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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="es"> <head> <title>AP EXPLICA: cómo se conecta la violencia y crimen organizado con la política de Ecuador | Independent Español</title> <meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="amp-google-client-id-api" content="googleanalytics"><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large,max-video-preview:-1"><meta property="fb:app_id" content="235586169789578"><meta property="fb:pages" content="https://www.facebook.com/independentespanol/"><meta name="category" content="América Latina"><meta name="sitename" content="Independent Español"><meta name="page path" content="/noticias/america-latina"><meta name="page type" content="Article"><meta name="adPageType" content="Article Page"><meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"><meta name="description" content=" El asesinato a tiros en Ecuador del candidato presidencial Fernando Villavicencio, a la salida de un mitin, en plena calle y rodeado de policías y simpatizantes, ahondó el miércoles la percepción que tienen los 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Lasso declaró el estado de excepción, que implica la movilización de militares en las calles, un día después del asesinato a tiros del candidato presidencial Fernando Villavicencio en un acto de campaña en Quito. (AP Foto/Juan Diego Montenegro)","caption":"ECUADOR-CANDIDATO-ASESINATO","copyright":"AP","credit":"ASSOCIATED PRESS","alt":null,"doNotReuse":false,"url":"https://static.independentespanol.com/2023/08/10/21/ECUADOR-CANDIDATO-ASESINATO_97401.jpg","id":"a05c74204c1a4a7d910855b8bab792ac","bundle":"remote_image","mid":3180181,"changed":"1691700541","created":"1691700541","uid":0,"workflow":{"name":"Published","id":62,"uuid":"312eeebb-ed05-4519-99a5-3a48c2856a46","firstLetter":"p","bundle":"workflow_generic"},"cmsUser":{"name":""},"extra":{"imageSize":{"width":5361,"height":3574}}}}],"bundle":"gallery","mid":3180182,"uid":0,"changed":"1691752441","workflow":{"name":"Published","id":62,"uuid":"312eeebb-ed05-4519-99a5-3a48c2856a46","firstLetter":"p","bundle":"workflow_generic"},"cmsUser":{"name":""}},"srcSet":[360,768,1000,1250],"showCaption":true,"isSubscribedOrIsPremium":false,"adUnitPath":"71347885/_main_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/gallery_mpu_sb","title":"AP EXPLICA: Cómo se conecta la violencia y crimen organizado con la política de Ecuador","isArticle":true,"isSection":false}</script></div></header><div class="sc-1fcmxs3-1 sc-1i4xxi7-1 ldpSwp wQyIS"><div class="sc-fwko30-1 czoMqL main-wrapper"><div class="sc-jbiisr-0 lkPksW sc-jbiisr-1 hiukpJ" id="main"><p> El asesinato a tiros en <a href="/tag/ecuador">Ecuador</a> del candidato presidencial Fernando Villavicencio, a la salida de un mitin, en plena calle y rodeado de policías y simpatizantes, ahondó el miércoles la percepción que tienen los ecuatorianos de vulnerabilidad ante la acción criminal que se ha desatado en los últimos tres años en el país.</p><p>Villavicencio había denunciado amenazas en su contra que atribuyó a un grupo criminal local relacionado con el cártel mexicano de <a href="/tag/sinaloa">Sinaloa</a> y llevaba resguardo policial y seguridad privada. </p><div data-mpu1="true" class="sc-1048kfq-0 dTdlgq"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo mobile-only"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ mobile-only"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="mpu1" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_main_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/mpu1" data-size-key="DOUBLE_OR_SINGLE_MPU" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="13000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><div id="article-im-prompt"></div><p>El asesinato del candidato presidencial elevó el impacto de la violencia y pone el foco en las acciones del gobierno para recobrar el control del territorio.</p><div class="sc-w27hnf-3 jHlYLm desktop-only teads"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo third-party-ad"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ third-party-ad"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="thirdparty01" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_partner_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/thirdparty01" data-size-key="THIRD_PARTY_ARTICLE_BODY_DESKTOP" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="150000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><p><a href="/tag/ap">AP</a> Explica el trasfondo de la ola de muertes violentas de los últimos tres años y las eventuales conexiones entre el crimen organizado y la política.</p><div class="sc-w27hnf-3 jHlYLm mobile-only teads"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo third-party-ad"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ third-party-ad"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="thirdparty01" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_partner_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/thirdparty01" data-size-key="THIRD_PARTY_ARTICLE_BODY_MOBILE" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="150000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><p>¿QUÉ AMENAZAS HABÍA RECIBIDO VILLAVICENCIO?</p><div class="sc-12btdgd-0 iYPexv sc-9oz50s-0 eBVImf related"><div class="sc-9oz50s-1 cztNBI"><span class="sc-1nbs17v-0 eBNoZm">Relacionados</span></div><ul class="sc-152th9z-2 heeOAU"><li class="sc-152th9z-3 gpjOba"><a class="sc-141s52x-0 czkvzy sc-152th9z-1 cQOlQQ related-item" href="/noticias/mundo/europa/primera-dama-de-ucrania-quiere-que-los-ninos-del-pais-se-vean-como-una-generacion-de-ganadores-b2603209.html" data-auto-link="true" data-position="1" data-widget-position="5" data-text="Primera dama de Ucrania quiere que los niños del país se vean como una “generación de ganadores”" data-vars-event-id="c29" data-vars-item-name="related - 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Según Villavicencio, tanto él como su equipo de campaña estaban en riesgo de muerte si seguía mencionando a Fito en sus declaraciones públicas. </p><p>“Ustedes son mi chaleco antibalas, yo no necesito, ustedes son un pueblo valiente y yo soy valiente como ustedes”, pronunció el candidato en un mitin en Chone, precisamente el territorio original de la banda de los Choneros. “Vengan, aquí estoy, dijeron que me iban a quebrar, aquí estoy... Que vengan los capos del narco, que vengan los sicarios”, proclamó Villavicencio vestido solo con una camisa azul.</p><div class="sc-toncsa-0 qHctg"><div id="taboola-carousel-thumbnails" class="taboola"></div></div><p>Su lema de campaña “Es tiempo de valientes” aludía a su propuesta de luchar contra la corrupción y la acción del crimen organizado, si llegaba al gobierno, haciendo una depuración de las fuerzas de seguridad. </p><p>Ya había reportado también amenazas a su familia cuando dispararon contra la residencia de su familia en <a href="/tag/quito">Quito</a> en septiembre del año pasado.</p><p>¿QUÉ SE SABE DE LOS RESPONSABLES DEL ATAQUE?</p><p>La Fiscalía informó el miércoles por la noche, tras el asesinato, que seis personas fueron detenidas en allanamientos en Quito. El jueves se confirmó que los seis eran de nacionalidad colombiana.</p><p>Un sospechoso, aprehendido tras un intercambio de disparos con las fuerzas de seguridad, murió después al ser trasladado a dependencias judiciales. </p><div class="sc-w27hnf-3 jHlYLm teads"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo third-party-ad"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ third-party-ad"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="thirdparty02" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_partner_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/thirdparty02" data-size-key="THIRD_PARTY_ARTICLE_BODY" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="150000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><p>No se dieron a conocer las identidades de ninguno de los presuntos implicados. Las autoridades ecuatorianas tampoco informaron sobre líneas de investigación ni sobre los motivos. El presidente Lasso dijo poco después del ataque que el crimen organizado está detrás del ataque, aunque no dio ningún detalle.</p><p>El mandatario publicó en la red social X, antes llamada <a href="/tag/twitter">Twitter</a>, que solicitó apoyo al FBI estadounidense en la investigación del asesinato de Villavicencio y que la agencia federal aceptó la petición “y en las próximas horas una delegación llegará al país”.</p><div class="sc-1048kfq-0 dTdlgq"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo mobile-only"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ mobile-only"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="bottom_mpu_1" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_main_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/bottom_mpu" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="13000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><p>¿ES LA PRIMERA MUERTE DE UN POLÍTICO DE PRIMERA LÍNEA?</p><p>En el contexto de violencia que azota a Ecuador en los últimos tres años y que el gobierno atribuye a la lucha de territorio entre bandas relacionadas con el narcotráfico, el asesinato del candidato presidencial es el ataque a una de las figuras de mayor exposición pública hasta ahora. Pero no el único.</p><p>El 23 de julio pasado, el alcalde de la tercera ciudad más grande del país, Manta, fue asesinado también a tiros en un recorrido por un populoso barrio. Agustín Intriago había sido reelegido en las últimas elecciones municipales de febrero pasado y gozaba de gran popularidad, precisamente, por sus abiertas declaraciones y acciones de lucha contra el crimen.</p><p>Intriago era uno de los ocho alcaldes que, por análisis de seguridad, llevaba resguardo policial.</p><p>Durante la campaña electoral de esas elecciones municipales, hubo al menos 15 ataques dirigidos a los entonces candidatos, la mayoría en las provincias costeras de Manabí y Esmeraldas, donde las autoridades aluden que hay más presencia de bandas de narcotráfico. </p><p>Entre los ataques, se registró el asesinato de Julio César Farachio, de 45 años, candidato en Salinas, una localidad cercana a Guayaquil. Fue acribillado por un sicario durante un recorrido electoral.</p><div class="sc-1048kfq-0 dTdlgq"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo mobile-only"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ mobile-only"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="bottom_mpu_2" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_main_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/bottom_mpu" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="13000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><p>¿EXISTE UNA CONEXIÓN ENTRE LA POLÍTICA Y EL CRIMEN ORGANIZADO?</p><p>Políticos y autoridades han declarado públicamente sus sospechas por presuntos vínculos entre la clase política y el crimen organizado, pero solo Villavicencio denunció en enero de este año ante la Fiscalía a 21 candidatos a alcaldes por presuntos nexos con el narcotráfico y aseguró haber entregado información sobre financiación que respaldaba la acusación.</p><p>El entonces asambleísta aseveró que gran parte de las organizaciones políticas de Ecuador “están contaminadas con recursos provenientes de estructuras delictivas vinculadas a la minería ilegal, al narcotráfico y la corrupción”. Dijo que no actúan de forma aislada sino que “son parte de una misma estructura delictiva”.</p><p>No obstante, no ha trascendido ninguna sentencia o consecuencia judicial alguna tras la denuncia presentada.</p><p>¿CUÁNDO Y POR QUÉ SE DISPARÓ LA VIOLENCIA EN ECUADOR?</p><p>Autoridades de gobierno atribuyen la violencia que inició en las cárceles, con un motín sangriento simultáneo en tres centros penitenciarios en 2021 y que dejó 79 reos asesinados, a la muerte un año antes de Jorge Zambrano, alias “Rasquiña”, líder de los Choneros. Su desaparición dejó un vacío de poder que se disputan varios grupos delincuenciales.</p><div class="sc-1048kfq-0 dTdlgq"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo mobile-only"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ mobile-only"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="bottom_mpu_3" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_main_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/bottom_mpu" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="13000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><p>Desde entonces, ha habido más de una decena de enfrentamientos en las cárceles con 400 presos muertos. La violencia saltó a las calles, donde crecieron los secuestros, asesinatos, sicariatos, robos y extorsiones que sumen a la población en un clima de temor y desprotección.</p><p>En lo que va de 2023, se han registrado unas 3.600 muertes violentas, mientras que 2022 cerró con la cifra más alta en la historia del Ecuador con 4.600. Ya era el doble que en 2021, cuando se registraron 2.300. Esa escalada contrasta con las cifras de 2020, 1.011 asesinatos, y de 2019, con 890.</p><p>También los niveles de incautación de droga se han incrementado desde 2020 cuando se decomisaron 128 toneladas de sustancias ilícitas. En 2021, la cifra ascendió a 210 y tras un descenso a 201 toneladas en 2022, para 2023 autoridades antinarcóticos han dicho que van 122,5 toneladas de droga decomisadas.</p><p>¿CUÁL ES LA CONEXIÓN CON CÁRTELES MEXICANOS?</p><p>Durante años, Ecuador ha mantenido el discurso de ser un país solamente de tránsito en la ruta internacional de la droga, al ser vecino de dos grandes productores, Perú y Colombia.</p><div class="sc-1048kfq-0 dTdlgq"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo mobile-only"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ mobile-only"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="bottom_mpu_4" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_main_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/bottom_mpu" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="13000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><p>Sin embargo, en los últimos tres años se ha disparado en el país la violencia con ciertos ataques como muertes por sicariato, desmembramientos o explosiones habitualmente atribuidos a bandas internacionales del narcotráfico. En 2022, dos cuerpos aparecieron colgados y decapitados a las fueras de Guayaquil.</p><p>Estas acciones, tanto en las calles como dentro del sistema penitenciario, han sido atribuidas por el gobierno a la pugna por el control del territorio y la distribución de drogas entre bandas locales, como los Choneros, los Lobos o los Tiguerones. Al primero, las autoridades lo relacionan con el cártel mexicano de Sinaloa y a los segundos con el de Jalisco Nueva Generación.</p><p>¿ACTUACIONES DEL GOBIERNO?</p><p>El asesinato de Villavicencio se produjo menos de dos semanas después de una secuencia de ataques que llevó al gobierno a decretar un estado de excepción en dos provincias, Manabí y Los Ríos, y otro para el sistema penitenciario que permitiera movilizar a los militares para retomar el control de las cárceles.</p><p>El miércoles, el presidente Lasso emitió un nuevo decreto de excepción con duración de 60 días, esta vez para todo el territorio nacional.</p><div class="sc-1048kfq-0 dTdlgq"><div class="sc-1y9ieyw-0 cnknzo mobile-only"><div class="sc-1pfx6hk-0 fwOlvZ mobile-only"><div data-mpu="true" data-is-video="false" data-tile-name="bottom_mpu_5" data-ad-unit-path="/71347885/_main_independent_spanish/in_noticias/in_america-latina/gallery/bottom_mpu" data-refresh-check="false" data-refresh-ms="13000" class="sc-1pfx6hk-2 lgqWRm"></div></div></div></div><p>Desde mayo de 2021, cuando el mandatario llegó al poder, se han decretado 19 estados de excepción en un intento aún infructuoso del gobierno para frenar la ola de violencia.</p><p>Algunas de las declaratorias fueron de carácter nacional y otras focalizadas en las zonas de mayor peligro, especialmente en la región costera y en Guayaquil, la ciudad con mayor índice de muertes y donde se encuentra la cárcel más grande y peligrosa del país.</p><p>En lo que va de gobierno, tres ministros han pasado por la cartera de Interior: Alexandra Vela, Patricio Carrillo y Juan Zapata, que se desempeña actualmente en el cargo.</p><div class="sc-12btdgd-0 iYPexv sc-9oz50s-0 eBVImf related"><div class="sc-9oz50s-1 cztNBI"><span class="sc-1nbs17v-0 eBNoZm">Relacionados</span></div><ul class="sc-152th9z-2 heeOAU"><li class="sc-152th9z-3 gpjOba"><a class="sc-141s52x-0 czkvzy sc-152th9z-1 cQOlQQ related-item" 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href="/noticias/medio-ambiente/en-una-grecia-azotada-por-la-sequia-los-camiones-cisterna-mantienen-vivos-los-cultivos-b2603010.html" data-auto-link="true" data-position="2" data-widget-position="40" data-text="En una Grecia azotada por la sequía, los camiones cisterna mantienen vivos los cultivos" data-vars-event-id="c29" data-vars-item-name="related - /noticias/medio-ambiente/en-una-grecia-azotada-por-la-sequia-los-camiones-cisterna-mantienen-vivos-los-cultivos-b2603010.html"><img src="https://static.independentespanol.com/2024/08/28/10/EUR-CLI_GRECIA-SEQU%C3%8DA_62073.jpg?quality=75&width=230&auto=webp" loading="lazy" alt="En una Grecia azotada por la sequía, los camiones cisterna mantienen vivos los cultivos" class="sc-1mc30lb-0 linShj sc-152th9z-0 inIvXY"><span class="sc-152th9z-4 jYORXM">En una Grecia azotada por la sequía, los camiones cisterna mantienen vivos los cultivos</span></a></li><li class="sc-152th9z-3 gpjOba"><a class="sc-141s52x-0 czkvzy sc-152th9z-1 cQOlQQ related-item" href="/noticias/america-latina/vicepresidenta-argentina-pide-reabrir-causas-contra-grupos-guerrilleros-de-los-70-b2602831.html" data-auto-link="true" data-position="3" data-widget-position="40" data-text="Vicepresidenta argentina pide reabrir causas contra grupos guerrilleros de los 70" data-vars-event-id="c29" data-vars-item-name="related - /noticias/america-latina/vicepresidenta-argentina-pide-reabrir-causas-contra-grupos-guerrilleros-de-los-70-b2602831.html"><img src="https://static.independentespanol.com/2024/08/28/02/ARGENTINA-V%C3%8DCTIMAS_DE_TERRORISMO_08556.jpg?quality=75&width=230&auto=webp" loading="lazy" alt="Vicepresidenta argentina pide reabrir causas contra grupos guerrilleros de los 70" class="sc-1mc30lb-0 linShj sc-152th9z-0 inIvXY"><span class="sc-152th9z-4 jYORXM">Vicepresidenta argentina pide reabrir causas contra grupos guerrilleros de los 70</span></a></li></ul></div><p>—-</p><p>La periodista de AP Gabriela Molina contribuyó desde Quito, Ecuador, para 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