side of this river was settled by people whose culture was different from Histrians. Earlier influence of the <a href="/wiki/Iapodes" title="Iapodes">Iapodes</a> was attested there, while at some time between the 4th and 1st century BC the <a href="/wiki/Liburnians" title="Liburnians">Liburnians</a> extended their territory and it became a part of <a href="/wiki/Liburnia" title="Liburnia">Liburnia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the northern side, Histria extended much further north and included the Italian city of Trieste. </p><p>Some scholars speculate that the names Histri and Istria are related to the Latin name Hister, or <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> (especially its lower course). Ancient folktales reported —inaccurately— that the Danube split in two or "bifurcated" and came to the sea near <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> as well as at the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. The story of the "bifurcation of the Danube" is part of the <a href="/wiki/Argonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Argonaut">Argonaut</a> legend. There is also a suspected link (but no historical documentation in support of it) to the commune of <a href="/wiki/Istria,_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Istria, Constanța">Istria</a> in Constanța, Romania which is named after the ancient city <a href="/wiki/Histria_(ancient_city)" title="Histria (ancient city)">Histria</a>, named after River Hister. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, Istria was conquered and occupied by the Goths. Ostrogoth coins were found in Istria, as well as the remains of some buildings. South of <a href="/wiki/Pore%C4%8D" title="Poreč">Poreč</a> there are the remains of the church of Sv. Petar, erected in the 5th century (with a baptistery added later), which reportedly served the Arian eastern Goths ruling Istria.<sup id="cite_ref-sonje_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sonje-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bratoz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bratoz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most notably, the Goths used <a href="/wiki/Istrian_stone" title="Istrian stone">Istrian stone</a> to build their best known monument, the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Theodoric" title="Mausoleum of Theodoric">Mausoleum of Theodoric</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>. In the following centuries, the peninsula was attacked and conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>, often in conjunction with the Slavs, such as in 601.<sup id="cite_ref-coordinamento_adriatico_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coordinamento_adriatico-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the extent to which the Lombards occupied Istria is a matter of debate. After the Goths, Istria became part of the <a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gulfaris" title="Gulfaris">Gulfaris</a>, who served the Byzantines but was of Lombard descent, is reported as its dux in 599.<sup id="cite_ref-catholic_church_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholic_church-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Martyn_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martyn-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a> in 600 wrote to bishop of <a href="/wiki/Salona" title="Salona">Salona</a> Maximus in which he expresses concern about arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>, <i>"Et quidem de Sclavorum gente, quae vobis valde imminet, et affligor vehementer et conturbor. Affligor in his quae jam in vobis patior; conturbor, quia per Istriae aditum jam ad Italiam intrare coeperunt"</i> (And as for the people of the Slavs who are really approaching you, I am very depressed and confused. I am depressed because I sympathize with you, confused because they over the Istria began to enter the Italy).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some ancient reporters, including Pope Gregory, who were unaware of the importance of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> in the Balkans, used the terms "Slavs" to refer to the Avars or the Avaro-Slavs.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, the region was pillaged by the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>, and the Avars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oton_Ivekovic,_Dolazak_Hrvata_na_Jadran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Dolazak_Hrvata_na_Jadran.jpg/220px-Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Dolazak_Hrvata_na_Jadran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Dolazak_Hrvata_na_Jadran.jpg/330px-Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Dolazak_Hrvata_na_Jadran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Dolazak_Hrvata_na_Jadran.jpg/440px-Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Dolazak_Hrvata_na_Jadran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oton_Ivekovi%C4%87" title="Oton Iveković">Oton Iveković</a>, <i>The Croats' arrival at the Adriatic Sea</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/History_of_Istria#Avaro-Slavic_invasions_and_settlement" title="History of Istria">Avaro-Slavic invasion of Istria</a> was recorded in 599. Another major incursion occurred around 600–602, in which all of Istria was devastated with fire and rapine. This was followed by the 611 invasion, the most devastating for the peninsula. It remains unclear when and how the first Slavic settlement occurred. Traces of early Slavic incursions and settlement are scarce.<sup id="cite_ref-Bekic_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekic-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few Avar findings have been discovered on the Istrian territory, chiefly around <a href="/wiki/Nesactium" title="Nesactium">Nesactium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 642 the Slavs were settled in the peninsula, as indicated by the mission of an abbot Martin, sent by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_IV" title="Pope John IV">Pope John IV</a> to rescue captives held by the pagans in Istria and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bekic_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bekic-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the barbaric invasions, the western part of Istria was annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard</a> Kingdom in 751, and then annexed to the Frankish kingdom by <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin of Italy</a> in 789. In 804, the <a href="/wiki/Placitum_of_Riziano" title="Placitum of Riziano">Placitum of Riziano</a> was held in the Parish of Rižan (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Risanum</i>), which was a meeting between the representatives of Istrian towns and castles and the deputies of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and his son Pepin. The report about this judicial diet illustrates the changes accompanying the transfer of power from the Eastern Roman Empire to the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a> and the discontent of the local residents.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afterwards it was successively controlled by the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Carantania" title="Carantania">Carantania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merania" class="mw-redirect" title="Merania">Merania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Aquileia" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Aquileia">patriarch of Aquileia</a>, before it became the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> in 1267. The medieval <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)">Croatian kingdom</a> held only the far eastern part of Istria (the border was near the river <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1a_(river)" title="Raša (river)">Raša</a>), but they lost it to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in the late 11th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Venetian_era">Venetian era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Venetian era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serenissima.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Serenissima.png/1000px-Serenissima.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Serenissima.png/1500px-Serenissima.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Serenissima.png/2000px-Serenissima.png 2x" data-file-width="2171" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption>Map of Istria and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> with the ancient domains of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> (indicated in fuchsia. Dashed diagonally, the territories that belonged occasionally)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manin%27s_abdication.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Manin%27s_abdication.jpg/220px-Manin%27s_abdication.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Manin%27s_abdication.jpg/330px-Manin%27s_abdication.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Manin%27s_abdication.jpg/440px-Manin%27s_abdication.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>A portrait painting the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">fall of the Republic of Venice</a> (1797): the abdication of the last <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Manin" title="Ludovico Manin">Ludovico Manin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1145, the cities of Pula, <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a> rose against the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> but were defeated, and were since further controlled by Venice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 13th century, the Patriarchate's rule weakened and the towns kept surrendering to Venice – <a href="/wiki/Pore%C4%8D" title="Poreč">Poreč</a> in 1267, <a href="/wiki/Umag" title="Umag">Umag</a> in 1269, <a href="/wiki/Novigrad,_Istria_County" title="Novigrad, Istria County">Novigrad</a> in 1270, <a href="/wiki/Sveti_Lovre%C4%8D" title="Sveti Lovreč">Sveti Lovreč</a> in 1271, <a href="/wiki/Motovun" title="Motovun">Motovun</a> in 1278, Kopar in 1279, and <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rovinj" title="Rovinj">Rovinj</a> in 1283.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venice gradually dominated the whole coastal area of western Istria and the area to <a href="/wiki/Plomin" title="Plomin">Plomin</a> on the eastern part of the peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wealthier coastal towns cultivated increasingly strong economic relationships with Venice and by 1348 were eventually incorporated into its territory, while their inland counterparts fell under the sway of the weaker Patriarchate of Aquileia, which became part of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg Empire</a> in 1374. </p><p>On 15 February 1267, Parenzo was formally incorporated with the Venetian state.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other coastal towns followed shortly thereafter. <a href="/wiki/Bajamonte_Tiepolo" title="Bajamonte Tiepolo">Bajamonte Tiepolo</a> was sent away from Venice in 1310, to start a new life in Istria after his downfall. A description of the 16th-century Istria with a precise map was prepared by the Italian geographer <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Coppo" title="Pietro Coppo">Pietro Coppo</a>. A copy of the map inscribed in stone can now be seen in the Pietro Coppo Park in the center of the town of <a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a> in southwestern <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habsburg_Monarchy_(1797–1805)"><span id="Habsburg_Monarchy_.281797.E2.80.931805.29"></span>Habsburg Monarchy (1797–1805)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Habsburg Monarchy (1797–1805)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Inner part of Istria around Mitterburg (<a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazin</a>) had been part of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire_of_the_German_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation">Holy Roman Empire</a> for centuries, and more specifically part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">domains of the Austrian Habsburgs</a> since the 14th century. In 1797, with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a>, the Venetian parts of the peninsula also passed to the Habsburg monarchy which became the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> in 1804.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Napoleonic_era_(1805–1814)"><span id="Napoleonic_era_.281805.E2.80.931814.29"></span>Napoleonic era (1805–1814)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Napoleonic era (1805–1814)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1807KingdomItaly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1807KingdomItaly.jpg/220px-1807KingdomItaly.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1807KingdomItaly.jpg/330px-1807KingdomItaly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1807KingdomItaly.jpg/440px-1807KingdomItaly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy">Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy</a> from 1806 to 1810 included Istria that had belonged to Venice until 1797</figcaption></figure> <p>The French victory of 1809 compelled Austria to cede a portion of its South Slav lands to France. Napoleon combined Istira, <a href="/wiki/Carniola" title="Carniola">Carniola</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Carinthia" title="Carinthia">Carinthia</a>, Gorica (<a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and parts of Croatia, Dalmatia, and Dubrovnik to form the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Code Napoléon was introduced, and roads and schools were constructed. Local citizens were given administrative posts, and native languages were used to conduct official business.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This sparked the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_movement" title="Illyrian movement">Illyrian Movement</a> for the cultural and linguistic unification of South Slavic lands.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, Italian and Slavic communities in Istria had lived peacefully side by side because they did not know the national identification, given that they generically defined themselves as "<a href="/wiki/Istrian_identity" title="Istrian identity">Istrians</a>" of "Romance" or "Slavic" culture.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austrian_Empire_(1814–1918)"><span id="Austrian_Empire_.281814.E2.80.931918.29"></span>Austrian Empire (1814–1918)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Austrian Empire (1814–1918)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism_in_Istria" title="Italian irredentism in Istria">Italian irredentism in Istria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VenetianDalmatia1797.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/VenetianDalmatia1797.jpg/400px-VenetianDalmatia1797.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/VenetianDalmatia1797.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Austrian linguistic map from 1896. In green the areas where <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> were the majority of the population, in orange the areas where <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_Italians" title="Dalmatian Italians">Dalmatian Italians</a> were the majority of the population. The boundaries of <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Dalmatia" title="Venetian Dalmatia">Venetian Dalmatia</a> in 1797 are delimited with blue dots.</figcaption></figure> <p>After this seven-year period, the Austrian Empire regained Istria, which became part of the constituent <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Illyria_(1816%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Illyria (1816–49)">Kingdom of Illyria</a>. This kingdom was broken up in 1849, after which Istria formed part of <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Littoral" title="Austrian Littoral">Austrian Littoral</a>, also known as the "Küstenland", which also included the city of Trieste and the <a href="/wiki/Gorizia_and_Gradisca" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorizia and Gradisca">Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca</a> until 1918. At that time the borders of Istria included part of what is now Italian Venezia-Giulia and parts of modern-day Slovenia and Croatia, but not the city of Trieste. </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a> looked with sympathy towards the <a href="/wiki/Risorgimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a> movement that fought for the unification of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-corsadelricordo_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corsadelricordo-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after the <a href="/wiki/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Third Italian War of Independence">Third Italian War of Independence</a> (1866), when the <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a> regions were ceded by the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrians</a> to the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom Italy</a>, Istria remained part of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>, together with other Italian-speaking areas on the eastern Adriatic. This triggered the gradual rise of <a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italian irredentism</a> among many Italians in Istria, who demanded the unification of Istria with Italy. The Italians in Istria supported the Italian <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Risorgimento</a>: as a consequence, the Austrians saw the Italians as enemies and favored the Slav communities of Istria,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fostering the nascent nationalism of Slovenes and Croats.<sup id="cite_ref-relazione.1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-relazione.1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the meeting of the Council of Ministers of 12 November 1866, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I of Austria</a> outlined a wide-ranging project aimed at the <a href="/wiki/Germanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanization">Germanization</a> or <a href="/wiki/Slavization" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavization">Slavization</a> of the areas of the empire with an Italian presence:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>His Majesty expressed the precise order that action be taken decisively against the influence of the Italian elements still present in some regions of the Crown and, appropriately occupying the posts of public, judicial, masters employees as well as with the influence of the press, work in <a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">South Tyrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Littoral" title="Austrian Littoral">Littoral</a> for the Germanization and Slavization of these territories according to the circumstances, with energy and without any regard. His Majesty calls the central offices to the strong duty to proceed in this way to what has been established.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Franz Joseph I of Austria, Council of the Crown of 12 November 1866<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy_(1919–1947)"><span id="Italy_.281919.E2.80.931947.29"></span>Italy (1919–1947)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Italy (1919–1947)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Italianisation#Istria,_Julian_March_and_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Italianisation">Italianisation § Istria, Julian March and Dalmatia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Foibe_massacres" title="Foibe massacres">Foibe massacres</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Litorale_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Litorale_1.png/290px-Litorale_1.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Litorale_1.png/435px-Litorale_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Litorale_1.png/580px-Litorale_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="2221" /></a><figcaption>Changes to the Italian eastern border from 1920 to 1975. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffff00; color:black;"> </span> The <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Littoral" title="Austrian Littoral">Austrian Littoral</a>, later renamed <a href="/wiki/Julian_March" title="Julian March">Julian March</a>, which was assigned to Italy in 1920 with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rapallo_(1920)" title="Treaty of Rapallo (1920)">Treaty of Rapallo</a> (with adjustments of its border in 1924 after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Rome_(1924)" title="Treaty of Rome (1924)">Treaty of Rome</a>) and which was then ceded to Yugoslavia in 1947 with the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Treaties,_1947" title="Paris Peace Treaties, 1947">Treaty of Paris</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#10FF20; color:black;"> </span> Areas annexed to Italy in 1920 and remained Italian even after 1947</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00fa9a; color:black;"> </span> Areas annexed to Italy in 1920, passed to the <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> in 1947 with the Paris treaties and definitively assigned to Italy in 1975 with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Osimo" title="Treaty of Osimo">Treaty of Osimo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF99; color:black;"> </span> Areas annexed to Italy in 1920, passed to the Free Territory of Trieste in 1947 with the Paris treaties and definitively assigned to Yugoslavia in 1975 with the Osimo treaty</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Although a member of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, Italy remained neutral at the start of WWI, and soon launched secret negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">the Triple Entente</a>, bargaining to participate in the war on its side, in exchange for significant territorial gains.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To get Italy to join the war, the secret <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">1915 Treaty of London</a> the Entente promised Italy Istria and parts of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a>, the Greek <a href="/wiki/Dodecanese_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecanese Islands">Dodecanese Islands</a>, parts of Albania and Turkey, plus more territory for Italy's North Africa colonies. </p><p>After the war, Italy annexed Istria. Istria's political and economic importance declined under Italian rule, and after the fascist takeover of Italy in 1922 the Italian government began a campaign of forced <a href="/wiki/Italianization" title="Italianization">Italianization</a>. In 1926, the use of Slavic languages in schools and government was banned, even Slavic family names were Italianized to suit the fascist authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slavic newspapers and libraries were closed, all Slavic cultural, sporting, business and political associations were banned. As a result, 100,000 Slavic-speakers left Italian-annexed areas in an exodus, moving mostly to Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization <a href="/wiki/TIGR" title="TIGR">TIGR</a>, founded in 1927 by young Slovene liberal nationalists from <a href="/wiki/Gori%C5%A1ka" title="Goriška">Gorizia region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and regarded as the first armed <a href="/wiki/Antifascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Antifascist">antifascist</a> resistance group in Europe<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> soon penetrated into Slovene and Croatian-speaking parts of Istria.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In World War II, Istria became a battleground of competing ethnic and political groups. Istrian nationalist groups which were pro-fascist and pro-Allied and Yugoslav-supported pro-communist groups fought with each other and the Italian army. After the German withdrawal in 1945, Yugoslav partisans gained the upper hand and began a violent purge of real or suspected opponents in an "orgy of revenge".<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SFR_Yugoslavia_(1947–1991)"><span id="SFR_Yugoslavia_.281947.E2.80.931991.29"></span>SFR Yugoslavia (1947–1991)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: SFR Yugoslavia (1947–1991)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Line" title="Morgan Line">Morgan Line</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italians_leave_Pola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Italians_leave_Pola.jpg/220px-Italians_leave_Pola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Italians_leave_Pola.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="212" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a> leave <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a> in 1947 during the <a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Istria was ceded to <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, except for a small part in the northwest corner that formed Zone B of the provisionally independent <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a>; Zone B was under Yugoslav administration and after the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> dissolution of the Free Territory in 1954 it was also incorporated into Yugoslavia. Only the small town of <a href="/wiki/Muggia" title="Muggia">Muggia</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, being part of Zone A remained with Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Pizzi_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pizzi-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The events of the period are visible in <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a>. The city, located on the southernmost tip of the Istrian peninsula, had an <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italian</a> majority. Between December 1946 and September 1947, a large proportion of the city's inhabitants were <a href="/wiki/Istrian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian exodus">forced to emigrate to Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pizzi_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pizzi-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of them left in the immediate aftermath of the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Treaties,_1947" title="Paris Peace Treaties, 1947">Paris Peace Treaty</a> on February 10, 1947 which granted Pula and the greater part of Istria to Yugoslavia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia_(after_1991)"><span id="After_the_breakup_of_Yugoslavia_.28after_1991.29"></span>After the breakup of Yugoslavia (after 1991)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: After the breakup of Yugoslavia (after 1991)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The division of Istria between Croatia and Slovenia runs on the former republic borders, which were not precisely defined in the former Yugoslavia. <a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Slovenia_border_disputes" title="Croatia–Slovenia border disputes">Various points of contention remain unresolved between the two countries</a> regarding the precise line of the border.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It became an international boundary with the independence of both countries from Yugoslavia in 1991. Since <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>'s first multi-party elections in 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Istrian_identity" title="Istrian identity">Istrian regionalist</a> party <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">Istrian Democratic Assembly</a> (IDS-DDI, <i>Istarski demokratski sabor</i> or <i>Dieta democratica istriana</i>) has consistently received a majority of the vote and maintained through the 1990s a position often contrary to the government in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, led by the then nationalistic party <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">Croatian Democratic Union</a> (HDZ, <i>Hrvatska demokratska zajednica</i>), with regards to decentralization in Croatia and certain facets of <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">regional</a> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous entity">autonomy</a>. </p><p>However, that changed in 2000 when the IDS formed with five other parties a left-centre coalition government, led by the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Croatia" title="Social Democratic Party of Croatia">Social Democratic Party of Croatia</a> (SDP, <i>Socijaldemokratska Partija Hrvatske</i>). After the reformed HDZ won the Croatian parliamentary elections in late 2003 and formed a minority government, the IDS has cooperated with the state government on many projects, both local (in <a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria County</a>) and national. Since Slovenia's accession to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>, customs and immigration checks have been abolished at the Italian-Slovenian border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographic_history">Demographic history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region has traditionally been ethnically mixed. Under <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austrian rule</a> in the 19th century it included a large population of <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> as well as some <a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanians" title="Istro-Romanians">Istro-Romanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montenegrins (ethnic group)">Montenegrins</a>; however, official statistics in those times did not show those nationalities as they do today. </p><p>In 1910, the ethnic and linguistic composition was completely mixed. According to the Austrian census results, out of 404,309 inhabitants in Istria, 168,116 (41.6%) spoke <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>, 147,416 (36.5%) spoke <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, 55,365 (13.7%) spoke <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>, 13,279 (3.3%) spoke <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, 882 (0.2%) spoke <a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanian_language" title="Istro-Romanian language">Istro-Romanian</a>, 2,116 (0.5%) spoke other languages, and 17,135 (4.2%) were non-citizens, which had not been asked for their language of communication. During the last decades of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> dynasty the coast of Istria profited from tourism within the Empire. Generally speaking, Italians lived on the western coast and in the inland cities of northern Istria, while Croats lived on the eastern coast and in the eastern and southeastern inland parts of the countryside. </p><p>In the second half of the 19th century a clash of new <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideological</a> movements, <a href="/wiki/Italian_irredentism" title="Italian irredentism">Italian irredentism</a> (which claimed Trieste and Istria), Slovene <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, and Croatian nationalism (developing individual identities in some quarters while seeking to unite in a Southern Slav identity in others) resulted in growing ethnic conflict between Italians on one side and Slovenes and Croats on the other side. This was intertwined with class conflict, as inhabitants of Istrian towns were mostly Italian, while <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> largely lived out in the eastern countryside. </p><p>The Croatian word for the Istrians is <i>Istrani</i>, or <i>Istrijani</i>, the latter being in the local <a href="/wiki/Chakavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakavian dialect">Chakavian dialect</a>. The term <i>Istrani</i> is also used in Slovenia. The Italian word for the Istrians is <i>Istriani</i> and today the Italian minority is organized in many towns.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Istrian county in Croatia is bilingual, as are large parts of Slovenian Istria. Every citizen has the right to speak either Italian or Croatian (Slovene in Slovenian Istria and Italian in the town of Koper/Capodistria, Piran/Pirano, Portorož/Portorose, and Izola/Isola d'Istria) in public administration or in court. Furthermore, Istria is a supranational European Region that includes Italian, Slovenian and Croatian Istria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Istria_census_1910.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Istria_census_1910.PNG/190px-Istria_census_1910.PNG" decoding="async" width="190" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Istria_census_1910.PNG/285px-Istria_census_1910.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Istria_census_1910.PNG/380px-Istria_census_1910.PNG 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption>Percentage of people who used Italian as a "language of daily use" in Istria (<a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a>) in 1910<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>There are some claims, <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a> were more than 50% of the total population of Istria for centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while making up about a third of the population in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its strategic position at the southern tip of the peninsula and good harbor Pula was the primary base of the Austrian Navy. </p><p>A limited tension with the Austrian state did not in fact stop the rise of the use of the Italian language, in the second part of the 19th century, when the population of predominantly Italian-speaking towns in Istria had a significant rise: in the part of Istria that eventually became part of Croatia, the first Austrian census from 1846 found 34 thousand Italian speakers, alongside 120 thousand Croatian speakers (in the Austrian censuses, the ethnic composition of the population was not surveyed, only the main "language of use" of a person). By 1910, the proportion changed significantly: there were 108 thousand Italian speakers and 134 thousand Croatian speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanni D'Alessio notes (2008), the Austrian surveys of the language of use "overestimated the diffusion of the socially dominant languages of the empire... The capacity of assimilation of the Italian language suggests that amongst those who declared themselves Italian speakers in Istria, there were people whose mother tongue was different." D'Alessio notes even members of the Austrian state bureaucracy and the members of their families with the German mother tongue tended to use Italian, after living in Istrian small towns long enough. The Poles, Czechs and Slovenes and Croats tended to join the "Slav" social group.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Discussions about Istrian ethnicity often use the words "Italian", "Croatian", and "Slovene" to describe the character of the Istrian people. However these terms are best understood as "national affiliations" that may exist in combination with or independently of linguistic, cultural and historical attributes. In the Istrian context, for example, the word "Italian" can just as easily refer to <a href="/wiki/Autochthonous_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Autochthonous language">autochthonous</a> speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian language</a> whose antecedents in the region extend before the inception of the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Republic">Venetian Republic</a> or to the <a href="/wiki/Istriot_language" title="Istriot language">Istriot language</a> the oldest spoken language in Istria, dated back to the Romans, today spoken in the southwest of Istria. It can also refer to Istrian Croats who adopted the veneer of <a href="/wiki/Italian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian culture">Italian culture</a> as they moved from rural to urban areas, or from the farms into the bourgeoisie. </p><p>Similarly, national powers claim Istrian Croats according to local language, so that speakers of <a href="/wiki/Chakavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakavian dialect">Čakavian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shtokavian dialect">Štokavian</a> dialects of <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> are considered to be Croatians while speakers of other dialects may be considered to be Slovene. Croatian dialect speakers are descendants of the refugees of the Turkish invasion and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Eyalet" title="Bosnia Eyalet">Bosnia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> in the 16th century. </p><p>The government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> had settled them in Inner Istria, which had been devastated by wars and plague. As with other regions, the local dialects of the Croatian communities vary greatly across close distances. The Istrian Croatian and Italian vernaculars had both developed for many generations before being divided as they are today. This meant that Croats/Slovenes on the one side and Venetians/other Italians on the other side yielded to each other culturally while simultaneously distancing themselves from members of their ethnic groups living farther away. </p><p>Another important Istrian community are the <a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanians" title="Istro-Romanians">Istro-Romanians</a> in the south and north of the Učka mountain range of Istria. A small <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> community, which until the late 19th century spoke the <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Albanian" title="Istrian Albanian">Istrian Albanian</a> dialect is also present in the peninsula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Austro-Hungarian_census">Austro-Hungarian census</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Austro-Hungarian census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Austro-Hungarian censuses, which recorded language instead of ethnicity, the composition of Istria (i.e. the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria#Habsburg_Margraviate" title="March of Istria">Habsburg Margraviate of Istria)</a> was as follows (in thousands): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>1846<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>1890<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>1910<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Croatian</td> <td>122 (56.7%)</td> <td>123 (42.4%)</td> <td>168 (43.5%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italian</td> <td>59 (27.4%)</td> <td>111 (38.3%)</td> <td>148 (38.1%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovenian</td> <td>32 (14.9%)</td> <td>41 (14.1%)</td> <td>55 (14.3%) </td></tr> <tr> <td>German</td> <td>n.a.</td> <td>15 (5.2%)</td> <td>13 (3.3%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recent_census">Recent census</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Recent census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2001 population census in Croatia counted 23 languages spoken by the people of Istria.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021 Census show that 76.40% are Croats, Italians were 5.01%, 2.96% were Serbs, 2.48% Bosniaks, 1.05% were Albanians, while regionally declared were 5.13%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The data for Slovenian Istria is not as neatly organized, but the 2002 Slovenian census indicates that the four Istrian municipalities (<a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a>/Isola d'Istria, <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a>/Pirano, <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a>/Capodistria, Ankaran/Ancarano) had a total of 56,482 Slovenes, 6,426 Croats, and 2,800 Italians.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The small town of <a href="/wiki/Peroj" title="Peroj">Peroj</a> has had a unique history which exemplifies the multi-ethnic complexity of the history of the region, as do some villages on both sides of the Učka that are still identified with the Istro-Romanian people which the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> Redbook of Endangered Languages calls "the smallest ethnic group in Europe".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_cuisine">Culture and cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Culture and cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jota_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Jota_02.JPG/220px-Jota_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Jota_02.JPG/330px-Jota_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Jota_02.JPG/440px-Jota_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Istrian_stew" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian stew">Istrian stew</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boris_Mileti%C4%87.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Boris_Mileti%C4%87.JPG/220px-Boris_Mileti%C4%87.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Boris_Mileti%C4%87.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boris_Mileti%C4%87" title="Boris Miletić">Boris Miletić</a>, a supporter of a greater autonomy of Istria within a more <a href="/wiki/Decentralized" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized">decentralized</a> Croatia</figcaption></figure> <p>The cuisine of Istria is influenced by <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian cuisine</a>, given the historical presence of local ethnic Italians (<a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a>), influence that has eased after the <a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-istriana_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-istriana-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the influence of Italian cuisine on Croatian dishes can be seen in the <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">pršut</i></span> (similar to Italian <a href="/wiki/Prosciutto" title="Prosciutto">prosciutto</a>) and on the preparation of homemade pasta.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional dishes of Italian origin also include gnocchi (<i>njoki</i>), risotto (<i>rižot</i>), focaccia (<i>pogača</i>), polenta (<i>palenta</i>), and <i><a href="/wiki/Brudet" title="Brudet">brudet</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slovenian dishes of Italian origin are <span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">njoki</i></span> (similar to Italian <a href="/wiki/Gnocchi" title="Gnocchi">gnocchi</a>), <span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">rizota</i></span> (the Slovenian version of <a href="/wiki/Risotto" title="Risotto">risotto</a>) and <span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">zilkrofi</i></span> (similar to Italian <a href="/wiki/Ravioli" title="Ravioli">ravioli</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Istrian_stew" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian stew">Istrian stew</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Jota</i>; <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Istarska jota</i>; <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: <i lang="sl">Jota</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soup</a> made with <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a> or sour <a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spare_ribs" title="Spare ribs">spare ribs</a>, known in the northern <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a> regions.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the name <i>jota,</i> it is typical and especially popular in <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> and its province (where it is considered to be the prime example of Triestine food), in the Istrian peninsula, in the province of <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a>, in the whole <a href="/wiki/Slovene_Littoral" title="Slovene Littoral">Slovenian Littoral</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> area, and in <a href="/wiki/Friuli" title="Friuli">Friuli</a>, especially in some of its peripheral areas (the highland region of <a href="/wiki/Carnia" title="Carnia">Carnia</a>, the Torre and Natisone river valleys, or <a href="/wiki/Slavia_Friulana" title="Slavia Friulana">Slavia Veneta</a>). The stew, based on etymology, most likely originated in Friuli before spreading east and south. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Istrian_identity" title="Istrian identity">Istrian identity</a>, also known as Istrianity,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istrianism<sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Istrianness,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">regionalist</a> identity developed by the inhabitants of the part of Istria located in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>. Istria is the biggest peninsula in the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> and a multiethnic region divided between Croatia, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> live in both the Italian and Slovene parts (which make up 1% and 9% of the territory of Istria, respectively), while in the Croatian part (90% of the region), there are <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, Italians, <a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanians" title="Istro-Romanians">Istro-Romanians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Istriot_language" title="Istriot language">Istriot</a>-speakers, as well as some non-native minorities. Most of Croatian Istria is located in the <a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria County</a> of the country. Istria is the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Croatia" title="Regions of Croatia">region of Croatia</a> where regionalist sentiment is the strongest.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Croatian_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Croatian census">2011 Croatian census</a>, 25,203<sup id="cite_ref-:2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people of the Istria County, constituting 12% of its population, declared themselves to be Istrian before any other nationality, making it the most abundant one in the county after Croatian. People also declared an Istrian identity in the <a href="/wiki/Primorje-Gorski_Kotar_County" title="Primorje-Gorski Kotar County">Primorje-Gorski Kotar County</a>, the county where the rest of Croatian Istria is located,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> therefore making the number of people declaring an Istrian identity in Croatia a total of 25,409.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these people in these counties were ethnic Croats, but there were also Istro-Romanians declaring themselves as Istrian.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, the <a href="/wiki/2021_Croatian_census" title="2021 Croatian census">2021 Croatian census</a> saw a decrease on Istrian self-designation, as 10,025 inhabitants of the Istria County used it.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been proposed that Istria gain greater autonomy within a more <a href="/wiki/Decentralized" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralized">decentralized</a> Croatia. Examples of supporters of this include several members of the <a href="/wiki/Istrian_Democratic_Assembly" title="Istrian Democratic Assembly">Istrian Democratic Assembly</a> (IDS), such as its former president <a href="/wiki/Boris_Mileti%C4%87" title="Boris Miletić">Boris Miletić</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the IDS deputy Emil Daus.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Image gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pula-avion.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial picture of Pula (Pola), Croatia"><img alt="Aerial picture of Pula (Pola), Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pula-avion.JPG/120px-Pula-avion.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pula-avion.JPG/180px-Pula-avion.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pula-avion.JPG/240px-Pula-avion.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial picture of <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a> (<i>Pola</i>), Croatia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porec_IMG_8602_city_hall_at_marshal_tito_street.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The promenade of Poreč (Parenzo), Croatia"><img alt="The promenade of Poreč (Parenzo), Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Porec_IMG_8602_city_hall_at_marshal_tito_street.jpg/120px-Porec_IMG_8602_city_hall_at_marshal_tito_street.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Porec_IMG_8602_city_hall_at_marshal_tito_street.jpg/180px-Porec_IMG_8602_city_hall_at_marshal_tito_street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Porec_IMG_8602_city_hall_at_marshal_tito_street.jpg/240px-Porec_IMG_8602_city_hall_at_marshal_tito_street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5099" data-file-height="2746" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The promenade of <a href="/wiki/Pore%C4%8D" title="Poreč">Poreč</a> (<i>Parenzo</i>), Croatia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rovinj_Sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunset in Rovinj (Rovigno), Croatia"><img alt="Sunset in Rovinj (Rovigno), Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rovinj_Sunrise.jpg/120px-Rovinj_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rovinj_Sunrise.jpg/180px-Rovinj_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Rovinj_Sunrise.jpg/240px-Rovinj_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sunset in <a href="/wiki/Rovinj" title="Rovinj">Rovinj</a> (<i>Rovigno</i>), Croatia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Motovun_%E2%80%93_General_view_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Motovun (Montona) Hill, Croatia"><img alt="The Motovun (Montona) Hill, Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Motovun_%E2%80%93_General_view_-_01.jpg/120px-Motovun_%E2%80%93_General_view_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Motovun_%E2%80%93_General_view_-_01.jpg/180px-Motovun_%E2%80%93_General_view_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Motovun_%E2%80%93_General_view_-_01.jpg/240px-Motovun_%E2%80%93_General_view_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Motovun" title="Motovun">Motovun</a> (<i>Montona</i>) Hill, Croatia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lim_fjord.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lim canal (fjord), Croatia"><img alt="Lim canal (fjord), Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lim_fjord.jpg/120px-Lim_fjord.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lim_fjord.jpg/180px-Lim_fjord.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lim_fjord.jpg/240px-Lim_fjord.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lim_(Croatia)" title="Lim (Croatia)">Lim</a> canal (fjord), Croatia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koper-St,-Pr%C3%A4torenpalast-(280711).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Praetorian Palace in Koper (Capodistria), Slovenia"><img alt="The Praetorian Palace in Koper (Capodistria), Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Koper-St%2C-Pr%C3%A4torenpalast-%28280711%29.jpg/120px-Koper-St%2C-Pr%C3%A4torenpalast-%28280711%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Koper-St%2C-Pr%C3%A4torenpalast-%28280711%29.jpg/180px-Koper-St%2C-Pr%C3%A4torenpalast-%28280711%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Koper-St%2C-Pr%C3%A4torenpalast-%28280711%29.jpg/240px-Koper-St%2C-Pr%C3%A4torenpalast-%28280711%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_Palace" title="Praetorian Palace">Praetorian Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a> (<i>Capodistria</i>), Slovenia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piran_old_town.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old town of Piran (Pirano), (Slovenia)"><img alt="Old town of Piran (Pirano), (Slovenia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Piran_old_town.jpg/120px-Piran_old_town.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Piran_old_town.jpg/180px-Piran_old_town.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Piran_old_town.jpg/240px-Piran_old_town.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5803" data-file-height="3869" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old town of <a href="/wiki/Piran" title="Piran">Piran</a> (<i>Pirano</i>), (Slovenia)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muggia_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Muggia, Italy"><img alt="Muggia, Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Muggia_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Muggia_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Muggia_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Muggia_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Muggia_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Muggia_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Muggia" title="Muggia">Muggia</a>, Italy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Istarska_narodna_no%C5%A1nja.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional folk costume of Istrian Croats"><img alt="Traditional folk costume of Istrian Croats" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Istarska_narodna_no%C5%A1nja.2.jpg/120px-Istarska_narodna_no%C5%A1nja.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Istarska_narodna_no%C5%A1nja.2.jpg/180px-Istarska_narodna_no%C5%A1nja.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Istarska_narodna_no%C5%A1nja.2.jpg/240px-Istarska_narodna_no%C5%A1nja.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional folk costume of Istrian Croats</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyards_of_Istria_(Croatia).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vineyards of Istria"><img alt="Vineyards of Istria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vineyards_of_Istria_%28Croatia%29.jpg/120px-Vineyards_of_Istria_%28Croatia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vineyards_of_Istria_%28Croatia%29.jpg/180px-Vineyards_of_Istria_%28Croatia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Vineyards_of_Istria_%28Croatia%29.jpg/240px-Vineyards_of_Istria_%28Croatia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4144" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vineyards of Istria</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_towns_and_municipalities_of_Istria">Major towns and municipalities of Istria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Major towns and municipalities of Istria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This list includes towns and municipalities of Istria with populations estimated to be higher than 8,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koper" title="Koper">Koper</a>/Capodistria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a>/Pola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pore%C4%8D" title="Poreč">Poreč</a>/Parenzo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovinj" title="Rovinj">Rovinj</a>/Rovigno</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izola" title="Izola">Izola</a>/Isola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umag" title="Umag">Umag</a>/Umago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muggia" title="Muggia">Muggia</a>/Milje</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labin" title="Labin">Labin</a>/Albona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazin</a>/Pisino</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castellieri_culture" title="Castellieri culture">Castellieri culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Istrians" title="List of Istrians">List of Istrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">March of Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian_exodus" title="Istrian–Dalmatian exodus">Istrian–Dalmatian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrian_Italians" title="Istrian Italians">Istrian Italians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Histriae" title="Acta Histriae">Acta Histriae</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pope-Neubauer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pope-Neubauer_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pope-Neubauer_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5pAwqsSyTlsC&pg=PA364"><i>History of the literary cultures of East-Central Europe: junctures and disjunctures in the 19th And 20th Centuries</i></a>, John Benjamins Publishing Co. (2006), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-272-3453-1" title="Special:BookSources/90-272-3453-1">90-272-3453-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Day-East-Thomas-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Day-East-Thomas_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Day-East-Thomas_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan John Day, Roger East, Richard Thomas, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dt2TXexiKTgC&pg=PA280"><i>A political and economic dictionary of Eastern Europe</i></a>, Routledge, 1<sup>sr</sup> ed. (2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85743-063-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85743-063-8">1-85743-063-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istra-istria.hr/en/region-of-istria/general-information/geographic-data/">"Geographic data"</a>. <i>www.istra-istria.hr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.istra-istria.hr&rft.atitle=Geographic+data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istra-istria.hr%2Fen%2Fregion-of-istria%2Fgeneral-information%2Fgeographic-data%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIstria2021" class="citation web cs1">Istria, Croatia (2021-05-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://croatia-istria.net/istria/istria/">"Istria"</a>. <i>National Park Brijuni Excursions</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Brijuni+Excursions&rft.atitle=Istria&rft.date=2021-05-18&rft.aulast=Istria&rft.aufirst=Croatia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcroatia-istria.net%2Fistria%2Fistria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrpelje-kozina.si/cms/index.php">Hrpelje-Kozina municipal site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218113855/http://www.hrpelje-kozina.si/cms/index.php">Archived</a> 2008-12-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonhard Schmitz, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amanualancientg00schmgoog/page/n142"><i>A manual of ancient geography</i></a>, pg. 131, The British Library (2010), ISBN B003MNGWVI</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=istria-geo">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Istria</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-19807-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-19807-5">0-631-19807-5</a>, page 183,"... We may begin with the Venetic peoples, Veneti, Carni, Histri and Liburni, whose language set them apart from the rest of the Illyrians...."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Blečić, Prilog poznavanju antičke Tarsatike, VAMZ, 3.s., XXXIV 65-122 (2001), UDK 904:72.032 (3:497.5), pages 70, 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sonje-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sonje_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠonje" class="citation book cs1">Šonje, Ante. <i>Crkvena arhitektura (L'architettura sacra)</i>. pp. 45–49, 217, 270.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crkvena+arhitektura+%28L%27architettura+sacra%29&rft.pages=45-49%2C+217%2C+270&rft.aulast=%C5%A0onje&rft.aufirst=Ante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bratoz-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bratoz_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBratož1989" class="citation book cs1">Bratož, Rajko (1989). <i>The development of the early Christian research in Slovenia and Istria between 1976 and 1986 [article] Lyon, Vienne, Grenoble, Genève, Aoste, 21-28 septembre 1986</i>. Publications de l'École Française de Rome. p. 2370.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+development+of+the+early+Christian+research+in+Slovenia+and+Istria+between+1976+and+1986+%5Barticle%5D+Lyon%2C+Vienne%2C+Grenoble%2C+Gen%C3%A8ve%2C+Aoste%2C+21-28+septembre+1986&rft.pages=2370&rft.pub=Publications+de+l%27%C3%89cole+Fran%C3%A7aise+de+Rome&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Brato%C5%BE&rft.aufirst=Rajko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coordinamento_adriatico-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coordinamento_adriatico_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMengoli2016" class="citation web cs1">Mengoli, Liliana Martissa (7 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coordinamentoadriatico.it/alto-medioevo/">"Alto Medioevo"</a>. <i>Coordinamento Adriatico</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210311151446/http://www.coordinamentoadriatico.it/alto-medioevo/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coordinamento+Adriatico&rft.atitle=Alto+Medioevo&rft.date=2016-03-07&rft.aulast=Mengoli&rft.aufirst=Liliana+Martissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coordinamentoadriatico.it%2Falto-medioevo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-catholic_church-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-catholic_church_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/fathers/view.cfm?recnum=3726">"Gregory's letter to Gulfaris at Catholic Culture"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gregory%27s+letter+to+Gulfaris+at+Catholic+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicculture.org%2Fculture%2Flibrary%2Ffathers%2Fview.cfm%3Frecnum%3D3726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martyn-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Martyn_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartyn2012" class="citation book cs1">Martyn, John R. C (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6wFPAgAAQBAJ"><i>Pope Gregory's Letter-Bearers: A Study of the Men and Women who carried letters for Pope Gregory the Great</i></a>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-443-83918-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-443-83918-1"><bdi>978-1-443-83918-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pope+Gregory%27s+Letter-Bearers%3A+A+Study+of+the+Men+and+Women+who+carried+letters+for+Pope+Gregory+the+Great&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-443-83918-1&rft.aulast=Martyn&rft.aufirst=John+R.+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6wFPAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Željko Rapanić; (2013) O početcima i nastajanju Dubrovnika (The origin and formation of Dubrovnik. additional considerations) p. 94; Starohrvatska prosvjeta, Vol. III No. 40, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=241899">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2001" class="citation book cs1">Curta, Florin (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rcFGhCVs0sYC&pg=PA50"><i>The Making of the Slavs History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, C.500–700</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139428880" title="Special:BookSources/9781139428880"><bdi>9781139428880</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Slavs+History+and+Archaeology+of+the+Lower+Danube+Region%2C+C.500%E2%80%93700&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781139428880&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrcFGhCVs0sYC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bekic-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bekic_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bekic_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekic2016" class="citation book cs1">Bekic, Luka (2016). <i>The Early Medieval Between Pannonia and the Adriatic</i>. Archaeological Museum of Istria. pp. 1–301.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Between+Pannonia+and+the+Adriatic&rft.pages=1-301&rft.pub=Archaeological+Museum+of+Istria&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Bekic&rft.aufirst=Luka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠtih2010" class="citation book cs1">Štih, Peter (2010). <i>The Middle Ages Between the Eastern Alps and the Northern Adriatic</i>. Brill. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004187702" title="Special:BookSources/9789004187702"><bdi>9789004187702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+Ages+Between+the+Eastern+Alps+and+the+Northern+Adriatic&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789004187702&rft.aulast=%C5%A0tih&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegic" class="citation news cs1">Begic, Vanesa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glasistre.hr/izlozbe/avari-i-slaveni-juzno-od-drave-vitrina-s-dva-avarska-predmeta-iz-arheoloskog-muzeja-istre-736459">"AVARI I SLAVENI JUŽNO OD DRAVE: Vitrina s dva avarska predmeta iz Arheološkog muzeja Istre"</a>. Glas Istre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AVARI+I+SLAVENI+JU%C5%BDNO+OD+DRAVE%3A+Vitrina+s+dva+avarska+predmeta+iz+Arheolo%C5%A1kog+muzeja+Istre&rft.aulast=Begic&rft.aufirst=Vanesa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glasistre.hr%2Fizlozbe%2Favari-i-slaveni-juzno-od-drave-vitrina-s-dva-avarska-predmeta-iz-arheoloskog-muzeja-istre-736459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOto_Luthar2008" class="citation book cs1">Oto Luthar, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G9tDboBJ70EC&pg=PA100"><i>The land between: a history of Slovenia</i></a>. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-631-57011-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-631-57011-1"><bdi>978-3-631-57011-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+land+between%3A+a+history+of+Slovenia&rft.place=Frankfurt+am+Main&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-631-57011-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG9tDboBJ70EC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIstra-Istria.hrVARIOUS_RULERS_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIstra-Istria.hr">Istra-Istria.hr</a>, VARIOUS RULERS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Mason Neale, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notese00neal/page/76"><i>Notes Ecclesiological & Picturesque on Dalmatia, Croatia, Istria, Styria, with a visit to Montenegro</i></a>, pg. 76, J.T. Hayes - London (1861)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revitas.org/en/tourist-itineraries/historic-urban-cores/izola,18/izola,63.html">"Historic Urban Cores: Izola"</a>. REVITAS – Revitalisation of the Istrian hinterland and tourism in the Istrian hinterland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024533/http://revitas.org/en/tourist-itineraries/historic-urban-cores/izola,18/izola,63.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Urban+Cores%3A+Izola&rft.pub=REVITAS+%E2%80%93+Revitalisation+of+the+Istrian+hinterland+and+tourism+in+the+Istrian+hinterland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevitas.org%2Fen%2Ftourist-itineraries%2Fhistoric-urban-cores%2Fizola%2C18%2Fizola%2C63.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephens, Henry Morse (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KDi0lUH_lWYC&pg=PA192"><i>Revolutionary Europe, 1789–1815</i></a>, BiblioLife. p. 192. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-559-25438-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-559-25438-5">0-559-25438-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Illyrian-Provinces">"Illyrian Provinces | historical region, Europe | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Illyrian+Provinces+%7C+historical+region%2C+Europe+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIllyrian-Provinces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222025553/https://xoom.virgilio.it/jump.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"L'Adriatico orientale e la sterile ricerca delle nazionalità delle persone" di Kristijan Knez; La Voce del Popolo (quotidiano di Fiume) del 2/10/2002"</a> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/articoligiornali/artadriatico.htm">the original</a> on 22 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22L%27Adriatico+orientale+e+la+sterile+ricerca+delle+nazionalit%C3%A0+delle+persone%22+di+Kristijan+Knez%3B+La+Voce+del+Popolo+%28quotidiano+di+Fiume%29+del+2%2F10%2F2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxoomer.alice.it%2Fhistria%2Fstoriaecultura%2Ftestiedocumenti%2Farticoligiornali%2Fartadriatico.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corsadelricordo-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-corsadelricordo_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corsadelricordo.it/la-storia">"Trieste, Istria, Fiume e Dalmazia: una terra contesa"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trieste%2C+Istria%2C+Fiume+e+Dalmazia%3A+una+terra+contesa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corsadelricordo.it%2Fla-storia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Die Protokolle des Österreichischen Ministerrates 1848/1867. V Abteilung: Die Ministerien Rainer und Mensdorff. VI Abteilung: Das Ministerium Belcredi</i>, Wien, Österreichischer Bundesverlag für Unterricht, Wissenschaft und Kunst 1971</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-relazione.1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-relazione.1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Relazione della Commissione storico-culturale italo-slovena, Relazioni italo-slovene 1880-1956, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kozina.com/premik/porita2.htm">"Capitolo 1980-1918"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313025027/http://www.kozina.com/premik/porita2.htm">Archived</a> 13 March 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Capodistria, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Die Protokolle des Österreichischen Ministerrates 1848/1867. V Abteilung: Die Ministerien Rainer und Mensdorff. VI Abteilung: Das Ministerium Belcredi</i>, Wien, Österreichischer Bundesverlag für Unterricht, Wissenschaft und Kunst 1971, vol. 2, p. 297. Citazione completa della fonte e traduzione in Luciano Monzali, <i>Italiani di Dalmazia. Dal Risorgimento alla Grande Guerra</i>, Le Lettere, Firenze 2004, p. 69.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJürgen_Baurmann,_Hartmut_Gunther_and_Ulrich_Knoop1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jürgen Baurmann, Hartmut Gunther and Ulrich Knoop (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l3tCTXoeAysC&pg=279"><i>Homo scribens: Perspektiven der Schriftlichkeitsforschung</i></a> (in German). Walter de Gruyter. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3484311347" title="Special:BookSources/3484311347"><bdi>3484311347</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Homo+scribens%3A+Perspektiven+der+Schriftlichkeitsforschung&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=3484311347&rft.au=J%C3%BCrgen+Baurmann%2C+Hartmut+Gunther+and+Ulrich+Knoop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl3tCTXoeAysC%26pg%3D279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCattaruzza2011" class="citation journal cs1">Cattaruzza, Marina (2011). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26265925">"The Making and Remaking of a Boundary – the Redrafting of the Eastern Border of Italy after the two World Wars"</a></span>. <i>Journal of Modern European History / Zeitschrift für moderne europäische Geschichte / Revue d'histoire européenne contemporaine</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 66–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17104%2F1611-8944_2011_1_66">10.17104/1611-8944_2011_1_66</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1611-8944">1611-8944</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26265925">26265925</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145685085">145685085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+European+History+%2F+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+moderne+europ%C3%A4ische+Geschichte+%2F+Revue+d%27histoire+europ%C3%A9enne+contemporaine&rft.atitle=The+Making+and+Remaking+of+a+Boundary+%E2%80%93+the+Redrafting+of+the+Eastern+Border+of+Italy+after+the+two+World+Wars&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-86&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1611-8944&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145685085%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26265925%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17104%2F1611-8944_2011_1_66&rft.aulast=Cattaruzza&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26265925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minahan-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minahan_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2000" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (2000). <i>One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 340–341. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313309847" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313309847"><bdi>978-0313309847</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Europe%2C+Many+Nations%3A+A+Historical+Dictionary+of+European+National+Groups&rft.pages=340-341&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0313309847&rft.aulast=Minahan&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-JQ6XF18D">"dLib.si - Izseljevanje iz Primorske med obema vojnama"</a>. <i>www.dlib.si</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dlib.si&rft.atitle=dLib.si+-+Izseljevanje+iz+Primorske+med+obema+vojnama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlib.si%2Fdetails%2FURN%3ANBN%3ASI%3ADOC-JQ6XF18D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_President_of_the_Republic_of_Slovenia2010" class="citation web cs1">Office of the President of the Republic of Slovenia (5 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukom.gov.si/en/news/newsletter_slovenia_news/news/article/391/1482/ea264064ed/?tx_ttnews%5Bnewsletter%5D=58">"President Hails Heroism of Slovenian WWII Patriots"</a>. Government Communication Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Hails+Heroism+of+Slovenian+WWII+Patriots&rft.pub=Government+Communication+Office&rft.date=2010-05-05&rft.au=Office+of+the+President+of+the+Republic+of+Slovenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukom.gov.si%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fnewsletter_slovenia_news%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F391%2F1482%2Fea264064ed%2F%3Ftx_ttnews%255Bnewsletter%255D%3D58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawson2013" class="citation book cs1">Rawson, Andrew (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ePgSDQAAQBAJ"><i>Organizing Victory: The War Conferences 1941–1945</i></a>. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780752489254" title="Special:BookSources/9780752489254"><bdi>9780752489254</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organizing+Victory%3A+The+War+Conferences+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%2C+UK&rft.pub=History+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780752489254&rft.aulast=Rawson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DePgSDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pizzi-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pizzi_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pizzi_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Katia Pizzi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-bGYecgxhusC&pg=PA25"><i>A city in search of an author: the literacy identity of Trieste</i></a>, pg. 23, Sheffield Academic Press (2002), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84127-284-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84127-284-1">1-84127-284-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julio Aramberri, Richard Butler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0qW5phGiLNUC&pg=PA195"><i>Tourism Development</i>, pg. 195</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see also Census 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unione-italiana.hr">Italian Istria infosite</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009105737/http://www.unione-italiana.hr/">Archived</a> 2014-10-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, unione-italiana.hr; accessed 4 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein-Pejšová2015" class="citation book cs1">Klein-Pejšová, Rebekah (12 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=reDuBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52"><i>Mapping Jewish Loyalties in Interwar Slovakia</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253015624" title="Special:BookSources/9780253015624"><bdi>9780253015624</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mapping+Jewish+Loyalties+in+Interwar+Slovakia&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2015-02-12&rft.isbn=9780253015624&rft.aulast=Klein-Pej%C5%A1ov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Rebekah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DreDuBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iemed.org/publication/istrian-spring/">"Istrian Spring"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Istrian+Spring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iemed.org%2Fpublication%2Fistrian-spring%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Istria"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Istria">"Istria" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 886–887.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Istria&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=886-887&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽerjavić2008" class="citation journal cs1">Žerjavić, Vladimir (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/52845">"DOSELJAVANJA I ISELJAVANJA S PODRUČJA ISTRE, RIJEKE I ZADRA U RAZDOBLJU 1910-1971"</a>. <i>Journal of Modern Italian Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 237–258.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+Italian+Studies&rft.atitle=DOSELJAVANJA+I+ISELJAVANJA+S+PODRU%C4%8CJA+ISTRE%2C+RIJEKE+I+ZADRA+U+RAZDOBLJU+1910-1971.&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=237-258&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Fclanak%2F52845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Alessio2008" class="citation journal cs1">D'Alessio, Vanni (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1265458">"From Central Europe to the northern Adriatic: Habsburg citizens between Italians and Croats in Istria"</a>. <i>Journal of Modern Italian Studies</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 237–258. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13545710802010990">10.1080/13545710802010990</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145797119">145797119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+Italian+Studies&rft.atitle=From+Central+Europe+to+the+northern+Adriatic%3A+Habsburg+citizens+between+Italians+and+Croats+in+Istria&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=237-258&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13545710802010990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145797119%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=D%27Alessio&rft.aufirst=Vanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1265458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽerjavić1993" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Žerjavić, Vladimir (1993-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/33185">"DOSELJAVANJA I ISELJAVANJA S PODRUČJA ISTRE, RIJEKE I ZADRA U RAZDOBLJU 1910-1971"</a>. <i>Društvena istraživanja: časopis za opća društvena pitanja</i> (in Croatian). <b>2</b> (4-5 (6-7)): 649. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1330-0288">1330-0288</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dru%C5%A1tvena+istra%C5%BEivanja%3A+%C4%8Dasopis+za+op%C4%87a+dru%C5%A1tvena+pitanja&rft.atitle=DOSELJAVANJA+I+ISELJAVANJA+S+PODRU%C4%8CJA+ISTRE%2C+RIJEKE+I+ZADRA+U+RAZDOBLJU+1910-1971.&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4-5+%286-7%29&rft.pages=649&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.issn=1330-0288&rft.aulast=%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F33185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130529164005/http://www.omm1910.hu/?%2Fde%2Fdatenbank">"Spezialortsrepertorium der österreichischen Länder I-XII, Wien, 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omm1910.hu/?%2Fde%2Fdatenbank">the original</a> on 2013-05-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spezialortsrepertorium+der+%C3%B6sterreichischen+L%C3%A4nder+I-XII%2C+Wien%2C+1915%E2%80%931919&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omm1910.hu%2F%3F%252Fde%252Fdatenbank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istrianet.org/istria/demography/2001_tongues.htm">"Istria on the Internet – Demography – 2001 Census"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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I piatti della cucina della Croazia"</a> (in Italian). 19 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126200437/https://www.guide-europe.info/cucina-croata/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+sopravvissuti%3A+i+10+gioielli+della+cucina+istriana&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lacucinaitaliana.it%2Fnews%2Fin-primo-piano%2Fcucina-triestina-istriana-e-dalmata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanetitalia.it/articoli/cucina-del-mondo/assaporate-il-cibo-dell-istria-il-paradiso-gastronomico-della-croazia">"Assaporate il cibo dell'Istria: il paradiso gastronomico della Croazia"</a> (in Italian). 21 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202151028/https://www.lonelyplanetitalia.it/articoli/cucina-del-mondo/assaporate-il-cibo-dell-istria-il-paradiso-gastronomico-della-croazia">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assaporate+il+cibo+dell%27Istria%3A+il+paradiso+gastronomico+della+Croazia&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanetitalia.it%2Farticoli%2Fcucina-del-mondo%2Fassaporate-il-cibo-dell-istria-il-paradiso-gastronomico-della-croazia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanieli2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Danieli, Susanna (2020-08-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dissapore.com/cucina/cucina-croata-piatti-tipici-da-provare/">"I 20 piatti tipici della Croazia da non perdersi"</a>. <i>Dissapore</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dissapore&rft.atitle=I+20+piatti+tipici+della+Croazia+da+non+perdersi&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft.aulast=Danieli&rft.aufirst=Susanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissapore.com%2Fcucina%2Fcucina-croata-piatti-tipici-da-provare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moldrek.com/ricette_slovenia.htm">"La cucina slovena"</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319072926/https://www.moldrek.com/ricette_slovenia.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+cucina+slovena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moldrek.com%2Fricette_slovenia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209015400/http://www.molo-grande-travel.com/de/info/item/21-mane%C5%A1tre">"Maneštre (Eintopf) | Molo Grande Travel"</a>. 2014-12-09. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.molo-grande-travel.com/de/info/item/21-mane%C5%A1tre">the original</a> on 2014-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mane%C5%A1tre+%28Eintopf%29+%7C+Molo+Grande+Travel&rft.date=2014-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.molo-grande-travel.com%2Fde%2Finfo%2Fitem%2F21-mane%25C5%25A1tre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStjepanović2018" class="citation book cs1">Stjepanović, Dejan (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c6U2DwAAQBAJ"><i>Multiethnic Regionalisms in Southeastern Europe</i></a>. Comparative Territorial Politics. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F978-1-137-58585-1">10.1057/978-1-137-58585-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137585851" title="Special:BookSources/9781137585851"><bdi>9781137585851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multiethnic+Regionalisms+in+Southeastern+Europe&rft.series=Comparative+Territorial+Politics&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F978-1-137-58585-1&rft.isbn=9781137585851&rft.aulast=Stjepanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dejan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc6U2DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/publication/2012/SI-1468.pdf">"Popis stanovništva, kućanstava i stanova 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Croatian). <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Croatian Bureau of Statistics">Croatian Bureau of Statistics</a>. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1333-1876">1333-1876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popis+stanovni%C5%A1tva%2C+ku%C4%87anstava+i+stanova+2011&rft.pub=Croatian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=1333-1876&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.dzs.hr%2FHrv_Eng%2Fpublication%2F2012%2FSI-1468.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115062703/https://www.popis2021.hr/">"Popis '21"</a> (in Croatian). Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://popis2021.hr/">the original</a> on 15 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popis+%2721&rft.pub=Croatian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopis2021.hr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoban_Valečić2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boban Valečić, Iva (27 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/autonomija-istre-kakvu-zaziva-jakovcic-je-neustavna-1203721">"Autonomija Istre kakvu zaziva Jakovčić je neustavna"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernji_list" title="Večernji list">Večernji list</a></i> (in Croatian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ve%C4%8Dernji+list&rft.atitle=Autonomija+Istre+kakvu+zaziva+Jakov%C4%8Di%C4%87+je+neustavna&rft.date=2017-10-27&rft.aulast=Boban+Vale%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Iva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vecernji.hr%2Fvijesti%2Fautonomija-istre-kakvu-zaziva-jakovcic-je-neustavna-1203721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glasistre.hr/politika/ids-ov-zastupnik-emil-daus-autonomija-istre-rijesila-bi-vecinu-problema-nasih-gradana-747536">"IDS-ov zastupnik Emil Daus: AUTONOMIJA ISTRE RIJEŠILA BI VEĆINU PROBLEMA NAŠIH GRAĐANA!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glas_Istre" title="Glas Istre">Glas Istre</a></i> (in Croatian). 23 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glas+Istre&rft.atitle=IDS-ov+zastupnik+Emil+Daus%3A+AUTONOMIJA+ISTRE+RIJE%C5%A0ILA+BI+VE%C4%86INU+PROBLEMA+NA%C5%A0IH+GRA%C4%90ANA%21&rft.date=2019-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glasistre.hr%2Fpolitika%2Fids-ov-zastupnik-emil-daus-autonomija-istre-rijesila-bi-vecinu-problema-nasih-gradana-747536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/croatia/admin/18__istra/">"Istra (County, Croatia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Istra+%28County%2C+Croatia%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts%2C+Map+and+Location&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fcroatia%2Fadmin%2F18__istra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshbrook2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ashbrook, John (December 2005). "Self-perceptions, denials, and expressions: Istrianity in a nationalizing Croatia, 1990-1997". <i><a href="/wiki/Nationalities_Papers" title="Nationalities Papers">Nationalities Papers</a></i>. <b>33</b> (4): 459–487. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00905990500353923">10.1080/00905990500353923</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143942069">143942069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nationalities+Papers&rft.atitle=Self-perceptions%2C+denials%2C+and+expressions%3A+Istrianity+in+a+nationalizing+Croatia%2C+1990-1997&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=459-487&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00905990500353923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143942069%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ashbrook&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Luigi Tomaz, <i>Il confine d'Italia in Istria e Dalmazia. Duemila anni di storia</i>, Presentazione di Arnaldo Mauri, Think ADV, Conselve 2008.</li> <li>Luigi Tomaz, <i>In Adriatico nel secondo millennio</i>, Presentazione di Arnaldo Mauri, Think ADV, Conselve, 2010.</li> <li>Louis François Cassas "Travels in Istria and Dalmatia, drawn up from the itinerary of L. F. Cassas" Eng trans. from 1802 Fr pub.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIstra-Istria.hr" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/44845337">"Istria Between Purity and Hybridity: The Creation of the Istrian Region Through Scientific Research in the 19th Century"</a>. <i>www.academia.edu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria County</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.academia.edu&rft.atitle=Istria+Between+Purity+and+Hybridity%3A+The+Creation+of+the+Istrian+Region+Through+Scientific+Research+in+the+19th+Century&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F44845337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istria&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Istria" class="extiw" title="commons:Istria"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Istria</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Istria#Q639912" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Istria">Istria</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Istria"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Istria">"Istria" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Istria&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIstria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://istrianet.org/index.html">Istria on the Internet (a non-commercial, non-political, cultural site)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526075849/http://www.istriadalmaziacards.com/html/collezioni_geo_a.php?IDArea=1">Old postcards of Istria</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.arnes.si/~mkralj/istra-history/">A Brief History of Istria / Darko Darovec</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kozina.com/premik/1910.htm">Results of Austrian Census on Dec. 31st, 1910</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180314131809/http://www.kozina.com/premik/1910.htm">Archived</a> 2018-03-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716093409/http://www.istra.net/en/humana">Istrian cultural heritage. Bukaleta Kazun, wall paintings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ebooks/reader?id=1-tKAQAAIAAJ">Travels in Istria and Dalmatia: drawn up from the itinerary of L. F. 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal historical regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia proper">Croatia proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_regions_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regions of Croatia"><img alt="Regions of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Historical_regions_of_Croatia.svg/130px-Historical_regions_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Historical_regions_of_Croatia.svg/195px-Historical_regions_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Historical_regions_of_Croatia.svg/260px-Historical_regions_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="1063" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smaller regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Croatia_proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia proper">Croatia proper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banovina_(region)" title="Banovina (region)">Banovina</a></li> <li><a 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega_Valley" title="Požega Valley">Požega Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cvelferija" title="Cvelferija">Cvelferija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fru%C5%A1ka_Gora" title="Fruška Gora">Fruška Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spa%C4%8Dva_basin" title="Spačva basin">Spačva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podunavlje" title="Podunavlje">Podunavlje</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar_Plateau" title="Vukovar Plateau">Vukovar Plateau</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podravina" title="Podravina">Podravina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posavina" title="Posavina">Posavina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_Croatia" title="Category:Regions of Croatia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Croatia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatia_topics" title="Template talk:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Croatia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_before_the_Croats" title="History of Croatia before the Croats">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats" title="Origin hypotheses of the Croats">Origins of Croats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">White Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croatia" title="White Croatia">White Croatia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Medieval duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_city-states" title="Dalmatian city-states">Dalmatian city-states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Slavs in Lower Pannonia">Lower Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Croatia" title="Red Croatia">Red Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanalites" title="Kanalites">Kanalites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Medieval kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Slavonia" title="Ban of Slavonia">Ban of Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Personal union with Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Dalmatia" title="Venetian Dalmatia">Venetian Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Habsburg kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Austrio-Hungarian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">'Independent State'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_(1995%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Croatia (1995–present)">Croatia since 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Croatia–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia#Climate" title="Geography of Croatia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Croatia" title="List of extreme points of Croatia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Croatia" title="List of lakes of Croatia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Croatia" title="List of mammals of Croatia">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Croatia" title="List of mountains in Croatia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Croatia" title="List of protected areas of Croatia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Croatia" title="List of rivers of Croatia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Croatia" title="Topography of Croatia">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Croatia" title="Human rights in Croatia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Croatia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Croatia" title="Law enforcement in Croatia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Croatian_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Croatian Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Croatia" title="List of political parties in Croatia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_security_and_intelligence_system" title="Croatian security and intelligence system">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Croatia" title="Economy of Croatia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_brands" title="Croatian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_counties_by_GDP" title="List of Croatian counties by GDP">Gross domestic product (GDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Croatia" title="Industry of Croatia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatian_currency" title="History of Croatian currency">History of currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Bank" title="Croatian National Bank">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_and_the_euro" title="Croatia and the euro">The euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Croatia" title="Privatization in Croatia">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Stock_Exchange" title="Zagreb Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Croatia" title="Telecommunications in Croatia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Croatia" title="Transport in Croatia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Croatia" title="Category:Society of Croatia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Croatia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Croatia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats" title="Genetic studies on Croats">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Croatia" title="Healthcare in Croatia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages" title="Demographics of Croatia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Croatia" title="Women in Croatia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Croatia" title="Architecture of Croatia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_art" title="Croatian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Croatia" title="Public holidays in Croatia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Croatia" title="List of radio stations in Croatia">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Croatia" title="Sport in Croatia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Croatia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Croatia" title="National symbols of Croatia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijepa_na%C5%A1a_domovino" title="Lijepa naša domovino">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_checkerboard" title="Croatian checkerboard">Checkerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_national_costume" title="Croatian national costume">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Zvonimir" title="Crown of Zvonimir">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Croatia" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Croatia">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_flags" title="List of Croatian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_interlace" title="Croatian interlace">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_mottos" title="List of Croatian mottos">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Croats_and_Croatia" title="Names of the Croats and Croatia">Names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Croatia" title="Outline of Croatia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Croatia" title="Category:Croatia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Istria&params=45_15_40_N_13_54_16_E_region:HR_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°15′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°54′16″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.26111°N 13.90444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.26111; 13.90444</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1310433/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027824-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85068764">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Istrijský poloostrov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128489&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000283315&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=291672">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565292205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197304">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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