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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Skrá inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Frekari valkostir" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persónuleg verkfæri" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persónuleg verkfæri</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Notandavalmynd" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_is.wikipedia.org&uselang=is"><span>Fjárframlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%BAa_til_a%C3%B0gang&returnto=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að búa til aðgang og skrá þig inn; en það er ekki skylda"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Búa til aðgang</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Innskr%C3%A1&returnto=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti" title="Þú ert hvattur/hvött til að innskrá þig, það er hinsvegar ekki skylda. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Framl%C3%B6g_m%C3%ADn" title="Listi yfir breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Framlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tegundir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tegundir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tegundir</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tegundir-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Tegundir undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tegundir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etanól" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etanól"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Etanól</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etanól-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Metan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lífdísill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lífdísill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Lífdísill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lífdísill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metanól" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metanól"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Metanól</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metanól-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syngas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syngas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Syngas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syngas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tilvísanir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heimildir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heimildir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Heimildir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heimildir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenglar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenglar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tenglar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenglar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lífeldsneyti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 78 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A" title="وقود حيوي – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وقود حيوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioyanacaq" title="Bioyanacaq – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bioyanacaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%8F%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Биояғыулыҡ – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биояғыулыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biuodegal%C4%81" title="Biuodegalā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Biuodegalā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Біяпаліва – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біяпаліва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Біяпаліва – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біяпаліва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Биогориво – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биогориво" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="জৈব জ্বালানি – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জৈব জ্বালানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogorivo" title="Biogorivo – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biogorivo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocombustible" title="Biocombustible – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biocombustible" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="سووتەمەنیی زیندەیی – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووتەمەنیی زیندەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopalivo" title="Biopalivo – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biopalivo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%C4%83%C3%A7" title="Биохуткăç – sjúvas" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Биохуткăç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="sjúvas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biobr%C3%A6ndsel" title="Biobrændsel – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biobrændsel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokraftstoff" title="Biokraftstoff – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biokraftstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Βιοκαύσιμα – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιοκαύσιμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biofuel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biobrula%C4%B5o" title="Biobrulaĵo – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biobrulaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocarburante" title="Biocarburante – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biocarburante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biok%C3%BCtus" title="Biokütus – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biokütus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioerregai" title="Bioerregai – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bioerregai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="زیست‌سوخت – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیست‌سوخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolttoaine" title="Biopolttoaine – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biopolttoaine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocarburant" title="Biocarburant – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biocarburant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bith-chonnadh" title="Bith-chonnadh – skosk gelíska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bith-chonnadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skosk gelíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocombustible" title="Biocombustible – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biocombustible" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99" title="דלק ביולוגי – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דלק ביולוגי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8" title="जैव ईंधन – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जैव ईंधन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogoriva" title="Biogoriva – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biogoriva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C3%A8ji_byomas" title="Enèji byomas – haítíska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Enèji byomas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haítíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio%C3%BCzemanyag" title="Bioüzemanyag – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bioüzemanyag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocarburante" title="Biocarburante – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Biocarburante" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_bakar_hayati" title="Bahan bakar hayati – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahan bakar hayati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mman%E1%BB%A5_ala" title="Mmanụ ala – ígbó" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmanụ ala" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ígbó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocombustibile" title="Biocombustibile – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biocombustibile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="バイオ燃料 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バイオ燃料" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_bakar_hayati" title="Bahan bakar hayati – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bahan bakar hayati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ბიოსაწვავი – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიოსაწვავი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Биоотын – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биоотын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%A8" title="ಜೈವಿಕ ಇಂಧನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೈವಿಕ ಇಂಧನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4_%EC%97%B0%EB%A3%8C" title="바이오 연료 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이오 연료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegalai" title="Biodegalai – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biodegalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegviela" title="Biodegviela – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Biodegviela" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Биогориво – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биогориво" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ജൈവ ഇന്ധനം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൈവ ഇന്ധനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahan_api_bio" title="Bahan api bio – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahan api bio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC" title="ဇီဝလောင်စာ – búrmneska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီဝလောင်စာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="búrmneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biobrandstof" title="Biobrandstof – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biobrandstof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biobrensel" title="Biobrensel – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biobrensel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocombustible" title="Biocombustible – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biocombustible" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A3" title="ਬਾਇਓ ਬਾਲਣ – púnjabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਇਓ ਬਾਲਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="púnjabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopaliwo" title="Biopaliwo – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biopaliwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86" title="بائیو بالن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بائیو بالن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocombust%C3%ADvel" title="Biocombustível – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biocombustível" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsasqamanta_rawrana" title="Kawsasqamanta rawrana – kvesjúa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsasqamanta rawrana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kvesjúa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocombustibil" title="Biocombustibil – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biocombustibil" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Биотопливо – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биотопливо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogoriva" title="Biogoriva – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biogoriva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%B1" title="ජීව ඉන්ධන – singalíska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජීව ඉන්ධන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biofuel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopalivo" title="Biopalivo – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biopalivo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogorivo" title="Biogorivo – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biogorivo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokarburanti" title="Biokarburanti – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biokarburanti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Био-горива – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Био-горива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biobr%C3%A4nsle" title="Biobränsle – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biobränsle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofueli" title="Biofueli – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Biofueli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிரி எரிபொருள் – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரி எரிபொருள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="జీవ ఇంధనం – telúgú" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవ ఇంధనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telúgú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="เชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพ – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoyak%C4%B1t" title="Biyoyakıt – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyoyakıt" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Біопаливо – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біопаливо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioyoqilg%CA%BBi" title="Bioyoqilgʻi – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bioyoqilgʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%C3%AAn_li%E1%BB%87u_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhiên liệu sinh học – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiên liệu sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyocarburant" title="Biyocarburant – vallónska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Biyocarburant" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物燃料" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物燃料" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-bu%CC%8Dt_ji%C3%A2n-li%C4%81u" title="Seng-bu̍t jiân-liāu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-bu̍t jiân-liāu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="生物燃料 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物燃料" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128991#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nafnrými"> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="is" dir="ltr"><p><b>Lífeldsneyti</b> er <a href="/wiki/Hugtak" title="Hugtak">hugtak</a> sem notað er fyrir lífrænt <a href="/wiki/Eldsneyti" title="Eldsneyti">eldsneyti</a> sem unnin eru úr <a href="/wiki/Endurn%C3%BDjanleg_orka" title="Endurnýjanleg orka">endurnýjanlegum orkulindum</a>. Lífeldsneyti er viðfeðmur flokkur sem skiptast niður í þrjá flokka eftir því hvernig þær eru unnar, þ.e. eldsneyti sem unnin er úr lífmassa, úr vökva og svo nátturuleg gös. </p><p>Eldsneyti sem unnar eru úr endurnýjanlegum orkuauðlindum hefur á undanfarin árum aukið athygli vísindamanna og almenningi og þá einkum í tengslum við sem framtíðar orkubera, sem væri umhverfisvænna en það jarðefnaeldsneyti sem við notum í dag. Til lengri tíma litið munu olíuauðlindir fara þverrandi og leiða til hækkandi eldsneytisverðs. Samhliða því er hugsanlegt að eldsneytisverð fari einnig hækkandi vegna aukinnar skattheimtu og eftirspurn fyrir nýjum orkugjöfum fari vaxandi í náinni framtíð. Erfitt er að segja til um hversu hröð þróunin verði en ljóst er að hefðbundnir bensínbílar verða með breyttu sniði í náinni framtíð. Bensín með íblöndun á lífrænu eldsneyti eykst með árunum, bæði í <a href="/wiki/Almenningssamg%C3%B6ngur" title="Almenningssamgöngur">almenningssamgöngum</a> og í iðnaðarsamgöngum. Stóru bílaframleiðendurnir hafa verið að færa sig inn á þennan markað á undanförnum árum. Þótt þróunin sé hæg á <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dsland" title="Ísland">Íslandi</a> hvað þetta varðar á það einkum við um bíla til einkanota, en þróunin undanfarin ár hefur verið örari varðandi þá bíla sem notaðir eru í atvinnustarfsemi af ýmsu tagi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tegundir">Tegundir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Tegundir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tegundir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etanól"><span id="Etan.C3.B3l"></span>Etanól</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Breyti hluta: Etanól" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Etanól"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744436">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Etan%C3%B3l" title="Etanól">Etanól</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Sao_Paulo_ethanol_pump_04_2008_74_zoom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sao_Paulo_ethanol_pump_04_2008_74_zoom.jpg/250px-Sao_Paulo_ethanol_pump_04_2008_74_zoom.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sao_Paulo_ethanol_pump_04_2008_74_zoom.jpg/375px-Sao_Paulo_ethanol_pump_04_2008_74_zoom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sao_Paulo_ethanol_pump_04_2008_74_zoom.jpg/500px-Sao_Paulo_ethanol_pump_04_2008_74_zoom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Etanólsdæla á bensínstöð í <a href="/wiki/Brasil%C3%ADa" title="Brasilía">Brasilíu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Etanól er lífrænt <a href="/wiki/Efnasamband" title="Efnasamband">efnasamband</a> táknað sem C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH. Það er eldfimt, litarlaust og eitrað efni. Bruni þess myndar bláan loga sem oft er ekki sjáanlegur í mikillri birtu. Etanól er framleitt úr jurtum eins og <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%ADs" title="Maís">maís</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sykureyrr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sykureyrr (síða er ekki enn til)">sykureyrr</a> en einnig hægt að framleiða etanól úr öðrum jurtum eins og <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAp%C3%ADna" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúpína">lúpínu</a> eða <a href="/wiki/Gras" class="mw-redirect" title="Gras">grasi</a> sem væri unnt að gera hér á landi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etanól myndast á náttúrlegan hátt úr kolvetnum (sykrum) við loftfirrðar aðstæður með hjálp gerla sem brjóta niður lífræn efni, það er að segja sellulósa og hemísellulósa. Þetta er það ferli sem kallað er gerjun. Með gerjun og eimingu á lífrænum efnum er hægt að framleiða etanól til ýmissa nota.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hér á Íslandi er verið að skoða möguleika á því að nota háhitakærar bakteríur til framleiðslu á etanóli. Hafa verið gerðar einfaldar gerjunartilraunir úr einföldum sykrum, en einnig á einföldum lífmassa svo sem grasi, hálmi og pappír. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Etanól hefur um 85% af brunagildi bensíns en með því að blanda því út í 15% bensín <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>bætir það verulega bruna þess. Etanól sem eldnsneyti er umhverfisvænt, en það er framleitt úr lífrænum efnum sem myndast hafa við það að koltvísýringur var tekinn úr andrúmloftinu. Við bruna etanóls myndast svo vatn og aftur koltvísýringur. </p><p>Í lok árs <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a> fór <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brimborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brimborg (síða er ekki enn til)">Brimborg</a> að kanna möguleika á innflutningi bíla sem gætu notað etanól sem orkugjafa. Fyrirtækið hóf samstarf við <a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%ADs" title="Olís">Olís</a> um að flytja etanól til landsins. Ári seinna kom fyrsta etanól (E85) dælustöðin til Íslands og var sett upp í <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81lfheimar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Álfheimar (síða er ekki enn til)">Álfheimum</a> í <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Undanfarin ár hefur framleiðsla á etanóli farið ört vaxandi í takt við sívaxandi eftirspurn í heiminum. Þróunin hefur fyrst og fremst átt sér stað í <a href="/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkin" title="Bandaríkin">Bandaríkjunum</a> og hefur framleiðsla etanóls þar verið samkeppnishæf við bensín sem eldsneyti fyrir bifreiðar. <a href="/wiki/Brasil%C3%ADa" title="Brasilía">Brasilía</a> er gott dæmi um land þar sem etanól hefur verið notað sem eldsneyti um langt skeið í stað bensíns. Þar eru nær allir bílar fjölorkubílar og ganga fyrir hvaða blöndu af etanóli og bensíni sem er. Í Bandaríkjunum og ríkjum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Efnahagsbandalagi%C3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efnahagsbandalagið (síða er ekki enn til)">Efnahagsbandalagsins</a> hafa verið gerðar kröfur um íblöndun etanóls í bensín <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>en við þetta gætu myndast góð markaðsskilyrði til framleiðslu á etanóli. Ef horft er til íslenskra aðstæðna við etanólframleiðslu er það einkum ódýr jarðgufa sem gæti verið fýsilegur kostur er kemur að framleiðslu. </p><p>Framleiðsla á etanóli úr jurtum eins og maís, sykureyrr og öðrum matvælum hefur mætt harðri andstöðu víða um heim. Til að mynda er meira en fjórðungur alls <a href="/wiki/Korn" title="Korn">korns</a> sem ræktað er í Bandaríkjunum nú notað til að framleiða lífrænt eldsneyti. Með þessu er talið að etanól framleitt úr korni megi nota í stórum stíl í stað bensíns á bíla og þannig verði Bandaríkin ekki eins háð olíu frá ríkjum þar sem stjórnmálaástand er óstöðugt. Aukin framleiðsla lífeldsneytis á borð við etanól hefur óhjákvæmilega áhrif annars staðar í heiminum og eykur hættuna á matvælaskorti. Þar verða þróunarríkin verst úti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metan">Metan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Breyti hluta: Metan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Metan"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">Metan</a></div> <p>Metan er efnasamband kolefnis og vetnis. Efnaformúla metans er CH<sub>4</sub>. Þetta er litlaus og lyktarlaus gastegund sem er skaðlaus við innöndun. Metangas myndast út í náttúrunni þegar lífrænn úrgangur rotnar við loftfirrðar aðstæður. Í náttúrunni eru mýrar, votlendi, gömul skóglendi og urðunarsvæði ákjósanlegustu aðstæðurnar til myndunar metangass. </p><p>Metan er skæð gróðurhúsalofttegund og hefur til að mynda 21 sinnum meiri gróðurhúsaáhrif en koltvísýringur, ef það sleppur út í andrúmsloftið. Við bruna metans myndast koltvísýringur og vatn samkvæmt efnajöfnu: <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>4</sub> + 2O<sub>2</sub> → CO<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Við brunann myndast mikill hiti sem gerir metanið að hentugu eldsneyti. Orkan sem myndast við bruna gassins er oftast notuð til hitunar og rafmagnsframleiðslu en einnig er hægt að nota metan sem orkubera (eldsneyti). </p><p>Metan sem eldsneyti hefur verið notað til að knýja bíla á Íslandi frá árinu 2000. Metangasframleiðsla hér á landi hefur farið fram á urðunarstað höfuðborgarsvæðisins í Álfsnesi. Þar er metangasið unnið úr hauggasi sem myndast við rotnun lífræns úrgangs. Nú eru framleidd um 2.200 t á ári af metani, en sú framleiðsla myndi nægja um 4.500 litlum ökutækjum. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hauggasið sem myndast á urðunarstaðnum hefur að geyma um 55% af metani, 42% koltvísýring og aðrar lofttegundir eru um 3%. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Hauggasið safnast í safnkistur sem tengdar eru safnrörum. Safnrörin eru götóttar málmpípur sem liggja um haugana og sjá um að safna gasinu úr jörðinni. Gasið er síðan flutt yfir í hreinsistöð þar sem það er hreinsað í svokölluðum þvegli. Aðferðin felst í því að metanið er skilið frá öðrum lofttegundum með vatni. Metanið er síðan þurrkað og því þjappað á gaskúta til flutnings á áfyllingarstöð. Eftir hreinsunina er hlutfall metans í gasinu 95-98%. </p><p>Tvö bifreiðaumboð á Íslandi hafa boðið til sölu bíla sem ganga fyrir metani, Hekla og Askja. Hekla hefur boðið fjórar tegundir metanfólksbíla og Askja tvær. Mikil framför hefur orðið í þróun og tækni metanbifreiða á síðustu árum og nú er talað um þriðju kynslóð metanbifreiða. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Flestir stærri bílaframleiðendur framleiða núorðið metanbifreiðar og hefur þeim fjölgað mikið með vaxandi eftirspurn. Yfir 100 metanbílar hafa verið í notkun hér á landi, annars vegar hreinir metanbílar og hins vegar tvíorkubílar. Einnig hefur verið algengt að bensínbifreiðum væri breytt í metanbifreiðar. Kostir metanbifreiða eru meðal annars að þeir eru hljóðlátari en hefðbundnir bensínbílar og menga talsvert minna. </p><p>Við brennslu metangass í bílvél myndast koltvísýringur en sá koltvísýringur kemur úr metangasi sem hvort sem er hefði smám saman síast út í andrúmsloftið úr sorphaugunum. Þar sem gróðurhúsaáhrif koltvísýrings eru miklum mun minni en metans er mikill umhverfisávinningur í því að brenna metaninu auk þess sem með því minnkar þörfin á innfluttu eldsneyti. Þegar á heildina er litið stuðlar bíleigandi sem notar metan af sorphaugum á bíl sinn að minni losun gróðurhúsalofttegunda. Að sjálfsögðu sparast líka sá koltvísýringur sem hefði myndast í venjulegri bifreið. Sparnaðurinn er um 260g á km. Ýmis önnur útblástursefni eru líka talsvert minni frá metanbifreiðum en bansín- eða díselbílum svo nemur um 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Framleiðsla á metangasi er góður kostur þegar hugað er að notkun innlendrar orku. Hér á landi hafa nokkur fyrirtæki notað metangas sem orkugjafa. Metan hf og Orkuveita Reykjavíkur hafa efnt til samstarfs um metanknúið orkuver sem áætlað er að geti skilað 840 kW af uppsettu afli og áætlaðri orkuframleiðsl upp á um 4,3 GWh á ári.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lífdísill"><span id="L.C3.ADfd.C3.ADsill"></span>Lífdísill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Breyti hluta: Lífdísill" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Lífdísill"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADfd%C3%ADsill" title="Lífdísill">Lífdísill</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Diesel_prices.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diesel_prices.jpg/220px-Diesel_prices.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diesel_prices.jpg/330px-Diesel_prices.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Diesel_prices.jpg/440px-Diesel_prices.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1452" /></a><figcaption>Lífdísilsdæla í <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>. Í nokkrum löndum er lífdísill ódýrara en almennilegur dísill.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lífdísill er algengasta lífeldsneyti í Evrópu.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hann er framleiddur úr jurtaolíu, dýrafitu og fiskiúrgangi með umesterun, og er vökvinn sem út kemur ekki ólíkur jarðefnaeldsneyti. Efnafræðileg heiti yfir lífdísilolíu er fitusýru-metýl (eða etýl). Olíu er blandað saman við hídroxíð natríum og metanól (eða etanól). Við þessa samsetningu verður efnahvarf sem myndar lífdísilolíu og glýseról. Einn hluti glýseróls er framleiddur fyrir hverja tíu hluta dísilolíunnar. </p><p>Lífdísill er oftast framleiddur úr sojabaunaolíu eða repjuolíu. Á Íslandi væri hægt að nota fiskiúrgang, fitu sem til fellur úr sláturhúsum og afgangs steikingarolíu í stað sjoabauna og repju.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slík framleiðsla er raunar hafin í litlum mæli hjá <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orkey.is">Orkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226130432/http://orkey.is/">Geymt</a> 26 febrúar 2021 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> á Akureyri </p><p>Lífdísil er hægt að nota á flestar gerðir dísilvéla. Lífdísilolía hefur örlitlu minna orkuinnihald en dísilolía sem unnin er úr jarðefnaeldsneyti. Einnig eru efni eins og brennisteinn og arómatísk efnasambönd í minni mæli í lífdíselolíu. Þó svo að hún gefi minni orku á hverja þyngdareiningu er hún umhverfisvænni þar sem hún gefur síður frá sér óæskilegar loftegundir út í andrúmsloftið. Lífdísilolían er einnig hentug að því leyti að hægt er að nota hana á dísilvélar án þess að breyta þurfi vélunum á nokkurn hátt. </p><p>Rétt eins og etanólframleiðsla hefur framleiðslu á lífdísilolíu fylgt mikil umræða og þá einkum í tengslum við hækkandi matvælaverð. Sojabaunaolía er mikilvæg í fæðuframleiðslu og verður því enn um sinn dýr til framleiðslu dísilolíu, þar sem hún er mjög eftirsótt á matvælamarkaði. Einnig þarf að hafa í huga að mikil notkun jurtaolíu til dísilframleiðslu getur haft áhrif á fæðuframleiðslu og orsakað matarskort í þróunarlöndum. Á Íslandi væri helst að leita hráefnis í þá fitu og þann úrgang sem til fellur í landbúnaði og fiskiðnaði, enda skilyrði til ræktunar á repju og sojabauna er ekki góð á landinu. Þó hafa undanfarið verið gerðar tilraunir til ræktunar á svokallaðri vetrarrepju hér á landi. Þær tilraunir hafa gefið ákveðnar vonir. </p><p>Hrundið hefur verið af stað tilraunaverkefni í framleiðslu lífdísilolíu úr vetrarrepju. Verkefnið er á vegum rannsóknar- og þróunarsviðs Siglingastofnunar í samstarfi við Landbúnaðarháskóla Íslands og bændur víða um land. Ræktun vetrarepju er þó enn sem komið er ekki annað en aukabúgrein hjá íslenskum bændum. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metanól"><span id="Metan.C3.B3l"></span>Metanól</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Breyti hluta: Metanól" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Metanól"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Metan%C3%B3l" title="Metanól">Metanól</a></div> <p>Metanól, einnig þekkt sem tréspíri eða viðarspíri, er einfalt alkóhól, eldfimur og eitraður vökvi sem gefur frá sér sams konar lykt og etanól. Metanól er efnasamband með efnaformúlana CH<sub>3</sub>OH en við stofuhita er efnið í vökvaformi. Metanól er notað sem frostvari og leysir en einnig er hægt að nota það sem eldsneyti. </p><p>Í náttúrunni myndast metanól við loftfirrðar aðstæður með hjálp baktería og er því náttúrlegt í umhverfinu. Þegar metanól kemst í snertingu við súrefni myndast koldíoxið og vatn með hjálp sólarljóssins. Efnaformúla:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>2 CH<sub>3</sub>OH + 3 O<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO<sub>2</sub> + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Á Íslandi hafa verið uppi hugmyndir um að framleiða metanól úr vetni og koltvísýringi úr álverum ef ofnum yrði lokað en óvíst er að það sé framkvæmanlegt. ht<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metanól má framleiða úr kolsýru með því að láta það hvarfast við vetni við 200-300 °C og 50-100 bara þrýsting samkvæmt eftirfarandi efnajöfnu. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>3H<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> = CH<sub>3</sub>OH + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>Framleiðsla metanóls úr koltvísýringi er nú hafin hérlendis með tilkomu nýrrar metanólsverksmiðju <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carbonrecycling.is">Carbon Recycling International</a> í Svartsengi á Reykjanesi. Þar er koltvísýringsútblæstri frá jarðvarmavirkjun breytt í metanól, fljótandi eldsneyti sem meiningin er að blanda saman við bensín á farartæki. Í Svartsengi losna um 80.000 tonn á ári af kolsýru sem gefur möguleika á framleiðslu 56.000 tonna af metanóli á ári. Með íblöndun metanóls í bensín (5 á móti 95) hækkar oktanagildi eldsneytisins og þar af leiðandi verður hreinni bruni og betri nýting. Enn fremur eykur blandan afl bensínbíla. <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syngas">Syngas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Breyti hluta: Syngas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Syngas"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=DME&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DME (síða er ekki enn til)">DME</a> (dímetýleter) er gas sem nota má sem eldsneyti. DME er framleitt úr metanóli sem aftur er framleitt úr efnasmíðagasi (syngas). Syngas samanstendur af CO og H<sub>2</sub> í misstórum hlutföllum. Hægt er að fá fram syngas með því að rafgreina vetni og safna kolefni frá útblæstri verksmiðja. Raforkan er þar frumorkan í ferlinu. Hægt er að nota DME í breyttum <a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADsilv%C3%A9l" title="Dísilvél">dísilvélum</a> og er því möguleiki á að nýta raforkuna til að knýja farartæki. Eldsneytið gæti því hentað bæði fyrir íslenska bíla- og skipaflotann. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir"><span id="Tilv.C3.ADsanir"></span>Tilvísanir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Breyti hluta: Tilvísanir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Tilvísanir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.co2.is/Apps/WebObjects/Orkustofnun.woa/wa/dp?id=6852">http://www.co2.is/Apps/WebObjects/Orkustofnun.woa/wa/dp?id=6852</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.efnahagsraduneyti.is/media/Acrobat/skyr99_1.pdf">http://www.efnahagsraduneyti.is/media/Acrobat/skyr99_1.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100409201813/www4.unak.is/haskolifolksins/page/hfnyskopunlifetanol">http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100409201813/www4.unak.is/haskolifolksins/page/hfnyskopunlifetanol</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100409201813/www4.unak.is/haskolifolksins/page/hfnyskopunlifetanol">http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20100409201813/www4.unak.is/haskolifolksins/page/hfnyskopunlifetanol</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.brimborg.is/Lestu-frettirnar/~/NewsID/858">http://www.brimborg.is/Lestu-frettirnar/~/NewsID/858</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mbl.is/mm/gagnasafn/grein.html?radnr=1151568">http://www.mbl.is/mm/gagnasafn/grein.html?radnr=1151568</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870430">.mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1873994">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100412071651/http://www.gas-plants.com/methane-properties.html">„Geymd eintak“</a>. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gas-plants.com/methane-properties.html">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 12. apríl 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 12. apríl 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geymd+eintak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gas-plants.com%2Fmethane-properties.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADfeldsneyti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf">http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://metanbill.is/Hva%C3%B0_er_metan_">http://metanbill.is/Hva%C3%B0_er_metan_</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100905165524/http://metanbill.is/Hva%C3%B0_er_metan_">Geymt</a> 5 september 2010 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>?</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20080724204105/www.metan.is/user/cat/show/69/358">http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20080724204105/www.metan.is/user/cat/show/69/358</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf">http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan">http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf">http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">www.mbl.is/mm/frettir/innlent/2009/09/.../lifdisilolia_ur_vetrarrepju/ - </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">www.nmi.is/.../Framleiðsla%20eldsneytis%20úr%20innlendum%20hráefnum_1962998647.pdf -</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">tp://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf">http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.efnahagsraduneyti.is/media/Acrobat/skyr99_1.pdf">http://www.efnahagsraduneyti.is/media/Acrobat/skyr99_1.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heimildir">Heimildir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Breyti hluta: Heimildir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Heimildir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aubrecht, Gordon J., <i>Energy Physical, Enviromental, and Social Impact</i> (3ja útgáfa), (USA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=10973">„Hvað er metangas og hvernig er það nýtt?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hva%C3%B0+er+metangas+og+hvernig+er+%C3%BEa%C3%B0+n%C3%BDtt%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D10973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADfeldsneyti" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=47334">„Ef metan er að mestu leyti vetni, hvað gerir það svo óæskilega gastegund?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Ef+metan+er+a%C3%B0+mestu+leyti+vetni%2C+hva%C3%B0+gerir+%C3%BEa%C3%B0+svo+%C3%B3%C3%A6skilega+gastegund%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D47334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADfeldsneyti" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.eea.europa.eu/is/articles/ef-sprenging-verdur-i-lifeldsneyti-2014-umskiptin-fra-oliu-til-lifeldsneytis-eru-ekki-an-ahettu">http://www.eea.europa.eu/is/articles/ef-sprenging-verdur-i-lifeldsneyti-2014-umskiptin-fra-oliu-til-lifeldsneytis-eru-ekki-an-ahettu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf">http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Metan ehf. (2003). Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20041102104735/www.metan.is/user/home/">http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20041102104735/www.metan.is/user/home/</a></li> <li>Ný kynslóð metanbíla. Hekla. Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20071210193854/www.hekla.is/Pages/19?NewsID=392">http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20071210193854/www.hekla.is/Pages/19?NewsID=392</a></li> <li>Gas Plant Manufacturers. Methane Properties. Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gas-plants.com/methane-properties.html">http://www.gas-plants.com/methane-properties.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100412071651/http://www.gas-plants.com/methane-properties.html">Geymt</a> 12 apríl 2010 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Vefur Nýsköpunarmiðstöðvar Íslands, sótt 11. apríl 2010 af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf">http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Vefur morgunblaðsins, sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://archive.today/20130702114025/www.amx.is/tenglar/mbl/8545/">https://archive.today/20130702114025/www.amx.is/tenglar/mbl/8545/</a></li> <li>Vefur Víkurfrétta, sótt 18. apríl 2009 af <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vf.is/Vidskipti/35877/default.aspx">http://www.vf.is/Vidskipti/35877/default.aspx</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502145635/http://www.vf.is/Vidskipti/35877/default.aspx">Geymt</a> 2 maí 2015 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Gas Plant Manufacturers. Methane Properties. Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gas-plants.com/methane-properties.html">http://www.gas-plants.com/methane-properties.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100412071651/http://www.gas-plants.com/methane-properties.html">Geymt</a> 12 apríl 2010 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Metan ehf. (2003). Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20041102104735/www.metan.is/user/home/">http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20041102104735/www.metan.is/user/home/</a></li> <li>Methane. Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/METHANE/Methane.html">http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/METHANE/Methane.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530101711/http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/methane/methane.html">Geymt</a> 30 maí 2010 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Co2.is. Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.co2.is/Apps/WebObjects/Orkustofnun.woa/wa/dp?id=6852">http://www.co2.is/Apps/WebObjects/Orkustofnun.woa/wa/dp?id=6852</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Ásgeir Leifsson (1994), morgunblaðið. Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mbl.is/mm/gagnasafn/grein.html?grein_id=162763">http://www.mbl.is/mm/gagnasafn/grein.html?grein_id=162763</a></li> <li>Brimborg.is. sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.brimborg.is/Lestu-frettirnar/~/NewsID/860">http://www.brimborg.is/Lestu-frettirnar/~/NewsID/860</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Umhverfisvænir metanbílar til Ölgerðarinnar. (2008). Sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.billinn.is/index.php?menu=news&article=1101">http://www.billinn.is/index.php?menu=news&article=1101</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722015939/http://www.billinn.is/index.php?menu=news&article=1101">Geymt</a> 22 júlí 2011 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>"Towards Sustainable Production and Use of Resources: Assessing Biofuels". United Nations Environment Programme. 2010-11-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/pdf/Assessing_Biofuels_Full_Report.pdf">http://www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/pdf/Assessing_Biofuels_Full_Report.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091122133933/http://www.unep.fr/scp/rpanel/pdf/Assessing_Biofuels_Full_Report.pdf">Geymt</a> 22 nóvember 2009 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2009-10-24.</li> <li>Vefur Nýsköpunarmiðstöðvar Íslands, sótt 11. apríl 2010 af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf">http://www.nmi.is/files/Framlei%C3%B0sla%20eldsneytis%20%C3%BAr%20innlendum%20hr%C3%A1efnum_1962998647.pdf</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Vefur Carbon Energy, Methanol/Industrial Chemicals, sótt 20. apríl 2009 af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.metex.com.au/index.php/partnering/methanol--industrial-chemicals">http://www.metex.com.au/index.php/partnering/methanol--industrial-chemicals</a><sup>[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Link rot">óvirkur tengill</a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Vefur biofuel.org. sótt af: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://biofuel.org.uk/what-is-syngas.html">http://biofuel.org.uk/what-is-syngas.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819012233/http://www.biofuel.org.uk/what-is-syngas.html">Geymt</a> 19 ágúst 2011 í <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tenglar">Tenglar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Breyti hluta: Tenglar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfeldsneyti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Tenglar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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